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daaf5a56554bf831ba5af5b6233b402a496b8b41
lindesmith was born in clinton falls township, steele
lindesmith was born in clinton falls township, steele county, minnesota, and gained an early fluency in german from his german-born mother. he attended public school in nearby owatonna, minnesota, where he graduated from high school in 1923. he graduated from carleton college in 1927 and received an m.a. in education f...
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b7aea7a503339d8d33634d8bdc08660b65dc3c04
lindesmith wrote his earlier books from close personal
lindesmith wrote his earlier books from close personal interviews with a very limited number of addicts, about 50, almost all of them victims of therapeutic use of drugs when they were in health care for other reasons. bejerot agreed with lindesmith that these therapeutic addicts could be treated as personal health pro...
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8f17b49db33af261b9f2b24a953f5b0bd8c8d025
professor nils bejerot argued that lindesmith made wrong
professor nils bejerot argued that lindesmith made wrong conclusions about what caused the low abuse of opium in the late 1940s in england. lindesmith had noticed that england in the 1940s had very liberal narcotics laws (see the rolleston committee report of 1924) and low drug abuse and drew the conclusion that the li...
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eadd3decb6b4d713e9554cf6948d3163ee273076
in his book the addict and the law,
in his book the addict and the law, lindesmith presents a detailed account of u.s. laws, regulations, police practices and court procedures, often in painful detail. he was describing what we now know as the beginning of the "war on drugs", although that term was not coined until 1971. it was published just 3 years aft...
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87aeb3a9337ddb6a5cc4c999bfa4649bc4b02358
the fact that lindesmith's work threatened the emerging
the fact that lindesmith's work threatened the emerging demonization of heroin, etc., is clear from how the federal bureau of narcotics (fbn)—predecessor of the dea —worked to discredit him. this is outlined in a paper by galliher, keys, and elsner, "lindesmith v. anslinger: an early government victory in the failed wa...
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9fc4230bdc6c8f315f22eff1053fc5077f42807b
while lindesmith's theory retains its canonical importance, it
while lindesmith's theory retains its canonical importance, it has been subject to several serious critiques. lindesmith's theory of opiate addiction cannot explain relapse after physiological withdrawal symptoms have ceased and, more fundamentally, it relies on an outdated division of human perception into: (1) brute ...
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53f77e3553453290d6755c571b74b697634bf7d0
as his career ended, lindesmith held on to
as his career ended, lindesmith held on to his belief that opiate addiction is not the simple product of one's exposure to opiates. rather it is the result of a dramatic shift in a person's mental and motivational state. once the individual concludes that he or she is hooked, it rarely occurs to them that they are enga...
wikipedia
c6204c23533417fc20e5285ed893e5eab78da5e4
in robert scharse's study of mexican-american users, for
in robert scharse's study of mexican-american users, for example, some interpreted withdrawal as a sign of emerging drug dependence, and subsequently reduced or quit their drug use. for others, the withdrawal experience caused an obsession over the prospect of withdrawal, encouraging them to repeatedly use in order to ...
wikipedia
98db0801708557928799b02718611ad2ea34a8f8
here is the second part of the equation:
here is the second part of the equation: if and when an opiate user identifies opiate withdrawal as such, he or she must initiate a ritual activity that is a physiological, cognitive, and behavioral mixture. as richard degrandpre writes in the cult of pharmacology, "the opiate user must first experience withdrawal (a p...
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d43be3fd4028d4b7e6c611028de880b27db2b331
this learning process has two parts. first, opiate
this learning process has two parts. first, opiate users must connect their drug withdrawal to their use of the drug, which is something that individuals exposed to opiates in hospital settings are more likely to do. when withdrawal is interpreted as a form of addiction, the perceived (and felt) need for more drugs gro...
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37724a54e58885262f00dc1b1d71f8cbf2890b73
what lindesmith developed was an account of opiate
what lindesmith developed was an account of opiate addiction that (1) distinguished between the physical reactions of narcotic withdrawal and its psychological (phenomenological) experience, and (2) described the relationship between these two phenomena and addiction. addressing the question of why regular users of opi...
wikipedia
f6746329d7f79868cf6e4e7f2accf10420b20627
lindesmith's work on drugs began with his questioning
lindesmith's work on drugs began with his questioning of the nature of addiction in a 1938 essay entitled "a sociological theory of drug addiction ". this paper appeared in the american journal of sociology and involved in-depth interviews with 50 so-called addicts.
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2b6049694eee9b6552d84c19451e4db284a41ca7
lindesmith's interest in drugs began at the university
lindesmith's interest in drugs began at the university of chicago, where he was trained in social psychology by herbert blumer and edwin sutherland, earning his doctorate in 1937. his education there was a mixture of the methodological and theoretical, a balance that would later appear in his drug studies. the work at ...
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fedac197d40e237acdefa99fcfe452bceb947355
alfred ray lindesmith (august 3, 1905 – february
alfred ray lindesmith (august 3, 1905 – february 14, 1991) was an indiana university professor of sociology. he was among the early scholars providing a rigorous and thoughtful account of the nature of addiction. he was a critic of legal prohibitions against addictive drugs, arguing that such prohibitions had adverse s...
wikipedia
8252c320fa6eb323b1778723577f01fc14d51aec
shavonte zellous is an american-croatian professional basketball player
shavonte zellous is an american-croatian professional basketball player who is currently a free agent. she was a standout basketball player at the university of pittsburgh. zellous was drafted 11th in the first round of the 2009 wnba draft by the shock.
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dd1ad911858d43b3422a92611d5cee01cd14d7d4
while in college, zellous was a standout guard
while in college, zellous was a standout guard for the university of pittsburgh women's basketball team from 2005 to 2009. while there, she helped lead her team to a wnit "final four" in 2006 and three straight ncaa tournament appearances from 2007 to 2009, during which her team advanced to the "sweet sixteen" in 2008 ...
wikipedia
e5b53766dd7054b90588b2dbdb548413d13342ab
on february 1, 2016, zellous signed with the
on february 1, 2016, zellous signed with the new york liberty. her wnba averages include 39.5% in field goals, 80.3% in free throws, and 9.2 ppg.
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bdf559429ad6b29ecfa2759b7bdf8119a8f81611
in 2013, zellous almost doubled her scoring average,
in 2013, zellous almost doubled her scoring average, from 7.5 ppg in 2012 to 14.7 ppg in 2013. this improvement, coupled with increases in rebounding and shooting percentage helped her to win the wnba most-improved player award in 2013.
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b7b8c7fb9cfeec632de9eb9fb2060a147c6aaf88
as a rookie in 2009, zellous ranked second
as a rookie in 2009, zellous ranked second among rookies in points (11.9), was second overall in the league in free throws made (155) and averaged 1.8 assists per game. zellous scored in double digits in 21 of the 34 games played during her first season and earned honors by making the wnba all-rookie team, the lowest d...
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23bf96c812f871cac375f298620fdd8aee459cbc
shavonte zellous (born august 28, 1986) is an
shavonte zellous (born august 28, 1986) is an american-croatian professional basketball player who is currently a free agent. she was a standout basketball player at the university of pittsburgh. zellous was drafted 11th in the first round of the 2009 wnba draft by the shock.
wikipedia
75c788a0d7fd54fa8bacf9e61e70e43678ead588
evan rodrigues is a canadian professional ice hockey
evan rodrigues is a canadian professional ice hockey player for the florida panthers of the national hockey league (nhl). he previously played for the buffalo sabres, pittsburgh penguins and colorado avalanche. rodrigues won the stanley cup with the florida panthers in 2024.
wikipedia
7f05a7fdd6b67f0cc52ff45f867b8ecd095e8d22
evan married his wife, christina, in july 2017.
evan married his wife, christina, in july 2017. he met her while attending boston university. they had their first child, a boy, in october 2018. their second son was born in june 2020. in august 2023, their daughter was born.
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1669f86939e2d21c32942bc5b71ee805033c3d4a
on august 25, 2020, rodrigues was traded by
on august 25, 2020, rodrigues was traded by the penguins to the toronto maple leafs along with david warsofsky, filip hållander and the 15th overall pick in the 2020 nhl entry draft in exchange for kasperi kapanen, jesper lindgren and pontus Åberg. however, on october 9, 2020, unable to come to terms with maple leafs a...
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bfd1edc18de0a72453177ed2f70731a021492c83
on july 25, 2019, the sabres re-signed rodrigues
on july 25, 2019, the sabres re-signed rodrigues to a one-year, $2 million contract extension. in the following 2019–20 season, rodrigues struggled to replicate his previous offensive totals with the sabres, posting just 5 goals and 9 points through 38 games. at the trade deadline, rodrigues was dealt by the sabres, al...
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a708780793d2d27994b0ec6295fcf154c4322da6
on april 22, 2015, rodrigues agreed to a
on april 22, 2015, rodrigues agreed to a two-way, entry-level contract with the buffalo sabres. he played most of the season with the rochester americans of the american hockey league before receiving his first nhl call-up and playing his first game on april 8, 2016. he scored his first nhl goal and first nhl assist th...
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447b8596deb043d4707a1f5d37487e2bef1115ee
rodrigues attended boston university, where he played four
rodrigues attended boston university, where he played four seasons (2011–2015) with the boston university terriers men's ice hockey team, which competes in the ncaa men's division i hockey east conference. a two time hockey east second-team all-star, rodrigues tallied 121 points (42 goals, 79 assists) in 146 contests t...
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382f8e597ab7a7738aeacaaf4996ee961b5030fb
rodrigues played two seasons for the georgetown raiders
rodrigues played two seasons for the georgetown raiders of the ontario junior hockey league (ojhl). he scored 105 points (41 goals, 64 assists) in 94 contests during the two seasons, and led his team to the playoffs in both seasons to advance to the 2010–2011 league semifinals. rodrigues was named to the team canada ea...
wikipedia
2fe43378865ac0a92b5010721ff2c0784e6ea3b2
evan rodrigues (born july 28, 1993) is a
evan rodrigues (born july 28, 1993) is a canadian professional ice hockey player for the florida panthers of the national hockey league (nhl). he previously played for the buffalo sabres, pittsburgh penguins and colorado avalanche. rodrigues won the stanley cup with the florida panthers in 2024.
wikipedia
18b9f215214682c21149c30883c1c630617d061d
astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using
astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. a stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars...
wikipedia
dcb800055cc51ac52a4f71a40fe802ce463a4ead
the spectra of comets consist of a reflected
the spectra of comets consist of a reflected solar spectrum from the dusty clouds surrounding the comet, as well as emission lines from gaseous atoms and molecules excited to fluorescence by sunlight and/or chemical reactions. for example, the chemical composition of comet ison was determined by spectroscopy due to the...
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9f59bb2ed2e0c0f979913777ec56f861f71a928a
asteroids can be classified into three major types
asteroids can be classified into three major types according to their spectra. the original categories were created by clark r. chapman, david morrison, and ben zellner in 1975, and further expanded by david j. tholen in 1984. in what is now known as the tholen classification, the c-types are made of carbonaceous mater...
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e761ae3529fd60bbaa64893631b4d120b6a535b0
the reflected light of a planet contains absorption
the reflected light of a planet contains absorption bands due to minerals in the rocks present for rocky bodies, or due to the elements and molecules present in the atmosphere. to date over 3,500 exoplanets have been discovered. these include so-called hot jupiters, as well as earth-like planets. using spectroscopy, co...
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5b82dda37c51d672225303438aa1d216992cdf75
planets, asteroids, and comets all reflect light from
planets, asteroids, and comets all reflect light from their parent stars and emit their own light. for cooler objects, including solar system planets and asteroids, most of the emission is at infrared wavelengths we cannot see, but that are routinely measured with spectrometers. for objects surrounded by gas, such as c...
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fc317b03353c4dbdea43eb35b0b8e5b225214481
spectroscopic binaries can be also detected due to
spectroscopic binaries can be also detected due to their radial velocity; as they orbit around each other one star may be moving towards the earth whilst the other moves away, causing a doppler shift in the composite spectrum. the orbital plane of the system determines the magnitude of the observed shift: if the observ...
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9e7ae4a5175a4779b07a1dc73285c9a819912306
just as planets can be gravitationally bound to
just as planets can be gravitationally bound to stars, pairs of stars can orbit each other. some binary stars are visual binaries, meaning they can be observed orbiting each other through a telescope. some binary stars, however, are too close together to be resolved. these two stars, when viewed through a spectrometer,...
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51f4de575818c7cbf513fec78e3e39f1c84913ee
this motion can cause confusion when looking at
this motion can cause confusion when looking at a solar or galactic spectrum, because the expected redshift based on the simple hubble law will be obscured by the peculiar motion. for example, the shape and size of the virgo cluster has been a matter of great scientific scrutiny due to the very large peculiar velocitie...
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958d33d44ff970f8eb9d3ffcfc758a6933639566
objects that are gravitationally bound will rotate around
objects that are gravitationally bound will rotate around a common center of mass. for stellar bodies, this motion is known as peculiar velocity and can alter the hubble flow. thus, an extra term for the peculiar motion needs to be added to hubble's law:
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7e8536c8eb89616fd68b810ae2a28c6f95e4cebe
the doppler effect and hubble's law can be
the doppler effect and hubble's law can be combined to form the equation z = v hubble c {\displaystyle z={\frac {v_{\text{hubble}}}{c}}},where c is the speed of light.
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a9f1ac8fa30e401e93b752f96b720ac9d929d7f1
in these equations, frequency is denoted by f
in these equations, frequency is denoted by f {\displaystyle f} and wavelength by λ {\displaystyle \lambda }. the larger the value of z, the more redshifted the light and the farther away the object is from the earth. as of january 2013, the largest galaxy redshift of z~12 was found using the hubble ultra-deep field, c...
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3adfa1c99d7b9caab32dfa3ac973f4a2c05f0db1
where λ 0 {\displaystyle \lambda _{0}} is the
where λ 0 {\displaystyle \lambda _{0}} is the emitted wavelength, v 0 {\displaystyle v_{0}} is the velocity of the object, and λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is the observed wavelength. note that v<0 corresponds to λ < λ, a blueshifted wavelength. a redshifted absorption or emission line will appear more towards the red en...
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6d50a8143fc729b7dde9ba8a8c52ea748c496675
the motion of stellar objects can be determined
the motion of stellar objects can be determined by looking at their spectrum. because of the doppler effect, objects moving towards someone are blueshifted, and objects moving away are redshifted. the wavelength of redshifted light is longer, appearing redder than the source. conversely, the wavelength of blueshifted l...
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a77bf87c8ff270b7f297d3dee89b3ffa3450df07
stars and interstellar gas are bound by gravity
stars and interstellar gas are bound by gravity to form galaxies, and groups of galaxies can be bound by gravity in galaxy clusters. with the exception of stars in the milky way and the galaxies in the local group, almost all galaxies are moving away from earth due to the expansion of the universe.
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26e64f27b6056f6ccc0c612c38c18caaa8940d0b
dust and molecules in the interstellar medium not
dust and molecules in the interstellar medium not only obscures photometry, but also causes absorption lines in spectroscopy. their spectral features are generated by transitions of component electrons between different energy levels, or by rotational or vibrational spectra. detection usually occurs in radio, microwave...
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22a10b49b0a34d50680f287769679bef226e5a0a
not all emission nebulae are found around or
not all emission nebulae are found around or near stars where solar heating causes ionisation. the majority of gaseous emission nebulae are formed of neutral hydrogen. in the ground state neutral hydrogen has two possible spin states: the electron has either the same spin or the opposite spin of the proton. when the at...
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ffc12e0219a64d03fb2feb659acca43425ad22d4
in the early years of astronomical spectroscopy, scientists
in the early years of astronomical spectroscopy, scientists were puzzled by the spectrum of gaseous nebulae. in 1864 william huggins noticed that many nebulae showed only emission lines rather than a full spectrum like stars. from the work of kirchhoff, he concluded that nebulae must contain "enormous masses of luminou...
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8eb3ff315d3bbb9a07d5dde655c775fadd9324e8
there are three main types of nebula: absorption,
there are three main types of nebula: absorption, reflection, and emission nebulae. absorption (or dark) nebulae are made of dust and gas in such quantities that they obscure the starlight behind them, making photometry difficult. reflection nebulae, as their name suggest, reflect the light of nearby stars. their spect...
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0997fbd0288359f3a4e38b6b53362ad26770d845
the interstellar medium is matter that occupies the
the interstellar medium is matter that occupies the space between star systems in a galaxy. 99% of this matter is gaseous – hydrogen, helium, and smaller quantities of other ionized elements such as oxygen. the other 1% is dust particles, thought to be mainly graphite, silicates, and ices. clouds of the dust and gas ar...
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ebe3c4ac1858210b4430fc85de48d76403ceffc0
the properties of a galaxy can also be
the properties of a galaxy can also be determined by analyzing the stars found within them. ngc 4550, a galaxy in the virgo cluster, has a large portion of its stars rotating in the opposite direction as the other portion. it is believed that the galaxy is the combination of two smaller galaxies that were rotating in o...
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af38607a3a1e4dd3f42496f69cac0f81c0c1b466
in the 1950s, strong radio sources were found
in the 1950s, strong radio sources were found to be associated with very dim, very red objects. when the first spectrum of one of these objects was taken there were absorption lines at wavelengths where none were expected. it was soon realised that what was observed was a normal galactic spectrum, but highly red shifte...
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8acef5bde79e8a7fcb5bb45b94a357962a18c90b
doppler shift studies of galaxy clusters by fritz
doppler shift studies of galaxy clusters by fritz zwicky in 1937 found that the galaxies in a cluster were moving much faster than seemed to be possible from the mass of the cluster inferred from the visible light. zwicky hypothesized that there must be a great deal of non-luminous matter in the galaxy clusters, which ...
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7c83e84fd4cf5f26b575b153664e08b26c795af4
where r is the radius of the star
where r is the radius of the star and σ is the stefan–boltzmann constant, with a value of 5.670 374 419... × 10 w⋅m ⋅k. thus, when both luminosity and temperature are known (via direct measurement and calculation) the radius of a star can be determined.
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271d3f85f658351cecc87d8417c452a5b387ab13
b is a constant of proportionality called wien's
b is a constant of proportionality called wien's displacement constant, equal to 2.897 771 955... × 10 m⋅k. this equation is called wien's law. by measuring the peak wavelength of a star, the surface temperature can be determined. for example, if the peak wavelength of a star is 502 nm the corresponding temperature wil...
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bbb739da566f9856e82b341477ec0e95fd651889
in 1860 gustav kirchhoff proposed the idea of
in 1860 gustav kirchhoff proposed the idea of a black body, a material that emits electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths. in 1894 wilhelm wien derived an expression relating the temperature (t) of a black body to its peak emission wavelength (λ):
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376dba4e3f012bebe2b22808f9e6946f00e5f6cf
by analyzing the equivalent width of each spectral
by analyzing the equivalent width of each spectral line in an emission spectrum, both the elements present in a star and their relative abundances can be determined. using this information stars can be categorized into stellar populations; population i stars are the youngest stars and have the highest metal content (th...
wikipedia
fe34997365e75f6123dfd054311dd04d9a920c0a
newton used a prism to split white light
newton used a prism to split white light into a spectrum of color, and fraunhofer's high-quality prisms allowed scientists to see dark lines of an unknown origin. in the 1850s, gustav kirchhoff and robert bunsen described the phenomena behind these dark lines. hot solid objects produce light with a continuous spectrum,...
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a938791e329cc6e2792ee8d320043d132d753150
radio interferometry was pioneered in 1946, when joseph
radio interferometry was pioneered in 1946, when joseph lade pawsey, ruby payne-scott and lindsay mccready used a single antenna atop a sea cliff to observe 200 mhz solar radiation. two incident beams, one directly from the sun and the other reflected from the sea surface, generated the necessary interference. the firs...
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690fdd9595360aaae57d6c2143dd8f1112c247a5
radio astronomy was founded with the work of
radio astronomy was founded with the work of karl jansky in the early 1930s, while working for bell labs. he built a radio antenna to look at potential sources of interference for transatlantic radio transmissions. one of the sources of noise discovered came not from earth, but from the center of the milky way, in the ...
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f17134a68471ac1fd2ec5a53f205eaf2a5db3c7c
light dispersed by the grating or prism in
light dispersed by the grating or prism in a spectrograph can be recorded by a detector. historically, photographic plates were widely used to record spectra until electronic detectors were developed, and today optical spectrographs most often employ charge-coupled devices (ccds). the wavelength scale of a spectrum can...
wikipedia
78494cdb172745ce1f7f6e51cff8d28101441021
the limitation to a blazed grating is the
the limitation to a blazed grating is the width of the mirrors, which can only be ground a finite amount before focus is lost; the maximum is around 1000 lines/mm. in order to overcome this limitation holographic gratings were developed. volume phase holographic gratings use a thin film of dichromated gelatin on a glas...
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6e1654379a4200dc901e5b4229baeaf58a7886f9
the resolution of a prism is limited by
the resolution of a prism is limited by its size; a larger prism will provide a more detailed spectrum, but the increase in mass makes it unsuitable for highly detailed work. this issue was resolved in the early 1900s with the development of high-quality reflection gratings by j.s. plaskett at the dominion observatory ...
wikipedia
06c5de4d33b45067a3aa73e4eed785e6bb895ef5
physicists have been looking at the solar spectrum
physicists have been looking at the solar spectrum since isaac newton first used a simple prism to observe the refractive properties of light. in the early 1800s joseph von fraunhofer used his skills as a glassmaker to create very pure prisms, which allowed him to observe 574 dark lines in a seemingly continuous spectr...
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fa8b20143c70f26a92fba4b09828bf2e2319c8f2
astronomical spectroscopy is used to measure three major
astronomical spectroscopy is used to measure three major bands of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, radio waves, and x-rays. while all spectroscopy looks at specific bands of the spectrum, different methods are required to acquire the signal depending on the frequency. ozone (o) and molecular ox...
wikipedia
18b9f215214682c21149c30883c1c630617d061d
astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using
astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. a stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars...
wikipedia
2e5bd2396e723d150276d52c1cc51cd7859d7cc3
mario antoine elie is an american former professional
mario antoine elie is an american former professional basketball coach and player in the national basketball association (nba). elie grew up in new york city and played college basketball at american international college, before being drafted in the seventh round of the 1985 nba draft as the 160th overall pick by the ...
wikipedia
66281eda311c0db22c18fb8535fe70d8ab54a151
on september 28, 2007, elie was hired by
on september 28, 2007, elie was hired by the dallas mavericks as an assistant coach. he served with the mavericks for one season. on june 22, 2009, paul westphal hired elie as an assistant coach for the sacramento kings. on december 8, 2011, elie was added to former teammate avery johnson 's coaching staff with the new...
wikipedia
21ad63f6bb72e733b8b2c3ff271fbebda5ffc301
elie played for the rockets through the 1997–98
elie played for the rockets through the 1997–98 season and then signed with the san antonio spurs, where he played for two seasons. the spurs reportedly signed elie in an effort to add "nastiness" to their team. elie started for the spurs for much of the season. with elie, the spurs won their first-ever nba championshi...
wikipedia
7497809f67a2c75f7e8fe94caaf04ddffed2ad09
elie won two nba championships with the rockets,
elie won two nba championships with the rockets, in 1994 and 1995. during this period, elie was dubbed the "junkyard dog" by his teammates. one highlight of elie's career came when he hit a game-winning three-pointer in game 7 of the 1995 western conference semifinals against the phoenix suns to break a tie with 7.1 se...
wikipedia
4e25738933d9d4e4d24f3c1401465b2c98747703
in december 1990, he made his nba debut,
in december 1990, he made his nba debut, joining the philadelphia 76ers on a 10-day contract. he played three games for the 76ers between december 28 and january 2. in february 1991, he joined the golden state warriors, where he remained for the rest of the 1990–91 season as well as the 1991–92 season. elie spent the 1...
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698b3c9fdf1a39d4433cfa5a386196e602722633
in 1986, elie started his professional career in
in 1986, elie started his professional career in ireland with killester, where he won player of the year honors. elie played for the usbl 's miami tropics, elie played eight games in argentina with unión de santa fe. he then spent two seasons in portugal with ovarense, helping them win their first national title. he sp...
wikipedia
8b3ca76c9a72a3bcd7315d648c7557abfe1eee13
after division i schools failed to recruit him,
after division i schools failed to recruit him, elie played college basketball at the division ii level for american international college in springfield, massachusetts. he led aic to the ncaa division ii tournament quarter-final and became the school's all-time leading scorer. he was selected with the 160th pick (out ...
wikipedia
52a99e4c6993d43975d31587498c8fc1ad8c5ee5
elie began his professional basketball career with ireland's
elie began his professional basketball career with ireland's killester in 1986. he went on to play in portugal and argentina, as well as in the usbl, cba and wbl. elie first played in the nba in 1990 for the philadelphia 76ers and went on to play for the golden state warriors, portland trail blazers, houston rockets, s...
wikipedia
3204505f2aeb9c5665b9e1fb0f8de3c7e5ca5dcd
mario antoine elie (born november 26, 1963) is
mario antoine elie (born november 26, 1963) is an american former professional basketball coach and player in the national basketball association (nba). elie grew up in new york city and played college basketball at american international college, before being drafted in the seventh round of the 1985 nba draft as the 1...
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catechol-o-methyltransferase is one of several enzymes that degrade
catechol-o-methyltransferase is one of several enzymes that degrade catecholamines, catecholestrogens, and various drugs and substances having a catechol structure. in humans, catechol-o-methyltransferase protein is encoded by the comt gene. two isoforms of comt are produced: the soluble short form (s-comt) and the mem...
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bdfda911f2caa4448b7bfc447c7ce6f628334ed0
comt inhibitors include entacapone, tolcapone, opicapone, and nitecapone.
comt inhibitors include entacapone, tolcapone, opicapone, and nitecapone. all except nitecapone are used in the treatment of parkinson's disease. risk of liver toxicity and related digestive disorders restricts the use of tolcapone.
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413bdaaa68673100dbcf8603a514625dc4985f41
temporomandibular joint dysfunction (tmd) does not appear to
temporomandibular joint dysfunction (tmd) does not appear to be a classic genetic disorder, however variations in the gene that codes for comt have been suggested to be responsible for inheritance of a predisposition to develop tmd during life.
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dc8a496664f976027a9717db54283d5bc4ac7a33
the comt val met polymorphism also has a
the comt val met polymorphism also has a pleiotropic effect on emotional processing. furthermore, the polymorphism has been shown to affect ratings of subjective well-being. when 621 women were measured with experience sample monitoring, which is similar to mood assessment as response to beeping watch, the met/met form...
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4e6ce11cc0fe7f1026fcde9e6e8aca4b2ff1a948
a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4680 was found to
a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4680 was found to be associated with depressed factor of positive and negative syndrome scale (panss) and efficiency of emotion in schizophrenia subjects. it is increasingly recognised that allelic variation at the comt gene are also relevant for emotional processing, a...
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a97cef0ffdc67136e464030a2e242d97dcbebc8b
comparable effects on similar cognitive tasks, the frontal
comparable effects on similar cognitive tasks, the frontal lobes, and the neurotransmitter dopamine have also all been linked to schizophrenia. it has been proposed that an inherited variant of comt is one of the genetic factors that may predispose someone to developing schizophrenia later in life. a more recent study ...
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297fb61c3d5167b02661f0d4756d04cdb48bbff6
a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (a common normal variant)
a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (a common normal variant) of the gene for catechol- o -methyltransferase results in a valine to methionine mutation at position 158 (val met) rs4680. in vitro, the homozygous val variant metabolizes dopamine at up to four times the rate of its methionine counterpart. however,...
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f8ec15326912a695bb8fc37258404bc7ec1f07d6
the comt protein is coded by the gene
the comt protein is coded by the gene comt. the gene is associated with allelic variants. the best-studied is val met. others are rs737865 and rs165599 that have been studied, e.g., for association with personality traits, response to antidepressant medications, and psychosis risk associated with alzheimer's disease. c...
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ea730ca7b0c20b645b0ac78a1ce5c108cf039462
in the brain, comt-dependent dopamine degradation is of
in the brain, comt-dependent dopamine degradation is of particular importance in brain regions with low expression of the presynaptic dopamine transporter (dat), such as the prefrontal cortex (in the pfc, dopamine is also removed by presynaptic norepinephrine transporters (net) and degraded by monoamine oxidase.). cont...
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levodopa, a precursor of catecholamines, is an important
levodopa, a precursor of catecholamines, is an important substrate of comt. comt inhibitors, like entacapone, save levodopa from comt and prolong the action of levodopa. entacapone is a widely used adjunct drug of levodopa therapy. when given with an inhibitor of dopa decarboxylase (carbidopa or benserazide), levodopa ...
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bcf064febf1d7b57549a912cd7d004e5db36247f
catechol- o -methyltransferase is involved in the inactivation
catechol- o -methyltransferase is involved in the inactivation of the catecholamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). the enzyme introduces a methyl group to the catecholamine, which is donated by s-adenosyl methionine (sam). any compound having a catechol structure, like catecholestrogens ...
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eb54436f791b637e13bf46202bac4aff7acb8850
catechol- o -methyltransferase (comt; ec 2.1.1.6) is one
catechol- o -methyltransferase (comt; ec 2.1.1.6) is one of several enzymes that degrade catecholamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine), catecholestrogens, and various drugs and substances having a catechol structure. in humans, catechol- o -methyltransferase protein is encoded by ...
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db4ec2d9b20a36db365e43c36ed04a98fae86e9d
after the 2015–16 season, in which he primarily
after the 2015–16 season, in which he primarily spent with third tier affiliate, the fort wayne komets of the echl, beaupré completed his entry-level deal and was not offered a contract to remain with the avalanche. on july 18, 2016, he opted to remain with the komets, signing a one-year echl contract as a free agent. ...
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681090fe2088f02b6dbc265a66527afcc79ac5d9
on march 22, 2013, beaupré was rewarded in
on march 22, 2013, beaupré was rewarded in his role as a defensive defenceman from his first professional season, with a three-year entry-level contract from the colorado avalanche. in the following 2013–14 season, beaupré established himself as a mainstay on the monsters blueline, featuring in 65 games for 8 points.
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in the following 2012–13 season, beaupré began his
in the following 2012–13 season, beaupré began his fifth season with the foreurs. after just 4 games, beaupré opted to turn professional and although without a contract from the avalanche, was assigned to secondary affiliate, the denver cutthroats of the central hockey league. scoring 8 points in 28 games with the cutt...
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after attending his first nhl training camp with
after attending his first nhl training camp with the colorado avalanche prior to the 2011–12 season, beaupré was returned to junior to continue with val-d'or. he posted a career high 6 goals and 21 points, however could not help prevent val-d'or from a third successive first round exit.
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beaupré as a quebec native, played midget hockey
beaupré as a quebec native, played midget hockey with the lévis commandeurs. he began his major junior career in the quebec major junior hockey league with the val-d'or foreurs in the 2008–09 season. as a stay-at-home defenceman, he appeared in 53 games as a rookie, contributing with just 3 assists. developing in size ...
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dimitry jean sylvain bertaud yaka is a professional
dimitry jean sylvain bertaud yaka is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for ligue 1 club montpellier and the dr congo national team. bertaud first joined montpellier at the age of 13 and within three years found himself training with the club's first and reserve teams. he made his professional debut fo...
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bertaud was called up to the france olympic
bertaud was called up to the france olympic football team for the 2020 summer olympics in tokyo, alongside angers ' paul bernardoni and saint-Étienne 's stefan bajic. bertaud stayed on the bench again, as france placed 3rd in group a.
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thanks to his ligue 1 performances, bertaud was
thanks to his ligue 1 performances, bertaud was called up to the france national under-21 football team by sylvain ripoll for the 2021 uefa european under-21 championship qualification tournament, where he was the second choice behind nantes ' alban lafont with leeds ' illan meslier. bernaud only played in a friendly m...
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bertaud was quickly promoted to the france national
bertaud was quickly promoted to the france national under-20 football team by philippe montanier. later, under johan radet, he played at the 2018 toulon tournament. france played in group b, defeating south korea 4–1 and togo, losing 1–0 to scotland and finishing 2nd.
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bertaud also represented france at the 2017 toulon
bertaud also represented france at the 2017 toulon tournament. after a clean draw against wales and a 2–1 defeat to ivory coast, france defeated bahrain 6–1, bertaud playing all 3 games.
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following bertaud's professional contract and performances with montpellier's
following bertaud's professional contract and performances with montpellier's reserves, bertaud was called up again by giuntini after 4 years, to play with the france national under-19 football team, alongside saint-Étienne 's anthony maisonnial, in the 2017 uefa european under-19 championship qualification elite round...
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while still playing for montpellier 's youth teams,
while still playing for montpellier 's youth teams, bertaud got his first national call-up for the france national under-16 football team by jean-claude giuntini, where he debuted on 31 october, in a 2–1 friendly victory over the netherlands.
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bertaud remained second in line after rulli returned
bertaud remained second in line after rulli returned to sociedad, as coach der zakarian brought in swiss international jonas omlin. nevertheless, he got to play some games in the ligue 1. he was briefly sidelined with an injured shoulder, before playing for all of montpellier's coupe de france campaign, which ended in ...
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ef452a336bc98f9a7fe06a6b0fe0872e1fdcc690
montpellier stood 8th when the league was suspended
montpellier stood 8th when the league was suspended due to the covid-19 pandemic, once more narrowly missing out on uefa competitions. bertaud had also played a couple of games with the reserves, who stood 14th in group c when the league was suspended, and were once again relegated.
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after lecomte joined monaco, coach der zakarian brought
after lecomte joined monaco, coach der zakarian brought in gerónimo rulli on loan from real sociedad, and bertaud remained the second choice, ahead of matis carvalho, who joined from toulouse after ligali left the club. bertaud played the opener against rennes, but again spent most of the season on the bench, playing m...
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following his successful season with the reserves, bertaud
following his successful season with the reserves, bertaud became montpellier's second choice, as pionnier retired; ligali returned from his loan as the third choice. this offered him less playing time, although he still played some games in the championnat national 3 to keep his legs fresh. once again, he played in th...
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