id stringlengths 40 40 | title stringlengths 15 120 | text stringlengths 41 3.14k | source stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|
c8563f0898ff8bf1b2a1beede1040b68a1725bc4 | a new railway branch line of 142 km | a new railway branch line of 142 km is being constructed from bagalkot to kudachi via kajjidoni (khajjidoni) which was sanctioned in the year 2010–2011 with an anticipated cost of 986.30 cr on 50:50 cost sharing basis and land free of cost by government of karnataka. the section between bagalkot and kajjidoni has been ... | wikipedia |
60a040e2bd0fc88e4c372b76c7fb6a380938c502 | gadag–hotgi railway line doubling is sanctioned in the | gadag–hotgi railway line doubling is sanctioned in the year 2014–15 with part of length of this project, i.e. from hotgi to kudgi (134 km) is taken up under customer funding model and for this purpose national thermal power corporation deposited an amount of rs.946 cr with indian railways.new crossing station at kudgi ... | wikipedia |
42491a16cfaf09637eec6f16a5af23237ede065a | bagalkot junction railway station (station code: bgk) is | bagalkot junction railway station (station code: bgk) is a railway station in the hubli railway division of south western railway in bagalkote district, karnataka, india. the station lies on the gadag–hotgi railway line, which serves bagalkote and nearby towns with 3 platforms and was converted from meter gauge to broa... | wikipedia |
294bcbf801dc0f12176ccc286eacf99dbf4eeeab | an electron avalanche is a process in which | an electron avalanche is a process in which a number of free electrons in a transmission medium are subjected to strong acceleration by an electric field and subsequently collide with other atoms of the medium, thereby ionizing them. this releases additional electrons which accelerate and collide with further atoms, re... | wikipedia |
c2992b0efbf9935bbde0cab28f14dff4081dec02 | avalanche sustenance requires a reservoir of charge to | avalanche sustenance requires a reservoir of charge to sustain the applied voltage, as well as a continual source of triggering events. a number of mechanisms can sustain this process, creating avalanche after avalanche, to create a corona current. a secondary source of plasma electrons is required as the electrons are... | wikipedia |
a0bad61a86057ee5ad119ced0709cbc3f07b924c | where v is the applied voltage, v is | where v is the applied voltage, v is the breakdown voltage and n is an empirically derived value between 2 and 6. as can be seen from this formula, the multiplication factor is very highly dependent on the applied voltage, and as the voltage nears the breakdown voltage of the material, the multiplication factor approac... | wikipedia |
42633087c8d2146bbd14fdaf2a582c0e6e549ca7 | where x and x are the positions that | where x and x are the positions that the multiplication is being measured between, and α is the ionization constant. in other words, one free electron at position x will result in m free electrons at position x. substituting the voltage gradients into this equation results in | wikipedia |
69a3272585048bf621c2831f4992f12d170ff2da | high-velocity electrons often collide with neutral atoms inelastically, | high-velocity electrons often collide with neutral atoms inelastically, sometimes ionizing them. in a chain-reaction — or an 'electron avalanche' — additional electrons recently separated from their positive ions by the strong potential gradient, cause a large cloud of electrons and positive ions to be momentarily gene... | wikipedia |
58e7fb4a5dbf52c99b3976c322e67b0e9e19cba5 | a plasma begins with a rare natural 'background' | a plasma begins with a rare natural 'background' ionization event of a neutral air molecule, perhaps as the result of photoexcitation or background radiation. if this event occurs within an area that has a high potential gradient, the positively charged ion will be strongly attracted toward, or repelled away from, an e... | wikipedia |
cbde6d675d1cc11db79db61c5ae679a7fe1db4ee | the process can also be used to detect | the process can also be used to detect ionizing radiation by using the gas multiplication effect of the avalanche process. this is the ionisation mechanism of the geiger–müller tube and, to a limited extent, of the proportional counter and is also used in spark chambers and other wire chambers. | wikipedia |
647577cffee7ec72e0241a5e534468d49d10ccdc | electron avalanches are essential to the dielectric breakdown | electron avalanches are essential to the dielectric breakdown process within gases. the process can culminate in corona discharges, streamers, leaders, or in a spark or continuous arc that completely bridges the gap between the electrical conductors that are applying the voltage. the process extends to huge sparks — st... | wikipedia |
16910858c27544df953cc4d740adea853977cb55 | an electron avalanche is a process in which | an electron avalanche is a process in which a number of free electrons in a transmission medium are subjected to strong acceleration by an electric field and subsequently collide with other atoms of the medium, thereby ionizing them (impact ionization). this releases additional electrons which accelerate and collide wi... | wikipedia |
ef946ec5f9cdd984512c68e55fd042de6e2d00c2 | angela von den driesch was a german archaeologist | angela von den driesch was a german archaeologist and veterinarian. she was a professor and former director of the institut für paläoanatomie, domestikationsforschung und geschichte der tiermedizin at the ludwig maximilian university of munich. | wikipedia |
0242dc418d2ee228bdf1b1defe6db5733f740e82 | von den driesch began building a reference collection | von den driesch began building a reference collection of vertebrate bones when she joined the institute for palaeoanatomy in the 1960s, which grew to become one of the largest osteological collections in the world. at the time of her death in 2012, it contained over 20,000 specimens representing 2,700 taxa. when she re... | wikipedia |
d12a7dd3806b978a127f418d8ec6926b21aba7c3 | a festschrift in von den driesch's honour, historia | a festschrift in von den driesch's honour, historia animalium ex ossibus, was edited by cornelia becker, henriette manhart, joris peters, and jörg schibler and published in 1999. thirty-seven papers were contributed in german, english and french. on her death, an international symposium in her memory was held at koç un... | wikipedia |
871fbf9db8fb8f399a73631ef4f37f837f6a7ac5 | in 1965, angela von den driesch joined munich's | in 1965, angela von den driesch joined munich's newly founded institut für paläoanatomie, domestikationsforschung und geschichte der tiermedizin (institute for palaeoanatomy, domestication research and the history of veterinary medicine), directed by joachim boessneck. she completed her habilitation thesis, on the oste... | wikipedia |
8b24d1e9d88feaa34ed6d1e2e80ce248f378c928 | angela felicitas karpf was born on 11 july | angela felicitas karpf was born on 11 july 1934 in dresden but her family moved to tegernsee, bavaria after the second world war. she studied in munich and zürich, first reading romance languages, then veterinary medicine. she was awarded the degree of doctor medicinae veterinariae by ludwig maximilian university of mu... | wikipedia |
c64dfdd31b55ca9d8deea2449a824094c5725f94 | angela von den driesch (11 july 1934 – | angela von den driesch (11 july 1934 – 4 january 2012) was a german archaeologist and veterinarian. she was a professor and former director of the institut für paläoanatomie, domestikationsforschung und geschichte der tiermedizin at the ludwig maximilian university of munich. | wikipedia |
d81dd52de29d86f4ea1e79e192814803d3136715 | from march 2023, asaka station became an express | from march 2023, asaka station became an express service stop following the abolishment of the rapid (快速, kaisoku) services and reorganization of the tōbu tōjō line services. in addition, through service via the tōkyū shin-yokohama line, sōtetsu shin-yokohama line, sōtetsu main line, and sōtetsu izumino line to shin-yo... | wikipedia |
d64145368e5d3b9c91989092bd2c799aa654b235 | the station first opened as hizaori station (膝折駅) | the station first opened as hizaori station (膝折駅) on 1 may 1914, coinciding with the opening of the tōjō railway line from ikebukuro. it was renamed asaka station on 10 may 1932. | wikipedia |
a3caf0f6e693ce99c2b5fc428baae0a1b7776f75 | the station is served by the tōbu tōjō | the station is served by the tōbu tōjō line from ikebukuro in tokyo, with some services inter-running via the tokyo metro yurakucho line to shin-kiba and the tokyo metro fukutoshin line to shibuya and onward via the tokyu toyoko line and minato mirai line to motomachi-chukagai. located between wakōshi and asakadai stat... | wikipedia |
0c0a8efbcc40897ce1c814a16ee5b4b2d484dcd1 | dna condensation refers to the process of compacting | dna condensation refers to the process of compacting dna molecules in vitro or in vivo. mechanistic details of dna packing are essential for its functioning in the process of gene regulation in living systems. condensed dna often has surprising properties, which one would not predict from classical concepts of dilute s... | wikipedia |
08bf7a1aa7f4e05e70763b98802ab378b4be7ed5 | dna condensation refers to the process of compacting | than the space that it would occupy in the case of a free diffusion in the solution. to cope with volume constraints, dna can pack itself in the appropriate solution conditions with the help of ions and other molecules. usually, dna condensation is defined as "the collapse of extended dna chains into compact, orderly ... | wikipedia |
0f0bd8cf523cfb09ba06e3b6f4367d01a66b7442 | nowadays descriptions of gene regulation are based on | nowadays descriptions of gene regulation are based on the approximations of equilibrium binding in dilute solutions, although it is clear that these assumptions are in fact violated in chromatin. the dilute-solution approximation is violated for two reasons. first, the chromatin content is far from being dilute, and se... | wikipedia |
f6fc962414cda654b6be9270b072adf2e98b4c5e | condensation of long double-helical dnas is a sharp | condensation of long double-helical dnas is a sharp phase transition, which takes place within a narrow interval of condensing agent concentrations. since the double helices come very closely to each other in the condensed phase, this leads to the restructuring of water molecules, which gives rise to the so-called hydr... | wikipedia |
cd54150da22242c610fbffccd31e39ba52f52e41 | dna condensation can be induced in vitro either | dna condensation can be induced in vitro either by applying external force to bring the double helices together, or by inducing attractive interactions between the dna segments. the former can be achieved e.g. with the help of the osmotic pressure exerted by crowding neutral polymers in the presence of monovalent salts... | wikipedia |
0c1a46006dfb40588c222e39fb22f460d2321d29 | dinoflagellates are very divergent eukaryotes in terms of | dinoflagellates are very divergent eukaryotes in terms of how they package their dna. their chromosomes are packed in a liquid-crystalline state. they have lost many of the conserved histone genes, using mostly dinoflagellate viral nucleoproteins (dvnps) or bacteria-derived dinoflagellate histone-like proteins (hlps) f... | wikipedia |
f03fa053442189c4617444f9f247a4938f984240 | eukaryotic dna with a typical length of dozens | eukaryotic dna with a typical length of dozens of centimeters should be orderly packed to be readily accessible inside the micrometer-size nucleus. in most eukaryotes, dna is arranged in the cell nucleus with the help of histones. in this case, the basic level of dna compaction is the nucleosome, where the double helix... | wikipedia |
f22a1c62b05f3656cb858aa2e2e98badfff0b06b | sister chromosomes in the bacterium escherichia coli are | sister chromosomes in the bacterium escherichia coli are induced by stressful conditions to condense and undergo pairing. stress-induced condensation occurs by a non-random, zipper-like convergence of sister chromosomes. this convergence appears to depend on the ability of identical double-stranded dna molecules to spe... | wikipedia |
87cadb5614e607cb79d26ebc86e8d96a33d7f568 | bacterial dna is packed with the help of | bacterial dna is packed with the help of polyamines and proteins called nucleoid-associated proteins. protein-associated dna occupies about 1/4 of the intracellular volume forming a concentrated viscous phase with liquid crystalline properties, called the nucleoid. other research also indicated that the genome of bacte... | wikipedia |
52c869431d95deaea0884c7af8f32da344ae2008 | in viruses and bacteriophages, the dna or rna | in viruses and bacteriophages, the dna or rna is surrounded by a protein capsid, sometimes further enveloped by a lipid membrane. double-stranded dna is stored inside the capsid in the form of a spool, which can have different types of coiling leading to different types of liquid-crystalline packing. this packing can c... | wikipedia |
a6189fc8ebcd2f9da4421c02cbebcabd03f3ffa4 | dna diameter is about 2 nm, while the | dna diameter is about 2 nm, while the length of a stretched single molecule may be up to several dozens of centimetres depending on the organism. many features of the dna double helix contribute to its large stiffness, including the mechanical properties of the sugar-phosphate backbone, electrostatic repulsion between ... | wikipedia |
80cd4bce6f010b7d4ee273f1ebb3d505af72f314 | dna diameter is about 2 nm, while the | few molecules". this definition applies to many situations in vitro and is also close to the definition of dna condensation in bacteria as "adoption of relatively concentrated, compact state occupying a fraction of the volume available". in eukaryotes, the dna size and the number of other participating players are muc... | wikipedia |
40cee7f3c3977c75fb85f54a90fb2ce354cb1e9c | dna condensation refers to the process of compacting | dna condensation refers to the process of compacting dna molecules in vitro or in vivo. mechanistic details of dna packing are essential for its functioning in the process of gene regulation in living systems. condensed dna often has surprising properties, which one would not predict from classical concepts of dilute s... | wikipedia |
a8e868fff96a8e5d0a2b524cb0c7ebb4d7e9e3ff | ebonya l. washington is the laurans a. and | ebonya l. washington is the laurans a. and arlene mendelson professor of economics at columbia university and a professor of public and international affairs. she is also a national bureau of economic research faculty research fellow in the programs on political economy and the economics of children. she was elected to... | wikipedia |
697e68195d1dbb48f71a42e469591184337e946e | washington became the co-chair on the committee on | washington became the co-chair on the committee on the status of minority groups in the economics profession (csmgep) in 2018. the csmgep has a website which hosts minority job candidates in economics, publishes a yearly newsletter titled the minority report, and provides links and resources for making the economics pr... | wikipedia |
d0d0ab80697fa32180a8b547722093104a19142e | in this paper, washington and kuziemko use historical | in this paper, washington and kuziemko use historical gallup data on racial attitudes and political preferences to empirically examine why southern whites left the democratic party in the second half of the 20th century. this notable political shift has been a central question in political economy and has conventionall... | wikipedia |
f483e8a5bbba1f1776d4ae533c9c5783e6d704a8 | her research focuses on the political economy of | her research focuses on the political economy of low-income and minority constituents and the processes through which low-income americans meet their financial needs. several of her papers have been discussed in the popular press. she is associate editor of the quarterly journal of economics and the foreign editor of t... | wikipedia |
cf4aa1bfb5723af6425bf05d7d4ea8fbe26fd3a6 | ebonya l. washington is the laurans a. and | ebonya l. washington is the laurans a. and arlene mendelson professor of economics at columbia university and a professor of public and international affairs. she is also a national bureau of economic research faculty research fellow in the programs on political economy and the economics of children. she was elected to... | wikipedia |
7c1011a69fc810ab662f29d22482758aa1e265d3 | the dadda multiplier is a hardware binary multiplier | the dadda multiplier is a hardware binary multiplier design invented by computer scientist luigi dadda in 1965. it uses a selection of full and half adders to sum the partial products in stages until two numbers are left. the design is similar to the wallace multiplier, but the different reduction tree reduces the requ... | wikipedia |
b816910ac4f8a12ba750008f781a0f93ad95ee67 | add the final result with a conventional adder. | add the final result with a conventional adder. as with the wallace multiplier, the multiplication products of the first step carry different weights reflecting the magnitude of the original bit values in the multiplication. for example, the product of bits a n b m has weight n + m . unlike wallace multipliers that red... | wikipedia |
c44350ff60fad5dc20ff44df015db34ce3b77152 | the initial value of j {\displaystyle j} is | the initial value of j {\displaystyle j} is chosen as the largest value such that d j < min (n 1, n 2) {\displaystyle d_{j}<\min {(n_{1},n_{2})}}, where n 1 {\displaystyle n_{1}} and n 2 {\displaystyle n_{2}} are the number of bits in the input multiplicand and multiplier. the lesser of the two bit lengths will be the ... | wikipedia |
880357618ca1134e365e05562690b8f479a8def2 | unlike wallace multipliers that reduce as much as | unlike wallace multipliers that reduce as much as possible on each layer, dadda multipliers attempt to minimize the number of gates used, as well as input/output delay. because of this, dadda multipliers have a less expensive reduction phase, but the final numbers may be a few bits longer, thus requiring slightly bigge... | wikipedia |
1988de0492c41befcf3e53fe1974db3c7d834227 | as with the wallace multiplier, the multiplication products | as with the wallace multiplier, the multiplication products of the first step carry different weights reflecting the magnitude of the original bit values in the multiplication. for example, the product of bits a n b m {\displaystyle a_{n}b_{m}} has weight n + m {\displaystyle n+m}. | wikipedia |
a5e5135378ab8c5cc6d7ac15acf5162c9c15e2de | dadda and wallace multipliers have the same three | dadda and wallace multipliers have the same three steps for two bit strings w 1 {\displaystyle w_{1}} and w 2 {\displaystyle w_{2}} of lengths ℓ 1 {\displaystyle \ell _{1}} and ℓ 2 {\displaystyle \ell _{2}} respectively: | wikipedia |
2eefb9819e73a5d10f3fc9e768b57f74eeb882da | the dadda multiplier is a hardware binary multiplier | the dadda multiplier is a hardware binary multiplier design invented by computer scientist luigi dadda in 1965. it uses a selection of full and half adders to sum the partial products in stages (the dadda tree or dadda reduction) until two numbers are left. the design is similar to the wallace multiplier, but the diffe... | wikipedia |
1a49ba118893722007e7b665433cae78409a369e | yoneyama was born in utsunomiya on november 20, | yoneyama was born in utsunomiya on november 20, 1976. when he was a komazawa university student, he joined verdy kawasaki (later tokyo verdy) in 1998. he became a regular player as center-back among the teams where generations change. in 2004, the club won the j.league cup. however, the club was relegated to the j2 lea... | wikipedia |
d5aac390a98b142ff0b1b7b50ea4ebab7272e4b3 | atsushi yoneyama (米山 篤志, yoneyama atsushi, born november | atsushi yoneyama (米山 篤志, yoneyama atsushi, born november 20, 1976) is a former japanese football player and manager who played for the japan national team. he is currently the manager of kamatamare sanuki. | wikipedia |
e59db04a2b785ca067fafcd374a46ae499f64e7f | david hilton wolpert is an american physicist and | david hilton wolpert is an american physicist and computer scientist. he is a professor at santa fe institute. he is the author of three books, three patents, over one hundred refereed papers, and has received two awards. his name is particularly associated with a theorem in computer science known as "no free lunch". | wikipedia |
f63a328c6a5767292ed3eaff95d930dabd252598 | wolpert made many contributions to the early work | wolpert made many contributions to the early work on machine learning. these include a bayesian estimator of the entropy of a distribution based on samples of the distribution, disproving formal claims that the "evidence procedure" is equivalent to hierarchical bayes, a bayesian alternative to the chi-squared test, a p... | wikipedia |
0237416e05a57970d89b45a75bd8e43ad4b43d7b | wolpert has formalized an argument to show that | wolpert has formalized an argument to show that it is in principle impossible for any intellect to know everything about the universe of which it forms a part, in other words disproving " laplace's demon ". this has been seen as an extension of the limitative theorems of the twentieth century such as those of heisenber... | wikipedia |
3a2530afdf9afcd952571151efbb9b368afb09c9 | one of wolpert's most discussed achievements is known | one of wolpert's most discussed achievements is known as no free lunch in search and optimization. by this theorem, all algorithms for search and optimization perform equally well averaged over all problems in the class with which they are designed to deal. however, in a machine learning context, the theorem makes an i... | wikipedia |
9a483237f819dd2b3ffdf287e7a2d6ea5bc829af | from 1997 to 2011 he worked as senior | from 1997 to 2011 he worked as senior computer scientist at nasa ames research center, and became visiting scholar at the max planck institute. he spent the year 2010-11 as ulam scholar at the center for nonlinear studies at los alamos. | wikipedia |
1f4d7cdf5037d6700ac2cc4ab05487b45ea685d9 | david wolpert took a b.a. in physics at | david wolpert took a b.a. in physics at princeton university (1984), then attended the university of california, santa barbara, where he took the degrees of m.a. (1987) and ph.d. (1989). | wikipedia |
6c24f935d2a72d1d4feba07544c1a2e83c871fe9 | david hilton wolpert is an american physicist and | david hilton wolpert is an american physicist and computer scientist. he is a professor at santa fe institute. he is the author of three books, three patents, over one hundred refereed papers, and has received two awards. his name is particularly associated with a theorem in computer science known as " no free lunch ". | wikipedia |
9f03db352c05c23e34853612a18730a566a49371 | burt played for foothill fc of the women's | burt played for foothill fc of the women's premier soccer league while working in the tech industry. she was selected in the 12th round of the 2000 wusa draft by the atlanta beat as the 96th overall selection. | wikipedia |
a71f1387a13624744b870b5d114b8d1a2020968d | burt was born in honolulu, hawaii. she was | burt was born in honolulu, hawaii. she was raised in menlo park, california, and attended menlo-atherton high school. burt later attended stanford university, where she was a member of the stanford cardinal women's soccer and tennis teams. she took a hiatus from soccer in 1995 to focus on tennis, but returned to the sp... | wikipedia |
cdd4eb8ff2e640353d94fffbb5f25aa7dbdb6400 | anne villeneuve is an american geneticist. she is | anne villeneuve is an american geneticist. she is known for her work on the mechanisms governing chromosome inheritance during sexual reproduction. her work focuses on meiosis, the process by which a diploid organism, having two sets of chromosomes, produces gametes with only one set of chromosomes. she is a professor ... | wikipedia |
a12779ad9e6aa9ba1aae7fa397fc0ffadf0b8d33 | her work has been instrumental in establishing the | her work has been instrumental in establishing the nematode caenorhabditis elegans as a major model system for investigating how homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis, and how they recombine, exchanging genetic information. her work has helped elucidate whether mechanisms of meiotic recombination are conserved ... | wikipedia |
335442fe3f5cc8e35df5c84cc33423e5f9879227 | villeneuve earned a b.s. in biochemistry at the | villeneuve earned a b.s. in biochemistry at the university of notre dame in 1981, and a ph.d. in biology from mit in 1989, where she worked on sex determination and dosage compensation in the laboratory of barbara j. meyer. she joined stanford university as an independent fellow in 1989 and began to work on meiosis. sh... | wikipedia |
cdd4eb8ff2e640353d94fffbb5f25aa7dbdb6400 | anne villeneuve is an american geneticist. she is | anne villeneuve is an american geneticist. she is known for her work on the mechanisms governing chromosome inheritance during sexual reproduction. her work focuses on meiosis, the process by which a diploid organism, having two sets of chromosomes, produces gametes with only one set of chromosomes. she is a professor ... | wikipedia |
beae56d3f49924daa8a853aa723ad2ee79548339 | electromagnetic brakes or em brakes are used to | electromagnetic brakes or em brakes are used to slow or stop vehicles using electromagnetic force to apply mechanical resistance (friction). they were originally called electro-mechanical brakes but over the years the name changed to "electromagnetic brakes", referring to their actuation method which is generally unrel... | wikipedia |
7ebef8eb3d7ea9eff58dd29c84a94fd28f7b4dbb | electro-mechanical disk brakes operate via electrical actuation, but | electro-mechanical disk brakes operate via electrical actuation, but transmit torque mechanically. when electricity is applied to the coil of an electromagnet, the magnetic flux attracts the armature to the face of the brake. as it does so, it squeezes the inner and outer friction disks together. the hub is normally mo... | wikipedia |
52e1a12135bc4b95612eea85dbcda766c72122d2 | when electricity is applied to the field, it | when electricity is applied to the field, it creates an internal magnetic flux. that flux is then transferred into a hysteresis disk (that may be made from an alnico alloy) passing through the field. the hysteresis disk is attached to the brake shaft. a magnetic drag on the hysteresis disk allows for a constant drag, o... | wikipedia |
b571453187bbc87aee031706ccda0fd9cf956cb5 | electrical hysteresis units have an extremely wide torque | electrical hysteresis units have an extremely wide torque range. since these units can be controlled remotely, they are ideal for test stand applications where varying torque is required. since drag torque is minimal, these units offer the widest available torque range of any of the hysteresis products. most applicatio... | wikipedia |
d8035fbcb1f07ea0c13fa7ffb7897fe0df1199a7 | magnetic particles (very similar to iron filings) are | magnetic particles (very similar to iron filings) are located in the powder cavity. when electricity is applied to the coil, the resulting magnetic flux tries to bind the particles together, almost like a magnetic particle slush. as the electric current is increased, the binding of the particles becomes stronger. the b... | wikipedia |
47b2a8d4397fc4ad318b135b8754c11398ec007c | magnetic particle brakes are unique in their design | magnetic particle brakes are unique in their design from other electro-mechanical brakes because of the wide operating torque range available. like an electro-mechanical brake, torque to voltage is almost linear; however, in a magnetic particle brake, torque can be controlled very accurately (within the operating rpm r... | wikipedia |
207b4b0113ac0d694c25d3d35d8e183ed48c5744 | both power off brakes are considered to be | both power off brakes are considered to be engaged when no power is applied to them. they are typically required to hold or to stop alone in the event of a loss of power or when power is not available in a machine circuit. permanent magnet brakes have a very high torque for their size, but also require a constant curre... | wikipedia |
c65ca9989a12a54da7ba4ad657d96daa0156f1fe | permanent magnet type – a permanent magnet holding | permanent magnet type – a permanent magnet holding brake looks very similar to a standard power applied electromagnetic brake. instead of squeezing a friction disk, via springs, it uses permanent magnets to attract a single face armature. when the brake is engaged, the permanent magnets create magnetic lines of flux, w... | wikipedia |
fbeb7dbe366bf9463d7d8aa5d097ec79a82cdba8 | spring type - when no electricity is applied | spring type - when no electricity is applied to the brake, a spring pushes against a pressure plate, squeezing the friction disk between the inner pressure plate and the outer cover plate. this frictional clamping force is transferred to the hub, which is mounted to a shaft. | wikipedia |
da5a7650ab04778ce4dc87cf2f4465207423555a | power off brakes stop or hold a load | power off brakes stop or hold a load when electrical power is either accidentally lost or intentionally disconnected. in the past, some companies have referred to these as "fail safe" brakes. these brakes are typically used on or near an electric motor. typical applications include robotics, holding brakes for z axis b... | wikipedia |
240eca40e33f91905db13f23ce5b6fd1b2c7d1fd | recent design innovations have led to the application | recent design innovations have led to the application of electromagnetic brakes to aircraft applications. in this application, a combination motor/generator is used first as a motor to spin the tires up to speed prior to touchdown, thus reducing wear on the tires, and then as a generator to provide regenerative braking... | wikipedia |
eaaed4c452da51b128a81153332ef04350d996f2 | electromagnetic brakes or em brakes are used to | electromagnetic brakes or em brakes are used to slow or stop vehicles using electromagnetic force to apply mechanical resistance (friction). they were originally called electro-mechanical brakes but over the years the name changed to "electromagnetic brakes", referring to their actuation method which is generally unrel... | wikipedia |
54a381578dbea26fb37ac51cef8867c8ec9adeb6 | the song "azure moon" is every little thing's | the song "azure moon" is every little thing's 29th single released by the avex trax label. "azure moon" was a ballad single that also included a special acoustic version of their 2004 single "soraai" for every little thing's concert "every little thing x'mas acoustic live at uragami tenshudou: ai no uta", which took pl... | wikipedia |
8e1469945c9c31c5be105334d5a17f4153b005f5 | the song " azure moon " is every | the song " azure moon " is every little thing 's 29th single released by the avex trax label. "azure moon" was a ballad single that also included a special acoustic version of their 2004 single "soraai" for every little thing's concert "every little thing x'mas acoustic live at uragami tenshudou: ai no uta", which took... | wikipedia |
9e8c7658b236fb160c283adf5b9242a06ec69cd8 | the software has a 20-year history of technology | the software has a 20-year history of technology development at the indian institute of technology bombay, supported by several ph.d. and masters-level researchers. it is maintained and supported by 3d foundry tech, a company incubated at the institute. the software is used in industry (especially, sme foundries) for q... | wikipedia |
aa95582a005f15b16d30edf1d9f2b536f059e678 | the latest version autocast-x1 incorporates many innovations, including | the latest version autocast-x1 incorporates many innovations, including part thickness analysis, multi-cavity mould layout, multi-neck feeder design, vector element method for solidification simulation, automatic optimisation of feeders and gating system, tooling cost estimation and methods report generation. the datab... | wikipedia |
eb631448108b5670f108b899a0d08e2afae6f997 | autocast uses geometric reasoning for automating the design | autocast uses geometric reasoning for automating the design of casting methods elements – cores, mold cavity layout, feeders, feed aids and gating channels. fast and intelligent simulation technology is employed to visualize mold filling and casting solidification in near-real time. foundry engineers can quickly import... | wikipedia |
94c06e08bfd359046a10b2d5fbc19c662736c79e | edith bülbring, frs was a british scientist in | edith bülbring, frs was a british scientist in the field of smooth muscle physiology, one of the first women accepted to the royal society as a fellow (frs). she was professor of pharmacology at the university of oxford (1967–71) and professorial fellow of lady margaret hall, oxford, later emeritus professor (1971–1990... | wikipedia |
da08e5ad28c2d0086397e22bc1b2a2ccce83a299 | bülbring has been acknowledged by physiologists and pharmacologists | bülbring has been acknowledged by physiologists and pharmacologists as the most influential smooth muscle physiologist in the world. her contribution to smooth muscle physiology and pharmacology and that of her collaborators laid the foundations on which investigation on smooth muscle is based. | wikipedia |
d3d81edb8f70f4356e198676f271df5dc0f1ef2f | after retiring in 1971, bülbring worked in a | after retiring in 1971, bülbring worked in a laboratory at the physiology laboratory in oxford. atherosclerosis and an old ankle injury that caused her to have poor circulation to her foot led to the amputation of her leg below the knee. a septuagenarian, she had a swiss prosthesis made and had modifications made to he... | wikipedia |
9b6a156a366fc8a1d6153d28fb6b4255feeff620 | bülbring's work on catecholamines and on smooth muscle | bülbring's work on catecholamines and on smooth muscle led to her election to the royal society in 1958. her multiple successes were recognised widely for which she received a number of awards, including the schmiedeberg-plakette of the deutsche pharmakologische gesellschaft, the wellcome gold medal in pharmacology, an... | wikipedia |
d5019a7d4bdb567af635ed0794326c60ad171cf8 | bülbring's influence and work throughout a 40-year span | bülbring's influence and work throughout a 40-year span allowed the fledgling field of smooth muscle to burgeon. the techniques developed in her laboratory led to increasing knowledge of the physiology of smooth muscle, and the activities of the many scientists who spent time working with her spread her interest and en... | wikipedia |
51c6f41f301958b045dcb9aba13a1935c072ec46 | bülbring was known to have a strong respect | bülbring was known to have a strong respect for her colleagues and their work. she encouraged people to develop their techniques, skills and be independent scientists. she always showed great ability to obtaining funds for her work, creating relationships with charities, councils and industry partners. these capacities... | wikipedia |
a7f72a1a94c56435efe071a45ba56d02cd252271 | in 1953 gustav born joined bülbring in her | in 1953 gustav born joined bülbring in her work initiating a collaboration that became the origin of her smooth muscle group. early on with the group, she researched the metabolism and passive electrical properties of smooth muscle. she also studied the role that serotonin plays in peristalsis in the small intestine. s... | wikipedia |
21bfbb946ffc76f07c1e680abf92b3542928983d | bülbring's interest in smooth muscle was borne from | bülbring's interest in smooth muscle was borne from frustration with their unpredictable responses. she has been quoted saying: "using them for assays and always finding them totally incomprehensible; i just could not understand their behavior: why they would contract one time and relax the next hour to the same dose, ... | wikipedia |
722a958567bf765da7516dd5d03f84321545f613 | after the death of her mentor, paul trendelenburg, | after the death of her mentor, paul trendelenburg, she left berlin for a year and worked as a paediatrician in jena. she returned to berlin a year later (in 1932) to work at the infectious disease unit in the virchow krankenhaus. while living in berlin, the rise of the nazi party began was a concern of bülbring due to ... | wikipedia |
7e8214c9d0be3fb0224888417704529f276cfa1a | following the completion of her studies she moved | following the completion of her studies she moved to berlin to work as a house physician. a year later, she was persuaded by paul trendelenburg to work at his laboratory in berlin. while in his laboratory she was required to demonstrate the perfused frog heart in which inflow and outflow resistance could be controlled.... | wikipedia |
bff49bef82f374ae4111140d082bc68a8ef056c7 | in bonn she was supervised by professor ceelen, | in bonn she was supervised by professor ceelen, a pathological anatomist. for her dissertation, she applied a technique she had learned from boeke on how to stain nerve fibres to the cells of phaeochromocytoma, showing they also pushed out nerve fibres. it was submitted on 3 may 1928 and published as volume 268 of virc... | wikipedia |
b64c58913a85c5619a41dc830e33d0466e68048e | bülbring spent a year in munich focusing on | bülbring spent a year in munich focusing on internal medicine, paediatrics and surgery attracted by the reputation of friedrich von müller, a professor of internal medicine. the following year she moved to freiburg for a semester, where she attended the lectures of paul trendelenburg. she then returned to bonn for her ... | wikipedia |
488d25d4c68c9fdffdf19de5af3abbda3e32c406 | in 1923 bülbring entered the university of bonn | in 1923 bülbring entered the university of bonn to study physiology hoping to eventually read medicine. her enthusiasm for histology led her to work in the laboratory of boeke, a renowned anatomist. the techniques she acquired during this working period became the basis for her work of her first publication and doctora... | wikipedia |
ae5efad250fe30f25cdef17b98841d8d402190b6 | edith bülbring was born in bonn on 27 | edith bülbring was born in bonn on 27 december 1903 to hortense leonore bülbring (née kann; 1868–1938), the dutch daughter of a jewish banker from the hague, and dr. karl bülbring, a german professor of english at the university of bonn (1863–1917). although her mother came from a jewish background and her father was p... | wikipedia |
09c1ff49d0a500470dcb9b6480c376e24351948f | together with her older sisters luci and maud, | together with her older sisters luci and maud, she travelled to england in 1933, where she joined the laboratory of joshua harold burn at the pharmaceutical society of great britain, university of london. when burn was offered the post of professor of pharmacology at oxford in 1938, she went with him. she remained as b... | wikipedia |
554e6608ef642e247ccbc6db0ee03bfcc50ab95f | born in bonn, germany, bülbring was the daughter | born in bonn, germany, bülbring was the daughter of hortense leonore and karl bülbring, a professor of english. she was educated in medicine at the universities of bonn, munich and freiburg, and became research assistant to the pharmacologist ulrich friedemann. when he and other jewish colleagues were dismissed by the ... | wikipedia |
cbe6b2dbd1272a917e1d05995a3980416beede52 | edith bülbring, frs (27 december 1903 – 5 | edith bülbring, frs (27 december 1903 – 5 july 1990) was a british scientist in the field of smooth muscle physiology, one of the first women accepted to the royal society as a fellow (frs). she was professor of pharmacology at the university of oxford (1967–71) and professorial fellow of lady margaret hall, oxford, la... | wikipedia |
454e46bb235cc482d7a4a2088722b0476453b2cf | edlund investigated fluid motion, polarization of light during | edlund investigated fluid motion, polarization of light during a total eclipse, and thermal phenomena accompanying changes in volume of solids. he studied electricity, describing a method of simultaneously transmitting messages in opposite directions along the same telegraph wire. he investigated the heat given off by ... | wikipedia |
0a1d985d9cd68f5a17cb05c2357058bf6074ef39 | in 1858, edlund was instrumental in securing the | in 1858, edlund was instrumental in securing the introduction of meteorological stations in sweden. he conducted these observatories until 1873, when a central meteorological station was erected. the meteorological observations made by edlund from 1858 to 1873 were published in 14 volumes by the academy of sciences. | wikipedia |
3d48736e07915d006a094a166f0988946cd3c274 | edlund was employed as a professor of physics | edlund was employed as a professor of physics by the royal swedish academy of sciences in 1850, and became a member of the academy in 1851. in 1858, he became a member of the royal society of sciences in uppsala, and also of the royal swedish academy of agriculture; the latter academy made him an honorary member in 187... | wikipedia |
a3c6cda08269b2fd38737913af00274b480e432b | erik edlund (14 march 1819 in närke province | erik edlund (14 march 1819 in närke province – 19 august 1888 in stockholm) was a swedish physicist. his scientific research was confined chiefly to the theory of electricity. he helped secure the introduction of weather stations to sweden. | wikipedia |
bd5d33f8993c8699af2a873c6e54e522cec34f9b | in 2015, gitau was named as a fellow | in 2015, gitau was named as a fellow of the next einstein forum, which aims 'to create the right environment for the next einstein to emerge from africa'. she is the ambassador for the development of science, technology, engineering and mathematics in africa. | wikipedia |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.