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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
3a1c494e45347a250428bec2f901d282ea92ce38	according to precise correspondence, combined with camera location	according to precise correspondence, combined with camera location parameters, 3d geometric information can be recovered without difficulties. due to the fact that accuracy of 3d reconstruction depends on the precision of correspondence, error of camera location parameters and so on, the previous procedures must be don...	wikipedia
1c95e7558a94014d0e586658123e369053d7d0d7	stereo correspondence is to establish the correspondence between	stereo correspondence is to establish the correspondence between primitive factors in images, i.e. to match p 1 (u 1, v 1) {\displaystyle p_{1}(u_{1},v_{1})} and p 2 (u 2, v 2) {\displaystyle p_{2}(u_{2},v_{2})} from two images. certain interference factors in the scenario should be noticed, e.g. illumination, noise, s...	wikipedia
c733db25de10fb7a4b8d33138530ba15e09daf9e	the aim of feature extraction is to gain	the aim of feature extraction is to gain the characteristics of the images, through which the stereo correspondence processes. as a result, the characteristics of the images closely link to the choice of matching methods. there is no such universally applicable theory for features extraction, leading to a great diversi...	wikipedia
d7c65bc4362ad6d16746ba96bdba056e7501366a	camera calibration in binocular stereo vision refers to	camera calibration in binocular stereo vision refers to the determination of the mapping relationship between the image points p 1 (u 1, v 1) {\displaystyle p_{1}(u_{1},v_{1})} and p 2 (u 2, v 2) {\displaystyle p_{2}(u_{2},v_{2})}, and space coordinate p (x p, y p, z p) {\displaystyle p(x_{p},y_{p},z_{p})} in the 3d sc...	wikipedia
306a8d1d905b9b435ab43286d57fde4c4d02950b	2d digital image acquisition is the information source	2d digital image acquisition is the information source of 3d reconstruction. commonly used 3d reconstruction is based on two or more images, although it may employ only one image in some cases. there are various types of methods for image acquisition that depends on the occasions and purposes of the specific applicatio...	wikipedia
fc9cbac4179ec18abe17fe64ec5c8bddfe576481	where (x p, y p, z p) {\displaystyle	where (x p, y p, z p) {\displaystyle (x_{p},y_{p},z_{p})} are coordinates of p {\displaystyle p} in the left camera's coordinate system, f {\displaystyle f} is focal length of the camera.visual disparity is defined as the difference in image point location of a certain world point acquired by two cameras,	wikipedia
bc4df496d10c56a3c8f2f8912fe98a883b819170	the origin of the camera's coordinate system is	the origin of the camera's coordinate system is at the optical center of the camera's lens as shown in the figure. actually, the camera's image plane is behind the optical center of the camera's lens. however, to simplify the calculation, images are drawn in front of the optical center of the lens by f. the u-axis and ...	wikipedia
fcc9b335ff22956d4e56737e1cd0955f34f05804	the approach of using binocular stereo vision to	the approach of using binocular stereo vision to acquire object's 3d geometric information is on the basis of visual disparity. the following picture provides a simple schematic diagram of horizontally sighted binocular stereo vision, where b is the baseline between projective centers of two cameras.	wikipedia
ca27a65de5d53873291b2e8b007002f9b4abb5c2	binocular stereo vision method requires two identical cameras	binocular stereo vision method requires two identical cameras with parallel optical axis to observe one same object, acquiring two images from different points of view. in terms of trigonometry relations, depth information can be calculated from disparity. binocular stereo vision method is well developed and stably con...	wikipedia
67538466e719c637d1a14974a7ad31be46f6bad4	stereo vision obtains the 3-dimensional geometric information of	stereo vision obtains the 3-dimensional geometric information of an object from multiple images based on the research of human visual system. the results are presented in form of depth maps. images of an object acquired by two cameras simultaneously in different viewing angles, or by one single camera at different time...	wikipedia
b2e219adb1e1c2608357d2ed5a20e1ee71e89cb8	machine learning based solutions machine learning enables learning	machine learning based solutions machine learning enables learning the correspondance between the subtle features in the input and the respective 3d equivalent. deep neural networks have shown to be highly effective for 3d reconstruction from a single color image. this works even for non-photorealistic input images suc...	wikipedia
ac8988e9fd753fd4d4536f5048a469f22d06ebe5	shape-from-texture suppose such an object with smooth surface	shape-from-texture suppose such an object with smooth surface covered by replicated texture units, and its projection from 3d to 2d causes distortion and perspective. distortion and perspective measured in 2d images provide the hint for inversely solving depth of normal information of the object surface.	wikipedia
33c1e643e27f3dc0ca2d304b4b356cbd92d304e9	monocular cues methods refer to using one or	monocular cues methods refer to using one or more images from one viewpoint (camera) to proceed to 3d construction. it makes use of 2d characteristics(e.g. silhouettes, shading and texture) to measure 3d shape, and that's why it is also named shape-from-x, where x can be silhouettes, shading, texture etc. 3d reconstruc...	wikipedia
480a494b26ea1b3c6221de8d017988bc979c1341	passive methods of 3d reconstruction do not interfere	passive methods of 3d reconstruction do not interfere with the reconstructed object; they only use a sensor to measure the radiance reflected or emitted by the object's surface to infer its 3d structure through image understanding. typically, the sensor is an image sensor in a camera sensitive to visible light and the ...	wikipedia
8145de83869bd3533322a7aae68a29ac51335626	active methods, i.e. range data methods, given the	active methods, i.e. range data methods, given the depth map, reconstruct the 3d profile by numerical approximation approach and build the object in scenario based on model. these methods actively interfere with the reconstructed object, either mechanically or radiometrically using rangefinders, in order to acquire the...	wikipedia
bee7b6f513aa318358bd243edbbee8aad6ea0d76	the research of 3d reconstruction has always been	the research of 3d reconstruction has always been a difficult goal. by using 3d reconstruction one can determine any object's 3d profile, as well as knowing the 3d coordinate of any point on the profile. the 3d reconstruction of objects is a generally scientific problem and core technology of a wide variety of fields, ...	wikipedia
c0591bf83127db6f71a1c98f25424c7db489f854	in computer vision and computer graphics, 3d reconstruction	in computer vision and computer graphics, 3d reconstruction is the process of capturing the shape and appearance of real objects.this process can be accomplished either by active or passive methods. if the model is allowed to change its shape in time, this is referred to as non-rigid or spatio-temporal reconstruction.	wikipedia
246b0dc485d262e4ffcde77e8124e586411b1615	azacitidine, sold under the brand name vidaza among	azacitidine, sold under the brand name vidaza among others, is a medication used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloid leukemia, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. it is a chemical analog of cytidine, a nucleoside in dna and rna. azacitidine and its deoxy derivative, decitabine were first synthesize...	wikipedia
d50e51142f4d762c0a757253dbe299dc338e904e	in research, 5-azacitidine is commonly used for promoting	in research, 5-azacitidine is commonly used for promoting cardiomyocyte differentiation of adult stem cells. however, it has been suggested that this drug has a compromised efficacy as a cardiac differentiation factor because it promotes the transdifferentiation of cardiac cells to skeletal myocytes.	wikipedia
fe41b926716dea5326cba97f580a9e2aa0291d7c	azacitidine can be used in vitro to remove	azacitidine can be used in vitro to remove methyl groups from dna. this may weaken the effects of gene silencing mechanisms that occur prior to methylation. certain methylations are believed to secure dna in a silenced state, and therefore demethylation may reduce the stability of silencing signals and confer relative ...	wikipedia
f81256bc9e461de5d6389008accfbedad9165144	the efficacy of azacitidine to treat juvenile myelomonocytic	the efficacy of azacitidine to treat juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia was evaluated in aza-jmml-001 (nct02447666), an international, multicenter, open-label study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and activity of azacitidine prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 18 pediatric pati...	wikipedia
418b4948505ed5dc7fac4ed6a4c715bf1cba557d	azacitidine can also cause nausea, vomiting, fevers, diarrhea,	azacitidine can also cause nausea, vomiting, fevers, diarrhea, redness at its injection sites, constipation, bruising, petechiae, rigors, weakness, abnormally low potassium levels in the bloodstream, and many other side effects, some of which can be severe or even fatal.	wikipedia
5c9ccebbca5cca1aa71c0964e0ffe77a8a039045	a study undertaken to evaluate the immediate and	a study undertaken to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of a single-day exposure to azacytidine (5-azac) on neurobehavioral abnormalities in mice found, that the inhibition of dna methylation by 5-azac treatment causes neurodegeneration and impairs extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk1/2) activation an...	wikipedia
b0be681daf1da94d19b0d2a0ddaf668d852b92ba	based on animal studies and its mechanism of	based on animal studies and its mechanism of action, azacitidine can cause severe fetal damage. sexually active women of reproductive potential should use contraception during while receiving azacitidine and for one week after the last dose, and sexually active men with female partners of reproductive potential should ...	wikipedia
b4bd5bbf879f192d50c36e38f74e9c802fb0cf3b	kidney toxicity, ranging from elevated serum creatinine to	kidney toxicity, ranging from elevated serum creatinine to kidney failure and death, have been reported in patients treated with intravenous azacitidine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents for conditions other than myelodysplastic syndrome. renal tubular acidosis developed in five patients with chronic my...	wikipedia
44157ac8222e77d4e82b79feed6d2b55823f0043	it can also be hepatotoxic in patients with	it can also be hepatotoxic in patients with severe liver impairment, and patients with extensive liver tumors due to metastatic disease have developed progressive hepatic coma and death during azacitidine treatment, especially when their albumin levels are less than 30 g/l. it is contraindicated in patients with advanc...	wikipedia
08b415c6ca381812b34814c9bda604c819a05a94	azacitidine causes anemia (low red blood cell counts),	azacitidine causes anemia (low red blood cell counts), neutropenia (low white blood cell counts), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts), and patients should have frequent monitoring of their complete blood counts, at least prior to each dosing cycle. the dose may have to be adjusted based on nadir counts and hemat...	wikipedia
80db0b316755985048ade9b6db0e4809356ec33c	after azanucleosides such as azacitidine have been metabolized	after azanucleosides such as azacitidine have been metabolized to 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine-triphosphate (aka, decitabine-triphosphate), they can be incorporated into dna and azacytosine can be substituted for cytosine. azacytosine-guanine dinucleotides are recognized as substrate by the dna methyltransferases, which cata...	wikipedia
21ae2e11026fa206e8c708d3047096ec65342e75	azacitidine is a chemical analogue of the nucleoside	azacitidine is a chemical analogue of the nucleoside cytidine, which is present in dna and rna. it is thought to have antineoplastic activity via two mechanisms – at low doses, by inhibiting of dna methyltransferase, causing hypomethylation of dna, and at high doses, by its direct cytotoxicity to abnormal hematopoietic...	wikipedia
ca34d374a6a60bef290f4dd8d3a4c9947210df46	azacitidine is indicated for the treatment of myelodysplastic	azacitidine is indicated for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, for which it received approval by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) on 19 may 2004. in two randomized controlled trials comparing azacitidine to supportive treatment, 16% of subjects with myelodysplastic syndrome who were randomized to re...	wikipedia
c406113f93fcda665e3337c3815a5daf3f2c7389	azacitidine, sold under the brand name vidaza among	azacitidine, sold under the brand name vidaza among others, is a medication used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloid leukemia, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. it is a chemical analog of cytidine, a nucleoside in dna and rna. azacitidine and its deoxy derivative, decitabine (also known as 5-aza-...	wikipedia
bb5abe0a23a068e5c4bc45f39940d033277c1719	in computer science, an algorithm is said to	in computer science, an algorithm is said to be asymptotically optimal if, roughly speaking, for large inputs it performs at worst a constant factor worse than the best possible algorithm. it is a term commonly encountered in computer science research as a result of widespread use of big-o notation. more formally, an a...	wikipedia
6b114d84de0d581f652b5596ddac45c7f11e2e7f	in computer science, an algorithm is said to	present advantages such as better performance on specific inputs, decreased use of resources, or being simpler to describe and implement. thus asymptotically optimal algorithms are not always the "end of the line". although asymptotically optimal algorithms are important theoretical results, an asymptotically optimal ...	wikipedia
2bd55229ffa73e876c9cbf93032e77f0b6b1df65	on modern computers, hardware optimizations such as memory	on modern computers, hardware optimizations such as memory cache and parallel processing may be "broken" by an asymptotically optimal algorithm. in this case, there could be sub-optimal algorithms that make better use of these features and outperform an optimal algorithm on realistic data. an example of an asymptotical...	wikipedia
f8a5529a651871930f89d40aaf970667315e2600	the nonexistence of an asymptotically optimal algorithm is	the nonexistence of an asymptotically optimal algorithm is called speedup. blum's speedup theorem shows that there exist artificially constructed problems with speedup. however, it is an open problem whether many of the most well-known algorithms today are asymptotically optimal or not. for example, there is an o (n α ...	wikipedia
3009125fcf534a61893986fc60cc84773b22532b	sometimes vague or implicit assumptions can make it	sometimes vague or implicit assumptions can make it unclear whether an algorithm is asymptotically optimal. for example, a lower bound theorem might assume a particular abstract machine model, as in the case of comparison sorts, or a particular organization of memory. by violating these assumptions, a new algorithm cou...	wikipedia
706e9861b8469f1340d81f67dd006817b0f3f1cb	formally, suppose that we have a lower-bound theorem	formally, suppose that we have a lower-bound theorem showing that a problem requires Ω(f(n)) time to solve for an instance (input) of size n (see big o notation § big omega notation for the definition of Ω). then, an algorithm which solves the problem in o(f(n)) time is said to be asymptotically optimal. this can also ...	wikipedia
5edb059b222195af9abfaa84ff9b8d2d7338622c	an example of an asymptotically optimal algorithm not	an example of an asymptotically optimal algorithm not used in practice is bernard chazelle 's linear-time algorithm for triangulation of a simple polygon. another is the resizable array data structure published in "resizable arrays in optimal time and space", which can index in constant time but on many machines carrie...	wikipedia
8154c93e521d96de99423c1b355d978cbf5dff0a	in practice it's useful to find algorithms that	in practice it's useful to find algorithms that perform better, even if they do not enjoy any asymptotic advantage. new algorithms may also present advantages such as better performance on specific inputs, decreased use of resources, or being simpler to describe and implement. thus asymptotically optimal algorithms are...	wikipedia
41e0131f08794fd8850d3f4c0f577aab2f3a5701	a consequence of an algorithm being asymptotically optimal	a consequence of an algorithm being asymptotically optimal is that, for large enough inputs, no algorithm can outperform it by more than a constant factor. for this reason, asymptotically optimal algorithms are often seen as the "end of the line" in research, the attaining of a result that cannot be dramatically improv...	wikipedia