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X/YMODEM Protocol Reference 10-27-87 4
2. YMODEM MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
All programs claiming to support YMODEM must meet the following minimum
requirements:
+ The sending program shall send the pathname (file name) in block 0.
+ The pathname shall be a null terminated ASCII string as described
below.
+ The receiving program shall use this pathname for the received file
name, unless explicitly overridden.
+ The sending program shall use CRC-16 in response to a "C" pathname
nak, otherwise use 8 bit checksum.
+ The receiving program must accept any mixture of 128 and 1024 byte
blocks within each file it receives. Sending programs may switch
between 1024 and 128 byte blocks at the end of file(s), and when the
frequency of retransmissions so suggests.
+ The sending program must not change the length of an unacknowledged
block.
+ At the end of each file, the sending program shall send EOT up to ten
times until it receives an ACK character. (This is part of the
XMODEM spec.)
+ The end of a transfer session shall be signified by a null (empty)
pathname.
Programs not meeting all of these requirements are not YMODEM compatible,
and shall not be described as supporting YMODEM.
Meeting these MINIMUM requirements does not guarantee reliable file
transfers under stress. Particular attention is called to XMODEM's single
character supervisory messages that are easily corrupted by transmission
errors.
Chapter 2
X/YMODEM Protocol Reference 10-27-87 5
3. WHY YMODEM?
Since its development half a decade ago, the Ward Christensen modem
protocol has enabled a wide variety of computer systems to interchange
data. There is hardly a communications program that doesn't at least
claim to support this protocol.
Advances in computing, modems and networking have revealed a number of
weaknesses in the original protocol:
+ The short block length caused throughput to suffer when used with
timesharing systems, packet switched networks, satellite circuits,
and buffered (error correcting) modems.
+ The 8 bit arithmetic checksum and other aspects allowed line
impairments to interfere with dependable, accurate transfers.
+ Only one file could be sent per command. The file name had to be
given twice, first to the sending program and then again to the
receiving program.
+ The transmitted file could accumulate as many as 127 extraneous
bytes.
+ The modification date of the file was lost.
A number of other protocols have been developed over the years, but none
have displaced XMODEM to date: