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2d1fc658ef90c97d9f997181a70dde4c21bc7791
at the beginning of 1921, there was a
at the beginning of 1921, there was a meeting with satpayev geologist m. a. usov, who arrived in bayanaul on kumiss. usov managed to interest the youth in geology, and in the same year, kanysh satpayev voluntarily left his post of national judges, being admitted to the tomsk technological institute (now tomsk polytechn...
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b9d25f25770f9c3e11830d11254741c310851bb6
in 1920, satpayev was appointed the first chairman
in 1920, satpayev was appointed the first chairman in bayanaul kazkultprosveta (department for the cultural and educational work among the working people), created with the strengthening of the soviet power. at the same time by the decision of the revolutionary committee of pavlodar, he was appointed a national judge o...
wikipedia
e51b7821b588ee71efea938bffc8b3cc73b30453
the work and training had to be postponed
the work and training had to be postponed due to the worsening of tuberculosis. for almost a year satpayev stayed in his native village, taking treatment and recuperating. doctors believed that he would never be able to continue his studies, and could only live in his native village, in the open air, taking kumiss.
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858021224d3c8db2d7b6aff266428aea1adee2a4
kanysh imantaevich intended to continue his studies to
kanysh imantaevich intended to continue his studies to obtain higher education, but people with a certificate from seminary were accepted in high schools only if they passed the exam in mathematics and a foreign language. the next year and a half satpayev was preparing for admission to the tomsk technological institute...
wikipedia
7fca400acdcb36f79ee673317b7c85c6dc711d32
from 1909 to 1911, he studied at the
from 1909 to 1911, he studied at the satpayev kanysh aul school. in 1911 he entered the russian-kazakh school in the city of pavlodar, where he graduated in 1914 with honors. after graduating from college kanysh satpayev, despite the objections of imant's father he went to study at the teachers' seminary in semipalatin...
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6f7b1c4bc535679bc9c5edfdd99df2608d667620
satbayev was born in what is today bayanaul
satbayev was born in what is today bayanaul district, in pavlodar region; at the time it was in the pavlodar district of the semipalatinsk region of the kazakhstan. satbayev's interest in geology was sparked in childhood by tomsk geologist mikhail usov. he was the youngest child: he had a brother and sister.
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8d217c4e12e560d5fb9de1442331f3affd78378f
he was a doctor of geological and mineralogical
he was a doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences (1942), professor (1950), academy of sciences of the kazakh ssr (1946), member of the ussr academy of sciences (1946), and the first president of the academy of sciences of the kazakh ssr. he is famous as the geologist who discovered the ulutau-dzhezkazgan copper...
wikipedia
7fa305037fa7f6067977599f221ce22e98fa6cec
kanysh imantayuli satbayev (kazakh: Қаныш Имантайұлы Сәтбаев, qanyş
kanysh imantayuli satbayev (kazakh: Қаныш Имантайұлы Сәтбаев, qanyş İmantaiūly sätbaev; russian: Каны́ш Иманта́евич Сатпа́ев, kanysh imantaevich satpaev) (april 11, 1899 – january 31, 1964) was a kazakh professor, geologist and one of the founders of soviet metallogeny (specifically the kazakhstani school) and the prin...
wikipedia
3a88b2f27186cdb6e0d13e1d78282530c40b30ad
katrina colleton is an american former professional basketball
katrina colleton is an american former professional basketball player who played 4 season in the wnba. she played two seasons for the los angeles sparks then after sitting out the entire 1999 season, played two seasons for the miami sol.
wikipedia
7df59ee97cfc0a2c10a18709ecd34c63f072c679
before the 2002 season started, colleton was traded
before the 2002 season started, colleton was traded to the portland fire along with her teammate marla brumfield in exchange for vanessa nygaard on may 22, 2002. however, colleton would immediately get waived by portland two days later on may 24. brumfield herself would be waived by portland on june 6 and completely mi...
wikipedia
f7b744a5d8bdb9dea7fd6399a5bdf9a5b43f099c
the next season (2001) ended up being colleton's
the next season (2001) ended up being colleton's final season in the wnba. she only played 14 games and averaged 8.6 minutes, 1.9 points and 0.5 rebounds. this time around, the sol would make the playoffs after finishing 20 - 12 but would be eliminated in the first round by the liberty in 3 games (2 - 1). game 3 of tha...
wikipedia
8f261220d40aeb96c42726c75d2d3fc040cde950
after sitting out the entire 1999 season, colleton
after sitting out the entire 1999 season, colleton would sign with the miami sol and instantly become one of the team's best players (even being nicknamed tree by her teammates due to her long arms). she increased her productivity from her sophomore slump, averaging 8.3 points and 2 rebounds in 27.3 minutes per game. s...
wikipedia
6da24d413b33d7577f9f75e20a0ffb4123925032
colleton was selected with the 19th overall pick
colleton was selected with the 19th overall pick by the sparks in the 1997 wnba draft. her debut game was played on june 21, 1997 in a 57 - 67 loss to the new york liberty where she recorded 2 points, 4 rebounds and 3 steals. colleton played her first two seasons with the sparks but had a dip in productivity in her sec...
wikipedia
1fdf827849ef080a70786f72304b1614cc741472
katrina colleton (born march 17, 1971) is an
katrina colleton (born march 17, 1971) is an american former professional basketball player who played 4 season in the wnba. she played two seasons for the los angeles sparks (1997 and 1998) then after sitting out the entire 1999 season, played two seasons for the miami sol (2000 and 2001).
wikipedia
5c3021e8c48689500e8f8b46b375cd93f8f805cc
the sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted na+/ca2+ exchanger, exchange
the sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted na+/ca2+ exchanger, exchange protein, or ncx) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. it uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (na+) by allowing na+ to flow down its gradient across the plasma membrane in exchange ...
wikipedia
ad4d5c3e2764716c51940fb4a87dbdb13b21afaf
in 1968, h reuter and n seitz published
in 1968, h reuter and n seitz published findings that, when na is removed from the medium surrounding a cell, the efflux of ca is inhibited, and they proposed that there might be a mechanism for exchanging the two ions. in 1969, a group led by pf baker that was experimenting using squid axons published a finding that p...
wikipedia
427793a3481a9d3b66af00cbfdd901bfed89ec7b
based on secondary structure and hydrophobicity predictions, ncx
based on secondary structure and hydrophobicity predictions, ncx was initially predicted to have 9 transmembrane helices. the family is believed to have arisen from a gene duplication event, due to apparent pseudo-symmetry within the primary sequence of the transmembrane domain. inserted between the pseudo-symmetric ha...
wikipedia
8dbb539cf4f31f8b139cf7e6948e187c11b5ad99
while the exchanger normally works in the ca
while the exchanger normally works in the ca efflux position (with the exception of early in the action potential), certain conditions can abnormally switch the exchanger to the reverse (ca influx, na efflux) position. listed below are several cellular and pharmaceutical conditions in which this happens.
wikipedia
8eb8cdf23dac554e8b47281d71c3fa5eb95c74d6
the ability for the na /ca exchanger to
the ability for the na /ca exchanger to reverse direction of flow manifests itself during the cardiac action potential. due to the delicate role that ca plays in the contraction of heart muscles, the cellular concentration of ca is carefully controlled. during the resting potential, the na /ca exchanger takes advantage...
wikipedia
d468a9f574c60ce8a423b1bad6670625080c6009
since the transport is electrogenic (alters the membrane
since the transport is electrogenic (alters the membrane potential), depolarization of the membrane can reverse the exchanger's direction if the cell is depolarized enough, as may occur in excitotoxicity. in addition, as with other transport proteins, the amount and direction of transport depends on transmembrane subst...
wikipedia
1566c2bd6ca5da7f40e1146bc76006125be6bb15
the exchanger is also implicated in the cardiac
the exchanger is also implicated in the cardiac electrical conduction abnormality known as delayed afterdepolarization. it is thought that intracellular accumulation of ca causes the activation of the na /ca exchanger. the result is a brief influx of a net positive charge (remember 3 na in, 1 ca out), thereby causing c...
wikipedia
7bbf4949c8b6bd4d4a5a8051f90e591c246cc549
the sodium–calcium exchanger is only one of the
the sodium–calcium exchanger is only one of the systems by which the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium ions in the cell is kept low. the exchanger does not bind very tightly to ca (has a low affinity), but it can transport the ions rapidly (has a high capacity), transporting up to five thousand ca ions per second. t...
wikipedia
a138c75fa6ad24759d42ebb137c1d1a1d69a9b7b
the sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted na /ca exchanger,
the sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted na /ca exchanger, exchange protein, or ncx) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. it uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (na) by allowing na to flow down its gradient across the plasma membrane in exchange for ...
wikipedia
3c7a9133a95b9d0c9f1d23bd5e58974f3aef0d34
george gamow was a soviet and american polymath,
george gamow was a soviet and american polymath, theoretical physicist and cosmologist. he was an early advocate and developer of lemaître's big bang theory. gamow discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay by quantum tunneling, invented the liquid drop model and the first mathematical model of the atomic nucl...
wikipedia
97113846f26fab4a238d0d2222c5e97062f09d3a
a collection of gamow's writings was donated to
a collection of gamow's writings was donated to the george washington university in 1996. the materials include correspondence, articles, manuscripts and printed materials both by and about george gamow. the collection is currently under the care of gwu's special collections research center, located in the estelle and ...
wikipedia
bb5843b6928de3e3e2473890080f31ff19a9b668
before his death, gamow was working with richard
before his death, gamow was working with richard blade on a textbook basic theories in modern physics, but the work was never completed or published under that title. gamow was also writing my world line: an informal autobiography, which was published posthumously in 1970.
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cab5a7b941b72e2959addedd08ffff666904d410
in 1956, he was awarded the kalinga prize
in 1956, he was awarded the kalinga prize by unesco for his work in popularizing science with his mr. tompkins... series of books (1939–1967), his book one, two, three...infinity, and other works.
wikipedia
9cd0c3063f85822daafae12a25b06200753e523a
his book, the creation of the universe, was
his book, the creation of the universe, was first published in 1952, concluding: "it took less than an hour to make all the atoms in the universe, a few hundred million years to make the stars and planets but three billion years to make man."
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5ba958f31d16e16658d5b89fe5b5a02afcfc7d48
whereas we may be able to study the
whereas we may be able to study the forms of life that may have developed on mars and venus (the best "inhabitable" planets of the solar system) in the not too distant future by means of an adventuresome trip to these planets on a "nuclear power propelled space ship," the question about the possible existence and the f...
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9b8f6f3fb1a90827d3de4f86a244edeeacb14059
in 1946 gamow was a proponent of human
in 1946 gamow was a proponent of human spaceflight propelled by atomic energy. "we may prepare ourselves for a trip to the moon and to various planets of our solar system in a comfortable rocketship driven by atomic power." he also wrote "the ordinary chemical fuels which could be used in the motor of such a rocketship...
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42116903298bf4d3d916d317080c4d75f98958a8
gamow was a highly successful science writer, with
gamow was a highly successful science writer, with several of his books still in print more than a half-century after their initial publication. as an educator, gamow recognized and emphasized fundamental principles that were unlikely to become obsolete, even as the pace of science and technology accelerated. he also c...
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e25f6b91660eb674bf7fb03ffa555af4d2300d32
gamow was a well-known prankster, who delighted in
gamow was a well-known prankster, who delighted in practical jokes and humorous twists embedded in serious scientific publications. his most famous prank was the pioneering alpher–bethe–gamow paper (1948), which was serious in its style and content. however, gamow could not resist adding his colleague hans bethe to the...
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316ef85ee80efbd33a3351260fca6c7d3b0d489d
on august 19, 1968, gamow died at age
on august 19, 1968, gamow died at age 64 in boulder, colorado, and was buried there in green mountain cemetery. the physics department tower at the university of colorado at boulder is named after him.
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2581380987d4317a1c84d454fa48b7e7dd3012b2
in a letter written to ralph alpher on
in a letter written to ralph alpher on august 18, he had written, "the pain in the abdomen is unbearable and does not stop". prior to this, there had been a long exchange of letters with his former student, in which he was seeking a fresh understanding of some concepts used in his earlier work, with paul dirac. gamow r...
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37e1802354ed0730d497e136bf80e69857d9350f
gamow continued his teaching at the university of
gamow continued his teaching at the university of colorado boulder and focused increasingly on writing textbooks and books on science for the general public. after several months of ill health, surgeries on his circulatory system, diabetes, and liver problems, gamow was dying from liver failure, which he had called the...
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9b742967a3c5ef34075b45a2446c19483c006ec9
in his 1961 book the atom and its
in his 1961 book the atom and its nucleus, gamow proposed representing the periodic system of the chemical elements as a continuous tape, with the elements in order of atomic number wound round in a three-dimensional helix whose diameter increased stepwise (corresponding to the longer rows of the conventional periodic ...
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61a6b039fc543c5c390a24eeadfc454740cfbc52
in 1959, gamow, hans bethe, and victor weisskopf
in 1959, gamow, hans bethe, and victor weisskopf publicly supported the re-entry of frank oppenheimer into teaching college physics at the university of colorado, as the red scare began to fade (j. robert oppenheimer was the older brother of frank oppenheimer, and both of them had worked on the manhattan project before...
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d1d29cad2bf879cad81ac597443096507a93f6b7
gamow worked at george washington university from 1934
gamow worked at george washington university from 1934 until 1954, when he became a visiting professor at the university of california, berkeley. in 1956, he moved to the university of colorado boulder, where he remained for the rest of his career. in 1956, gamow became one of the founding members of the physical scien...
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33f9dc66bd3cb8eb388568b78537480e00763457
in 1954, gamow and watson co-founded the rna
in 1954, gamow and watson co-founded the rna tie club. this was a discussion group of leading scientists concerned with the problem of the genetic code, which counted among its members the physicists edward teller and richard feynman. in his autobiographical writings, watson later acknowledged the great importance of g...
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8bee1e5e3e1b34583e7ede7e67c4a2dc27215292
the specific system that gamow was proposing (called
the specific system that gamow was proposing (called "gamow's diamonds") proved to be incorrect. the triplets were supposed to be overlapping, so that in the sequence ggac (for example), gga could produce one amino acid and gac another, and also non-degenerate (meaning that each amino acid would correspond to one combi...
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f98dc327d43016889528cb046e8bc4b13033ad5f
in 1953, francis crick, james watson, maurice wilkins
in 1953, francis crick, james watson, maurice wilkins and rosalind franklin discovered the double helix structure of the dna macromolecule. gamow attempted to solve the problem of how the ordering of four different bases (adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine) in dna chains might control the synthesis of proteins from...
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e248e22d8bb220ce9c8947d94fef45351176d2da
in 1967, he published reminiscences and recapitulation of
in 1967, he published reminiscences and recapitulation of his own work as well as the work of alpher and robert herman (both with gamow and also independently of him). this was prompted by the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation by penzias and wilson in 1965; gamow, alpher, and herman felt that they ...
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fe1ed14baa86d1fdbd26944971f82deea9594c27
in 1948, he published a paper dealing with
in 1948, he published a paper dealing with an attenuated version of the coupled set of equations describing the production of the proton and the deuteron from thermal neutrons. by means of a simplification and using the observed ratio of hydrogen to heavier elements, he was able to obtain the density of matter at the o...
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a5c665ce2ee35490c719c4088d660033cae237ad
at first, gamow believed that all the elements
at first, gamow believed that all the elements might be produced in the very high temperature and density early stage of the universe. later, he revised this opinion on the strength of compelling evidence advanced by fred hoyle and others, that elements heavier than lithium are largely produced in thermonuclear reactio...
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cc7b66fc92fb6aa670716f3dfd523fa03d8f6500
gamow's interest in cosmology arose from his earlier
gamow's interest in cosmology arose from his earlier interest in energy generation and element production and transformation in stars. this work, in turn, evolved from his fundamental discovery of quantum tunneling as the mechanism of nuclear alpha decay, and his application of this theory to the inverse process to cal...
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bfee1d66f49f96cd83c0ad8bed36de8933e21bc2
gamow's work led the development of the hot
gamow's work led the development of the hot "big bang" theory of the expanding universe. he was the earliest to employ alexander friedmann 's and georges lemaître 's non-static solutions of einstein's gravitational equations describing a universe of uniform matter density and constant spatial curvature. gamow's crucial...
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b67234289c0b12444280f70e12fc0943ff2d709b
gamow was interested in the processes of stellar
gamow was interested in the processes of stellar evolution and the early history of the solar system. in 1945, he co-authored a paper supporting work by german theoretical physicist carl friedrich von weizsäcker on planetary formation in the early solar system. gamow published another paper in the british journal natur...
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6d22dd0dbb3970e755f8e62b11e67a6eb19ce669
in 1935, gamow's son, igor gamow was born
in 1935, gamow's son, igor gamow was born (in a 1947 book, gamow's dedication was "to my son igor, who would rather be a cowboy"). george gamow became a naturalized american in 1940. he retained his formal association with gwu until 1956.
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bb4014f82bc93fe01e878418fb3fae518ed714a1
in 1934, gamow and his wife moved to
in 1934, gamow and his wife moved to the united states. he became a professor at george washington university (gwu) in 1934 and recruited physicist edward teller from london to join him at gwu. in 1936, gamow and teller published what became known as the " gamow–teller selection rule " for beta decay. during his time i...
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fb44cb4258297f01c6ddcea20eb37a5c63ecf19e
in 1933, gamow was suddenly granted permission to
in 1933, gamow was suddenly granted permission to attend the 7th solvay conference on physics, in brussels. he insisted on having his wife accompany him, even saying that he would not go alone. eventually the soviet authorities relented and issued passports for the couple. the two attended and arranged to extend their ...
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cd74052d3a75f9b8e513c33cadad565f73fd4e5a
gamow later said that his first two attempts
gamow later said that his first two attempts to defect with his wife were in 1932 and involved trying to kayak: first a planned 250-kilometer paddle over the black sea to turkey, and another attempt from murmansk to norway. poor weather foiled both attempts, but they had not been noticed by the authorities.
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096f7a1e844771ec6d521e1acfcd08fed26c03a2
gamow worked at a number of soviet establishments
gamow worked at a number of soviet establishments before deciding to flee the soviet union because of increased oppression. in 1931, he was officially denied permission to attend a scientific conference in italy. also in 1931, he married lyubov vokhmintseva (russian: Любовь Вохминцева), another physicist in the soviet ...
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ef8e525246517c3c292043693e6934d072fe3e58
classically, the particle is confined to the nucleus
classically, the particle is confined to the nucleus because of the high energy requirement to escape the very strong nuclear potential well. also classically, it takes an enormous amount of energy to pull apart the nucleus, an event that would not occur spontaneously. in quantum mechanics, however, there is a probabil...
wikipedia
127fd49a72ed6097510c0b59f9ae9f032161f40c
in the early 20th century, radioactive materials were
in the early 20th century, radioactive materials were known to have characteristic exponential decay rates, or half-lives. at the same time, radiation emissions were known to have certain characteristic energies. by 1928, gamow in göttingen had solved the theory of the alpha decay of a nucleus via tunnelling, with math...
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1878cacbe9c26351470ed05a8519b8994cc1a1d3
in 1931, gamow was elected a corresponding member
in 1931, gamow was elected a corresponding member of the academy of sciences of the ussr at age 28 – one of the youngest in its history. during the period 1931–1933, gamow worked in the physical department of the radium institute (leningrad) headed by vitaly khlopin. europe's first cyclotron was designed under the guid...
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8d1f42ee18d1eef9c4432d7dcfd93abe27e0177d
upon graduation, he worked on quantum theory in
upon graduation, he worked on quantum theory in göttingen, where his research into the atomic nucleus provided the basis for his doctorate. he then worked at the theoretical physics institute of the university of copenhagen from 1928 to 1931, with a break to work with ernest rutherford at the cavendish laboratory in ca...
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dd3174be9677d69c53330fc7fa40dfd9d7c7c925
he was educated at the institute of physics
he was educated at the institute of physics and mathematics in odessa (1922–23) and at the university of leningrad (1923–1929). gamow studied under alexander friedmann in leningrad, until friedmann's early death in 1925, which required him to change dissertation advisors. at the university, gamow made friends with thre...
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d0a133720af82fd97924e9e3fdf51a170df3d131
gamow was born in odessa, russian empire (now
gamow was born in odessa, russian empire (now odesa, ukraine). his father taught russian language and literature in high school, and his mother taught geography and history at a school for girls. in addition to russian, gamow learned to speak some french from his mother and german from a tutor. gamow learned english in...
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899cca0da3b43d3bd1e02a7a80360aaad7aa3edf
in his middle and late career, gamow directed
in his middle and late career, gamow directed much of his attention to teaching and wrote popular books on science, including one two three... infinity and the mr tompkins series of books (1939–1967). some of his books remain in print more than a half-century after their original publication.
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5d8a19250f1b2f3057b32cac4fa3ab8c6f9dc16b
george gamow (sometimes gammoff; born georgiy antonovich gamov;
george gamow (sometimes gammoff; born georgiy antonovich gamov; ukrainian: Георгій Антонович Гамов; 4 march 1904 – 19 august 1968) was a soviet and american polymath, theoretical physicist and cosmologist. he was an early advocate and developer of lemaître 's big bang theory. gamow discovered a theoretical explanation ...
wikipedia
7538cb46bb8ffeadf46949be981f524d91554d9b
the canal derby is a football match between
the canal derby is a football match between the egyptian clubs al-masry sc and ismaily sc. it is a match between arguably the two biggest and most popular clubs in the suez canal region in egypt. al-masry sc is located in port said while ismaily sc is based in ismailia. usually the derby is played twice each season wit...
wikipedia
7ed220b12003942dbb94ebc31343e09ab9506d76
despite some sporadic clashes that may take place
despite some sporadic clashes that may take place between fans during their matches, both sides have good relations in general due to the common history, strong social relations between the residents of their cities and the unity of the two clubs and their fans against the hegemony of the biggest two clubs in egypt (al...
wikipedia
555e0343c06afc0e74b03ab33c5293d24b76f7a6
the largest winning margin in this derby was
the largest winning margin in this derby was 7–2 for al-masry in 1934 sultan hussien cup quarter final and also 6–1 for al-masry in 1944 egypt cup quarter final, meanwhile the largest winning margin in the league matches was 5–0 for ismaily in 1997–98 egyptian premier league.
wikipedia
5c5c476be049b00928cfa0ec5dddb946e6196295
the canal derby (arabic: ديربي القناة) is a
the canal derby (arabic: ديربي القناة) is a football match between the egyptian clubs al-masry sc and ismaily sc. it is a match between arguably the two biggest and most popular clubs in the suez canal region in egypt. al-masry sc is located in port said while ismaily sc is based in ismailia. usually the derby is playe...
wikipedia
b75f181d2f817ab73d6bec5838556f8326521968
arvid söderblom is a swedish professional ice hockey
arvid söderblom is a swedish professional ice hockey goaltender for the chicago blackhawks of the national hockey league (nhl). he previously played in the swedish hockey league (shl) for frölunda hc and skellefteå aik.
wikipedia
b5c3b1ad69085c6c1af328ee19b6a14f15ba0f7e
on 1 january 2022, söderblom made his nhl
on 1 january 2022, söderblom made his nhl debut in a game against the nashville predators. he allowed three goals on 18 shots in a 6–1 loss. on 2 january, he made his home debut in a game against the calgary flames. he allowed four goals on 41 shots in a 5–1 loss.
wikipedia
31cd54a30a64bdea5890ed7735073a2d449ff105
arvid söderblom (born 19 august 1999) is a
arvid söderblom (born 19 august 1999) is a swedish professional ice hockey goaltender for the chicago blackhawks of the national hockey league (nhl). he previously played in the swedish hockey league (shl) for frölunda hc and skellefteå aik.
wikipedia
b236fd55b90e3ac026ba1c3eefbc3a987e084ff5
in condensed matter physics, the laughlin wavefunction is
in condensed matter physics, the laughlin wavefunction is an ansatz, proposed by robert laughlin for the ground state of a two-dimensional electron gas placed in a uniform background magnetic field in the presence of a uniform jellium background when the filling factor of the lowest landau level is ν = 1 / n where n is...
wikipedia
cdcfd924305dc6f8c2ed56eb01c58efc31cba036
where m {\displaystyle m} is a confluent hypergeometric
where m {\displaystyle m} is a confluent hypergeometric function and j 0 {\displaystyle {\mathcal {j}}_{0}} is a bessel function of the first kind. here, r 12 {\displaystyle r_{12}} is the distance between the centers of two current loops, e {\displaystyle e} is the magnitude of the electron charge, r b = 2 l b {\displ...
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d02525df7ec15c20364d42fc1e720ee0d032f53f
consider n = 3 {\displaystyle n=3} above: resultant
consider n = 3 {\displaystyle n=3} above: resultant Ψ l (z 1, z 2, z 3, …, z n) ∝ Π i < j (z i − z j) 3 {\displaystyle \psi _{l}(z_{1},z_{2},z_{3},\ldots,z_{n})\propto \pi _{i<j}(z_{i}-z_{j})^{3}} is a trial wavefunction; it is not exact, but qualitatively, it reproduces many features of the exact solution and quantita...
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ce451b110a048ef2907d2fb019ac227c76dd56a5
and x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y}
and x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} are coordinates in the x–y plane. here ℏ {\displaystyle \hbar } is the reduced planck constant, e {\displaystyle e} is the electron charge, n {\displaystyle n} is the total number of particles, and b {\displaystyle b} is the magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the x...
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a8200c7629260f8b4a20eea36cb1ff2f14022bf4
if we ignore the jellium and mutual coulomb
if we ignore the jellium and mutual coulomb repulsion between the electrons as a zeroth order approximation, we have an infinitely degenerate lowest landau level (lll) and with a filling factor of 1/ n, we'd expect that all of the electrons would lie in the lll. turning on the interactions, we can make the approximatio...
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baa90259c10b58a7a7c90a0d0ebe2deb3951da06
in condensed matter physics, the laughlin wavefunction is
in condensed matter physics, the laughlin wavefunction is an ansatz, proposed by robert laughlin for the ground state of a two-dimensional electron gas placed in a uniform background magnetic field in the presence of a uniform jellium background when the filling factor of the lowest landau level is ν = 1 / n {\displays...
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3f5ae1ddc2ef470a0ad4fb78539ec9450d0002f0
he was selected on the list of referees
he was selected on the list of referees for the 2011 fifa u-17 world cup in mexico and the 2012 olympic tournament. he has also officiated in 2010 and 2014 world cup qualifiers, as well as qualifying matches for euro 2008 and euro 2012.
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e2f417fa9d7da9d427defdcbb42cd72e66da3b5d
aldridge currently serves as vice president and general
aldridge currently serves as vice president and general manager of indianwood golf and country club in lake orion, michigan. his father, stan aldridge, had purchased the club in 1981. aldridge worked at the facility through his youth before joining the organization full-time.
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1758f1870578f726a04e42e265e24bb0b6edbc34
aldridge signed with the new york islanders in
aldridge signed with the new york islanders in 2004, a move that reunited him with his college head coach jeff jackson, who had recently joined the islanders staff as an assistant coach. aldridge could not crack the nhl lineup, and he concluded his playing career in the ahl with the bridgeport sound tigers in 2005.
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9e02b6e6b0b55fc934fbb94d0602a1ab0749f79d
in 1997, aldridge signed with his hometown detroit
in 1997, aldridge signed with his hometown detroit vipers of the international hockey league, where he was named an ihl all-star in 1998-99. his impressive play led to a professional contract with the dallas stars of the national hockey league in 1999. although most of his season was spent in the ihl with the affiliate...
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8a8b5199c3283ae6c309419b2b26b195717d92a6
aldridge played college hockey for lake superior state
aldridge played college hockey for lake superior state university of the central collegiate hockey association, and was voted the ccha best offensive defenseman in 1995-96. he was a member of the lakers' ncaa national championship team in 1993-94, and was also named to the all-star tournament first team. aldridge was a...
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8710dc0d3a7ca76aa01811dde501fa2869e9c96e
keith albert aldridge (born july 20, 1973) is
keith albert aldridge (born july 20, 1973) is an american former professional ice hockey defenseman. he played four games in the national hockey league with the dallas stars in the 1999–2000 season.
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bac5c5efc552d0830039b23bf16eb611e912a30b
the 2000–01 wollongong wolves fc season was the
the 2000–01 wollongong wolves fc season was the club's 21st season since its establishment in 1980. the club participated in the national soccer league for the 20th time. they were crowned runners-up in the premiership and the champions of the finals series. they were also champions for the first time of the oceania cl...
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f71ad79c01feb9e1b433309e69cc288cab5f5484
as winners of the 2001 oceania club championship,
as winners of the 2001 oceania club championship, the wollongong wolves was one of the 12 teams that were invited to the 2001 fifa club world championship, which would be hosted in spain from 28 july to 12 august 2001. however, the tournament was cancelled, primarily due to the collapse of isl, which was marketing part...
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bac5c5efc552d0830039b23bf16eb611e912a30b
the 2000–01 wollongong wolves fc season was the
the 2000–01 wollongong wolves fc season was the club's 21st season since its establishment in 1980. the club participated in the national soccer league for the 20th time. they were crowned runners-up in the premiership and the champions of the finals series. they were also champions for the first time of the oceania cl...
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338c5f5188d39fa6961ec83192236e536d9a6919
felony disenfranchisement in florida is currently a contentious
felony disenfranchisement in florida is currently a contentious political issue in florida. though the general principle of felony disenfranchisement is not in dispute, the disenfranchisement of people who had been convicted of a felony and have served their sentence — that includes prison, bail and parole — but contin...
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9835a6e2228603af68df72903d889ad3181ac806
felony disenfranchisement in florida is currently a contentious
presumed, if they were to vote, to be democratic voters. in late september 2020, former new york city mayor michael bloomberg and the florida rights restoration coalition paid the outstanding fines and fees of around 32,000 felons in florida to enable them to vote in the 2020 elections.
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02be8a1f888793b3e5810b525c91e78afbba6cf3
in late september 2020, former new york city
in late september 2020, former new york city mayor michael bloomberg put together a fund of over $16 million to be used towards helping convicted felons vote in florida by paying their outstanding fines and fees. bloomberg's fund as well as $5 million raised by the florida rights restoration coalition paid off outstand...
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6102955fcf351934c6c2f64ed39a31ff3358cdc5
on september 11, 2020 the united states court
on september 11, 2020 the united states court of appeals for the eleventh circuit sitting en banc overturned the lower court ruling, saying that the requirement for felons to pay fines did not violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the united states constitution, in effect again disenfranchi...
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c426e835ce090b2dafb999325ab780ca8f5c5d93
on february 19, 2020, a three-judge panel of
on february 19, 2020, a three-judge panel of the eleventh circuit federal appeals court ruled that it was unconstitutional to require felons to first pay off their financial obligations before being permitted to register to vote. in may 2020, a federal district court judge found that sb7066 was unconstitutional for tho...
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ec4c737a13b4eb4ffb85f923e625792cda97b236
during the november 6, 2018 election, floridians voted
during the november 6, 2018 election, floridians voted 65% in favor of amendment 4, an amendment to the state constitution to automatically restore voting rights to convicted felons who have served their sentences. lifetime bans continued to apply for those convicted of murder or sexual offenses. the amendment went int...
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a568ab84ef541b3646752d2e8a9470a2f83a4b92
on february 1, 2018, federal judge mark e.
on february 1, 2018, federal judge mark e. walker ruled that florida’s process of choosing which people previously convicted of felony crimes should have their voting rights restored was unconstitutional. walker argued that florida’s system for re-enfranchisement is too broad for interpretation. as such, walker claimed...
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552aab3e4b32359ef18c3b5f59f1a61d5910b16a
however, other public officials at the time felt
however, other public officials at the time felt the reform was too lenient on criminals. this reform ultimately allowed over 150,000 people who had been previously convicted of felony crimes to regain the right to vote. in march 2011, republican governor rick scott reversed the 2007 reforms. felons were not able to ap...
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cc07944c6ad1348d65612572f4f6563235a85e3e
on april 5, 2007, florida's republican governor charlie
on april 5, 2007, florida's republican governor charlie crist was able to get legislation passed to enable people previously convicted of felony crimes to regain the right to vote if approved by the parole commission. crist intended this reform to include automatic reinstatement for all people who had been previously c...
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90cb778694fedeb6f5a4e8e81edca8fe3c36953f
on september 22, 2000, the brennan center for
on september 22, 2000, the brennan center for justice represented eight people who had been previously convicted of felony crimes that filed a civil complaint against the state of florida claiming its implementation of felony disenfranchisement violated the federal voting rights act of 1965 as well as the first, fourte...
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cadbef887920f238022c4d1c1518ae9715d3594f
in 1974, the florida legislature passed a bill
in 1974, the florida legislature passed a bill that would allow people who had previously been convicted of a felony to regain the right to vote upon the conclusion of their sentences. however, the supreme court of florida ruled that the bill was unconstitutional because it bypassed the governor’s clemency power. thoug...
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2d12cb19568e8fe5d226d25a980921eb96e19be9
there were no reform efforts of note nor
there were no reform efforts of note nor any changes to the felon voting section of the constitution until 1968, where the section was simplified to include only felonies as reasons to ban criminals from voting; with bribery, perjury, larceny, and infamous crimes being omitted. this version of the law stood until 2007.
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62c506d7ec00bae1b674f3f9ddaa0b2183e74857
during the 1868 state constitutional convention, florida overhauled
during the 1868 state constitutional convention, florida overhauled its constitution, and expanded the felon voting section to say, “nor shall any person convicted of a felony be qualified to vote at any election unless restored to civil rights… the legislature shall have power and shall enact the necessary laws to exc...
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146c43097eb36e976714886bad49885b306bb06b
felony disenfranchisement was introduced in florida in 1838
felony disenfranchisement was introduced in florida in 1838 with the ratification of the first constitution of florida, which stated “laws shall be made by the general assembly, to exclude from office, and from suffrage, those who shall have been or may thereafter be convicted of bribery, perjury, forgery, or other hig...
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0523792ce5b7c62d497c62208d1666f6e7498350
on november 6, 2018, 65% of florida voters
on november 6, 2018, 65% of florida voters approved amendment 4, which automatically restores the voting rights of people convicted of a felony—except murder or sexual offenses —after the completion of their sentences. in july 2019, however, republicans in florida's state legislature enacted senate bill 7066, which req...
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a40c4d9c294bb2efd07411f1890d774ff5a3bf97
felony disenfranchisement in florida is currently a contentious
felony disenfranchisement in florida is currently a contentious political issue in florida. though the general principle of felony disenfranchisement is not in dispute, the disenfranchisement of people who had been convicted of a felony and have served their sentence — that includes prison, bail and parole — but contin...
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0881e3c39cee6918badf9788b6548a8473b6b40b
john barber is an american former professional basketball
john barber is an american former professional basketball player. he played collegiately for california state university, los angeles and was selected by the minneapolis lakers in the 1956 nba draft. barber played for the st. louis hawks in the nba for five games during the 1956–57 season. he is the grandfather of jaso...
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c68d213e28d8c74c9d6da574a4b92488385f078e
barber is also one of 36 american basketball
barber is also one of 36 american basketball players to ever score 100 or more points in a basketball game, and he is the only one to do it three times. barber scored a career high and ncaa record 188 points vs. chapman college in 1953. he also scored 150 points in an exhibition game vs la scribes magazine team, and 10...
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