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YMODEM wherein ACKs for data blocks are not used. YMODEM-g is
essentially insensitive to network delays. Because it does not support
error recovery, YMODEM-g must be used hard wired or with a reliable
link level protocol. Successful application at high speed requires
cafeful attention to transparent flow control. When YMODEM-g detects a
CRC error, data transfers are aborted. YMODEM-g is easy to implement
because it closely resembles standard YMODEM.
o+ WWWWXXXXMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM,,,, SSSSEEEEAAAAlllliiiinnnnkkkk,,,, and MMMMEEEEGGGGAAAAlllliiiinnnnkkkk have applied a subset of ZMODEM's
techniques to "Classic XMODEM" to improve upon their suppliers'
previous offerings. They provide good performance under ideal
conditions.
Another XMODEM "extension" is protocol cheating, such as Omen Technology's
OOOOvvvveeeerrrrTTTThhhhrrrruuuusssstttteeeerrrr((((TTTTMMMM)))) and OOOOvvvveeeerrrrTTTThhhhrrrruuuusssstttteeeerrrr IIIIIIII((((TTTTMMMM)))). These improve XMODEM throughput
under some conditions by compromising error recovery.
The ZMODEM Protocol corrects the weaknesses described above while
maintaining as much of XMODEM/CRC's simplicity and prior art as possible.
3. ZZZZMMMMOOOODDDDEEEEMMMM PPPPrrrroooottttooooccccoooollll DDDDeeeessssiiiiggggnnnn CCCCrrrriiiitttteeeerrrriiiiaaaa
The design of a file transfer protocol is an engineering compromise
between conflicting requirements:
3.1 EEEEaaaasssseeee ooooffff UUUUsssseeee
o+ ZMODEM allows either program to initiate file transfers, passing
commands and/or modifiers to the other program.
o+ File names need be entered only once.
o+ Menu selections are supported.
Chapter 3 Rev 10-27-87 Typeset 10-27-87 4
Chapter 3 ZMODEM Protocol 5
o+ Wild Card names may be used with batch transfers.
o+ Minimum keystrokes required to initiate transfers.
o+ ZRQINIT frame sent by sending program can trigger automatic downloads.
o+ ZMODEM can step down to YMODEM if the other end does not support
ZMODEM.[1]
3.2 TTTThhhhrrrroooouuuugggghhhhppppuuuutttt
All file transfer protocols make tradeoffs between throughput,
reliability, universality, and complexity according to the technology and
knowledge base available to their designers.
In the design of ZMODEM, three applications deserve special attention.
o+ Network applications with significant delays (relative to character
transmission time) and low error rate
o+ Timesharing and buffered modem applications with significant delays
and throughput that is quickly degraded by reverse channel traffic.
ZMODEM's economy of reverse channel bandwidth allows modems that
dynamically partition bandwidth between the two directions to operate
at optimal speeds. Special ZMODEM features allow simple, efficient
implementation on a wide variety of timesharing hosts.
o+ Direct modem to modem communications with high error rate
Unlike Sliding Windows Kermit, ZMODEM is not optimized for optimum
throughput when error rate and delays are both high. This tradeoff
markedly reduces code complexity and memory requirements. ZMODEM
generally provides faster error recovery than network compatible XMODEM
implementations.
In the absence of network delays, rapid error recovery is possible, much
faster than MEGAlink and network compatible versions of YMODEM and XMODEM.
File transfers begin immediately regardless of which program is started
first, without the 10 second delay associated with XMODEM.
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