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on july 1, 2017, summers left the rangers
on july 1, 2017, summers left the rangers as a free agent and signed a two-year, two-way $650,000 contract with the pittsburgh penguins. summers played the duration of his contract exclusively with ahl affiliate, the wilkes-barre/scranton penguins.
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b1166a268e24434b00e8d31929d3cf39cc68b7e3
on march 1, 2015, summers was included in
on march 1, 2015, summers was included in a trade by the coyotes to the new york rangers along with defenseman keith yandle and a 2015 fourth round pick in exchange for defenseman john moore, anthony duclair, and two draft picks (2016 first round and 2015 second round).
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8ddc86724449aa21e10b3b28ec542f091e8b4b55
after his senior year in 2009–10, summers signed
after his senior year in 2009–10, summers signed a two-year entry level contract with the coyotes on march 31, 2010. he was then assigned to ahl affiliate, the san antonio rampage on an amateur try out contract for the remainder of the season.
wikipedia
64ba3ea47c3259f409d45f0f572cb152c9175dde
a native of milan, michigan, graduating milan high
a native of milan, michigan, graduating milan high school in 2006, summers was drafted by the phoenix coyotes in the first round, 29th overall, in the 2006 nhl entry draft. drafted from the usa hockey national team development program in ann arbor, summers was recruited to play collegiate hockey with the university of ...
wikipedia
4db9438fd700b310822148f24bc2bb4604acef4e
christopher c. summers (born february 5, 1988) is
christopher c. summers (born february 5, 1988) is an american former professional ice hockey defenseman who played in the national hockey league (nhl) with the arizona coyotes and new york rangers. he played out his career with the thomas sabo ice tigers of the deutsche eishockey liga (del).
wikipedia
2e26b72f6a2708cec1dca014a9e6de9977c2cb7b
janevski made his senior debut for yugoslavia in
janevski made his senior debut for yugoslavia in an august 1987 friendly match against the soviet union and has earned a total of two caps. he then made another debut for macedonia in an october 1993 friendly against slovenia and has earned a further five caps. his final international was a june 1995 european champions...
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1f84d505f8c74b847da1a9a1a303123f5556c2c2
during janevski's two-year stint at club brugge, the
during janevski's two-year stint at club brugge, the team where he would later become youth trainer, assistant manager and eventually manager, he won both the league in 1990 and the belgian cup in 1991.he never managed a secure place in the starting line-up, playing 35 matches and scoring once over the course of two ye...
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1693275c75f556086d74705ca5a368dcc9b2307f
Čedomir "Čede" janevski (macedonian: Чедомир "Чеде" Јаневски, born
Čedomir "Čede" janevski (macedonian: Чедомир "Чеде" Јаневски, born 3 july 1961) is a macedonian professional football manager and former player. he played internationally for both yugoslavia and macedonia.
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3c2097d9b69404d96099fd7232c895f4816fa58e
laurence frederick abbott is an american theoretical neuroscientist,
laurence frederick abbott is an american theoretical neuroscientist, who is currently the william bloor professor of theoretical neuroscience at columbia university, where he helped create the center for theoretical neuroscience. he is widely regarded as one of the leaders of theoretical neuroscience, and is coauthor, ...
wikipedia
931a37b22fa5265a5dd4f6c9be09e6db26de02fe
abbott attended oberlin college from 1968 to 1971,
abbott attended oberlin college from 1968 to 1971, where he received a bachelor's degree in physics. he subsequently attended graduate school at brandeis university from 1973 to 1977, where he received his ph.d. in physics. he subsequently worked in theoretical particle physics, serving as research associate at stanfor...
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3d2bbd15467dcce8ed2e1d48a72d1ff3f5d4c8c2
abbott has received numerous awards for his work
abbott has received numerous awards for his work in the field, including memberships in the national academy of sciences and the american academy of arts and sciences. in 2010, he received the swartz prize for theoretical and computational neuroscience. in 2022 he was awarded the gruber neuroscience prize. in 2024, he ...
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ddac9c0bff6a42d6a6fa30defe664a3dccc20d5d
laurence frederick abbott (born 1950) is an american
laurence frederick abbott (born 1950) is an american theoretical neuroscientist, who is currently the william bloor professor of theoretical neuroscience at columbia university, where he helped create the center for theoretical neuroscience. he is widely regarded as one of the leaders of theoretical neuroscience, and i...
wikipedia
b90dbf6eeb93e72b335d6cc4c9f1d1c801feea3d
lawrence awuley quaye is a former professional footballer
lawrence awuley quaye is a former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. born in ghana, quaye gained qatari citizenship and represented the qatar national team. he took the arabic name of anas mubarak after becoming a qatari citizen.
wikipedia
3417dca6e6fad4ef0257d4fb280f438f83fd2d4c
in 2010, he changed to play for qatar
in 2010, he changed to play for qatar at 2011 afc asian cup, which qatar as host. he capped for his adoptive nation in warm-up friendlies, against haiti, egypt, estonia, iran and north korea. he also played all 3 matches against kuwait, yemen and saudi arabia in 20th arabian gulf cup. he was the starting central midfie...
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2131dbfd25468f35e82f51379b2ae3e6e511f019
he played for the black starlets at 2001
he played for the black starlets at 2001 meridian cup, including a 1–1 draw with portugal u18, losing to italy u18 0–1 as captain. and losing 0–2 to spain.
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6da76c5372478b95b3df558dadd8c83a68762dec
he also a regular starter in 2008 and
he also a regular starter in 2008 and 2009 edition, played 4 and 5 games respectively. in 2010 edition, he only played in the both legs of the quarter-finals, losing to al hilal 4–5 in aggregate.
wikipedia
9c345f63b713ad27d9a059622fd940d77209c49b
born in accra, quaye began his career with
born in accra, quaye began his career with liberty professionals. in january 2003 he was signed by french ligue 2 side saint-Étienne. he played his first ligue 2 match and first league start on 8 march 2003, a 1–1 draw with wasquehal. he scored his only goal for the club on 6 december 2003 against gueugnon, which was t...
wikipedia
53c1e90dd031f980d937f9b12700631b20010879
born in ghana, quaye gained qatari citizenship and
born in ghana, quaye gained qatari citizenship and represented the qatar national team. he took the arabic name of anas mubarak (arabic: أنس مبارك) after becoming a qatari citizen.
wikipedia
65111c586e1b3d2efb8976a2463057bffeb3f153
adriaan kortlandt was a dutch ethologist. he has
adriaan kortlandt was a dutch ethologist. he has been described together with vernon reynolds and jane goodall as "...one of a trio of pioneers ... who founded field studies of chimpanzees in the 1960s."
wikipedia
a85aa0323cca502787a4742fa07fa9cd46ae853f
kortlandt also built a robotic model early human
kortlandt also built a robotic model early human ancestor with movable thorns for arms. when experimentally placed near wild lions, they were frightened away by its jerky motions and whipping thorns. kortlandt concluded even simple thorn branches could have helped early humans intimidate predators on the dangerous afri...
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f410e65c1c8f9fb0230b85d505170af1e83aed90
the most striking phenomenon was their obvious fear
the most striking phenomenon was their obvious fear of hurting the pads of their paws on the spines. they could easily have swept away the thorn branches, or lifted them up, with just one gentle movement of a paw, but they were much too afraid to do so.
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d791b25f564a31bf5840175b0129d02a26fe44d9
in 1980, kortlandt carried out experiments on the
in 1980, kortlandt carried out experiments on the defense strategies of early small-posture hominids in collaboration with george adamson. he tested ideas that thorn weapons might have deterred predators from early humans by putting meat under thorn branches and observing lion reactions.
wikipedia
314f24f6a979d5843c06d1ed430c768e6bcd14fd
in 1965, adriaan kortlandt conducted experiments with chimpanzees
in 1965, adriaan kortlandt conducted experiments with chimpanzees to understand the defense mechanisms of early humans against predators. he introduced a stuffed leopard electronic moving head to a group of chimpanzees. the chimpanzees responded by attacking the leopard using sticks and amplified their assault with lou...
wikipedia
04176dd204446c1d2c57fa133b77deba207a672a
if in a cormorant or an avocet a
if in a cormorant or an avocet a fighting impulse is thwarted for one reason or another, the bird will perform sexual and nesting behaviour. further, if a sexual impulse is thwarted, the bird will peck its mate or make nesting movements. a nesting impulse when thwarted may give rise to sexual or fighting activities. ("...
wikipedia
d0ce725c43727f4a9f076ffe6d516cf8617d57b1
kortlandt studied the instinctive behaviors of cormorants from
kortlandt studied the instinctive behaviors of cormorants from a young age. his detailed observations pioneered new methods for studying animal behavior patterns in birds. his work provided insights into the rigid nature of instinctive behaviors in cormorants and their importance for species survival. however, when kor...
wikipedia
3cab71efe260e2ab77d27c2a28dc7e5ed0765faa
as a teenager in the dutch city of
as a teenager in the dutch city of rotterdam, adriaan kortlandt would often get on his bicycle after school and pedal out to a nature park in the suburb of lekkerkerk. he spent long hours alone there, watching and photographing a colony of cormorants, a pelican-like bird, as they built their nests and dove into the wat...
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d9e16a55f75031d3b84b2f70adcb4746cc120a5b
adriaan kortlandt (january 25, 1918, rotterdam – october
adriaan kortlandt (january 25, 1918, rotterdam – october 18, 2009, amsterdam) was a dutch ethologist. he has been described together with vernon reynolds and jane goodall as "...one of a trio of pioneers... who founded field studies of chimpanzees in the 1960s."
wikipedia
7ec914241da93877180c3c20fc8796212765cf8a
allyn condon is an english former sprinter and
allyn condon is an english former sprinter and bobsleigher. at the vancouver olympic games in 2010 he became the seventh person to have competed for great britain in both the summer and winter olympic games having already competed in the sydney olympics in 2000.
wikipedia
8f24af9c7f3b05dcb94b72ecff278babada8ebc8
in 2010 after a season of selection upsets,
in 2010 after a season of selection upsets, he was selected to represent great britain at the vancouver winter olympic games, becoming part of a select group to have competed at both the summer and winter olympics. as a bobsledder, condon finished 17th in the four-man event at the 2010 winter olympics in vancouver alon...
wikipedia
64951bde3932e5d21482feaac2d5539145bc2aa3
during his first year in the sport he
during his first year in the sport he became a first team regular in both the two-man and four-man events. his best finish at the fibt world championships was fifth in the four-man event at st. moritz in 2007. condon's best world cup finish was tenth in a four-man event at winterberg in 2008.
wikipedia
98f6dd4564968a009a8e01947bfe346e484197d0
in 2003 he was a finalist in the
in 2003 he was a finalist in the 200m at the ((world indoor athletics championships | 2003)) but was unfortunately disqualified after getting two false starts. he refused to leave the track despite the disqualification, holding the event up for a period of around 10 - 15 minutes. after huge support from the home nation...
wikipedia
3adfe2e0db6296f9f3053f47028dc196ed7e213b
after a short time out of the sport,
after a short time out of the sport, he got back to full fitness and in august became the 2002 commonwealth games gold medalist in manchester in the 4 × 100 m relay. condon flew out to munich as part of the great britain team for the 2002 european athletics championships, but after a dispute with the team management ov...
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1e008581b2adb2de240dd0613b789da3f1cc3e0d
in 2000 he was selected for his first
in 2000 he was selected for his first olympic games in sydney where he competed as part of the 4 × 100 m relay team. in august 2001 after competing for sale harriers manchester in a league competition, allyn collapsed and was later rushed into hospital with renal failure and endocarditis. after spending six weeks in ho...
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2fca3b2e96e6efc3b83bab66f32bd9a86e773c00
the following year he won a 4 ×
the following year he won a 4 × 400 m relay bronze at the 1999 iaaf world indoor championships and outdoors won the a silver medal in the event at the 1999 world championships in athletics. at that competition he also ran first leg in the 4 × 400 m relay team that broke the british indoor record and won a bronze medal....
wikipedia
7162ae609fff0e7919d5fe184edcb7db5ec6a8a7
he was the 200 metres bronze medalist at
he was the 200 metres bronze medalist at the 1998 european athletics indoor championships and won 4 × 100 m relay gold medals at the 1998 european cup and 1998 iaaf world cup and 1998 european athletics championships. also in 1998 he represented england in the 200 metres event, at the 1998 commonwealth games in kuala l...
wikipedia
519e91f095ef17708b13c9b3886a34f13c9a6f0e
in 1992 he ran first leg in the
in 1992 he ran first leg in the 4 x 100 metres relay team that took gold at the world junior championships in south korea, breaking the european junior record in the process. he became one of the youngest sportsmen ever to be selected to compete for great britain at the world cup in cuba were at the age of 18 he won a ...
wikipedia
4b8d3d7aac7f1b2d4a5e48d1bf9da74376f3c724
condon has been coached by his father morris
condon has been coached by his father morris condon since the age of 10 years. he showed a talent for athletics at an early age when he won two gold medals at the european youth olympics in brussels in 1991 at the age of 16 and then was part of the winning 4 x 400 metres relay team at the european junior championships ...
wikipedia
5e7ff5635a71243e6ef7adff64877eec9c7b4ee4
allyn condon (born 24 august 1974) is an
allyn condon (born 24 august 1974) is an english former sprinter and bobsleigher. at the vancouver olympic games in 2010 he became the seventh person to have competed for great britain in both the summer and winter olympic games having already competed in the sydney olympics in 2000.
wikipedia
6011f0b04fe126257643fad4d339a811e10cc5fa
biseswar's parents are from suriname, although he was
biseswar's parents are from suriname, although he was once (incorrectly) thought to be eligible for trinidad and tobago citizenship. he has one older sister and one younger brother, who is named romario. the biseswar boys were named after football icons maradona and romário.
wikipedia
43cfafa4df7bc86b8ce667422fe57441a4b86bad
on 21 january 2020, biseswar accepted a proposal
on 21 january 2020, biseswar accepted a proposal from the suriname national team. he earned his first cap on 27 march 2021 against aruba with a 0–6 win. in june 2021 biseswar was named to the suriname squad for the 2021 concacaf gold cup.
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333e1996deb185e9857d628943b6d955395cc483
in march 2009, biseswar was called up by
in march 2009, biseswar was called up by manager johan neeskens for the b-international squad. he made his netherlands b debut on 3 june 2009, where he played 52 minutes, in a 4–0 loss against argentina u20. biseswar went on to make two more appearances for the side.
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a00971e0ae947c349a045808720b88c73169bb39
in october 2008, biseswar was called up to
in october 2008, biseswar was called up to the netherlands u21 squad for the first time, but was not used. it wasn't until on 11 august 2009 when he made his netherlands u21 debut, starting the whole game, in a 0–0 draw against england u21. biseswar then scored his first netherlands u21 goal on 4 september 2009, in a 2...
wikipedia
bdf749506adcd0f9588d67a178c654c40f31ac4b
biseswar played at the 2005 uefa european under-17
biseswar played at the 2005 uefa european under-17 football championship in italy, scoring a late group stage winner against israel. the goal took the netherlands through to the semi-final against hosts italy. biseswar was mentioned in the team of the tournament, but couldn't save his team from losing in the final to t...
wikipedia
77f2d29dbf6b0c0db64c426ed2129f70e56ca9b3
biseswar was voted best left winger of the
biseswar was voted best left winger of the decade (2010–2020) by the fans of paok. at the end of september 2020, bisewar was linked with a transfer to uae pro league club al ain fc, but the deal did not complete as he could not agree personal terms with the club.
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138ad385dbb3a97edec13145c37a73123ae21246
in the 2018–19 season, biseswar started the season
in the 2018–19 season, biseswar started the season when on 15 september 2018, he was named man of the match as he scored his first goal for the 2018–19 super league season as exchanged passes with morocco midfielder omar el kaddouri on the edge of the ofi penalty area, before bursting into the box and firing a low righ...
wikipedia
552f34b3ff4bfe5242d0f744f50442b4838d0001
in the 2018–19 season, biseswar started the season
channel and skipping past the challenge of mark asigba before scoring with a measured, right-footed shot in a 3–0 home win game against lamia in his club's rally to win the title after 34 years. a few minutes earlier he gave a precise cross to his teammate yevhen shakhov to score with a header, his 10th assist in all ...
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7c19114b1df7fa21d0114b93a126edc4faddda39
however, in the 2017–18 season, biseswar found himself
however, in the 2017–18 season, biseswar found himself in the substitute bench in a number of matches for the side. as a result, he was linked with a move away from paok, with gençlerbirliği interested. but there was no offers made and biseswar eventually stayed at the club. biseswar then received a red card for a seco...
wikipedia
6b0cfe986decf2f27bf4cab7b5183ed089021f7a
he made his paok debut, coming on as
he made his paok debut, coming on as a late substitute for charis charisis, as paok lost 2–1 to ajax in the second leg of the third round of the uefa champions league, eliminating the side from the tournament. biseswar then helped paok qualify for the uefa europa league group stage after beating dinamo tbilisi 5–0 on a...
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a0a547b6b87afd8f4ded17810063bf595d3c75ee
at the end of the 2015–16 season, biseswar
at the end of the 2015–16 season, biseswar was offered a new contract by kayserispor, but he rejected it and was expected to leave the club. until the expiration of his contract in summer 2016, he made 130 appearances scoring 19 goals in all competitions.
wikipedia
838b421e3d1384f44c3cd4437307c05a925e693a
in the 2015–16 season, biseswar continued to regain
in the 2015–16 season, biseswar continued to regain his first team place for the side at the start of the season. he captained the side for the first time this season, which came on 28 september 2015, in a 1–0 loss against İstanbul başakşehir. on 23 october 2015, biseswar scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–1 w...
wikipedia
46132fd42860e4ffe62a66a5958b40fc2255ee85
in the 2014–15 season, biseswar continued to regain
in the 2014–15 season, biseswar continued to regain his first team place for the side at the start of the season. it wasn't until on 22 november 2014 when he scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–0 win over alanyaspor. two weeks later on 7 december 2014, biseswar scored again, in a 3–1 win over osmanlıspor. on 4 ...
wikipedia
ae4abfef1d90fdf17b4836b08dbc7ee74dff0d02
in the 2013–14 season, biseswar regained his first
in the 2013–14 season, biseswar regained his first team place for the side at the start of the season. he then scored his first goal of the season, in a 1–1 draw against gençlerbirliği on 15 september 2013. eleven days later, biseswar scored again in the second round of the turkish cup, in a 2–1 win over pazarspor. he ...
wikipedia
3a449250dd4b3c9b47a3d118e364684c6f3f6722
however, at the start of the 2012–13 season,
however, at the start of the 2012–13 season, biseswar suffered an injury that saw him miss three matches. upon returning from injury, he scored his first goal in his first appearance of the 2012–13 season, in a 3–2 loss against orduspor on 17 september 2012. but soon, biseswar found himself excluded from the squad in e...
wikipedia
9eb9f241d8b153da4a9672e49e061ca96ef87358
biseswar made his kayserispor debut on 8 january
biseswar made his kayserispor debut on 8 january 2012, starting the whole game, in a 1–0 loss against antalyaspor. three days later on 11 january 2012, he set up a goal for emir kujović, who scored a winning goal, in a 1–0 win over akhisar belediyespor in the third round of the turkish cup. five days later against gazi...
wikipedia
295626b64d54bba199ee951251debfe124cc55e0
ahead of the 2011–12 season, biseswar was linked
ahead of the 2011–12 season, biseswar was linked a move away from feyenoord in the summer transfer window. but the transfer move never materialised and he stayed at the club. however, biseswar suffered an abdominal muscle injury that kept him out for two months. it wasn't until on 2 october 2011 when he returned from i...
wikipedia
76cbf850afa509d447084bf9374c6e1e7db5fd4b
in the 2010–11 season, biseswar, however, suffered an
in the 2010–11 season, biseswar, however, suffered an injury at the start of the season. at one point during the summer transfer window, he was subjected a loan transfer move to excelsior but rejected a move to the club. biseswar explained his decision that he wanted to stay at the club to fight for his place in the fi...
wikipedia
ac5d7b444aedb6e0d15418aa795122244556d100
in the 2009–10 season, biseswar found himself playing
in the 2009–10 season, biseswar found himself playing in the first team by coming on from the substitute bench. the decision to put biseswar came from new manager mario been, who was frustrated with his mentality with the club. despite this, he scored his first goal of the season in the second round of the knvb cup, in...
wikipedia
12fcf9ccaebca4cdb23ac68b54e0960c1cd77088
for the 2008–09 season, biseswar returned to feyenoord;
for the 2008–09 season, biseswar returned to feyenoord; his contract was due to expire at the end of the season, and he was placed on the transfer list. as a result, biseswar was expected to leave the club. he trialled at english club sheffield united, but they could not afford the player. feyenoord failed to sell the ...
wikipedia
f98062d272f4544823f1abaede2e2a70ef6c8008
for the 2007–08 season, biseswar had an unsuccessful
for the 2007–08 season, biseswar had an unsuccessful spell at eredivisie side de graafschap. he made his de graafschap debut on 2 february 2008 against excelsior, coming on as a substitute, in a 1–1 draw. biseswar failed to make an impression and only played 11 eredivisie matches for the club from doetinchem, without s...
wikipedia
241c3ea06a39e9dbb3c8463a270d19e52320d20f
biseswar had two eredivisie loan spells while at
biseswar had two eredivisie loan spells while at feyenoord. for the 2006–07 season he joined heracles almelo. it came after he went on a trial for the club and were among six players to be cut following erwin koeman 's decision ahead of the new season. biseswar made his heracles almelo debut in the opening game of the ...
wikipedia
c536b43059e79b282b69161ca32a2426561d1ff5
ahead of the 2007–08 season, biseswar signed a
ahead of the 2007–08 season, biseswar signed a contract with feyenoord, keeping him until 2009. his first appearance of the 2007–08 season came on 26 august 2007, coming on as a late substitute, in a 5–0 win over nac breda. a month later on 26 september 2007, he made another appearance for the side, also coming on as a...
wikipedia
25d461d83b594c184381e24bbb7e82eacf7a717e
in the 2005–06 season, biseswar mainly played for
in the 2005–06 season, biseswar mainly played for feyenoord u19. however, biseswar also made six appearances in feyenoord's first team and scored his first goal in the eredivisie. on 20 november 2005, biseswar replaced the injured ali boussaboun in the 53rd minute in the eredivisie away match against roda jc. in the 79...
wikipedia
8682a8bae50911d2077ea177a25a85d4a5d7e78a
on 29 october 2004, he signed his first
on 29 october 2004, he signed his first professional three-year contract with feyenoord, at the age of 16. however, later that year, biseswar was suspended by the knvb for a month after he "played in a competition match, under a different name, in the first team of an amateur club from amsterdam but was quickly picked ...
wikipedia
32179eb335d2e717487cb5742a986c47d6d73024
after playing for feyenoord u15 for one season,
after playing for feyenoord u15 for one season, biseswar was promoted to feyenoord u17, in which he played for two seasons. at the end of the last season, biseswar made his debut with feyenoord's first team.
wikipedia
07976cb417e1a5ff0f52f76c5ada31677db215e7
biseswar returned to former club dws, before leaving
biseswar returned to former club dws, before leaving again to play for telstar. after one season, biseswar was asked to join the feyenoord youth academy, a move he was happy to make: "i visited them a few times and was quickly convinced. i had no difficulty to join feyenoord as a boy from amsterdam. and why? ajax was f...
wikipedia
2531fae8fb190bf4a0fd2901e55cda4532e6344d
biseswar's first football club was amateur club dws.
biseswar's first football club was amateur club dws. he joined ajax after a year. after five seasons with ajax, he was deemed "unmanageable" and was released. bisewar has stated that he was happy to leave ajax, saying that "ajax thought i wasn't good enough and i wanted to leave myself. i didn't feel at ease, many frie...
wikipedia
a5cbaf88e4d74019f07667d3007210d0c0015a00
three-dimensional electrical capacitance tomography also known as electrical
three-dimensional electrical capacitance tomography also known as electrical capacitance volume tomography (ecvt) is a non-invasive 3d imaging technology applied primarily to multiphase flows. it was introduced in the early 2000s as an extension of the conventional two-dimensional ect. in conventional electrical capaci...
wikipedia
ddebd8dde5adc0c5e6a5d3108b9019b92b4b3fe3
in this application, a mobilized, remotely-controlled 3d ect
in this application, a mobilized, remotely-controlled 3d ect device is placed around the external tendon and scans the interior of the tendon. the tomographic device can then decipher information about the quality of the grouting or grease within the tendon in real time. it can also determine the size and location of a...
wikipedia
2fdf8ed154d1caa45a1f6a9e8ce6382c669f240b
in the infrastructure inspection industry, it is desirable
in the infrastructure inspection industry, it is desirable to use equipment that inspects embedded components non-invasively. issues such as corroded steel, water penetration, and air voids are often embedded within concrete or other solid members. here, non-destructive testing (ndt) methods must be used to avoid compr...
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4fc8b0e4794867e549dc99891e2be0708639195e
3d ect has been utilized in environments of
3d ect has been utilized in environments of high temperatures up to 650 °c to image and characterize fluidized beds under high temperatures such as those used in fluidized bed reactors, fluid catalytic cracking and fluidized bed combustion. the application of this technology to high temperature fluidized beds has allow...
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62d53546f1d337b25fa81961d591250ec5bf1e3d
most of the gas-solid flow systems in chemical
most of the gas-solid flow systems in chemical industries operate at elevated temperatures for optimal reaction kinetics. under such harsh conditions, many laboratory measurement techniques are no longer available. however, ect has the potential for high-temperature applications due to its simple and robust design and ...
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59d3098242632c891f587ed16d1fd98ad096ab0f
the trickle bed reactor (tbr) is a typical
the trickle bed reactor (tbr) is a typical three-phase gas-liquid-solid system, and has applications in petroleum, petrochemical, biochemical, electrochemical and water treatment industries. in a tbr, gas and liquid flow downward concurrently through packed solid materials. depending on the gas and liquid flow rates, t...
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421f80fb45ef635cf6861e59b71b1445833f185e
another example of the application of 3d ect
another example of the application of 3d ect in gas-liquid systems is the study of a cyclonic gas-liquid separator, where a gas-liquid mixture enters a horizontal column tangentially and creates a swirling flow field where gas and liquid is separated by centrifugal force. ect successfully captures the liquid distributi...
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b3952e583cecf35c9ee4deb46b91a564f1762b42
gas-liquid bubble column is a typical gas-liquid flow
gas-liquid bubble column is a typical gas-liquid flow system that is widely used in petrochemical and biochemical processes. the bubbling flow phenomena have been extensively researched with computational fluid dynamic methods as well as traditional invasive measurement techniques. ect possesses the unique ability to o...
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d3d606e9923886a7f0fd383cc48426d206098e7a
another example is 3d ect imaging of the
another example is 3d ect imaging of the riser and bend of a gas-solid circulating fluidized bed (cfb). a core-annulus flow structure in both the riser and the bend and a solid accumulation in the horizontal section of the bend are identified from quantitative images.
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dba59f152757acee796c77d73a2b0af43935081e
gas-solid fluidized bed is a typical gas-solid flow
gas-solid fluidized bed is a typical gas-solid flow system, and has been widely employed in chemical industries due to its superior heat and mass transfer and solid transport and handling. 3d ect has been successfully applied to gas-solid fluidized bed systems for system properties measurements and dynamic behaviors vi...
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70b18ecae598771877468503a0028ca4304cec2c
multi-phase flow refers to simultaneous flow of materials
multi-phase flow refers to simultaneous flow of materials of different physical states or chemical compositions, and is heavily involved in petroleum, chemical and biochemical industries. in the past, 3d ect has been extensively tested in a wide range of multi-phase flow systems in laboratory as well as industrial sett...
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ff1bdb60369ab4643f7769076507b9dd758b55fa
in order to increase spatial resolution, two basic
in order to increase spatial resolution, two basic strategies can be pursued. the first strategy consists of enriching the measurement data. this can be done by (a) adaptive acquisitions with synthetic electrodes, (b) spatio-temporal sampling using additional measurements obtained when objects are in different position...
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9bbd07b7f1a6b63e5de373decfbed563dfa72c73
spatial resolution is a fundamental challenge in 2d
spatial resolution is a fundamental challenge in 2d and 3d ect. the spatial resolution is limited by the soft-field nature of ect and the fact that the interrogating electric field is quasi-static in nature. the latter property implies that the potential distribution between the plates is a solution of laplace equation...
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cedf368dc321afd41708c60588d0aaddcb0e14b1
in general terms, the method of data acquisition
in general terms, the method of data acquisition used alongside 3d ect is very fast. data can be sampled from the sensor at several thousand times per second depending on the number of plate pairs in the sensor design and the analog design of the data acquisition system (i.e. clock speed, parallel circuitry, etc.). the...
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010e972b69c1536b01a2d0d2806a18dde4b2888b
compared to other sensing and imaging equipment such
compared to other sensing and imaging equipment such as gamma radiation, x-ray, or mri machines, 3d ect remains relatively cheap to manufacture and operate. part of this quality of the technology is due to its low energy emissions which do not require any additional mechanisms of containing waste or insulating high pow...
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cb238d57e2a18f420d5903c90cf283554738e768
3d ect operates on very large wavelengths, typically
3d ect operates on very large wavelengths, typically using frequencies below 10 mhz to excite the electrodes. these long wavelengths allow the technology to operate under the quasi-electrostatic regime. as long as the diameter of the sensor is much smaller than the length of the wave, these assumptions hold valid. for ...
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4820cdca416dec534cdec5cf8b7a3d23e9e12901
3d ect is low energy, low frequency, and
3d ect is low energy, low frequency, and non-radioactive, making it safe to employ in any situation where toxic waste, high voltage, or electromagnetic radiation is a concern. the low energy nature of the technology also makes it suitable for remote locations where power is in short supply. in many occasions, a simple ...
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87ed189cae6e077a5218d557cc9e6c44388e8e78
the basic requirements of 3d ect sensors are
the basic requirements of 3d ect sensors are simple and can therefore be very modular in design. tomographic sensors require only conductive electrodes which are electrically isolated from one another and are also not shorted through the medium being inspected by the sensor. additionally there must be a way to excite a...
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6b9e7e57360e3999103ada84bc4fa2d302831933
the application of the sensitivity gradient provides significant
the application of the sensitivity gradient provides significant improvement over more traditional (cross-correlation based) velocimetry, exhibiting better image quality and requiring less computational time. another advantage of the sensitivity gradient based velocimetry is its compatibility with conventional image re...
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1265c4d7cf85213e9e161abbd4193cf551958213
where s {\displaystyle s} is the sensitivity distribution
where s {\displaystyle s} is the sensitivity distribution of an 3d ect sensor as shown to the right. upon application of the sensitivity gradient as described in, a 3d and 2d velocity profile corresponding to the figure above are shown in the figure to the right.
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85d6f7f8c4a0b32603e6dfc29a545236d0feb3a7
f = ∇ s = a ^ x
f = ∇ s = a ^ x ∂ s ∂ x + a ^ y ∂ s ∂ y + a ^ z ∂ s ∂ z {\displaystyle f=\nabla s={\hat {a}}_{x}{\frac {\partial s}{\partial x}}+{\hat {a}}_{y}{\frac {\partial s}{\partial y}}+{\hat {a}}_{z}{\frac {\partial s}{\partial z}}}
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090888b17a486fa61f37e46bf1ed3aeb35d3a1d0
knowing that a mixture will exhibit dielectric relaxation
knowing that a mixture will exhibit dielectric relaxation due to the mws effect, this additional measuring dimension can be exploited to decompose multiphase flows when at least one of the phases is conducting. the figure to the right shows the reconstructed images of the flow model, conducting phase, and non-conductin...
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ccbafe0435c99622044ea4729bf06482e69275a2
where ε 1 ∗ {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{1}^{*}}, ε
where ε 1 ∗ {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{1}^{*}}, ε 2 ∗ {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{2}^{*}}, and ε ∗ {\displaystyle \varepsilon ^{*}} are the complex effective permittivity of the dispersed phase, continuous phase, and mixture, respectively. ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is the volume fraction of the dispersed phase.
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60d9505df3ae143bfc5c0392fb79cff9b0776d06
(ε 1 ∗ − ε 2 ∗ ε
(ε 1 ∗ − ε 2 ∗ ε 1 ∗ − ε ∗) 3 ε ∗ ε 2 ∗ = 1 (1 − ϕ) 3 {\displaystyle \left({\frac {\varepsilon _{1}^{*}-\varepsilon _{2}^{*}}{\varepsilon _{1}^{*}-\varepsilon ^{*}}}\right)^{3}{\frac {\varepsilon ^{*}}{\varepsilon _{2}^{*}}}={\frac {1}{(1-\phi)^{3}}}}
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a8100e805957d60c6bd94deadac545cf09d0b31f
multiphase flows are invariably complex. advanced measuring techniques
multiphase flows are invariably complex. advanced measuring techniques are required to monitor and quantify phase hold ups in such multiphase flows. due to their relatively fast speed of acquisition and non-intrusive characteristics, 2d and 3d ect are widely used in industries for flow monitoring. however, the flow dec...
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9886b222fa21d554ef15f459fbe2a87e57e73b02
displacement-current phase tomography is an imaging modality that
displacement-current phase tomography is an imaging modality that relies on the same hardware as ect. 3d ect does not make use of the real part (conductance component) of the obtained mutual admittance measurements. this component of the measurement is related with the material losses in the region of interest (conduct...
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69e62a4eb54e83cca195c57902b7bf75908f0112
reconstruction methods address the inverse problem of 3d
reconstruction methods address the inverse problem of 3d ect imaging, i.e. to determine the volumetric permittivity distribution form the mutual capacitance measurements. traditionally, the inverse problem is handled through the linearization of the (nonlinear) relationship between the capacitance and the material perm...
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7cf89fc0cb7cd21ea0ad4980eb1eb5b36bd755b7
the design of the electrodes is also dictated
the design of the electrodes is also dictated by the shape of the domain under investigation. some domains can be relatively simple geometries (cylindrical, rectangular prism, etc.) where symmetrical electrode placement can be used. however, complex geometries (corner joints, t-shaped domains, etc.) require specially d...
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e07a8b3638b7e43c7859acc957d58fc0e6af27fe
this process is repeated for all possible electrode
this process is repeated for all possible electrode pairs. note that reversing the roles of tx and rx electrodes would result in the same mutual capacitance due to the reciprocity. as a result, for 3d ect systems with n number of plates, the number of independent measurement is equal to n(n-1)/2. this process is typica...
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c7b779d983b6374555abaa6d87ef09381f4879c4
the hardware of 3d ect systems consists of
the hardware of 3d ect systems consists of sensing electrode plates, the data acquisition circuitry, and the computer to control the overall system and process the data. ect is a non-intrusive and non-invasive imaging modality due to its contactless operation. prior to the actual measurements, a calibration and normali...
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c0a0c2faf4e79b190d9b2bcc35a2b17d691d101d
soft-field tomography refers to a set of imaging
soft-field tomography refers to a set of imaging modalities such as electrical capacitance tomography (ect), electrical impedance tomography (eit), electrical resistivity tomography (ert), etc., wherein electric (or magnetic) field lines undergo changes in the presence of a perturbation in the medium. this is in contra...
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f2cb1ad478d14517992fddc02d37ec1abf53957f
where e 2 {\displaystyle e^{2}} is the square
where e 2 {\displaystyle e^{2}} is the square magnitude of the electric field. the capacitance changes as a nonlinear function of the dielectric permittivity ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } because the electric field distribution in the above integral is also a function of ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon }.
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b7fc60ee208920bcb30bf3143c44a7ab3b7a0b23
w = 1 2 ∫ ε e 2
w = 1 2 ∫ ε e 2 d v = 1 2 c v 2 {\displaystyle w={\frac {1}{2}}\int _{}^{}\varepsilon e^{2}\,dv={\frac {1}{2}}cv^{2}}
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where φ {\displaystyle \varphi } denotes the electric
where φ {\displaystyle \varphi } denotes the electric potential distribution. in a homogeneous medium with uniform ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon }, this equation reduces to the laplace equation. in a lossy medium with finite conductivity, such as water, the field obeys the generalized ampere equation,
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