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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
06f6e39695c180426c98f80ba1cdbc7a7cc9a70c	many industries such as food, beverages, cosmetics, and	many industries such as food, beverages, cosmetics, and even medicine utilize levan in their products. one of the reasons levan is able to be used in such a versatile way is that it fulfills all safety guidelines. levan does not cause any form of skin or eye irritation, has not shown any allergenic effects, and poses n...	wikipedia
40f7f894b849a1190feb11493954610486d41c8c	the beta 2,6 linkages of levan allow for	the beta 2,6 linkages of levan allow for it to be soluble in both water and oil; however, the water temperature varies the degree of solubility. levan also is insoluble in many organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. the branching of levan allows it to have a high tensile and cohesive strength, whi...	wikipedia
8555dc0bec9c68f78f387497a322eb274d82c4f4	levans are produced by microbes during colonization of	levans are produced by microbes during colonization of a food substrate. erwinia amylovora exudes levan and amylovoran as part of its biofilm. together they contribute to its pathogenicity. in 2016, ua-arak et al. developed a sourdough method with high levan output (among other exopolysaccharides).	wikipedia
0c1c936433c81ca409f72456cb157ffa71b08e10	levan is synthesized in archaea, fungi, bacteria, and	levan is synthesized in archaea, fungi, bacteria, and a limited number of plant species. fructans such as levan are synthesized from sucrose, a disaccharide containing glucose and fructose. in plants, the vacuole is where fructan production occurs. sucrose:sucrose/fructan 6-fructosyltransferase is the fructosyltransfer...	wikipedia
64843acb9497cebe346f4b4638c84e38e3603101	levan was first discovered through research on nattō,	levan was first discovered through research on nattō, a traditional japanese dish. natto was known as a " superfood " which promoted health and longevity in japan during the late 1800s. in 1881, edmund oscar von lippmann first discovered "lävulan" (levan) as the remaining gum from molasses in sugar beet production. lat...	wikipedia
228b8c434329b0f79a03e91b6ca7f996576993b3	levan is a naturally occurring fructan present in	levan is a naturally occurring fructan present in many plants and microorganisms. this polymer is made up of fructose, a monosaccharide sugar, connected by 2,6 beta glycosidic linkages. levan can have both branched and linear structures of relatively low molecular weight. branched levan forms a very small, sphere-like ...	wikipedia
394aaeb497dbca6e54d5dc1a966b95a640773d39	it differs from the older versions in having	it differs from the older versions in having an extended overhaul period of the engine hot components, extra gas-dynamic stability at varying duties, engine parameters accuracy and engine control quality, enhanced monitoring depth providing operation of the engine according to its technical condition and better weight ...	wikipedia
44873c73611e62d28a51a8e4f4732d27683fec5a	since february 2008, clifton has been sri international	since february 2008, clifton has been sri international 's vice president of products and services; and from october 2009 until its absorption into sri in january 2011, clifton was the ceo and president of sri's sarnoff corporation.	wikipedia
e2f22c5942404d4fb9109d82d6ce6b5b1546a20f	from 1979 to 2004, clifton was senior group	from 1979 to 2004, clifton was senior group vice president at anteon corporation, where he led research and development. from 2004 to 2007, clifton was the vice president and general manager of the c3 systems unit of drs technologies, which he reorganized into five primary business lines.	wikipedia
c918aab5509a56b5abda387391c5318ff7468109	clifton earned a bachelor of science in engineering	clifton earned a bachelor of science in engineering from jerry mcgee university in 1979, and a master of science in engineering from the rlm communications in 1987. clifton is also a clandestine freemason with the most worshipful prince hall john g jones grand lodge of florida.	wikipedia
5d70e23148b5a756ae7b86508f739e5abd9e0e52	1022 olympiada, provisional designation 1924 rt, is a	1022 olympiada, provisional designation 1924 rt, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered at the simeiz observatory on the crimean peninsula on 23 june 1924, by soviet astronomer vladimir albitsky, who named it after his mother, o...	wikipedia
22670a578b3f10abc425d76523bf0f157d0df593	according to the surveys carried out by the	according to the surveys carried out by the infrared astronomical satellite iras, the japanese akari satellite and the neowise mission of nasa's wide-field infrared survey explorer, olympiada measures between 26.39 and 34.30 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.105 and 0.1600.	wikipedia
090a15a5335ca10b153a0d017b85ac79d7c7ad9f	in 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from	in 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the uppsala asteroid photometric catalogue and other sources gave a concurring sidereal period 3.83359 hours, as well as two poles at (46.0°, 10.0°) and (242.0°, 52.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (q=2+). brian warner also determined two spin axes at (40.0°, 18.0°) and (...	wikipedia
4ac91492eb3abe9c36c85e5ece1724dc5a5f550b	this period is also in good agreement with	this period is also in good agreement with other observations obtained by astronomers at the belgrade astronomical observatory (3.8331 h; Δ0.35 mag) in march 2008, by astronomers at the palomar transient factory (3.835 h; Δ0.46 mag) in january 2012, and by a group of italian astronomers (3.834 h; Δ0.66 mag) in march 20...	wikipedia
7da1be3f61801159ae10707fc0b9e0efd2032d3f	several rotational lightcurves of olympiada have been obtained	several rotational lightcurves of olympiada have been obtained from photometric observations by american astronomer brian warner at his palmer divide observatory in colorado. analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from april 2008 gave a rotation period of 3.833 hours with a consolidated brightness variation between 0.27...	wikipedia
c300477bbd4eaa926fc59eff890e7c4396f6ac9c	this minor planet was named after olimpiada albitskaya,	this minor planet was named after olimpiada albitskaya, mother of the discoverer vladimir albitsky (1891–1952). no accurate naming citation was given for this asteroid in the names of the minor planets. the author of the dictionary of minor planets, lutz schmadel, learned about the naming circumstances from nikolai che...	wikipedia
171e2b0d136bb406cc1a496dcd37700e424c1007	olympiada is a non- family asteroid from the	olympiada is a non- family asteroid from the main belt's background population. it orbits the sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.3 au once every 4 years and 8 months (1,716 days; semi-major axis of 2.81 au). its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 21 ° with respect to the eclipt...	wikipedia
099c877a86fd6a3a0e9a1b6c9b5c30981d6ec8f7	1022 olympiada, provisional designation 1924 rt, is a	1022 olympiada, provisional designation 1924 rt, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) in diameter. it was discovered at the simeiz observatory on the crimean peninsula on 23 june 1924, by soviet astronomer vladimir albitsky, who named it after hi...	wikipedia
51e38d82dd85705727b53bd8fa78a5bfe6b534c7	of degree n > 1with coefficients in a	of degree n > 1with coefficients in a henselian field (k, v) and roots in thealgebraic closure k. let i and j be two disjoint,non-empty sets with union {1,..., n }. moreover, consider apolynomial	wikipedia
4bb2678bf6ade7d83ef780cb968c4305e39fd225	laura lee kiessling is an american chemist and	laura lee kiessling is an american chemist and the novartis professor of chemistry at the massachusetts institute of technology. kiessling's research focuses on elucidating and exploiting interactions on the cell surface, especially those mediated by proteins binding to carbohydrates. multivalent protein-carbohydrate i...	wikipedia
aa6c8929270cec28cfdb339667f0af8c32df00b4	kiessling is a fellow of the american association	kiessling is a fellow of the american association for the advancement of sciences and the american chemical society, as well as an elected member of the american academy of arts and sciences, american philosophical society, and american academy of microbiology. since 2005, she has served as the founding editor-in-chief...	wikipedia
fd64e7a4e73164317487efd9a8683fb927c5c15e	kiessling has received a number of awards and	kiessling has received a number of awards and honors in recognition of her research. she received a macarthur foundation fellowship (popularly called the "macarthur genius grant") in 1999. in 2007, kiessling was inducted as a member of the united states national academy of sciences and in 2017, she received the tetrahe...	wikipedia
5463e3a91c1f4ee7c6d40b3d1f87c4666c6a3c85	kiessling's contributions span the fields of organic synthesis,	kiessling's contributions span the fields of organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and molecular biology. she has made contributions to the synthesis and study of many biologically active molecules, including glycosyl donors, modified peptides, and glycopolymers. kiessling's research has used these molecules to probe c...	wikipedia
6e94d1160dfbacbed34d57190661f951eb5b67d8	in 1991, kiessling joined the faculty of the	in 1991, kiessling joined the faculty of the university of wisconsin–madison, where she became the steenbock professor of chemistry and the laurens anderson professor of biochemistry. while at uw-madison, kiessling also became the director of the keck center for chemical genomics and the national institutes of health c...	wikipedia
83166a68f750dfaf77cfb32e6e34ede978b8b27e	kiessling earned a b.s. in chemistry from the	kiessling earned a b.s. in chemistry from the massachusetts institute of technology in 1983 and a ph.d. in chemistry from yale university in 1989. at yale, she worked with stuart schreiber to synthesize and study small molecules as probes of biological function. after earning her phd, kiessling spent two years at the c...	wikipedia
f2d3db84884a1e28e56a2bcd69bee7f57f4fcabe	laura lee kiessling (born 21 september 1960) is	laura lee kiessling (born 21 september 1960) is an american chemist and the novartis professor of chemistry at the massachusetts institute of technology. kiessling's research focuses on elucidating and exploiting interactions on the cell surface, especially those mediated by proteins binding to carbohydrates. multivale...	wikipedia
27b6e52a7171d5aa4b171c43c92ab924e6d844ff	lea pearson graduated in psychology from the university	lea pearson graduated in psychology from the university of hull followed by teacher training. after teaching in birmingham, she moved to manchester where she completed the training in educational psychology. she worked as an educational psychologist in lancashire before becoming principal educational psychologist for t...	wikipedia
9030b78dfcae57bf08cceff9b726fedc7d772c1e	in his book dynamism of character in shakespeare's	in his book dynamism of character in shakespeare's mature tragedies literary theorist piotr sadowski adapted mazur's concept of dynamism of character to shakespeare's characters. in mazur's theory he defined "character" (being the properties of a system independent of the environment) as "a set of rigid controlling pro...	wikipedia
3c6b3fe920ba60758227d2520e7dfcce0c43a5f9	to describe the flow of information in a	to describe the flow of information in a general situation mazur developed a new theory of information. mazur's qualitative theory of information improved upon previously existing theories by distinguishing between information as such, the amount of information contained in a message, and the information required to id...	wikipedia
9a9d59a3506f260837ee0bc654cd3269301adec0	mazur became interested in subjects related to control	mazur became interested in subjects related to control theory and what would later be called cybernetics during world war ii. he started developing the theory of autonomous systems in 1942, but the destruction of the original manuscript in which he described his theory in the warsaw uprising and postwar events delayed ...	wikipedia
ed753f91cb5e6ac6c7bc5db0e50ce67401305aa2	in 1937 mazur pioneered work on automatic telephone	in 1937 mazur pioneered work on automatic telephone switchboards and developed a working prototype just before world war ii. after the war, he established a thermoelectrical laboratory and researched infrared heating. mazur attained a professorship in 1954 and later worked on standardizing terminology related to electr...	wikipedia
4fc9427b723ecda95397b58e01557a0329b4da09	marian mazur (radom, december 7, 1909 – warsaw,	marian mazur (radom, december 7, 1909 – warsaw, january 21, 1983) was a polish scientist who specialized in electrothermics and cybernetics, and the founding father of the polish school of cybernetics.	wikipedia
39cf5db24e81a3ceed253f2f77259a0128d5b9b0	the klimov vk-3 was the first soviet afterburning	the klimov vk-3 was the first soviet afterburning bypass turbojet engine. designed by s v lyunevich at klimov, at okb-117 in 1949, this engine first ran in 1952, and was qualified at 5,730 kg (12,632 lb) thrust (dry) and 8,440 kg (18,607 lb) thrust in 1954. the vk-3 was developed for the mikoyan-gurevich i-3 (i-380) an...	wikipedia
5c4a74551d534139b36ec492aecfbd674a2d9dc8	the vk-3 is a single-shaft turbofan engine with	the vk-3 is a single-shaft turbofan engine with a 10-stage axial compressor, an annular combustion chamber, a three-stage turbine, an afterburner and a variable supersonic nozzle. bypass air is drawn from the second stage of the compressor to 12 external pipes and is directed into the turbine through an adjustable mixi...	wikipedia
9846514181caf452d698e6e9c2ff50e9d63a7e3e	the klimov vk-3 was the first soviet afterburning	the klimov vk-3 was the first soviet afterburning bypass turbojet engine. designed by s v lyunevich at klimov, at okb-117 in 1949, this engine first ran in 1952, and was qualified at 5,730 kg (12,632 lb) thrust (dry) and 8,440 kg (18,607 lb) thrust (with afterburner) in 1954. the vk-3 was developed for the mikoyan-gure...	wikipedia
2602969633a2529057ee369486e69d116bdc8561	lars valter hörmander was a swedish mathematician who	lars valter hörmander was a swedish mathematician who has been called "the foremost contributor to the modern theory of linear partial differential equations". hörmander was awarded the fields medal in 1962 and the wolf prize in 1988. in 2006 he was awarded the steele prize for mathematical exposition for his four-volu...	wikipedia
76f5f140b1686201f6395f844c205e338f4e1d7c	hörmander devoted five years to compiling the four-volume	hörmander devoted five years to compiling the four-volume monograph, the analysis of linear partial differential operators, first published between 1983 and 1985. a follow-up of his linear partial differential operators, "illustrate the vast expansion of the subject" over the past 20 years, and is considered the "stand...	wikipedia
4036d4d47c1adeb2b34057f98c9e69cf330cdc63	his book linear partial differential operators, which largely	his book linear partial differential operators, which largely was the cause for his fields medal, has been described as "the first major account of this theory". it was published by springer-verlag in 1963 as part of the grundlehren series.	wikipedia
077c9440149e302673fe98557b5d5974962a549a	hörmander mostly remained at lund university as a	hörmander mostly remained at lund university as a professor after 1968 but made several visits to the united states during the two next decades. he visited the courant institute in 1970, and also the institute for advanced study in 1971 and during the academic year, 1977–1978 when a special year in microlocal analysis ...	wikipedia
d4ed7a431d10b17a35de8f7f28fb3d6f1f14740a	hörmander was given a position as a part-time	hörmander was given a position as a part-time professor at stanford in 1963 but was soon thereafter offered a professorship at the institute for advanced study in princeton, new jersey. he first wished not to leave sweden but attempts to find a research professorship in sweden failed and "the opportunity to do research...	wikipedia