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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
a1e5198607f6e41af0437f409d4eef30c5323a57	this distribution was developed to model failures due	this distribution was developed to model failures due to cracks. a material is placed under repeated cycles of stress. the j cycle leads to an increase in the crack by x amount. the sum of the x is assumed to be normally distributed with mean nμ and variance nσ. the probability that the crack does not exceed a critical...	wikipedia
93ce656e66082e424f111374712232db9c358a69	the birnbaum – saunders distribution, also known as	the birnbaum – saunders distribution, also known as the fatigue life distribution, is a probability distribution used extensively in reliability applications to model failure times. there are several alternative formulations of this distribution in the literature. it is named after z. w. birnbaum and s. c. saunders.	wikipedia
ad6b2f3abf80b8a0251cefabff66916c08a280f1	the first gas laser, using a mixture of	the first gas laser, using a mixture of helium and neon, was demonstrated in 1960 and emitted radiation at a wavelength of 1.15 μm (infrared range). two years later, white, together with dane rigden, showed that a helium-neon laser can emit radiation at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, i.e., in the visible range of the spectr...	wikipedia
549022a3e7da27137d04d5346e1e6a21979d1266	after completing his military service during world war	after completing his military service during world war ii, white graduated due to the g.i. bill. he earned degrees in physics and mathematics from rutgers university and syracuse university. from 1953 to 1983 he worked at bell laboratories. then he was a scientific consultant for tropel corp.	wikipedia
f4930f65fb47d51424d3aeba1b77568bc89f710e	anastrozole, sold under the brand name arimidex among	anastrozole, sold under the brand name arimidex among others, is an antiestrogenic medication used in addition to other treatments for breast cancer. specifically it is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. it has also been used to prevent breast cancer in those at high risk. it is taken by mouth. common si...	wikipedia
17f847d98c3da6a7f144867fe3c08a250fbf6ce4	anastrozole increases testosterone levels in males and has	anastrozole increases testosterone levels in males and has been studied as an alternative method of androgen replacement therapy in men with hypogonadism. however, there are concerns about its long-term influence on bone mineral density in this patient population, as well as other adverse effects.	wikipedia
ce2e3f0f4b712e72cdbd753297481969f1cb6530	an anastrozole and levonorgestrel vaginal ring (developmental code	an anastrozole and levonorgestrel vaginal ring (developmental code name bay 98–7196) was under development for use as a hormonal contraceptive and treatment for endometriosis, but development was discontinued in november 2018 and the formulation was never marketed.	wikipedia
0be25ad096351572812d7a1099d96c79ed880270	anastrozole is a nonsteroidal benzyl triazole. it is	anastrozole is a nonsteroidal benzyl triazole. it is also known as α,α,α',α'-tetramethyl-5-(1 h -1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)- m -benzenediacetonitrile. anastrozole is structurally related to letrozole, fadrozole, and vorozole, with all being classified as azoles.	wikipedia
29654a7aa4b51609634bd7d96edf9084cbbab264	the metabolism of anastrozole is by n-dealkylation, hydroxylation,	the metabolism of anastrozole is by n-dealkylation, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation. inhibition of aromatase is due to anastrozole itself rather than to metabolites, with the major circulating metabolite being inactive. the elimination half-life of anastrozole is 40 to 50 hours (1.7 to 2.1 days). this allows for con...	wikipedia
e2702828176b03e9fbcda8c56a8b597b56c79edc	active efflux of anastrozole by p-glycoprotein at the	active efflux of anastrozole by p-glycoprotein at the blood–brain barrier has been found to limit the central nervous system penetration of anastrozole in rodents, whereas this was not the case with letrozole and vorozole. as such, anastrozole may have peripheral selectivity in humans, although this has yet to be confi...	wikipedia
fb55c25885fed5ce302e5c6b16609fe93cdde858	the bioavailability of anastrozole in humans is unknown,	the bioavailability of anastrozole in humans is unknown, but it was found to be well-absorbed in animals. absorption of anastrozole is linear over a dosage range of 1 to 20 mg/day in humans and does not change with repeated administration. food does not significantly influence the extent of absorption of anastrozole. p...	wikipedia
9c5593b854564ab623d7f47453ac2e2d526d1bc3	anastrozole works by reversibly binding to the aromatase	anastrozole works by reversibly binding to the aromatase enzyme, and through competitive inhibition blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogens in peripheral (extragonadal) tissues. the medication has been found to achieve 96.7% to 97.3% inhibition of aromatase at a dosage of 1 mg/day and 98.1% inhibition of aromat...	wikipedia
d3a2f208d52463a0ed0fb13f5705352a9b031fbc	anastrozole does not affect circulating levels of tamoxifen	anastrozole does not affect circulating levels of tamoxifen or its major metabolite n -desmethyltamoxifen. however, tamoxifen has been found to decrease steady-state area-under-the-curve levels of anastrozole by 27%. but estradiol levels were not significantly different in the group that received both anastrozole and t...	wikipedia
1d404c12aba0bb8e4d2637d145941ab99ef52f76	anastrozole is thought to have clinically negligible inhibitory	anastrozole is thought to have clinically negligible inhibitory effects on the cytochrome p450 enzymes cyp1a2, cyp2a6, cyp2d6, cyp2c8, cyp2c9, and cyp2c19. as a result, it is thought that drug interactions of anastrozole with cytochrome p450 substrates are unlikely. no clinically significant drug interactions have been...	wikipedia
5fd68511207439d36e5a744b9b4984eafc44384f	common side effects of anastrozole (≥10% incidence) include	common side effects of anastrozole (≥10% incidence) include hot flashes, asthenia, arthritis, pain, arthralgia, hypertension, depression, nausea and vomiting, rash, osteoporosis, bone fractures, back pain, insomnia, headache, bone pain, peripheral edema, coughing, dyspnea, pharyngitis, and lymphedema. serious but rare ...	wikipedia
0c2c140239e67bc26d431fa3a7d40fe5c4037f40	contraindications of anastrozole include hypersensitivity to anastrozole or	contraindications of anastrozole include hypersensitivity to anastrozole or any other component of anastrozole formulations, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. hypersensitivity reactions to anastrozole including anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria have been observed.	wikipedia
94fe9f4ad82d8c182bad76e2a2fd90f45baa5ca6	anastrozole is used at a dosage of 0.5	anastrozole is used at a dosage of 0.5 to 1 mg/day in combination with the antiandrogen bicalutamide in the treatment of peripheral precocious puberty, for instance due to familial male-limited precocious puberty (testotoxicosis) and mccune–albright syndrome, in boys.	wikipedia
45e5d34bc948795f934830264cbc2d9a0f41d680	anastrozole is used in the treatment and prevention	anastrozole is used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer in women. the a rimidex, t amoxifen, a lone or in c ombination (atac) trial was of localized breast cancer and women received either anastrozole, the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, or both for five years, followed by five years of fo...	wikipedia
cb437edfe0757cc70793f073c41d1b48eeba2d78	anastrozole was patented in 1987 and was approved	anastrozole was patented in 1987 and was approved for medical use in 1995. it is on the world health organization's list of essential medicines. anastrozole is available as a generic medication. in 2021, it was the 182nd most commonly prescribed medication in the united states, with more than 2 million prescriptions.	wikipedia
7c2795502924b63753eff4c6b7a66c9f67563895	common side effects of anastrozole include hot flashes,	common side effects of anastrozole include hot flashes, altered mood, joint pain, and nausea. severe side effects include an increased risk of heart disease and osteoporosis. use during pregnancy may harm the baby. anastrozole is in the aromatase-inhibiting family of medications. it works by blocking the production of ...	wikipedia
1fa911f97a9a6defda68139c5d1a414515b9ee94	anastrozole, sold under the brand name arimidex among	anastrozole, sold under the brand name arimidex among others, is an antiestrogenic medication used in addition to other treatments for breast cancer. specifically it is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. it has also been used to prevent breast cancer in those at high risk. it is taken by mouth.	wikipedia
fd1006adb98aed40be8acfd99ef844f019728005	annexin a2 also known as annexin ii is	annexin a2 also known as annexin ii is a protein that in humans is encoded by the anxa2 gene. annexin 2 is involved in diverse cellular processes such as cell motility, linkage of membrane-associated protein complexes to the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, fibrinolysis, ion channel formation, and cell matrix interacti...	wikipedia
9a15a42aef0c9fbd7ededd16ab54c148cb273adb	it is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein whose function	it is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein whose function is to help organize exocytosis of intracellular proteins to the extracellular domain. annexin ii is a pleiotropic protein meaning that its function is dependent on place and time in the body.	wikipedia
3f7b20e8442fb359dc93ade30fdc03dd6c9f981b	this protein is a member of the annexin	this protein is a member of the annexin family. members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. this protein functions as an autocrine factor which heightens osteoclast formation and bone resorption. epigenetic r...	wikipedia
791e49a75d8aa40d4671f027e57618fe11898679	the anxa2 gene, located at 15q22.2, has three	the anxa2 gene, located at 15q22.2, has three pseudogenes located on chromosomes 4, 9 and 10, respectively. multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.	wikipedia
98c6115b6710d6a27a15663614e835c7f0dcdf64	annexin 2 is involved in diverse cellular processes	annexin 2 is involved in diverse cellular processes such as cell motility (especially that of the epithelial cells), linkage of membrane-associated protein complexes to the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, fibrinolysis, ion channel formation, and cell matrix interactions.it is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding p...	wikipedia
6d6c2908d33f36a8afba35e50f7a01f6c7eb0443	the 2010 iihf inline hockey world championship was	the 2010 iihf inline hockey world championship was the 15th iihf inline hockey world championship, the premier annual international inline hockey tournament. it took place between 28 june and 4 july in sweden. the games were played in the löfbergs lila arena in karlstad. the us team won the final against the czech repu...	wikipedia
5f57c9c13b18055e0c2af2682e5323d62d1984d5	the last team from each group of the	the last team from each group of the preliminary round competed in the qualification games against the top team from each group of the division i tournament's preliminary round. they were placed into two games: teams from groups a and c played each other in group a/c, while teams from groups b and d played each other i...	wikipedia
8b28d36a04ab51d073c6dd49cafbfe43a84d6e49	each team's roster for the 2010 iihf inline	each team's roster for the 2010 iihf inline hockey world championship consisted of at least 8 skaters (forwards, and defencemen) and 2 goaltenders, and at most 16 skaters and 3 goaltenders.	wikipedia
72c66ba44c7e0dacc99c1012ba34b9f827ab2682	the seeding in the preliminary round was based	the seeding in the preliminary round was based on the final standings at the 2009 iihf inline hockey world championship and 2009 iihf inline hockey world championship division i. the teams were grouped accordingly by seeding at the previous year's tournament (in parentheses is the corresponding seeding):	wikipedia
6d6c2908d33f36a8afba35e50f7a01f6c7eb0443	the 2010 iihf inline hockey world championship was	the 2010 iihf inline hockey world championship was the 15th iihf inline hockey world championship, the premier annual international inline hockey tournament. it took place between 28 june and 4 july in sweden. the games were played in the löfbergs lila arena in karlstad. the us team won the final against the czech repu...	wikipedia
ffd51b8a5593bcecd60791626d8ce49107ac6c32	the 2023 fiba women's asia cup was the	the 2023 fiba women's asia cup was the 30th edition of the tournament, held from 26 june to 2 july 2023 in sydney, australia. this was the first time australia hosted this tournament. the top four teams qualified for the 2024 women's olympic qualifying tournaments. china won their 12th title after a win in the final ov...	wikipedia
001dbcbd93b4164e0c033e5d2c280705d9fdc99d	the eight teams were split into two groups	the eight teams were split into two groups of four teams. the first-placed team qualified to the semifinals while the second-and third-placed teams played in a playoff round. the second-placed teams faced off against the third-placed teams. a knockout-system was used after the preliminary round with the losing teams pl...	wikipedia
8eeb3658bc7a1a5af51e2cc608a6132157bde21f	the 2023 fiba women's asia cup was the	the 2023 fiba women's asia cup was the 30th edition of the tournament, held from 26 june to 2 july 2023 in sydney, australia. this was the first time australia hosted this tournament. the top four teams qualified for the 2024 women's olympic qualifying tournaments.	wikipedia
05f4253d5c88403bfc91fe8c695f6e6e59a19853	the 2004 uncle tobys hardcourts was a women's	the 2004 uncle tobys hardcourts was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. it was the 8th edition of the event then known as the uncle tobys hardcourts, and was a tier iii event on the 2004 wta tour. it took place in gold coast, queensland, australia, from 4 january through 10 january 2004. first-se...	wikipedia
05f4253d5c88403bfc91fe8c695f6e6e59a19853	the 2004 uncle tobys hardcourts was a women's	the 2004 uncle tobys hardcourts was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. it was the 8th edition of the event then known as the uncle tobys hardcourts, and was a tier iii event on the 2004 wta tour. it took place in gold coast, queensland, australia, from 4 january through 10 january 2004. first-se...	wikipedia
8fd33dca5b72c3815e4c83f97685c13b9c77d54a	alexander scott rae is a scottish professional football	alexander scott rae is a scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. he currently acts as a first team coach to philippe clement at rangers. rae began his youth career at rangers and started his senior career at falkirk. rae played for millwall, sunderland, wolverhampton wandere...	wikipedia
b04381a77b66017744b98a134de3e6ef8ec262eb	rae became assistant to paul ince at reading	rae became assistant to paul ince at reading in february 2022. on 11 april 2023, rae and ince were sacked by reading. on 1 october 2023, rae joined scottish premiership side rangers as a first-team coach after the sacking of manager michael beale.	wikipedia
6f7a6ff9d4adfd982e307924286b0179e3b89354	rae was appointed manager of scottish championship side	rae was appointed manager of scottish championship side st mirren in december 2015, after former manager ian murray resigned. after an unsuccessful start to the 2016–17 season, rae and his assistant david farrell were sacked by the club.	wikipedia
19806508a3fc55006755f82068698f2be7d78d7c	on 21 january 2014, along with paul ince,	on 21 january 2014, along with paul ince, rae's blackpool contract was terminated and he left the club. in august 2014 he became assistant manager at belgian club krc genk, working with alex mcleish.	wikipedia