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now let ’ s discuss three questions about the future of software development : 1. what programming languages will we use? we can expect that current programming languages will evolve, perhaps even become obsolete, by 2040, but it is hard to imagine that languages like java, python, c, c #, and c + + will disappear enti... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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states will increase by 25 % 8. this is, in part, because technology continues to infiltrate our daily lives. for example, many grocery chains are updating their shopping carts to include sensors that record all of the items you add to the basket area. as this automation continues and expands, it will require a lot of ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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9. 3 • special topics 495 chapter review key terms acceptance testing process used to determine whether the software solution fulfills the customer ’ s expectations, also called user acceptance testing accessibility testing subset of usability testing that focuses specifically on the needs of users with disabilities ag... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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part of the main building steps themselves debugger program that assists in detecting and correcting bugs ; it does this by allowing the user to pause program execution at any statement, view the state of the program at that moment, before allowing the computer to continue until the next statement at which they want to... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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of a system, including its architecture, data, systems, services, and platforms as well as the relationships among various modules and components inception phase framework activity that involves focusing on the gathering and refinement ( i. e., definition ) as well as the management of functional and nonfunctional requ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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new platform, such as a new operating system prescriptive process model advocates an orderly approach to software engineering that involves following a prescribed set of activities in a continuous manner ; in contrast to agile development profiler program that performs dynamic program analysis that can be used to optim... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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model that is a combination of the waterfall model with an iterative model approach and that focuses on reducing risk within a project sprint fixed - length workflow event that is part of agile software process development and typically runs one to four weeks statement coverage type of code coverage that measures the p... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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easy and intuitive for the user to use use case describes how software system is expected to be employed by users to accomplish a goal or requirement user interface / user experience ( ui / ux ) part of computer programming that is concerned with how information is presented to the user and how the user can interact wi... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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9. 1 software engineering fundamentals • software engineering is concerned with how to effectively develop software. • software engineering is about solving practical issues that arise in software development, while computer science is more about theoretical principles used in software. • a good software engineer shoul... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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9. 2 software engineering process • a software engineering process framework is used to define the software process model or sdlc model that will be used to create a software solution. • most sdlc models use phases or standard framework activities. the four common phases are inception, elaboration, construction, and de... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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9. 3 special topics • testing is a critical part of building successful software solutions. • to ensure quality, software goes through various levels of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, and system testing, and it is subject to different testing approaches, such as acceptance testing, usability testin... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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that guides the work that they do and the solutions that they produce. • the acm / ieee - cs joint task force produced a software engineering code of ethics and professional practices that states that software engineers shall commit themselves to making the analysis, specification, design, development, testing, and mai... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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tests would generally be performed by a software engineer? 15. what is the primary purpose of verification? a. to run the code to verify it works correctly b. to make sure the software solution conforms to the requirements that were specified for the project c. to make sure the software solution does what the user want... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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devops? 9. what is the overall purpose of testing in software engineering? 10. what is path coverage? 11. what are three ways code coverage can be measured and what does each do? 12. what are design patterns? provide an example of a design pattern. 13. what is the benefit of licensing software? 14. what type of license... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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an spi standpoint. 502 9 • chapter review access for free at openstax. org problem set a 1. determine at least six functional requirements for a navigational software program that could be used within an automobile. 2. if you were asked to define functional ( software ) requirements to build a digital pencil ( e. g., s... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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it to effectively manage multiple teams in an agile development environment. 6. often agile development is used to create products that are based on emerging technologies. why do you think this is? 7. why does part of the agile development model involve minimizing documentation? 8. identify specific business or persona... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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that converts degrees fahrenheit to degrees celsius and you want to test it. how would you suggest performing unit testing of this functionality? 8. explain how you could create an open world machine learning bot that could trade on a financial exchange. 9. identify new examples of software as a differentiator for prod... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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system, additional navigational features on the dashboard computer screen, and a heads - up display system that shows the speed and any warnings displayed onto the windshield. when the product was demoed, the user of the system indicates that they also want to include navigational aids from the navigational system onto... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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of releasing software that has issues? how could this impact customers? how could it impact the software engineers who worked on the project? consider the features discussed at the beginning of this chapter for software in the automotive industry. what would the impact be of errors in software for features such as lane... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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##ental prototyping model, agile pattern - driven approach, design thinking method, lean startup method ). find reliable sources such as articles or websites that explain each framework. answer the w5 questions ( who, what, when, where, why ) for each framework : who : who created or popularized the framework? is it us... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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. 5. read excerpts from kurzweil ’ s the singularity is near and his more recent book, how to create a mind as needed to justify his prediction regarding digital utopia and immortality as human capabilities ( and lifespans ) are amplified using technology. also, analyze bill joy ’ s prediction of digital dystopia and h... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 3 solution architecture management introduction techworks is facing many technical problems such as difficulties in transferring the data between the divisions, sharing resources, and end user training. the cio suggested hiring a solutions architect manager who will be responsible for building teams, establishing r... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 1 patterns management learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • understand how to apply patterns at various levels of scope • organize patterns in hierarchies and leverage pattern catalogs and pattern languages • relate to the current state of patterns management a pattern documents a ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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access for free at openstax. org once a technology stack that picks specific technologies that should be used to implement the solution has been selected, design - centric patterns can be implemented. each technology stack has a corresponding implementation - centric pattern hierarchy2 that includes implementation styl... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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limited to integrating software patterns but rather describe scenarios where people can refer to patterns to analyze real - life situations. analysis and design model patterns a blueprint is a high - level plan used in the development stage, and an enterprise architecture ( ea ) is a conceptual blueprint that defines t... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 1 • patterns management 509 • solution scope : the pattern that can be applied to a single solution or system • domain scope : the pattern that can be applied to a specific domain a pattern hierarchy applies at all levels of scope, but variants of the higher - level patterns add additional embedded patterns that ma... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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, under cc by 4. 0 license ) global issues in technology patterns of solutions problems and the need for solutions vary depending on the region of the world where people are located. for example, economically developing regions like africa or parts of the middle east do not have fiber - optic networks as sophisticated ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 1 • patterns management 511 figure 10. 6 the general structure of a pattern catalog allows the bookkeeping of clusters. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) one example of a business architecture pattern that includes a generalization of business service composition and a ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 1 • patterns management 513 figure 10. 8 a pattern catalog can be used to select the pattern based on the architecture and solution view for the enterprise perspectives. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) pattern languages as we learned in chapter 9 software engineering,... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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to customers, and scrum, which is a management framework that helps the development team organize the work to reach a specific goal. a framework is an implementation - specific skeletal subsystem for design work. a subsystem is a set of collaborating components that perform a given task included in software systems, an... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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are derived from foundation and common systems architectures, as shown in figure 10. 9, and then realized practically as solution architectures. figure 10. 9 the open group architecture framework ( togaf ) foundation architecture contacts common systems architectures, which contacts industry and organization architectu... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 enterprise architecture management frameworks learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • understand how enterprise architecture management helps align business and technology strategies • explain what enterprise architecture frameworks are used for • relate to the specifics of the tog... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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development of a business platform for the execution of routine business tasks, and allows people to concentrate on improving the business rather than just purely running it. a foundation for execution is a combination of it infrastructure ( i. e., hardware, software, communication, and data ) and digitized processes t... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 517 figure 10. 13 the organizing framework includes information security principles, technology delivery principles, enterprise architecture principles, and architectural design principles. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 licens... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 519 figure 10. 15 there are many possible impacts of investment initiatives in technology capabilities. each section lists the assigned capabilities and / or impacts. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) business and techno... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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cc by 4. 0 license ) the business it alignment life cycle helps organizations align their business goals with it strategies through different stages. the first stage is initiation, which involves checking the problem facing the enterprise or available opportunities. the second stage is strategy, which involves designin... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 521 global issues in technology eam across the globe all the eaf frameworks in existence were developed in the united states and europe. the most widely recognized eafs are togaf ( the open group architecture framework ) and the zachman framework. eafs are not typic... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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##ental iterative enterprise transformation methodology suggests the use of an incremental iterative ( cmmi - compliant ) enterprise transformation methodology that improves the maturity of the enterprise, or its ability to keep business and it aligned over time, as illustrated in figure 10. 19 table 10. 1 types of ena... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 523 figure 10. 19 this figure shows how the generic eam awareness - desire - knowledge - ability - reinforcement change management methodology applies in the context of a business pattern - driven modeling process pattern. ( attribution : copyright rice university, ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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that enterprise solutions are in alignment with the evolving vision and strategy of the organizations that use these solutions to operate and conduct day - to - day business. eafs provide structured guidance that is divided into three main areas : 1. descriptions of architecture : how to document the enterprise as a sy... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 525 the reference architecture is built upon principles. a principle forms the foundational rules that guide its design and implementation. the reference architecture uses architectural terms as well as numerous principles, policies, and guidelines to govern the arc... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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innovation ), and systems of engagement ( i. e., focus on customer experience ). figure 10. 21 shows the evolution of ea frameworks that has taken place over the years. 526 10 • enterprise and solution architectures management access for free at openstax. org figure 10. 21 this chart shows the relationship representati... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 527 figure 10. 22 using next - generation eafs, various layers can be modeled as trust models, business models, orchestration models, shared services models, and business networks. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) to pr... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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analyzes the execution of change toward desired business vision and outcomes c4isr — command, control, computers, communications, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance • replaced technical architecture framework for information management ( it was renamed as dodaf in 2003 ) • has minimal focus on methodology u... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 529 enterprise architecture framework specifications technical architecture framework for information management • basis on which togaf is built zachman framework • more detailed than togaf in capturing view points and views, which can be filled in using adm ; does ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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level information technology architecture of the organization. it mainly focuses on four modular structures, which include application, business, technology, and data. the main purpose of defining the togaf framework was to have an architectural model that can be replicated with few errors in each progressing phase. es... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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vision patterns, process patterns, governance patterns, migration patterns, usability patterns, information patterns, business patterns, and interoperability patterns. the phases suggested by the adm are as follows : • preliminary phase. this phase defines enterprise principles, it principles, and architecture principl... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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the baseline and target business architectures. the gap analysis includes people, processes, tools, information, measurement, financial, and facilities. such modeling may include a variety of tools, including activity models, use - case models, class models, node connectivity diagrams, and information exchange matrices... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 531 figure 10. 26 phases b, c, and d of togaf amd represent multiple activities that include describing the baseline architecture, describing the target architecture, measuring gaps, evaluating impact, and drafting the road map. ( attribution : copyright rice univer... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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architecture that defines the platforms and execution environments on which the organization ’ s applications run and the data sources are hosted. the key steps involved in this phase are : 1. develop the baseline technology architecture description to the extent required to support the target technology architecture. ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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in this phase are : 532 10 • enterprise and solution architectures management access for free at openstax. org 1. formulate project recommendations 2. document architecture contract 3. establish architecture compliance review process • phase h : architecture change management. this phase establishes the process through... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 533 process content policy management organizational standards and architectures retirement of assets technology / product set table 10. 3 process and content details of architecture governance concepts in practice eam faces new challenges the business of evolving s... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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architecture • business solutions architecture • it solutions architecture the adoption road map results from implementation planning, as illustrated in step 8 of figure 10. 27. creating a road map requires a current state assessment, future state definition, and gap analysis. 534 10 • enterprise and solution architect... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 535 figure 10. 28 business and it drivers define the future state need and how it will be validated by individuals and stakeholders. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) developing business drivers requires an evaluation of... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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mis stakeholders ), business needs for the next three to five years, and the technology architecture model to support the evolving business needs with respect to best practices and strategic it goals. | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 537 figure 10. 31 the technical architecture is divided into three layers : future state business capabilities models, business needs, and the technology architecture model. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) these assets... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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components, rules, and technical services. | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 539 figure 10. 34 this sample representation of the blueprint for an information system shows all of the components and how they relate to each other. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) figure 10. 35 illustrates a sample ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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the blueprint represents the interaction and security level for each user to access the integration application and data bus. | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 541 figure 10. 36 this design shows a sample representation of the technology infrastructure architecture blueprint. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) archdev ( secops ) devops describes an approach to improving collabor... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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architecture at the conceptual, logical, and physical level of an enterprise, showing concepts, their elements, and the components that implement the elements and their interrelationships. various blueprinting templates are available to help derive architecture diagrams. figure 10. 37 illustrates a template that may be... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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4. 0 license ) to specify the conceptual business architecture of the underwriting value chain element, figure 10. 38 drills down into the “ underwriting ” value chain element. figure 10. 38 underwriting is an element of the value chain and incorporates new business and fulfillment. ( attribution : copyright rice unive... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 543 figure 10. 39 this blueprint represents interaction integration, business process integration, application integration, service integration, data integration, and infrastructure integration. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 l... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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blueprint leverages the business process management ( bpm ) architectural style. the diagram answers six questions : 1. who is initiating the business event? 2. what is the classification of the business event type? 3. what channels are provided to initiate the business event? 4. what is the method used to digitize rec... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 545 figure 10. 41 a conceptual technical architecture blueprint leverages the business process management ( bpm ) architectural style. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) figure 10. 42 illustrates a technical implementatio... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 547 figure 10. 43 technical implementation architecture blueprint shown earlier with callouts specifying products and related vendors selected to implement and deploy the solution. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) human... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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solution architectures. cloud - based architectures and related patterns big clouds ( e. g., amazon aws, google cloud platform, ibm cloud, microsoft azure ) are available today to help put together complex solutions in an enterprise context by providing platform as a service ( paas ) capabilities that can be assembled ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 • enterprise architecture management frameworks 549 software, and services that run on the internet instead of on a local computer. while microservices architectures are mainly oriented toward providing backend services, the approach is also being used to enable solutions ’ front ends. each service runs in its ow... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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power or network bandwidth to support demand rather than scaling out other areas of the application that do not need to be scaled, which results in cost savings because less hardware is required. 550 10 • enterprise and solution architectures management access for free at openstax. org | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 3 solution architecture management learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • identify software engineering process patterns • describe the progression from software models to software implementation the process of managing, designing, and describing the solution engineering in relation... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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of these tools, making daily tasks more seamless. link to learning to learn more about enterprise architecture and how it is used in modern business and tech, explore the | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 3 • solution architecture management 551 websites of industry publications like cio magazine for current insights and trends ( https : / / openstax. org / r / 76entarch ) in technology management. from software models to software implementation recall that a subsystem is a set of collaborating components that perfo... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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software engineers to follow, while software engineering activities provide feedback that helps architectural decisions. given the fact that architecture is maintained at various levels of scope within the enterprise, how do architecture activities integrate with software engineering activities? figure 10. 46 illustrat... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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system notable or identifiable ; it is also a transformation that is imposed on the design of the entire software system. in any software system, there is a set of architectural constraints that restrict the roles / features of architectural elements. an architectural style corresponds to coordinated roles and allows r... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 3 • solution architecture management 553 relationships between subsystems. finally, refining the subsystems or components of the software system, or the relationships between them, is the rule of a design pattern. this provides a scheme that describes a commonly recurring structure of communicating components and s... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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##s. memes ( i. e., metaphors ) specify the subsystems ’ collaboration within a given domain. you can reuse the mini - architectures along with a meme to create the framework, which is not an architectural pattern but rather a skeleton with a collection of “ plug points ” that enable the framework to be adapted to a sp... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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architecture blueprint. global issues in technology security of architecture management around the globe global issues in technology can have significant implications for solution architecture management worldwide. solution architecture management needs to address data protection regulations, ensure secure handling of ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 3 • solution architecture management 555 chapter review key terms abstract representation used to hide background details agile ea management ( aeam ) methodology used for software development and project management ; aeam breaks individual projects into smaller pieces to be easier to manage, which speeds up design... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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conduct day - to - day business enterprise architecture management ( eam ) helps guide the adoption of technology stacks and corresponding implementation frameworks framework implementation - specific skeletal subsystem for design work governance processes and organizational structures that ensure compliance with the r... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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solution architecture management managing, designing, and describing the solution engineering in relation to specific business problems solutions architect manager responsible for building teams, establishing relationships, setting strategy, and measuring and delivering results for any problem or opportunity the enterp... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 1 patterns management • a pattern documents a recurring problem / solution pairing within a given context. • patterns can be used to construct architectures at various levels of scope to guarantee specific properties. • patterns are classified as design or implementation centric. design - centric patterns are organ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 2 enterprise architecture management frameworks • enterprise architecture ( ea ) is a comprehensive, well - defined approach of business planning to utilize information technology to meet the objectives of the business vision by aligning business and technology strategies. • enterprises focus on activities that all... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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with planning and maintaining business goals over time through technology. • archdev is an example of an accelerated architecture - driven digital transformation process, which helps companies proactively embed stakeholder interests and sustainability into the company ’ s digital growth. • agile ea management ( aeam ) ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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10. 3 solution architecture management • solution architecture management is managing, designing, and describing the solution engineering in relation to specific business problems. • the software process can be defined as a collection of patterns that define a set of activities, actions, and tasks required to develop c... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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##ble template in the form of a problem - solution pair within a given context? a. patterns management b. pattern hierarchy c. pattern d. pattern catalog 3. what is the term for abstract patterns located at the top of the pattern hierarchy that capture a set of characteristics and features that make a structure identif... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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context, and identifies the system of forces that hold sway, such as design quality attributes? a. architecture model b. requirements model c. business model d. operating model 16. what is a solutions architect manager responsible for? a. determining user and system requirements b. writing test cases for verification a... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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such as amazon and netflix have adopted microservices. what are the benefits of implementing a microservice design pattern according to these companies? 4. give an example of a framework that can be used to integrate the togaf architecture domains. what is the benefit of integration? 5. research zachman and feaf. which... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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pattern catalog for cloud - based implementation 10 • chapter review 561 architectures ( it is fine to limit the scope of vendors used to implement the solution ). 7. perform some research on the internet and provide a pattern catalog for microservices implementation architectures ( it is fine to limit the scope of ven... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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architecture for a vaccine passport as a smart contract on the blockchain platform. 9. what is a software stack and what role does it play in solution architecture management? 10. research what the term full stack developer means. why would this skill set be useful to an organization? do you think this skill set provid... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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the cost of doing business while increasing its number of customers ). labs 1. creating a pattern catalog involves systematic documentation and organization of patterns that can be easily referenced and utilized by developers and architects. search on the web for the steps to create a corresponding pattern catalog. 2. ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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11. 6 sample ethereum blockchain web 2. 0 / web 3. 0 application introduction techworks is creating several web applications this year for a new product line. one application is an ai - image generator website and auction house for selling images. an outside consultant has been brought in, and they have determined that... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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11. 1 modern web applications architectures learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • understand the use of server - side rendering and mvc patterns • relate to the technology used to create responsive web 2. 0 applications • become familiar with the technology used to create native mobile... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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. this made it possible to protect the sharing of sensitive information over the web from eavesdropping attacks. while web servers only served web pages initially, a common gateway interface ( cgi ) was subsequently added after the initial implementation of web servers to make it possible to link to applications via ur... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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browsers for presentation purposes. ajax technology was later introduced to enable a more complete implementation of mvc on the web that allowed asynchronous updates to page components and did not require refreshing pages in the browser to fetch data. following moore ’ s law, which states that the number of transistors... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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is collectively owned by users. the use of other technologies like generative artificial intelligence ( genai ), which is powered by machine learning, aims to | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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11. 1 • modern web applications architectures 567 improve information access by mediating end - user searches to generate corresponding meaningful information out of the content available on the web. while the benefits of artificial intelligence and machine learning are vast, enabling enhanced data processing and decis... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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landscape, commonly referred to as the trifecta : • hypertext markup language ( html ) : a standard markup language used to describe the structure and content of web pages. • cascading style sheets ( css ) : a standard style sheet language used to alter the presentation style of the content found in html ( or other mar... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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and the client ( web browser ) would present what it received. the browser in this model acts as a thin client, as it has minimal functionality. figure 11. 4 illustrates the components of a traditional web 2. 0 architecture using java - based technologies. notice the shift in user interaction with the website compared ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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implemented as part of the web application ), and persistence layers were needed to improve the quality and performance of the website while leveraging engineering expertise in given domains. as you learned in chapter 10 enterprise and solution architectures management, the model - view - controller pattern is tailored... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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11. 1 • modern web applications architectures 569 functionalities provided by each component. high cohesion ensures that everything that is needed to provide a specific functionality is included in one of the components. for example, on a banking website, functionality for deposits and withdrawals may be collocated on ... | openstax_introduction_to_computer_science_-_web | [
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