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e41cf0eebee5ddc31d75577d14b423d56c35a31b
a report is a group of units of
a report is a group of units of knowledge in which the repetition of elements is not allowed. this definition includes any list, poll, ranking, etc.; and, in general, any consultation that involves more than one unit of knowledge. classora excels at the reports management due to its visualization capabilities, being ab...
wikipedia
06d7d42d72646603dd52d3ab04292d2e655c554c
the units of knowledge (also known as entries)
the units of knowledge (also known as entries) in classora are data sheets that have a certain semantic equivalence with the articles on the wikipedia: they store information about any element of the world, be it a film, a country, a company or an animal. however, they differ from wikipedia in that classora stores stru...
wikipedia
531dd0a2a74746f816a22f79e49aa14eb2b26734
internally, classora is organized into knowledge units and
internally, classora is organized into knowledge units and reports. a «knowledge unit» is any element of the world about which information may be stored and presented in the form of a data sheet (a person, a company, a country, etc.) a «report» is a group of knowledge units: a ranking of companies, a sport classificati...
wikipedia
357830b325efc9d24c11c737a593adeac5ecfd92
classora is a knowledge base for the internet
classora is a knowledge base for the internet oriented to data analysis. from a practical point of view, classora is a digital repository that stores structured information and allows it to be displayed in multiple formats: analytically, graphically, geographically (through maps); as well as carry out olap analysis. th...
wikipedia
cc46d7c5bf48f8e001c9fe944e11d4076bcd79dd
born in medellín, augustín cano began his career
born in medellín, augustín cano began his career at atlético nacional, where he joined the youth setup at the age of 12. cano was promoted to first team for the 2020 categoría primera a season. on 6 october 2020, cano committed himself to the atlético nacional, signing a contract until 2023. cano made his debut for the...
wikipedia
8f4b05ece3909e628eb87b8b82fcb3acdf8f7af4
hearne first came to hurling prominence at juvenile
hearne first came to hurling prominence at juvenile and underage levels with the shelmaliers club before eventually joining the club's senior team. his performances during the club's 2020 county championship -winning season earned him the wexford club hurler of the year award. hearne first played at inter-county level ...
wikipedia
161c78182fba0a88579ab72cba0ff4cfd9f08c8d
conor hearne (born 1998) is an irish hurler
conor hearne (born 1998) is an irish hurler who plays for wexford championship club shelmaliers and at inter-county level with the wexford senior hurling team. he usually lines out at midfield.
wikipedia
7dd75ff5c571c6d585033f9fcc026dbfb6f4deb6
in the catalytic mechanism of coq5, based on
in the catalytic mechanism of coq5, based on the structural analyses, as the first step, before methyl transfer, arg201 abstracts a hydrogen from the water molecule, forming a negatively charged oxygen atom which deprotonates the c5 atom of ddmqh2. looking at the ddmqh2 substrate and asn202, the hydroxyl group on the c...
wikipedia
8d43e73e0b4db0e7f8c8b9d38ed48ab60575b677
coq5 is an s-adenosyl methionine (sam)-dependent methyltransferase (sam-mtase)
coq5 is an s-adenosyl methionine (sam)-dependent methyltransferase (sam-mtase) catalyzing the c-methylation step, converting 2-methoxy-6-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (ddmqh) to 2-methoxy-5-methyl-6-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (dmqh) in the coq6 biosynthesis pathway.
wikipedia
8dbfedb85bd42e603e291eaafa76b83183d2cdd1
coq5 has the role of catalyst in the
coq5 has the role of catalyst in the c-methylation in the coenzyme q biosynthesis, on the benzoic ring of coq6, the biosynthetic intermediate, in both in humans and yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. coq5 is one of the eleven polypeptides in yeast, that are essential for q production. moreover, it assembles with the coq-s...
wikipedia
c91e10cd31a1608bd7260f40f7eab6c9616e732a
dr. cecil frederick robertson was an english baptist
dr. cecil frederick robertson was an english baptist missionary and a fellow of the royal college of surgeons of england who helped operate the sianfu (xi'an) hospital, later renamed the jenkins-robertson memorial hospital, in the shaanxi of china. robertson was best known for his treatment of civilians and rebel soldi...
wikipedia
cda9ce36b6cb95b34547e9bb57b65a8316446275
robertson was well-respected by local authorities of both
robertson was well-respected by local authorities of both the imperial and republic governments. upon his death he was given the distinction of a full military funeral by the military governor. after he and dr. jenkins had died, the sianfu hospital was renamed the jenkins-robertson memorial hospital in their honour.
wikipedia
6777410d35c939db042ecbd62d7f28725808b1fe
beyond his work at the sianfu hospital robertson
beyond his work at the sianfu hospital robertson made significant contributions to xi'an during his service, including the establishment of an institute for disabled soldiers, the pity the wounded hospital. he also credited with the success and training of the newly founded red cross league in shaanxi during and after ...
wikipedia
d215e81f908d3f9efb5592f57e9f5b9d92815cfc
on 11 february 1913 robertson received a message
on 11 february 1913 robertson received a message from a missionary in the province of gansu requesting travel aid to bring his two-year-old son to robertson for smallpox treatment. robertson made the four days' to gansu journey himself immediately and arrived in two days. he treated the child, who did not have smallpox...
wikipedia
b5d1f78456565da00d01a8887dac10a2a5cb7d64
in april 1912, the other doctor at the
in april 1912, the other doctor at the sianfu hospital, dr. young, fell ill with appendicitis. robertson operated on young and saw to his recovery while running the hospital himself. in june robertson began working with the governor of the province to set up an institute for disabled soldiers, which was later establish...
wikipedia
468c499342b046e45fbb76ea03897f88d19a3038
in may 1911 dr. jenkins went home on
in may 1911 dr. jenkins went home on furlough, leaving robertson to take charge of the sianfu hospital. in september that year, the missionary received reports of the 1911 chinese revolution beginning. the revolution reached shaanxi on 22 october, leaving approximately 15,000 manchus dead in xi'an. while several missio...
wikipedia
371a6351bf8bd9c0b363e1765a9009c1c5227a86
while at yan'an robertson earned the praise and
while at yan'an robertson earned the praise and recognition of local government officials, including the head mandarin of the prefecture, the prefect, the county magistrate, and the head military mandarin. his relationships with local officials in yan'an prepared him for future interactions with other officials during ...
wikipedia
469057c2eaba182b53a9f20558d0bc5fb1de15be
robertson left xi'an for yan'an in northern shaanxi
robertson left xi'an for yan'an in northern shaanxi on february 1911. at yan'an he underwent six weeks of medical training that prepared him for the remainder of his career as a medical missionary. a baptist missionary society station had been founded there the previous year by rev. and mrs. watson, but it had no docto...
wikipedia
ef6c482a0155fea3eff797657c2d0ac9e2e04ba5
robertson arrived in xi'an in december 1909 and
robertson arrived in xi'an in december 1909 and began working with dr. herbert stanley jenkins, dr. andrew and dr. charlotte young, dr. russell and mrs. j. watson, and reverend a.g. and maud shorrock. during his first year in china, robertson primarily studied chinese and looked after the local boys' school. he saw out...
wikipedia
1e98c9561fd2161ce5a53f198b96bf9d493b0980
in addition to studying theology and medicine, robertson
in addition to studying theology and medicine, robertson prepared for his missionary career by studying chinese at king's college london. he was adopted by the baptist churches of east london, who would support his missionary work. on 12 october 1909 he set sail aboard the prince ludwig, beginning his journey to xi'an,...
wikipedia
7bcab7ca55e2842e176d176732fe0ace19e69317
robertson was the third child of his mother
robertson was the third child of his mother and father, who worked as a bank manager. he had one brother and one sister, grace, who married the presbyterian reverend a.e. hubbard. robertson himself did not marry.
wikipedia
763fa7a47f33a71269e741921787d718eb5a4dd3
robertson began attending the university of london in
robertson began attending the university of london in 1900 and left in 1901 after passing its preliminary scientific (m.b.) examination. in september 1901, robertson entered the middlesex hospital medical school, where he was a brodrip scholar and prizeman. that same year he began studying theology at the regent's park...
wikipedia
3438d544949766dc2c32829e171ea495af96e874
as a child robertson was described as "a
as a child robertson was described as "a bright and happy boy" with a "distinguished career that lay before him." he was enrolled in the mercers' school in september 1895, where he was elected a foundation scholar in 1897. in 1898 he passed the junior cambridge local.
wikipedia
bebad549899c2695d6a992a5e3c41426b1481125
robertson was raised in a religious household. during
robertson was raised in a religious household. during his childhood, robertson's parents had hoped that at least one of their three children would become a missionary. in 1897, at the age of thirteen, he and his brother decided to devote themselves to christianity at christ church under the ministry of f. b. meyer.
wikipedia
fc07666fa67c079fe85f6b201b7a6340c80a4b73
dr. cecil frederick robertson frcs (9 april 1884
dr. cecil frederick robertson frcs (9 april 1884 – 16 march 1913) was an english baptist missionary and a fellow of the royal college of surgeons of england who helped operate the sianfu (xi'an) hospital, later renamed the jenkins-robertson memorial hospital, in the shaanxi of china. robertson was best known for his tr...
wikipedia
73ae4965337b86906e947619e3afd1521a36630f
ai is a female western chimpanzee, currently living
ai is a female western chimpanzee, currently living at the primate research institute of kyoto university. she is the first subject of the ai project, a research program started in 1978 by kiyoko murofushi and tetsuro matsuzawa which is aimed at understanding chimpanzee cognition through computer interface experiments.
wikipedia
1bb5649c4ee8a5778a2b8a855dbc28ad5c3620d2
ai loves to paint and draw –– she
ai loves to paint and draw –– she started drawing at a young age –– and is often brought art materials for free-drawing or painting. she creates art as an end in itself, without a food reward. in 2013 she made a painting that was given to the president of kyoto university; later, in honor of the 40th anniversary of her...
wikipedia
a0c746ee8020cf75e48c3d6f0bf910cd5f92ce00
two almost identical booths are placed side by
two almost identical booths are placed side by side. there is a door between the two booths that can alternately be opened to connect the two areas, closed to separate the two individuals, or positioned half-open to allow the young chimpanzee to crawl from one area to the other while preventing the mother chimpanzee fr...
wikipedia
6dfc31b6a0846e35a92ed97e2a7d4f97311a095a
after ai gave birth to her son, ayumu,
after ai gave birth to her son, ayumu, in 2000, they were placed in a “twin booth” where ayumu could live with ai in one booth but also be exposed to the researcher in the other booth every day, making the researcher an integral part of ayumu’s life and studying him in front of ai, with her implicit approval. matsuzawa...
wikipedia
e4d477a9d0e6506eea11a0a2ac0326d757490f23
in 2000, not long after the birth of
in 2000, not long after the birth of three chimpanzees, ai's group numbered 15; in 2010, there were 14 members. this is similar to the size of some small chimpanzee groups in the wild, where in some places with stable food supplies group size hovers at around 20 chimpanzees. matsuzawa has attempted to blend elements of...
wikipedia
a0c4e47f8dd6cbdc94b2501d958db986729515c7
matsuzawa has written that the difference between the
matsuzawa has written that the difference between the ai project and earlier ape-language studies is that he was less interested in seeing if ai and the other chimpanzees were capable of learning some degree of human language than trying to understand how chimpanzees perceive their surroundings. to study this, the rese...
wikipedia
ae44b630c8c3444cbb516137a04b5df3c5bb1547
ai was born in 1976 (estimated), in the
ai was born in 1976 (estimated), in the guinean forests of west africa. born wild, ai was soon taken into captivity and sold to kupri in 1977 by an animal trader (this type of sale became illegal in 1980 with japan 's ratification of cites). she was the first subject of kupri’s chimpanzee project, which was intended to...
wikipedia
d767c21a89e4d303e1277122b1bd99591278b016
ai (born in 1976, estimated) is a female
ai (born in 1976, estimated) is a female western chimpanzee (pan troglodytes verus), currently living at the primate research institute of kyoto university (acronym kupri). she is the first subject of the ai project, a research program started in 1978 by kiyoko murofushi and tetsuro matsuzawa which is aimed at understa...
wikipedia
501aabd646509b4005d4afb74087ba97b2d6deeb
954 li is a themistian asteroid. it was
954 li is a themistian asteroid. it was discovered by karl wilhelm reinmuth in 1921 and was named after his wife lina alstede reinmuth, who also had 955 alstede named after her. it has the second-shortest name of any minor planet, bested only by 85 io.
wikipedia
5dd8dafe4d463bb4298aa24bf45fba1373297d72
the abc dragonfly was a british radial engine
the abc dragonfly was a british radial engine developed towards the end of the first world war. it was expected to deliver excellent performance for the time and was ordered in very large numbers. it proved, however, to be extremely unreliable and was abandoned when its faults were unable to be corrected.
wikipedia
0551b2cfdff18229ec9002fb2ad652ac771c8468
gunston's observations suggested that it had been as
gunston's observations suggested that it had been as well that the armistice had been signed in 1918, as the only other aero engine still in production at that time was the rolls-royce eagle; all other types having been cancelled in favour of the untested dragonfly.
wikipedia
10b4873b2898f218eaccb00fdb621e83fb23427f
already 30 kg over its designed weight as
already 30 kg over its designed weight as built, dragonfly was subject to severe overheating. gunston referred to it as the worst cooled aero engine ever made. the copper-plated cooling fins proved useless; the cylinder heads tended to glow a dull red at operational speeds, and in extreme cases caused heat damage and e...
wikipedia
197fefcf72c00234aa7895713039ed57338561b2
the engine was described in brief by aviation
the engine was described in brief by aviation journalist bill gunston in his book, 'plane speaking' in the chapter headed, 'cancel the others...' in this he suggested that bradshaw had proved to be a better salesman than a designer, and had proved non-committal when asked about initial testing which was ultimately to r...
wikipedia
07608d30d0a4ab8a964073bd195042236a911c0e
on the basis of the promised performance, sir
on the basis of the promised performance, sir william weir, the director of aeronautical supplies, made the decision to place large orders for the dragonfly. he briefed the british war cabinet in march 1918 on what he considered to be the merits of the design (high power on low weight), and indicated it was the first e...
wikipedia
1a8689f44d6ce03a62c61871baac96b90140a7e9
abc motors was founded in 1911 by granville
abc motors was founded in 1911 by granville bradshaw, who was also the company's chief designer. in 1917, after initial promising tests of the abc wasp air-cooled radial, bradshaw produced a design for a larger and more powerful engine, the nine-cylinder dragonfly. the engine was simple and easy to produce, and was pre...
wikipedia
5dd8dafe4d463bb4298aa24bf45fba1373297d72
the abc dragonfly was a british radial engine
the abc dragonfly was a british radial engine developed towards the end of the first world war. it was expected to deliver excellent performance for the time and was ordered in very large numbers. it proved, however, to be extremely unreliable and was abandoned when its faults were unable to be corrected.
wikipedia
dc308ef3676d2d7b1558af4f9de578c7981d5da8
2905 plaskett, provisional designation 1982 bz2, is a
2905 plaskett, provisional designation 1982 bz2, is a stony gefionian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 24 january 1982, by american astronomer edward bowell at the anderson mesa station near flagstaff, arizona. the asteroid was named a...
wikipedia
f4f84d515678eb357dc2d13c8e42f2111efd783b
this minor planet was named in memory of
this minor planet was named in memory of canadian astronomer john stanley plaskett (1865–1941) and his son harry hemley plaskett (1893–1980). the official naming citation was published by the minor planet center on 10 september 1984 (m.p.c. 9081).
wikipedia
42a1331bd5220f3be82fd5e2536bebad8323815d
plaskett is a member of the gefion family
plaskett is a member of the gefion family (516), a large intermediate belt family, named after 1272 gefion. it orbits the sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.1 au once every 4 years and 8 months (1,716 days; semi-major axis of 2.80 au). its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 9 ° wit...
wikipedia
59d154a0ef5fab462771c86c3c989504af219ba3
2905 plaskett, provisional designation 1982 bz, is a
2905 plaskett, provisional designation 1982 bz, is a stony gefionian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 24 january 1982, by american astronomer edward bowell at the anderson mesa station near flagstaff, arizona. the asteroid was named af...
wikipedia
2eac1d0e906c535f8f8827946a2edeb508300cc1
the 2020–21 cymru north season would have been
the 2020–21 cymru north season would have been the second season of the second-tier northern region football in welsh football pyramid. teams were to play each other twice on a home and away basis. prestatyn town were the defending champions. they were not promoted last season due to the fact that they did not meet faw...
wikipedia
d50417746721cd5fdc34cd719f0b458726bc984b
since anti-covid-19 restrictions were put in place by
since anti-covid-19 restrictions were put in place by faw, as from monday 10 august 2020, clubs could have trained in groups of 15 and contact training was allowed at all-levels of football. however, competitive and exhibition matches were still not allowed to take place. the faw eventually cancelled the 2020–21 season...
wikipedia
acc45897da830568cecd69f2d75c299a6d3d39fa
the professional registration periods for the 2020–21 season
the professional registration periods for the 2020–21 season were as follows:the first period was to open on 27 july 2020 and was to close at midnight on 16 october 2020.dates for the second period were to be confirmed prior to the season's cancellation. summer transfers can be found here.
wikipedia
3bdeff51f1511130003a565083a293a2f8996c0d
rhyl competed in the cymru north league for
rhyl competed in the cymru north league for the 2019–20 season. however, they were wound up on 21 april 2020. a phoenix club was set up the following month with the new name (voted by the fans association) of cpd y rhyl 1879. it was confirmed that the new club has secured the use of the belle vue stadium. therefore, th...
wikipedia
4c6784d477b344900d5991b29d830297739d48c5
prestatyn town were the defending champions. they were
prestatyn town were the defending champions. they were not promoted last season due to the fact that they did not meet faw tier 1 guidelines. second placed flint town united were promoted instead. because of the covid-19 pandemic in wales, this season was cancelled.
wikipedia
e306ae87024541b22134372cabb95367a2342a0b
the 2020 – 21 cymru north season (also
the 2020 – 21 cymru north season (also known as the 2020 – 21 jd cymru north season for sponsorship reasons) would have been the second season of the second-tier northern region football in welsh football pyramid. teams were to play each other twice on a home and away basis.
wikipedia
2b9df66a15a49a294fc5a98d510142666d54df2f
claino con osteno is a comune (municipality) in
claino con osteno is a comune (municipality) in the province of como in the italian region of lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of como. it is a small comune on lake lugano, composed of a series of small frazioni (hamlets): the biggest ones have been chos...
wikipedia
8f81e7f0b37839b103c8b27eeb4292d7603b5a59
claino con osteno (comasco: scin osten) is a
claino con osteno (comasco: scin osten) is a comune (municipality) in the province of como in the italian region of lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of como. it is a small comune on lake lugano, composed of a series of small frazioni (hamlets): the bigge...
wikipedia
765d1d4c82895be06d14c411a8b60716fdb88f1c
criminal justice in new france was integral to
criminal justice in new france was integral to the successful establishment of a french colonial system in north america. new france was no stranger to criminal activity from its very roots. in 1608, shortly after the founding of quebec, samuel de champlain executed jean duvel for allegedly leading a conspiracy against...
wikipedia
cffae7e67cbf826a3d6f056e4b3c754783f5bdb5
an execution was in theory, intended to take
an execution was in theory, intended to take place at the same location that the crime was committed. given the impracticality of this and the reluctance of boatmen to transport a hangman, most executions occurred in québec city - the site of new france 's lone hangman. an individual's status would also influence their...
wikipedia
d8a520a5fa69cfdbada76ca61661731e6e62f34a
the execution rate of those who were convicted
the execution rate of those who were convicted of a capital offense was relatively low. out of 78 convicted offenders, only 41 of them (53%) were eventually put to death. the job of the public executioner was loathed, and often convicted offenders could escape the death penalty if they agreed to take on that role. in 1...
wikipedia
a74ea44d5043e4847505ad0615e039f2a5e49aa8
the amende honorable was a severe form of
the amende honorable was a severe form of punishment in france and new france which required the offender to be stripped naked and led around town by a group of soldiers. the offender would then be adorned with a sign detailing the nature of his crime(s) and was forced to repent to god and the king of france in public....
wikipedia
5d176e7286432540e888b4a6f293dd0a1dfbd7e1
the criminal justice system of new france placed
the criminal justice system of new france placed a large emphasis on deterring crimes and did so in part by implementing exemplary public punishments. apart from public shaming, and sending criminals to the stocks; caning, flogging, branding, and even banishment became the most popular forms of punishment in new france...
wikipedia
1180d7ebb0c2809a794f4aa4e39547d266f228eb
the sale of alcohol to native peoples was
the sale of alcohol to native peoples was prohibited as it was deemed detrimental to the missionary effort. these laws were later amended in 1710 so that a select few establishments could sell natives alcohol under certain conditions: they could not get drunk and must have been supplied with a place to sleep for the ni...
wikipedia
aedf7f27d0a8d3a98e3589ec97ebb2939b92986f
although technically under the jurisdiction of the french,
although technically under the jurisdiction of the french, upon being accused of a crime, most native americans were not punished under french law but were instead handed over to their tribes to be dealt with through aboriginal justice. in regards to native american crime in new france, the aboriginal peoples were ofte...
wikipedia
220a2c0dea699d896c852e16a3b09ce359b2f0e3
desertion was seen as the most serious offense
desertion was seen as the most serious offense a member of the military could commit. it was considered to be most dishonourable as it was seen as not only cowardly but also a refusal to fight for king and country. despite it being a more prevalent problem in europe, desertion was not very common in new france mostly d...
wikipedia
e1e32a593d6e01171f4e16634bee22b8f841cd60
military officers were also subject to both military
military officers were also subject to both military and civilian courts if necessary but were given more privileges than others. they were permitted to wear their swords in court and were given more favourable and honourable sentences if convicted. they were also not to be subjected to the extraordinary questioning. a...
wikipedia
d5b743171736d789f359c46cd7a3ae3cdbc55b0f
punishment for military members varied depending on the
punishment for military members varied depending on the crime that was committed. minor crimes were investigated by senior officers and disciplined with military sanctions if found guilty. punishment was often eight to fifteen days in the dungeon. in more severe cases of minor crimes, such as stealing from a fellow sol...
wikipedia
8dc4a945d7de04ea16b308c3cce8e39dbf04c3c0
despite having separate tribunals for members of the
despite having separate tribunals for members of the military, if one were to commit a serious crime, they would be subject to the same proceedings as civilians. once accused, a member of the military had to appear before a court that was presided by a judge who was assisted by a "special lieutenant." the accused repre...
wikipedia
81d150a4de9aae187345206b2403c89fe191beee
military members who committed crime in new france
military members who committed crime in new france were in most cases subject to a separate branch of criminal legislation. military personnel accounted for a roughly a third of the reported crime and were accused of a variety of crimes ranging from property crimes to violent crimes as well as desertion. after committi...
wikipedia
ab11abed64ab88277d981da72173dd81ae1c48ab
crime was disproportionately committed by men (80% of
crime was disproportionately committed by men (80% of accusations). montreal and quebec were home to many young, unmarried men, particularly soldiers, and this demographic which accounted for a quarter to a half of the total crime in the saint-laurence valley. the majority of crimes that took place were related to prop...
wikipedia
b2b6c603ae706e4654c5ac1aeba767d2f20c039e
the historian eric wenzel analyzed the records of
the historian eric wenzel analyzed the records of 396 trials from courts in montréal and québec between 1670 and 1760. of these, 332 (84%) were tried in montreal. the large majority of these trials took place after 1700 with various spikes occurring due to a variety of factors such as a series of fires in 1713, 1721, a...
wikipedia
a65863597ec7a21cc4f0b8533d827986b600ff29
overall, crime rates in new france were low.
overall, crime rates in new france were low. despite only 20% of the population living in an urban setting, cities accounted for over 60% of reported crime. out of the three jurisdictions in the saint-laurence valley, montréal accounted for approximately 64% of the total crime in the colony. this is partly due to its p...
wikipedia
5a41baf1a35ae07979f6b62913048c14d1d42482
not many records can be found about criminal
not many records can be found about criminal procedures in acadia as its judicial archives were burnt down entirely in 1708. that being said, there were surviving records of mathieu de goutin, then civil and criminal lieutenant (le lieutenant civil et criminel) of acadia, trying soldiers who allegedly embezzled money f...
wikipedia
2a44621a2d0716b17ec29074a70e3da023bd2809
court records indicate that natives were, for the
court records indicate that natives were, for the most part, excluded from french laws and were seldom subject to standard criminal procedure. while they were theoretically under the jurisdiction of french law, they enjoyed a fair deal of independence and for the most part rejected french law as a means to punish their...
wikipedia
de675097823b078ce977f0ee712e5d2d84e96fb3
as opposed to france which required its judges
as opposed to france which required its judges to be university law graduates, there was no requirement for judges to have formal legal training in new france. few judges in new france had formal training and only the attorney-general of the sovereign council was legally required to be a member of the paris bar. even t...
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01bf99ddaf93acf4544e3e8c6df00e3ea77d6ead
only once the sovereign council had sanctioned the
only once the sovereign council had sanctioned the use of torture were the courts allowed to proceed. confessions obtained through torture were insufficient to warrant the death penalty and were otherwise invalid unless repeated by the accused following their recovery. despite its potential appeal to prosecutors, tortu...
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209d53107d98f484c404cb84a892cbe10b3a36bc
depending on the result of the "extraordinary procedure"
depending on the result of the "extraordinary procedure" the attorney-general could order for the accused to be tortured. in the hopes of either extracting a confession or learning about potential accomplices, the accused was brought to the court and was tortured under the supervision (theoretically) of a doctor and tw...
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c0246a4a83f29a1076cdb3d9208cae1f9659dc83
after opportunities for appeals had been exhausted and
after opportunities for appeals had been exhausted and the accused was deemed guilty, a sentence was handed down by the judge. prescribed punishments varied widely and, depending on the offense, could range from a light reprimand (blâme) to execution. all executions were performed by the public executioner and most wer...
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77b08741a27f1d1101a668502bf01fae06b6e523
if the attorney general was still undecided, the
if the attorney general was still undecided, the accused was given a sentence of plus ample informé which allowed them to be released but stipulated that they may be tried again in light of new evidence. if the accused was found guilty, they were brought to court to hear their sentence. all sentences more severe than a...
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814f08e12e284228ba4733086b45ecf088b3db3b
minor crimes were often delegated to seigneurial courts
minor crimes were often delegated to seigneurial courts where fines of up to 500 livres could be handed down. the seigneurial courts, would often then take the liberty of modifying their legislation to reflect trends in crime and would adopt measures for more effective punishments. more serious crimes automatically nec...
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93dffba60f6a1afd8e6c08ce60fc38805dddc285
once the local judge was convinced that a
once the local judge was convinced that a criminal offense had occurred, he summoned any potential witnesses and held a preliminary hearing (l'information). if the suspect was identified with certainty during this hearing, they were ordered to appear in court and were suspended from their occupational duties. due to th...
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5bd5def543695c5323aaf011d0217f9cd824f549
criminal trials in new france followed the inquisitorial
criminal trials in new france followed the inquisitorial procedure detailed by the criminal ordinance of 1670. accusations could be made by citizens or by the attorney-general in the event that a crime had become public knowledge. to discourage false accusations, citizens suing for redress were often obligated to cover...
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765d1d4c82895be06d14c411a8b60716fdb88f1c
criminal justice in new france was integral to
criminal justice in new france was integral to the successful establishment of a french colonial system in north america. new france was no stranger to criminal activity from its very roots. in 1608, shortly after the founding of quebec, samuel de champlain executed jean duvel for allegedly leading a conspiracy against...
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d93f5fde9cb9b1043565032bb7fc5bc7b4ebad62
evans described 8 new genera and 130 new
evans described 8 new genera and 130 new species of liverworts. many of his specimens are held in the yale herbarium, dating back to 1888. a list of evans' publications on lichens is given in mason hale 's 1960 summary of his lichenological work.
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edc04483c75f4276e4778d69a9858e34ab2e123b
throughout his lifetime, evans authored 165 research papers,
throughout his lifetime, evans authored 165 research papers, many of which were self illustrated. his research was mostly focused on the hepaticae, but he also had special interest in the lichens, specifically the genus cladonia. later in life, evans became enraptured by yasuhiko asahina 's work on the microchemical me...
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072fe7bfcb2a4ea2bf35972637a431793bd96422
after the death of daniel cady eaton, evans
after the death of daniel cady eaton, evans returned to yale as a botanical instructor. he became assistant professor in 1901 before being promoted to full professorship in 1906. in 1912, evans was elected vice president of the botanical society of america. evans served as the editor-in-chief of the bulletin of torrey ...
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e0bdb138d9024fc157f2a69b606a5b2e96a0c2fc
born in buffalo, new york on may 17,
born in buffalo, new york on may 17, 1868, evan's family moved to new haven, connecticut after the death of his father. after graduation from hillhouse high school, evans received his ph.b. from the sheffield scientific school at yale university in 1890. an excellent student, evans was among the top of his class. two y...
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4b0c014fac24a7c9118cb594fb33474c8d222ee1
alprazolam triazolobenzophenone is a chemical compound that is
alprazolam triazolobenzophenone is a chemical compound that is a prodrug for the benzodiazepine derivative alprazolam. at neutral ph it readily cyclizes to alprazolam, while in acidic conditions alprazolam undergoes a ring-opening reaction back to the ketone. a series of related acyl derivatives was researched in the 1...
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4b0c014fac24a7c9118cb594fb33474c8d222ee1
alprazolam triazolobenzophenone is a chemical compound that is
alprazolam triazolobenzophenone is a chemical compound that is a prodrug for the benzodiazepine derivative alprazolam. at neutral ph it readily cyclizes to alprazolam, while in acidic conditions alprazolam undergoes a ring-opening reaction back to the ketone. a series of related acyl derivatives was researched in the 1...
wikipedia
9cf324d232a66cbc855bfb84662bc9687baf9dc2
chia-kun (john) chu was a chinese-american applied mathematician
chia-kun (john) chu was a chinese-american applied mathematician who was the fu foundation professor emeritus of applied mathematics at columbia university. he had been on columbia faculty since 1965 and served as the department chairman of applied physics and nuclear engineering three times.
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8308c4fe8e71dde08394db4afc8d220197479471
chia-kun chu was the son of bank chairman
chia-kun chu was the son of bank chairman ju tang chu. chia-kun chu was also the brother-in-law of z.y. fu, a columbia donor who gave his name for the fu foundation school of engineering and applied science.
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2a39c73900f5ea7fc73775178e183ef0178e507b
chu received numerous honors. he was a recipient
chu received numerous honors. he was a recipient of guggenheim fellowship and was elected fellow of american physical society and fellow of japan society for the promotion of science. he was awarded an honorary doctor of science degree from columbia university in 2006.
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06f3d01843d2694237f9d291f321c74c31955321
chu was an internationally recognized applied mathematician and
chu was an internationally recognized applied mathematician and one of the pioneers of computational mathematics in fluid dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, and shock waves. he developed approximations to the differential equations of fluid dynamics and coined the term "computational fluid dynamics".
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221855b702868402f90120375b3b496b9ec456d1
chia-kun (john) chu (chinese: 朱家琨; pinyin: zhū jiākūn;
chia-kun (john) chu (chinese: 朱家琨; pinyin: zhū jiākūn; august 14, 1927 – january 2, 2023) was a chinese-american applied mathematician who was the fu foundation professor emeritus of applied mathematics at columbia university. he had been on columbia faculty since 1965 and served as the department chairman of applied p...
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faee206243ddcf6e07c5dd9f3cb18a370e583ff5
sir charles edward saunders, was a canadian agronomist.
sir charles edward saunders, was a canadian agronomist. he was the inventor of the 'marquis' wheat cultivar. saunders secondary school in london, ontario is named for him and other members of his prominent family, including his father, agriculturist william saunders and naturalist brother william edwin saunders.
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5bdba8e79c9d829fa180faa1bc577d94e5e5647f
in 1928, essais et vers, a collection of
in 1928, essais et vers, a collection of saunders' french essays and poems, was published by louis carrier and cie, les editions du mercure, in montreal and new york. the work received critical acclaim in the french press, especially in quebec.
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751962e7e5a8e2b47a8dc581201831b5439e82fa
from 1922 to 1925, he studied french literature
from 1922 to 1925, he studied french literature at the sorbonne. in the latter year, he returned to ottawa briefly, but in 1928 he moved to toronto. though retired, he continued to lecture on 'marquis' wheat and the french language.
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864f43e953b50ebaac43d5ab0856938b8ad99fb9
working with ' red fife ', which had
working with ' red fife ', which had been imported and developed by david fife from ontario, saunders crossed it with 'hard red calcutta'. the new cultivar 'markham' showed great promise, but its offspring were not uniform. after many trials at the agassiz experimental farm, a winner emerged - 'marquis'.
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81a06035e57ec9df535abc43687c429cecc6a488
in the search for a hardy wheat that
in the search for a hardy wheat that would mature faster, he made hundreds of crosses, proceeding to test the yields. tests included one called "chewing", whereby saunders identified strains with strong gluten by chewing a few sample kernels. "i made more wheat into gum than was made by all the boys in any dozen rural ...
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192511ee9f217a9ea0c5d21d4cbe08a7847ff75f
saunders turned enthusiastically to his new tasks. following
saunders turned enthusiastically to his new tasks. following up his brother's research, he completed development of 'marquis' wheat in 1904, a cultivar which showed marked superiority in milling quality for bread flour over other varieties popular in western canada. 'marquis' had the advantage of maturing 10 days earli...
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a3962cb8c6fc1ebb03c7a28bedc7e51961fa7807
in 1903, william saunders, charles' father, appointed him
in 1903, william saunders, charles' father, appointed him experimentalist at the experimental farm in ottawa in 1903, a title that became cerealist in 1905 and dominion cerealist in 1910. the new work continued family tradition, for saunders's father had founded the system of experimental farms established in canada, a...
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d6dd116789c76c6e0a6d6a2dac2dfbf4c20a5c00
from 1892 to 1893, saunders was the professor
from 1892 to 1893, saunders was the professor of chemistry and geology at central university in kentucky. between 1894 and 1903, he studied flute with e. m. heindl of the boston symphony orchestra at the new england conservatory of music and with eugene weiner of the new york philharmonic club. he also received voice t...
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9a28c7235411544448afacc58a5492ec1daab052
saunders learned most of what he knew about
saunders learned most of what he knew about plant hybridization at home through his family. some of his earliest memories are of driving with his father to a fruit farm outside the city limits, where he would help him hybridize grapes, currants, raspberries, and gooseberries.
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30d70673b52e7d2c094acccaccbd3a332aad7b87
saunders was born in london, canada west, on
saunders was born in london, canada west, on february 2, 1867, son of william and sarah agnes robinson saunders. he received his early education in the elementary and collegiate system in london. he received a bachelor of arts in chemistry from the university of toronto in 1888. from 1888 to 1893, he specialized in che...
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