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A Six-Step Model for Evaluation of Community-based Physical Activity Programs | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Sarah</surname><given-names>Levin Martin</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><aff>Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Physical Activity and Health Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease C... | Preventing Chronic Disease | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Physical activity is a leading health indicator (<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>) and has numerous benefits, including reduced risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, colon cancer, and diabetes (<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>). Regular physical activity can help... |
Identifying Best Practices for WISEWOMAN Programs Using a Mixed-Methods Evaluation | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Besculides</surname><given-names>Melanie</given-names></name><degrees>DrPH</degrees><role>Senior Public Health Researcher</role><aff>Mathematica Policy Research, Inc</aff><address><email>mbesculides@mathematica-mpr.com</email><addr-line>955 Massachusetts Ave, ... | Preventing Chronic Disease | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>There is no doubt that public health programs should follow best practices. In the programmatic setting, best practices are the processes that lead to the implementation of the most appropriate intervention for a given location and population (<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>).... |
This World Is Yours | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilcox</surname><given-names>Lynne S.</given-names></name><degrees>MD, MPH</degrees><role>Editor in Chief</role></contrib> | Preventing Chronic Disease | <p>
<italic>This land is your land, this land is my land, from California to the New York Island . . .</italic> (<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>). When Woody Guthrie wrote and sang these lyrics in 1940, the song was more than a paean to a beautiful country. It was a call to recognize the inherent dignity of the... |
A Community Coalition Board Creates a Set of Values for Community-based Research | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Blumenthal</surname><given-names>Daniel S</given-names></name><degrees>MD, MPH</degrees><role>Professor and Chair</role><aff>Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine</aff><address><email>dblumenthal@msm.edu</email><a... | Preventing Chronic Disease | <sec><title>Background</title><p>During the last 30 years, researchers have been rethinking the relationship between researchers and research participants. <italic>The</italic>
<italic>Belmont Report</italic> (<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>) outlined three ethical principles to help researchers protect the rig... |
Practical Program Evaluation: Assessing and Improving Planning, Implementation, and Effectiveness | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lavinghouze</surname><given-names>S. René</given-names></name><aff>Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga</aff></contrib> | Preventing Chronic Disease | <fig position="anchor" id="F1" fig-type="diagram"><alt-text>Cover of Practical Program Evaluation: Assessing and Improving Planning, Implementation, and Effectiveness</alt-text><graphic xlink:href="PCD31A25s01" position="float"/></fig><p>
<italic>Practical Program Evaluation: Assessing and Improving Planning, Implement... |
Identifying Geographic Disparities in the Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using a Geographic Information System | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>McElroy</surname><given-names>Jane A</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><aff>Comprehensive Cancer Center</aff><address><email>jamcelroy@wisc.edu</email><addr-line>610 Walnut St, 307 WARF, Madison, WI 53726</addr-line><phone>608-265-8780</phone></address... | Preventing Chronic Disease | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Geographic differences in health status and use of health services have been reported in the United States and internationally (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>), including stage of breast cancer incidence and mammography screening practices (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</x... |
Using Focus Groups in the Consumer Research Phase of a Social Marketing Program to Promote Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity and Walking Trail Use in Sumter County, South Carolina | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Burroughs</surname><given-names>Ericka</given-names></name><degrees>MA, MPH</degrees><role>Program Coordinator</role><aff>Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina</aff><address><email>burrouge@gwm.sc.edu</email><... | Preventing Chronic Disease | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>In a community-based participatory research study funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), researchers worked with a community advisory council to design a social marketing program promoting moderate-intensity physical activity (specifically walking and trail us... |
The Prevention Research Centers Healthy Aging Research Network | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Lang</surname><given-names>Jason E</given-names></name><degrees>MS, MPH</degrees><aff>Health Care and Aging Studies Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control... | Preventing Chronic Disease | <sec><title>Background</title><p>In 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Healthy Aging program issued a request for proposals to create a Prevention Research Centers Healthy Aging Research Network (PRC–HAN). The plan for this network was guided by the principles underlying academic�... |
The Impact of Inequality: How to Make Sick Societies Healthier | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Szaflarski</surname><given-names>Magdalena</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><aff>Institute for the Study of Health, Department of Family Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio</aff></contrib> | Preventing Chronic Disease | <fig position="anchor" id="F1" fig-type="diagram"><alt-text>Cover of The Impact of Inequality: How to Make Sick Societies Healthier</alt-text><graphic xlink:href="PCD31A26s01" position="float"/></fig><p>
<italic>The Impact of Inequality: How to Make Sick Societies Healthier</italic>, by Richard G. Wilkinson, is a seque... |
Evaluating Progress Toward Healthy People 2010 National Diabetes Objectives | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Mukhtar</surname><given-names>Qaiser</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><role>Epidemiologist</role><aff>Applied Behavioral Research, Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Program Evaluation Team, Program Development Branch, Division of Diabetes Translation, C... | Preventing Chronic Disease | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Diabetes and its associated burden are continuously evolving (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>). More than 18 million adults in the United States have diabetes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>). People with diabetes are at increased risk of developing complications such... |
Development of the Diabetes Indicators and Data Sources Internet Tool (DIDIT) | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Mukhtar</surname><given-names>Qaiser</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><aff>Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</aff><address><email>qam2@cdc.gov</email><addr-line>4770 Buford Hwy, Mail Stop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30... | Preventing Chronic Disease | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>The Diabetes Indicators and Data Sources Internet Tool (DIDIT) is a Web-based resource designed to strengthen the capacity of the staff and partners of state-based Diabetes Prevention and Control Programs (DPCPs) and staff of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC... |
Hereditary profiles of disorderly transcription? | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Microscopic examination of living cells often reveals that cells from some cell strains appear to be in a permanent state of disarray without obvious reason. In all probability such a disorderly state affects cell functioning.</p><p>The aim of this study was to establish whether a disor... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Simons</surname><given-names>Johannes WIM</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>j.w.i.m.simons@lumc.nl</email></contrib> | Biology Direct | <sec><title>Open peer review</title><p>Reviewed by Trey Ideker, Itai Yanai and Stephan Beck. For the full reviews, please go to the Reviewers' comments section.</p></sec><sec><title>Background</title><p>Within a living cell there will always be "spontaneous" variation in functioning. The origin of this variation could ... |
Pathogenesis and vertical transmission of a transplacental rat cytomegalovirus | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) congenital infection is the major viral cause of well-documented birth defects in human. Because CMV is species-specific, the main obstacle to developing animal models for congenital infection is the difference in placental architecture, which preludes virus transm... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Loh</surname><given-names>Hwei-San</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>sandylhs@mail2world.com</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohd-Lila</surname><given-names>Mohd-Azmi</given-names></... | Virology Journal | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most frequent congenital infection in humans worldwide, with an incidence of 0.2–2.2% of live births [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. One major concern of CMV congenital infection is birth d... |
Role of CD8+ cells in controlling replication of nonpathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac1A11 | <p>Infection of macaques with the avirulent molecular clone SIVmac1A11 results in transient low viremia and no disease. To investigate if this low viremia is solely due to intrinsic poor replication fitness or is mediated by efficient immune-mediated control, 5 macaques were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac1A11. Th... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Rompay</surname><given-names>Koen KA</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>kkvanrompay@ucdavis.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blackwood</surname><given-names>Emily J</given-name... | Virology Journal | <sec><title/><p>Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques has proven useful for modeling HIV disease pathogenesis and intervention strategies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>]. While infection of macaques with most SIV isolates results eventually in an AID... |
Prevalence of visual impairment in relation to the number of ophthalmologists in a given area: a nationwide approach | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Sociological and economic risk factors of visual impairment have never been described in France at a national level as the association between the number of ophthalmologists per inhabitant and visual impairment prevalence.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>Two na... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lafuma</surname><given-names>Antoine J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>antoine.lafuma@cemka.fr</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brézin</surname><given-names>Antoine P</given-names></name>... | Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Visual impairment was responsible for 2,286,000 'disability adjusted life years' in the high income countries in 2001 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. The cost of blindness to the Australian government and community was estimated at between AUS$ 9,749 and AUS$ 26,720 per patie... |
Quality of life in patients with psoriasis | <p>Psoriasis is one of the prevalent skin conditions in the United States. This chronic condition has a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. Psoriasis has been linked to the depression and suicidal tendencies in the patients. The costs associated with decrements in quality of life, lost productivit... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhosle</surname><given-names>Monali J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>bhosle.1@osu.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kulkarni</surname><given-names>Amit</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff... | Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | <sec><title>Review</title><sec><title>Psoriasis: a growing problem</title><p>Psoriasis affects approximately 2% of the world's population, with men and women being equally affected [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. In the United States (US) about 250,000 new cases of psoriasis are observed annually, affecting ... |
Publishing proteomic data | <p>Scientific publications should provide sufficient detail in terms of methodology and presented data to enable the community to reproduce the methodology to generate similar data and arrive at the same conclusion, if an identical sample is provided for analysis. The advent of high-throughput methods in biological exp... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Latterich</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>martin.latterich@mcgill.ca</email></contrib> | Proteome Science | <sec><title>Editorial</title><p>Historically, most scientific publications included a detailed methodology section that provided details on source of reagents, information, such as batch or lot numbers, and a description of methodology that would enable another research group to follow the same procedures. Given the sa... |
End of life content in geriatric textbooks: what is the current situation? | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Physicians caring for elderly people encounter death and dying more frequently than their colleagues in most other disciplines. Therefore we sought to examine the end-of-life content in popular geriatric textbooks and determine their usefulness in helping geriatricians manage patients a... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Huei Yaw</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>huei_yaw_wu@ttsh.com.sg</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Malik</surname><given-names>Farida A</given-names></name><... | BMC Palliative Care | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Over the past three decades, end-of-life care has become an essential aspect of medical care in many parts of the world. Debates on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia have further increased interest in palliative care in recent years.</p><p>Despite greater awareness amongst medic... |
Protective effect of EDTA preadministration on renal ischemia | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Chelation therapy with sodium edetate (EDTA) improved renal function and slowed the progression of renal insufficiency in patients subjected to lead intoxication. This study was performed to identify the underlying mechanism of the ability of EDTA treatment to protect kidneys from damag... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Foglieni</surname><given-names>Chiara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>foglieni.chiara@hsr.it</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fulgenzi</surname><given-names>Alessandro</given-names></name><xref r... | BMC Nephrology | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Chelation therapy with sodium edetate (EDTA) has been successfully used to treat chronic lead intoxication [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. More specifically, in patients affected by chronic renal insufficiency due to environmental lead ... |
Posttransplantation malignancy in a patient presenting with weight loss and changed bowel habits: a case report | <sec><title>Backround</title><p>Advancements in immunosuppressive therapy have significantly improved patient and graft survival following renal transplantation. This is paralleled by an increasing occurrence of posttransplantation malignancy.</p></sec><sec><title>Case presentation</title><p>We report on a patient who ... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schmitt</surname><given-names>Roland</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>roland.schmitt@yale.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kettritz</surname><given-names>Ute</given-names></name>... | BMC Nephrology | <sec><title>Backround</title><p>Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for appropriate patients with chronic renal failure. With advancements in immunosuppressive therapy patient and graft survival have significantly improved over the last decades. This achievement of long-term organ acceptance, however, coi... |
E-selectin S128R polymorphism and severe coronary artery disease in Arabs | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The E-selectin p. S128R (g. A561C) polymorphism has been associated with the presence of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) in some populations, but no data is currently available on its association with CAD in Arabs.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>In ... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abu-Amero</surname><given-names>Khaled K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>kamero@kfshrc.edu.sa</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Boudari</surname><given-names>Olayan M</given-names... | BMC Medical Genetics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>E-selectin (endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule; ELAM1) is an 11-kD cell surface glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells after activation by cytokines, and mediates adhesion of circulating monocytes and lymphocytes to endothelial cells. This adherence to activated arterial endot... |
Dioxin-like activities in serum across European and Inuit populations | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-<italic>p</italic>-dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides can cause a series of adverse effects on e.g. reproduction in animals and humans, many of which involve the aryl hydroca... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Long</surname><given-names>Manhai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>ml@mil.au.dk</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Andersen</surname><given-names>Birgitte S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" ... | Environmental Health | <sec><title>1. Background</title><p>The polychlorinated dibenzo-<italic>p</italic>-dioxins/furans (PCDDs/PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides, such as 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), are prominent among the persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Owing to their negat... |
Influence of gold nanoparticles on collagen fibril morphology quantified using transmission electron microscopy and image analysis | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Development of implantable biosensors for disease detection is challenging because of poor biocompatibility of synthetic materials. A possible solution involves engineering interface materials that promote selfassembly and adhesion of autologous cells on sensor surfaces. Crosslinked typ... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haidekker</surname><given-names>Mark A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>HaidekkerM@missouri.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boettcher</surname><given-names>Lisa W</given-names><... | BMC Medical Imaging | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Implantable biosensors suffer from biofouling and fibrous encapsulation. The key to success with long term implantable sensors lies in integrating the sensor with the surrounding tissue to avoid the immune response. For example, intravascular devices could be coated with autologous endo... |
The effect of web based depression interventions on self reported help seeking: randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN77824516] | <sec><title>Background</title><p>To date, there has been very little work investigating behaviour changes induced by interventions that are designed to increase help seeking. The present paper examines the effects of two Internet depression websites on help seeking.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</titl... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Christensen</surname><given-names>Helen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>Helen.Christensen@anu.edu.au</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leach</surname><given-names>Liana S</given-name... | BMC Psychiatry | <sec><title>Background</title><p>There is recognition from the results of representative epidemiological surveys that most adults with mental health problems do not receive treatment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>].</p><p>Despite this, there has been very little researc... |
Genetic analysis of male reproductive success in relation to density in the zebrafish, <italic>Danio rerio</italic> | <sec><title>Background</title><p>We used behavioural and genetic data to investigate the effects of density on male reproductive success in the zebrafish, <italic>Danio rerio</italic>. Based on previous measurements of aggression and courtship behaviour by territorial males, we predicted that they would sire more offsp... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spence</surname><given-names>Rowena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>rs153@le.ac.uk</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jordan</surname><given-names>William C</given-names></name><xref ... | Frontiers in Zoology | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The advent of genetic parentage analysis has had a substantial impact on our understanding of animal mating systems. Many socially monogamous species have proven to be genetically polygamous [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>], while territorial or harem-holding males have frequen... |
Outcome assessment of the VADO approach in psychiatric rehabilitation: a partially randomised multicentric trial | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Recent studies on representative samples of psychiatric services have shown that low proportions of cases received effective rehabilitation interventions. The following are likely to be the most important causes: the scarcity of mental health workers trained in social and work skills st... | <contrib contrib-type="author" id="A1"><name><surname>Pioli</surname><given-names>Rosaria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>rpioli@fbf.it</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Vittorielli</surname><given-names>Michela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="af... | Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The results of a recent study on a representative sample of Italian psychiatric services [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] have shown that only 35% of patients with schizophrenia who live with their own family follow a rehabilitation programme and that such rehabilitation progra... |
Work, identity and health | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Fryers</surname><given-names>Tom</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>yanyak@doctors.org.uk</email></contrib> | Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH | <sec><title>Personal introduction</title><p>Having free-lanced as a public health physician for over a decade, with the inevitable variation in both the avaiIability and type of work, 'retirement' is, perhaps, a vaguer concept than for those with conventional full time jobs. In my middle sixties, I was drifting towards... |
Muscle dissatisfaction in young adult men | <sec><title>Backround</title><p>Appearance concerns are of increasing importance in young men's lives. We investigated whether muscle dissatisfaction is associated with psychological symptoms, dietary supplement or anabolic steroid use, or physical activity in young men.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>As a part... | <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Raevuori</surname><given-names>Anu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>anu.raevuori@helsinki.fi</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Keski-Rahkonen</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names><... | Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Men are increasingly concerned about the way they look: a moderately or extremely muscular body is widely accepted as an ideal body shape for young men, creating discrepancy between the actual and desired body size and shape [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr"... |
The effect of a worksite based walking programme on cardiovascular risk in previously sedentary civil servants [NCT00284479] | <sec><title>Background</title><p>A significant proportion of Europeans do not meet the recommendations for 30 mins of physical activity 5 times per week. Whether lower frequency, moderate intensity exercise alters cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has received little attention. This study examined the effects of 45 min... | <contrib id="A1" equal-contrib="yes" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murphy</surname><given-names>Marie H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>mh.murphy@ulster.ac.uk</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" equal-contrib="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murtagh</surname... | BMC Public Health | <sec><title>Background</title><p>It has become increasingly clear that many of the chronic diseases we face today are associated fundamentally with the pervasive sedentariness of modern lifestyle. In Northern Ireland at least 2000 people die each year due to an inactive lifestyle and the avoidable cost of inactivity to... |
Health seeking behaviour, health system experience and tuberculosis case finding in Gambians with cough | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Studies in Africa investigating health-seeking behaviour by interviewing tuberculosis patients have revealed patient knowledge issues and significant delays to diagnosis. We aimed to study health-seeking behaviour and experience of those with cough in The Gambia and to identify whether ... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kasse</surname><given-names>Yaya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>yayak25@hotmail.com</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jasseh</surname><given-names>Momodou</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff"... | BMC Public Health | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Tuberculosis (TB) causes approximately 2 million deaths per year[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. 98% occur in low-income countries[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. Directly observed therapy (DOTS), the main strategy for TB control globally, relies on self-presentation... |
Self-reported drug utilization, health, and lifestyle factors among 70–74 year old community dwelling individuals in Western Norway. The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) | <sec><title>Background</title><p>To examine the level and patterns of self-reported medication use (prescription and non-prescription drugs) among 70–74 year old individuals living in the community, and to explore self-reported indications for use, and factors possibly predictive of drug use.</p></sec><sec sec-... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brekke</surname><given-names>Mette</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>mette.brekke@medisin.uio.no</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hunskaar</surname><given-names>Steinar</given-names><... | BMC Public Health | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Elderly people are the major drug users in the community [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. In old age, complex medical conditions are relatively frequent, which may indicate multiple drug therapy. In Sweden, drug use among elderly probands has been surveyed over many years [<xr... |
Views of new internal medicine faculty of their preparedness and competence in physician-patient communication | <sec><title>Background</title><p>We sought to assess self-rated importance of the medical interview to clinical practice and competence in physician-patient communication among new internal medicine faculty at an academic medical center.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>Since 2001, new internal... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mueller</surname><given-names>Paul S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>mueller.pauls@mayo.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barrier</surname><... | BMC Medical Education | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Medical interviewing is one of the most important skills in medicine and effective physician-patient communication is essential for optimal medical care. Effective physician-patient communication is associated with improved patient satisfaction [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<... |
Role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of COPD and pulmonary emphysema | <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic inflammation of the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma, a process that in most cases is initiated by cigarette smoking. Several mechanisms are involved in the development of the disease: influx of inflammatory cells into the... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demedts</surname><given-names>Ingel K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>M.DemedtsIngelK@UGent.be</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demoor</surname><given-names>Tine</given-names></name... | Respiratory Research | <sec><title>Review</title><p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases (mainly cigarette smoke). This leads to chronic bronchitis-bronchiolitis (small airways disease) and/or emphysem... |
An analysis of intra array repeats: the good, the bad and the non informative | <sec><title>Background</title><p>On most common microarray platforms many genes are represented by multiple probes. Although this is quite common no one has systematically explored the concordance between probes mapped to the same gene.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Here we present an analysis of all the cases... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elbez</surname><given-names>Yedid</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>yedid.e@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farkash-Amar</surname><given-names>Shlomit</given-names></name><xref ref-type=... | BMC Genomics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>High density DNA microarrays are extensively used by biologists in order to gain information about the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. The advantage of the genomic approach is that it allows the study of cell behavior on the systems level rather than on the gene ... |
Microsatellite polymorphism across the <italic>M. tuberculosis </italic>and <italic>M. bovis </italic>genomes: Implications on genome evolution and plasticity | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Microsatellites are the tandem repeats of nucleotide motifs of size 1–6 bp observed in all known genomes. These repeats show length polymorphism characterized by either insertion or deletion (indels) of the repeat units, which in and around the coding regions affect transcriptio... | <contrib id="A1" equal-contrib="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sreenu</surname><given-names>Vattipally B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>sreenu@cdfd.org.in</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" equal-contrib="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>P... | BMC Genomics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats, are the short nucleotide segments comprising tandem repeating motifs of length 1–6 bp [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. They are present in all genomes known to date [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref r... |
Production and utilization of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray in channel catfish, <italic>Ictalurus punctatus</italic> | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Functional analysis of the catfish genome will be useful for the identification of genes controlling traits of economic importance, especially innate disease resistance. However, this species lacks a platform for global gene expression profiling, so we designed a first generation high-d... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Robert W</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>rli@anri.barc.usda.gov</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waldbieser</surname><... | BMC Genomics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The channel catfish, <italic>Ictalurus punctatus</italic>, is native to North America and is from the order Siluriformes (superorder Ostariophysi) which is considered more primitive among teleosts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. Commerc... |
LINE FUSION GENES: a database of LINE expression in human genes | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs) are the most abundant retrotransposons in humans. About 79% of human genes are estimated to contain at least one segment of LINE per transcription unit. Recent studies have shown that LINE elements can affect protein sequences, splicing pattern... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Dae-Soo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>kds2465@pusan.ac.kr</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Tae-Hyung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff"... | BMC Genomics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Most retroelements have been considered harmful because they cause accumulation of insertion and deletion mutations in the host genome [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. Mutation of retroelements could affect gene transcription and translation. However, recent investigations hav... |
Differential evolutionary conservation of motif modes in the yeast protein interaction network | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The importance of a network motif (a recurring interconnected pattern of special topology which is over-represented in a biological network) lies in its position in the hierarchy between the protein molecule and the module in a protein-protein interaction network. Until now, however, th... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Wei-Po</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>wplee@nuk.edu.tw</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeng</surname><given-names>Bing-Chiang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" ... | BMC Genomics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>In the post-genomic era, one major goal of functional genomics has been to identify and analyze molecular interactions in a cellular context to better understand the mechanisms according to which biological molecules interact and function. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a specif... |
The subplacenta of the red-rumped agouti <italic>(Dasyprocta leporina L)</italic> | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Hystricognath rodents have a lobed placenta, comprising labyrinthine exchange areas and interlobular trophoblast. These correspond to the labyrinthine and spongy zones of other rodent placentae. Beneath them, however, is a structure unique to hystricognath rodents called the subplacenta... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rodrigues</surname><given-names>Rosangela Felipe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>rosangelafelipe@uol.com.br</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carter</surname><given-names>Anthony M</... | Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>The hystricognath rodents (Suborder Hystricomorpha, Infraorder Hystricognathi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]) appeared in the Eocene and underwent an extensive radiation in the Miocene. At this time they were able to capitalize upon the emergence of grasslands for which the... |
Causal thinking and causal language in epidemiology: a cause by any other name is still a cause: <italic>response to Lipton and Ødegaard</italic> | Could not extract abstract | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tam</surname><given-names>Clarence C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>clarence.tam@lshtm.ac.uk</email></contrib> | Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations | <sec><title/><p>I have great sympathy with the thoughts of Lipton and Ødegaard [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] – the assessment and communication of "causal" associations is a source of continual frustration for epidemiologists. The authors' lucid account of the use of causal language in epide... |
Maximum static inspiratory and expiratory pressures with different lung volumes | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Maximum pressures developed by the respiratory muscles can indicate the health of the respiratory system, help to determine maximum respiratory flow rates, and contribute to respiratory power development. Past measurements of maximum pressures have been found to be inadequate for inclus... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lausted</surname><given-names>Christopher G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>clausted@systemsbiology.org</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>Arthur T</give... | BioMedical Engineering OnLine | <sec><title>Background</title><p>While maximum respiratory pressures at the mouth have been measured in numerous subjects, less data exists to characterize maximum pressures as they vary with lung volume. Maximum pressure is volume dependent because muscle tension is length dependent, because muscle tension produces hi... |
Antenna design for microwave hepatic ablation using an axisymmetric electromagnetic model | <sec><title>Background</title><p>An axisymmetric finite element method (FEM) model was employed to demonstrate important techniques used in the design of antennas for hepatic microwave ablation (MWA). To effectively treat deep-seated hepatic tumors, these antennas should produce a highly localized specific absorption r... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertram</surname><given-names>John M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>jmbertram@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Deshan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff... | BioMedical Engineering OnLine | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Liver cancer is a significant worldwide public health issue. The disease has a mortality rate of 100% at 5 years in untreated cases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] and results in the deaths of more than one million people each year worldwide [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2... |
A defined medium to investigate sliding motility in a <italic>Bacillus subtilis </italic>flagella-less mutant | <sec><title>Background</title><p>We have recently shown that undomesticated strains of <italic>Bacillus subtilis </italic>can extensively colonize the surfaces of rich, semi-solid media, by a flagellum-independent mechanism and suggested that sliding motility is responsible for surface migration. Here we have used a fl... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fall</surname><given-names>Ray</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>fall@colorado.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kearns</surname><given-names>Daniel B</given-names></name><xref ref... | BMC Microbiology | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Bacteria use a variety of motility mechanisms to colonize environments, including flagella-dependent swimming and swarming, and flagella-independent, twitching, gliding, and sliding (reviewed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]). Of these motility mechanisms, the least investig... |
Investigating the role of small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) in the resistance of <italic>Clostridium perfringens </italic>spores to heat | <sec><title>Background</title><p><italic>Clostridium perfringens </italic>type A food poisoning is caused by enterotoxigenic <italic>C. perfringens </italic>type A isolates that typically possess high spore heat-resistance. The molecular basis for <italic>C. perfringens </italic>spore heat-resistance remains unknown. I... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raju</surname><given-names>Deepa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>rajud@onid.orst.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Waters</surname><given-names>Michael</g... | BMC Microbiology | <sec><title>Background</title><p><italic>Clostridium perfringens </italic>is a gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium that has long been recognized as a significant cause of histotoxic and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in both humans and animals [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr"... |
Status of insecticide susceptibility in <italic>Anopheles arabiensis </italic>from Mwea rice irrigation scheme, Central Kenya | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Control of the Anopheline mosquito vectors of malaria by use of insecticides has been shown to impact on both morbidity and mortality due to this disease. Evidence of insecticide resistance in different settings necessitates surveillance studies to allow prompt detection of resistance s... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kamau</surname><given-names>Luna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>lkamau@ke.cdc.gov</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vulule</surname><given-names>John M</given-names></name><xref ref... | Malaria Journal | <sec><title>Background</title><p><italic>Anopheles gambiae </italic>sensu stricto, <italic>Anopheles arabiensis </italic>and <italic>Anopheles funestus </italic>are the most important vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan African and occur in sympatry across most of their range [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. St... |
Interpreting household survey data intended to measure insecticide-treated bednet coverage: results from two surveys in Eritrea | <sec><title>Background</title><p>As efforts are currently underway to roll-out insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) to populations within malarious areas in Africa, there is an unprecedented need for data to measure the effectiveness of such programmes in terms of population coverage. This paper examines methodological i... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eisele</surname><given-names>Thomas P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>teisele@tulane.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Macintyre</surname><given-names>Kate</given-names></name><x... | Malaria Journal | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) have been shown to significantly reduce malaria transmission and concomitant malaria related morbidity and all-cause child mortality across a range of transmission settings, even with sustained use [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-typ... |
A steep decline of malaria morbidity and mortality trends in Eritrea between 2000 and 2004: the effect of combination of control methods | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Malaria is a huge public health problem in Africa that is responsible for more than one million deaths annually. In line with the Roll Back Malaria initiative and the Abuja Declaration, Eritrea and other African countries have intensified their fight against malaria. This study examines... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nyarango</surname><given-names>Peter M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>mnyarango@yahoo.com</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gebremeskel</surname><given-names>Tewolde</given-names></... | Malaria Journal | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The success in malaria eradication achieved in Europe and North America during the 19<sup>th </sup>and 20<sup>th </sup>centuries has not been replicated anywhere in Sub-Saharan Africa and most tropical countries. This is despite better scientific understanding of the biology of the vect... |
Locked nucleoside analogues expand the potential of DNAzymes to cleave structured RNA targets | <sec><title>Background</title><p>DNAzymes cleave at predetermined sequences within RNA. A prerequisite for cleavage is that the DNAzyme can gain access to its target, and thus the DNAzyme must be capable of unfolding higher-order structures that are present in the RNA substrate. However, in many cases the RNA target se... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vester</surname><given-names>Birte</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>b.vester@bmb.sdu.dk</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hansen</surname><given-names>Lykke H</given-names></name><xre... | BMC Molecular Biology | <sec><title>Background</title><p>DNAzymes function as specific endonucleases by binding to predetermined sequences in RNA and cleaving its phosphodiester backbone. The discovery that RNA-hydrolytic properties could be encoded within a DNA oligonucleotide indicated potential biotechnological applications in gene silenci... |
Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to healthy eating behaviors in urban Native American youth | <sec><title>Background</title><p>To investigate the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict healthy eating behavior in a group of urban Native American youth.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>Native American boys and girls (n = 139), ages 9–18 years old, were given a... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fila</surname><given-names>Stefanie A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>fila@aps.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>Chery</given-names></name><xref ref-t... | The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Several studies suggest that Native American youth have a higher prevalence of obesity than the general United States population [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>]. The problem is not restricted to just Native American youth, increases in p... |
A trial platform to develop a tailored theory-based intervention to improve professional practice in the disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia: Study protocol [ISRCTN15871014] | <sec><title>Background</title><p>For people with dementia, care should include an explanation of the diagnosis to individuals and their carers, and information about the likely prognosis and possible packages of care. However, this is neither routine nor inevitable, and there is wide variation in the practice of disclo... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eccles</surname><given-names>Martin P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>martin.eccles@ncl.ac.uk</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Foy</surname><given-names>Robbie</given-names></name><... | Implementation Science | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Approximately 600,000 people in the UK have dementia. This is 5% of the population aged 65 and older, and 20% of those aged 80 and older [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. By 2026 this figure is predicted to be 840,000. Dementia is associated with major social and economic costs... |
Activation of MAPK ERK in peripheral nerve after injury | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, has been proposed to mediate neurite outgrowth-promoting effects of several neurotrophic factors <italic>in vitro</italic>. However, the precise activity of ERK... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agthong</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>fmedsat@md.chula.ac.th</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaewsema</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><xref re... | BMC Neuroscience | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Peripheral axotomy can activate several signaling pathways in neurons and associated glial cells leading to two opposing consequences: cell death or adaptation to regenerate neurites. The principal signaling pathways that have been demonstrated to be involved in axonal regeneration are ... |
Place preference induced by nucleus accumbens amphetamine is impaired by local blockade of Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in rats | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference (CPP). In previous studies, NAc basal and amphetamine-produced DA transmission was altered by Group II mGluR agents. We tested whether NAc amphetamine CPP depends on Group II mGluR tra... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gerdjikov</surname><given-names>Todor V</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>todor@psyc.queensu.ca</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beninger</surname><given-names>Richard J</given-names>... | BMC Neuroscience | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are implicated in learning and synaptic plasticity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. mGluRs have been classified into three groups: Group I, including mGluR1 and mGluR5; Group II, including mGluR2 and mGluR3; and Group III, including mG... |
Performances and microbial features of an aerobic packed-bed biofilm reactor developed to post-treat an olive mill effluent from an anaerobic GAC reactor | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is the aqueous effluent of olive oil producing processes. Given its high COD and content of phenols, it has to be decontaminated before being discharged. Anaerobic digestion is one of the most promising treatment process for such an effluent, as it combines h... | <contrib id="A1" equal-contrib="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertin</surname><given-names>Lorenzo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>lorenzo.bertin@unibo.it</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" equal-contrib="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Colao</surname><given-names>M... | Microbial Cell Factories | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is the effluent resulting from olive oil producing processes. Due to their high COD loading rates and content of toxic phenolic compounds, OMWs have to be decontaminated before being discharged [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" ri... |
Monthly intravenous methylprednisolone in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis - reduction of enhancing lesions, T2 lesion volume and plasma prolactin concentrations | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Intravenous methylprednisolone (IV-MP) is an established treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses, accompanied by rapid, though transient reduction of gadolinium enhancing (Gd+) lesions on brain MRI. Intermittent IV-MP, alone or with immunomodulators, has been suggested but insuff... | <contrib id="A1" equal-contrib="yes" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Then Bergh</surname><given-names>Florian </given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I8">8</xref><email>ThenBerF@medizin.uni-leipzig.de</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" equal-contrib="yes" c... | BMC Neurology | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Intravenous methylprednisolone (IV-MP), 500–1000 mg for 3–5 days, is an established treatment for acute relapses of multiple sclerosis, speeding recovery [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. It does not prevent future relapse... |
Intraluminal instillation of urokinase and autologous plasma: a method to unblock occluded central venous ports | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Therapeutic use and effective function of recombinant urokinase (r-UK) for occluded ports need the presence of plasminogen.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>As a therapeutic proof of principle, we demonstrate that the use of r-UK and autologous plasma effectivel... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seifert</surname><given-names>Georg</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>georg.seifert@charite.de</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Riess</surname><given-names>Hanno</given-names></name><... | BMC Cancer | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Regular application of plasma products or chemotherapy is often complicated by catheter-related problems such as blockage. Especially in children, an effective and simple reestablishment of catheter patency is important. Maintenance of catheter function is usually achieved with flushing... |
Over-expression of Eph and ephrin genes in advanced ovarian cancer: ephrin gene expression correlates with shortened survival | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Increased expression of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands has been implicated in tumor progression in a number of malignancies. This report describes aberrant expression of these genes in ovarian cancer, the commonest cause of death amongst gynaecological malignanci... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Herath</surname><given-names>Nirmitha I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>Nirmitha.Herath@qimr.edu.au</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spanevello</surname><given-names>M... | BMC Cancer | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The sixteen vertebrate Eph receptors form the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) proteins. Activation and signalling by these receptors is mediated by interaction with nine cell-surface counter receptors known as ephrins. The ephrins are subdivided into an A group which... |
Rapid chemokinetic movement and the invasive potential of lung cancer cells; a functional molecular study | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common cause of early casualty from malignant disease in western countries. The heterogeneous nature of these cells has been identified by histochemical and microarray biomarker analyses. Unfortunately, the morphological, molecular and biological v... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fok</surname><given-names>Sandra YY</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>sfok5959@mail.usyd.edu.au</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rubin</surname><given-names>Jeffrey S</given-names></name><xref ref-... | BMC Cancer | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of early casualty from malignant disease in western countries and is classified into three main histological subtypes: adenocarcinomas (AC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and large cell carcinomas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="... |
Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with lymphatic as well as hematogenous metastasis and worse clinical outcome in T2 gastric cancer | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Abnormal hemostasis in cancer patients has previously been described, however the correlation between the plasma fibrinogen level and cancer metastasis and prognosis has not been reported in a large-scale clinical study.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>Preopera... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yamashita</surname><given-names>Hiroharu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>hyamashi-tky@umin.ac.jp</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kitayama</surname><given-names>Joji</given-names></... | BMC Cancer | <sec><title>Background</title><p>An increased frequency of thrombosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer was first documented in 1865 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. Since then, a number of studies have focused on the relationship between various cancers and hemostatic factors. Abnormalities in blood c... |
Characteristic abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry in children with cerebral malaria compared to viral encephalitis | <sec><title>Background</title><p>In developing countries where <italic>Plasmodium falciparum </italic>malaria is endemic, viral encephalitis and cerebral malaria are found in the same population, and parasitemia with <italic>Plasmodium falciparum </italic>is common in asymptomatic children. The objective of this study ... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jakka</surname><given-names>SR</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>jakkasrinu@yahoo.com</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Veena</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2... | Cerebrospinal Fluid Research | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Previous studies have compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) features of bacterial meningitis and cerebral malaria [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. This distinction is in most cases not difficult, because the majority of patients with bacter... |
A qualitative study of an integrated maternity, drugs and social care service for drug-using women | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The care of drug-using pregnant women is a growing health and social care concern in many countries. A specialist clinic was established offering multidisciplinary care and advice to pregnant drug users in and around Aberdeen (UK) in 1997. The majority of women stabilise and reduce thei... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hall</surname><given-names>Jennifer L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>jennifer.hall@nhs.net</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Teijlingen</surname><given-names>Edwin R</given-name... | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The number of new drug users in contact with services in Scotland [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] is increasing and over the last five years has risen from 9,128 to 11,472 (total population of Scotland is just over 5 million). The majority of females reported to the national d... |
Under- treatment and under diagnosis of hypertension: a serious problem in the United Arab Emirates | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Hypertension, notably untreated or uncontrolled, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) morbidity and mortality. In countries in transition, little is known about the epidemiology of hypertension, and its biochemical correlates. This study was carried out in Al Ain, Un... | <contrib id="A1" equal-contrib="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abdulle</surname><given-names>Abdishakur M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>shakur.a@uaeu.ac.ae</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" equal-contrib="yes" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nagelkerke</s... | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Hypertension, notably untreated or poorly controlled, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in almost every population [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>]. Although, often controllable by pharmacotherapy [<xref ref-type="b... |
AceTree: a tool for visual analysis of <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans </italic>embryogenesis | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The invariant lineage of the nematode <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans </italic>has potential as a powerful tool for the description of mutant phenotypes and gene expression patterns. We previously described procedures for the imaging and automatic extraction of the cell lineage from <ita... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boyle</surname><given-names>Thomas J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>biowolp@u.washington.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bao</surname><given-names>Zhirong</given-names></name><xref ref-type... | BMC Bioinformatics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The invariant lineage of the nematode <italic>C. elegans </italic>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] can potentially be exploited to capture detailed information on the location and timing of expression for the genes expressed in the early embryo. In addition, changes in the line... |
ROKU: a novel method for identification of tissue-specific genes | <sec><title>Background</title><p>One of the important goals of microarray research is the identification of genes whose expression is considerably higher or lower in some tissues than in others. We would like to have ways of identifying such tissue-specific genes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We describe a me... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kadota</surname><given-names>Koji</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>kadota@iu.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ye</surname><given-names>Jiazhen</given-names></name><xr... | BMC Bioinformatics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>A major challenge of microarray analysis is to detect genes whose expression in a single or small number of tissues is significantly different than in other tissues. Accurate identification of such tissue-specific genes can allow researchers to deduce the function of their tissues and o... |
Extraction of phylogenetic network modules from the metabolic network | <sec><title>Background</title><p>In bio-systems, genes, proteins and compounds are related to each other, thus forming complex networks. Although each organism has its individual network, some organisms contain common sub-networks based on function. Given a certain sub-network, the distribution of organisms common to i... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yamada</surname><given-names>Takuji</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>takuji@kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kanehisa</surname><given-names>Minoru</given-names></name><xref ref... | BMC Bioinformatics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Bio-systems are constructed by various relationships between genes, compounds and proteins. These elements are intertwined, thus forming a complex network. Such genetic or physical associations contribute to the complicated cellular functions.</p><p>In order to characterize whole networ... |
Bio++: a set of C++ libraries for sequence analysis, phylogenetics, molecular evolution and population genetics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>A large number of bioinformatics applications in the fields of bio-sequence analysis, molecular evolution and population genetics typically share input/ouput methods, data storage requirements and data analysis algorithms. Such common features may be conveniently bundled into re-usable ... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dutheil</surname><given-names>Julien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>Julien.Dutheil@univ-montp2.fr</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gaillard</surname><given-names>Sylvain</given-nam... | BMC Bioinformatics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The design of re-usable software components into libraries has proved to be useful to the rapid development of bioinformatics applications, as witnesses the success of the ever growing open source libraries known as the Bio{*} projects. These libraries cover many fields of bioinformatic... |
Mining gene expression data by interpreting principal components | <sec><title>Background</title><p>There are many methods for analyzing microarray data that group together genes having similar patterns of expression over all conditions tested. However, in many instances the biologically important goal is to identify relatively small sets of genes that share coherent expression across... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roden</surname><given-names>Joseph C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>joe.roden@jpl.nasa.gov</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>King</surname><given-names>Brandon W</given-names></name... | BMC Bioinformatics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Bioinformatics has placed much emphasis on using various unsupervised clustering techniques as a means to understand the information present in gene microarray expression datasets. Clustering techniques produce a rich taxonomy of results by defining groups of genes that act more or less... |
Automated in-silico detection of cell populations in flow cytometry readouts and its application to leukemia disease monitoring | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Identification of minor cell populations, e.g. leukemic blasts within blood samples, has become increasingly important in therapeutic disease monitoring. Modern flow cytometers enable researchers to reliably measure six and more variables, describing cellular size, granularity and expre... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Toedling</surname><given-names>Joern</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref><email>toedling@ebi.ac.uk</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rhein</surname><given-names>Peter</g... | BMC Bioinformatics | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Flow cytometry has evolved to an indispensable tool in biology and medicine, with a significant impact on hematology. To date, diagnosis and classification of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), depend on the flow-cytometric description of the leukemic cell clone. Recently, flow cytometry... |
Subaortic and mid-ventricular obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with an apical Aneurysm: a case report | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Most patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have asymmetric septal hypertrophy and among them, 25% present dynamic subaortic obstruction. Apical HCM is unusual and mid-ventricular HCM is the most infrequent presentation, but both variants may be associated to an apical aneurysm... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cianciulli</surname><given-names>Tomás Francisco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref><email>tcianciulli@fibertel.com.ar</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><s... | Cardiovascular Ultrasound | <sec><title>Background</title><p>HCM has a prevalence of 0.2 % (1 in 500) in the general population [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>] and presents with marked clinical polymorphism, given by the extent and degree of hypertrophy of the myocardium involved and by the location and magnitude of the intraventricular... |
The characteristics of the spectra of superior venae cavae in patients with right heart failure | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Aimed to elucidate the characteristics of the spectra of superior venae cavae (SVC) in respiratory cycles in patients with right heart failure.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>The spectra of SVC of 30 patients with right heart failure and 30 paired healthy subj... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jia</surname><given-names>Hua-Ping</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>jiahuaping@yahoo.com.cn</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duan</surname><given-names>Yun-You</given-names></name><x... | Cardiovascular Ultrasound | <sec><title>Background</title><p>The profiles of spectra of superior venae cavae of healthy subjects have been described, and the factors which affected them have been recognized, such as age, sex, respiration, and so on [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>]. Among all these ... |
Hyeropic shift after LASIK induced Diffuse lamellar keratitis | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) is a relatively new syndrome that is increasingly being reported after LASIK. We have observed that a hyperopic shift may be associated with the occurrence of this diffuse lamellar keratitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Case presentation</title><p>A 26 year old... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dada</surname><given-names>Tanuj</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>tanujdada@hotmail.com</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pangtey</surname><given-names>Mayank S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="... | BMC Ophthalmology | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has become the refractive procedure of choice for myopia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>] and hyperopia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>] due to its inherent advantages of a quick recovery time... |
Comparison of silicon oil removal with various viscosities after complex retinal detachment surgery | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Despite the progress in vitreoretinal surgery and the importance of silicone oil as an adjunct for the treatment of complex forms of retinal detachment, controversy still surrounds the issue of selecting the proper oil viscosity for clinical use. Herein, we evaluate the outcomes of reti... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Soheilian</surname><given-names>Masoud</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>masoud_soheilian@yahoo.com</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mazareei</surname><given-names>Mohammad</given-nam... | BMC Ophthalmology | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Despite the progress in vitreoretinal surgery and the importance of silicone oil as an adjunct for the treatment of complex forms of retinal detachment, controversy still surrounds the issue of selecting the proper oil viscosity for clinical use[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<... |
Accounting for the increase in NSAID expenditure: substitution or leakage? | <sec><title>Background</title><p>National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance stated that a new form of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (selective COX-2 inhibitors) should only be an option for arthritis patients at high risk of a gastro-intestinal (GI) event. Total expenditure on N... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barton</surname><given-names>Garry R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>mcxgrb@nottingham.ac.uk</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Avery</surname><given-names>Anthony J</given-names></na... | Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used extensively in the health service to relieve conditions that have an inflammatory component, and to relieve pain. In England, over 20 million NSAID treatments were prescribed in 2004, and NSAID expenditure amounted to £247 ... |
Innate immune functions of microglia isolated from human glioma patients | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Innate immunity is considered the first line of host defense and microglia presumably play a critical role in mediating potent innate immune responses to traumatic and infectious challenges in the human brain. Fundamental impairments of the adaptive immune system in glioma patients have... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hussain</surname><given-names>S Farzana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>sfhussai@mdanderson.org</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><xref ref-typ... | Journal of Translational Medicine | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors and glioblastoma multiforme accounts for more than 50% of all intracranial gliomas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. These tumors are extremely aggressive and are characterized by diffuse infiltration of the bra... |
Association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis prevalence and age at menarche in different geographic latitudes | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Age at menarche is considered a reliable prognostic factor for idiopathic scoliosis and varies in different geographic latitudes. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis prevalence has also been reported to be different in various latitudes and demonstrates higher values in northern countries. ... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grivas</surname><given-names>Theodoros B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>grivastb@panafonet.gr</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vasiliadis</surname><given-names>Elias</given-names><... | Scoliosis | <sec><title>Background</title><p>A wide range of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) prevalence in different countries is demonstrated by the various reports in the literature. (1–20) The significance of this specific observation may not be obvious but its evaluation is important because it could be related t... |
Protease nexin-1 expression is altered in human breast cancer | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA), a serine protease, plays a pivotal role in human breast cancer metastasis by mediating the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and promoting cell motility. In more advanced breast cancers, uPA activity is significantly up regulated an... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Candia</surname><given-names>Britny J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>bcandia@unm.edu</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hines</surname><given-names>William C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="af... | Cancer Cell International | <sec><title>Background</title><p>An important characteristic of highly invasive tumor cells is an elevated capacity to degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). To achieve this elevated degradative capacity, tumor cells express a variety of proteases to digest ECM proteins that typically encapsulate growing, ... |
Enhanced molecular analyses by combination of the HOPE-technique and laser microdissection | <p>As part of an investigation aimed at illuminating the possibilities and limits of the HOPE-fixation and paraffin-embedding technique we here describe a novel procedure which was developed in order to combine the benefits of the HOPE-technique with the capabilities of laser microdissection. The presented procedure av... | <contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goldmann</surname><given-names>Torsten</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>tgoldmann@fz-borstel.de</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Burgemeister</surname><given-names>Renate</given-name... | Diagnostic Pathology | <sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Laser microdissection is a valuable tool for analysis of molecular parameters in purified cell populations or even single cells taken out of their native environment within tissues. This technology requires both an acceptable preservation of morphological details which is needed for e... |
A high density of ancient spliceosomal introns in oxymonad excavates | <sec><title>Background</title><p>Certain eukaryotic genomes, such as those of the amitochondriate parasites <italic>Giardia </italic>and <italic>Trichomonas</italic>, have very low intron densities, so low that canonical spliceosomal introns have only recently been discovered through genome sequencing. These organisms ... | <contrib id="A1" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Slamovits</surname><given-names>Claudio H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>claudio@mail.botany.ubc.ca</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Keeling</surname><given-names>Patrick J</given-... | BMC Evolutionary Biology | <sec><title>Background</title><p>One of the prominent features that distinguishes eukaryotic genomes from those of prokaryotes is the presence of spliceosomal introns. Introns are intervening sequences that are removed from expressed RNAs, in the case of spliceosomal introns through a series of transesterfications medi... |
Evolution of Curative Therapies For Atrial Fibrillation | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khasnis</surname><given-names>Atul</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Veerareddy</surname><given-names>Srikar</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jongn... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias seen in clinical practice. The incidence of AF increases with age and is seen in up to 8.9% of individuals greater than 80 years of age [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>]. Although many treatment... |
Osborn Waves: History and Significance | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maruyama</surname><given-names>Mitsunori</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kobayashi</surname><given-names>Yoshinori</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surna... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>The Osborn wave is a deflection with a dome or hump configuration occurring at the R-ST junction (J point) on the ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>). In the historical view, different names have been used for this wave in the medical literature, su... |
Role of pharmacotherapy in Brugada syndrome | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tsuchiya</surname><given-names>Takeshi</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib> | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <p>Brugada syndrome is a unique form of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF), and is characterized by an ECG pattern with right bundle branch block (J wave), ST-segment elevation and terminal T-wave inversion in leads V1 through V3 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>]... |
A Case of Atrial Fibrillation from Cyclosporine Toxicity | <p>We describe the unusual occurrence of atrial fibrillation immediately after a seizure in a young patient with cyclosporine toxicity. The new onset atrial fibrillation was triggered by high levels of cyclosporine and possibly facilitated by the electrolyte imbalances post seizure and the presence of underlying mild ... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanghi</surname><given-names>Pramod</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmad</surname><given-names>Masood</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib> | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <p>A twenty-four year old obese (100 kg) man with a past medical history of pure red cell aplasia diagnosed 8 months ago was admitted for elective chemotherapy after having failed outpatient therapy with high dose prednisone and azathioprine. Upon admission, the patient was placed on IV cyclosporine (12 mg/kg/day divid... |
Re-use of Explanted DDD Pacemakers as VDD- Clinical Utility and Cost Effectiveness | <p>Re-use of DDD pulse generators explanted from patients died of unrelated causes is associated with an additional cost of two transvenous leads if implanted as DDD itself, and high rate of infection according to some studies. We studied the clinical and economical aspects of reutilization of explanted DDD pacemakers ... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Namboodiri</surname><given-names>KKN</given-names></name><role>Senior Resident</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sharma</surname><given-names>YP</given-names></name><role>Assistant Professor</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><s... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Technology is outpacing the financial resources available for health care all over the world. Pacemakers are among the expensive devices, and when indicated properly they have no alternative. In many instances pacemakers outlive the patients and it would be a waste to dispose ... |
Refurbishing Pacemakers: A Viable Approach | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Anilkumar</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balachander</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></contrib> | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <p>Cardiologists implant permanent pacemakers widely for indications like sick sinus syndrome and complete heart block. The guidelines for such implantations are well established [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>]. However, in developing countries like India, all patients who need pacemakers do not receive them ... |
Current concepts on ventricular fibrillation: A Vicious Circle of Cardiomyocyte Calcium Overload in the Initiation, Maintenance, and Termination of Ventricular Fibrillation | <p>Based on recent experimental studies, this review article introduces the novel concept that cardiomyocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup> and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are mutually related, forming a self-maintaining vicious circle in the initiation, maintenance, and termination of VF. On the one hand, elevated myocyte Ca<sup... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zaugg</surname><given-names>Christian E</given-names></name><degrees>Ph D</degrees></contrib> | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title> Myocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload initiates ventricular fibrillation</title><p>Elevated myocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup> (Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload) has generally been accepted to be responsible for the initiation of potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias including ventricular fibrillatio... |
Interesting Electrophysiological Findings in a Patient With Coincidental Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | <p>Tachycardia induced tachycardias are not common in clinical practice, and it is believed that most cases of double tachycardia are coincidental. The existence of two different tachycardias in the same patient almost always poses problems in the electrophysiology laboratory. However, in rare instances, the emergence ... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ozin</surname><given-names>Bulent</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Associate Professor in cardiology</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pirat</surname><given-names>Bahar</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><role>Resident in card... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Simultaneous occurrence of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia in the same patient is very rare. Concomitance of both these forms is usually coincidental, except in cases of digitalis toxicity and catecholaminergic tachycardias [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="... |
Devices for Prevention of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lozano</surname><given-names>Ignacio Fernández</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Toquero</surname><given-names>Jorge</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Diaz</surname><given-names>Jos&... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice and, although its importance has been underestimated even in recent years, we are now becoming aware of its clinical transcendence [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xre... |
Congenital Short QT Syndrome | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Antzelevitch</surname><given-names>Charles</given-names></name><degrees>PhD, FACC, FAHA</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Francis</surname><given-names>Johnson</given-names></name><degrees>MD, DM... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <p>Long QT intervals in the ECG have long been associated with sudden cardiac death. The congenital long QT syndrome was first described in individuals with structurally normal hearts in 1957 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>]. Little was known about the significance of a short QT interval. In 1993, after anal... |
Radiofrequency Ablation for Post Infarction Ventricular Tachycardia | <p>Radiofrequency ablation has an important role in the management of post infarction ventricular tachycardia. The mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is complex and technically challenging. In the era of implantable cardioverter defibrillators, the role of radiofrequency ablation is most commonly rese... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O'Donnell</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nadurata</surname><given-names>Voltaire</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib> | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the treatment of choice in the management of symptomatic patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the absence of structural heart disease. The role of RFA in-patients with VT in the setting of chronic ischemic heart disease is ... |
The role of Psychological Factors in the Aetiology and Treatment of Vasovagal Syncope | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gracie</surname><given-names>Jennifer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">¶</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baker</surname><given-names>Christine</given-names></name><xref ... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Syncope is a sudden transient loss of consciousness with loss of postural tone, followed by spontaneous recovery [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>]. Around 30 percent of the general population have one syncopal event in their lifetime, with 3% having recurr... |
Automatic Capture Verification in Pacemakers (Autocapture) - Utility and Problems | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kam</surname><given-names>Ruth</given-names></name><degrees>MBBS (Singapore), FRCP (Edin), M Med Int Med (Singapore) FAMS, Testamur NASPExAM</degrees></contrib> | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>The concept of a closed-loop feedback system, that would automatically assess pacing threshold and self-adjust pacing output to ensure consistent myocardial capture, has many appeals. Enhancing patient safety in cases of an unexpected rise in threshold, reduced cur... |
Fetal Tachyarrhythmia - Part I: Diagnosis | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oudijk</surname><given-names>Martijn A</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Visser</surname><given-names>Gerard HA</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Fetal tachycardia, first recognized in 1930 by Hyman et al [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>], is a condition occurring in approximately 0.4-0.6% of all pregnancies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>]. A subset of these cases with more sustained period... |
Idiopathic Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia | <p>Idiopathic fascicular ventricular tachycardia is an important cardiac arrhythmia with specific electrocardiographic features and therapeutic options. It is characterized by relatively narrow QRS complex and right bundle branch block pattern. The QRS axis depends on which fascicle is involved in the re-entry. Left ax... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Francis</surname><given-names>Johnson</given-names></name><degrees>MD, DM</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>K</surname><given-names>Venugopal</given-names></name><degrees>MD, DM</degrees><xref re... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>In general ventricular tachycardias have wide QRS complexes. One of the earliest descriptions of ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a narrow QRS complex was by Cohen et al in 1972 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>]. Their description was a left posterior fas... |
The Automatic External Cardioverter-Defibrillator | <p>In-hospital cardiac arrest remains a major problem but new technologies allowing fully automatic external defibrillation are available. These technologies allow the concept of “external therapeutic monitoring” of lethal arrhythmias. Since early defibrillation improves outcome by decreasing morbidity ... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martínez-Rubio</surname><given-names>Antoni</given-names></name><degrees>MD, FESC, FACC</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barón-Esquivias</surname><given-names>Gonzalo</given-name... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in the majority of countries [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>]. In developed countries (e.g. United States), nearly the half of these deaths are unexpected and sudden... |
Frequency Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation From the Surface Electrocardiogram | <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Neither the natural history of AF nor its response to therapy are sufficiently predictable by clinical and echocardiographic parameters.</p><p>Atrial fibrillatory frequency (or rate) can reliably be assessed from the surface ele... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Husser</surname><given-names>Daniela</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stridh</surname><given-names>Martin</given-n... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <p>In recent years, mechanisms leading to atrial fibrillation (AF) induction and maintenance have begun to be explored and rapidly evolving therapies including new antiarrhythmic drugs, antitachycardia pacing algorithms and catheter ablation techniques have been introduced in clinical practice. Nevertheless, outcome of... |
Sensors for rate responsive pacing | <p>Advances in pacemaker technology in the 1980s have generated a wide variety of complex multiprogrammable pacemakers and pacing modes. The aim of the present review is to address the different rate responsive pacing modalities presently available in respect to physiological situations and pathological conditions. Rat... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dell'Orto</surname><given-names>Simonetta</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valli</surname><given-names>Paolo</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grec... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <p>The advances in pacemaker technology in the 1980s have generated a wide variety of complex multiprogrammable pacemakers and pacing modes. Pacing systems can be classified as (1) single lead ventricular, such as VVI or ventricular demand; (2) atrial based, single lead, such as AAI or atrial demand; or dual chamber, s... |
Figure-8 Tachycardia Confined to the Anterior Wall of the Left Atrium | <p>Incisional atrial tachycardias have been described most frequently in patients with previous corrective surgery for congenital heart defects and mitral valve disease. Less information is available on atrial tachycardias appearing late after isolated aortic valve surgery. We report the case of a patient who developed... | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liuba</surname><given-names>Ioan</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jönsson</surname><given-names>Anders</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wa... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Case report</title><p>A 57-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure, who had undergone aortic valve replacement 26 years ago, was referred to our department for a third attempt at radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of an atrial tachycardia. According to repor... |
An Unusual Tachycardia | <p>The following article presents an unusual case of atrial tachycardia, initially misdiagnosed due to a lack of clear P waves. The diagnosis was eventually confirmed using the atrial electrogram from the patient’s pacemaker.</p> | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hanon</surname><given-names>Sam</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shapiro</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><degrees>DO</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schweitzer... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec sec-type="" id="s1"><title>Case report</title><p>An eighty-four year old Dominican man presented to the Emergency Department complaining of “dizziness”. He had a past medical history significant for aortic stenosis, status post aortic valve replacement, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sick sinus... |
Short- and long-term experience in pulmonary vein segmental ostial ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">*</xref> | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pürerfellner</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aichinger</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martinek</surname><given-names>M</given-nam... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Based on groundbreaking work by Michel Haissaguerre et al. a catheter-based procedure was recently introduced into clinical routine to treat drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>].... |
Predictors of appropriate ICD therapy in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dehghani</surname><given-names>Mohammad Reza</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arya</surname><given-names>Arash</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><x... | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <sec id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Development of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) has been a dramatic advancement in the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias. A major issue in patients with ICD is the high incidence of ICD therapies[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>-<xref ref-... |
Pharmacological cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and flutter<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">*</xref> | Could not extract abstract | <contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cordina</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mead</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></contrib> | Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal | <p>Atrial fibrillation is the commonest cardiac dysrhythmia. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are two approaches to the management of atrial fibrillation: controlling the ventricular rate or converting to sinus rhythm in the expectation that this would abolish its adverse effects.</p><... |