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13.347716331481934 36 WikiText2 |
22250 An equal number have descenders , like p or q in English : გ , დ , ე , ვ , კ , ლ , ჟ , ტ , უ , ფ , ღ , ყ , ც |
10.637886047363281 38 WikiText2 |
22251 Three letters have both ascenders and descenders , like þ in Old English : ქ , ჭ , and ( in handwriting ) ჯ . წ has both ascender and descender in print , and sometimes in handwriting . |
48.37184143066406 39 WikiText2 |
22252 = = = = Variation = = = = |
50.615264892578125 9 WikiText2 |
22253 There is individual and stylistic variation in many of the letters . For example , the top circle of ზ ( zeni ) and the top stroke of რ ( rae ) may go in the other direction than shown in the chart ( that is , counter @-@ clockwise starting at 3 o 'clock , and upwards – see the external @-@ link section for vide... |
95.70523834228516 80 WikiText2 |
22254 გ ( gani ) may be written like ვ ( vini ) with a closed loop at the bottom . |
75.46392059326172 20 WikiText2 |
22255 დ ( doni ) is frequently written with a simple loop at top , . |
207.0369415283203 15 WikiText2 |
22256 კ , ც , and ძ ( k 'ani , tsani , dzili ) are generally written with straight , vertical lines at the top , so that for example ც ( tsani ) resembles a U with a dimple in the right side . |
57.80057144165039 45 WikiText2 |
22257 ლ ( lasi ) is frequently written with a single arc , . Even when all three are written , they 're generally not all the same size , as they are in print , but rather riding on one wide arc like two dimples in it . |
105.76438903808594 48 WikiText2 |
22258 Rarely , ო ( oni ) is written as a right angle , . |
245.35031127929688 14 WikiText2 |
22259 რ ( rae ) is frequently written with one arc , , like a Latin 〈 h 〉 . |
154.64356994628906 19 WikiText2 |
22260 ტ ( t 'ari ) often has a small circle with a tail hanging into the bowl , rather than two small circles as in print , or as an O with a straight vertical line intersecting the top . It may also be rotated a bit clockwise , with the small circles further to the right and not as close to the top . |
60.61143493652344 65 WikiText2 |
22261 წ ( ts 'ili ) is generally written with a round bowl at the bottom , . Another variation features a triangular bowl . |
222.18231201171875 24 WikiText2 |
22262 ჭ ( ch 'ari ) may be written without the hook at the top , and often with a completely straight vertical line . |
125.9974594116211 24 WikiText2 |
22263 ჱ ( he ) may be written without the loop , like a conflation of ს and ჰ . |
80.13336181640625 19 WikiText2 |
22264 ჯ ( " jani " ) is sometimes written so that it looks like a hooked version of the Latin " X " |
116.04651641845703 23 WikiText2 |
22265 = = = = Similar letters = = = = |
81.54959106445312 10 WikiText2 |
22266 Several letters are similar and may be confused at first , especially in handwriting . |
184.75892639160156 15 WikiText2 |
22267 For ვ ( vini ) and კ ( k 'ani ) , the critical difference is whether the top is a full arc or a ( more @-@ or @-@ less ) vertical line . |
113.8265151977539 39 WikiText2 |
22268 For ვ ( vini ) and გ ( gani ) , it is whether the bottom is an open curve or closed ( a loop ) . The same is true of უ ( uni ) and შ ( shini ) ; in handwriting , the tops may look the same . Similarly ს ( sani ) and ხ ( khani ) . |
35.669395446777344 63 WikiText2 |
22269 For კ ( k 'ani ) and პ ( p 'ari ) , the crucial difference is whether the letter is written below or above x @-@ height , and whether it 's written top @-@ down or bottom @-@ up . |
47.45962142944336 48 WikiText2 |
22270 ძ ( dzili ) is written with a vertical top . |
194.7257537841797 11 WikiText2 |
22271 = = Ligatures , abbreviations and calligraphy = = |
140.97340393066406 9 WikiText2 |
22272 Asomtavruli is often highly stylized and writers readily formed ligatures , intertwined letters , and placed letters within letters . |
395.7535095214844 20 WikiText2 |
22273 A ligature of the Asomtavruli initials of King Vakhtang I of Iberia , Ⴂ Ⴌ ( გნ , GN ) |
249.6431121826172 20 WikiText2 |
22274 A ligature of the Asomtavruli letters Ⴃ Ⴀ ( და , da ) " and " |
188.44691467285156 16 WikiText2 |
22275 Nuskhuri , like Asomtavruli is also often highly stylized . Writers readily formed ligatures and abbreviations for nomina sacra , including diacritics called karagma , which resemble titla . Because writing materials such as vellum were scarce and therefore precious , abbreviating was a practical measure widespr... |
161.46888732910156 56 WikiText2 |
22276 A Nuskhuri abbreviation of რომელი ( romeli ) " which " |
83.00116729736328 11 WikiText2 |
22277 A Nuskhuri abbreviation of იესუ ქრისტე ( iesu kriste ) " Jesus Christ " |
36.674659729003906 14 WikiText2 |
22278 Mkhedruli , in the 11th to 17th centuries also came to employ digraphs to the point that they were obligatory , requiring adhesion to a complex system . |
137.6778106689453 28 WikiText2 |
22279 A Mkhedruli ligature of და ( da ) " and " |
680.1381225585938 11 WikiText2 |
22280 Mkhedruli calligraphy of Prince Garsevan Chavchavadze and King Archil of Imereti |
589.3370971679688 11 WikiText2 |
22281 = = Type faces = = |
755.7321166992188 6 WikiText2 |
22282 Georgian scripts come in only a single type face , though word processors can apply automatic ( " fake " ) oblique and bold formatting to Georgian text . Traditionally , Asomtavruli was used for chapter or section titles , where Latin script might use bold or italic type . |
187.96176147460938 50 WikiText2 |
22283 = = Punctuation = = |
168.8458709716797 5 WikiText2 |
22284 In Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri punctuation , various combinations of dots were used as word dividers and to separate phrases , clauses , and paragraphs . In monumental inscriptions and manuscripts of 5th to 10th centuries , these were written as dashes , like − , |
127.7673110961914 45 WikiText2 |
22285 = and = |
395.5063781738281 3 WikiText2 |
22286 − . In the 10th century , clusters of one ( · ) , two ( : ) , three ( ჻ ) and six ( ჻ ჻ ) dots ( later sometimes small circles ) were introduced by Ephrem Mtsire to indicate increasing breaks in the text . One dot indicated a " minor stop " ( presumably a simple word break ) , two dots marked or separated " spec... |
33.680625915527344 242 WikiText2 |
22287 Signature of King Alexander II of Kakheti , with the divider 〈 ჻ 〉 |
241.51171875 14 WikiText2 |
22288 ჴლმწიფე ჻ ალექსანდრე |
6.973066329956055 3 WikiText2 |
22289 " The sovereign Alexander " |
3032.8720703125 5 WikiText2 |
22290 = = Summary = = |
641.7002563476562 5 WikiText2 |
22291 This table lists the three scripts in parallel columns , including the letters that are now obsolete in all alphabets ( shown with a blue background ) , obsolete in Georgian but still used in other alphabets ( green background ) , or additional letters in languages other than Georgian ( pink background ) . The "... |
48.228050231933594 94 WikiText2 |
22292 = = Use for other non @-@ Kartvelian languages = = |
1370.342529296875 13 WikiText2 |
22293 Ossetian language during the 1940s . |
153.4896697998047 6 WikiText2 |
22294 Abkhaz language during the 1940s . |
292.3508605957031 6 WikiText2 |
22295 Ingush language ( historically ) , later replaced in the 17th century by Arabic and by the Cyrillic script in modern times . |
68.6622085571289 23 WikiText2 |
22296 Chechen language ( historically ) , later replaced in the 17th century by Arabic and by the Cyrillic script in modern times . |
54.2907829284668 23 WikiText2 |
22297 Avar language ( historically ) , later replaced in the 17th century by Arabic and by the Cyrillic script in modern times . |
63.22397994995117 23 WikiText2 |
22298 Turkish language and Tatar language . A Turkish Gospel , dictionary , poems , medical book dating from the 18th century . |
180.7286376953125 22 WikiText2 |
22299 Persian language . The 18th @-@ century Persian translation of the Arabic Gospel is kept at the National Center of Manuscripts in Tbilisi . |
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