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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
07897c768a1394a992f37506b7831155b4f7c228	in 1920, goodrich started graduate work at columbia	in 1920, goodrich started graduate work at columbia university, but soon left for china, where he worked for the china medical board of the rockefeller foundation. back at columbia in 1925, he received his master's degree in 1927 and ph.d. in 1934. continued at columbia as a faculty member, attaining the rank of full p...	wikipedia
976425be10aa62cb063063e729a3d1f2ff9a9f38	as a young child, he lived through the	as a young child, he lived through the siege of the international legations in beijing; he was able to remember some of these events even in his old age, when he must have been one of the last survivors. he attended the chefoo school in yantai (shandong), the oberlin academy in ohio, and williams college, from which he...	wikipedia
2df3971583598b0970032ec48cd89e7b864837fe	luther carrington goodrich was born on september 21,	luther carrington goodrich was born on september 21, 1894, in tongzhou, a southeastern suburb of beijing, where his parents were serving as protestant missionaries. his father, chauncey goodrich (b.1836), had published a pocket dictionary (chinese-english) and pekingese syllabary in 1891 and among the nephews of chaunc...	wikipedia
fb9dc31668a9c7de4d513d282f26fb74aa66c475	luther carrington goodrich (september 21, 1894 – august	luther carrington goodrich (september 21, 1894 – august 10, 1986) was an american sinologist and historian of china. a prolific author, he is perhaps best remembered for his work on the dictionary of ming biography, 1368–1644.	wikipedia
42c05408605133dc83982e1e23221fc82db44953	kenneth alexander kermack was a british palaeontologist at	kenneth alexander kermack was a british palaeontologist at university college london most notable for his work on early mammals with his wife, doris mary kermack. among kermack's other significant contributions was the observation that diplodocus could not have had an aquatic lifestyle because sheer water pressure alon...	wikipedia
89d3b68e74dd54640920448b8edc78f2b2eccb50	he first described the early mammal aegialodon dawsoni	he first described the early mammal aegialodon dawsoni from a molar tooth and the docodont simpsonodon oxfordensis. he was also interested in astronomy, elected a member of the british astronomical association on 23 february 1966, a member until his death in 2000.	wikipedia
c7cfce4ba18f43e6477ff987cfbee42a818f9531	kudashov is a russian masculine surname, its feminine	kudashov is a russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is kudashova. the surname is a derivative of the turkic name kudash, which possibly originates from the mordvinic word kudo, meaning home. it may refer to: alexei kudashov, russian ice hockey coach and former player	wikipedia
4c8fe05d11cf2e93910ef3d852da0bd75bbdf507	kudashov (russian: Кудашов) is a russian masculine surname,	kudashov (russian: Кудашов) is a russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is kudashova. the surname is a derivative of the turkic name kudash, which possibly originates from the mordvinic word kudo, meaning home. it may refer to:	wikipedia
df239f2c09be8b0fc936d760c6563ef1847406a7	jane yellowlees douglas is a pioneer author and	jane yellowlees douglas is a pioneer author and scholar of hypertext fiction. she began writing about hypermedia in the late 1980s, very early in the development of the medium. her 1993 fiction i have said nothing, was one of the first published works of hypertext fiction.	wikipedia
681d16656f4b8f0e1bc9468cb060fa806f72683e	douglas's hypertext fiction i have said nothing is	douglas's hypertext fiction i have said nothing is book-ended by two car crashes and the resulting deaths. douglas's goal was to use the fragmentations of hypertext to explore both causality and the enormous gulfs that separate people from one another. designed in storyspace, the work offers readers a variety of strate...	wikipedia
7680f195797e8955ad45a2798239d709d7078ec4	douglas is recognized for having discovered a node	douglas is recognized for having discovered a node in michael joyce's hypertext novel afternoon: a story that had no inbound links. in discussions about the novel, the node became known as "jane's space" because she was the first to remark on its orphan status. she became implicated in revisions to this node, which ori...	wikipedia
2faeaa1d8f5e0f761faf169d05bec313ab6715b2	in "what hypertexts can do that print narratives	in "what hypertexts can do that print narratives cannot", douglas goes into more detail about how hypertext fiction works as a literary form. critics have noted acerbity as a characteristic of douglas's writing as she "makes plain her frustration that hyperfiction works and their writers are still not considered part o...	wikipedia
0c8ba33bfef7f8645f3d311a70fabc3743b7dddb	in her 2000 book, the end of books	in her 2000 book, the end of books or books without end, she examines how interactive fiction works and discusses the current state of hypertext criticism, arguing that hyptertext authors are the natural heirs of early 20th century experimental modernists like james joyce.	wikipedia
7f0bba385c871e3309f2ae31b2de65eb560438f5	douglas has written over two dozen articles, short	douglas has written over two dozen articles, short stories, and a book about the development, structure, and uses of hypertext. in a 1991 article—quite early in the development of hypertext as a new literary medium—she argued for hypertext as offering an alternative to an "either/or" view of reality in the form of an "...	wikipedia
eec379d6d60bbe881c50223e948b22f2ec5d2d7e	in academia, douglas has been the director of	in academia, douglas has been the director of the program in professional writing and an assistant professor of english at lehman college. she is presently associate professor of management communication in the warrington college of business administration at the university of florida.	wikipedia
5463ab0fef9389db23312f52a3ef92e6ab90bdb2	her ph.d. dissertation, "print pathways and interactive labyrinths:	her ph.d. dissertation, "print pathways and interactive labyrinths: how hypertext narratives affect the act of reading," was supervised by gordon m. pradl. she spent a year as a research fellow at brunel university in london examining the ways in which hypertext affects the construction of digital technologies.	wikipedia
2c82a62f1336d367b220c01f8d9760eec4bae9c4	she completed her undergraduate studies in english language	she completed her undergraduate studies in english language and literature at the university of michigan in 1982, where she went on to get an m.a in cinema and literary theory. she received her ph.d. in english and education from new york university in 1992.	wikipedia
75c0debf837150b1d918493a273100a5d791fa53	douglas was born june 25, 1962, in detroit,	douglas was born june 25, 1962, in detroit, michigan. she did not have a first name apart from the initial 'j.' but found that it was misstated so often that she adopted "jane' as her first name.	wikipedia
11c6ff31d7c0e4d024921fc2c1f3536399c17053	jane yellowlees douglas (born j. yellowlees douglas; june	jane yellowlees douglas (born j. yellowlees douglas; june 25, 1962) is a pioneer author and scholar of hypertext fiction. she began writing about hypermedia in the late 1980s, very early in the development of the medium. her 1993 fiction i have said nothing, was one of the first published works of hypertext fiction.	wikipedia
828e1be0e39eb64fcff8d4edb303c5c650d42a99	in april 2018 it was announced that he	in april 2018 it was announced that he would leave the it university of copenhagen at the end of the year. in january 2019, he announced that he would sail off from denmark, to be with his daughter, as a consequence of denmark's immigration laws, which prevented her from entering the country.	wikipedia
ffb6afe28fa5f32d3265324b5fcd310c53289033	in april 1999 he was appointed the first	in april 1999 he was appointed the first managing director of the it university of copenhagen. he oversaw the creation of the university from scratch, the hiring of faculty/staff, recruitment of students and the design of the study programs. the first students started 5 months later in september 1999. since 2003 he has...	wikipedia
3bd97f18255fe6999a45984261071f811bd26d20	in the late nineties he co-developed (with fritz	in the late nineties he co-developed (with fritz henglein and others) a type system and a sophisticated tool called annodomini for mitigation ofthe year 2000 problem in cobol software. the tool analyses legacy programs to discover all data fields that are used as dates. thiswork was presented in a popl 1999 invited key...	wikipedia
39f6bf2e260728ba5d337f7dd39989a3abd7dc59	subsequently, he developed (with jean-pierre talpin) the notion	subsequently, he developed (with jean-pierre talpin) the notion of region inference, a program analysis and memory management technique that avoids or minimizes the use of garbage collection. this work was first published in popl 1994 and in 2005 it earned the association for computing machinery (acm) popl 1994 most in...	wikipedia
742da576e7782cfc989e921c367cf78dd4a3826a	mads tofte is a co-author of the definition	mads tofte is a co-author of the definition of standard ml and the associated commentary, probably the most precise description developed for any realistic programming language. he co-developed the ml kit, an implementation of standard ml whose structure closely follows the definition.	wikipedia
93f9609398915331f379b98df8098fe2a7eaa0d0	in his 1984 msc thesis and prior work	in his 1984 msc thesis and prior work he investigated and formalized the ceres compiler generator (with neil d. jones), and showed that(1) a compiler generator is itself a compiler from language definitions to compilers; and (2) under suitable assumptions thereexists a language definition that, when applied to itself, ...	wikipedia
9b74fbbb58eaf38734ebab68baa8cb428ab603b6	tofte was born in lyngby, denmark and grew	tofte was born in lyngby, denmark and grew up in holbæk, denmark. he studied computer science and mathematics at the university of copenhagen where he obtained an msc degree (with supervisor neil d. jones) in 1984; then at university of edinburgh where he obtained a phd degree in 1988 (advised by robin milner). he is d...	wikipedia
3af5dc57499803b766cac824b8c9cf0b0a58e187	the historic kopu bridge is a single-lane swing	the historic kopu bridge is a single-lane swing bridge that spans the waihou river, near its emergence into the firth of thames in the thames-coromandel district of new zealand's north island. the bridge was completed in 1928 and was part of state highway 25. the swinging span in the middle of the bridge is 43 metres l...	wikipedia
0c6213eabbdc1583d1cefedc3cf70480951b55d3	due to its historical significance, it was suggested	due to its historical significance, it was suggested that the existing bridge be retained and upgraded, possibly to be integrated into the kopu to kaiaua cycleway along the coast, though the new bridge already provides access to cyclists and walkers. the old bridge was transferred to a community trust on 19 march 2018 ...	wikipedia
1f4a89d56c93709a553536ab26a812834993f5bd	the new bridge is 587 m long, and	the new bridge is 587 m long, and has 16 spans, with its foundations being driven 36 m to 50 m deep into the riverbed, due to the soft swampy ground not providing good support otherwise. much of the ground also had to be forcibly compacted first. the design incorporates images of waka and taniwha, and landscaping using...	wikipedia
57b85578ec79a9a2dc0348dd922e69c4d4d68c99	in addition to the constrained traffic over the	in addition to the constrained traffic over the bridge (with flows projected to increase by 2% per year over the next 15 years), investigations in 2001 had also found that the bridge was likely to be severely damaged or might even collapse in an earthquake stronger than that of a 300-500-year return period, and that it...	wikipedia
a9984704b39ccbae0d5ea03328c9635954e6611e	up to the 1960s, traffic used the passing	up to the 1960s, traffic used the passing bays, but after angry confrontations between motorists had become more common, lights were installed. until that time, the bridge had still sometimes used for herding of livestock, but soon after the signalisation, further increasing traffic queues began causing calls for a rep...	wikipedia
b21db93aafdbb5a79a9bb592f562785d0e68c621	it replaced the barges and ferries which had	it replaced the barges and ferries which had until then served to cross the waihou river, connected thames to the newly drained dairy farming grounds of the hauraki plains, and was reckoned to have made a big difference to the local district, having marked the local shift from river transport to road transport becoming...	wikipedia
fa60c427cb3fa6f95a8d8a6b8c1112e2024c59a7	the original bridge was built in 1928, under	the original bridge was built in 1928, under the lead of the main highways board after negotiations over its construction started in 1911, and planning begun in 1922. it was one of the largest such works of its time, with 23 spans and advanced deep piling for the soft ground of the river bed.	wikipedia
2dcd2996540ff506ec8965da47ba348b84036365	in december 2011 a new two-lane bridge opened	in december 2011 a new two-lane bridge opened directly to the south of the old bridge. the old bridge remains under active threat of demolition. however a local group, the historic kopu bridge society has been working since 2011 to retain the bridge into community ownership, so that it may remain as a pedestrian and cy...	wikipedia
c4a207f91b629b5c2f64a2633fd957382a4bac41	rarely used as boat traffic declined (especially for	rarely used as boat traffic declined (especially for shipping use, with the river once navigable all the way up to the town of paeroa) in the latter years before it was closed to traffic, the swing span could still be opened to provide a 15.3 m wide channel to passing vessels.	wikipedia
92aa748c0b1f0826aff0330f4c01f41d46f8019c	as the first available crossing of the waihou	as the first available crossing of the waihou river and the main link between the hauraki plains and coromandel peninsula, it sees a lot of traffic, especially during holidays. due to a gradual increase in the traffic between auckland and the coromandel peninsula, by the early 1990s the bridge became the most heavily u...	wikipedia
8181d71a6b236066f35c48d120f4f06ddf032b04	the historic kopu bridge (originally hauraki bridge and	the historic kopu bridge (originally hauraki bridge and sometimes waihou river bridge) is a single- lane swing bridge that spans the waihou river, near its emergence into the firth of thames in the thames-coromandel district of new zealand's north island. the bridge was completed in 1928 and was part of state highway 2...	wikipedia
df1acb9e855416278412e9d73278e82bcf29a454	in enzymology, a lactosylceramide 1,3-n-anning-beta-d-glrofelucosaminyltlolferase is an enzyme	in enzymology, a lactosylceramide 1,3-n-anning-beta-d-glrofelucosaminyltlolferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are udp-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-galactosyl-1,4-beta-d-glucosylceramide, whereas its 3 products are udp, n-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-d-gala...	wikipedia
75535168ed8e93e43a2ab3536bd0aa968a7a2ab0	this enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases,	this enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. the systematic name of this enzyme class is udp-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine:d-galactosyl-1,4-beta-d-glucosylceramide beta-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. other names in common use include la2 synthase, beta1->3-n-acetylglucos...	wikipedia
25271871ee2ee825a05053efced3c6a218101015	thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are	thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are udp-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-galactosyl-1,4-beta-d-glucosylceramide, whereas its 3 products are udp, n-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-d-galactosyl-1,4-beta-d-, and glucosylceramide.	wikipedia