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3038124b667cbfa52ea5da48847668412f508782 | on september 30, 2016, the fda issued a | on september 30, 2016, the fda issued a safety alert to consumers warning against the use of homeopathic teething gels and tablets following reports of adverse events after their use. the agency recommended that parents discard these products and "seek advice from their health care professional for safe alternatives" t... | wikipedia |
442224e2eb1d17532527bf514fb8d05f97197478 | some homeopathic preparations involve poisons such as belladonna, | some homeopathic preparations involve poisons such as belladonna, arsenic, and poison ivy, which are highly diluted in the homeopathic preparation. in rare cases, the original ingredients are present at detectable levels. this may be due to improper preparation or intentional low dilution. serious adverse effects such ... | wikipedia |
7176d499f60a5f32b79e629f85b9c0391b314910 | in 2015 the federal court of australia imposed | in 2015 the federal court of australia imposed penalties on a homeopathic company, homeopathy plus! pty ltd and its director, for making false or misleading statements about the efficacy of the whooping cough vaccine and homeopathic remedies as an alternative to the whooping cough vaccine, in breach of the australian c... | wikipedia |
00afef6773e8f5724c69368b1389975524629200 | edzard ernst, the first professor of complementary medicine | edzard ernst, the first professor of complementary medicine in the united kingdom and a former homeopathic practitioner, has expressed his concerns about pharmacists who violate their ethical code by failing to provide customers with "necessary and relevant information" about the true nature of the homeopathic products... | wikipedia |
00c8e9687b033f2dd86a6fc57bacd558b9aeed8c | in 2001 and 2004, madeleine ennis published a | in 2001 and 2004, madeleine ennis published a number of studies that reported that homeopathic dilutions of histamine exerted an effect on the activity of basophils. in response to the first of these studies, horizon aired a programme in which british scientists attempted to replicate ennis' results; they were unable t... | wikipedia |
d8753fde6e6a5a201aff7ab00c2e091029f58f17 | in 1987, french immunologist jacques benveniste submitted a | in 1987, french immunologist jacques benveniste submitted a paper to the journal nature while working at inserm. the paper purported to have discovered that basophils, a type of white blood cell, released histamine when exposed to a homeopathic dilution of anti-immunoglobulin e antibody. the journal editors, sceptical ... | wikipedia |
4864ca410674e1e4497527f1d778944ebc65afb9 | while some articles have suggested that homeopathic solutions | while some articles have suggested that homeopathic solutions of high dilution can have statistically significant effects on organic processes including the growth of grain, histamine release by leukocytes, and enzyme reactions, such evidence is disputed since attempts to replicate them have failed. a 2007 systematic r... | wikipedia |
282702a76735f4100dc7f04ad2fd35c6be5e6f2f | the american college of medical toxicology and the | the american college of medical toxicology and the american academy of clinical toxicology recommend that no one use homeopathic treatment for disease or as a preventive health measure. these organizations report that no evidence exists that homeopathic treatment is effective, but that there is evidence that using thes... | wikipedia |
28eae210771ca3223f879c99c9cef4688de4c31c | health organizations such as the uk's national health | health organizations such as the uk's national health service, the american medical association, the faseb, and the national health and medical research council of australia, have issued statements of their conclusion that there is "no good-quality evidence that homeopathy is effective as a treatment for any health con... | wikipedia |
1c2750f85892415c90ee663a28756f3c4d7430b4 | some clinical trials have tested individualized homeopathy, and | some clinical trials have tested individualized homeopathy, and there have been reviews of this, specifically. a 1998 review found 32 trials that met their inclusion criteria, 19 of which were placebo-controlled and provided enough data for meta-analysis. these 19 studies showed a pooled odds ratio of 1.17 to 2.23 in f... | wikipedia |
3036feb5fdcd17ab0da3e48ee402c6449e5bddd0 | other meta-analyses include homeopathic treatments to reduce cancer | other meta-analyses include homeopathic treatments to reduce cancer therapy side-effects following radiotherapy and chemotherapy, allergic rhinitis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and childhood diarrhoea, adenoid vegetation, asthma, upper respiratory tract infection in children, insomnia, fibromyalgia, psychi... | wikipedia |
b06ac0bb8b8f24ba84265add9244202ad816bfe9 | in 2005, the lancet medical journal published a | in 2005, the lancet medical journal published a meta-analysis of 110 placebo-controlled homeopathy trials and 110 matched medical trials based upon the swiss government 's programme for evaluating complementary medicine, or pek. the study concluded that its findings were "compatible with the notion that the clinical ef... | wikipedia |
02c4a80d0718df8f64c0ba4a6393a8bb9391db59 | subsequent work by john ioannidis and others has | subsequent work by john ioannidis and others has shown that for treatments with no prior plausibility, the chances of a positive result being a false positive are much higher, and that any result not consistent with the null hypothesis should be assumed to be a false positive. | wikipedia |
b64f49278f654bcae8871daeb18a513d13a598c2 | the evidence of bias weakens the findings of | the evidence of bias weakens the findings of our original meta-analysis. since we completed our literature search in 1995, a considerable number of new homeopathy trials have been published. the fact that a number of the new high-quality trials... have negative results, and a recent update of our review for the most "o... | wikipedia |
1f0a160037d2028dce47cb2bbbe958a210a9b6d6 | both meta-analyses, which statistically combine the results of | both meta-analyses, which statistically combine the results of several randomized controlled trials, and other systematic reviews of the literature are essential tools to summarize evidence of therapeutic efficacy. early systematic reviews and meta-analyses of trials evaluating the efficacy of homeopathic preparations ... | wikipedia |
5a910d10aa28075d49fc3b584f877e9e975a0cb3 | a related issue is publication bias: researchers are | a related issue is publication bias: researchers are more likely to submit trials that report a positive finding for publication, and journals prefer to publish positive results. publication bias has been particularly marked in alternative medicine journals, where few of the published articles (just 5% during the year ... | wikipedia |
1a364669f6f97cbac8dacb95035449f2b0a1f95f | the fact that individual randomized controlled trials have | the fact that individual randomized controlled trials have given positive results is not in contradiction with an overall lack of statistical evidence of efficacy. a small proportion of randomized controlled trials inevitably provide false-positive outcomes due to the play of chance: a statistically significant positiv... | wikipedia |
b9eab8fc640c0fe260cfd9d129b068f3f8042d64 | on september 20, 2017, the european academies' science | on september 20, 2017, the european academies' science advisory council (easac) published its official analysis and conclusion on the use of homeopathic products, finding a lack of evidence that homeopathic products are effective, and raising concerns about quality control. | wikipedia |
471ed90260d37a0baee75959ecd9c4b64c35bf7b | the australian national health and medical research council | the australian national health and medical research council completed a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of homeopathic preparations in 2015, in which it concluded that "there were no health conditions for which there was reliable evidence that homeopathy was effective. no good-quality, well-designed studies w... | wikipedia |
8b5d76c8c85abdc493698475eeb10e07936b4107 | the united kingdom's house of commons science and | the united kingdom's house of commons science and technology committee sought written evidence and submissions from concerned parties and, following a review of all submissions, concluded that there was no compelling evidence of effect other than placebo and recommended that the medicines and healthcare products regula... | wikipedia |
f180dbcda90ba262d90c53a69b9b220de2766406 | the swiss programme for the evaluation of complementary | the swiss programme for the evaluation of complementary medicine (pek) resulted in the peer-reviewed shang publication (see systematic reviews and meta-analyses of efficacy) and a controversial competing analysis by homeopaths and advocates led by gudrun bornhöft and peter matthiessen, which has misleadingly been prese... | wikipedia |
d41762cda748198bbd2ee230fcd9cb574b692404 | no individual homeopathic preparation has been unambiguously shown | no individual homeopathic preparation has been unambiguously shown by research to be different from placebo. the methodological quality of the primary research was generally low, with such problems as weaknesses in study design and reporting, small sample size, and selection bias. since better quality trials have becom... | wikipedia |
c2e508681112e59073328d96fcaf5faec5d27bf6 | in may 2018, the german skeptical organization gwup | in may 2018, the german skeptical organization gwup issued an invitation to individuals and groups to respond to its challenge "to identify homeopathic preparations in high potency and to give a detailed description on how this can be achieved reproducibly." the first participant to correctly identify selected homeopat... | wikipedia |
1320b4a33f3bc4d8b79963b0db0c8e677555ebd7 | the laws of chemistry state that there is | the laws of chemistry state that there is a limit to the dilution that can be made without losing the original substance altogether. this limit, which is related to the avogadro constant, is roughly equal to homeopathic dilutions of 12c or 24x (1 part in 10). | wikipedia |
05f056b057456a5e249cc1b1759f2ed3672f6e13 | physicist robert l. park, former executive director of | physicist robert l. park, former executive director of the american physical society, is quoted as saying: "since the least amount of a substance in a solution is one molecule, a 30c solution would have to have at least one molecule of the original substance dissolved in a minimum of 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0... | wikipedia |
0883bba2510d7d536825c9d64e553d55548b4389 | practitioners of homeopathy hold that higher dilutions―described as | practitioners of homeopathy hold that higher dilutions―described as being of higher potency ―produce stronger medicinal effects. this idea is also inconsistent with observed dose-response relationships, where effects are dependent on the concentration of the active ingredient in the body. this dose-response relationshi... | wikipedia |
e4bec70ce201fdf5b7699700115e2a2b3b32531f | homeopaths contend that their methods produce a therapeutically | homeopaths contend that their methods produce a therapeutically active preparation, selectively including only the intended substance, though critics note that any water will have been in contact with millions of different substances throughout its history, and homeopaths have not been able to account for a reason why ... | wikipedia |
a3b8de2087cf8b19093910bc932118bb82837dad | a number of speculative mechanisms have been advanced | a number of speculative mechanisms have been advanced to counter this, the most widely discussed being water memory, though this is now considered erroneous since short-range order in water only persists for about 1 picosecond. no evidence of stable clusters of water molecules was found when homeopathic preparations we... | wikipedia |
aded15771506ce6dec8335180b2b43d76e144faa | abstract concepts within theoretical physics have been invoked | abstract concepts within theoretical physics have been invoked to suggest explanations of how or why preparations might work, including quantum entanglement, quantum nonlocality, the theory of relativity and chaos theory. contrariwise, quantum superposition has been invoked to explain why homeopathy does not work in do... | wikipedia |
e723d27751536af25524165bb09c25dab611fa08 | outside of the alternative medicine community, scientists have | outside of the alternative medicine community, scientists have long considered homeopathy a sham or a pseudoscience, and the mainstream medical community regards it as quackery. there is an overall absence of sound statistical evidence of therapeutic efficacy, which is consistent with the lack of any biologically plaus... | wikipedia |
235b315757bc340825a2670ed078740d2a85ff3d | james randi and the 10:23 campaign groups have | james randi and the 10:23 campaign groups have highlighted the lack of active ingredients in most homeopathic products by taking large 'overdoses'. none of the hundreds of demonstrators in the uk, australia, new zealand, canada and the us were injured and "no one was cured of anything, either". | wikipedia |
1d0fe1b51a575acbf0cd0f1e7b460bafb53e8bd9 | the infinitesimally low concentration of homeopathic preparations, which | the infinitesimally low concentration of homeopathic preparations, which often lack even a single molecule of the diluted substance, has been the basis of questions about the effects of the preparations since the 19th century. modern advocates of homeopathy have proposed a concept of " water memory ", according to whic... | wikipedia |
7c7da2d1a82483128d62f673cdb48b76879479ca | raymond leonard culp is an american former professional | raymond leonard culp is an american former professional baseball pitcher. he played in major league baseball (mlb) for the philadelphia phillies (1963–1966), chicago cubs (1967), and boston red sox (1968–1973). | wikipedia |
643e9cbc4dfed38ff3f938e52e5133b98cc07088 | in 11 seasons he had a 122–101 win–loss | in 11 seasons he had a 122–101 win–loss record, 322 games, 268 games started, 80 complete games, 22 shutouts, 21 games finished, 1 save, 1,898 1 ⁄ 3 innings pitched, 1,677 hits allowed, 863 runs allowed, 755 earned runs allowed, 188 home runs allowed, 752 walks allowed, 1,411 strikeouts, 70 hit batsmen, 73 wild pitches... | wikipedia |
8f408079741596b3e072458692459cffdcdcd814 | culp returned to the all-star game in 1969, | culp returned to the all-star game in 1969, pitching a perfect ninth inning for the american league (al). he retired pete rose (on a foul pop fly) and struck out randy hundley and tony pérez. | wikipedia |
3e8cf2b97710ef88f9e7b5dca418ee9f80bb7695 | as a rookie, he made the 1963 nl | as a rookie, he made the 1963 nl all-star squad and went on to retire al kaline, frank malzone, and carl yastrzemski (around a leon wagner single), in a scoreless fifth inning of the senior circuit's 5–3 victory. | wikipedia |
0f2eb1f1510d74abc54f4f0a376d460fa6748498 | ray was born in elgin, texas. he attended | ray was born in elgin, texas. he attended stephen f. austin high school (austin, texas) and signed as an undrafted free agent with the philadelphia phillies when he was 17.his first year was an impressive one, as he compiled a 14–11 win–loss record for the phillies and was eighth in the national league (nl) in strikeou... | wikipedia |
04b57a9b864f9a4922b77747b9d2d0f5933b852c | raymond leonard culp (born august 6, 1941) is | raymond leonard culp (born august 6, 1941) is an american former professional baseball pitcher. he played in major league baseball (mlb) for the philadelphia phillies (1963 – 1966), chicago cubs (1967), and boston red sox (1968 – 1973). | wikipedia |
083f449ca08c53890eab8fcb36f2b21510a668e6 | richard gordon gould was an american physicist who | richard gordon gould was an american physicist who is sometimes credited with the invention of the laser and the optical amplifier.. gould is best known for his thirty-year fight with the united states patent and trademark office to obtain patents for the laser and related technologies. he also fought with laser manufa... | wikipedia |
f8b101d15c0eebbee40657cea0995f30781cf4e3 | gould died of natural causes on september 16, | gould died of natural causes on september 16, 2005. at the time of his death, gould's role in the actual invention continued to be disputed in scientific circles. apart from the dispute, gould had realized his hope to "be around" when the brewster's angle window patent expired in may 2005. | wikipedia |
1acb8528813512145cac987662a048c2ce9eece7 | "i thought that he legitimately had a right | "i thought that he legitimately had a right to the notion to making a laser amplifier", said william r. bennett, who was a member of the team that built the first laser that could fire continuously. "he was able to collect royalties from other people making lasers, including me." | wikipedia |
46025e30cd39a795420d073cc716eae47d9cdf05 | the delay—and the subsequent spread of lasers into | the delay—and the subsequent spread of lasers into many areas of technology—meant that the patents were much more valuable than if gould had won initially. even though gould had signed away eighty percent of the proceeds in order to finance his court costs, he made several million dollars. | wikipedia |
f89ccec1d087b00710d76321836cf14adb90fc0f | the thirty year patent war that it took | the thirty year patent war that it took for gould to win the rights to his inventions became known as one of the most important patent battles in history. in the end, gould was issued forty-eight patents, with the optical pumping, collisional pumping, and applications patents being the most important. between them, the... | wikipedia |
596cdb5c010a8dc51466330c38378cac3b0ed569 | the end of the patent office action freed | the end of the patent office action freed gould's enforcement lawsuits to proceed. finally, in 1987, patlex won its first decisive enforcement victory, against control laser corporation, a manufacturer of lasers. rather than be bankrupted by the damages and the lack of a license to the technology, the board of control ... | wikipedia |
0d18830c43c4cb3156131b6451a63dc549036dec | things finally began to change in 1985. after | things finally began to change in 1985. after years of legal process, the federal court in washington, d.c. ordered the patent office to issue gould's patent on collisionally pumped laser amplifiers. the patent office appealed, but was ultimately forced to issue u.s. patent 4,704,583, and to abandon its attempts to res... | wikipedia |
f92ecf57bbe9ee1db9e4ec065ceca0e8320a126c | the legal battles continued, as the laser industry | the legal battles continued, as the laser industry sought to not only prevent the patent office from issuing gould's remaining patents, but also to have the already-issued ones revoked. gould and his company were forced to fight both in court, and in patent office review proceedings. according to gould and his lawyers,... | wikipedia |
3e3303852a41cf7744ad4b812f5a860f5870735d | the industry outcry caused the patent office to | the industry outcry caused the patent office to stall on releasing gould's other pending patents, leading to more appeals and amendments to the pending patents. despite this, gould was issued u.s. patent 4,161,436 in 1979, covering a variety of laser applications including heating and vaporizing materials, welding, dri... | wikipedia |
d1ab45cde0d3170d07770dc866017de3683cf7a9 | shortly after starting optelecom, gould and his lawyers | shortly after starting optelecom, gould and his lawyers changed the focus of their patent battle. having lost many court cases on the laser itself, and running out of appeal options, they realized that many of the difficulties could be avoided by focusing instead on the optical amplifier, an essential component of any ... | wikipedia |
56bb3826f110232fc019b2c308a5b7fa876a2958 | in 1973, gould left the polytechnic institute of | in 1973, gould left the polytechnic institute of brooklyn to help found optelecom, a company in gaithersburg, maryland that makes fiberoptic communications equipment. he later left his successful company in 1985. | wikipedia |
29bbb400dc3190a50213734baadfac7412612f9b | by 1970, trg had been bought by control | by 1970, trg had been bought by control data corporation, which had little interest in lasers and was disposing of that part of the business. gould was able to buy back his patent rights for a thousand dollars, plus a small fraction of any future profits. | wikipedia |
41728666a64430ef744e2773779d34db43c2d75c | gould's first laser patent was awarded in 1968, | gould's first laser patent was awarded in 1968, covering an obscure application—generating x-rays using a laser. the technology was of little value, but the patent contained all the disclosures of his original 1959 application, which had previously been secret. this allowed the patent office greater leeway to reject pa... | wikipedia |
13691c33b2cda25f6a84eebab07fa2cd0f07dd62 | in 1967, gould left trg and joined the | in 1967, gould left trg and joined the polytechnic institute of brooklyn, now new york university tandon school of engineering, as a professor. while there, he proposed many new laser applications, and arranged government funding for laser research at the institute. | wikipedia |
1ae1883e65367cda59d8411a29216f6b9d6fe166 | during this time, gould and trg began applying | during this time, gould and trg began applying for patents on the technologies gould had developed. the first pair of applications, filed together in april 1959, covered lasers based on fabry–pérot optical resonators, as well as optical pumping, pumping by collisions in a gas discharge (as in helium–neon lasers), optic... | wikipedia |
12c77f9aabd62d7c625849faf733708a465c78a6 | eager to achieve a patent on his invention, | eager to achieve a patent on his invention, and believing incorrectly that he needed to build a working laser to do this, gould left columbia without completing his doctoral degree and joined a private research company, trg (technical research group). he convinced his new employer to support his research, and they obta... | wikipedia |
285a7cfe4221eff959fc4314c667d3663a4e82fd | gould recorded his analysis and suggested applications in | gould recorded his analysis and suggested applications in a laboratory notebook under the heading "some rough calculations on the feasibility of a laser: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"—the first recorded use of this acronym. gould's notebook was the first written prescription for making a viab... | wikipedia |
66ac8cbf0d47d54592f630215196bb742d7279b7 | by 1957, many scientists including townes were looking | by 1957, many scientists including townes were looking for a way to achieve maser-like amplification of visible light. in november of that year, gould realized that one could make an appropriate optical resonator by using two mirrors in the form of a fabry–pérot interferometer. unlike previously considered designs, thi... | wikipedia |
f8b85978e9b5f5539776ca6f9ecaeff246eae4bd | born in new york city, gould was the | born in new york city, gould was the oldest of three sons. his father was the founding editor of scholastic magazine publications in new york city. he grew up in scarsdale, a small suburb of new york, and attended scarsdale high school. he earned a bachelor of science degree in physics at union college, where he became... | wikipedia |
2d3fdb7e410d519afb4434e80219c47991b36d89 | richard gordon gould (july 17, 1920 – september | richard gordon gould (july 17, 1920 – september 16, 2005) was an american physicist who is sometimes credited with the invention of the laser and the optical amplifier. (credit for the invention of the laser is disputed, since charles townes and arthur schawlow were the first to publish the theory and theodore maiman w... | wikipedia |
07776ae1dede3936197ca75177512d093d493259 | omar nicolás govea garcía is a mexican professional | omar nicolás govea garcía is a mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for liga mx club guadalajara. after starting out in his native mexico, he went on to compete professionally in portugal, belgium and romania. internationally, govea earned his first cap with the senior team in a 1–0 friendly victor... | wikipedia |
a7b46f17e556e6da7cc4ddfa4b29e75dbd9c8cfd | on 17 december 2022, govea returned to mexico | on 17 december 2022, govea returned to mexico and joined monterrey on a one-year loan with an option to buy. on 16 december 2023, monterrey confirmed the permanent signing of govea ahead of the clausura 2024. | wikipedia |
302f9c23a4d0c81d6e3a84bf0c6f8b7d1e428750 | on 9 july 2019, belgian club zulte waregem | on 9 july 2019, belgian club zulte waregem announced govea as a new signing. he signed a three-year contract with an option of another year. he made his debut on 27 july in a 2–0 loss against mechelen. on 14 december, he scored his first two goals in a 5–1 home win against sint-truiden. | wikipedia |
411f13d2a9b66d34dda9c3186c33d19783b50e3a | on 6 july 2017, govea joined belgian club | on 6 july 2017, govea joined belgian club royal excel mouscron on a one-year loan with an option of purchase. he made his belgian first division a debut on 13 july in a 1–0 win over kv oostende. | wikipedia |
0fe4940a382edeabfb44643dac27f1d1787a47b0 | in the summer of 2014, it was announced | in the summer of 2014, it was announced govea was sent out on loan to ascenso mx club zacatecas in order to gain professional playing experience. he made his professional debut as substitute on 5 august 2014 in a copa mx match against leones negros, coming on for antonio lópez at 82'. | wikipedia |
9b9b1ba82a695066da21c3d36369f7952025b6be | govea spent two years at san luis where | govea spent two years at san luis where he played in two under-15 tournaments. he was part of a tercera división selection team where he met jesús ramírez, the coach of américa 's youth academy. he participated at américa's under-17 and under-20 youth teams. | wikipedia |
a2eddf38df34c3bb9c7daf4065a3cbe2c04a5a0e | helen de cruz is a belgian philosopher and | helen de cruz is a belgian philosopher and danforth chair of philosophy at saint louis university who specialises in philosophy of religion, experimental philosophy, and philosophy of cognitive science. she is also an activist supporting the rights of eu citizens in the context of brexit. | wikipedia |
985068cd3124678207dcc6116a47c166e49ead97 | in 2014 de cruz published a series of | in 2014 de cruz published a series of interviews with philosophers working outside of academia for the newapps blog. she was a signatory on a 2018 open letter from academic philosophers to amber rudd, which urged the then home secretary to reconsider a request for asylum. the letter described a request which had been d... | wikipedia |
1bc06ac46de9a31b26dea0ce7bb8e2baa0a59e1f | de cruz received her ba in archaeology and | de cruz received her ba in archaeology and art studies and an ma in anthropology of art from ghent university. in 2007 she completed a phd in archaeology and art studies at vrije universiteit brussel, and in 2011 she completed a phd in philosophy at groningen university, entitled through a mind darkly: an empirically-i... | wikipedia |
e6b1a4bd64f342fcd635ca0175e9ef1730e0187b | helen de cruz (born 1978) is a belgian | helen de cruz (born 1978) is a belgian philosopher and danforth chair of philosophy at saint louis university who specialises in philosophy of religion, experimental philosophy, and philosophy of cognitive science. she is also an activist supporting the rights of eu citizens in the context of brexit. | wikipedia |
5ac9c648ed87c00f324490d694259bb01c42d57a | thomas rosenau is a german-austrian chemist and wood | thomas rosenau is a german-austrian chemist and wood scientist specializing in chemistry, who is professor at the department of chemistry at boku university in vienna, and also, elected member at the international academy of wood science and honorary recipient of the anselme payen award. | wikipedia |
17503222cd423695494377928312d816a287e14b | he is an elected fellow at organizations such | he is an elected fellow at organizations such as the royal society of chemistry (2019), the japanese academy of science, and the international academy of wood science (2009). rosenau has authored two books, 24 book chapters, and over 480 sci papers. he has supervised more than 50 postdoctoral scientists and 75 phd and ... | wikipedia |
9ba6a01c8c8358cae560f925cc398c47f9f978eb | his contributions in the wood chemistry and biochemistry | his contributions in the wood chemistry and biochemistry fields, have been well recorded. his main research focus spans among wood-related topics associated with organic chemistry, green chemistry, and analytical chemistry. lately he specialized in green methodologies and biopolymers, cellulose and lignin. in 2014, ros... | wikipedia |
bb11a1cd0293e13b3e9dbc51df93f02e869657c3 | rosenau completed his studies in chemistry at the | rosenau completed his studies in chemistry at the dresden university of technology. he then carried out his doctoral and postdoctoral research at the north carolina state university in raleigh, usa. following that, he returned to europe and pursued his habilitation degree in organic chemistry at the boku university. | wikipedia |
c6ff75280fa5ca964cea661c4863101048ac0ff2 | thomas rosenau (born 1963) is a german-austrian chemist | thomas rosenau (born 1963) is a german-austrian chemist and wood scientist specializing in chemistry, who is professor at the department of chemistry at boku university in vienna, and also, elected member at the international academy of wood science and honorary recipient of the anselme payen award. | wikipedia |
acc0aa93aae31e7f65dc1db05ac4e4a96c686d74 | daisy wheel printing is an impact printing technology | daisy wheel printing is an impact printing technology invented in 1970 by andrew gabor at diablo data systems. it uses interchangeable pre-formed type elements, each with typically 96 glyphs, to generate high-quality output comparable to premium typewriters such as the ibm selectric, but two to three times faster. dais... | wikipedia |
6442857778a73baaa50258000076fef612286b22 | thimble printers are closely related to daisy wheel | thimble printers are closely related to daisy wheel printers. instead of a flat wheel, the petals are bent to form a cup-shaped "thimble" print element. introduced by nec in 1977 as their "spinwriter" series, the replaceable thimbles each held 128 characters. | wikipedia |
cfcb58e9b26ffa8a3ee3f989a90067864ed5ad7a | brother industries manufactured the twinriter 5 (1985) and | brother industries manufactured the twinriter 5 (1985) and 6 (1987) printers which tried to overcome the limitation of the missing graphics capabilities of daisy wheel printers by adding a dot matrix print head to the existing daisy wheel print head, with the former being used for letter quality printing and the latter... | wikipedia |
7a334f932a60f8417349816e3ab526e6e18e5a63 | consideration was also given to optimising graphic printing | consideration was also given to optimising graphic printing by changing the glyphs on the daisy wheel to a set that would be able to print all the required bitmap combinations more quickly, without requiring an impact for every single dot. this would have the advantage that vertical dot combinations could be printed in... | wikipedia |
391d8a07c56361d89eef5e383484e151b17a35b3 | although the daisy wheel principle is basically inappropriate | although the daisy wheel principle is basically inappropriate for printing bitmap graphics, there were attempts to enable them to do so. most daisy wheel printers supported a relatively coarse and extremely slow graphics mode by printing the image entirely out of dots (formed by the "period" character). this required a... | wikipedia |
ab59e5aa56363988ca5ad291a9d7df0cd9e5a69b | most daisy-wheel printers could print a line and | most daisy-wheel printers could print a line and then, using built-in memory, print the following line backwards, from right to left. this saved the time that otherwise would have been needed to return the print head to its starting point. this was sometimes known as 'logic seeking,' and was a feature on some dot-matri... | wikipedia |
f08b17e920eeda951cb639e5d62b1dd7686671f2 | many daisy wheel machines offer a bold type | many daisy wheel machines offer a bold type facility, accomplished by double- or triple-striking the specified character(s); servo -based printers advance the carriage fractionally for a wider (and therefore blacker) character, while cheaper machines perform a carriage return without a line feed to return to the beginn... | wikipedia |
1c6988251c9394d028661e4600962762d8719f29 | different typefaces and sizes can be used by | different typefaces and sizes can be used by replacing the daisy wheel. it is possible to use multiple fonts within a document: font changing is facilitated by printer device drivers which can position the carriage to the center of the platen and prompt the user to change the wheel before continuing printing. however, ... | wikipedia |
dcf31104c0f08fa8d12115321771bfec4c7bf32b | the heart of the system is an interchangeable | the heart of the system is an interchangeable metal or plastic "daisy wheel" holding an entire character set as raised characters moulded on each "petal". in use a servo motor rotates the daisy wheel to position the required character between the hammer and the ribbon. the solenoid -operated hammer then fires, driving ... | wikipedia |
6c7f6254711e2fc5e32b001bf2fe9ab6c0de8d1c | xerox later adapted diablo's daisy wheel technology into | xerox later adapted diablo's daisy wheel technology into a typewriter that sold for less than $50. an automated factory was built near dallas that took less than 30 minutes to assemble a xerox typewriter. the xerox typewriter was well received but never achieved the projected sales numbers due to the advent of the pc a... | wikipedia |
5d2f776760ceca690fed17c8bd60b08939aff1fc | the diablo 630 was so successful that virtually | the diablo 630 was so successful that virtually all later daisy wheel printers, as well as many dot matrix printers and even the original apple laserwriter either copied its command set or could emulate it. daisy wheel printers from diablo and qume were the dominant high-end output technology for computer and office au... | wikipedia |
059fa5d474eadc5fd977bc4968f1daceec74dea8 | xerox acquired diablo that same year. xerox's office | xerox acquired diablo that same year. xerox's office product division had already been buying diablo printers for its redactron text editors. after 7 years trying to make diablo profitable, the opd focused on developing and selling the diablo 630 which was mostly bought by companies such as digital equipment corporatio... | wikipedia |
e69527d498de3ff44b1b436474e561ad0f412de9 | in 1970 a team at diablo systems led | in 1970 a team at diablo systems led by engineer david sen lin lee developed the first commercially successful daisy wheel printer, a device that was faster and more flexible than ibm's selectric devices, being capable of 30 cps (characters per second), whereas the selectric operated at 13.4 cps. lee was issued two pat... | wikipedia |
ed7b7987255ef41520bddc66857100054004aab1 | dot-matrix impact, thermal, or line printers were used | dot-matrix impact, thermal, or line printers were used where higher speed or image printing were required and their print quality was acceptable. both technologies were rapidly superseded for most purposes when dot-based printers, in particular lasers and ink jet printer, capable of printing any characters, graphics, t... | wikipedia |
8721137644ac22a4645ddce0467c0128ab2dec59 | by 1980 daisy wheel printers had become the | by 1980 daisy wheel printers had become the dominant technology for high-quality text printing, grossly impacting the dominance of manual and electric typewriters, and forcing dominant companies in that industry, including brother and silver seiko to rapidly adapt — and new companies, e.g., canon and xerox, to enter th... | wikipedia |
6a170050852c0f74e5ef2e8fe770e112f5cb346c | daisy wheel printing is an impact printing technology | daisy wheel printing is an impact printing technology invented in 1970 by andrew gabor at diablo data systems. it uses interchangeable pre-formed type elements, each with typically 96 glyphs, to generate high-quality output comparable to premium typewriters such as the ibm selectric, but two to three times faster. dais... | wikipedia |
34114b653394a715a5d4fe2bcfe6cedfd8cbf186 | mirza varešanović is a bosnian professional football manager | mirza varešanović is a bosnian professional football manager and former player. during his playing career, which spanned nearly 15 years, he competed in bosnia and herzegovina, france, greece, turkey and austria, playing in france for bordeaux and in greece for olympiacos among others. varešanović also played for the b... | wikipedia |
37b150c238040cd9665e3c2e5e279c1a8922d940 | on 20 july 2023, sarajevo got eliminated from | on 20 july 2023, sarajevo got eliminated from the 2023–24 uefa europa conference league in the first qualifying round by georgian club torpedo kutaisi, following a penalty shoot-out. on 22 july, it was announced by sarajevo that varešanović had left the club by mutual consent, after the team's disappointing european ca... | wikipedia |
19c27a6d3247dafddddff38fbb45158416f1d859 | on 5 march 2023, varešanović earned his first | on 5 march 2023, varešanović earned his first victory since his return as manager in an away game against Široki brijeg. he finished the season with the side in 4th place, qualifying for the 2023–24 uefa europa conference league first qualifying round. | wikipedia |
83c4058f3f1ce3d0b4e218c9fa939e933e20fe64 | on 12 december 2022, sarajevo appointed varešanović as | on 12 december 2022, sarajevo appointed varešanović as manager for the second time. he suffered defeat in his first match back in charge, losing 2–0 to zrinjski mostar on 26 february 2023. | wikipedia |
3227190d4d497567a98248333d53500c67a16967 | on 25 may 2019, after the end of | on 25 may 2019, after the end of the last game of the 2018–19 bosnian premier league season in which tuzla city lost against Željezničar at home 3–0, varešanović decided to leave tuzla, stating "i've been here for about three months, we have achieved what we had planned, but i will not be the manager of the club next s... | wikipedia |
024d49445c8ed84883f97f18b0bf1a882893912d | on 26 february 2019, varešanović signed a half-a-year | on 26 february 2019, varešanović signed a half-a-year contract with bosnian premier league club tuzla city. his first win as tuzla city's manager came on 9 march 2019, in 2–0 away win against krupa. | wikipedia |
dc89e2290f58823a2bfd2cc014820d2a188e235a | in 2018, varešanović became the head coach of | in 2018, varešanović became the head coach of the bosnia and herzegovina u18 national team. he led the national team to 8th place at the 2018 mediterranean games in tarragona, spain. | wikipedia |
8d99c94a696382519f352d16fbcb31bc9e6ad5ca | on 5 may 2014, varešanović accepted an offer | on 5 may 2014, varešanović accepted an offer from olimpik. in his second season, he won the bosnian cup trophy and made historic achievement with olimpik by winning the first trophy for the youngest football club in the bosnian premier league. | wikipedia |
c966d9ab1271831df0e0d714abbd9a2d88021c74 | after concluding his playing career, varešanović was named | after concluding his playing career, varešanović was named sarajevo sporting director, and held the position for two years. in 2010, he was named sarajevo manager and led the team for one season and finished second in the 2010–11 bosnian premier league season. | wikipedia |
5d56ae92e0aa0677e8f7758afc763acc59278f77 | varešanović made his debut for bosnia and herzegovina | varešanović made his debut for bosnia and herzegovina in an april 1996 friendly game against albania and has earned a total of 24 caps, scoring no goals. he played in the uefa euro 2000 and the 1998 and 2002 fifa world cup qualifying campaigns. his final international was a july 2001 friendly against iran. | wikipedia |
3df3955a8ff685119d96dc53d4d2f37a2d2f5a48 | a year later he made a move to | a year later he made a move to olympiacos, spending two seasons with the greek outfit. with olympiacos, he won the superleague greece in the seasons 1996–97 and 1997–98. he next moved to turkish süper lig side bursaspor, who he would go on to represent on two separate occasions. | wikipedia |
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