id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa_7249 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##ypie und andere spezielle epidemiologische laboratoriumsmethoden. [ german & english ; phage typing and other special epidemiological laboratory methods ]. gustav - fischer - verlag, jena, germany. oclc 14423391 gasser, f. 1974. microbiologie generale, volume 1. bacteries et bacteriophages. [ french ; bacteria ... | [
"Facultative anaerobe",
"Discovered by Robert Koch",
"Gram positive",
"Has thick cell wall"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Facultative anaerobe* M. tuberculosis was discovered by Robert koch.* M. tuberculosis is gram-positive, obligate aerobe, acid-fast, straight or slightly curved rod. Electron microscopy shows thick cell wall.* M. tuberculosis is acid-fast bacillus and resists decolorization by 20% H2SO4. Acid fastness ... |
qasc_3557 | qasc | <ctx>
chemistry of carbon under extreme conditions. the overarching goal of the extreme physics and chemistry community is to improve the understanding of the physical and chemical behavior of carbon at extreme conditions, as found in the deep interiors of earth and other planets. extreme physics and chemistry research... | [
"In sediment",
"stomach",
"limestone",
"refrigerator"
] | C | |
aquarat_7593 | aquarat | <ctx>
100, which immediately proves that 100 is not prime. every positive integer except 1 is divisible by at least one prime number by the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. therefore the algorithm need only search for prime divisors less than / equal to. for another example, consider how this algorithm determines the... | [
"A) I only",
"B) I and III only",
"C) I and II only",
"D) II and III only"
] | C | MANHATTAN GMATOFFICIAL SOLUTION:
Since a and b are both prime numbers greater than 10, they must both be odd. Therefore ab must be an odd number, so Statement I cannot be true. Similarly, if a and b are both odd, then a - b cannot equal 117 (an odd number). This difference must be even. Therefore, Statement II cannot b... |
openbookqa_2804 | openbookqa | <ctx>
99 – 159. robert k. crane. " digestion and absorption : water - soluble organics ". international review of physiology, gastrointestinal physiology ii, vol. 12, robert k. crane, ed., university park press, 1977, pp. 325 – 365. robert k. crane. " intestinal structure and function related to toxicity ". environment... | [
"twinkies are converted to usable material",
"air comes in and out",
"twinkies are baked fresh",
"plastic is found here"
] | A | |
medmcqa_8638 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##posure. however, the influence of inner - hair - cell dysfunction ( e. g., shallower response growth for mild - moderate damage and steeper growth for severe damage ) can confound the effects of outer - hair - cell dysfunction on overall response growth and thus envn coding. thus, not surprisingly the relative ... | [
"Hearing loss that fluctuates",
"Giddiness is provoked in certain head positions",
"Sense of pressure or fullness in the ear",
"Roaring tinnitus"
] | B | Giddiness occurring in certain head positions such as bending forward to pick up an article or reaching for an article in the overhead shelf or turning one's position in the bed is a feature of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The condition is due to free-floating particles (otoconia) in the endolymph of ve... |
aquarat_33122 | aquarat | <ctx>
in the united states is 120 kilometers per hour ( 75 mph ). a device is set to measure the speed of passing vehicles. suppose that the device will conduct three measurements of the speed of a passing vehicle, recording as a random sample x1, x2, x3. the traffic police will or will not fine the drivers depending o... | [
"A)487",
"B)15",
"C)76",
"D)29"
] | B | If x is speed limit,
Speed of first person = x + 10
Speed of 2nd person = x + 20
But speed of 2nd person = 35 kmph
x + 20 = 35
x = 15 kmph.
so speed limit is 15 kmph option D
Answer: B |
medmcqa_9137 | medmcqa | <ctx>
neurology and neurosurgery published a study that found that intracerebral hemorrhage volume and shift of midline structures correlate with npi, and abnormalities in npi can be predicted by hematoma volume and other ct indicators of ich severity. a case study series published in the journal of neuroscience of nur... | [
"Oral natrexone",
"IV naloxone",
"Oral diazepam",
"Oral Buprenorphine"
] | B | Ref: Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry 9th/1375-76,1384 The decreased bowel sounds, respiratory depression,pin point pupil and history of heroin addiction strongly points toward the diagnosis of acute opioid poisoning. The drug of choice for acute poisoning is intravenous naloxone. |
openbookqa_1011 | openbookqa | <ctx>
. hold one ball and let the other hang down and throw it in a ballistic trajectory. explain your observations. now mark the center of the string with bright ink or attach a brightly colored sticker to it and throw again. what happened? explain your observations. some aquatic animals such as jellyfish move around ... | [
"pushed directly behind it",
"pushed up and below it",
"evaporated by salt water",
"pushed in front of it"
] | A | |
openbookqa_3186 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the cortex, phloem, and cambium until the galls death. the gall will enlarge for 2 years and sporulate on the third. spermogonia ooze from infected bark in early spring, but they are non - functional since they do not form aecia ( vestigial ). dikaryotization of the haploid mycelium that produce the teliospores t... | [
"toxic",
"endangered",
"reuseable",
"shorter"
] | C | |
medmcqa_4557 | medmcqa | <ctx>
jaundice can be caused by a few viruses that the human body can naturally clear, jaundice in the setting of an obstruction is usually caused by a cancer and can result in intolerable itching and a worsening of liver function that can be life - threatening. depending on a patient's condition, this type of obstruct... | [
"Spheno-ethmoidal recess",
"Superior meatus",
"Middle meatus",
"Inferior meatus"
] | B | - There are 3 groups of ethmoidal air sinuses Anterior Middle Posterior - Posterior ethmoidal sinus is opening in lateral wall of the nose. - Lateral wall of the nose has 3 elevations called superior, middle & inferior turbinates / conchae - Under each turbinate, there is space called meatus called superior, middle & i... |
aquarat_19348 | aquarat | <ctx>
division by zero in a field. computer arithmetic the ieee floating - point standard, supported by almost all modern floating - point units, specifies that every floating - point arithmetic operation, including division by zero, has a well - defined result. the standard supports signed zero, as well as infinity an... | [
"A)0",
"B)5",
"C)10",
"D)15"
] | D | You should notice that 55*2=110 so 11,000 is divisible by 55: 55*200=11,000 (or you can notice that 11,000 is obviously divisible by both 5 and 11 so by 55) --> B*A=0*0=0. Next number divisible by 55 is 11,000+55=11,055: B*A=5*5=15 (next number won't have 110 as the first 3 digits so we have only two options 0 and 25).... |
arc_easy_1870 | arc_easy | <ctx>
against the opposing force of the air already in the tire. like matter, energy comes in different types. one scheme classifies energy into two types : potential energy, the energy an object has because of its relative position, composition, or condition, and kinetic energy, the energy that an object possesses bec... | [
"potential energy to electrical energy",
"electrical energy to potential energy",
"kinetic energy to chemical energy",
"chemical energy to mechanical energy"
] | D | |
aquarat_30205 | aquarat | <ctx>
is at most b. the set of configurations is c. x is a vector of size c. each element xc of x represents the number of times configuration c is used. example : suppose the item sizes are 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, and b = 12. then there are c = 10 possible configurations : 3333 ; 333 ; 33, 334 ; 3, 34, 344 ; 4, ... | [
"A)142",
"B)144",
"C)3680",
"D)3280"
] | B | Total number of candidates = 4 + 3 = 7. In the row of 7 positions, the even places are 2nd, 4th, 6th .
Now, number of even places = 3.
Number of girls to occupy the even places = 3.
Even places can be filled = P (3, 3) ways.
Number of boys = 4.
The remaining 4 places can be filled by 4 boys = P (4, 4) ways
By the funda... |
arc_easy_1615 | arc_easy | <ctx>
closest match in its symbol database to replace the handwritten letters with. handwriting recognition primarily uses either optical character recognition which uses an optical scanner to scan the words written by the user to determine the best suitable match, or by using a pen - based computer interface to track ... | [
"mass",
"friction",
"gravity",
"speed"
] | C | |
qasc_7213 | qasc | <ctx>
is still debated. distortions to the earth's magnetic field cause the phenomenon aurora borealis, commonly called the northern lights. the magnetic field stores energy given by cosmic particles known as solar wind, which causes the magnetic field lines to expand. when the lines contract, they release this energy,... | [
"Deserts can form",
"Dehydration",
"Mountains can form",
"Physical weathering"
] | A | |
mmlu_aux_5289 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
". china's first woman astronaut, liu yang, was married but had no children at the time of her flight in june 2012. her second mission launched in june 2022 on shenzou 14. wang yaping became the second chinese female astronaut as a member of the shenzhou 10 spaceship crew, which orbited the earth in june 2013, an... | [
"18",
"33",
"31",
"25"
] | C | null |
aquarat_14611 | aquarat | <ctx>
that case, the reasoning in steps 6 and 7 was entirely correct if envelope a happened to contain any of the amounts 2, 4,... 512 : switching envelopes would give an expected ( average ) gain of 25 %. if envelope a happened to contain the amount 1, then the expected gain is actually 100 %. but if it happened to co... | [
"A)11/12",
"B)13/17",
"C)13/19",
"D)12/19"
] | A | Let Rex's income = 100, then:
Rex = 100
Paul = 60
Quentin = 48
Sam = 36
Rex gives 60 dollars to sam, so now sam has 96 dollars
Rex gives 40 dollars to Quentin, so now Quentin has 88 dollars
The fraction Q/S = 11/12
ANSWER:A |
medmcqa_1006 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##mia during anticipation and receipt of reward, although this finding is extremely inconsistent. these abnormalities may be related to circadian rhythm dysfunction in bipolar, including increased sleep latency, evening preference and poor sleep quality, as the neural systems responsible for both processes are fu... | [
"Seizure",
"Acute dystonia",
"Malingering",
"Akathesia"
] | B | * <48 hours of staing antipsychotics * M.C in======Younger black males * If a patient develops dystonia he is more prone for eps Patient considers this as an Allergic reaction , thereby may stop drugs Layryngeal dystonia is a Psychiatric emergency, should be treated with IV lorazepam TREATMENT * Diphenhydramine * Benzt... |
qasc_140 | qasc | <ctx>
the blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. it includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels ( from greek kardia meaning he... | [
"open",
"toads",
"closed",
"porous"
] | A | |
mmlu_aux_6814 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
18. 1 • periodicity 863 mercury is very different from zinc and cadmium. mercury is the only metal that is liquid at 25 °c. many metals dissolve in mercury, forming solutions called amalgams ( see the feature on amalgams ), which are alloys of mercury with one or more other metals. mercury, shown in figure 18. 8,... | [
"it dissolves",
"it sinks",
"it floats",
"it hardens"
] | B | null |
aquarat_5394 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)15x/18",
"B)3600x",
"C)18x/5",
"D)60x"
] | B | x=y/3600
y = 3600x
Answer : B |
qasc_1848 | qasc | <ctx>
the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, dna and rna, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites. the term comes from the latin word meaning'small roo... | [
"water",
"mammals",
"ice",
"tigers"
] | D | |
openbookqa_1283 | openbookqa | <ctx>
by the sumerians, the ancient babylonians divided the sun's perceived motion across the sky over the course of one full day into 360 degrees. each degree was subdivided into 60 minutes and each minute into 60 seconds. thus, one babylonian degree was equal to four minutes in modern terminology, one babylonian minu... | [
"twelve",
"one",
"ten",
"two"
] | C | |
arc_challenge_965 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
forces between the particles are therefore very weak, except when they collide with one another. gases and plasmas thus not only flow ( and are therefore considered to be fluids ) but they are relatively easy to compress because there is much space and little force between the particles. when placed in an open co... | [
"Particles of a liquid are a slower and further apart.",
"Particles of a liquid are faster and farther apart.",
"Particles of a liquid are slower and closer together.",
"Particles of a liquid are faster and closer together."
] | C | |
aquarat_17546 | aquarat | <ctx>
##0 : [ ensure r ≥ s. ] [ ensure the smaller of the two numbers is in s and the larger in r ] : if r > s then the contents of l is the larger number so skip over the exchange - steps 4, 5 and 6 : goto step 7 else swap the contents of r and s. l ← r ( this first step is redundant, but is useful for later discussio... | [
"A)187",
"B)197",
"C)207",
"D)136"
] | D | Let 'N' is the smallest number which divided by 11 and 13 leaves respective remainders of 4 and 6.
Required number = (LCM of 11 and 13) - (common difference of divisors and remainders) = (143) - (7) = 136.
ANSWER:D |
pubmedqa_416 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
population health ( phac, 2003 ). health human resources are an integral part of health services and play a fundamental role in providing care ( phac, 2003 ). northern ontario school of medicine the northern ontario school of medicine ( nosm ) is a joint initiative of laurentian university, lakehead university an... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | C | |
qasc_2682 | qasc | <ctx>
in botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages like, leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds. the new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. in the spring, perennial plant shoots are the new growth that grows from th... | [
"grass",
"the sun",
"light",
"seeds"
] | C | |
medmcqa_4297 | medmcqa | <ctx>
discontinuity, or mismatch, somewhere along the length of the line results in part of the incident wave being reflected and part being transmitted onward in the second section of line as shown in figure 5. the reflection coefficient in this case is given by in a similar manner, a transmission coefficient,, can be... | [
"Atrial systole",
"Atrial diastole",
"Ventricular systale",
"Ventricular diastole"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atrial systole JUGULAR VENOUS PULSE.a waveIt is the positive presystolic wave produced by right atrial contraction.x descenta wave is followed by the negative systolic wave the x' descent.The x descent is produced due to atrial relaxation.The atrial relaxation is produced as a result of ventricular co... |
mmlu_aux_7290 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
measured and documented every week for four consecutive weeks. the main research objective was to determine the growth rate of plants exposed to eight hours of sunlight compared to those with only four hours. a total of 20 identical potted plants were used, with one group allocated to the " sunlight " condition a... | [
"oxygen",
"H2O",
"Fe",
"clouds"
] | B | null |
aquarat_15232 | aquarat | <ctx>
100, which immediately proves that 100 is not prime. every positive integer except 1 is divisible by at least one prime number by the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. therefore the algorithm need only search for prime divisors less than / equal to. for another example, consider how this algorithm determines the... | [
"A) II only",
"B) III only",
"C) III",
"D) IIII"
] | A | 1) 143 = 13*11 so we know it is not prime quickly eliminate all options having 1 as a choice
which leaves us with 2 ) and 3) as possible answers
From here on we find 147 = 3* 49 so we eliminate 147 which leaves us with 149 as the only possible solution
A |
medmcqa_3073 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the lower extremities ) is a well - established congenital anomaly associated with maternal diabetes mellitus. other causes are presumably involved, as demonstrated by the rare overall incidence of caudal regression syndrome ( 1 : 60, 000 ) compared to diabetes ; however, the condition does have a greatly increas... | [
"Proximal to Glans",
"Scrotum",
"Perineum",
"Mid penis"
] | A | Ans. (a) Proximal to GlansRef Page 1478, Bailey and Love 27th editionHypospadias:* Incidence- 1 in 200* MC congenital anomaly of urethra* External meatus opens on under side (Ventral surface)* Dorsal Hood and ventral chordee seen.* MC site of opening- proximal to the normal opening in Glans Penis (MC)* Others: Coronal,... |
openbookqa_2090 | openbookqa | <ctx>
driven grouse shooting is the shooting of the red grouse and a field sport in the united kingdom. the grouse - shooting season begins on 12 august, often called the " glorious twelfth ", ending on 10 december each year. driven grouse shooting entails grouse being driven ( i. e. encouraged and corralled by beaters... | [
"national park",
"sky",
"sea",
"forest"
] | D | |
medmcqa_1888 | medmcqa | <ctx>
constructed with peg ( polyethylene glycol ) studding the outside of the membrane. the peg coating, which is inert in the body, allows for longer circulatory life for the drug delivery mechanism. studies have also shown that pegylated liposomes elicit anti - igm antibodies, thus leading to an enhanced blood clear... | [
"Lesser nephrotoxicity",
"Lesser cost",
"Absense of infusional toxicity",
"Once a week administration"
] | A | Amphotericin B (AMB): It is obtained from Streptomyces nodosus. Chemistry and mechanism of action The polyenes possess a macrocyclic ring, one side of which has several conjugated double bonds and is highly lipophilic, while the other side is hydrophilic with many OH groups. A polaraminosugar and a carboxylic acid grou... |
arc_easy_1169 | arc_easy | <ctx>
##ton identification and discuss the different types of phytoplankton and zooplankton collected. ecology students learn information about the monterey bay sanctuary's characteristics and marine life and habitats. discussion includes the kelp forest, marine mammals, human influence on our marine habitat and relate... | [
"data",
"variables",
"a hypothesis",
"a conclusion"
] | A | |
pubmedqa_865 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
, in order to reduce cost. when considering children modularity of angle and height is important because of their average growth of 1. 9 cm annually. foot providing contact to the ground, the foot provides shock absorption and stability during stance. additionally it influences gait biomechanics by its shape and ... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
arc_challenge_130 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
post ) 1587. the same inductive mechanism is applied in archaeology, geology and paleontology, by many ways. for example, in a stratum presenting difficulties or ambiguities to absolute dating, paleopalynology can be used as a relative referent by means of the study of the pollens found in the stratum. this is ad... | [
"It helps her develop better procedures.",
"It improves the accuracy of the results.",
"She wants all the results to be different.",
"She has more than one hypothesis to prove."
] | B | |
openbookqa_1920 | openbookqa | <ctx>
in the same - different discrimination task. two arrays of items were presented simultaneously in which the two sets of items were either identical or different from one another. pigeons were required to distinguish between the two arrays of items in which the level of difficulty was varied. pigeons were provided... | [
"hearing",
"smell",
"eyesight",
"nose"
] | C | |
aquarat_12836 | aquarat | <ctx>
181, 197, 211, 227, 269, 293, 317, 347, 349, 373, 379, 389, 419, 421, 443, 461, 467, 491,... }. it has 38 elements smaller than 500 and there are 95 primes smaller than 500. the ratio ( which conjecturally tends to cartin ) is 38 / 95 = 2 / 5 = 0. 4. partial results in 1967, christopher hooley published a conditi... | [
"A)Can't be determined",
"B)40",
"C)27",
"D)24"
] | B | Explanation:
Let the present ages of Sameer and Anand be 5x years and 4x years respectively.
Then, (5x+5)/(4x+5)=11/9
⇒ 45x + 45 = 44x + 55⇒ 9(5x + 5) = 11(4x + 5)
⇒ 45x - 44x = 55 - 45
⇒ x = 10.
Anand's present age = 4x = 40 years.
Answer: B |
arc_easy_1000 | arc_easy | <ctx>
the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, dna and rna, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites. the term comes from the latin word meaning'small roo... | [
"cell wall",
"nucleus",
"chloroplast",
"mitochondrion"
] | A | |
medmcqa_5779 | medmcqa | <ctx>
have beneficial effects on health, depending on the perception of the marital relationship. low - quality marital relationships can have negative effects on physical health. thus, unfortunate marriages might be more associated with morbidity and mortality. moreover, some physiological responses such as elevations... | [
"Political science",
"Social Psychalogy",
"Social Pathology",
"Social Sciences"
] | C | |
aquarat_20550 | aquarat | <ctx>
residence time is shorter. in hydrology, residence times can be estimated in two ways. the more common method relies on the principle of conservation of mass ( water balance ) and assumes the amount of water in a given reservoir is roughly constant. with this method, residence times are estimated by dividing the ... | [
"A)260",
"B)280",
"C)325",
"D)340"
] | D | Let total capacity be x
we know 200 = 0.40x
x = 200/0.40 = 500
Prior to storm, we had 160 bn gallons
500-160 = 340
Answer : D |
qasc_2721 | qasc | <ctx>
the lamp black coating of the rotating cylinder. by adjusting the rotation speed of the cylinder, they could record the position of the styli in less than one complete rotation. the trajectories were transferred to a graph by rolling the cylinder on a piece of damp blotter paper. the mark left by a stylus appeare... | [
"sound",
"snap in half",
"electromagnetic",
"energy"
] | A | |
medmcqa_1560 | medmcqa | <ctx>
. focus on distant objects when the eye focuses on distant objects, the lens holds itself in a flattened shape due to traction from the suspensory ligaments. ligaments pull the edges of the elastic lens capsule towards the surrounding ciliary body and by opposing the internal pressure within the elastic lens, kee... | [
"Extorsion",
"Intorsion",
"Elevation",
"Depression"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Elevation There are six extraocular muscles in each eye.MusclePrimary ActionSecondary ActionSuperior rectusElevationAdduction and intorsionInferior rectusDepressionAdduction and extorsionMedial rectusAdduction Lateral rectusAbduction Superior obliqueIntorsionAbduction and depressionInferior obliqueExt... |
medmcqa_1139 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in general due to the fact that he would shake and sweat noticeably during them. falkow described his struggle with his mental health as an " uneasy truce " with his " demons " later on in his career as he learned various coping mechanisms. because of his anxiety during public speaking, he often employed humor in... | [
"Mononucleosis",
"S. aureus",
"Normal pharyngeal flora",
"Group A streptococci"
] | C | Odynophagia is a sensation of sharp retrosternal pain on swallowing. It is usually caused by severe erosive conditions such as Candida, herpes virus, and corrosive injury following caustic ingestion. |
aquarat_30770 | aquarat | <ctx>
since in order to get better than 3 / 4 approximation, we must take, and then the number of variables is more than. they also present algorithms for the online version of the problem. in the online setting, it is not possible to get an asymptotic worst - case approximation factor better than 1 / 2. however, there... | [
"A)9:19",
"B)9:13",
"C)9:16",
"D)9:12"
] | C | 32: 42 = 9:16
Answer: C |
aquarat_23555 | aquarat | <ctx>
of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ... | [
"A)299",
"B)666",
"C)878",
"D)1000"
] | D | (x*5*1)/100 + [(1500 - x)*6*1]/100 = 80
5x/100 + 90 – 6x/100 = 80
x/100 = 10
=> x = 1000
Answer:D |
openbookqa_1948 | openbookqa | <ctx>
maximum limit, then the graph shows logistic growth. fisheries and wildlife management in fisheries and wildlife management, population is affected by three dynamic rate functions. natality or birth rate, often recruitment, which means reaching a certain size or reproductive stage. usually refers to the age a fis... | [
"go down",
"phone number",
"atomic number",
"egg shell number"
] | A | |
arc_easy_1569 | arc_easy | <ctx>
1. 30 103 l how sciences interconnect greenhouse gases and climate change the thin skin of our atmosphere keeps the earth from being an ice planet and makes it habitable. in fact, this is due to less than 0. 5 % of the air molecules. of the energy from the sun that reaches the earth, almost is reflected back into... | [
"argon",
"nitrogen",
"nitrous oxide",
"carbon dioxide"
] | B | |
openbookqa_1059 | openbookqa | <ctx>
a flood is an overflow of water ( or rarely other fluids ) that submerges land that is usually dry. in the sense of " flowing water ", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering an... | [
"screams",
"flies",
"sinks",
"relocates"
] | D | |
medmcqa_8805 | medmcqa | <ctx>
these include a thickening of the basement membrane, a widening of the slit membranes of the podocytes, an increase in the number of mesangial cells, and an increase in mesangial matrix. this matrix invades the glomerular capillaries and produces deposits called kimmelstiel - wilson nodules. the mesangial cells a... | [
"Bright red cells",
"20% dysmorphic RBC's",
"100RBC per high power field",
"Beta 2 micro globulin"
] | B | Glomerular injury is characterised by the presence of RBC casts & dysmorphic erythrocytes in urine microscopy. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 292 |
aquarat_21219 | aquarat | <ctx>
price and purchased for price, is the number of units stocked, and is the expectation operator. the solution to the optimal stocking quantity of the newsvendor which maximizes expected profit is : where denotes the generalized inverse cumulative distribution function of. intuitively, this ratio, referred to as th... | [
"A)Rs. 13,500",
"B)Rs. 2,500",
"C)Rs. 17,500",
"D)Rs. 18,500"
] | C | Let’s assume John bought the laptop for Rs. 100,
He then sells it to Mark for Rs. 80,
Who consequently sells it to Kevin for Rs. 100,
Then, Kevin sells it back to Mark for Rs. 90 (Rs.4.50 for every Rs. 5 that he had paid initially), so he suffers a loss of Rs. 10,
Therefore, for Rs 100 there is a loss of Rs. 10,
Then f... |
aquarat_25653 | aquarat | <ctx>
2. 5 • motion equations for constant acceleration in one dimension 63 discussion if we convert 402 m to miles, we find that the distance covered is very close to one quarter of a mile, the standard distance for drag racing. so the answer is reasonable. this is an impressive displacement in only 5. 56 s, but top -... | [
"A)300 kmph",
"B)720 kmph",
"C)700 kmph",
"D)450 kmph"
] | B | distance=(240*5) = 1200 km
speed=dist/time
req speed = 1200/(5/3)=>720km/hr
ANSWER B |
arc_challenge_441 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
community dna sample? additionally, the classification of genetic material from feces is problematic and often referred to as edna. differentiation between the two is important as community dna indicates organismal presence at a particular time and place, while edna may have come from a different location, from p... | [
"fossil record",
"gene splicing",
"selective breeding",
"gel electrophoresis"
] | D | |
openbookqa_2285 | openbookqa | <ctx>
; release ; stretch out ; extend " ) or " contract and expand " ( mi " snug ; condense ; squeezed together " and shu " stretch ; spread out ; expand ; unfold " ), with coiling / contracting referring to exhalation and uncoiling / expanding to inhalation ( roth 1991 : 619 ). for all [ to practice ] this way : you ... | [
"jump into volcanoes",
"hit something",
"fly",
"take in air"
] | D | |
qasc_3866 | qasc | <ctx>
genetics twin studies have estimated that approximately 20 - 30 % of the variation in human lifespan can be related to genetics, with the rest due to individual behaviors and environmental factors which can be modified. although over 200 gene variants have been associated with longevity according to a us - belgia... | [
"hormones",
"radiation",
"Smoking",
"fat"
] | A | |
arc_challenge_336 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
##pin ( batagur baska ) in the setiu river, terengganu. pp. 122 – 126, “ proceedings of kustem ’ s 3rd annual seminar on sustainability science and management. ” 4 – 5 may 2004, terengganu, malaysia. 637pp. kolej universiti sains dan teknologi malaysia. chan e. h. & liew, h. c. 2002. raising funds and public awar... | [
"a learned behavior.",
"an instinctive behavior.",
"a response to crowding.",
"an escape from predators."
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_3527 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
34. 3 1520 34 • frontiers of physics access for free at openstax. org figure 34. 18 evidence for dark matter : ( a ) we can measure the velocities of stars relative to their galaxies by observing the doppler shift in emitted light, usually using the hydrogen spectrum. these measurements indicate the rotation of a... | [
"7.5 kg; 45 kg",
"30 kg; 45 kg",
"45 kg; 7.5 kg",
"5 kg; 30 kg"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_8233 | medmcqa | <ctx>
( from figure 19. 25 ) is one of many complexes used as pigments or dyes. this complex is used in blue ink, blue jeans, and certain blue paints. the structure of heme ( figure 19. 29 ), the iron - containing complex in hemoglobin, is very similar to that in chlorophyll. in hemoglobin, the red heme complex is bond... | [
"O2",
"CO2",
"SO2",
"NO"
] | C | Ans: c (SO2) Ref.Ganong 22nd ed/p.667.Hb does not bind to SO2.Functions of Hb:-It facilitates 02 transportIt facilitates C02 transportIt has an important role as a bufferIt transports NO.Hemoglobin binds NO in the lungs and releases it in the tissues, where it promotes vasodilation.In arterial blood,Total volume of C02... |
medmcqa_8132 | medmcqa | <ctx>
activating a proper working stroke on the teeth. first, a modified pen grasp position must be achieved before starting periodontal instrumentation ; this position involves the thumb and the index finger placed on the instrument handle, the middle finger resting on the shank, and the little finger neutral and rela... | [
"File",
"Broach",
"Reamers",
"Spreaders"
] | B | |
medmcqa_1265 | medmcqa | <ctx>
western reserve university school of medicine. outside of the lab, eng acted as the primary genetics consultant to the discovery health channel documentary " curse of the elephant man ", which traced the genetic causes of joseph merrick's disfiguring disorder. research eng ’ s research has been acknowledged as th... | [
"Stomach",
"Breast",
"Liver",
"Pancreas"
] | A | Krukenberg tumor is a distinctive bilateral tumor metastatic to the ovaries by the transcoelomic spread. The tumor is generally secondary to a gastric carcinoma but other primary sites where mucinous carcinomas occur (e.g. colon, appendix, and breast) may also produce Krukenberg tumor in the ovary. Rarely, a tumor havi... |
medmcqa_6662 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##ute period ( 2 – 6 weeks ), and delayed postpartum period ( last up to 6 months ). this delineation of the postpartum period is based on modern western medicine, and is not specific to nepal. over two - thirds of births occur at home in nepal and they go through the postpartum period at home as well. however, w... | [
"Vaginitis",
"Endometritis",
"Parametritis",
"Salpingitis"
] | B | Most women with fever in the postpaum period have endometritis. Urinary tract infection is the next most common infection. caesarean section is easily the most common identifiable risk factor for development of puerperal infection. Fever and a soft, tender uterus are the most prominent signs of endometritis. Risk facto... |
medmcqa_9450 | medmcqa | <ctx>
vaccine with a second dose of either mrna vaccine. two weeks later, they changed their recommendations to suggest that a second dose of one of the mrna vaccines after a first shot of astrazeneca is " preferred ", due to new evidence that seems to demonstrate an improved immune response on a mixed vaccine schedule... | [
"Every year",
"Every 2 year",
"Every 3 year",
"Every 4 year"
] | C | The injectable typhoid vaccine ViPS is a single dose vaccine which requires booster doses every 3 year. Ty21a vaccine is the oral typhoid vaccine. 3 doses are taken on day 1,3 and 5. It is effective for up to 7 years after last dose. It is recommended in people travelling to endemic areas and during out breaks. Ref: Pa... |
qasc_1422 | qasc | <ctx>
##osphorelay type. for example, in the yeast candida albicans, genes found in the nuclear genome likely originated from endosymbiosis and remain targeted to the mitochondria. two - component systems are well - integrated into developmental signaling pathways in plants, but the genes probably originated from later... | [
"harm them",
"sweating",
"Growth",
"illness"
] | C | |
openbookqa_344 | openbookqa | <ctx>
high reflectance. possible origin of ice mercury is not unique in having craters that stand in permanent shadow ; at the south pole of earth's moon there is a large crater ( aitken ) where some possible signs of the presence of ice have been seen ( although their interpretation is disputed ). it is thought by ast... | [
"sunlight",
"thunder",
"space stones",
"digging"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_3277 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
and entertainment. during training humans communicate their wishes with positive or negative reinforcement. after training is finished the human communicates by giving signals with words, whistles, gestures, body language, etc. apopo has trained southern giant pouched rats to communicate to humans the presence of... | [
"Milly invented the gesture when she was 15.",
"Mandrills are best known for their social ability.",
"Why Milly first used the sign language is known to experts.",
"Only the mandrills in Colchester Zoo use the gesture."
] | D | null |
aquarat_15182 | aquarat | <ctx>
cannibalism in poultry is the act of one individual of a poultry species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. it commonly occurs in flocks of domestic hens reared for egg production, although it can also occur in domestic turkeys, pheasants and other poultry species. poultry cr... | [
"A)8",
"B)7",
"C)10",
"D)12"
] | A | Let the number of cows be x and their legs be 4x.
Let the number of chicken be y and their legs be 2x.
Total number of legs = 4x + 2y.
Total number of heads = x + y.
The number of legs was 16 more than twice the number of heads.
Therefore, 2 × (x + y) + 16 = 4x + 2y.
or, 2x + 2y + 16 = 4x + 2y.
or, 2x + 16 = 4x [subtra... |
aquarat_32278 | aquarat | <ctx>
| | 30 | | 36 | | 32 | | 48 | | 20 | | 66 | | 32 | | 44 | | 24 | -! 70 | 70 | | 24 | | 72 | | 36 | | 40 | | 36 | | 60 | | 24 | | 78 | | 32 | -! 80 | 54 | | 40 | | 82 | | 24 | | 64 | | 42 | | 56 | | 40 | | 88 | | 24 | -! 90 | 72 | | 44 | | 60 | | 46 | | 72 | | 32 | | 96 | | 42 | | 60 | | 40 | } in the graph at rig... | [
"A) 10",
"B) 12",
"C) 14",
"D) 16"
] | C | Answer is C.
numbers in format of 3^k in the series from 1 to 30 inclusive t are: 3*1, 3*2, 3*3, 3*4, 3*5, 3*3*2, 3*7, 3*8, 3*3*3, 3*10. Total number of 3 = 13. So k=14. |
qasc_1698 | qasc | <ctx>
sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at earth's surface, followed by cementation. sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place. the particles that form a sedimentary rock are called... | [
"soft soil",
"barrel-shaped",
"rivers",
"Limestone"
] | D | |
openbookqa_731 | openbookqa | <ctx>
. turbo - trainer a trainer that provided resistance when peddling a bike, fixed in place. often resistance is provided by a fan assembly or a magnet. see bicycle trainer. turn a turn is a rider sharing the workload on a pace line. in a breakaway, the riders expect to share the work equally in " turns ". a rider ... | [
"dolphins",
"dogs",
"possessors of thumbs",
"emus"
] | C | |
aquarat_35278 | aquarat | <ctx>
13. 2 • thermal expansion of solids and liquids 543 solution ( a ) the change in volume is proportional to the original volume. block a has a volume of. block b has a volume of which is 4 times that of block a. thus the change in volume of block b should be 4 times the change in volume of block a. ( b ) the chang... | [
"A)75%",
"B)25%",
"C)10%",
"D)45%"
] | D | Let length of each side of square A be 10
Area of A = 10^2 = 100
Since , length of each side of square A is increased by 100 percent to make square B
length of each side of square B = 2*10 = 20
Area of B = 20^2 = 400
Since , length of the side of square B is increased by 25 percent to make square C
length of each side ... |
aquarat_23799 | aquarat | <ctx>
digested, reducing the volume of solids. the liquid component flows through the dividing wall into the second chamber, where further settlement takes place. the excess liquid, now in a generally clear condition, then drains from the outlet into the septic drain field, also referred to as a leach field, drain fiel... | [
"A)7580",
"B)7960",
"C)8290",
"D)1440"
] | D | Solution
Work done by the inlet in 1 hour = (1/3 - 1/12)
= 1/4
Work done by the inlet in 1 min. = (1/4 × 1/60)
= 0.004167
Volume of 0.004167 part = 6 litres.
Therefore, Volume of whole = 0.004167 x 6
‹=› 1440 litres.
Answer D |
medmcqa_6675 | medmcqa | <ctx>
proteins fold. their finding showed hsp60 - mediated protein folding is dependent on energy. hartl continued studying chaperones and protein folding after moving to the memorial sloan kettering cancer center, focusing on the mechanism by which chaperones helping other proteins fold. he turned to the e. coli count... | [
"Cause folding of proteins",
"Are lipid in nature",
"May have ATPase activity",
"Include heat shock proteins"
] | B | chaperones are proteins that assist the covalent folding or unfolding and the assembly or disassembly of other macromolecular structures. Chaperones are present when the macromolecules perform their normal biological functions and have correctly completed the processes of folding and/or assembly. The chaperones are con... |
aquarat_27773 | aquarat | <ctx>
of stay is an example of real - world data that can be modelled well with a negative binomial distribution via negative binomial regression. selling candy pat collis is required to sell candy bars to raise money for the 6th grade field trip. pat is ( somewhat harshly ) not supposed to return home until five candy... | [
"A)23%",
"B)1.2%",
"C)13.14%",
"D)34.1%"
] | C | C
C.P. of 1 toy = 350/12 = Rs. 29.16
S.P of 1 toy = Rs. 33
Profit = 3.83/31.25 * 100 = 13.14% |
medmcqa_7681 | medmcqa | <ctx>
18. 9 • occurrence, preparation, and compounds of oxygen 899 oxyhydrogen and oxyacetylene torches. liquid oxygen is important to the space industry. it is an oxidizing agent in rocket engines. it is also the source of gaseous oxygen for life support in space. as we know, oxygen is very important to life. the ener... | [
"Cardiac output",
"Type of fluid administered",
"Hemoglobin concentration",
"Affinity of hemoglobin for O2"
] | B | The fundamental purpose of the cardiorespiratory system is to deliver O2 and nutrients to cells and to remove CO2 and other metabolic products from them. Proper maintenance of this function depends not only on intact cardiovascular (cardiac output) and respiratory systems but also on an adequate number of red blood cel... |
mmlu_aux_1847 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, based on thermal response of the landing site measured by satellites currently orbiting mars. the mars reconnaissance orbiter also helps this cause in the sense that its cameras can see rocks larger than 0. 5 m in diameter. along with the possibility of the lander tipping over on sloped surfaces, large topograp... | [
"rebirth",
"death",
"energy",
"hope"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_6544 | medmcqa | <ctx>
services, the fda approved the distribution of mifepristone via mail. in states where abortion is banned or restricted, women are able to obtain pills through ordering from overseas online pharmacies, purchasing from pharmacies in mexico, from services such as aid access, or through a network of u. s. - mexico bo... | [
"Trovafloxacin",
"Gatifloxacin",
"Gemifloxacin",
"Grepafloxacin"
] | C | Except for Gemifloxacin, all others have been withdrawnTrovafloxacin due to hepatotoxicityGatifloxacin due to hypo/hyperglycemiaGrepafloxacin due to adverse cardiac events |
arc_easy_1845 | arc_easy | <ctx>
. each specimen has data associated with it, and the amount of data available is usually directly correlated with the specimen's scientific value. most specimens are of little value for research without accompanying information, such as the time and place the bird was found or collected. this and other important ... | [
"The bird lived for a very short time.",
"The bird lived in a dry environment.",
"The bird existed at one time but is now extinct.",
"The bird was not well preserved during the process of fossilization."
] | C | |
openbookqa_3015 | openbookqa | <ctx>
field include the probabilistic approach, hypothetico - deductivism and the positive - instance approach. probabilistic approaches, also referred to as bayesian confirmation theory, explain the evidential relation in terms of probabilities. they hold that all that is necessary is that the existence of the evidenc... | [
"sharks eat seaweed",
"cats eat grass",
"dogs eat light",
"ospreys eat perch"
] | D | |
openbookqa_689 | openbookqa | <ctx>
form very many complex stable molecules, and because most of its compounds are water - insoluble and because silicon dioxide is a hard and abrasive solid in contrast to carbon dioxide at temperatures associated with living things, it would be more difficult for organisms to extract. the elements boron and phospho... | [
"need money",
"need Pu",
"need H2O",
"need hunting skills"
] | C | |
aquarat_43332 | aquarat | <ctx>
mixed text and graphics, like dot - matrix printers, but at quality levels formerly available only from commercial typesetting systems. by 1990, most simple printing tasks like fliers and brochures were now created on personal computers and then laser printed ; expensive offset printing systems were being dumped ... | [
"A)15 minutes",
"B)20 minutes",
"C)25 minutes",
"D)30 minutes"
] | B | Total work done by both machines in a minute = 30 + 15 = 45 copies
Total number of copies required = 900
Time = 900/45 = 20 mins
Answer B |
openbookqa_3283 | openbookqa | <ctx>
17. 6 hearing learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • define hearing, pitch, loudness, timbre, note, tone, phon, ultrasound, and infrasound. • compare loudness to frequency and intensity of a sound. • identify structures of the inner ear and explain how they relate to sound percept... | [
"a cello",
"taste testing",
"a silent movie",
"a comic book"
] | A | |
aquarat_6046 | aquarat | <ctx>
of leaves at that height can't exceed as the number of leaves at the height in a perfect tree. thus. in a non - empty binary tree, if is the total number of nodes and is the total number of edges, then. this is obvious because each node requires one edge except for the root node. the number of null links ( i. e.,... | [
"A)a) 41",
"B)b) 38",
"C)c) 35",
"D)d) 29"
] | C | The answer shud be 38.
(50 - 3 - 4 - 5 =38)
Yes, if you go the 50 - 3 way, then it will be 38. If instead you go the 50 - 4 way (which they have suggested), the answer will be 35. As I said, there is ambiguity here.answer is C |
openbookqa_2000 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the elevation of a geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface ( see geodetic datum § vertical datum ). the term elevation is mainly used when referring to points ... | [
"the sandy river bank",
"a long river channel",
"a cooled lava top",
"a lush green valley"
] | C | |
medmcqa_8867 | medmcqa | <ctx>
nocodazole is an antineoplastic agent which exerts its effect in cells by interfering with the polymerization of microtubules. microtubules are one type of fibre which constitutes the cytoskeleton, and the dynamic microtubule network has several important roles in the cell, including vesicular transport, forming ... | [
"Busulfan",
"5-fu",
"Vinca Alkaloids",
"Methotrexate"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vinca alkaloids M-phase inhibitors (Mitosis inhibitors) are vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, docetaxel ixabepilone and extramustine. |
qasc_6411 | qasc | <ctx>
in botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages like, leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds. the new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. in the spring, perennial plant shoots are the new growth that grows from th... | [
"blood vessels",
"permineralization",
"Conifers",
"color of leaves"
] | A | |
mmlu_aux_1898 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
33. 6 1476 33 • particle physics access for free at openstax. org figure 33. 12 p. a. m. dirac ’ s theory of relativistic quantum mechanics not only explained a great deal of what was known, it also predicted antimatter. ( credit : cambridge university, cavendish laboratory ) matter and antimatter the positron wa... | [
"how antimatter was discovered",
"the properties of antimatter",
"where does antimatter come from",
"what antimatter is and its potential application"
] | D | null |
aquarat_14688 | aquarat | <ctx>
1. 4 • area and arc length in polar coordinates 55 figure 1. 39 a partition of a typical curve in polar coordinates. the line segments are connected by arcs of constant radius. this defines sectors whose areas can be calculated by using a geometric formula. the area of each sector is then used to approximate the ... | [
"A)52.6",
"B)52.9",
"C)52.8",
"D)52.1"
] | C | 42/360 * 22/7 * 12 * 12 = 52.8 m2
Answer: C |
medmcqa_1001 | medmcqa | <ctx>
large group of equivalent individuals should be studied, in order to establish separate positive and negative predictive values for use of the test in such individuals. bayesian updating bayes'theorem confers inherent limitations on the accuracy of screening tests as a function of disease prevalence or pre - test... | [
"Glycogen",
"Lipids",
"Fungal cell wall",
"Basement membrane of bacteria"
] | D | Ans-DThe basement membrane of bacteria |
aquarat_1149 | aquarat | <ctx>
suggests that the majority of people adopt an understanding of gardner's problem that if they were consistent would lead them to the probability answer but overwhelmingly people intuitively arrive at the probability answer. ambiguity notwithstanding, this makes the problem of interest to psychological researchers... | [
"A)2 people",
"B)6",
"C)14",
"D)16"
] | A | FIRST OFFUnderstand what you are trying to find - In this case, you are trying to find how many people rank Vanilla first. For someone to rank Vanilla first, they have to rank them before Chocolate or Strawberry. This should be the very first hint that the correct answer cannot be bigger than 1/10 * 60 = 6.
So if you a... |
qasc_804 | qasc | <ctx>
day aspects of this type of deep - rooted social isolation can mean : staying home for an indefinite period of time due to lack of access to social situations rather than a desire to be alone ; both not contacting, and not being contacted by, any acquaintances, even peripherally ; for example, never being called ... | [
"carbon dioxide",
"oxygen",
"h2o",
"H20"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_1949 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##a primatologica, found that : this is, without a doubt, a very significant and important contribution to the on - going discussion about the determinants of sociality in humans as well as in other animals... a painstaking analysis of inclusive fitness, attachment theory and non - human primate social relationsh... | [
"Old Trees Communicate Like Humans",
"Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection",
"Trees Are More Awesome Thart You Think",
"Trees Contribute To Our Society"
] | C | null |
medmcqa_1550 | medmcqa | <ctx>
diagnosis of lung cancer, computed tomography with special three - dimensional cad systems are established and considered as appropriate second opinions. at this a volumetric dataset with up to 3, 000 single images is prepared and analyzed. round lesions ( lung cancer, metastases and benign changes ) from 1 mm ar... | [
"Appendectomy",
"Segmental ileal resection",
"Cecectomy",
"Right hemicolectomy"
] | D | Carcinoid tumors are most commonly found in the appendix and small bowel, where they may be multiple. They have a tendency to metastasize, which varies with the size of the tumor. Tumors <1 cm uncommonly metastasize. Tumors >2.0 cm are more often found to be metastatic. Metastasis to the liver and beyond may give rise ... |
mmlu_aux_5190 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
. haldane, large animals do not look like small animals : an elephant cannot be mistaken for a mouse scaled up in size. this is due to allometric scaling : the bones of an elephant are necessarily proportionately much larger than the bones of a mouse, because they must carry proportionately higher weight. haldane... | [
"5. 5 meters long",
"5. 5 meters tall",
"1. 9 meters long",
"1. 9 meters tall"
] | D | null |
aquarat_43326 | aquarat | <ctx>
later in the form of rain. turnover time if the flow is steady and conservative, the mean residence time equals the ratio between the amount of fluid contained in the control volume and the flow rate through it : this ratio is commonly known as the turnover time or flushing time. when applied to liquids, it is al... | [
"A)22:00",
"B)20:00",
"C)21:00",
"D)18:00"
] | B | Pipe A fills the pool in 4 hrs.
1 hour's work : 1/4
Pipe B empties the pool in 6 hrs.
1 hour's work : 1/6
Together if they work, 1 hour's work = 1/4 -1/6 = 1/12
Given : Pipe A started at 10:00 a.m and Pipe B at 11:00 a.m
Pool filled after 1 hour by Pipe A : 1/4 or 3/12
After 11:00 a.m
Pool filled after 1 hour with both... |
qasc_213 | qasc | <ctx>
##dine is an essential trace element in our diet ; it is needed to produce thyroid hormone. insufficient iodine in the diet can lead to the development of a goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland ( figure 2. 12 ). 72 2 • atoms, molecules, and ions access for free at openstax. org figure 2. 12 ( a ) insuffici... | [
"TRH",
"Urea",
"CO 2",
"PDAs"
] | A | |
medmcqa_9703 | medmcqa | <ctx>
other disorders, like conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder or are not related to attachment difficulties. it is largely based on the earlier attachment disorder symptom checklist which itself shows considerable overlap with even earlier checklists for indicators of sexual abuse. the attachment disor... | [
"Drug abuse",
"Toxin-mediated neuropsychiatric",
"Illness caused by care giver",
"All of the above"
] | C | Munchausen's syndrome by proxy is a form of child abuse in which a patent, usually the mother, or a caretaker repeatedly fabricates or actually inflicts injury or illness in a child for whom medical intervention is then sought, often in an emergency setting. |
medmcqa_3552 | medmcqa | <ctx>
podiatry ( ), or podiatric medicine ( ), also known as chiropody, is a branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the foot, and ankle. the healthcare professional is known as a podiatrist. the us podiatric medical school curriculum includes lower extremity anatomy, general h... | [
"Lisfranc and Pirogoff",
"Lisfranc and Chopart",
"Chopart and Lisfranc",
"Chopart and Pirogoff"
] | B | |
medmcqa_8191 | medmcqa | <ctx>
curvature singularity ; here, there is a mere coordinate singularity ( a circumstance which much confused einstein and rosen in 1937 ). in addition, there is a small sinusoidal modulation of the expansion and recollapse. optical effects a general principle concerning plane waves states that one cannot see the wav... | [
"Red cells infection by CMV",
"Red cell agglutination by all blood group sera",
"Hemolysis of transfused blood",
"Due to B antigen"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Red cell agglutination by all blood group sera Thomsen-Freidenreich Phenomenono Red cell suspensions contaminated with certain bacteria, e.g. pseudomonas aeruginosa, become aggluiinable by alt blood group sera and even by normal human sera,o This is known as Thomsen Friedenreich phenomenon and is due ... |
arc_easy_554 | arc_easy | <ctx>
in molecular biology, complementarity describes a relationship between two structures each following the lock - and - key principle. in nature complementarity is the base principle of dna replication and transcription as it is a property shared between two dna or rna sequences, such that when they are aligned ant... | [
"cytosine",
"thymine",
"guanine",
"uracil"
] | B | |
medmcqa_5659 | medmcqa | <ctx>
found in young children are early signs of anti - social behaviour. adults must intervene if they notice their children providing these behaviours. early detection is best in the preschool years and middle school years in best hopes of interrupting the trajectory of these negative patterns. these patterns in chil... | [
"Positive reinforcement",
"Punishment",
"School suspension",
"Strict parenting"
] | A | Positive reinforcement of promoting desirable behaviours through rewards is the most significant component of the program used to deal with ODD. |
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