id
stringlengths
40
40
title
stringlengths
15
120
text
stringlengths
41
3.14k
source
stringclasses
2 values
5c7417d7a09726209330de5efd9f3ae7df074889
shannon played college basketball for the north texas
shannon played college basketball for the north texas green and kansas state wildcats. after the 1947–48 season with kansas state, he was ruled ineligible to play by the big seven after the conference re-interpreted a rule to count freshman and junior college play against a player's four-year limit of college play. con...
wikipedia
100d1c8c632432bd8368c7069c1b824e5239f77c
howard shannon (june 10, 1923 – august 16,
howard shannon (june 10, 1923 – august 16, 1995) was an american basketball player and coach. he played professionally in the basketball association of america (baa) and the early years of the national basketball association (nba). he later coached at the high school and college levels.
wikipedia
fe33035257d38b2d0c54518e12f21da5a3e2029b
edward horst leede was an american professional basketball
edward horst leede was an american professional basketball player. leede was selected in the third round in the 1949 baa draft by the providence steamrollers. he played for the boston celtics, however, during his two-year baa/nba career. dartmouth college, his alma mater, named their basketball arena after him. he woul...
wikipedia
ea7dc8b9650a9a52871cac6a5047c307e7d58dc9
edward horst leede (july 17, 1927 – february
edward horst leede (july 17, 1927 – february 24, 2018) was an american professional basketball player. leede was selected in the third round in the 1949 baa draft by the providence steamrollers. he played for the boston celtics, however, during his two-year baa/nba career. dartmouth college, his alma mater, named their...
wikipedia
a7877b6371ee0cd892f6766609b73c276bdf95f1
rory michael fallon is a new zealand former
rory michael fallon is a new zealand former professional footballer who played predominantly as a forward. he is currently head of youth development at wellington phoenix. he previously played for barnsley, shrewsbury town, swindon town, swansea city, plymouth argyle, ipswich town, yeovil town, aberdeen, st johnstone, ...
wikipedia
2a129d9ad711b8fdc5cafd24571139968dc64784
in november 2021, fallon was appointed head of
in november 2021, fallon was appointed head of youth development at wellington phoenix, also coaching the under-19s team before becoming manager waterside karori of the central league in december 2023. in january 2024, waterside karori announced that they had ended fallon's contract by way of mutual consent before the ...
wikipedia
5ffe4d4a068156a453f41f3141e837cc001cbdc3
on 14 november 2009, fallon headed home the
on 14 november 2009, fallon headed home the only goal just before half-time in the second leg of new zealand's world cup qualifier against bahrain, to send new zealand to the fifa world cup in south africa, their first appearance at the finals in 28 years. fallon played in all three of new zealand's finals games.
wikipedia
31873896bef30ab1c3b497a72f9d21e47feaf7bb
in august 2009, fallon was called up to
in august 2009, fallon was called up to the new zealand squad for a friendly against jordan the following month and the crucial two-legged world cup play-off matches against bahrain later in the year. fallon scored on debut in the match against jordan, which new zealand won 3–1.
wikipedia
2f26a2f6a68ebd6dd9285639395cd6cb0b52521c
on 3 june 2009, fifa congress passed a
on 3 june 2009, fifa congress passed a motion removing the age limit for changing associations for players who had already played for a country's national team at youth level under article 18 of the regulations governing the application of the fifa statutes. this allowed for the possibility of fallon again representing...
wikipedia
45561203fec306774fd9c54aeb725137c1e19563
in january 2006, new zealand coach ricki herbert
in january 2006, new zealand coach ricki herbert suggested that fallon might still get a chance to represent new zealand at senior level. herbert claimed that the only reason why fallon wasn't picked was due to lack of correspondence from fifa regarding this matter. fallon had until he was 21 years old to get clearance...
wikipedia
255da5e5fc7f60ef2eac8b7abe7d7c1dd5e36c62
despite being born in new zealand and having
despite being born in new zealand and having a father who coached new zealand at the 1982 world cup, fallon chose to represent england at junior level. he played international football for england at u16, u17, u18, u19 and u20 levels and switched when fifa changed the eligibility rules.
wikipedia
833301a30b8751e15a86a3541fc0b8016aaf0e56
in january 2016, fallon joined bristol rovers on
in january 2016, fallon joined bristol rovers on non-contract terms until the end of the season. he made his debut as a 76th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 loss to accrington stanley f.c. in the summer of 2016, he joined national league south club, truro city f.c. as a player-coach but had his contract cancelled by mutual...
wikipedia
16cf070e82f91cbde9b076ce4b54ad217e1a4600
in september 2014, fallon joined scunthorpe united on
in september 2014, fallon joined scunthorpe united on a short-term deal. fallon scored on his scunthorpe début in a 3–2 loss to oldham athletic on 27 september 2014.
wikipedia
a48c39397d5dbce54806a87261047ffe162f4311
fallon joined scottish premier league side st johnstone
fallon joined scottish premier league side st johnstone in july 2013 on a free transfer, the deal was completed in time for fallon to play a part, if called upon, in st johnstone's uefa europa league second qualifying round tie against norwegian tippeligaen side rosenborg. on 31 january 2014, fallon left st johnstone b...
wikipedia
74c9dde4b930447f4a7836ead2a4a3ba420aa63e
in september 2011, he signed a two-year deal
in september 2011, he signed a two-year deal with scottish premier league club aberdeen. fallon's time at aberdeen was notable for his performances in the 2011–12 scottish cup. after scoring in aberdeen's 4–0, 4th round victory over forfar athletic, he set up aberdeen's opener in the 5th round 2–1 win over queen of the...
wikipedia
0bd54d7d99e77051e20158c6f7afb1a51fdccd3a
on the opening day of the 2010–11 season,
on the opening day of the 2010–11 season, fallon played the full 90 minutes and was the provider for luke summerfield 's winning goal in plymouth's 1–0 win over pre-season promotion favourites southampton. in november, he joined ipswich town on short loan, returning to plymouth in january.
wikipedia
12e4a2a75cb45aa895edb00a5fe8833c924c86a7
on 29 september 2009, fallon scored the winning
on 29 september 2009, fallon scored the winning goal for plymouth against peterborough united earning the pilgrims their first win of the season after seven straight defeats, lifting them off the bottom of the table. fallon then scored the opening goal in argyle's next game against scunthorpe united which they also won...
wikipedia
db1c91c30e870ad1d612f58adb46336e070a8a93
fallon had only started a handful of games
fallon had only started a handful of games for plymouth argyle, and had struggled to get into the team. he went without a competitive goal at home park until 19 january 2008, exactly one-year after he signed for the club, when he scored a second half equaliser against southampton. it was only his fourth goal for the pi...
wikipedia
45fe0fccffd799011e6dd5d2e419dc6f3553ca27
he signed for league one team swansea city
he signed for league one team swansea city in january 2006 for a fee believed to be £300,000, the second highest fee ever paid by the welsh club. a productive year followed for the striker, scoring 13 goals in all competitions from 48 appearances. this prompted interest from championship side plymouth argyle and they p...
wikipedia
19dc2515ba39c76bd9ec1866cf192c931db6e0cb
despite the departure of tommy mooney, fallon found
despite the departure of tommy mooney, fallon found himself regularly on the bench in the 2004–05 season. he was loaned out to yeovil town to increase his confidence and he scored on his debut against scunthorpe united. he failed to score in the remainder of the season, but a red card for kicking huddersfield town defe...
wikipedia
398598195b2bcbedbe141ac1531481f32ee1f3a5
fallon was signed for an undisclosed fee by
fallon was signed for an undisclosed fee by swindon town in november 2003 after a number of impressive performances against them with barnsley, which caught the eye of manager andy king. after breaking into the team he scored a number of important goals in the 2003–04 campaign; including an overhead kick from the edge ...
wikipedia
4868495eabcc7129dfe1b88faa3b01d563ea691b
born in gisborne, fallon started his career at
born in gisborne, fallon started his career at barnsley, becoming a professional in 1999 after moving up through their trainee programme. he had just begun to cement his place in the first-team when he suffered a stress fracture of his foot, which saw him struggle to regain his place.
wikipedia
66dd251ebc1e8435e26bc3e0fc998f4130f7407a
he previously played for barnsley, shrewsbury town, swindon
he previously played for barnsley, shrewsbury town, swindon town, swansea city, plymouth argyle, ipswich town, yeovil town, aberdeen, st johnstone, bristol rovers, scunthorpe united, dorchester town. he was also capped by new zealand a total of 24 times, scoring 6 goals. he represented his country at both the 2010 fifa...
wikipedia
79530728734ebe0e9cb4249412ebeb3539779098
in 2004, bulska was awarded the "bunsen-kirchhoff award
in 2004, bulska was awarded the "bunsen-kirchhoff award for analytical spectroscopy" for her work in the field of furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with special mention of the use of matrix modifiers as well as for the analysis of biological materials and for studies on the conservation of art objects. in 2012 she...
wikipedia
bb63d34d580ddf03acc570f551ab2ad3bcb52280
she is the acting director of the biological
she is the acting director of the biological and chemical research center at the university of warsaw, a member of the committee of analytical chemistry of the polish academy of sciences (pan), and a member of the consultative council of the central office of measures.
wikipedia
ab4e398cea8cb913b5821b6ace4713ca6480f727
at the university of warsaw, bulska completed her
at the university of warsaw, bulska completed her master's degree in 1977, and her phd in 1986 at the faculty of chemistry, obtained her habilitation in chemical sciences and spectrometry in 1996, which was based on her scientific dissertation titled "utilization of microwave plasma in coupled systems for inorganic tra...
wikipedia
58b0cd6358561bd85f94265ac8dae8ffcc72c900
ewa joanna bulska (born august 2 1953) is
ewa joanna bulska (born august 2 1953) is a polish chemist, and professor of chemical sciences at the university of warsaw, who specializes in analytical chemistry, atomic and mass spectrometry with over 237 scholarly publications.
wikipedia
7269d5e9b2e290234b2add95e2f60e5aecb2d149
artyom levshunov is a belarusian professional ice hockey
artyom levshunov is a belarusian professional ice hockey defenceman for the chicago blackhawks of the national hockey league (nhl). he played college hockey for the michigan state spartans. he was selected second overall by the blackhawks in the 2024 nhl entry draft, the highest-drafted belarusian player in nhl history...
wikipedia
0708c45fdb24dfc3d374826cbb6d5f5bd403cb25
levshunov debuted internationally with team belarus at the
levshunov debuted internationally with team belarus at the 2022 world junior ice hockey championships, in the division i group a tournament, the second tier of international junior competition. he helped the team to win a gold medal with 2 assists in 5 games.
wikipedia
a064de533cdb1132a6c8c487a1ecdc609af3bfa6
levshunov was drafted second overall by the chicago
levshunov was drafted second overall by the chicago blackhawks in the 2024 nhl entry draft, making him the highest drafted player from belarus. he signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the blackhawks on july 6, 2024.
wikipedia
d17540de69f3f4e51f078fc26e4f2d34215bb26e
levshunov committed to play college ice hockey for
levshunov committed to play college ice hockey for michigan state university in the summer of 2023. on october 7, 2023, he made his debut for the spartans in a game against lake superior state. the next day, he recorded his first ncaa goal and assist, also against lake superior state.
wikipedia
b1cd7088b53d65a0f69dd1c7849b2be5a728665f
debuting with the gamblers as a 16-year-old and
debuting with the gamblers as a 16-year-old and speaking very little english, he quickly earned his first ushl defencemen of the week on november 9, 2022, for a week in which he score 2 goals and 5 points in 2 games. on march 20, 2023, levshunov earned his second ushl defenceman of the week with 1 goal and 4 points in ...
wikipedia
a00ec06c3607d76cfa6b665a42138c3ec74baf4c
following the 2021–22 season, in which he scored
following the 2021–22 season, in which he scored 25 goals and 38 assists in 63 games for team belarus u18 in the second-tier belarusian vysshaya liga, levshunov was selected 111th overall by the green bay gamblers in the 8th round of the 2022 united states hockey league (ushl) phase ii draft.
wikipedia
c60519b8f6aab491fc0668c90ac9c173a40b6c59
artyom levshunov (belarusian: Арцём Леўшуноў, arciom leŭshunoŭ; born
artyom levshunov (belarusian: Арцём Леўшуноў, arciom leŭshunoŭ; born october 28, 2005) is a belarusian professional ice hockey defenceman for the chicago blackhawks of the national hockey league (nhl). he played college hockey for the michigan state spartans. he was selected second overall by the blackhawks in the 2024...
wikipedia
2b4e4b0a033ebdd61783b58fb7d92900dcbb9fc4
jean-claude-républicain arnoux was a french civil engineer known
jean-claude-républicain arnoux was a french civil engineer known for his invention of the arnoux system for articulating trains on tight curves. as an entrepreneur he founded and directed the compagnie de paris à orsay, which constructed and operated the line from paris to orsay and is now part of the ligne de sceaux. ...
wikipedia
b6e6b9f6d9bf8d941ce38a05224a6b4286474b30
arnoux had previously provided diligences for the paris
arnoux had previously provided diligences for the paris - orléans journey from 10 june 1843; he hadn't foreseen their redundancy. this operation was first used on the first french (and first continental european) line, opened on 30 june 1827 between paris and saint-Étienne and 1 march 1832 to andrézieux.
wikipedia
6e00251c83106a47bf6624f9ef7a82dab0614420
the first line was from the barrière d'enfer
the first line was from the barrière d'enfer ("hell's gate") (now denfert-rochereau) to sceaux, hauts-de-seine. according to the timetables, in the year 1868 it ran to paris every hour on the hour from 6am to 10pm and from paris to sceaux hourly from 6.47am to 10.47pm. the price in first class was 75 centimes, in secon...
wikipedia
b15e8f0cfc5e7376489eac02dc576cb92d30be36
by an order of 6 september 1844 he
by an order of 6 september 1844 he won the operator's concession for the ligne de sceaux for 50 years. work started in the middle of 1845, under the direction and assistance of his two sons-in-law. lalanne worked on the route, earthworks and infrastructure. he worked later to extend the route as far as robinson in 1893...
wikipedia
a30a84e77cf801e423d437dca3ebf6eebe076a51
he is best known as the inventor of
he is best known as the inventor of the arnoux system (french: système ferroviaire dit arnoux), which was used on the first ligne de sceaux on 6 june 1846. this system used trains with articulated axles, such that the movements of the axles were guided by chains and pulleys, so that they could negotiate tight curves at...
wikipedia
f40f99790a3392836026969186447dd155bb4f6e
between 1845 and 1852 he built the rail
between 1845 and 1852 he built the rail line from paris to strasbourg, after doing scientific research at the École centrale. in 1838 he published essays concerning his system for carriages on large curves. on 9 march 1841 he made a proposal for a railway from paris to meaux, although it was not enacted.
wikipedia
983c05c29ed79ffd842cc3ff063c703386281f63
jean-claude-républicain arnoux was born at le cateau-cambrésis in
jean-claude-républicain arnoux was born at le cateau-cambrésis in the nord department of france on 16 december 1792. his father was a postmaster. in 1811 he entered the École polytechnique and became a lieutenant in the artillery under the french first empire, before being decommissioned on 16 july 1815.
wikipedia
090641171fc5c45525f40c3000a3511b3556eb64
jean-claude-républicain arnoux (le cateau-cambrésis 16 december 1792 –
jean-claude-républicain arnoux (le cateau-cambrésis 16 december 1792 – 1866) was a french civil engineer known for his invention of the arnoux system for articulating trains on tight curves. as an entrepreneur he founded and directed the compagnie de paris à orsay, which constructed and operated the line from paris to ...
wikipedia
ef8dfeeb88c8d778676d887be534085ddd72dc90
the private daito railway (大湯鉄道) had opened a
the private daito railway (大湯鉄道) had opened a track between Ōita and onoya in 1915. the daito railway was nationalized on 1 december 1922, after which japanese government railways (jgr) undertook phased westward expansion of the track which, at the time, it had designated as the daito line. by 1928, the track had reach...
wikipedia
2a137e39c654f08409b11df5d1a7541b82be3b27
the station consists of a side platform serving
the station consists of a side platform serving a single track at grade. the station building is a small structure of traditional japanese plaster wall design which is unstaffed and serves only as a waiting room. from the station building, a short flight of steps leads up to the platform.
wikipedia
a557c183f940a071a3d176614de030e2bf4e1e7d
josé luis moreira da encarnação is a portuguese
josé luis moreira da encarnação is a portuguese computer scientist, professor emeritus at the department of computer science of the technische universität darmstadt in germany and a senior technology and innovation advisor to governments, multinational companies, research institutions and organizations, and foundations...
wikipedia
c97b756624b73765e346d442ee581074eea540ce
in honor of professor encarnação's achievements in the
in honor of professor encarnação's achievements in the area of computer graphics, the eurographics portuguese chapter established in 2010 the annual professor josé luís encarnação award for student achievement in academic publication in the area of computer graphics.
wikipedia
f5d6d15bc96b8a37ad4d4dd3e582ba9b76df39c2
in 2001 he was elected full academy member
in 2001 he was elected full academy member of the berlin-brandenburg academy of sciences and humanities bbaw and in 2002 he became a full academy member of the german academy of science and technology acatech. in 2017 he was awarded with an honorary membership of the german "gesellschaft für forschungstransfer" (gfft).
wikipedia
446cd626898579dd125b8ace96d53939947ed4e1
in 1999 he founded the ini-graphicsnet, an international
in 1999 he founded the ini-graphicsnet, an international network of institutions for r&d and applications in computer graphics, which is today a network of legally independent but closely cooperating research entities in germany, italy, panama, portugal and spain. since 2010 this network is operating under the new name...
wikipedia
e1edf07365d8534c3d2e979d34daa784a1694bd5
in 1980, professor encarnação was one of the
in 1980, professor encarnação was one of the founders of eurographics, the european association for computer graphics, from 1980 to 1984 its first chairman and from 1985 to 1991 the chairman of its professional board.
wikipedia
a59447e62a677c9c1902b7ebcd65a35989a7d975
from 2001 to 2007 professor encarnação was a
from 2001 to 2007 professor encarnação was a member of the eu-advisory board (istag) for the eu 6th and 7th framework programme for the ict area. he was chairman of this board from 2002 to 2004 and its vice-chairman from 2005 to 2007.
wikipedia
2380cdc9339fe83974b78c47c210ffb853a2a06c
from 1995 to 2001 he was an elected
from 1995 to 2001 he was an elected member of the senate of the fraunhofer society (fhg) in munich and from 2002 to 2006 he was a member of the advisory board (präsidium) of the gesellschaft für informatik (gi).
wikipedia
1660bf75ce348072201d5fec7852c86d804c92d1
from 1975 to 2009 he was a full
from 1975 to 2009 he was a full professor of computer science at the technische universität darmstadt (tu darmstadt), germany, and the head of its interactive graphics research group (tud–gris). since october 2009 he is professor emeritus of the tu darmstadt.
wikipedia
7906468400d2d502c589baf0bb1be72f1661f653
in 1967, professor encarnação started his academic career
in 1967, professor encarnação started his academic career in computer graphics at the technische universität berlin (tub) and at the heinrich-hertz-institute in berlin. subsequently, he held research and academic positions at the heinrich-hertz-institute in berlin (1968-1972) and at the universität des saarlandes (1972...
wikipedia
0f5d19db0472ca0c59f5d28c68a09d6fb54e300e
he holds a diploma (dipl.-ing.) and a doctorate
he holds a diploma (dipl.-ing.) and a doctorate (dr.-ing.) in electrical engineering from the technische universität berlin (tub), where he conducted his ph.d. studies with a scholarship of the gulbenkian foundation.
wikipedia
a557c183f940a071a3d176614de030e2bf4e1e7d
josé luis moreira da encarnação is a portuguese
josé luis moreira da encarnação is a portuguese computer scientist, professor emeritus at the department of computer science of the technische universität darmstadt in germany and a senior technology and innovation advisor to governments, multinational companies, research institutions and organizations, and foundations...
wikipedia
0858dece2f61485ee6b49b729bd29452c1b0b7a9
john t. "jackie" moore is a retired american
john t. "jackie" moore is a retired american professional basketball player. a 6'5" small forward from la salle university, moore played three seasons (1954–1957) in the national basketball association as a member of the syracuse nationals, milwaukee hawks, and philadelphia warriors. he averaged 2.7 points per game in ...
wikipedia
5720dadfd57f6d7660c4f1e177782712c39482c6
a 6'5" small forward from la salle university,
a 6'5" small forward from la salle university, moore played three seasons (1954–1957) in the national basketball association as a member of the syracuse nationals, milwaukee hawks, and philadelphia warriors. he averaged 2.7 points per game in his nba career and won a league championship in 1956.
wikipedia
e5ae072cbe992eaff751008b7d8dda63d476701a
lamah datasets always consist of a combination of
lamah datasets always consist of a combination of meteorological time series (e.g., precipitation, temperature) and hydrologically relevant catchment attributes (e.g., elevation, slope, forest area, soil, bedrock) aggregated over the respective catchment as well as associated hydrological time series at the catchment o...
wikipedia
12be5b245658b82967e3601ae0614b11aac3d4a6
lamah (la rge-sa m ple d a ta
lamah (la rge-sa m ple d a ta for h ydrology and environmental sciences) is a cross-state initiative for unified data preparation and collection in the field of catchment hydrology. hydrological datasets, for example, are an integral component for creating flood forecasting models.
wikipedia
df3479daf4d1c7e9e0800ed8e26e2ac92f755dcc
jamal tyrone robinson is an american retired basketball
jamal tyrone robinson is an american retired basketball small forward who played one season in the national basketball association (nba) as a member of the miami heat during the 2000–01 season. born in queens, new york, he attended the university of virginia where he played for their basketball team. he attended monsig...
wikipedia
3a731d9bbdd1cdf532f6d287971c634cf72aa742
jamal tyrone robinson (born december 27, 1973) is
jamal tyrone robinson (born december 27, 1973) is an american retired basketball small forward who played one season in the national basketball association (nba) as a member of the miami heat during the 2000–01 season. born in queens, new york, he attended the university of virginia where he played for their basketball...
wikipedia
758b7d44395d9173d9e9ed8fc0c5f3a2289a9dff
anthony raymond fitzjohn, obe was a british conservationist
anthony raymond fitzjohn, obe was a british conservationist who worked extensively with george adamson at kora in africa. in recognition of his service to wildlife conservation, fitzjohn was appointed an officer of the order of the british empire in 2006.
wikipedia
ef692a37a6ddb6a730709c674cfcdca90e1c4966
fitzjohn was born on 7 july 1945 and
fitzjohn was born on 7 july 1945 and was adopted as an infant by hilda and leslie fitzjohn. he was raised in cockfosters, a suburb of north london, and was educated at mill hill school, a boarding school also in north london. after a brief career with express dairies, he left for south africa in 1968 and then for kenya...
wikipedia
b4e042f12f1c50d13c7bbbe029b8e955dc81a98f
anthony raymond fitzjohn, obe (7 july 1945 –
anthony raymond fitzjohn, obe (7 july 1945 – 23 may 2022) was a british conservationist who worked extensively with george adamson at kora in africa. in recognition of his service to wildlife conservation, fitzjohn was appointed an officer of the order of the british empire in 2006.
wikipedia
9aff217f1079046207ad99e2b670f97675b9cc71
this station was opened on 20 march 1911
this station was opened on 20 march 1911 as onomura station (小野村駅, onomura-eki) and was renamed to onohonmachi station (小野本町駅, onohonmachi-eki) on 7 january 1964. the station was then renamed to its present name on 1 october 2019.
wikipedia
e38a9c2a1cd1e8ffa0e116a713b0a2a63ecd7d11
kenneth richard murray is a canadian former professional
kenneth richard murray is a canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 106 games in the national hockey league for the kansas city scouts, toronto maple leafs, new york islanders and detroit red wings between 1970 and 1975. the rest of his career lasted from 1968 to 1979 and was spent in the minor le...
wikipedia
42e9047828611f6c72ca4d75e861b1147af730e6
kenneth richard murray (born january 22, 1948) is
kenneth richard murray (born january 22, 1948) is a canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 106 games in the national hockey league for the kansas city scouts, toronto maple leafs, new york islanders and detroit red wings between 1970 and 1975. the rest of his career lasted from 1968 to 1979 and w...
wikipedia
965120fab616701659cb6e5ccfaa4f4d10241be7
a thermistor is a semiconductor type of resistor
a thermistor is a semiconductor type of resistor whose resistance is strongly dependent on temperature, more so than in standard resistors. the word thermistor is a portmanteau of thermal and resistor. thermistors are categorized based on their conduction models. negative-temperature-coefficient (ntc) thermistors have ...
wikipedia
1a1307682146a7a6992061657c2f2c4071ee1d0d
because early thermistors were difficult to produce and
because early thermistors were difficult to produce and applications for the technology were limited, commercial production of thermistors did not begin until the 1930s. a commercially viable thermistor was invented by samuel ruben in 1930.
wikipedia
ef434b63cf0a95288c224b7364a27a4d25332ddb
the first ntc thermistor was discovered in 1833
the first ntc thermistor was discovered in 1833 by michael faraday, who reported on the semiconducting behavior of silver sulfide. faraday noticed that the resistance of silver sulfide decreased dramatically as temperature increased. (this was also the first documented observation of a semiconducting material.)
wikipedia
157b35e4f833202d378ab8b95729e959e42877de
the power dissipated in a thermistor is typically
the power dissipated in a thermistor is typically maintained at a very low level to ensure insignificant temperature measurement error due to self-heating. however, some thermistor applications depend upon significant "self-heating" to raise the body temperature of the thermistor well above the ambient temperature, so ...
wikipedia
6481e853050b4867eaedbe3c9d9cdcb8c8ae57f8
the dissipation constant is a measure of the
the dissipation constant is a measure of the thermal connection of the thermistor to its surroundings. it is generally given for the thermistor in still air and in well-stirred oil. typical values for a small glass-bead thermistor are 1.5 mw/°c in still air and 6.0 mw/°c in stirred oil. if the temperature of the enviro...
wikipedia
6c8c97ef5442a7948ac1a872bf730b64e3a7ed5b
the current and voltage across the thermistor depend
the current and voltage across the thermistor depend on the particular circuit configuration. as a simple example, if the voltage across the thermistor is held fixed, then by ohm's law we have i = v / r {\displaystyle i=v/r}, and the equilibrium equation can be solved for the ambient temperature as a function of the me...
wikipedia
85921163c816a8732d308482ad90734a4b94e737
where t (r) is the temperature of the
where t (r) is the temperature of the thermistor as a function of its resistance r, t 0 {\displaystyle t_{0}} is the temperature of the surroundings, and k is the dissipation constant, usually expressed in units of milliwatts per degree celsius. at equilibrium, the two rates must be equal:
wikipedia
435c6318985bb1ea5da7e4ce61b0f7134638daf7
when a current flows through a thermistor, it
when a current flows through a thermistor, it generates heat, which raises the temperature of the thermistor above that of its environment. if the thermistor is being used to measure the temperature of the environment, this electrical heating may introduce a significant error (an observer effect) if a correction is not...
wikipedia
612440247d9eeaed745f44d35478c5194e2ca4bf
another type of ptc thermistor is the polymer
another type of ptc thermistor is the polymer ptc, which is sold under brand names such as " polyswitch " "semifuse", and "multifuse". this consists of plastic with carbon grains embedded in it. when the plastic is cool, the carbon grains are all in contact with each other, forming a conductive path through the device....
wikipedia
97bd5a76c6b2c929916ed14848843a815d81d2ef
the dynamics of ptc thermistors being powered lends
the dynamics of ptc thermistors being powered lends to a wide range of applications. when first connected to a voltage source, a large current corresponding to the low, cold, resistance flows, but as the thermistor self-heats, the current is reduced until a limiting current (and corresponding peak device temperature) i...
wikipedia
e908c47ae37e52da0ef6a51b6ecc18fadd9296a7
another type of thermistor is a silistor (a
another type of thermistor is a silistor (a thermally sensitive silicon resistor). silistors employ silicon as the semiconductive component material. unlike ceramic ptc thermistors, silistors have an almost linear resistance-temperature characteristic. silicon ptc thermistors have a much smaller drift than an ntc therm...
wikipedia
07bf314266cc1874cc4811155d40fce792c69bf3
most ptc thermistors are made from doped polycrystalline
most ptc thermistors are made from doped polycrystalline ceramic (containing barium titanate (batio) and other compounds) which have the property that their resistance rises suddenly at a certain critical temperature. barium titanate is ferroelectric and its dielectric constant varies with temperature. below the curie ...
wikipedia
d5632080b258050832f1ec7530d0cd781102ed52
over large changes in temperature, calibration is necessary.
over large changes in temperature, calibration is necessary. over small changes in temperature, if the right semiconductor is used, the resistance of the material is linearly proportional to the temperature. there are many different semiconducting thermistors with a range from about 0.01 kelvin to 2,000 kelvins (−273.1...
wikipedia
b371bf1fa056a146ccf86b15920a04c2a0f32475
many ntc thermistors are made from a pressed
many ntc thermistors are made from a pressed disc, rod, plate, bead or cast chip of semiconducting material such as sintered metal oxides. they work because raising the temperature of a semiconductor increases the number of active charge carriers by promoting them into the conduction band. the more charge carriers that...
wikipedia
8e8fb72c4c80a908f62b51f84a66657a84d502ac
the b -parameter equation can also be written
the b -parameter equation can also be written as ln r = b / t + ln r ∞ {\displaystyle \ln r=b/t+\ln r_{\infty }}. this can be used to convert the function of resistance vs. temperature of a thermistor into a linear function of ln r {\displaystyle \ln r} vs. 1 / t {\displaystyle 1/t}. the average slope of this function ...
wikipedia
051d7156ed4baa6ee81b0146f29652de77d5cc30
ntc thermistors can also be characterised with the
ntc thermistors can also be characterised with the b (or β) parameter equation, which is essentially the steinhart–hart equation with a = 1 / t 0 − (1 / b) ln r 0 {\displaystyle a=1/t_{0}-(1/b)\ln r_{0}}, b = 1 / b {\displaystyle b=1/b} and c = 0 {\displaystyle c=0},
wikipedia
aefc6bcccda43689fe0d085a42a9a7da12c54341
the error in the steinhart–hart equation is generally
the error in the steinhart–hart equation is generally less than 0.02 °c in the measurement of temperature over a 200 °c range. as an example, typical values for a thermistor with a resistance of 3 kΩ at room temperature (25 °c = 298.15 k, r in Ω) are:
wikipedia
c5ca5da4c4d9d07f3c68ea8559346c4322190687
where a, b and c are called the
where a, b and c are called the steinhart–hart parameters and must be specified for each device. t is the absolute temperature, and r is the resistance. the equation is not dimensionally correct, since a change in the units of r results in an equation with a different form, containing a (ln r) 2 {\displaystyle (\ln r)^...
wikipedia
425f2fd077a529024f33df670a7942ad824e9bdf
in practical devices, the linear approximation model (above)
in practical devices, the linear approximation model (above) is accurate only over a limited temperature range. over wider temperature ranges, a more complex resistance–temperature transfer function provides a more faithful characterization of the performance. the steinhart–hart equation is a widely used third-order ap...
wikipedia
f1e6a5dbe28c6c62a9c4db561c1c1a5319c2d23d
ntc thermistors are manufactured from oxides of the
ntc thermistors are manufactured from oxides of the iron group of metals: e.g. chromium (cro, cr o), manganese (e.g. mno), cobalt (coo), iron (iron oxides), and nickel (nio, ni o). these oxides form a ceramic body with terminals composed of conductive metals such as silver, nickel, and tin.
wikipedia
1efe5e58dd6f0fe2dc84c40bc407d7664d4c8402
if k {\displaystyle k} is positive, the resistance
if k {\displaystyle k} is positive, the resistance increases with increasing temperature, and the device is called a positive-temperature-coefficient (ptc) thermistor, or posistor. there are two types of ptc resistor – switching thermistor and silistor. if k {\displaystyle k} is negative, the resistance decreases with ...
wikipedia
c9703f60473c493fea86979ca0e1ee7cbd7ab2ec
thermistors differ from resistance temperature detectors (rtds) in
thermistors differ from resistance temperature detectors (rtds) in that the material used in a thermistor is generally a ceramic or polymer, while rtds use pure metals. the temperature response is also different; rtds are useful over larger temperature ranges, while thermistors typically achieve a greater precision wit...
wikipedia
ccc7de2837fb8fea5515c08dbd76c42fdfff7a96
thermistors are generally produced using powdered metal oxides.
thermistors are generally produced using powdered metal oxides. with vastly improved formulas and techniques over the past 20 years, ntc thermistors can now achieve accuracies over wide temperature ranges such as ±0.1 °c or ±0.2 °c from 0 °c to 70 °c with excellent long-term stability. ntc thermistor elements come in m...
wikipedia
1f44533b57c718fa0156e831db88085bd2bdf351
ntc thermistors are widely used as inrush-current limiters
ntc thermistors are widely used as inrush-current limiters and temperature sensors, while ptc thermistors are used as self-resetting overcurrent protectors and self-regulating heating elements. an operational temperature range of a thermistor is dependent on the probe type and is typically between −100 and 300 °c (−148...
wikipedia
e0d5527f051a3564329560345dff9590abcc37eb
thermistors are categorized based on their conduction models.
thermistors are categorized based on their conduction models. negative-temperature-coefficient (ntc) thermistors have less resistance at higher temperatures, while positive-temperature-coefficient (ptc) thermistors have more resistance at higher temperatures.
wikipedia
97cf00eadcd6cef317c056ee73224e6a5ae9cc8a
romy eggimann is a swiss ice hockey forward
romy eggimann is a swiss ice hockey forward who plays with the ladies team lugano in the swiss women's hockey league a and internationally for the swiss women's national team. she has represented switzerland at the winter olympics in 2014 and won the bronze medal after defeating sweden in the bronze medal playoff.
wikipedia
678bbbed1f152a82e0b5c87fad253f25a723426c
romy eggimann (born 29 september 1995) is a
romy eggimann (born 29 september 1995) is a swiss ice hockey forward who plays with the ladies team lugano in the swiss women's hockey league a (swhl a) and internationally for the swiss women's national team. she has represented switzerland at the winter olympics in 2014 and won the bronze medal after defeating sweden...
wikipedia
0f8e0d850c6d58a533354a702ff23c8b2255ec03
the cause of the effect was first explained
the cause of the effect was first explained by jun kondo, who applied third-order perturbation theory to the problem to account for scattering of s-orbital conduction electrons off d-orbital electrons localized at impurities. kondo's calculation predicted that the scattering rate and the resulting part of the resistivi...
wikipedia
9846cf2b7b91a21874864ca82a4d39d70504d680
in 2017, teams from the vienna university of
in 2017, teams from the vienna university of technology and rice university conducted experiments into the development of new materials made from the metals cerium, bismuth and palladium in specific combinations and theoretical work experimenting with models of such structures, respectively. the results of the experime...
wikipedia
70c0e7611750dc8bf94d68c91b78d31c6714d45f
the kondo effect has been observed in quantum
the kondo effect has been observed in quantum dot systems. in such systems, a quantum dot with at least one unpaired electron behaves as a magnetic impurity, and when the dot is coupled to a metallic conduction band, the conduction electrons can scatter off the dot. this is completely analogous to the more traditional ...
wikipedia
c745c51ac6b680a3c43749b582fb0e92d5fc4339
extended to a lattice of magnetic ions, the
extended to a lattice of magnetic ions, the kondo effect likely explains the formation of heavy fermions and kondo insulators in intermetallic compounds, especially those involving rare earth elements such as cerium, praseodymium, and ytterbium, and actinide elements such as uranium. in heavy fermion materials, the non...
wikipedia
f54fe74341b815af56ebc9463a4240856a294496
the kondo effect can be considered as an
the kondo effect can be considered as an example of asymptotic freedom, i.e. a situation where the coupling becomes non-perturbatively strong at low temperatures and low energies. in the kondo problem, the coupling refers to the interaction between the localized magnetic impurities and the itinerant electrons.
wikipedia
d5e1c773f65e0bd71a502ade3aacf834500529c8
kondo's solution was derived using perturbation theory resulting
kondo's solution was derived using perturbation theory resulting in a divergence as the temperature approaches 0 k, but later methods used non-perturbative techniques to refine his result. these improvements produced a finite resistivity but retained the feature of a resistance minimum at a non-zero temperature. one de...
wikipedia