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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
b5330670e25c491471ca00ca5bcf4f06b44112aa	many plant expression vectors are based on the	many plant expression vectors are based on the ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens. in these expression vectors, dna to be inserted into plant is cloned into the t-dna, a stretch of dna flanked by a 25-bp direct repeat sequence at either end, and which can integrate into the plant genome. the t-dna also contains th...	wikipedia
236472b1474dcea5f401c0d06341e950e0e967c0	baculovirus is normally used for production of glycoproteins,	baculovirus is normally used for production of glycoproteins, although the glycosylations may be different from those found in vertebrates. in general, it is safer to use than mammalian virus as it has a limited host range and does not infect vertebrates without modifications.	wikipedia
aa475317dc5a6bb4374435407c58e8a86a9677b1	baculovirus, a rod-shaped virus which infects insect cells,	baculovirus, a rod-shaped virus which infects insect cells, is used as the expression vector in this system. insect cell lines derived from lepidopterans (moths and butterflies), such as spodoptera frugiperda, are used as host. a cell line derived from the cabbage looper is of particular interest, as it has been develo...	wikipedia
eb959f311b90aa45cb3c3803fe3febe959729210	saccharomyces cerevisiae is particularly widely used for gene	saccharomyces cerevisiae is particularly widely used for gene expression studies in yeast, for example in yeast two-hybrid system for the study of protein-protein interaction. the vectors used in yeast two-hybrid system contain fusion partners for two cloned genes that allow the transcription of a reporter gene when th...	wikipedia
7c6f7afd82b9dfa029eb3cfa046b23fc338ed81b	a yeast commonly used for protein production is	a yeast commonly used for protein production is pichia pastoris. examples of yeast expression vector in pichia are the ppic series of vectors, and these vectors use the aox1 promoter which is inducible with methanol. the plasmids may contain elements for insertion of foreign dna into the yeast genome and signal sequenc...	wikipedia
8685bc0be32da4b6b9a152328cd5dbb707a20420	it is possible to simultaneously express two or	it is possible to simultaneously express two or more different proteins in e. coli using different plasmids. however, when 2 or more plasmids are used, each plasmid needs to use a different antibiotic selection as well as a different origin of replication, otherwise one of the plasmids may not be stably maintained. man...	wikipedia
cb1afe7f7465db64183ca6a146af4039e6905fca	examples of e. coli expression vectors are the	examples of e. coli expression vectors are the pgex series of vectors where glutathione s-transferase is used as a fusion partner and gene expression is under the control of the tac promoter, and the pet series of vectors which uses a t7 promoter.	wikipedia
47aaa47b57e35dc6f589688c55852c2118c68a27	the promoters used for these vector are usually	the promoters used for these vector are usually based on the promoter of the lac operon or the t7 promoter, and they are normally regulated by the lac operator. these promoters may also be hybrids of different promoters, for example, the tac-promoter is a hybrid of trp and lac promoters. note that most commonly used la...	wikipedia
e14a91811a4aa11bc62eba6c9065ff3552966b25	most heterologous proteins are expressed in the cytoplasm	most heterologous proteins are expressed in the cytoplasm of e. coli. however, not all proteins formed may be soluble in the cytoplasm, and incorrectly folded proteins formed in cytoplasm can form insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies. such insoluble proteins will require refolding, which can be an involved proc...	wikipedia
029b11f966a668f485892d6ebbafd0e2cbb217c0	the expression host of choice for the expression	the expression host of choice for the expression of many proteins is escherichia coli as the production of heterologous protein in e. coli is relatively simple and convenient, as well as being rapid and cheap. a large number of e. coli expression plasmids are also available for a wide variety of needs. other bacteria u...	wikipedia
827d2e4ca011bd10d509384f068ded95f51c20fc	different organisms may be used to express a	different organisms may be used to express a gene's target protein, and the expression vector used will therefore have elements specific for use in the particular organism. the most commonly used organism for protein production is the bacterium escherichia coli. however, not all proteins can be successfully expressed i...	wikipedia
6819d1127af429c0c6c016782d3088ca12b38db6	the expression vector is transformed or transfected into	the expression vector is transformed or transfected into the host cell for protein synthesis. some expression vectors may have elements for transformation or the insertion of dna into the host chromosome, for example the vir genes for plant transformation, and integrase sites for chromosomal integration.	wikipedia
600daca143ddbb9f300fcfdb811bfeb47782e14d	after the expression of the gene product, it	after the expression of the gene product, it may be necessary to purify the expressed protein; however, separating the protein of interest from the great majority of proteins of the host cell can be a protracted process. to make this purification process easier, a purification tag may be added to the cloned gene. this ...	wikipedia
47cbfd67258ef1de8dff871c5970548c00e6a41a	the promoter initiates the transcription and is therefore	the promoter initiates the transcription and is therefore the point of control for the expression of the cloned gene. the promoters used in expression vector are normally inducible, meaning that protein synthesis is only initiated when required by the introduction of an inducer such as iptg. gene expression however may...	wikipedia
a35b0d67d52bb0e0ac0a7e365767722a8e9bec5f	an expression vector must have elements necessary for	an expression vector must have elements necessary for gene expression. these may include a promoter, the correct translation initiation sequence such as a ribosomal binding site and start codon, a termination codon, and a transcription termination sequence. there are differences in the machinery for protein synthesis b...	wikipedia
a36dc5640d265ea2523608b56b2298820c686735	an expression vector has features that any vector	an expression vector has features that any vector may have, such as an origin of replication, a selectable marker, and a suitable site for the insertion of a gene like the multiple cloning site. the cloned gene may be transferred from a specialized cloning vector to an expression vector, although it is possible to clon...	wikipedia
c77c43f7c5bc37d21f8c0e6238e33b5559a00ce1	the vector is engineered to contain regulatory sequences	the vector is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector. the goal of a well-designed expression vector is the efficient production of protein, and this may be achieved by the production of signifi...	wikipedia
ae525ab5a9e1197a9082646464e5fcf1c477d4fb	an expression vector, otherwise known as an expression	an expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for gene expression in cells. the vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene. expression ...	wikipedia
495cee4b8fa261e1bc1e103e907f9eec9f3855e6	brundrett retired from the ministry of defence in	brundrett retired from the ministry of defence in 1959 and was succeeded by sir solly zuckerman. he was a civil service commissioner from 1960 to 1967, chairman of the air traffic control board from 1959 to 1974 and chairman of the naval aircraft research committee of the aeronautical research council from 1960 to 1966...	wikipedia
47ede3e7f5a2cb2e70c23e5f855127116548f232	when sir charles wright retired in 1947, brundrett	when sir charles wright retired in 1947, brundrett succeeded him as the chief of the royal naval scientific service. he chose william cook as his director of physical research. the year 1947 also saw the formation of the defence research policy committee (drpc) to advise the minister of defence and the chiefs of staff ...	wikipedia
a19c0398b9ef44fc017b38965fdb13533734a869	brundrett remained at the royal naval signal school	brundrett remained at the royal naval signal school until 1937, when he was transferred to the headquarters of the royal naval scientific service in london as principal scientific officer in the department of scientific research and experiment (dsre). he became the superintending scientist in 1940, assistant director i...	wikipedia
28eeba95ac26921688014e12ada89720d8af2c06	brundrett joined the royal naval volunteer reserve to	brundrett joined the royal naval volunteer reserve to participate in world war i. he was slated for duty on patrol boats but came down with mumps and was held in isolation. it was discovered that he was a wrangler and he was reassigned to the wireless experimental department at hms vernon, where he spent the rest of th...	wikipedia
c6107cd2c0d4f148e38408609919fbd0f2cb8e3b	frederick brundrett was born in sunny bank, ebbw	frederick brundrett was born in sunny bank, ebbw vale, monmouthshire on 25 november 1894, the oldest child of the seven sons and three daughters of walter brundrett, an accountant who worked for the ebbw vale steel, iron and coal company, and his wife ada née richardson. he was educated at rossall school, a public scho...	wikipedia
4e2fe0f00abd3462862d4b17ed501384c1d35132	sir frederick brundrett, kcb kbe (25 november 1894	sir frederick brundrett, kcb kbe (25 november 1894 – 1 august 1974) was a british civil servant and mathematician who served as the chief scientific adviser to the ministry of defence from 1954 to 1959.	wikipedia
e0bf978f5d50fbc4843d09b84957545cd04239aa	following his retirement, gibson served as an assistant	following his retirement, gibson served as an assistant coach for the exiles rugby league team, leeds rhinos, welsh national team, and the dewsbury rams. while at the rhinos, he coached the club's under-18 and under-20 sides and was on the coaching staff for their 2011 super league grand final winning season.	wikipedia
a47c3a4d4c9ebbcf08b1534dca2b2bf5a5bccda5	in 2002, he joined the salford city reds,	in 2002, he joined the salford city reds, spending one season at the willows before moving to the castleford tigers in 2003, following the reds' relegation. he re-joined halifax in november 2004 after being released by the castleford tigers following their relegation from super league and went on to score 15 tries in 3...	wikipedia
c02e2ccfa95b6e43bbd2c1c36d233626d1f8dc69	in 1997, gibson joined the leeds rhinos in	in 1997, gibson joined the leeds rhinos in the super league, scoring three tries and being named their player of the year. he transferred to the halifax blue sox in 1998, where he spent the majority of his career. during his first stint with halifax, he scored 40 tries in 113 games. in june 1998, he made his internatio...	wikipedia
83c8a0af5d307be163af31c80874f92d22ce2785	after spending 1994 with the newcastle knights, where	after spending 1994 with the newcastle knights, where he represented the nsw city under-19 side, gibson signed with the newly established north queensland cowboys. in round 1 of the 1995 arl season, gibson made his first grade début as a 19-year-old in the north queensland cowboys first ever game. he scored the club's ...	wikipedia
2f5207bd22be4b0e1fa42ba9dcb17208c3a5e63a	energy principles in structural mechanics express the relationships	energy principles in structural mechanics express the relationships between stresses, strains or deformations, displacements, material properties, and external effects in the form of energy or work done by internal and external forces. since energy is a scalar quantity, these relationships provide convenient and altern...	wikipedia
2f5207bd22be4b0e1fa42ba9dcb17208c3a5e63a	energy principles in structural mechanics express the relationships	energy principles in structural mechanics express the relationships between stresses, strains or deformations, displacements, material properties, and external effects in the form of energy or work done by internal and external forces. since energy is a scalar quantity, these relationships provide convenient and altern...	wikipedia
f1dac01562271b26483d59bc283e9d6bfa888f7f	darrick carter is an american biochemist/biophysicist, inventor, and	darrick carter is an american biochemist/biophysicist, inventor, and entrepreneur. he is known for developing various therapeutics and vaccines, such as sarna covid-19 vaccine, influenza vaccine, and tuberculosis vaccine. currently, he is the ceo of compliment corporation, and pai life sciences incorporated, as well as...	wikipedia
34bb7ab9cfd241c6559112ebacb7d8f93f8364e4	carter helped discover the implications of insertional tagging,	carter helped discover the implications of insertional tagging, cloning, and expression of the toxoplasma gondii hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene as a selectable marker in the context of stable transformation. in early 2000s, he demonstrated protection against leishmania major in murine and ...	wikipedia
0879c80a03df360da81f56c4c21de2b30025cd80	in his role as tb project leader, carter's	in his role as tb project leader, carter's group moved the first recombinant tb subunit vaccine into human clinical trials and then transferred the technology to a large pharmaceutical manufacturer, gsk bio. the vaccine recently was shown to be the first new tb vaccine with significant efficacy. while working with gsk,...	wikipedia
234fda4d7cdc7efafe8df1ca530e1a2cb87a09f5	carter has worked on delivering healthcare solutions to	carter has worked on delivering healthcare solutions to developing countries. he helped produce a viable covid-19 vaccine, as well as co-inventing the lion technology to deliver sarna for use in industrialized and developing economies. this technology serves as the basis for the first sarna vaccine authorized for human...	wikipedia
ed9a422cb4e47fc3a3392e7116d21fb483904802	carter has contributed in the discovery and development	carter has contributed in the discovery and development of adjuvants, immune therapies, and vaccines. he has developed vaccines, diagnostics, adjuvants and immune-therapeutics and patented new ideas on antigens, vaccines, tlr agonists and their formulations.	wikipedia
58ba65f7601a2516f3887a365b4d58f0f2158cf4	in 2005 carter co-founded dharma therapeutics incorporated, a	in 2005 carter co-founded dharma therapeutics incorporated, a pharmaceutical firm focused in drug delivery. he then worked for this firm as the chief scientific officer (cso) prior to its japanese parent company going public in singapore. from 2007 until 2019, he held appointment as a vice president of adjuvant technol...	wikipedia
1a441a340d4b6161d1faf711b6fa463683d922d5	at the beginning of his career, carter worked	at the beginning of his career, carter worked at corixa corporation. in early 2000s carter founded proteinchemist.com, an online resource for protein chemists and others doing protein chemistry for the purpose of analysis and chromatography of proteins including modifications and spectroscopy. having served as a ceo of...	wikipedia
b6ae8285d3c00b6807c0697525341f467a22e375	carter graduated in 1993 with a bachelor's degree	carter graduated in 1993 with a bachelor's degree in biochemistry /biophysics from oregon state university. he then enrolled at oregon health sciences university, and earned his doctoral degree in biochemistry and molecular biology in 1997.	wikipedia
0e51d30b1411ad143e74db75c4bfbd3e4bc9b834	carter has published over 100 papers, and is	carter has published over 100 papers, and is the inventor over 180 patents and applications. he focuses his research work on the molecule drug and biologics production, development and commercial deployment. he is the scientific advisor for several vaccine and global health institutes, and serves on the board of dendri...	wikipedia
2f2f045fce6d91fedf307131b40b3af832711e2f	darrick carter is an american biochemist / biophysicist,	darrick carter is an american biochemist / biophysicist, inventor, and entrepreneur. he is known for developing various therapeutics and vaccines, such as sarna covid-19 vaccine, influenza vaccine, and tuberculosis vaccine. currently, he is the ceo of compliment corporation, and pai life sciences incorporated, as well ...	wikipedia