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261cb622b76f49b4bf00adc5eac8721a608bfa5c | experiments in the 1960s by myriam sarachik at | experiments in the 1960s by myriam sarachik at bell laboratories showed that phenomenon was caused by magnetic impurity in nominally pure metals. when kondo sent a preview of his paper to sarachik, sarachik confirmed the data fit the theory. | wikipedia |
912b09f30dfaea314350c438b85843682fae2837 | in 1930, walther meissner and b. voigt observed | in 1930, walther meissner and b. voigt observed that the resistivity of nominally pure gold reaches a minimum at 10 k, and similarly for nominally pure cu at 2 k. similar results were discovered in other metals. kondo described the three puzzling aspects that frustrated previous researchers who tried to explain the eff... | wikipedia |
86014f48e9af1bbd3d6c70b23cbf353bce651c56 | where ρ 0 {\displaystyle \rho _{0}} is the | where ρ 0 {\displaystyle \rho _{0}} is the residual resistivity, the term a t 2 {\displaystyle at^{2}} shows the contribution from the fermi liquid properties, and the term b t 5 {\displaystyle bt^{5}} is from the lattice vibrations: a {\displaystyle a}, b {\displaystyle b}, c m {\displaystyle c_{m}} and μ {\displaysty... | wikipedia |
f05d1cfa6508e3e76e08149bbdc8bd59c2f3b663 | in physics, the kondo effect describes the scattering | in physics, the kondo effect describes the scattering of conduction electrons in a metal due to magnetic impurities, resulting in a characteristic change i.e. a minimum in electrical resistivity with temperature. the cause of the effect was first explained by jun kondo, who applied third-order perturbation theory to th... | wikipedia |
137b2371c2a7faa37837e33beeabb04046dfb131 | transgranular fracture is a type of fracture that | transgranular fracture is a type of fracture that occurs through the crystal grains of a material. in contrast to intergranular fractures, which occur when a fracture follows the grain boundaries, this type of fracture traverses the material's microstructure directly through individual grains. this type of fracture typ... | wikipedia |
79f0434d01231c5f27e051e50221649b25ab19ff | the fracture behavior of materials can be significantly | the fracture behavior of materials can be significantly changed by the use of precipitation-based grain boundary design. for example, meindlhumer et. al. produced a thin film of alcrn containing a specific distribution of precipitates within the grain boundaries in precipitation-based grain boundary design. the precipi... | wikipedia |
548a66101be9a66a47f29a4ea238fa6758daf635 | in ductile metals, the plastic deformation of the | in ductile metals, the plastic deformation of the material can be a critical factor in the transgranular fracture process, while in brittle materials such as ceramics, the formation and growth of cracks can be influenced by factors such as grain size, porosity, and the presence of impurities or other defects. | wikipedia |
137b2371c2a7faa37837e33beeabb04046dfb131 | transgranular fracture is a type of fracture that | transgranular fracture is a type of fracture that occurs through the crystal grains of a material. in contrast to intergranular fractures, which occur when a fracture follows the grain boundaries, this type of fracture traverses the material's microstructure directly through individual grains. this type of fracture typ... | wikipedia |
f082cfa77d2f3bdb116f70d14c12f10f1734610d | the 2023–24 slovak first football league is the | the 2023–24 slovak first football league is the 31st season of first-tier football league in slovakia since its establishment in 1993. the winners qualified for the 2024–25 uefa champions league first qualifying round. the 2023–24 slovak cup winners (ružomberok) qualified for the 2024–25 uefa europa league first qualif... | wikipedia |
aca8d5be015606167f21479f30ef6b51c202762b | the league consisted of twelve teams; the top | the league consisted of twelve teams; the top eleven teams from the previous season, and one team promoted from the 2. liga. košice were promoted to the top flight (for the first time in their history) as champions of the 2022–23 2. liga, replacing the 2022–23 slovak first football league bottom-placed team tatran lipt... | wikipedia |
4dea7fa5fb163790314d75e8b2d768d90032cf0b | the winners (slovan bratislava) qualified for the 2024–25 | the winners (slovan bratislava) qualified for the 2024–25 uefa champions league first qualifying round. the 2023–24 slovak cup winners (ružomberok) qualified for the 2024–25 uefa europa league first qualifying round. the second and third-placed teams (dac 1904 dunajská streda and spartak trnava) qualified for the 2024–... | wikipedia |
1ce57e6b904e6c65302bc21d0c103ea2e0be98fb | margaret naumann keyes was an american academic and | margaret naumann keyes was an american academic and heritage preserver. she was a professor of home economics at the university of iowa. she is also a nationally recognized leader in the field of heritage conservation, best known for her work to preserve the iowa old capitol building. | wikipedia |
0606be1e0bae0aacd92dbf12bd6edb71d9de392f | marsden keyes (margaret's paternal grandfather) was born 15 | marsden keyes (margaret's paternal grandfather) was born 15 feb 1832 in northumberland, new york to william w. keyes and laura rice. he married margaret purves in nova scotia in 1856. after living in lone rock, wisconsin, the couple moved to mt. vernon, iowa, in 1860 and had three children. margaret purves keyes died i... | wikipedia |
1a954c70836746ba9249f23377c59955838dfbcf | margaret keyes had one older sister, catherine ann | margaret keyes had one older sister, catherine ann keyes, who was born 25 april 1905, attended cornell college, the oberlin conservatory of music and yale university. catherine ann keyes served on the faculty of oberlin college as a music historian and music librarian in the early 1940s. catherine married philip l. mil... | wikipedia |
dd71f735ce6a7714498585abefe84dd2f2b74911 | margaret's father, charles reuben keyes was born on | margaret's father, charles reuben keyes was born on 5 may 1871 in mt. vernon, iowa to marsden and martha whittington keyes. he attended cornell college and married sarah "sadie" naumann in 1902. charles keyes attended harvard university for his ph.d. in german, and taught german at cornell college until his retirement ... | wikipedia |
c4401c8189897203b6140060d4056db306b78e3f | keyes and her lifetime companion, floy eugenia whitehead, | keyes and her lifetime companion, floy eugenia whitehead, traveled to a variety of worldwide locations, including israel, jamaica, taiwan, and europe. for over thirty years, the two lived at a home near the university in iowa city that was renowned for its gracious hospitality. eugenia whitehead who served as the chair... | wikipedia |
70a72ba078e3f41aba2d8f517901f3981e040459 | upon returning to the university of iowa and | upon returning to the university of iowa and keyes taught a variety of courses including textile design, historic interiors, and research seminars. in the 1970s and 1980s, keyes led iowa 's drive to preserve and renovate its historic structures. she served as a board member for the state historical society of iowa, the... | wikipedia |
22653d5ddaff9101725e27550c895239343800b2 | margaret naumann keyes was born in mount vernon, | margaret naumann keyes was born in mount vernon, iowa on 4 march 1918 to charles r. keyes and sarah "sadie" naumann keyes. as a child, keyes had often accompanied her father on travels to germany and on his archaeological expeditions, leading to her interest in academics. she attended cornell college in mt. vernon, iow... | wikipedia |
b334bc7ed124f37cc7d332908da5b2e5be4465d5 | margaret naumann keyes (march 4, 1918 – october | margaret naumann keyes (march 4, 1918 – october 14, 2015) was an american academic and heritage preserver. she was a professor of home economics at the university of iowa. she is also a nationally recognized leader in the field of heritage conservation, best known for her work to preserve the iowa old capitol building. | wikipedia |
13a327e7ad5f802e3744545f4af1ea720b0d63bf | yvonne margaret balding was an irish virologist who | yvonne margaret balding was an irish virologist who co-discovered the epstein–barr virus (ebv), which, because it identified a virus as a cause of cancer in humans, has been called "one of the 20th century's most significant scientific discoveries." barr's role in the discovery of ebv, also called human herpesvirus 4, ... | wikipedia |
7b7df311ea3e2b7f36c80d3544f4572f000abd79 | barr graduated from the university of london in | barr graduated from the university of london in 1966 with a phd. when she married, moved to australia, and was unable to obtain a research position there, she became a teacher of physics, biology, chemistry, and mathematics in various private high schools. | wikipedia |
b4019894d1477fb41cd433ff2a655bcb1f83e05f | in 1964, working together, barr and epstein discovered | in 1964, working together, barr and epstein discovered ebv. (the virus was named for the cell culture in which it was identified.) prior to determining specifics about ebv, epstein, barr, and achong published their preliminary research in the lancet. university of pennsylvania researchers later confirmed the new virus ... | wikipedia |
9b1fab3eaee9130c710157f4b12ca18b5d00d8a9 | "barr was by then known for her superior | "barr was by then known for her superior laboratory skills," and her ability to grow cells under controlled conditions was "key to the research," according to gregory j. morgan, in cancer virus hunters; a history of tumor virology (2022), not least because epstein "was struggling with" cell propagation techniques. acco... | wikipedia |
8cee55346f5bdd9d3b508243f8369f65acf931cb | in 1963, barr was the first of two | in 1963, barr was the first of two research assistants employed by the english pathologist and virologist michael anthony epstein, who had received a research grant from the us national institutes of health (nih). they were based at the bland-sutton institute of pathology at middlesex hospital, london, and epstein beca... | wikipedia |
3c9ace0c71bce92ab09efa82becd80b83f55bec2 | barr began working as a research assistant in | barr began working as a research assistant in 1955, gaining laboratory skills. while at the london national institute for medical research she mastered cell propagation, specifically the technique called cell culturing. using this technique, she studied the bacterium determined to cause leprosy, also known as hansen's ... | wikipedia |
d952da7166601f07bee83f545ba967a088d603ae | barr was head prefect at banbridge academy secondary | barr was head prefect at banbridge academy secondary school and graduated in 1953 with honours in zoology from trinity college, dublin. following her graduation barr held several posts at veterinary and medical research laboratories in the uk and canada. | wikipedia |
d44a492d2b77ca7465c15a69afa3f2d8f63ef33e | yvonne margaret balding (née barr; 11 march 1932 | yvonne margaret balding (née barr; 11 march 1932 – 13 february 2016) was an irish virologist who co-discovered the epstein–barr virus (ebv), which, because it identified a virus as a cause of cancer in humans, has been called "one of the 20th century's most significant scientific discoveries." | wikipedia |
2cf17927493280d2dfd3426029254c0a387db685 | a small number of original sakae powerplants are | a small number of original sakae powerplants are on display in aviation museums, usually mounted into the airframes of restored mitsubishi a6m zeros. only one airworthy zero worldwide still flies with a restored sakae powerplant, the planes of fame museum 's a6m5 example, bearing tail number "61-120". | wikipedia |
bd6bc3e47c2b8ad2d979128b249ae1c31249d07e | the engine was designed by nakajima aircraft company | the engine was designed by nakajima aircraft company with code name nam, as a scaled-down and advanced version of the previous nal design (army type 97 850 hp radial engine, nakajima ha5). the imperial japanese army air force called the first of the series the ha25 (ハ25) and later versions were designated ha105 and ha1... | wikipedia |
82443e460511ebba6b418536cec2d665bbdedd2c | judith louise macmanus-driscoll is a professor of materials | judith louise macmanus-driscoll is a professor of materials science at the university of cambridge. driscoll is known for her interdisciplinary work on thin film engineering. she has a particular focus on functional oxide systems, demonstrating new ways to engineer thin films to meet the required applications performan... | wikipedia |
477c1e5ee704f43a29baa936d01ea8db1177f06f | from 1991 to 1995, she trained as a | from 1991 to 1995, she trained as a postdoctoral researcher at stanford university and ibm almaden research center where she worked under ted geballe, robby beyers and john bravman. in 1995, she joined imperial college london as a lecturer in the department of materials, and was promoted to reader in 1999. she then did... | wikipedia |
82443e460511ebba6b418536cec2d665bbdedd2c | judith louise macmanus-driscoll is a professor of materials | judith louise macmanus-driscoll is a professor of materials science at the university of cambridge. driscoll is known for her interdisciplinary work on thin film engineering. she has a particular focus on functional oxide systems, demonstrating new ways to engineer thin films to meet the required applications performan... | wikipedia |
6049bc655251e29c8ed8cefd8326a4d6d709b01b | building of the replacement commenced in january 1883 | building of the replacement commenced in january 1883 by mr h stevens of ashburton, who also built the replacement viaducts at redruth and guildford (west of angarrack). a tram-road of a few hundred yards was laid to a nearby quarry owned by mr gregor to provide infill for the granite viaduct. the foundations were expe... | wikipedia |
6f8ac1f686247fc8694a5d82a75244e306e9f528 | the original viaduct at angarrack was designed by | the original viaduct at angarrack was designed by isambard kingdom brunel for the west cornwall railway and was "... built wholly of timber on stone footings ". it was nearly 800 feet (240 m) long and 100 feet (30 m) high. the stone from the original brunel footings was re-used to construct the sea wall on the approach... | wikipedia |
2315672170609fd612b3ea3b7317506dd4b20535 | the eleven-arch granite-built viaduct carries the cornish main | the eleven-arch granite-built viaduct carries the cornish main line railway across the steep-sided valley of the angarrack river, a tributary of the river hayle, between the present day stations of camborne and hayle. the village extends up the valley and under the viaduct. | wikipedia |
c1122ea5bd08da81fc62c3d459ab519cadec9022 | cara is an image sharing platform and social | cara is an image sharing platform and social network for artists and creatives to share portfolios. it is available both as an app and as a website, and is run by founder zhang jingna and a group of volunteers. cara states that it is "creators-first" and was founded to protect human artists from rapidly-proliferating a... | wikipedia |
60405ba25908750ab97056038bec73ae4fc24019 | tom may at creative boom interviewed artists who | tom may at creative boom interviewed artists who felt cautious optimism but also exhaustion at the prospect of rebuilding their audiences on a small platform. some interviewees expressed concerns that cara may be too "artist-centric," and that one of its weak points is a lack of a non-artist audience to gain exposure t... | wikipedia |
2b27a6fc2ce8216d9216ad0690345b7dc1ad3765 | miles klee at rolling stone noted cara as | miles klee at rolling stone noted cara as an example of a broader public backlash against over-hyped low-quality generative ai products. the independent interviewed a tattoo artist who believed the growth of cara was also driven by "general dissatisfaction with existing platforms and their lack of engagement," an issue... | wikipedia |
f984f75894158a3239d724ba1585ce9d2b2cc41c | on december 1, 2023, cara introduced support for | on december 1, 2023, cara introduced support for glaze, a tool developed by sand lab at the university of chicago. artists could "glaze" their art during upload to disincentivize style mimicry by ai image generators. the images are subtly altered to data-poison any ai models trained on them, increasing the rate of outp... | wikipedia |
26ffd10c0c628744b45beedcf6d023e799aeea46 | cara uses third-party content moderation services from hive | cara uses third-party content moderation services from hive to prevent ai-generated art from being uploaded onto the site. its "about" page states that cara will not "host ai-generated portfolios unless the rampant ethical and data privacy issues around datasets are resolved via regulation." | wikipedia |
689ca6029c97d0c7e028f95535e59e4f83c7e433 | cara opened for public testing on january 2, | cara opened for public testing on january 2, 2023. after meta announced its decision to train its ai on all user-created content starting june 26, 2024, cara quickly rose in popularity, growing from around 40,000 users to 650,000 in a single week, as artists migrated to avoid having their art trained on without proper ... | wikipedia |
ca5b819c0cfc6b90e3225e38e710abbdd3bdbaa8 | cara was founded by zhang jingna for artists | cara was founded by zhang jingna for artists against ai- scraping. zhang has also stated that she has purposely avoided venture funding for cara, as she does not want outside influence from investors to interfere with the interests of the platform and the artists on it. zhang is among a group of many creators, includin... | wikipedia |
c1122ea5bd08da81fc62c3d459ab519cadec9022 | cara is an image sharing platform and social | cara is an image sharing platform and social network for artists and creatives to share portfolios. it is available both as an app and as a website, and is run by founder zhang jingna and a group of volunteers. cara states that it is "creators-first" and was founded to protect human artists from rapidly-proliferating a... | wikipedia |
e74e24e577518a82f24f730c64bfbeafc9c65488 | this article lists figures in kabbalah according to | this article lists figures in kabbalah according to historical chronology and schools of thought. in popular reference, kabbalah has been used to refer to the whole history of jewish mysticism, but more accurately, and as used in academic jewish studies, kabbalah refers to the doctrines, practices and esoteric exegetic... | wikipedia |
2993d0104128324ec81540fb5ec082cc8df0ddaf | kabbalistic notions pervade hasidic thought, but it developed | kabbalistic notions pervade hasidic thought, but it developed a new approach to kabbalah, replacing esoteric theosophical focus with successive psychological internalisation. therefore, only a minimal listing of hasidic figures is given here; founding formative figures or commentators on esoteric kabbalah texts/traditi... | wikipedia |
30ef77faaf1f82dbd8543587cb825435a85b90f3 | talmudic tannaic sages: maaseh merkabah (mystical chariot)- maaseh | talmudic tannaic sages: maaseh merkabah (mystical chariot)- maaseh bereishit (mystical creation) (1st-2nd centuries). yordei merkabah (chariot riders)- heikhalot (palaces) mysticism (1st-11th centuries). early-formative texts are variously traditional /attributed/anonymous/ pseudepigraphical: | wikipedia |
21335969ae8713023dd1b4200c87d154e006d19c | this is a partial list of jewish kabbalists; | this is a partial list of jewish kabbalists; secondary literature incorporating kabbalah is enormous, particularly in the voluminous library of hasidic judaism that turned esoteric kabbalah into a popular revivalist movement. hasidism both adapted kabbalah to its own internalised psychological concern, and also continu... | wikipedia |
d96fe3e16a2daa1d6f7b2203b9ecd72d11fa6882 | this article lists figures in kabbalah according to | this article lists figures in kabbalah according to historical chronology and schools of thought. in popular reference, kabbalah has been used to refer to the whole history of jewish mysticism, but more accurately, and as used in academic jewish studies, kabbalah refers to the doctrines, practices and esoteric exegetic... | wikipedia |
7457169830783d79e606fc5a2e8f7e533ff17fdb | fred lacour was an american professional basketball player. | fred lacour was an american professional basketball player. lacour was selected in the 1960 nba draft by the st. louis hawks after a collegiate career at the university of san francisco. in his nba career, lacour averaged 6.5 points, 3.3 rebounds, and 1.9 assists per game while playing for the hawks and then the san fr... | wikipedia |
d0b108d26506ffa9d18eeb7aea173be8bc910bb2 | lacour played on the varsity team at st. | lacour played on the varsity team at st. ignatius college preparatory in san francisco, california where he graduated from in 1956. he stood at 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) and his array of ball-handling and shooting abilities enabled him to play at any position. lacour led his team to a combined 81–12 record in his three season... | wikipedia |
f4ca9fc98b4b4da037c2d021c419512805416777 | fred lacour (february 7, 1938 – august 5, | fred lacour (february 7, 1938 – august 5, 1972) was an american professional basketball player. lacour was selected in the 1960 nba draft by the st. louis hawks after a collegiate career at the university of san francisco. in his nba career, lacour averaged 6.5 points, 3.3 rebounds, and 1.9 assists per game while playi... | wikipedia |
6f8fae2beb9e75f615eaf16710f364ed5d9785d4 | the emission spectrum of a chemical element or | the emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. the photon energy of the emitted photons is equal to the energy difference between the two states. t... | wikipedia |
8a8958b9fb9ce25f7388be8d7503018990803211 | emission coefficient is a coefficient in the power | emission coefficient is a coefficient in the power output per unit time of an electromagnetic source, a calculated value in physics. the emission coefficient of a gas varies with the wavelength of the light. it has unit m⋅s ⋅sr. it is also used as a measure of environmental emissions (by mass) per mw⋅h of electricity g... | wikipedia |
53fd9630aa3cd559974b8338e8dba27f53ace74a | on a simple level, flame emission spectroscopy can | on a simple level, flame emission spectroscopy can be observed using just a flame and samples of metal salts. this method of qualitative analysis is called a flame test. for example, sodium salts placed in the flame will glow yellow from sodium ions, while strontium (used in road flares) ions color it red. copper wire ... | wikipedia |
c9fd575a5bfea55d8e823fd043ff7a810c67e265 | the solution containing the relevant substance to be | the solution containing the relevant substance to be analysed is drawn into the burner and dispersed into the flame as a fine spray. the solvent evaporates first, leaving finely divided solid particles which move to the hottest region of the flame where gaseous atoms and ions are produced through the dissociation of mo... | wikipedia |
38c0fb2d0a19938ff4382dfe127b67ed4d11a187 | by 1859, gustav kirchhoff and robert bunsen noticed | by 1859, gustav kirchhoff and robert bunsen noticed that several fraunhofer lines (lines in the solar spectrum) coincide with characteristic emission lines identified in the spectra of heated elements. it was correctly deduced that dark lines in the solar spectrum are caused by absorption by chemical elements in the so... | wikipedia |
b9fc29872fab60b622eaad64ac557619ced35c2e | in 1835, charles wheatstone reported that different metals | in 1835, charles wheatstone reported that different metals could be distinguished by bright lines in the emission spectra of their sparks, thereby introducing an alternative to flame spectroscopy. in 1849, j. b. l. foucault experimentally demonstrated that absorption and emission lines at the same wavelength are both d... | wikipedia |
ef563f8c29a019f1e76c215e86424f6272f3c0eb | in 1756 thomas melvill observed the emission of | in 1756 thomas melvill observed the emission of distinct patterns of colour when salts were added to alcohol flames. by 1785 james gregory discovered the principles of diffraction grating and american astronomer david rittenhouse made the first engineered diffraction grating. in 1821 joseph von fraunhofer solidified th... | wikipedia |
5c125b41f02362f159ecc42d0e678f27aff8e1b0 | although the emission lines are caused by a | although the emission lines are caused by a transition between quantized energy states and may at first look very sharp, they do have a finite width, i.e. they are composed of more than one wavelength of light. this spectral line broadening has many different causes. | wikipedia |
31158f489f2037da90a787290f0ffddb1d0692c9 | there are many ways in which atoms can | there are many ways in which atoms can be brought to an excited state. interaction with electromagnetic radiation is used in fluorescence spectroscopy, protons or other heavier particles in particle-induced x-ray emission and electrons or x-ray photons in energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy or x-ray fluorescence. the ... | wikipedia |
89b7d45954f35d0bb1e02d2861bbe7a31cd36b98 | emission spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique which examines | emission spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique which examines the wavelengths of photons emitted by atoms or molecules during their transition from an excited state to a lower energy state. each element emits a characteristic set of discrete wavelengths according to its electronic structure, and by observing these ... | wikipedia |
c511eec4b86954aac2da63de44d5c26a9996d152 | the emission spectrum can be used to determine | the emission spectrum can be used to determine the composition of a material, since it is different for each element of the periodic table. one example is astronomical spectroscopy: identifying the composition of stars by analysing the received light.the emission spectrum characteristics of some elements are plainly vi... | wikipedia |
5c1e7d795ed15af500cad2629479301d7b06fbca | light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. | light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. therefore, when the elements or their compounds are heated either on a flame or by an electric arc they emit energy in the form of light. analysis of this light, with the help of a spectroscope gives us a discontinuous spectrum. a spectroscope or a s... | wikipedia |
cca8abd2844a1c9eb7ce0804049d95640d0af6ae | as well as the electronic transitions discussed above, | as well as the electronic transitions discussed above, the energy of a molecule can also change via rotational, vibrational, and vibronic (combined vibrational and electronic) transitions. these energy transitions often lead to closely spaced groups of many different spectral lines, known as spectral bands. unresolved ... | wikipedia |
e493daa8b5431fb0d5acc8c277f7c367415c612e | the above picture shows the visible light emission | the above picture shows the visible light emission spectrum for hydrogen. if only a single atom of hydrogen were present, then only a single wavelength would be observed at a given instant. several of the possible emissions are observed because the sample contains many hydrogen atoms that are in different initial energ... | wikipedia |
fd179bc63b74b4f26120d920d1c7f71e9269d896 | the fact that only certain colors appear in | the fact that only certain colors appear in an element's atomic emission spectrum means that only certain frequencies of light are emitted. each of these frequencies are related to energy by the formula: e photon = h ν, {\displaystyle e_{\text{photon}}=h\nu,} where e photon {\displaystyle e_{\text{photon}}} is the ener... | wikipedia |
d38668b8cd39d4c1c26ff5cc1a4ce5cf5cc80c0b | when the electrons in the atom are excited, | when the electrons in the atom are excited, for example by being heated, the additional energy pushes the electrons to higher energy orbitals. when the electrons fall back down and leave the excited state, energy is re-emitted in the form of a photon. the wavelength (or equivalently, frequency) of the photon is determi... | wikipedia |
a61d714f35d78917d6c3f117d44d34ccf496cd16 | emission of radiation is typically described using semi-classical | emission of radiation is typically described using semi-classical quantum mechanics: the particle's energy levels and spacings are determined from quantum mechanics, and light is treated as an oscillating electric field that can drive a transition if it is in resonance with the system's natural frequency. the quantum m... | wikipedia |
30f6891946b71108ee0808e9db59980bb1e41db7 | the emittance of an object quantifies how much | the emittance of an object quantifies how much light is emitted by it. this may be related to other properties of the object through the stefan–boltzmann law.for most substances, the amount of emission varies with the temperature and the spectroscopic composition of the object, leading to the appearance of color temper... | wikipedia |
43cb0747877939e9e30f58179672637916bdc882 | since energy must be conserved, the energy difference | since energy must be conserved, the energy difference between the two states equals the energy carried off by the photon. the energy states of the transitions can lead to emissions over a very large range of frequencies. for example, visible light is emitted by the coupling of electronic states in atoms and molecules (... | wikipedia |
ddbf8d8f91fa2779d6fc78ad3460d97e3276c75f | in physics, emission is the process by which | in physics, emission is the process by which a higher energy quantum mechanical state of a particle becomes converted to a lower one through the emission of a photon, resulting in the production of light. the frequency of light emitted is a function of the energy of the transition. | wikipedia |
6f8fae2beb9e75f615eaf16710f364ed5d9785d4 | the emission spectrum of a chemical element or | the emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. the photon energy of the emitted photons is equal to the energy difference between the two states. t... | wikipedia |
6e6447e9f7608e683d1ea23a0b445ffd64243a32 | the 1999–2000 season was real madrid c.f.'s 69th | the 1999–2000 season was real madrid c.f.'s 69th season in la liga. this article lists all matches that the club played in the 1999–2000 season, and also shows statistics of the club's players. | wikipedia |
ca70f5bbf1721f91a9c8875b22a4e7fdaf7b4ed9 | this season marked the start of the del | this season marked the start of the del bosque era of trophy winning at the club, having taken over from toshack early in the campaign. the squad was also largely different from the previous squad, with the arrival of steve mcmanaman (liverpool) and nicolas anelka (arsenal) from the english premier league respectively,... | wikipedia |
e216ee898b5cf3ad03d8eab1fcc6cbb24bce71b8 | john toshack was sacked by real madrid in | john toshack was sacked by real madrid in november 1999 as a consequence of league's bad form following a 3–2 defeat against rayo vallecano that left them in eighth position and re-hired vicente del bosque who previously managed the club in 1994 and 1996 as a caretaker only. | wikipedia |
cb3229d44c093c972b36775b52bbe0c6e00e6148 | the 1999–2000 season was real madrid c.f. 's | the 1999–2000 season was real madrid c.f. 's 69th season in la liga. this article lists all matches that the club played in the 1999–2000 season, and also shows statistics of the club's players. | wikipedia |
cc9df71f78f80efae88c9ae575241c79f5da405a | the rheinmetall mg60 is a general-purpose machine gun | the rheinmetall mg60 is a general-purpose machine gun of west german origin. the weapon is a post-world war ii derivative of the mg 45 experimental general-purpose machine gun. the former owner of the metall und lackierwarenfabrik johannes großfuß ag and boss of mg 42 and mg 45 chief designer werner gruner had fled to ... | wikipedia |
81ab114082dcda55b1ff86c77edcfb57b910145d | the former owner of the metall und lackierwarenfabrik | the former owner of the metall und lackierwarenfabrik johannes großfuß ag (metal and lacquer ware factory johannes großfuß corporation) and boss of mg 42 and mg 45 chief designer werner gruner had fled to the west after world war ii also held all the essential mg 42 patents and became a consultant for rheinmetall in we... | wikipedia |
6a7fa0f6e0c7ca7af312912e483900ab63e09487 | in the case of an infinite number of | in the case of an infinite number of programs, all potentially infinitely long, neither the breadth-first nor depth-first would be sufficient to ensure progress on all programs. instead, the following technique can be used: perform the first step of the first program; next, perform the second step of the first program ... | wikipedia |
dc2dc226270b4b551168005a8dfcb9f50e572f5d | another example is simulating a non-deterministic turing machine | another example is simulating a non-deterministic turing machine m by a deterministic one (e.g. by a universal turing machine). in such case, we need to use dovetailing in case one of the computation branches of m contains an infinite loop. | wikipedia |
5a2b0a3ad7970aaac89ff64fc580084700367413 | we can regard this tree as analogous to | we can regard this tree as analogous to a collection of programs; in this case, the depth-first approach corresponds to running one program at a time, moving to the next only when the current program has finished running. in the case where one of the programs runs for an infinite amount of time, this transition will ne... | wikipedia |
cc5cc27553b32bd42b6de6f9c03971b505a71f9c | consider a tree that potentially contains a path | consider a tree that potentially contains a path of infinite length (but each node has only finitely many children): if a depth-first search is performed in this environment, the search may move down an infinite path and never return, potentially leaving part of the tree unexplored. however, if a breadth-first search i... | wikipedia |
e316f3183894ac66c0858bef365f06a3dc1c5409 | ali asghar modirrousta is a retired iranian football | ali asghar modirrousta is a retired iranian football striker and now coach. modir roosta is a former member of iran national football team. he was also a futsal player and appeared for iran national futsal team at the fifa futsal world cup 1992. | wikipedia |
ffe7e2c87a2f073d961d5de8d2bdd6daabe4aaf4 | he was appointed as the coach of paykan | he was appointed as the coach of paykan in 2008 where he stayed for about a year but was sacked in the last few weeks of the 2008–09 season. he was appointed as the coach of pas in october 2009 and was sacked by club in june 2011. he was appointed as head coach of shahrdari tabriz on 24 december 2011 and took the reins... | wikipedia |
83a19b41376653ff10e385b2c45f1e04edba6432 | he played for a few clubs in iran, | he played for a few clubs in iran, most notably pas tehran, and later in his career paykan f.c. in season 1996/97, he became the top goalscorer in iran's top division football league by scoring 18 goals for bahman fc, helping the club to finish second in the overall standings, just behind the season's champion persepol... | wikipedia |
b018c55d08ae743180145ad65a8f85287166b1dc | angel sandy martínez martínez is a dominican former | angel sandy martínez martínez is a dominican former professional baseball player, and current manager for the dsl nationals. he played as a catcher in major league baseball for the toronto blue jays (1995-1997), chicago cubs (1998-1999), florida marlins (2000), montreal expos (2001), cleveland indians (2004), and bosto... | wikipedia |
677248db664b6fe375c838a9eebbb5d5045977a5 | in an eight-year major league career, martínez played | in an eight-year major league career, martínez played in 218 games, accumulating 130 hits in 564 at bats for a.230 career batting average along with 6 home runs, 51 runs batted in and a.284 on-base percentage. he ended his career with a.988 fielding percentage. | wikipedia |
a1c6027c21dfc23aca1b1a304e24d894a8af60da | on january 15, 2005, he signed with the | on january 15, 2005, he signed with the detroit tigers, playing 81 games for their triple-a affiliate, the toledo mud hens. on december 14, 2005, martínez signed a minor league contract with the new york mets, playing 85 games for their triple-a affiliate, the norfolk tides, and becoming a free agent at the end of the ... | wikipedia |
a10d8d22eddbc34070c3acc2a3e0c085567b5751 | on april 8, 2003, he signed with the | on april 8, 2003, he signed with the kansas city royals and played for their triple-a affiliate, the omaha royals. after being released on june 8, 2003, martínez signed with the pittsburgh pirates on january 20, 2004, but before playing a game for the pirates, martínez was traded to the indians. he spent most of the se... | wikipedia |
fde4e540560f109f00d812de1a156ad54218516e | martínez became a free agent after the 1999 | martínez became a free agent after the 1999 season and signed with the florida marlins on december 6, 1999. a free agent at the end of the 2000 season, martínez signed with the montreal expos on november 17, 2000. martínez played one game for the expos in 2001 and played for their triple-a affiliate, the ottawa lynx, i... | wikipedia |
de384a2eaf759d38aae27646ae9029423f6cc6d7 | martínez was signed by the toronto blue jays | martínez was signed by the toronto blue jays as an amateur free agent in 1990 and made his major league baseball debut at the age of 24 on june 24, 1995. he was traded to the chicago cubs on december 11, 1997, for minor leaguer trevor schaffer. martínez was the battery-mate for cubs pitcher kerry wood on may 6, 1998, w... | wikipedia |
19ff9e6e2344f538b8276d74e2425a02b3a04169 | angel sandy martínez martínez (born october 8, 1970) | angel sandy martínez martínez (born october 8, 1970) is a dominican former professional baseball player, and current manager for the dsl nationals. he played as a catcher in major league baseball for the toronto blue jays (1995 - 1997), chicago cubs (1998 - 1999), florida marlins (2000), montreal expos (2001), clevelan... | wikipedia |
d3bc6c1268d549e98fefc2a5c369bff74e5f13e9 | the bridge varies in width from 35 to | the bridge varies in width from 35 to 62.5 metres (115 to 205 ft) and carries up to ten tracks. it leads immediately into glasgow central station on the north bank of the river. at the time of its opening, it was believed to be the widest railway bridge in existence. | wikipedia |
d72ccffc5e37f9a67aae9d2282b085f5fbd01fce | the foundations for the bridge are rectangular sunk | the foundations for the bridge are rectangular sunk caissons, sunk by the compressed air chamber method used on the forth bridge to a depth of up to 48 feet (15 m) below the river bed. the central span is 194 feet (59 m) long with linville truss girders 15 feet 9 inches (4.80 m) deep. the parapet girders are around 10 ... | wikipedia |
01f9235ca3768aa8148231e4085e621769ce5614 | the current, second bridge was built in 1899–1905 | the current, second bridge was built in 1899–1905 during the expansion of central station, to a design by d. a. matheson, chief engineer of the caledonian railway. arrol and co. was the contractor for this bridge as well. | wikipedia |
ae3bf741a5effd4a10c35c1e35b5da479058d18c | the approach span over clyde place to the | the approach span over clyde place to the south was 60 feet (18 m) long and over broomielaw to the north of the river was 90 feet (27 m) long. the navigation spans were 164 feet (50 m), 184 feet (56 m) and 152 feet (46 m) long. the bridge carried four tracks into the new glasgow central station. | wikipedia |
b33fdaf68732247f85a38c9f95b816f05541f3ba | the first bridge was built between 1876 and | the first bridge was built between 1876 and 1878 for the caledonian railway company and opened on 1 august 1879. it was engineered by blyth and cunningham and built by sir william arrol & co. it consisted of wrought iron lattice girders linked at the top by a light arched lattice girder, and carried on a cast iron arch... | wikipedia |
4a8688197814a9423ba8f59ba17289200cad49ae | evgeny alexandrovich ryasensky, or yevgeni ryasenski, is a | evgeny alexandrovich ryasensky, or yevgeni ryasenski, is a russian professional ice hockey defenseman. he is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played with neftekhimik nizhnekamsk of the kontinental hockey league (khl). | wikipedia |
48bf0155ad5190e0d1d28c15c5e46a853fce5992 | in the 2014–15 season, ryasensky was traded by | in the 2014–15 season, ryasensky was traded by ska saint petersburg along with alexei grishin and mikhail tikhonov in a return to neftekhimik nizhnekamsk in exchange for nikolai belov and a first-round pick on november 24, 2014. on november 24, 2015 on the initiative of the player, the club terminated the contract. | wikipedia |
8338085038edea2445172ba44e787900c749bbd0 | ryasensky made his senior debut in the russian | ryasensky made his senior debut in the russian superleague with ak bars kazan before transferring to neftekhimik nizhnekamsk for the inaugural season of the khl in 2008-09 season. over the next six seasons ryasensky spent time also with hc cska moscow and ska saint petersburg. | wikipedia |
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