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33bd40bb04a611b47ff83fa5e74b83372c23eba8 | kepler-61b is a super-earth, an exoplanet with a | kepler-61b is a super-earth, an exoplanet with a radius and mass bigger than earth, but smaller than that of the ice giants neptune and uranus. it has an equilibrium temperature of 273 k (0 °c; 32 °f). it has a radius of 2.15 r. the mass of kepler-61b is 6.65 m. at 2.15 radius and with a 6.65 mass its density would com... | wikipedia |
390888051b4970822e34ac0759ebbf9631716166 | kepler-61b (also known by its kepler object of | kepler-61b (also known by its kepler object of interest designation koi-1361.01) is a super-earth exoplanet orbiting within parts of the habitable zone of the k-type main-sequence star kepler-61. it is located about 1,100 light-years (338 parsecs) from earth in the constellation of cygnus. it was discovered in 2013 usi... | wikipedia |
11719f2c2143b870cb2d30bd1668832a0f60a158 | kepler-62d is the third innermost and the largest | kepler-62d is the third innermost and the largest exoplanet discovered orbiting the star kepler-62, with a size roughly twice the diameter of earth. it was found using the transit method, in which the dimming that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. its stellar flux is 15 ± 2 times earth's. ... | wikipedia |
777092109d2d95bae5a829fb27d4d557ad2644c9 | in 2009, nasa 's kepler spacecraft was completing | in 2009, nasa 's kepler spacecraft was completing observing stars on its photometer, the instrument it uses to detect transit events, in which a planet crosses in front of and dims its host star for a brief and roughly regular period of time. in this last test, kepler observed 50 000 stars in the kepler input catalog, ... | wikipedia |
6b266e886ce57de771636657b9307ec1b8bdec4c | kepler-62d orbits its host star with an orbital | kepler-62d orbits its host star with an orbital period of 18 days at a distance of about 0.12 au (compared to the distance of mercury from the sun, which is about 0.38 au). it receives about 15 times more sunlight than earth does from the sun. | wikipedia |
6bba254e64e0c92b0e784579879a40e6b4f13698 | the planet orbits a (k-type) star named kepler-62, | the planet orbits a (k-type) star named kepler-62, orbited by a total of five planets. the star has a mass of 0.69 m and a radius of 0.64 r. it has a temperature of 4925 k and is 7 billion years old. in comparison, the sun is 4.6 billion years old and has a temperature of 5778 k. the star is somewhat metal-poor, with a... | wikipedia |
19d8770a004a9a5b4cc2cd88c83688f52cb58f56 | kepler-62d is a super-earth, an exoplanet with a | kepler-62d is a super-earth, an exoplanet with a radius and mass bigger than earth, but smaller than that of the ice giants uranus and neptune. it has an equilibrium temperature of 510 k (237 °c; 458 °f). it has a radius of 1.95 r. because of its radius (and temperature), it is likely to be either a "super-venus", or a... | wikipedia |
437e42178bd9cab922a7a9364aa9ccee4888b394 | kepler-62d (also known by its kepler object of | kepler-62d (also known by its kepler object of interest designation koi-701.01) is the third innermost and the largest exoplanet discovered orbiting the star kepler-62, with a size roughly twice the diameter of earth. it was found using the transit method, in which the dimming that a planet causes as it crosses in fron... | wikipedia |
af3b17d2ae88eef894028c8f2fd735e3bc46453e | kim was selected by jeju united as a | kim was selected by jeju united as a draft player for the 2008 k-league season. he played only a single match for the club (a k-league cup game), and moved to the pohang steelers for 2009. as a squad player, he made intermittent appearances for pohang throughout 2009, including two appearances in the asian champions le... | wikipedia |
dcbe9c4d4912d7b0f53d360553886f4793340278 | kim chang-hoon (korean: 김창훈; born 3 april 1987) | kim chang-hoon (korean: 김창훈; born 3 april 1987) is a south korean football player who plays for incheon united, having previously played for pohang steelers and jeju united. | wikipedia |
6843632a19207b46a16edea6d7945a548c91aff1 | l3cos is an algorithm for digitising processes based | l3cos is an algorithm for digitising processes based on blockchain, which has a three-level structure and is distributed as platform as a service for state bodies and businesses. the algorithm is based on the blockchain, in which any decision made at any of the levels will become part of the common chain. the technolog... | wikipedia |
4d5c5615dcca61c34238f310793d612b07696b70 | the l3cos algorithm consists of three levels:the top | the l3cos algorithm consists of three levels:the top level operates on the basis of the proof of government (pogvt) algorithm and is designed for national governments, providing them with their own ‘supernode’ which allows them to regulate the citizens’ financial history. | wikipedia |
a4202c2d8845bcf2b037c697042d538a03de248f | the technology at the state level allows smart | the technology at the state level allows smart contracts and business applications to be developed without the involvement of an algorithm developer. the technology works on the basis of separate consensus algorithms, which allows users to access highly effective functionality and automate their processes while retaini... | wikipedia |
3b381b85f2c9d6f07ce6331cc3c239b11983a1c2 | in september 2022 eros investments, a portfolio of | in september 2022 eros investments, a portfolio of entertainment and tech companies like eros media world, eros now, and xfinite's mzaalo, has picked up a 90% stake in digital rights management company ent global for an undisclosed sum, and partnered with blockchain-based operating system l3cos. | wikipedia |
3b6575a67136935308b7afaa85c7b7f8080afce3 | in april 2021, l3cos announced a new partnership | in april 2021, l3cos announced a new partnership with us label ent global technologies and entertainment company title 9 inc. the $110 million deal will enable l3cos to create a global digital rights management system and a trading platform for music and film. | wikipedia |
dbd8fce5a62f7d336c570a79f82a00818375b569 | in march 2021, information emerged that the world’s | in march 2021, information emerged that the world’s first digital platform for agricultural goods and foodstuffs, agridex, was investing $85 million to develop it's platform on l3cos blockchain. the creation of a smart marketplace allows improvements in global food security, with reduced transaction costs and reduced f... | wikipedia |
b9c4fe6a55d1d493bca36d96d74ff7a443eb8671 | in march 2020, the central bank of england | in march 2020, the central bank of england invited private companies to participate in the development of a cbdc (central bank digital currency). in june 2020, a proposal was made to the central bank of england to use l3cos technology. | wikipedia |
3f190846e4a5ffa8e05d32aeff9a468b9834d027 | work on the “three-in-one” algorithm was started in | work on the “three-in-one” algorithm was started in 2013 and completed in october 2019. founder and ceo of the project is zurab ashvil, a phd in cybernetics and applied mathematics, who was previously an executive of the softbank capital. the official launch of the algorithm was held at the world economic forum in davo... | wikipedia |
4cbcd788b131df3a18c82d1199d46c6f544671f2 | l3cos (level 3 consensus operating system) is an | l3cos (level 3 consensus operating system) is an algorithm for digitising processes based on blockchain, which has a three-level structure and is distributed as platform as a service for state bodies and businesses. the algorithm is based on the blockchain, in which any decision made at any of the levels will become pa... | wikipedia |
f8e71ab719e247b766abcabfc84206d64ac5d8df | he remained in the irish side over the | he remained in the irish side over the next four years, playing against australia, the mcc, the netherlands, scotland, wales and the west indies, before scoring his only first-class century against scotland in his final first-class match, just prior to his final match for ireland against the mcc at lord's. | wikipedia |
e217ca76d322d5c486131e033d0b881989dc53b6 | he started 1973 with an innings of 111 | he started 1973 with an innings of 111 not out against wales in dublin, his highest score for ireland, and followed this with matches against denmark, the mcc and scotland, before visiting north america with the irish side, playing against canada and the usa. | wikipedia |
8253b34f649a6c25f45725857ade9aae36307289 | in 1970, he played five matches for ireland, | in 1970, he played five matches for ireland, against the combined services, denmark, the mcc, the netherlands and scotland. four more matches followed in 1971, against denmark, the mcc, scotland and wales, he played just once in 1972, against wales. | wikipedia |
b1970a6774c5b5093b2b1d83cb86f6f5477fe425 | harrison made his debut for ireland against scotland | harrison made his debut for ireland against scotland in june 1969 in a first-class match. he followed this with two games against the west indies, the first of which was the famous win for ireland at sion mills. he played once more that year, against wilfred isaac's xi. | wikipedia |
f85fb715b8ae9c5c4a3fc874189069e4e3508305 | james harrison (born 3 may 1941) is an | james harrison (born 3 may 1941) is an irish former cricketer. a right-handed batsman, he played 32 times for the ireland cricket team between 1969 and 1977, including eight first-class matches against scotland. | wikipedia |
7a13e21edc1fe38b87ba7fe5261fa2c1d5af0f6d | in cryptography, key wrap constructions are a class | in cryptography, key wrap constructions are a class of symmetric encryption algorithms designed to encapsulate (encrypt) cryptographic key material. the key wrap algorithms are intended for applications such as protecting keys while in untrusted storage or transmitting keys over untrusted communications networks. the c... | wikipedia |
0668fa674d2bb4ffeaee2a15acda717b14abf024 | in their paper, rogaway and shrimpton proposed a | in their paper, rogaway and shrimpton proposed a provable key-wrapping algorithm (siv—the synthetic initialization vector mode) that authenticates and encrypts an arbitrary string and authenticates, but does not encrypt, associated data which can be bound into the wrapped key. this has been standardized as a new aes mo... | wikipedia |
ed09ac22e2fa98257206d28ed32a29303b2a3b11 | rogaway and shrimpton evaluated the design of the | rogaway and shrimpton evaluated the design of the ansx9.102 algorithms with respect to the stated security goals. among their general findings, they noted the lack of clearly stated design goals for the algorithms, and the absence of security proofs for all constructions. | wikipedia |
669a377f2b259d84de3ebb46e4aeca0fc0274474 | each of the proposed algorithms can be considered | each of the proposed algorithms can be considered as a form of authenticated encryption algorithm providing confidentiality for highly entropic messages such as cryptographic keys. the aes key wrap specification, aeskw, tdkw, and akw1 are intended to maintain confidentiality under adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks, wh... | wikipedia |
0f62afa6412514e40d6fd1722eb3832bb74ae311 | in the late 1990s, the national institute of | in the late 1990s, the national institute of standards and technology (nist) posed the "key wrap" problem: to develop secure and efficient cipher-based key encryption algorithms. the resulting algorithms would be formally evaluated by nist, and eventually approved for use in nist-certified cryptographic modules. nist d... | wikipedia |
2706aee1b4452a53e11fb4bc4c56627bceb41835 | key wrap may be considered as a form | key wrap may be considered as a form of key encapsulation algorithm, although it should not be confused with the more commonly known asymmetric (public-key) key encapsulation algorithms (e.g., psec-kem). key wrap algorithms can be used in a similar application: to securely transport a session key by encrypting it under... | wikipedia |
6fa842f3654675760d3cdb979c2cc546007175a1 | in cryptography, key wrap constructions are a class | in cryptography, key wrap constructions are a class of symmetric encryption algorithms designed to encapsulate (encrypt) cryptographic key material. the key wrap algorithms are intended for applications such as protecting keys while in untrusted storage or transmitting keys over untrusted communications networks. the c... | wikipedia |
85a8614ffc3178342000643ce4d4dd556f3b72e2 | the jarana jarocha is a guitar-shaped fretted stringed | the jarana jarocha is a guitar-shaped fretted stringed instrument from the southern region of the state of veracruz, mexico. typically strung with 8 strings in 5 courses, usually arranged in two single outer strings with three double-courses in between. the strings are usually nylon, although they were gut in the past.... | wikipedia |
dfa80b0f31882facab53baac99f8b0908b5ee681 | the jarana jarocha is a guitar-shaped fretted stringed | instrument. jaranas by different makers tend to have different voices even when made of the same woods because of method of manufacture, etc. the jarana primera tends to have a high and sharp voice, while the segunda has a more tenor, shimmering voice. the tercera has a deep and sonorous voice, and the tiny chaquiste ... | wikipedia |
6ab15980f4970df908dde75419daf2d16ef9d4da | gilberto gutierrez silva, luthier and founder of the | gilberto gutierrez silva, luthier and founder of the group mono blanco, has created his own variation—a jarana with three courses of triple-strings, tuned ggg ccc eee. he has named this variation the "tresera". | wikipedia |
49101198c59444dc32d464c6719d637bf7017783 | although the jarana usually has eight strings arranged | although the jarana usually has eight strings arranged in five courses (a single course, followed by three doubles, then another single), many jaranas are now being produced with 4 double courses, often tuned gg cc ee aa. leonardo zendejas of the group son de barro has commented that the absence of the bottom g string ... | wikipedia |
a0fa3bfc9ff1a761943807035d69244f381e5f34 | the jarana is used to great effect with | the jarana is used to great effect with other instruments such as the 'arpa jarocha' or veracruz folk harp, the 'guitarra de son' which is almost identical to the jarana but for the fact that it has four strings that are plucked with a long plectrum usually made of cowhorn (thus making it a melodic rather than rhythm i... | wikipedia |
5685ab7ca9b666b47cfdd025d8d4bc71482ada4a | the jarana primera tends to have a high | the jarana primera tends to have a high and sharp voice, while the segunda has a more tenor, shimmering voice. the tercera has a deep and sonorous voice, and the tiny chaquiste and mosquito often have shrill voices. | wikipedia |
57b48e09343df122933351cda90d4304c716d46d | the sound is distinctive—it does not sound like | the sound is distinctive—it does not sound like either a ukulele or a guitar. it is almost a percussion instrument in the way it is played, with an accented down and double upstroke pattern that almost mimics the zapateado steps of the dancers. the sound depends on the wood used and the size of the instrument. jaranas ... | wikipedia |
2facecd8080ff6d90434ddeb4e3ec8186bf624e5 | the jarana traditionally features a singular type of | the jarana traditionally features a singular type of construction; the body is carved to shape from a solid piece of wood (traditionally spanish cedar), and it is then hollowed out, with a separate soundboard and fingerboard applied. other mexican and south american folk guitars derivative of spanish instruments are al... | wikipedia |
ff777971222aabe0c270b4290ae04f97087539d5 | the jarana jarocha is a guitar -shaped fretted | the jarana jarocha is a guitar -shaped fretted stringed instrument from the southern region of the state of veracruz, mexico. typically strung with 8 strings in 5 courses, usually arranged in two single outer strings with three double-courses in between. the strings are usually nylon, although they were gut in the past... | wikipedia |
554e395ad713f209f24d962aa25717db9f491e3d | jeremy daniel quastel, is a canadian mathematician specializing | jeremy daniel quastel, is a canadian mathematician specializing in probability theory, stochastic processes, partial differential equations. he is currently head of the mathematics department at the university of toronto. he grew up in vancouver, british columbia, and now lives in toronto, ontario. | wikipedia |
7976d0f77b544bd7a1772895ea54912b1331381a | jeremy quastel is recognized as one of the | jeremy quastel is recognized as one of the top probabilists in the world in the fields of hydrodynamic theory, stochastic partial differential equations, and integrable probability. in particular, his research is on the large scale behaviour of interacting particle systems and stochastic partial differential equations.... | wikipedia |
4fae4062ad64b118c354ac4f2853c84d4fb31390 | quastel earned his phd at courant institute of | quastel earned his phd at courant institute of mathematical sciences at new york university in 1990; the advisory was s. r. srinivasa varadhan. he was a postdoctoral student at the mathematical sciences research institute in berkeley, then a faculty member at university of california, davis for the next six years; retu... | wikipedia |
f26b17c47854eaa2e4dd409258c1509766411d23 | jeremy daniel quastel frs, frsc is a canadian | jeremy daniel quastel frs, frsc is a canadian mathematician specializing in probability theory, stochastic processes, partial differential equations. he is currently head of the mathematics department at the university of toronto. he grew up in vancouver, british columbia, and now lives in toronto, ontario. | wikipedia |
6aaa1abe2239d795aeab9cd7678e0bd37ac67459 | suolahti worked from 1947 to 1956 in the | suolahti worked from 1947 to 1956 in the national archives of finland while he worked on his disputation in history which was finished in 1955 at the university of helsingfors. he was appointed professor of history in 1960 and would remain as such until his retirement in 1981. during the period 1962 to 1965 he was the ... | wikipedia |
b3c6dbcadd22026e4e8705065dce05f05bd40f1b | suolahti was born in brändö on Åland (autonomous | suolahti was born in brändö on Åland (autonomous region within finland) in 1918 into an esteemed finish academic family. his father was gunnar suolahti, a finnish historian of great national esteem. his father became a professor in nordic history at the university of helsingfors the same year as jakko was born and woul... | wikipedia |
a7f76bb3375d7f4f754bb79ae6bb90164817360b | jaakko suolahti (18 january 1918 – 28 january | jaakko suolahti (18 january 1918 – 28 january 1987) was a finnish classical scholar and historian suolahti was one of the leading classicists during his time and reached international recognition within the areas of political- and social culture in the roman republic. | wikipedia |
085024069c6e3ec2b37cfa6c40b24d383522a44f | jiang jingshan was a chinese aerospace engineer with | jiang jingshan was a chinese aerospace engineer with expertise in microwave remote sensing and spaceflight engineering. he had been the director of the center for space science and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, deputy chief designer of the chinese lunar exploration program and an aerospace expert of ch... | wikipedia |
a334c35d521c497ebf87a3686ba03ee9ca44026e | jiang was born in february 1936, in longjing, | jiang was born in february 1936, in longjing, in yanbian korean autonomous prefecture, jilin province, manchukuo. he was of korean descent. he became the first chinese researcher of microwave remote sensing technology, after his participation in the creation of china's first satellite, dong fang hong i. he was the foun... | wikipedia |
f50ba7a76d24f63cef83eeadde3536278b278e1b | jiang jingshan (chinese: 姜景山; pinyin: jiāng jǐngshān; korean: | jiang jingshan (chinese: 姜景山; pinyin: jiāng jǐngshān; korean: 강경산; february 1936 – 27 june 2021) was a chinese aerospace engineer with expertise in microwave remote sensing and spaceflight engineering. he had been the director of the center for space science and applied research, chinese academy of sciences, deputy chi... | wikipedia |
313ecf09193717c53db5f8ce7d002f6e09c0c4e5 | ion-attachment mass spectrometry (iams) is a form of | ion-attachment mass spectrometry (iams) is a form of mass spectrometry that uses a "soft" form of ionization similar to chemical ionization in which a cation is attached to the analyte molecule in a reactive collision: where m is the analyte molecule, x+ is the cation and a is a non-reacting collision partner. | wikipedia |
33b7f6d5d7eb658eab6b0df73c51075963c35da7 | currently, it is used industrially to verify, with | currently, it is used industrially to verify, with a high throughput, the concentrations of brominated flame retardants (bfr) in plastics in compliance with european rohs (restriction of hazardous substances) regulation in place since 2006. the banned molecules include pbb and pbde, whose concentration should not excee... | wikipedia |
5a3cab2cd330cf823165916fc726971e64c625f8 | this technique is applicable to gases or any | this technique is applicable to gases or any materials that can be vaporized. it uses a non-fragmenting non-conventional ionisation mode, by attachment of a lithium (or alkaline) ion to the gas to be analysed with a more traditional mass filter. this instrument is more dedicated to analysis of moderately-sized molecule... | wikipedia |
2d30c4bc05fd06f3f5aa1c16aa31f9a8f62d34f7 | ion-attachment mass spectrometry (iams) is a form of | ion-attachment mass spectrometry (iams) is a form of mass spectrometry that uses a "soft" form of ionization similar to chemical ionization in which a cation is attached to the analyte molecule in a reactive collision: | wikipedia |
a904b9cf0a22ffdfc524c04657638578abf22eb1 | jannowitz bridge was dismantled in 1927 to allow | jannowitz bridge was dismantled in 1927 to allow construction of the u8 subway line. it was replaced with a new iron girder bridge that opened in 1932, along with the jannowitzbrücke u-bahn station. the bridge was destroyed by the germans, as a "defensive measure", during the battle of berlin in world war ii. the bridg... | wikipedia |
a34e5143ce7717050e7df8299ff4e590d8d722c0 | he graduated (got master's degree) from the mathematical | he graduated (got master's degree) from the mathematical department of the university of warsaw. he got his ph.d. from the polish academy of sciences in 1955, in algebraic topology, under karol borsuk. he generalized the borsuk–ulam theorem about antipodes. | wikipedia |
e4ff77d6b4977e301a762a4a7ede58cdac8bb8b0 | later, he served as assistant veterinary surgeon in | later, he served as assistant veterinary surgeon in various parts of the cape colony. in july 1906, he was promoted to the post of chief veterinary surgeon vacated by hutcheon when the latter was promoted to the post of director of agriculture. he then had 16 assistant veterinary surgeons under his control in the cape. | wikipedia |
305594458f567c08c51f50b3e0492f74daceca46 | in 1892, he joined alexander edington in his | in 1892, he joined alexander edington in his laboratory (previously buildings in the royal engineers yard) in grahamstown. borthwick served as edington's assistant in the study of animal diseases until 1893 when he was succeeded by thomas bowhill. | wikipedia |
9ef960ee03a7ab797459035777382322b5c69340 | borthwick began his career in south africa on | borthwick began his career in south africa on 27 march 1889 as the first assistant to duncan hutcheon, colonial veterinary surgeon to the cape of good hope. jotello festiri soga the first black south african vet worked with him as hutcheon's second assistant. | wikipedia |
1ff898128e3f3a270712a2af3a231ad9f73ca3fd | borthwick married a descendant of the 1820 settlers, | borthwick married a descendant of the 1820 settlers, elizabeth edith walton in grahamstown on 17 march 1893. the bacteriologist alexander edington who was his close colleague witnessed the marriage. he died at his arcadia north home in pretoria on 18 june 1936. | wikipedia |
4e96417299ed1d9c949cd0cbedcfa7b81cc55f10 | grojnowski's insights into geometric contexts for representation theory | grojnowski's insights into geometric contexts for representation theory go back to his thesis with george lusztig on character sheaves over homogeneous spaces. he has exploited these ideas to make breakthroughs in several completely unexpected areas, including representations of the affine hecke algebras at roots of 1 ... | wikipedia |
4fcdfc97b457129634679734af9d565793baf226 | in her analysis of the change of socio-economic | in her analysis of the change of socio-economic structures, ashrafyan (in keeping with the soviet school of indian studies) took an anti-religious stance, suggesting that movements such as bhakti and sikhism diluted social reform with religious garb, and that akbar 's din-i ilahi was a state counter to reduce their ene... | wikipedia |
8c20292285732abf39c589787cf910f1ceed3587 | her investigations were chiefly into land ownership and | her investigations were chiefly into land ownership and the socio-economic structure of indo-muslim states. in keeping with soviet philosophies of progressive evolution of the economy, she termed private land holdings in the 13th century as feudal tenure, replaced subsequently by the military organisation of the ruling... | wikipedia |
7aabed89fb4ce47bb005bca4407aaac6af371b4d | ashrafyan's first monograph, published in 1960, was titled | ashrafyan's first monograph, published in 1960, was titled the delhi sultanate, covering the political development and social and economic basis for the first islamic dominions in north india. this was the first publication on the subject in the soviet union. | wikipedia |
f605f0394c938d35603c5e486784bc4509926574 | in 1984, the institute decided to organise a | in 1984, the institute decided to organise a multi-volume collective set of works on the history of the orient. ashrafyan was tasked with heading a section on the peoples of the east. she edited volumes ii and iii of the set. | wikipedia |
bf4e40f1f367c1dbdb064271bb3642872bfd28df | between 1950 and 1955, she worked as an | between 1950 and 1955, she worked as an editor of the bulletin of foreign literature at the fundamental library of social sciences, succeeding koka antonova. persuaded by antonova and i.m. reisner to change her field of study, she shifted to researching the islamic states of medieval india, where her knowledge of persi... | wikipedia |
384ed88c1b604028c6c0ea0c04147969af894af4 | klara ashrafyan was born in yerevan in the | klara ashrafyan was born in yerevan in the family of one of the founders of the armenian communist party, zarmair ashrafyan. in 1936, he and his wife were denounced, arrested and executed. the orphaned klara was adopted by relatives in moscow. despite being tarnished as a family member of a traitor to the motherland, s... | wikipedia |
e086e317a324f59181c5c55c2658815820851828 | klara zarmairovna ashrafyan (russian: Кла́ра Зарма́йровна Ашрафя́н; 15 | klara zarmairovna ashrafyan (russian: Кла́ра Зарма́йровна Ашрафя́н; 15 september 1924, yerevan — 7 august 1999, moscow) was a soviet indologist of armenian origin. she was known for her researches into the delhi sultanate and the mughal empire. | wikipedia |
f2effb477282cb2a4e39cdfd61514e154a7c23a3 | interfacial thermal resistance, also known as thermal boundary | interfacial thermal resistance, also known as thermal boundary resistance, or kapitza resistance, is a measure of resistance to thermal flow at the interface between two materials. while these terms may be used interchangeably, kapitza resistance technically refers to an atomically perfect, flat interface whereas therm... | wikipedia |
6204d6ce70f3aaf5d766bb2bb3aeddc1d5a029f4 | interfacial thermal resistance, also known as thermal boundary | other hand, applications requiring good thermal isolation such as jet engine turbines would benefit from interfaces with high thermal resistance. this would also require material interfaces which are stable at very high temperature. examples are metal-ceramic composites which are currently used for these applications.... | wikipedia |
ba8d7da5eb40ee7b7c4f8209c6d74eedc2bf3ad7 | the superior thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes makes | the superior thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes makes it an excellent candidate for making composite materials. but interfacial resistance impacts the effective thermal conductivity. this area is not well studied and only a few studies have been done to understand the basic mechanism of this resistance. | wikipedia |
3c4a8f955023cd8318d44215983e4774ec4b2185 | at the highest end of the spectrum, one | at the highest end of the spectrum, one of the highest thermal conductances measured is between aluminum and copper. at room temperature, the al-cu interface has a conductance of 4 gw m k. the high thermal conductance of the interface should not be unexpected given the high electrical conductivity of both materials. | wikipedia |
5a38c211029de9617fd52fe642ad3985cdf8cc02 | increasing in thermal conductance, most phonon mediated interfaces | increasing in thermal conductance, most phonon mediated interfaces (dielectric-dielectric and metal-dielectric) have thermal conductances between 80 and 300 mw m k. the largest phonon mediated thermal conductance measured to date is between tin (titanium nitride) and mgo. these systems have very similar lattice structu... | wikipedia |
a6f5172704fb4d2fac54ee485fde37b3134c7c94 | in general there are two types of heat | in general there are two types of heat carriers in materials: phonons and electrons. the free electron gas found in metals is a very good conductor of heat and dominates thermal conductivity. all materials though exhibit heat transfer by phonon transport so heat flows even in dielectric materials such as silica. interf... | wikipedia |
39c58b30ec32f851a87d9cac26765217fc328823 | the acoustic mismatch theory predicted a very high | the acoustic mismatch theory predicted a very high thermal resistance (low thermal conductance) at solid-helium interfaces. this is problematic for researchers working at ultra-cold temperatures because it greatly impedes cooling rates at low temperatures such as in dilution refrigerators. fortunately such a large ther... | wikipedia |
c12a58178953735b2107504ef245d21f8edeef1b | the presence of thermal interface resistance, corresponding to | the presence of thermal interface resistance, corresponding to a discontinuous temperature across an interface was first proposed from studies of liquid helium in 1936. while this idea was first proposed in 1936, it wasn't until 1941 when pyotr kapitsa (peter kapitza) carried out the first systematic study of thermal i... | wikipedia |
dd543afc6adf0e15d029e650f52f3e83c5dedded | where. the main difference between the two models | where. the main difference between the two models is the transmission probability, whose determination is more complicated. in each case it is determined by the basic assumptions that form the respective models. the assumption of elastic scattering makes it more difficult for phonons to transmit across the interface, r... | wikipedia |
f8ec91703e914388abaf29e321865ea1a912c9f5 | where a is the area of the interface. | where a is the area of the interface. these basic equations form the basis for both models. n is determined based on the dispersion relation for the materials (for example, the debye model) and bose–einstein statistics. energy is given simply by the de broglie wavelength equation: | wikipedia |
4db8583d913f9d5dca09202494c7611e6cc56189 | where ν {\displaystyle \nu } is the group | where ν {\displaystyle \nu } is the group velocity which is approximated to be the speed of sound in the material for the amm and dmm models, n (k, t 1) {\displaystyle n\left(k,t_{1}\right)} is the number of phonons at a given wavevector, e is the energy, and α is the probability of transmission across the interface. t... | wikipedia |
108a717d1d547ec88a9b3448bf4a32bc1e65b077 | q 1, 2 = ∑ k n (k, | q 1, 2 = ∑ k n (k, t 1) e ν α (k, t 1, t 2) {\displaystyle q_{1,2}=\sum _{k}n\left(k,t_{1}\right)e\nu \alpha \left(k,t_{1},t_{2}\right)} | wikipedia |
71c5a6fe1d06ff6de03d55da9a4ce85ff1eeb068 | the amm and dmm differ in the conditions | the amm and dmm differ in the conditions they require for propagation across the interface, because the models differ greatly in their treatment of scattering at the interface. in amm the interface is assumed to be perfect, resulting in no scattering, thus phonons propagate elastically across the interface. the wavevec... | wikipedia |
96021d2fb2ca7121d06c37bee1398019fb21b9c0 | according to the amm and dmm models, a | according to the amm and dmm models, a crucial factor in determining the thermal resistance at an interface is the overlap of phonon states. specifically, the models completely disregard the effects of inelastic scattering and multiple phonon interactions. for example, the models only allow for a phonon occupying a par... | wikipedia |
e6791873ca72545d65d82bac6990f7a6c14d03db | the primary model that has historically described kapitza | the primary model that has historically described kapitza resistance is the phonon gas model. within this model are the acoustic mismatch and diffuse mismatch models (amm and dmm respectively). for both models the interface is assumed to behave exactly as the bulk on either side of the interface (e.g. bulk phonon dispe... | wikipedia |
81691ed9219e90b175d099dcf5c8cd756576ed59 | molecular dynamics (md) simulations are a powerful tool | molecular dynamics (md) simulations are a powerful tool to investigate interfacial thermal resistance. recent md studies have demonstrated that the solid-liquid interfacial thermal resistance is reduced on nanostructured solid surfaces by enhancing the solid-liquid interaction energy per unit area, and reducing the dif... | wikipedia |
afb614c7f032bd9d3d3a626aee71b62ec70385c0 | two widely used predictive models are the acoustic | two widely used predictive models are the acoustic mismatch model (amm) and the diffuse mismatch model (dmm). the amm assumes a geometrically perfect interface and phonon transport across it is entirely elastic, treating phonons as waves in a continuum. on the other hand, the dmm assumes scattering at the interface is ... | wikipedia |
1dc6c7bb8a862edf24f9f3348d42f608ae7b3105 | as stated above, thermal boundary resistance is due | as stated above, thermal boundary resistance is due to carrier scattering at an interface. the type of carrier scattered will depend on the materials governing the interfaces. for example, at a metal-metal interface, electron scattering effects will dominate thermal boundary resistance, as electrons are the primary the... | wikipedia |
1e250ce342ea9bfaa17191cd981f4a65fb0d97c6 | low thermal resistance at interfaces is technologically important | low thermal resistance at interfaces is technologically important for applications where very high heat dissipation is necessary. this is of particular concern to the development of microelectronic semiconductor devices as defined by the international technology roadmap for semiconductors in 2004 where an 8 nm feature ... | wikipedia |
60c1ee403f093c4a67ae78846e2529fb141c7e5b | understanding the thermal resistance at the interface between | understanding the thermal resistance at the interface between two materials is of primary significance in the study of its thermal properties. interfaces often contribute significantly to the observed properties of the materials. this is even more critical for nanoscale systems where interfaces could significantly affe... | wikipedia |
d1a9eef496990482cbf27f3a42aea458e425f9dd | where q {\displaystyle q} is the applied flux, | where q {\displaystyle q} is the applied flux, Δ t {\displaystyle \delta t} is the observed temperature drop, r {\displaystyle r} is the thermal boundary resistance, and g {\displaystyle g} is its inverse, or thermal boundary conductance. | wikipedia |
4d88f097cdfdfe0d5df3de8f8e46a3bac560358c | interfacial thermal resistance, also known as thermal boundary | interfacial thermal resistance, also known as thermal boundary resistance, or kapitza resistance, is a measure of resistance to thermal flow at the interface between two materials. while these terms may be used interchangeably, kapitza resistance technically refers to an atomically perfect, flat interface whereas therm... | wikipedia |
83110caa556d5a7ce65745fd409f3a798474f65f | on 5 june 2009, he was appointed as | on 5 june 2009, he was appointed as an interim head coach of fc poltava, while shariy was to be assisted by oleh morhun. shariy who until his appointed was a director of the ivan horpynko sports school in poltava replaced the fc poltava head coach oleksandr omelchuk. | wikipedia |
15b7fe12de45b217bc24782d48b651ff163ad6eb | on 18 may 1999, shariy set a record | on 18 may 1999, shariy set a record during the ukrainian premier league game against sc mykolaiv for coming out on the field at the age of 41. the ukrainian first league top scorer serhiy chuichenko considered shariy to be the best footballer in history of poltava football. | wikipedia |
d4b293ac411faa461dc6d6f51344d2a880563585 | shariy also played couple of games at continental | shariy also played couple of games at continental club competitions, the uefa cup, at first in the 1985–86 uefa cup for chornomorets odesa that represented the soviet union and hosted german werder bremen when he came out to substitute igor savelyev on the 66th minute. the second his game shariy played on august 12, 19... | wikipedia |
e5b1d13551b81d28180970b2b9fe45b6f8ec6aeb | after almost three year break in 1995 the | after almost three year break in 1995 the vorskla head coach viktor pozhechevskyi invited shariy who was 39 years old to the club where he contributed to vorskla's win of the persha liha (tier 2). after few seasons he returned to amateurs where he continued to play until around 2015. | wikipedia |
41764d13fc90838400acff40bda983d6d1b3c4b9 | following chornomorets, the shariy's career took a dive | following chornomorets, the shariy's career took a dive and in late 1980s he played for lower tier clubs nistru kishinev and the recently revived vorskla poltava (in place of kolos) from native poltava. in 1990 shariy left for bulgaria where he played for etar veliko tarnovo which placed third in the national top leagu... | wikipedia |
96926e9cda73986594791cc23b5afc94cbcaf704 | due to strong competition for a spot on | due to strong competition for a spot on the main team and the reserve squad, shariy soon left dynamo in kiev for another in minsk that was coached by oleh bazylevych helping the main belarusian team with promotion to the soviet top league. following promotion of dinamo minsk, shariy decided to stay and continue to play... | wikipedia |
39c2f3e7b7389a39ecdc6b4083ddf6a5b22b145a | native of poltava, shariy played football for almost | native of poltava, shariy played football for almost a quarter of century. he started to play football at a local poltava sports school. viktor nosov who at that time was a head coach of the vorskla poltava 's predecessor kolos invited shariy to the team of masters that played at the soviet second league when shariy ju... | wikipedia |
421d35219ddb70b5b33c1e978fb0e642264b99a1 | ivan shariy (ukrainian: Іван Григорович Шарій; born 24 | ivan shariy (ukrainian: Іван Григорович Шарій; born 24 november 1957) is a former soviet and ukrainian footballer and ukrainian football manager. | wikipedia |
abe6cf54992401b6ea4f0cd55cdf8ac4850475af | mulligan was born in dublin and began his | mulligan was born in dublin and began his career with stoke city having joined from st joseph’s sallynoggin. he failed to break into the first team at stoke and spent time out on loan at telford united, macclesfield town, northwich victoria and bury who he joined permanently in 1994. he played 17 league matches for the... | wikipedia |
008263e2ae0570f672780267b070f4bc046cafbf | lazar, also known as lazar the serb or | lazar, also known as lazar the serb or lazar the hilandarian, was a serbian orthodox monk-scribe and horologist who invented and built the first known mechanical public clock in russia in 1404. the clock, which also struck the hours, was built at the request of grand prince vasily i of moscow (r. 1389–1425). prior to h... | wikipedia |
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