id
stringlengths
40
40
title
stringlengths
15
120
text
stringlengths
41
3.14k
source
stringclasses
2 values
7afb39ed863e69650ac052e1c6b054fe698d6dff
on 26 june 2020, after finishing his formation,
on 26 june 2020, after finishing his formation, sanz signed a new three-year contract with barça, being promoted to the reserves in segunda división b. he made his senior debut on 18 october, coming on as a late substitute in a 1–0 home win over gimnàstic de tarragona.
wikipedia
4830b17663bd8c45f1486e2a19eecd0de4f759d8
born in caspe, zaragoza, aragon, sanz started his
born in caspe, zaragoza, aragon, sanz started his career with cd caspe before joining real zaragoza 's youth setup. in 2015, aged 14, he moved to fc barcelona 's la masia.
wikipedia
67d94af526061d6ebefdd49d6bac13a2feffedbb
hydrus is a suite of windows-based modeling software
hydrus is a suite of windows-based modeling software that can be used for analysis of water flow, heat and solute transport in variably saturated porous media. hydrus suite of software is supported by an interactive graphics-based interface for data-preprocessing, discretization of the soil profile, and graphic present...
wikipedia
35f909fa335de705b27f98a73d1e9c2458b28547
constructed wetlands (cws) are engineered water treatment systems
constructed wetlands (cws) are engineered water treatment systems that optimize the treatment processes found in natural environments. cws are popular systems which efficiently treat various types of polluted water and are therefore sustainable, environmentally friendly solutions. a large number of physical, chemical a...
wikipedia
0c1b17ff91bc20ca21fab7cf0920006bae59d65e
both hydrus-1d and hydrus (2d/3d) has been used
both hydrus-1d and hydrus (2d/3d) has been used in hundreds, if not thousands of applications referenced in peer-reviewed journal articles and many technical reports. both software packages are also used in classrooms of many universities in courses covering soil physics, processes in the vadose zone, or vadose zone hy...
wikipedia
a04496a0dfb8b583954adae12b8c697ab8567108
hydrus model further include modules for simulating carbon
hydrus model further include modules for simulating carbon dioxide transport (only hydrus-1d) and major ion chemistry modules, adopted from the unsatchem program. hydrus-1d can thus be used in applications evaluating overall salinity, the concentration of individual soluble cations, as well as of the sodium adsorption ...
wikipedia
921bb7eb6b73bd54a3ef72d54e571b8a55fe67fb
both hydrus models also consider various provisions for
both hydrus models also consider various provisions for simulating non-equilibrium flow and transport. the flow equation for the latter purpose can consider dual-porosity-type flow with a fraction of the water content being mobile, and a fraction immobile. the transport equations additionally were modified to allow con...
wikipedia
7079695a3c42e5d55aa73191fedfa5cdc4bcb2ee
the hydrus packages use a microsoft windows-based graphical
the hydrus packages use a microsoft windows-based graphical user interface (gui) to manage the input data required to run the program, as well as for nodal discretization and editing, parameter allocation, problem execution, and visualization of results. all spatially distributed parameters, such as those for various s...
wikipedia
f46d16e41c3998be25260b686ca201f0c4b44c5c
hydrus models may be used to analyze water
hydrus models may be used to analyze water and solute movement in unsaturated, partially saturated, or fully saturated homogeneous of layered media. the codes incorporates hysteresis by assuming that drying scanning curves are scaled from the main drying curve, and wetting scanning curves from the main wetting curve. r...
wikipedia
cd3e5093327eedc0b6bbf10bfe21e2ad7e4b60ae
both hydrus models may be used to simulate
both hydrus models may be used to simulate movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably saturated media. both programs use linear finite elements to numerically solve the richards equation for saturated-unsaturated water flow and fickian-based advection dispersion equations for both heat and solute transpo...
wikipedia
2036d3bde8e44d4ae8073d6ff64923d0d1c6674e
the hydrus (2d/3d) (version 1) software package (Šimůnek
the hydrus (2d/3d) (version 1) software package (Šimůnek et al., 2006; Šejna and Šimůnek, 2007) is an extension and replacement of hydrus-2d (version 2.0) and swms_3d (Šimůnek et al., 1995). this software package is a complete rewrite of hydrus-2d and its extensions for two- and three-dimensional geometries. in additio...
wikipedia
72352e12ccf725801351b12a8f3fdce2d2b18362
the swms_2d and chain_2d models formed the bases
the swms_2d and chain_2d models formed the bases of versions 1.0 (for 16-bit windows 3.1) and 2.0 (for 32-bit windows 95) of hydrus-2d (Šimůnek et al., 1999). a unique feature of hydrus-2d was that it used a microsoft windows-based graphics user interface (gui) to manage the input data required to run the program, as w...
wikipedia
fa69bbff54f898bc1c1c129029facc440a3998c2
the first major upgrade of swms_2d was released
the first major upgrade of swms_2d was released under the name chain_2d (Šimůnek et al., 1994b). this model greatly expanded upon the capabilities of swms_2d by including, among other things, sequential first-order solute decay chains and heat transport. the temperature dependence of the soil hydraulic properties was i...
wikipedia
e8384879f89f58b221f7007cafd68d89055ef45e
the swms_2d model (Šimůnek et al., 1992) considerably
the swms_2d model (Šimůnek et al., 1992) considerably extended the capabilities of swmii by including provisions for solute transport. solute transport was described using the standard advection-dispersion equation that included linear sorption, first-order degradation in both the liquid and solid phases, and zero-orde...
wikipedia
213075796f832cd510a0e17b116f18e7b0763398
this last version of unsat formed the basis
this last version of unsat formed the basis of the swmii model developed by vogel (1987) during his stay at wageningen university, the netherlands. swmii significantly extended the capabilities and ease of use of unsat. the code simulated variably-saturated water flow in two-dimensional transport domains, implemented t...
wikipedia
c3e439c60cacb2bb7ac38fe3b73544787ba9e84b
the current hydrus (2d/3d) suite of software and
the current hydrus (2d/3d) suite of software and their predecessors have a long history. the origin of these models can be traced back to the early work of dr. shlomo neuman and collaborators (e.g., neuman, 1972) who developed their unsat model at the hydraulic engineering laboratory of technion – israel institute of t...
wikipedia
ad857677c31d69ea1b8dc6d82da3a6b6a1cc9551
version 3 included the unsatchem module (suarez and
version 3 included the unsatchem module (suarez and Šimůnek, 1997) for simulating carbon dioxide transport as well as the multi-component transport of major ions. the unsatchem major ion module was recently included also in version 2 of hydrus (2d/3d) (Šimůnek et al., 2011). version 4 of hydrus-1d includes now not only...
wikipedia
d0ce1e63bb7348f344b94792d77ad027b680c648
while the standard modules of hydrus-1d can simulate
while the standard modules of hydrus-1d can simulate the transport of solutes that are either fully independent or involved in the sequential first-order degradation chains, the two new modules can consider mutual interactions between multiple solutes, such as cation exchange and precipitation/dissolution.
wikipedia
d009129ae67f51e9a5fe9ce75d287227ae084451
various features of these four early models were
various features of these four early models were combined first in the dos-based swmi_st model (Šimůnek et al., 1993), and later in the windows-based hydrus-1d simulator (Šimůnek et al., 1998). after releasing versions 1 (for 16-bit windows 3.1) and 2 (for 32-bit windows 95), the next two major updates (versions 3 and ...
wikipedia
6599d835789e0d79e6b9d0a9517bdfc8acb453db
hydrus-1d traces its roots to the early work
hydrus-1d traces its roots to the early work of van genuchten and his sumatra and worm models, as well as later work by vogel (1987) and kool and van genuchten (1989) and their swmi and hydrus models, respectively. while hermitian cubic finite element numerical schemes were used in sumatra and linear finite elements in...
wikipedia
fd53f9fb324c1ccb4907cb2fcb36ac82aa8ab180
hydrus is a suite of windows -based modeling
hydrus is a suite of windows -based modeling software that can be used for analysis of water flow, heat and solute transport in variably saturated porous media (e.g., soils). hydrus suite of software is supported by an interactive graphics-based interface for data-preprocessing, discretization of the soil profile, and ...
wikipedia
130f33b6de8af8315184006d673dde44a475e3b0
on september 6, during the epidemic period, changchun
on september 6, during the epidemic period, changchun city and relevant departments and units failed to implement the "quartet responsibilities" for epidemic prevention and control, and committed dereliction of duty in terms of nosocomial infection prevention and control, nucleic acid testing, and closed-loop managemen...
wikipedia
ee5a347fbfea0bee061ba845d6b7d093b8d3f0b9
in may, a citizen of siping city, jilin
in may, a citizen of siping city, jilin province, missed the 25th round of nucleic acid testing on may 19. although he had retested on may 20, he was required to pay the cost of the previous 24 nucleic acid tests. the local government stated that it was an "attitude problem" for the citizen to miss the test. as of may ...
wikipedia
73b912b1d4f86a953fd73e42ccac26cee5949a33
on april 28, the office of the leading
on april 28, the office of the leading group for the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia in changchun city issued a notice: after research by the leading group for epidemic prevention and control in changchun city, on april 28 (april 29 for kuancheng district), would gradually restore the normal order o...
wikipedia
20fb530ccf8beed8ee349e9044a8f67296c09c37
on march 19, the jilin provincial committee of
on march 19, the jilin provincial committee of the ccp made lu qinglong secretary of the changyi district committee of jilin city and removed liu gefeng from the post; liu huijun became the secretary of the chuanying district committee.
wikipedia
64c94e794b2f26851c2394649bec2f161e9179b4
on march 10, zhang lifeng, secretary of the
on march 10, zhang lifeng, secretary of the party committee of jilin institute of agricultural science and technology, which had clustered infections, was dismissed due to poor epidemic prevention work. the jilin provincial committee of the chinese communist party (ccp) decided that yue qiang, the chief inspector of th...
wikipedia
ba519b14ab3f3caf3e67e4056a4c609ae05a78ae
from march 4, all enclosed spaces in yanji
from march 4, all enclosed spaces in yanji city were closed, off-campus training institutions suspended offline education, daycare institutions suspended offline services, religious places suspended services and collective religious activities, and activity venues suspended entertainment, singing and dancing, and perfo...
wikipedia
bc80c21c14b96422f0a3e4fb5b1a65b8d7f0d239
on february 20, many communities were assessed as
on february 20, many communities were assessed as low-risk areas; dongchang district had no new confirmed cases for 14 consecutive days, and the whole area had been judged low-risk simultaneously. at the time, no medium or high risk areas existed in jilin province.
wikipedia
133b642ba16ed844ac07a4157aac1abfadac4c61
in mid-february, the cdcp published a paper in
in mid-february, the cdcp published a paper in its official english journal, disclosing the details of the epidemic. during promotional activities, at least 141 related cases of infection were uncovered. according to the paper, despite muscle pain and other symptoms, lin went to a pharmacy to buy medicine and then gave...
wikipedia
86db5b7e6688a7f50f4dd2cf3cb16db0ab1bec31
on january 25, the changchun municipal commission for
on january 25, the changchun municipal commission for discipline inspection and supervision held accountable eight party members and cadres who failed to perform their duties, neglected supervision, and neglected duties in the prevention and control of the epidemic in gongzhuling city.
wikipedia
681141f228d1a3efb552c0ab9a9bad8491d10e81
on january 23, tonghua city announced that 14
on january 23, tonghua city announced that 14 party members and cadres, including the director of the municipal health and health commission, the director of the municipal center for disease control and prevention, and the deputy director of the municipal transportation bureau, were held accountable for failing to moni...
wikipedia
c79c23c5dec23cf3e0878289ee8fb05be617950e
on january 16, many areas were made medium-risk
on january 16, many areas were made medium-risk areas. health care centers in changchun and tonghua organized training and teaching activities to sell products. liu shunchang, deputy director of the jilin provincial department of market supervision, said that the relevant departments of the two places had launched a jo...
wikipedia
c27ac614f47cd83cf107857395e49bf3fa6c44f2
as of july 27, jilin province had had
as of july 27, jilin province had had no new imported confirmed cases for 86 consecutive days. the province had reported a total of 19 confirmed cases imported from abroad, and a total of 19 cases had been cured and discharged. on july 26, 2 newly imported confirmed cases appeared in dalian (2 cases in siping city) acr...
wikipedia
ed26aadf4ef811eec884332d4fc169631dbe125c
on june 7, all road checkpoints in the
on june 7, all road checkpoints in the urban area of jilin city were cancelled and expressway checkpoints resumed normal traffic. at the same time, communities with no confirmed cases or those with confirmed cases that had been closed for more than 28 days were allowed to reopen; communities with confirmed cases that h...
wikipedia
72a76a296f48b38b6572199ffacbe2964b16656b
the steering group of the national health and
the steering group of the national health and medical commission and the china center for disease control and prevention arrived in jilin city and shulan city on the same day to supervise prevention activities and take control; before may 8, the vice governor of jilin province, an lijia, the executive deputy head of th...
wikipedia
f4df3ba0ae1491598d3c781c2a7946053df63fca
students in the third grade would switch to
students in the third grade would switch to online teaching. at jilin provincial epidemic prevention and control video conference, bayin chaolu, secretary of the jilin provincial party committee and leader of the provincial epidemic prevention and control leading group, said that it is necessary to learn from the lesso...
wikipedia
383f15c2328de9c0bfb92e6cfe2f64d2e61e5bb2
on may 9, in response to a new
on may 9, in response to a new domestic primary case in shulan city, the pandemic grade in shulan city was raised from low to medium; the next day, due to 11 new confirmed cases in shulan city, the risk level of lanzhou city was raised again, from medium to high. shulan city adopted strict control measures. some local ...
wikipedia
e57f241829bed82e813134b8948443c225c800b2
on february 24, the spokesperson of the yanbian
on february 24, the spokesperson of the yanbian county government stated that it would strengthen the joint prevention and control of customs, disease control, and public security inspections at the airport. arrivals from south korea would be separated and detained by county and city. scenic spots in yanbian prefecture...
wikipedia
f814faebab2dd9f40f2d0e16d15f8018720ca7d5
the ford powershift is a six- or seven-speed
the ford powershift is a six- or seven-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission, produced by the ford motor company. the older ford powershift gearboxes were built by getrag ford transmissions, a joint-venture with getrag, however it is unknown who exactly makes the newer 7-speed models. powershift improves fuel effici...
wikipedia
28274953e387977cc34dee8d8e3c7a10bb33d7c1
ford thailand agreed to buy back about 200
ford thailand agreed to buy back about 200 ford fiesta and focus models with faulty powershift transmissions. ford brazil extended the warranty of the transmission to 10 years or 240.000 km. ford usa extended the warranty of the transmission to 7 years or 100,000 miles depending on the model year of the vehicle. ford a...
wikipedia
fd1b53381b39202d9a3234e526669f96e47a56a5
however, subsequent journalistic investigations conducted after the focus
however, subsequent journalistic investigations conducted after the focus and fiesta models were succeeded, has revealed that ford engineers and executives were aware of the problems before and after the release of it, with developmental engineers even stating in company e-mails that there was "no driveable calibration...
wikipedia
a498b6acc1132f09d332e414c6e36db9b3cb9395
ford has claimed that the defects were caused
ford has claimed that the defects were caused by either a faulty throwout bearing or input shaft and rear main seals that leak fluid onto the clutch causing it to slip even while supposedly fully engaged. ford has released fixes of the seals and updated clutch kits. there were also issues with the transmission control ...
wikipedia
afa8085ccba868cfe664fca3fdfcb7b8b18a6423
ford has faced class-action lawsuits and fraud investigations
ford has faced class-action lawsuits and fraud investigations in the united states, australia and canada over the powershift gearbox as being defective and potentially dangerous in the ford focus, ford fiesta and ford ecosport. the lawsuits allege that vehicles equipped with the powershift gearbox "continue to experien...
wikipedia
3569b9b44680bcaa4cfe61d1c467cc4ac3a8082f
the gearboxes with dry clutch packs were used
the gearboxes with dry clutch packs were used in the fiesta, focus and ecosport. dry clutches are designed to be used in manual transmissions, and are known to have very peculiar engagement properties, unlike wet (oil-bathed) clutches which are much smoother in operation, and have a higher tolerance for slipping the cl...
wikipedia
ccd8ad37925e8f2c3d66bb566b81e11e0e438e4f
while p3 volvo models using the ecoboost engine
while p3 volvo models using the ecoboost engine in 1.6t derivatives are equipped with the 6-speed powershift, some older p3 platform cars feature the 6-speed powershift in 2.0t derivatives (badged t3 (1.6t), t4 (1.6t), and 2.0t).
wikipedia
4daea75bbb131d457c00a56adcc2eca6e012ef9c
the operation of a dual-clutch transmission is analogous
the operation of a dual-clutch transmission is analogous to two traditional manual transmissions, each with its own clutch, operating in parallel and alternating shifts. the ford unit is a six-speed with one clutch acting on reverse, first, third, and fifth gears, and the other used for second, fourth, sixth gears. as ...
wikipedia
4b2569f4d655f97a33db24e5953a1ab526b54094
the ford powershift is a six- or seven-speed
the ford powershift is a six- or seven-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission, produced by the ford motor company. the older ford powershift gearboxes were built by getrag ford transmissions, a joint-venture with getrag, however it is unknown who exactly makes the newer 7-speed models. powershift improves fuel effici...
wikipedia
113f0297316daf04b5b3e7dac302f61a3a11cff6
he has received many awards for his work,
he has received many awards for his work, including the best paper award at ieee visual languages 1998 (co-authored with polle zellweger, bay-wei chang, and takeo igarashi). in 2005, mackinlay won dmreview's data visualization competition. in 2009, he received the visualization technical achievement award from the ieee...
wikipedia
e98d3db87517349f08ba148f2a3b01169533d3ec
mackinlay has been an active member of the
mackinlay has been an active member of the academic research community since the late 1980s. he was uist'91 program chair and uist'92 conference chair, and was papers co-chair for chi'96. he was also on the editorial boards for acm tochi (1997-2003) and ieee cg&a (2004-6).
wikipedia
17ec656360138024d3eab5512d085325e91d85d9
in 2003, mackinlay was on chris stolte's dissertation
in 2003, mackinlay was on chris stolte's dissertation committee at stanford along with professor pat hanrahan. stolte and hanrahan had extended mackinlay's dissertation to a formal specification language that combines query, analysis, and visualization into a single framework. they went on to found tableau software aft...
wikipedia
f698e049b5634acd06d094609ca0b00e372b45b8
in 2000, mackinlay took a year-long sabbatical from
in 2000, mackinlay took a year-long sabbatical from xerox parc to work as a visiting professor at aarhus university in denmark, where he taught courses in information visualization and user interfaces of mobile devices (co-taught with polle zellweger).
wikipedia
28afb0e954754c938ce2af7275462c40e30888d3
in 1976, mackinlay started working as a systems
in 1976, mackinlay started working as a systems analyst for the bank of america in san francisco. in 1977 he became a systems analyst at minimax research corporation. from 1979 to 1986 he was a research assistant at stanford university while getting his phd. in 1986 he joined xerox parc, where he collaborated with the ...
wikipedia
7f7a374c3a0cdf1f8e6861f4281fc7deb518f506
jock mackinlay was born in nuremberg, germany, and
jock mackinlay was born in nuremberg, germany, and received his ba in mathematics and computer science from uc berkeley in 1975 and his phd in computer science from stanford university in 1986, where he pioneered the automatic design of graphical presentations of relational information.
wikipedia
53866071196ca1e43278de4c96c9c5a28536609a
jock d. mackinlay (born august 16, 1952) is
jock d. mackinlay (born august 16, 1952) is an american information visualization expert and vice president of research and design at tableau software. with stuart card, george g. robertson and others he invented a number of information visualization techniques.
wikipedia
d838464002a914e5f2f80c1d13dfb93f6f9c9470
alassane ouattara stadium, commonly known as the olympic
alassane ouattara stadium, commonly known as the olympic stadium of ebimpé and formerly as the national stadium of the ivory coast, is a multi-purpose stadium in ebimpé and anyama, in northern abidjan. it opened in 2020. the stadium hosts major football matches including home matches of the ivory coast national footbal...
wikipedia
0195925b4ad350d578f83267a84618e07dce4d2d
alassane ouattara stadium, commonly known as the olympic
because of delays in the construction of stadiums and other necessary infrastructure; it was relocated to egypt. then-caf president ahmad ahmad said that cameroon had agreed to host the 2021 tournament instead. consequently, ivory coast, the original hosts of 2021, hosted the 2023 africa cup of nations. on 30 january ...
wikipedia
f6011b3baa830fad96c2832e8a507f998c05999d
the stadium was inaugurated on 3 october 2020
the stadium was inaugurated on 3 october 2020 and was named after president alassane ouattara. many officials and the chinese ambassador in ivory coast were also present at a party in the stadium which contained a show of dance and music. a friendly match was also played after the show between the two most popular club...
wikipedia
85115e57532728093334aef92864d7c486527e9c
official construction activities commenced on december 22, 2016,
official construction activities commenced on december 22, 2016, with an initial delivery deadline set for october 2019, totaling 34 months for completion. at its peak, the construction site saw around 1,500 individuals working, with approximately 400 of them being chinese personnel. however, the project experienced si...
wikipedia
ea0e92a8176d3d62fd14251499f37bddeefb6b31
the ground was broken for the stadium on
the ground was broken for the stadium on 22 december 2016 by prime minister daniel kablan duncan, with the presence of a china embassy representative. in keeping with the common practice in chinese – african partnerships, most of the work on the stadium was carried out by chinese companies, with an array of chinese bra...
wikipedia
acc6fceeab06d223be65a7eb8581990fd6c76f5a
the stadium was primarily designed and its construction
the stadium was primarily designed and its construction was initiated with the intention of hosting the 2021 africa cup of nations, under the leadership of prime minister daniel kablan duncan, but on 30 november 2018, caf stripped cameroon of hosting the 2019 africa cup of nations because of delays in the construction ...
wikipedia
e12cb9ba5d9c3f7776305bc82a83ec9af703bea1
designed by the beijing institute architectural design the
designed by the beijing institute architectural design the new national stadium of ivory coast was strategically situated away from abidjan, positioned between the communes of ebimpé and anyama. in a direct distance, it stands approximately 20 km north of central abidjan. the decision to relocate the country's sporting...
wikipedia
d6b44d5e808f350e85d49fd45b28a836183eca3a
alassane ouattara stadium, commonly known as the olympic
alassane ouattara stadium, commonly known as the olympic stadium of ebimpé and formerly as the national stadium of the ivory coast, is a multi-purpose stadium in ebimpé and anyama, in northern abidjan. it opened in 2020. the stadium hosts major football matches including home matches of the ivory coast national footbal...
wikipedia
97beecf329150dd2eb1e14091d9beeb94744c572
the 2019 ncaa division i men's soccer season
the 2019 ncaa division i men's soccer season was the 61st season of ncaa championship men's college soccer. the regular season began on august 30, 2019 and continued into the third weekend of november 2019. the season culminated with the four-team college cup at wakemed soccer park in cary, north carolina, december 13–...
wikipedia
5012bce17c6b02fd71e7f01624c9e2c086febcfc
this was also the final season for four
this was also the final season for four schools in their then-current conferences. the cal state bakersfield roadrunners and kansas city roos both left their then-current home of the western athletic conference, with the roadrunners joining the big west conference and the roos returning to the summit league in july 202...
wikipedia
160669b6d31024b04eebbe4df3821b282b108926
despite the program's many successes, the university of
despite the program's many successes, the university of new mexico 's board of regents voted, for economic reasons, to discontinue the men's soccer program and three other sports teams at the conclusion of their 2018–19 seasons.
wikipedia
8c60c1560d6f019ac077a22b5d6401ab4155ca0a
three schools that sponsor men's soccer began transitions
three schools that sponsor men's soccer began transitions from division ii in the 2020–21 school year. bellarmine will join the asun conference, dixie state will join the western athletic conference, and uc san diego will join the big west conference.
wikipedia
42d16616cf3533e083601fd8b9994f6b2609ba58
in addition to liu, one other division i
in addition to liu, one other division i men's soccer program assumed a new athletic identity during the 2018–19 offseason. on july 1, 2019, the university of missouri–kansas city (umkc) announced that its athletic program, previously known as the umkc kangaroos, would henceforth be known as the kansas city roos.
wikipedia
8aeb0d414ad9e198e1f5a1da592675938960279e
long island university announced in october 2018 that
long island university announced in october 2018 that its two current athletic programs—the division i liu brooklyn blackbirds and the division ii liu post pioneers —would merge into a single division i athletic program under the liu name after the 2018–19 school year. the unified program, which maintains liu brooklyn'...
wikipedia
97beecf329150dd2eb1e14091d9beeb94744c572
the 2019 ncaa division i men's soccer season
the 2019 ncaa division i men's soccer season was the 61st season of ncaa championship men's college soccer. the regular season began on august 30, 2019 and continued into the third weekend of november 2019. the season culminated with the four-team college cup at wakemed soccer park in cary, north carolina, december 13–...
wikipedia
39bfbc4fe762f38c2ce2839cf929fab01c9568fb
sequential quadratic programming (sqp) is an iterative method
sequential quadratic programming (sqp) is an iterative method for constrained nonlinear optimization which may be considered a quasi-newton method. sqp methods are used on mathematical problems for which the objective function and the constraints are twice continuously differentiable, but not necessarily convex. sqp me...
wikipedia
7e667e7c927019b68d25196ce6c1b9f7d86ebf53
together, the sqp algorithm starts by first choosing
together, the sqp algorithm starts by first choosing the initial iterate (x 0, λ 0, σ 0) {\displaystyle (x_{0},\lambda _{0},\sigma _{0})}, then calculating ∇ 2 l (x 0, λ 0, σ 0) {\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}{\mathcal {l}}(x_{0},\lambda _{0},\sigma _{0})} and ∇ l (x 0, λ 0, σ 0) {\displaystyle \nabla {\mathcal {l}}(x_{0},\...
wikipedia
dcd461930dc02fef746ee680c23981310c2b0829
where the quadratic form is formed with the
where the quadratic form is formed with the hessian of the lagrangian.note that the term f (x k) {\displaystyle f(x_{k})} in the expression above may be left out for the minimization problem, since it is constant under the min d {\displaystyle \min \limits _{d}} operator.
wikipedia
a09b4d47bf1724ec46c38c71691cb0eb12c1aeb6
however, because the matrix ∇ 2 l {\displaystyle
however, because the matrix ∇ 2 l {\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}{\mathcal {l}}} is generally singular (and therefore non- invertible), the newton step d k = (∇ x x 2 l) − 1 ∇ l {\displaystyle d_{k}=\left(\nabla _{xx}^{2}{\mathcal {l}}\right)^{-1}\nabla {\mathcal {l}}} cannot be calculated directly. instead the basic sequen...
wikipedia
775f18fb1fd630f34e8fa0043f75c37933f51540
= − − 1 ⏟ ∇ 2 l
= − − 1 ⏟ ∇ 2 l ⏟ ∇ l {\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}x_{k+1}\\\lambda _{k+1}\\\sigma _{k+1}\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}x_{k}\\\lambda _{k}\\\sigma _{k}\end{bmatrix}}-\underbrace {{\begin{bmatrix}\nabla _{xx}^{2}{\mathcal {l}}&\nabla h&\nabla g\\\nabla h^{t}&0&0\\\nabla g^{t}&0&0\end{bmatrix}}^{-1}} _{\nabla ^{2}{\ma...
wikipedia
db45cd6b91b96ed2a1908208dd9bebef098928c6
the standard newton's method searches for the solution
the standard newton's method searches for the solution ∇ l (x, λ, σ) = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla {\mathcal {l}}(x,\lambda,\sigma)=0} by iterating the following equation, where ∇ x x 2 {\displaystyle \nabla _{xx}^{2}} denotes the hessian matrix:
wikipedia
0693cede79e025f3990ecf9091179c2d964be121
sqp methods solve a sequence of optimization subproblems,
sqp methods solve a sequence of optimization subproblems, each of which optimizes a quadratic model of the objective subject to a linearization of the constraints. if the problem is unconstrained, then the method reduces to newton's method for finding a point where the gradient of the objective vanishes. if the problem...
wikipedia
5942d66aed47166e9c4c291d64b700918c6d00dc
sequential quadratic programming (sqp) is an iterative method
sequential quadratic programming (sqp) is an iterative method for constrained nonlinear optimization which may be considered a quasi-newton method. sqp methods are used on mathematical problems for which the objective function and the constraints are twice continuously differentiable, but not necessarily convex.
wikipedia
caba3b5d319d71fad2d0be07f23e902c94ec4f75
a trapped-ion quantum computer is one proposed approach
a trapped-ion quantum computer is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and suspended in free space using electromagnetic fields. qubits are stored in stable electronic states of each ion, and quantum information can be transferred through the collec...
wikipedia
4ba593c3b27a646427385c00ba7db0438322ba51
the next component of a cnot gate is
the next component of a cnot gate is the controlled phase-flip gate, or the controlled- x gate (see quantum logic gate). in a trapped-ion quantum computer, the state of the center of mass phonon functions as the control qubit, and the internal atomic spin state of the ion is the working qubit. the phase of the working ...
wikipedia
273b6b41d43e3c1b84c7895da556ed40ade01fe3
the controlled not gate is a crucial component
the controlled not gate is a crucial component for quantum computing, as any quantum gate can be created by a combination of cnot gates and single-qubit rotations. it is therefore important that a trapped-ion quantum computer can perform this operation by meeting the following three requirements.
wikipedia
eb6cd0ee58e4c7b6be1a8db1aeed68c7f5e979ce
trapped-ion quantum computers theoretically meet all of divincenzo's
trapped-ion quantum computers theoretically meet all of divincenzo's criteria for quantum computing, but implementation of the system can be quite difficult. the main challenges facing trapped-ion quantum computing are the initialization of the ion's motional states, and the relatively brief lifetimes of the phonon sta...
wikipedia
143764b24832eff28be7e982c1400e9f8c821612
one way to combat decoherence is to represent
one way to combat decoherence is to represent the quantum state in a new basis called the decoherence-free subspaces, or dfs., with basis states | ↑ ↓ ⟩ {\displaystyle \left|\uparrow \downarrow \right\rangle } and | ↓ ↑ ⟩ {\displaystyle \left|\downarrow \uparrow \right\rangle }. the dfs is actually the subspace of two ...
wikipedia
0798729b85d305820c8704c5b281b3c26741ebc1
additional relative phases could arise from physical movements
additional relative phases could arise from physical movements of the trap or the presence of unintended electric fields. if the user could determine the parameter α, accounting for this decoherence would be relatively simple, as known quantum information processes exist for correcting a relative phase. however, since ...
wikipedia
a1fe2e55328d860b0bf47936814d0e3277922ad4
| ↑ ⟩ + | ↓ ⟩ ⟶
| ↑ ⟩ + | ↓ ⟩ ⟶ exp (i α) | ↑ ⟩ + | ↓ ⟩ {\displaystyle \left|\uparrow \right\rangle +\left|\downarrow \right\rangle \longrightarrow \exp(i\alpha)\left|\uparrow \right\rangle +\left|\downarrow \right\rangle }
wikipedia
ad5cc81b14ae520489a90dd6dad1d430152367a0
when an ion is being transported between regions
when an ion is being transported between regions in an interconnected trap and is subjected to a nonuniform magnetic field, decoherence can occur in the form of the equation below (see zeeman effect). this effectively changes the relative phase of the quantum state. the up and down arrows correspond to a general superp...
wikipedia
40ec8e56a8955fbeab424b1708e47914c7072d65
the variable electric potential created by the electrodes
the variable electric potential created by the electrodes can both trap ions in specific regions and move them through the transport channels, which negates the necessity of containing all ions in a single trap. ions in the qccd's memory region are isolated from any operations and therefore the information contained in...
wikipedia
a24910d0f6183ad9fde98a43a28545af5fa231b7
quantum computers must be capable of initializing, storing,
quantum computers must be capable of initializing, storing, and manipulating many qubits at once in order to solve difficult computational problems. however, as previously discussed, a finite number of qubits can be stored in each trap while still maintaining their computational abilities. it is therefore necessary to ...
wikipedia
623377b63b5bc9e92589090463e554e7eb6d2734
besides the controlled-not gate proposed by cirac and
besides the controlled-not gate proposed by cirac and zoller in 1995, many equivalent, but more robust, schemes have been proposed and implemented experimentally since. recent theoretical work by jj. garcia-ripoll, cirac, and zoller have shown that there are no fundamental limitations to the speed of entangling gates, ...
wikipedia
c408260ea0d3a9d46c20460673ccfe2dc42abe4b
to obtain the hamiltonian for the ion-laser interaction,
to obtain the hamiltonian for the ion-laser interaction, apply the jaynes–cummings model. once the hamiltonian is found, the formula for the unitary operation performed on the qubit can be derived using the principles of quantum time evolution. although this model utilizes the rotating wave approximation, it proves to ...
wikipedia
0f47d4c5fd06b67eb1eae8c2057d4e7d435b2ea5
the rotation operators r x (θ) {\displaystyle r_{x}(\theta)}
the rotation operators r x (θ) {\displaystyle r_{x}(\theta)} and r y (θ) {\displaystyle r_{y}(\theta)} can be applied to individual ions by manipulating the frequency of an external electromagnetic field from and exposing the ions to the field for specific amounts of time. these controls create a hamiltonian of the for...
wikipedia
04374736430091daaa53f9c64c191a1dcea9bdc2
one of the requirements of universal quantum computing
one of the requirements of universal quantum computing is to coherently change the state of a single qubit. for example, this can transform a qubit starting out in 0 into any arbitrary superposition of 0 and 1 defined by the user. in a trapped-ion system, this is often done using magnetic dipole transitions or stimulat...
wikipedia
ee2c4171bb325e5a8d602ec37e8cd2af292b6131
measuring the state of the qubit stored in
measuring the state of the qubit stored in an ion is quite simple. typically, a laser is applied to the ion that couples only one of the qubit states. when the ion collapses into this state during the measurement process, the laser will excite it, resulting in a photon being released when the ion decays from the excite...
wikipedia
fd2ece591c9e5690826a0fc6c2fae999b4300784
the system's initial state for quantum computation can
the system's initial state for quantum computation can therefore be described by the ions in their hyperfine and motional ground states, resulting in an initial center of mass phonon state of | 0 ⟩ {\displaystyle |0\rangle } (zero phonons).
wikipedia
c895cfc068cd4d45a4bfdbcd54cc203a5c79f7c1
ionic qubit states can be prepared in a
ionic qubit states can be prepared in a specific qubit state using a process called optical pumping. in this process, a laser couples the ion to some excited states which eventually decay to one state which is not coupled to the laser. once the ion reaches that state, it has no excited levels to couple to in the presen...
wikipedia
41d8290dafcfd0320d48f4f3462096e32786ff25
hyperfine qubits are extremely long-lived (decay time of
hyperfine qubits are extremely long-lived (decay time of the order of thousands to millions of years) and phase/frequency stable (traditionally used for atomic frequency standards). optical qubits are also relatively long-lived (with a decay time of the order of a second), compared to the logic gate operation time (whi...
wikipedia
b8bccb95c1a0d7beb4ef85087ff4478c0f877c41
once trapped, the ions should be cooled such
once trapped, the ions should be cooled such that k b t ≪ ℏ ω z {\displaystyle k_{\rm {b}}t\ll \hbar \omega _{z}} (see lamb dicke regime). this can be achieved by a combination of doppler cooling and resolved sideband cooling. at this very low temperature, vibrational energy in the ion trap is quantized into phonons by...
wikipedia
213f1bb4ab892173b4d6af02e570a8dad60ae378
this saddle point is the point of minimized
this saddle point is the point of minimized energy magnitude, | e (x) | {\displaystyle |e(\mathbf {x})|}, for the ions in the potential field. the paul trap is often described as a harmonic potential well that traps ions in two dimensions (assume x ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {x}}} and y ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {y}}} wit...
wikipedia
10f18fa1150d3f0e36aa5520865b599b9138d7f0
the electrodynamic quadrupole ion trap currently used in
the electrodynamic quadrupole ion trap currently used in trapped-ion quantum computing research was invented in the 1950s by wolfgang paul (who received the nobel prize for his work in 1989). charged particles cannot be trapped in 3d by just electrostatic forces because of earnshaw's theorem. instead, an electric field...
wikipedia
c704c1e3c696e08dd4b37b04eb86060fe038a397
the first implementation scheme for a controlled-not quantum
the first implementation scheme for a controlled-not quantum gate was proposed by ignacio cirac and peter zoller in 1995, specifically for the trapped-ion system. the same year, a key step in the controlled-not gate was experimentally realized at nist ion storage group, and research in quantum computing began to take o...
wikipedia
1917eb92896d9ba2bc03aa7948b71ea9913164a5
the fundamental operations of a quantum computer have
the fundamental operations of a quantum computer have been demonstrated experimentally with the currently highest accuracy in trapped-ion systems. promising schemes in development to scale the system to arbitrarily large numbers of qubits include transporting ions to spatially distinct locations in an array of ion trap...
wikipedia