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15670
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20and%20technology%20in%20Jamaica
Science and technology in Jamaica
The Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) sector is guided by two primary institutions, the National Commission on Science and Technology (NCST) and the Scientific Research Council (SRC). Both are under the direction of the Ministry of Science, Energy, and Technology. History Science and technology in Jamaica has...
15673
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Mayen
Jan Mayen
Jan Mayen () is a Norwegian volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean, with no permanent population. It is long (southwest-northeast) and in area, partly covered by glaciers [an area of around the Beerenberg volcano. It has two parts: larger northeast Nord-Jan and smaller Sør-Jan, linked by a wide isthmus. It lies north...
15683
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarvis%20Island
Jarvis Island
Jarvis Island (; formerly known as Bunker Island or Bunker's Shoal) is an uninhabited coral island located in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and the Cook Islands. It is an unincorporated, unorganized territory of the United States, administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service of t...
15693
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey
Jersey
Jersey ( , ; ), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (; Jèrriais: ), is an island country and self-governing Crown Dependency near the coast of north-west France. It is the largest of the Channel Islands and is from the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy. The Bailiwick consists of the main island of Jersey and some surroun...
15694
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Jersey
History of Jersey
Jersey is the largest of the Channel Islands, an island group in the English Channel near France. Although not geographically part of the archipelago of the British Isles, politically and culturally the islands are generally accepted as such. The Channel Islands are the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy t...
15695
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography%20of%20Jersey
Geography of Jersey
Jersey (Jèrriais: Jèrri) is the largest of the Channel Islands, an island archipelago in the St. Malo bight in the western English Channel. It has a total area of 120 square kilometres (45 sq mi) and is part of the British Isles archipelago. It lies 22 km (12 nmi; 14 mi) from the Cotenin Peninsula in Normandy, France a...
15696
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography%20of%20Jersey
Demography of Jersey
Jersey is the most populated of the crown dependencies and of the Channel Islands. The Demographic statistics of the island includes population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The population of Jersey has grown in...
15697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics%20of%20Jersey
Politics of Jersey
The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown dependency, unitary state and parliamentary representative democracy and constitutional monarchy. The current monarch and head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, while the Chief Minister Senator John Le Fondré is the head of government. Legislative and executive power is vested ...
15698
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20Jersey
Economy of Jersey
The economy of Jersey is a highly developed social market economy. It is largely driven by international financial services and legal services, which accounted for 39.5% of total GVA in 2019, a 4% increase on 2018. Jersey is considered to be an offshore financial centre. Jersey has the preconditions to be a microstate...
15699
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20in%20Jersey
Telecommunications in Jersey
The services of communication in Jersey comprise Internet, telephone, broadcasting and postal services, which allow islanders to contact people and receive information from outwith the island. Internet As of 2018, three companies provide fixed-line services to the island - Jersey Telecom (JT), who operate island's ...
15700
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20in%20Jersey
Transport in Jersey
Transport in Jersey is primarily through the motor vehicle. The island, which is the largest of the Channel Islands has 124,737 registered vehicles (2016). The island is committed to combatting climate change, having declared a climate emergency, and policy is focused on reducing dependence on the car. The island has a...
15704
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnston%20Atoll
Johnston Atoll
Johnston Atoll is an unincorporated territory of the United States, currently administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Johnston Atoll is a National Wildlife Refuge and part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. It is closed to public entry, and limited access for management...
15716
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography%20of%20Jordan
Geography of Jordan
Jordan is situated geographically in Southwest Asia, south of Syria, west of Iraq, northwest of Saudi Arabia, east of Palestine and the West Bank. The area is also referred to as the Middle or Near East. The territory of Jordan now covers about . Between 1950 and the Six-Day War in 1967, although not widely recognized...
15717
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20Jordan
Demographics of Jordan
Jordan has a population of around 11 million inhabitants as of 2021. Jordanians () are the citizens of Jordan. Some 98% percent of Jordanians are Arabs, while the remaining 2% are other ethnic minorities. Around 2.9 million were non-citizens, a figure including refugees, legal and illegal immigrants. Jordan's annual po...
15718
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics%20of%20Jordan
Politics of Jordan
The politics of Jordan takes place in a framework of a parliamentary monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Jordan is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy based on the constitution promulgated on January 8, 1952. The king exercises his power through the government he app...
15719
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20Jordan
Economy of Jordan
The economy of Jordan is classified as an emerging market economy. Jordan's GDP per capita rose by 351% in the 1970s, declined 30% in the 1980s, and rose 36% in the 1990s. After King Abdullah II's accession to the throne in 1999, liberal economic policies were introduced. Jordan's economy had been growing at an annual ...
15720
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20in%20Jordan
Telecommunications in Jordan
Jordan has a highly developed communications infrastructure. Jordan's telecom infrastructure is growing at a very rapid pace and continually being updated and expanded. Communications in Jordan occur across many media, including telephone, radio, television, and internet. Telephone 50% of households have at least one ...
15721
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20in%20Jordan
Transport in Jordan
With the exception of a railway system, Jordan has a developed public and private transportation system. There are three international airports in Jordan. The Hedjaz Jordan Railway runs one passenger train a day each way. Roadways In 2009, it was estimated that Jordan had of paved highways. Some of the major highway...
15723
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20relations%20of%20Jordan
Foreign relations of Jordan
The foreign relations of Jordan have been consistently a pro-Western foreign policy. Jordan had close relations with the United States and the United Kingdom. These relations were damaged when Jordan proclaimed its neutrality during the Gulf War and maintained relations with Iraq. In public, Jordan continued to call fo...
15724
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20de%20Nova%20Island
Juan de Nova Island
Juan de Nova Island (, ), Malagasy: Nosy Kely) is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, in size. Anchorage is possible off the northeast of the island which also has a airstrip. Admi...
15736
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20Kepler
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler (; ; 27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi, and Epitome As...
15737
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bardeen
John Bardeen
John Bardeen (; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American engineer and physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for ...
15739
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewellery
Jewellery
Jewellery or jewelry consists of decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes. From a western perspective, the term is restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example. F...
15740
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Berglin
Jan Berglin
Jan Berglin (born March 24, 1960) is a Swedish cartoonist who made his debut in the Uppsala student newspaper Ergo in 1985. After completing his studies, Berglin has been living in Gävle where he works as a teacher of Swedish and religion. He published his early strips in the local social democratic newspaper Arbetarbl...
15744
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Jarmusch
Jim Jarmusch
James Robert Jarmusch (; born January 22, 1953) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, producer, editor, and composer. He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s, directing films such as Stranger Than Paradise (1984), Down by Law (1986), Mystery Train (1989), Dead Man (1995), Ghost ...
15745
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (; – 3 February 1468) was a German inventor, printer, publisher, and goldsmith who introduced printing to Europe with his mechanical movable-type printing press. His work started the Printing Revolution in Europe and is regarded as a milestone of the second millennium, ushe...
15746
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Mayol
Jacques Mayol
Jacques Mayol (1 April 1927 – 22 December 2001) was a French diver and the holder of many world records in free diving. The 1988 film The Big Blue, directed by Luc Besson, was inspired by his life story and that of his friend, Enzo Maiorca. Mayol was one of the screenwriters and authored the book Homo Delphinus: the Do...
15747
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Terboven
Josef Terboven
Josef Terboven (23 May 1898 – 8 May 1945) was a Nazi Party official and politician who was the long-serving Gauleiter of Gau Essen and the Reichskommissar for Norway during the German occupation. Early life Terboven (from the Dutch ter Boven) was born in Essen, the son of minor landed gentry of Dutch descent. He atte...
15766
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Brown
James Brown
James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933 – December 25, 2006) was an American singer, dancer, musician, record producer, and bandleader. The central progenitor of funk music and a major figure of 20th century music, he is often referred to by the honorific nicknames "Godfather of Soul", "Mr. Dynamite", and "Soul Brother No. 1"....
15767
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Postel
Jon Postel
Jonathan Bruce Postel (; August 6, 1943 – October 16, 1998) was an American computer scientist who made many significant contributions to the development of the Internet, particularly with respect to standards. He is known principally for being the Editor of the Request for Comment (RFC) document series, for Simple Mai...
15768
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce%20K.%20Reynolds
Joyce K. Reynolds
Joyce Kathleen Reynolds (March 8, 1952 – December 28, 2015) was an American computer scientist who played a significant role in developing protocols underlying the Internet. She authored or co-authored many RFCs, most notably those introducing and specifying the Telnet, FTP, and POP protocols. Career Reynolds held ba...
15769
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julmust
Julmust
Julmust ( "yule" and English: 'must' "not-yet-fermented juice of fruit or berries", though there is no such juice in julmust) is a soft drink that is mainly consumed in Sweden around Christmas. During the rest of the year, except Easter, it is usually quite difficult to find in stores, but sometimes it is sold at othe...
15770
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules%20Verne
Jules Verne
Jules Gabriel Verne (; ; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright. His collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the Voyages extraordinaires, a series of bestselling adventure novels including Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), Twenty Thousan...
15771
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20Rau
Johannes Rau
Johannes Rau (; 16 January 193127 January 2006) was a German politician (SPD). He was the president of Germany from 1 July 1999 until 30 June 2004 and the minister president of North Rhine-Westphalia from 20 September 1978 to 9 June 1998. In the latter role, he also served as president of the Bundesrat in 1982/83 and i...
15772
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson
Jackson
Jackson may refer to: People Jackson (name), including a list of people with the surname or given name, with nicknames including "Jackson" "Jacky" or "Jack" Places Australia Jackson, Queensland, a town in the Maranoa Region Jackson North, Queensland, a locality in the Maranoa Region Jackson South, Queensland, a lo...
15773
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal%20Ram
Jabal Ram
Jabal Ram is a mountain in Jordan. Most authorities give its elevation as above sea level. It was once thought to be the highest point in Jordan, but SRTM data shows that Jabal Umm al Dami is above sea level and therefore higher. Traditional climbing routes over its eastern face make it one of the main attractions ...
15777
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels (; 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician who was the Gauleiter (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945. He was one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted acolytes, known for his skills in pu...
15780
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coen%20brothers
Coen brothers
Joel Daniel Coen (born November 29, 1954) and Ethan Jesse Coen (born September 21, 1957), collectively known as the Coen Brothers (), are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody. Their most acclaimed works include Raising Arizona (1987), Miller's Crossing (1...
15781
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Luis%20Borges
Jorge Luis Borges
Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (; ; 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, and a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known books, Ficciones (Fictions) and El Aleph (The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are compilat...
15782
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Austen
Jane Austen
Jane Austen (; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social stan...
15785
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June
June
June is the sixth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the second of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the third of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. June contains the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the day with the most daylight hours, and the winter solstic...
15786
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July
July
July is the seventh month of the year (between June and August) in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., it being the month of his birth. Before about 713 B.C. it was called Qui...
15787
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%201
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. Events Pre-1600 153 BC – For the first time, Roman consuls begin their year in ...
15788
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%202
January 2
Events Pre-1600 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire. 533 – Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation ...
15789
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%203
January 3
Events Pre-1600 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (except Jews) to make sacrifices to the Roman gods. 1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther...
15790
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2015
January 15
Events Pre-1600 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of New France (Canada) and provide for the spread of the "Holy Catholic faith". 1559 – Elizabet...
15791
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2026
January 26
Events Pre-1600 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. 1564 – The Council of Trent establishes an official distinction between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. 1564 – The Grand Du...
15792
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2028
January 28
Events Pre-1600 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession of his son Louis the Pious as ruler of the Frankish Empire. 1069 – Robert de Comines, appoin...
15793
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2031
January 31
Events Pre-1600 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the throne as King Eric X of Sweden. 1504 – The Treaty of Lyon ends the Italian War, confirmin...
15794
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%206
June 6
The date is most famously associated with D-Day on Tuesday, 6 June 1944, when the Western Allies carried out landing and airborne operations in Normandy to begin Operation Overlord during World War II. D-Day (codenamed Operation Neptune) was the largest seaborne invasion in history. It began the liberation of German-oc...
15795
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%207
June 7
Events Pre-1600 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. 1002 – Henry II, a cousin of Emperor Otto III, is elected and crowned King of Germany. 1099 – First Crusade: The ...
15796
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2011
June 11
Events Pre-1600 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle of the rain". 631 – Emperor Taizong of Tang sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing...
15797
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2014
June 14
Events Pre-1600 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon conquers over half of the kingdom. 1276 – While taking exile in Fuzhou, away from the adva...
15798
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2017
June 17
Events Pre-1600 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. 1128 – Geoffrey V of Anjou, known as Plantagenet, marries Matilda, daughter of Henry I, King of England, and widow of the Emperor Henry V. 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carri...
15799
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2025
June 25
Events Pre-1600 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine. 1258 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Acre, the Venet...
15800
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2026
June 26
Events Pre-1600 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar. 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sasanian Empire. 684 – Pope Benedict II is chosen. 699 – En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic ...
15801
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2027
June 27
Events Pre-1600 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coast south of Cape Cassipore. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near Londo...
15802
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2028
June 28
In common years it is always in ISO week 26. Events Pre-1600 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. 1461 – Edward, Earl of March, is crowned King Edward IV of England. 1519 – Charles V is e...
15803
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2020
July 20
Events Pre-1600 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots. 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defeats Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI at the Battle of Marcellae. 911 – Rollo lays siege to Ch...
15804
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2025
July 25
Events Pre-1600 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. 677 – Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica by the Slavs in a three-day assault on the ci...
15805
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2010
June 10
Events Pre-1600 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock (clepsydra) called Rokoku. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the river Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem. 1329 – The Battle of...
15806
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2012
June 12
Events Pre-1600 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of France, an inter-faith debate, known as the Disputation of Paris, starts between a Christian mon...
15807
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horton%20Conway
John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automato...
15809
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2010
July 10
Events Pre-1600 138 – Emperor Hadrian dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. 645 – Isshi Incident: Prince Naka-no-Ōe and Fujiwara no Kamatari assassinate Soga no Iruka during a coup d'état at the imperial pal...
15812
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2024
June 24
Events Pre-1600 1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. 217 BC – The Romans, led by Gaius Flaminius, are ambushed and defeated by Hannibal at the Battle of Lake Trasimene. 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Braccia...
15813
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2030
January 30
Events Pre-1600 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 1607 – An estimated 200 square miles (51,800 ha) along the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in Englan...
15814
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2029
January 29
Events Pre-1600 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Empire. He is succeeded by Al-Muti as caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate. 1258 – ...
15815
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2018
June 18
Events Pre-1600 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about 200 Rus' vessels sails into the Bosphorus and starts pillaging the suburbs of the Byzantine capita...
15816
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2013
June 13
Events Pre-1600 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. 1325 – Ibn Battuta begins his travels, leaving his home in Tangiers to travel to Mecca (gone 24 years). 13...
15817
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2019
June 19
Events Pre-1600 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. 1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle changes the tide of the civil wars. 1306 – The Earl of Pembroke's army defeats Bruce's Scottis...
15818
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2020
June 20
In the Northern Hemisphere, the Summer solstice sometimes occurs on this date, while the Winter solstice occurs in the Southern Hemisphere. Events Pre-1600 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as...
15819
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2021
June 21
This day usually marks the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, which is the day of the year with the most hours of daylight in the Northern Hemisphere and the fewest hours of daylight in the Southern Hemisphere. Events Pre-1600 533 – A Byzantine expeditionar...
15820
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%205
June 5
Events Pre-1600 1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. 1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno. 1288 – The Battle of Worringen ends the War of the Limburg Succession, with John I, Duke of Brabant...
15821
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Lemmon
Jack Lemmon
John Uhler Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001), commonly known as Jack Lemmon, was an American actor. Equally proficient in both dramatic and comic roles, Lemmon was known for his anxious, middle-class everyman screen persona in dramedy pictures, leading The Guardian to coin him "the most successful tragi-com...
15823
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Conrad
Joseph Conrad
Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, ; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Polish-British writer regarded as one of the greatest novelists to write in the English language. Though he did not speak English fluently until his twenties, he came to be regarded a master prose stylist who brought a non-En...
15824
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Updike
John Updike
John Hoyer Updike (March 18, 1932 – January 27, 2009) was an American novelist, poet, short-story writer, art critic, and literary critic. One of only four writers to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once (the others being Booth Tarkington, William Faulkner, and Colson Whitehead), Updike published more than...
15825
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Steinbeck
John Steinbeck
John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. (; February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was an American author and the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature winner "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humor and keen social perception." He has been called "a giant of American letters." During his writing c...
15826
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua%20Reynolds
Joshua Reynolds
Sir Joshua Reynolds (16 July 1723 – 23 February 1792) was an English painter, specialising in portraits. John Russell said he was one of the major European painters of the 18th century. He promoted the "Grand Style" in painting which depended on idealization of the imperfect. He was a founder and first president of th...
15827
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Schumpeter
Joseph Schumpeter
Joseph Alois Schumpeter (; February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian-born political economist. He served briefly as Finance Minister of German-Austria in 1919. In 1932, he emigrated to the United States to become a professor at Harvard University, where he remained until the end of his career, and in 1939 obt...
15830
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Lee%20Hooker
John Lee Hooker
John Lee Hooker (August 22, 1912 or 1917 – June 21, 2001) was an American blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist. The son of a sharecropper, he rose to prominence performing an electric guitar-style adaptation of Delta blues. Hooker often incorporated other elements, including talking blues and early North Mississippi...
15831
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2023
June 23
Events Pre-1600 229 – On his death, at Cutilia, Vespasian is deified. He is succeeded by his elder son Titus, who is responsible for the capture of Jerusalem in 70. Titus appoints his younger brother Flavius Domitianus as heir. 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In th...
15834
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satires%20%28Juvenal%29
Satires (Juvenal)
The Satires are a collection of satirical poems by the Latin author Juvenal written between the end of the first and the early second centuries A.D. Juvenal is credited with sixteen known poems divided among five books; all are in the Roman genre of satire, which, at its most basic in the time of the author, comprised...
15837
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Cocteau
Jean Cocteau
Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (, , ; 5 July 1889 – 11 October 1963) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, filmmaker, visual artist and critic. He was one of the foremost creatives of the surrealist, avant-garde, and Dadaist movements; and one of the most influential figures in early 20th-century art ...
15838
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Donne
John Donne
John Donne ( ; 22 January 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet, scholar, soldier and secretary born into a recusant family, who later became a cleric in the Church of England. Under royal patronage, he was made Dean of St Paul's Cathedral in London (1621–1631). He is considered the preeminent representative of the...
15839
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey%20Ramone
Joey Ramone
Jeffrey Ross Hyman (May 19, 1951 – April 15, 2001), known professionally as Joey Ramone, was an American musician, singer, composer, and lead vocalist of the punk rock band the Ramones. Ramone's image, voice, and tenure as frontman of the Ramones made him a countercultural icon. Early life Jeffrey Ross Hyman was bor...
15842
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2029
June 29
Events Pre-1600 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei. 1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, leading to his excommunication by the Catholic Church and civil war. 1444 – Skanderbeg defeats an ...
15843
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2030
June 30
Events Pre-1600 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. 763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus. 1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons. 1521 – Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Batt...
15844
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%201
July 1
It is the last day of the first half of the year. The end of this day marks the halfway point of a leap year. It also falls on the same day of the week as New Year's Day in a leap year. The midpoint of the year for southern hemisphere DST countries occurs at 11:00 p.m. Events Pre-1600 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander o...
15845
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2025
January 25
Events Pre-1600 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty. 1348 – A strong earthquake strikes the South Alpine region of Friuli in modern Italy, caus...
15846
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%202
July 2
This day is the first day of the second half of the year, as well as the midpoint of a common year because there are 182 days before and 182 days after it in common years. There are 183 days before and 182 after it in leap years. The exact time of the middle of the year is at noon. In countries that use summer time the...
15847
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%2011
January 11
Events Pre-1600 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhammad and his followers conquer the city, Quraysh surrender. 947 – Emperor Tai Zong of the Khitan-...
15848
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%203
July 3
Events Pre-1600 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolution in 1792. 1035 – William the Conqueror becomes the Duke of Normandy, reigns until 1087...
15849
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%204
July 4
The Aphelion, the point in the year when the Earth is farthest from the Sun, occurs around this date. Events Pre-1600 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and p...
15852
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Lennon
John Lennon
John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist who achieved worldwide fame as the founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. Lennon was characterised by the rebellious nature and acerbic ...
15854
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%203
June 3
Events Pre-1600 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, deposed and sent into exile by conspirators of the Opsikion army in Thrace. He is succeeded by A...
15855
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%202
June 2
Events Pre-1600 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601–1900 1608 – London: Virginia gets new charter, extending borders from "sea to sea". 1615 ...
15856
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%201
June 1
Events Pre-1600 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. 1298 – Residents of Riga and Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the L...
15857
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2022
June 22
On this day the Summer solstice may occur in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Winter solstice may occur in the Southern Hemisphere. Events Pre-1600 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius ...
15858
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cleese
John Cleese
John Marwood Cleese ( ; born 27 October 1939) is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. Emerging from the Cambridge Footlights in the 1960s, he first achieved success at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and as a scriptwriter and performer on The Frost Report. In the late 1960s, he co-founded Monty Python,...
15861
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%205
July 5
Events Pre-1600 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius. 1316 – The Burgundian and Majorcan claimants of the Principality of Achaea meet in the Battle of Manolada. 1594 – Por...