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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
51de7d0b9c00998483a74c0ff0c6c188fff0a434	because the cross sections of these fusion-evaporation reactions	because the cross sections of these fusion-evaporation reactions increase with the asymmetry of the reaction, titanium would be a better projectile than chromium for the synthesis of element 121, though this necessitates an einsteinium target. this poses severe challenges due to the significant heating and damage of th...	wikipedia
234e3ff9eca03887269e092265aba9f2aa16e0ed	currently, the beam intensities at superheavy element facilities	currently, the beam intensities at superheavy element facilities result in about 10 projectiles hitting the target per second; this cannot be increased without burning the target and the detector, and producing larger amounts of the increasingly unstable actinides needed for the target is impractical. the team at the j...	wikipedia
662dd8c4350e4fa91aad2210226b01c92d3c9a15	because of the current impossibility of synthesizing elements	because of the current impossibility of synthesizing elements beyond californium (z = 98) in sufficient quantities to create a target, with einsteinium (z = 99) targets being currently considered, the practical synthesis of elements beyond oganesson requires heavier projectiles, such as titanium -50, chromium -54, iron...	wikipedia
309ef144fc5147aa84cf9ee415a96b4f634f066f	attempts to synthesize elements 119 and 120 push	attempts to synthesize elements 119 and 120 push the limits of current technology, due to the decreasing cross sections of the production reactions and their probably short half-lives, expected to be on the order of microseconds. heavier elements, beginning with element 121, would likely be too short-lived to be detect...	wikipedia
b1687f472e22d9c3062d5d3efb5212fd8bd333ff	fusion reactions producing superheavy elements can be divided	fusion reactions producing superheavy elements can be divided into "hot" and "cold" fusion, depending on the excitation energy of the compound nucleus produced. in hot fusion reactions, very light, high-energy projectiles are accelerated toward very heavy targets (actinides), giving rise to compound nuclei at high exci...	wikipedia
374d00e1b86f276986da5489b03eb84e7971a20c	alpha decays are registered by the emitted alpha	alpha decays are registered by the emitted alpha particles, and the decay products are easy to determine before the actual decay; if such a decay or a series of consecutive decays produces a known nucleus, the original product of a reaction can be easily determined. (that all decays within a decay chain were indeed rel...	wikipedia
2ae527cedcd44c22efefd35d3e6bdd27b1c63410	alpha particles are commonly produced in radioactive decays	alpha particles are commonly produced in radioactive decays because mass of an alpha particle per nucleon is small enough to leave some energy for the alpha particle to be used as kinetic energy to leave the nucleus. spontaneous fission is caused by electrostatic repulsion tearing the nucleus apart and produces various...	wikipedia
d4c2d53abc3a5f46a42625918571e7a0519d3e96	stability of a nucleus is provided by the	stability of a nucleus is provided by the strong interaction. however, its range is very short; as nuclei become larger, its influence on the outermost nucleons (protons and neutrons) weakens. at the same time, the nucleus is torn apart by electrostatic repulsion between protons, and its range is not limited. total bin...	wikipedia
d31c66a5eb5a19cd3da0ced91081bdf535ed0f5c	the beam passes through the target and reaches	the beam passes through the target and reaches the next chamber, the separator; if a new nucleus is produced, it is carried with this beam. in the separator, the newly produced nucleus is separated from other nuclides (that of the original beam and any other reaction products) and transferred to a surface-barrier detec...	wikipedia
50b416c07afd4dd5cd81907cf40b547aee3bd515	the resulting merger is an excited state —termed	the resulting merger is an excited state —termed a compound nucleus —and thus it is very unstable. to reach a more stable state, the temporary merger may fission without formation of a more stable nucleus. alternatively, the compound nucleus may eject a few neutrons, which would carry away the excitation energy; if the...	wikipedia
de70e8f828e5f251ecd8357473aa4518b27a4152	coming close enough alone is not enough for	coming close enough alone is not enough for two nuclei to fuse: when two nuclei approach each other, they usually remain together for about 10 second and then part ways (not necessarily in the same composition as before the reaction) rather than form a single nucleus. this happens because during the attempted formation...	wikipedia
24108f1d865e37580aae2e9a158499cba7db7eae	a superheavy atomic nucleus is created in a	a superheavy atomic nucleus is created in a nuclear reaction that combines two other nuclei of unequal size into one; roughly, the more unequal the two nuclei in terms of mass, the greater the possibility that the two react. the material made of the heavier nuclei is made into a target, which is then bombarded by the b...	wikipedia
6bae078a5489f6dfa2c226e99658b785b93c91c1	the position of unbiunium in the periodic table	the position of unbiunium in the periodic table suggests that it would have similar properties to lanthanum and actinium; however, relativistic effects may cause some of its properties to differ from those expected from a straight application of periodic trends. for example, unbiunium is expected to have a s p valence ...	wikipedia
dc9dc5b79d44a10c3b00939023377d6988d0340e	unbiunium has not yet been synthesized. it is	unbiunium has not yet been synthesized. it is expected to be one of the last few reachable elements with current technology; the limit could be anywhere between element 120 and 124. it will also likely be far more difficult to synthesize than the elements known so far up to 118, and still more difficult than elements 1...	wikipedia
827a35fc975c64b832767f04e2d0468644c82893	unbiunium, also known as eka-actinium or element 121,	unbiunium, also known as eka-actinium or element 121, is a hypothetical chemical element; it has symbol ubu and atomic number 121. unbiunium and ubu are the temporary systematic iupac name and symbol respectively, which are used until the element is discovered, confirmed, and a permanent name is decided upon. in the pe...	wikipedia
403f18aaa30577348c2db767a32301afcdd88392	joseph douglas terwilliger is an american geneticist and	joseph douglas terwilliger is an american geneticist and professor of neurobiology at the columbia university medical center and the new york state psychiatric institute. in addition to his scientific research, he is known for accompanying retired basketball player dennis rodman on his visits to north korea, where he h...	wikipedia
c8cc362010a7808e45db9953383e19b2963296de	a tuba player, terwilliger received his bachelor's degree	a tuba player, terwilliger received his bachelor's degree from the peabody conservatory of music. after receiving his bachelor's, terwilliger moved to new york city to look for a job in music, but later found himself drawn to a graduate school program in genetics and development at columbia university medical center. h...	wikipedia
403f18aaa30577348c2db767a32301afcdd88392	joseph douglas terwilliger is an american geneticist and	joseph douglas terwilliger is an american geneticist and professor of neurobiology at the columbia university medical center and the new york state psychiatric institute. in addition to his scientific research, he is known for accompanying retired basketball player dennis rodman on his visits to north korea, where he h...	wikipedia
d6dbf786d7000896e93c3db038e053e19c657fd1	aram arutyunov is a russian mathematician, professor, dr.sc.,	aram arutyunov is a russian mathematician, professor, dr.sc., a professor at the faculty of computer science at the moscow state university and the peoples' friendship university of russia. he defended the thesis «perturbation of optimal control problems and necessary conditions for the extremum of the first and second...	wikipedia
d5483e1fb066f256f81ea9ca022364de9cd6af27	he defended the thesis «perturbation of optimal control	he defended the thesis «perturbation of optimal control problems and necessary conditions for the extremum of the first and second order» for the degree of doctor of physical and mathematical sciences (1988). and was awarded the title of professor (1991). he has authored seven books and 318 scientific articles.	wikipedia
05c5cbaf51ce634c67632cafe5f040244d41de13	aram arutyunov (russian: Ара́м Влади́мирович Арутю́нов) (born 1956)	aram arutyunov (russian: Ара́м Влади́мирович Арутю́нов) (born 1956) is a russian mathematician, professor, dr.sc., a professor at the faculty of computer science at the moscow state university and the peoples' friendship university of russia.	wikipedia
6bab104e876e2eac1b68f7c3680f53a60e7b1024	rydahl started the 2022–23 season with the rangers'	rydahl started the 2022–23 season with the rangers' american hockey league affiliate, the hartford wolf pack, but was called up to the rangers on january 5, 2023. he did not play in the rangers' january 5 game and was returned to hartford afterward. rydahl contributed with seven goals and 15 points through 40 games wit...	wikipedia
b06fa5f33f31ce99054f8afadd1879ec288be82d	having claimed the swedish championship with färjestad bk	having claimed the swedish championship with färjestad bk in the 2021–22 season, rydahl left the shl as a free agent and was signed to a one-year, $750,000 contract with the new york rangers of the nhl on june 13, 2022.	wikipedia
f3492e0bf6a057862659efd78c59fa984eb68361	rydahl signed with the växjö lakers in 2014	rydahl signed with the växjö lakers in 2014 and helped the team win the swedish championship his first year, making 62 shl appearances with five goals that season. after two years with the lakers, he agreed to terms with fellow shl outfit luleå hf in may 2016.	wikipedia
2623ff8a52f49640801bdd6bbac9415cf266eed5	rydahl played in the youth ranks with färjestads	rydahl played in the youth ranks with färjestads bk before moving to frölunda hc in 2011. he made his elitserien debut on october 9, 2012, at timrå ik. he scored his first elitserien goal on january 12, 2013, against hv71's gustaf wesslau in a 3–4 shootout loss in scandinavium.	wikipedia
ed0794c2ce1b538e88a80c159a591994b85d352d	venkatesh kumar r kodur is a scientist and	venkatesh kumar r kodur is a scientist and university professor, currently at michigan state university. he was born in kodur village in karnataka india, received his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the university visveswaraya college of engineering, bangalore, india, in 1984. he received his m.sc. and ph.d...	wikipedia
c131d5ba3e54a2073721903438ba0803b9303d82	venkatesh kumar r kodur is a scientist and	ur has advised around 25 postdoctoral researchers, 26 phd students, 25 ms students and number of undergraduate students over the last 20 years. many of his (former) phd and postdoctoral students are currently faculty members in reputed universities throughout the world. dr. kodur, together with his students and collabo...	wikipedia
6f261e57e704c2274e47da2564a17e9dce381f9b	he has been elected as fellow of seven	he has been elected as fellow of seven institutes/academies: canadian academy of engineering, royal society of canada, american society of civil engineers, indian national academy of engineering, structural engineering institute, american concrete institute and the society of fire protection engineers. he is a professi...	wikipedia
eba5911b71e45c65f52784fc5add1d9c5eafb573	kodur has advised around 25 postdoctoral researchers, 26	kodur has advised around 25 postdoctoral researchers, 26 phd students, 25 ms students and number of undergraduate students over the last 20 years. many of his (former) phd and postdoctoral students are currently faculty members in reputed universities throughout the world. dr. kodur, together with his students and coll...	wikipedia
12fac6c5ab58c490e36e533e04343e9d84f9a75b	kodur's research has focused on the experimental behavior	kodur's research has focused on the experimental behavior and analytical modeling of structural systems under extreme fire conditions, constitutive modelling of material properties at elevated temperatures, fire resistance design of structural systems, application of ai/ml techniques, and building collapse investigatio...	wikipedia
aa4e434d8ced9e4e2b28efcacbd9b1cb32d807b2	venkatesh kumar r kodur is a scientist and	venkatesh kumar r kodur is a scientist and university professor, currently at michigan state university. he was born in kodur village in karnataka india, received his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the university visveswaraya college of engineering, bangalore, india, in 1984. he received his m.sc. and ph.d...	wikipedia
d345e7d4d41de081b41f06dfdfa7285c734cb8d0	nigella sativa is an annual flowering plant in	nigella sativa is an annual flowering plant in the family ranunculaceae, native to eastern europe and western asia, but naturalized over a much wider area, including parts of europe, northern africa and east to myanmar. it is used as a spice in many cuisines.	wikipedia
b9b7dcc8bed6894465abf49ce61f8b7ac588fafd	one meta-analysis of clinical trials found weak evidence	one meta-analysis of clinical trials found weak evidence that n. sativa has a short-term benefit on lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure. a 2016 review indicated that n. sativa supplementation may lower total cholesterol, ldl, and triglyceride levels.	wikipedia
f09916027896dc7e89e5049837c9faadcad5b7c3	oils are 32% to 40% of the total	oils are 32% to 40% of the total composition of n. sativa seeds. n. sativa oil contains linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and trans - anethole, and other minor constituents, such as nigellicine, nigellidine, nigellimine, and nigellimine n-oxide. aromatics include thymoquinone, dihydrothymoquinone, p -cymene, ca...	wikipedia
0055f39f43a55cd5a10b49dc4550a7a12a16c3e2	n. sativa may have been used as a	n. sativa may have been used as a condiment of the old world to flavour food. the muslim physician avicenna described n. sativa as a treatment for dyspnea in his the canon of medicine. n. sativa was used in the middle east as a traditional medicine.	wikipedia
3e23774e3b85405fe20ae760f4f3342425522b0b	archaeological evidence about the earliest cultivation of n.	archaeological evidence about the earliest cultivation of n. sativa dates back three millennia, with n. sativa seeds found in several sites from ancient egypt, including the tomb of tutankhamun. seeds were found in a hittite flask in turkey from the second millennium bc.	wikipedia
b930afa21713a6eb433d409a22782ac92146b28e	the dry-roasted seeds flavour curries, vegetables, and pulses.	the dry-roasted seeds flavour curries, vegetables, and pulses. they can be used as a seasoning in recipes with pod fruit, vegetables, salads, and poultry. in some cultures, the black seeds are used to flavour bread products. they are used as a part of the spice mixture panch phoron (meaning a mixture of five spices) in...	wikipedia
7dd6feea63e1ef50f485939ce02a1282d43eb0fd	n. sativa grows to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in)	n. sativa grows to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) tall, with finely divided, linear (but not thread-like) leaves. the flowers are delicate, and usually coloured pale blue and white, with five to ten petals. the fruit is a large and inflated capsule composed of three to seven united follicles, each containing numerous seeds whi...	wikipedia
e7887ae566594ff3ea2e1726afe7317c734347b4	in english, nigella sativa and its seed are	in english, nigella sativa and its seed are variously called black caraway, black seed, black cumin, fennel flower, nigella, nutmeg flower, roman coriander, black onion seed and kalonji.	wikipedia
abbc3cf40d0f9f8e6c0f8b7e6a54e5621c5ec62b	nigella sativa (black caraway, also known as black	nigella sativa (black caraway, also known as black cumin, nigella, kalonji, charnushka) is an annual flowering plant in the family ranunculaceae, native to eastern europe (bulgaria and romania) and western asia (cyprus, turkey, iran and iraq), but naturalized over a much wider area, including parts of europe, northern ...	wikipedia