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Free Photo Archive of over 26,000 vintage photographs. Find people and the places were they lived. Search for your surnames. Find photos of your ancestors. Make connections with genealogy cousins. Add your family's photos.
Charles Newton Collyar and Myrtle Edna Splane
Charles Newton Collyar (son of Jasper Collyar & Mary Mitchell Collyar), born 11/20/1874 in Shaw, Neosho Co., KS and Myrtle Edna Splane, born in 8/16/1873 in Chanute, Neosho Co., KS (daughter of John M. & Jane Matilda Splane). Photo taken probably in Oklahoma. Charlie was a cow-puncher and worked on many cattle drives out of the Indian Territory. The couple had 8 children, 4 boys and 4 girls. He was baptised in the Methodist Church in Geuda Springs, KS.
Over the years the name Collyar has been spelled Collyar, Colyar, Collier & Colyer on census records.
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The Food Protection Program is responsible for licensing and inspecting retail food businesses. These include grocery stores, restaurants, bars, delis, convenience stores, vending machines, food carts, and all food sold at fairs and festivals. The inspections are a service provided for the public to ensure the safety of Columbus' food supply for all people who live or work in the City of Columbus and Worthington.
Online posting of inspection reports is a service provided to inform you of the health and safety status of licensed businesses in Columbus and Worthington. Inspection results appear approximately two weeks following the inspection. The types of inspections conducted at a business vary depending on the types of food served.
At all of our licensed facilities, including restaurants and grocery stores, we now post a small color-coded sign that is based on the results of the most recent inspection.
Trainings and Workshops
Food protection trainings are offered at Columbus Public Health and geared toward food industry professionals. See our 2013 Schedule for more details
Foodborne Illness Reporting
Columbus Public Health takes all citizen complaints regarding food borne illness and food safety seriously. For more information, go to our Foodborne Illness Reporting page.
If needed, enforcement measures are taken to ensure the safety of the food being sold. When critical violations are found during regular inspections or complaint investigations, enforcement actions may be necessary. Click here for an updated log of enforcement activities.
To report a complaint about a food service in Columbus or Worthington, call 311 (614)645-3111 or go to http://311.columbus.gov/
Food Protection Advisory Committee
A partnership between Columbus Public Health, representatives of the retail food industry, and other interested participants.
Activities focus on promoting food safety in Columbus and Worthington.
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Certain combat veterans who were discharged from active duty service before Jan. 28, 2003, have until Jan. 27, 2011, to take advantage of their enhanced health care enrollment opportunity through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
“While there is no time limit for Veterans to apply for the VA health care they earned with their service, I highly encourage this group of combat veterans to take advantage of the enhanced enrollment window to use their health care benefits through this simplified process,” said Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric K. Shinseki. “VA has health care eligibility specialists online and at every medical center eager to help veterans take advantage of this opportunity.”
The enhanced enrollment window was provided for in Public Law 110-181, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008. That law gave combat veterans who served after Nov. 11, 1998, but separated from service before Jan. 28, 2003, and did not enroll before Jan. 28, 2008, three years, beginning on Jan. 28, 2008, to apply for the enhanced enrollment opportunity.
These veterans will still be able to apply for health benefits with VA after Jan. 27, but will have their status for receiving VA health care determined under normal VA procedures that base health care priority status on the severity of a service-connected disability or other eligibility factors. This would mean some veterans could face income or asset-based restrictions, as well as delays in establishing their VA health care eligibility while their disability status is determined.
Since the inception of the enhanced enrollment opportunity, VA has sent more than 750,000 personal letters to eligible veterans and hosted thousands of outreach efforts through OIF/OEF and enrollment coordinators stationed at every VA medical center.
Since June 2010, VA sent another 194,000 personal letters to give every eligible veteran a chance to take advantage of this opportunity, but to date only 13,000 of these veterans have enrolled.
The law does continue to provide the enhanced health care enrollment window to combat veterans who were discharged or released from active service on or after Jan. 28, 2003. For these veterans, the five-year enrollment period begins on the discharge or separation date of the service member from active duty military service, or in the case of multiple call-ups, the most recent discharge date.
VSO vacation closure
A reminder the Archuleta County Veterans Service Office?is closed?through?June 13. I can be reached by e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org or my cell phone (970) 946-6648. I prefer e-mail messages. I can also receive text message on my cell phone. Phone?call messages require writing down information and call backs (phone chasing) which I?may not have time for.
If you are scheduled to use one of the VSO vehicles during my absence, you must see Rob Gaston?(264-2167) for the keys in the Senior Lunchroom Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday or Friday between the hours of 9 and 11:30 a.m. You can send me an e-mail message or a text message to my cell phone to schedule a vehicle. I will have access to the schedule calendar.?All messages to me?should clearly?state your name, phone number, date of departure and return, destination and time of your first appointment.
All other matters such as travel pay, VA Health Care, and claims and benefits can wait for my return.
?Also, we will return to gas cards in June, probably through August, for veterans traveling to VA health care appointments. There will be no cash travel money available during that period as we await the approval of our 2011-2012 Colorado Veterans Trust Fund Grant.
Thank you for your patience.
Durango VA Clinic
The Durango VA Outpatient Clinic is located at 1970 E. 3rd Ave., Durango, CO 81301 (the old Mercy Medical Center). The phone?number is?(970) 247-2214.
For information on these and other veterans benefits, please call or stop by the Archuleta County Veterans Service Office located at the Senior Center in the Pagosa Springs Community Center on Hot Springs Blvd. The office number is 264-4013, the fax number is 264-4014, cell number is 946-6648, and e-mail is email@example.com.
The office is open from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. Bring your DD Form 214 (Discharge) for application for VA programs, and for filing in the VSO office.
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The priming effect: how a hard warm-up can help performance
Most people who do hard interval sessions will have noticed this mystery: why does the second or third interval usually feel easier than the first one? I always figured it had to do with “getting into the rhythm” or something along those lines. Whatever the reason, Pete Sherry — my main training partner for 2002-2004 — and I eventually decided that we’d run 2x400m in ~72 sec a few minutes before every workout, in the hopes of making the first interval feel easier. Our impression was that it worked, and we started doing it before races too.
It turns out there’s plenty of physiology behind this. If you suddenly start running at a hard pace, with no warm-up, it takes a while before your body can adjust to start delivering oxygen to your muscles at its maximum possible rate. That’s one of the reasons VO2max tests take 10-12 minutes, rather than simply involving a short, all-out sprint. It takes time for the blood flow to your muscles to increase, and for the enzymes that extract oxygen from the blood and oxidize fuel to ramp up their activity levels. A good warm-up gets this ramp-up process over with, allowing your body up to deliver more oxygen to muscles right from the start of the workout or race, and reducing the temporary oxygen debt.
Still, most people warm up with gentle jogging, flexibility drills, and some short sprints. But how about including a six-minute “hard” effort (above lactate threshold but below VO2max pace), about ten minutes before the start of your race or workout? Would that “prime” your oxygen kinetics even more? The challenge is as follows: a sustained burst of hard exercise (above threshold) definitely improves how quickly your body can process oxygen once the actual race starts; this effect can last for a half-hour or more. If you exercise too hard, on the other hand, you deplete your anaerobic energy stores (phosphocreatine), and metabolites build up in your muscles that may slow you down. Numerous experiments over the past decade have found conflicting results: depending on the precise details of the duration, intensity and recovery time following the “priming” burst, performance either increases, decreases, or stays the same.
A new cycling study just posted online at Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, from Mark Burnley’s group at Aberystwyth, adds some more data on finding the right balance. They used a six-minute priming bout, 10 minutes before the “race” — a formula that other studies have found to be effective. For intensity, they compared “heavy” (about 25% of the way between threshold and VO2max power) and “severe” (about 63%) priming bouts. The findings: “heavy” priming boosted oxygen kinetics and significantly increased time-to-exhaustion in tests ranging from ~2-10 minutes. “Severe” priming also boosted oxygen kinetics, but didn’t increase time-to-exhaustion, suggesting that the downside of depleted anaerobic reserves outweighed the benefits of more aerobic energy available early in the test.
So what does this mean in practical terms? It’s hard to know how generalizable this protocol is, but I’d say it’s worth experimenting with some sort of extended surge ~10 minutes before the end of your warm-up. If you’re doing a six-minute effort, it looks like you should aim just above your threshold. I know quite a few runners who have incorporated similar but shorter surges of ~1-2 minutes into their warm-up routine. There may be a good argument for runners to stick to shorter surges, since the impact of leg-pounding is a bigger factor than it is in cycling. In that case, you may be able to get away with a higher intensity. But so far I don’t think the research has answered that question — for now, it’s trial and error.
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Ron's family's favorite cookie jar, a personalized New York taxi, was accidentally dropped, leaving a pretty big hunk missing. They were able to salvage some of the parts but not all of them, so this project required more than simply gluing together the pieces.
One of the biggest challenges in repairing an odd shape object like this is keeping it in the right position while working on it. Ron's solution was to use a bucket of sand to embed the ceramic piece so that it stuck up in just the position he wanted allowing him to have both hands free to work.
Ron used a dual syringe for dispensing equal parts of epoxy and hardener. Thorough mixing is important but so is time. You only have about three to four minutes to work with this adhesive.
A pair of self-gripping tweezers works better than fingers for very small pieces.After gluing back all the pieces there was still quite a bit of material missing, and Ron's challenge was to replace it. Ron's solution was an all purpose polyester resin filler that was quick setting, easy to shape and would stick to just about anything. Each can comes with a tube of hardener and all you have to do is mix the two together. The more hardener you put in the resin, the faster it sets up.
Ron mixed in quite a bit so he only had about two minutes to work with the material. Ron over filled the cavity and then waited for the resin mixture to harden. When the material reached a rubbery state, Ron started shaping it. He removed some of the excess by first paring it away with a sharp knife. Then he began shaping the contours using a rasp.
Ron wrapped sandpaper around a dowel and removed the tool marks and blended the filler with the ceramic edges. He switched to a very fine paper for the final smoothing.
Ron used artist's acrylic colors, beginning with white. He thinned the paint with water to make the paint brush on more smoothly. Acrylics can be intermixed with each other to create precisely the right color for a near perfect match. In this case, a little white and red provided just the pink that Ron needed. The flesh tone for the hand was blended from white, red and yellow.
After the paint dried, Ron applied a clear spray acrylic, which seals in the colors and adds gloss, making the repair nearly undetectable.
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Click on the thumbnails below to find out more.
Pacifism and the goddesses 1944-53
In the mid-1940s, Rita Angus was prosecuted by the Industrial Manpower Committee for refusing to work in a factory to support the war effort. Her position was clear – she completely rejected war as an insult to the sanctity of life. ‘I have taken stronger monastic, pacifist vows,’ she declared. ‘As an artist, it is my work to create life and not to destroy.’
Angus expressed her pacifist beliefs in her three goddess paintings: A Goddess of Mercy, Rutu, and Sun Goddess. She regarded these goddesses as her symbolic children – messengers of peace to a future generation.
Angus envisaged a time when the goddess paintings would be shown together, at the heart of an exhibition of her life’s work.
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Watch most organizations operate and you'll find that innovation typically emerges from one of three sources: From either the founder/owner (if it's a small business); from similarly small and informal groups of engaged, frontline employees who grapple with, and solve, ad-hoc problems on the fly; or from formal project teams which are specifically convened and mandated to work on a specific problem or issue.
You'd expect, therefore, that truly outstanding organizations--those that innovate consistently and at a high level, like, say, Apple, Disney, Nike or Valve--got that way by increasing those three innovation sources over time.
Interestingly, in most cases, that's not so.
More often than not, the highly innovative organization got that way not by iterating its innovative capabilities one step at a time, one employee at a time, one group or team at a time, but rather by instilling an all-pervasive, enterprise-wide culture of innovation--by making a presumption of innovation the norm throughout the organization, from top to bottom.
Any organization can make this change. Build an enterprise that lives, eats, sleeps and breathes innovation as a natural part of its day-to-day activities. Here are three key areas to begin the process of transformation:
1. Default to cross-functional teams. In the occasionally-innovative organization, most opportunities, issues, problems or challenges are addressed, by default, on an individual or silo-ed basis.
In other words, the person who owns the challenge or opportunity is expected to solve it. He or she typically does so either by themselves or by pulling in people from their own team to help.
In consistently-innovative organizations, the default approach to material opportunities, issues, problems or challenges is to hand them over to a cross-functional team-- one that straddles silos and brings a much wider problem-solving perspective. (Note that highly innovative organizations also know how to prevent those cross-functional teams bogging down the enterprise by staying short-lived, flexible and responsive, but that for another post.)
2. Use enterprise-wide post-mortems. Merely average organizations rarely analyze their past performance in any meaningful way, and if they do, it's usually only after something has gone seriously wrong.
Mimic the consistently innovative organization: when any substantive project or initiative is concluded, take time to learn lessons from how it was executed. As any good sports coach will tell you, there is as much to learn from how you succeeded as there is in uncovering why you failed.
Again, use people from throughout the organization to conduct the post-mortem, including, most importantly, some folks who had nothing whatsoever to do with the project (they'll provide the most objective feedback).
3. Combine 360's with rounded performance assessments. The single most striking thing I find when working with truly innovative organizations is how comfortable their people are with giving honest, unbiased, zero-agenda feedback to each other--and how good they are at it.
In the average organization, feedback is a rare bird, and when it is given, it's usually done with hesitancy, a presumption of ulterior or ill motive, or (again) only after something has gone wrong. Building a strong, active feedback "muscle" in your organization is as strong a competitive advantage as a low cost base or a technological breakthrough, but it does require work.
Start using 360 degree assessments, administered by a skilled and sensitive provider. The first go-round will be awkward and may not yield that much by way of useable information, but subsequent uses will get better and easier as everyone relaxes and understands that the information they provide isn't being used against them, but rather to improve how the organization operates.
Build out your performance assessment process to encompass team- and group-based assessments, not just one-on-ones. Model the process by inviting all your direct reports to get involved in your own performance appraisal. And--one last time--make sure the performance assessment process encompasses success as well as under-achievement.
Taking these three steps won't make your company a Nike or a Valve overnight, but it will begin the most important transformation your organization will ever undergo.
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Dietary advice, contrary to the impression that its givers and its takers strive to make, is not rocket science. Nor is it particularly modern or new. Vronsky, Tolstoy explained in Anna Karenina at the turn of the 20th century, maintained the weight demanded of him by his regiment by steering clear of sugary and starchy foods.
It worked for him, and there is no reason why it should not for everybody.
Pregnancy is neither modern nor new either, but you'd imagine from the plethora of warnings now showered on people having babies that no foetus could possibly come to term without some magical application of exactly the right amount of all that is "good", and nothing whatsoever of anything that is "bad". I suppose that it is possible that a person might become confused by the reams of advice, sometimes conflicting, that are now showered on pregnant women. But all this shows is that too much of anything is by definition too much. Even dietary advice.
So, even if you are pregnant, too much in the way of sugary and starchy foods can still be discerned when the tops of your arms start to look like the tops of your legs. People moan on forever about "losing the baby weight" when what they really mean is that they sat around using their pregnancy as an excuse for stuffing their faces, and later started regretting it. They took in more calories than their bodies needed, and ignored the evidence that they were doing so. That's it. The mystery of fatness revealed. Even pregnant fatness.
Certainly, while one should not take literally that old canard about eating for two, it is important that pregnant women take in nutrients for themselves and their baby as well. Again, this is easy to do, not hard. For pregnant women, just as for all of us, it is better to know what you are eating in order that you actually know when "too much" has been had. Processed or pre-prepared foods are therefore not ideal, as you don't know, unless you have the time to study every packet in the supermarket, quite what the ingredients are. Despite all the fuss that is made, it is quite easy to eat healthily. This means plenty of vegetables and fruit, good quality protein and unrefined carbohydrates. Treats are fine, but if you are having them all the time, then they are not treats.
Some foods, it is true, carry a higher risk of food poisoning than others. It is never a great idea to go out of your way to get ill while pregnant, so it's sensible to steer clear of the pâtés, shellfish, uncooked eggs and so on. Likewise, it is not a good idea to have loads of booze. If you might, in the future, agonise forever that perhaps Barnaby's dyslexia was because of that half-glass of spritzer at your sister's wedding, then it is best not to drink at all. Or, in fact, to have children.
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How early detection and treatment reduce the risk of complications
by Medical Director Lisa Oldson, MD
Did you know that as recently as 5 to 10 years ago, I tested patients for chlamydia by inserting a long, thin Q-Tip into the penis for men, and into the cervix for women? For most men, that exam was seriously painful…and it was definitely uncomfortable for women, too.
Chlamydia testing has come a long way since then, and now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend annual chlamydia screenings for all sexually active adolescents and women age 25 and under. Why? Because, in the United States, there are approximately 2.8 million new chlamydia infections every year, most often diagnosed in young women and women of color.
Most patients have no symptoms with a chlamydia infection…which is why getting tested for chlamydia is so important. Those who do report symptoms of chlamydia infection may experience a discharge from the vagina or penis, burning with urination, pelvic discomfort or bleeding during sex.
Our team of sexual health counselors field questions on a daily basis about the “accuracy” of our tests. They understand that there isn’t a single figure to define accuracy…rather, we define accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
For example, the chlamydia test we offer is a urine test that’s called the Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT). Recommended by the CDC, this test is extremely specific…which means that, if it says you have chlamydia, you almost certainly have it. The test is 98.5% specific for men and 98.9% specific for women.
Sensitivity of the test is a bit lower, however, meaning that it picks up chlamydia in 94.7% of women and 97.7% of men who are infected. That said, the NAAT is highly effective and there’s no better, non-invasive chlamydia test available today.
If you get tested for chlamydia and it turns out that you’re positive, I have good news for you: chlamydia is curable.
If a chlamydia infection goes untreated, however, there’s a risk of complications. For example, some women develop pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a potentially serious infection of the female reproductive system. And, according to the CDC, PID causes up to 10-15% of these women to become infertile.
What about men and chlamydia? Although men are less likely to develop complications, epididymitis (an infection of the tubes that carry sperm from the testes) or prostatitis (an infection of the prostate gland) are possible complications from an untreated chlamydia infection.
The takeaway? The sooner you get tested for chlamydia ⎼ and treated, if necessary ⎼ the better. Do you know your STD status? If not, perhaps you’ll allow me to lead you through this quick and easy STD Test Recommender to help you decide if testing for chlamydia or other STDs makes sense for you.
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Production disruptions hit gold flow
Australia produced 62 tonnes of gold in the September quarter. Photo: Erin Jonasson
GOLD production in Australia slumped in the September quarter, as the nation's mines lagged under planned and unplanned equipment outages.
Statistics compiled by Surbiton Associates show the amount of gold produced in Australia was lower than the June quarter of 2012 and the September quarter of 2011.
The 62 tonnes produced was well below the 67 tonnes produced over the same period in 2011 and the 64 tonnes in the three months to June.
Surbiton director Dr Sandra Close said the result was disappointing and influenced by the fact Kalgoorlie's ''superpit'' produced its lowest quarterly total in nearly five years.
Jointly owned by North American giants Barrick and Newmont, the superpit mined through lower than average grades during the period.
As a result, it was eclipsed by Newmont's Boddington mine - also in Western Australia - as the nation's biggest gold-producing mine.
A planned shutdown at Newcrest's Telfer mine also contributed.
But Dr Close said there was room for optimism, with several large projects, including Newcrest's Cadia East expansion, ready to start producing gold within the next month or so.
The benchmark gold price spent most of last week hovering around $US1720 an ounce.
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The strangest aspect of post-Sandy Hook hysteria is the controversy over a New York newspaper that published a map showing the names and addresses of people who own guns. The paper’s purpose was unclear; apparently it thought that the gun owners would be embarrassed, or that those who do not yet own firearms might be deterred from buying one by the fear that they too could be “outed.” In some contexts, such concerns could be well founded. Via InstaPundit, we learn that prison inmates are using the Journal News map to threaten guards and their families:
Rockland County Sheriff Louis Falco, who spoke at a news conference flanked by other county officials, said the Journal News’ decision to post an online map of names and addresses of handgun owners Dec. 23 has put law enforcement officers in danger.
“They have inmates coming up to them and telling them exactly where they live. That’s not acceptable to me,” Falco said, according to Newsday.
Of course, there are advantages to having your home identified as one occupied by a gun owner, too: it serves as a warning to burglars and other would-be criminals to go elsewhere. This is one reason why I have been happy to describe my own experiences with firearms and occasionally post photos of some of my better efforts at the range. One of my neighbors is a big game hunter whose living room is decorated with the heads of African animals. He owns firearms that make “assault rifles” look like toys. Personally, I would consider it a good thing if the criminal element believed that my whole neighborhood is heavily armed.
But here’s the thing: can you imagine another context in which anyone would think it appropriate to publish a map showing the names and addresses of residents, along with any information about them? Suppose a newspaper published a map that identified all the homes where no adult male lives, so that thieves and rapists would know just where to go. Or a map showing how many television sets belong to each homeowner. Or how about automobiles? The Department of Motor Vehicles collects information about the automobiles that belong to each household. Can you imagine the outcry if a newspaper obtained that information from the DMV and published an online map identifying by name and address the occupants of each house, and describing by make and model all of their motor vehicles? That, too, could be of great value to thieves, but beyond that, is there anyone who wouldn’t consider such an act an outrageous invasion of privacy?
And yet somehow, the liberals who publish the Journal News thought it was perfectly acceptable to publish a map identifying local gun owners, with names and addresses. The fact that anyone tries to defend this action illustrates how the mere thought of a firearm sends some people around the bend.
Meanwhile, every day brings new reminders that, no matter what newspaper editorial boards may believe, you are better off if your family is one of the ones protected by firearms. From Loganville, Georgia:
A woman hiding in her attic with children shot an intruder multiple times before fleeing to safety Friday.
The incident happened at a home on Henderson Ridge Lane in Loganville around 1 p.m.
It’s interesting: I always think of break-ins as occurring in the middle of the night, but it is amazing how many take place in the middle of the day.
The woman was working in an upstairs office when she spotted a strange man outside a window, according to Walton County Sheriff Joe Chapman. He said she took her 9-year-old twins to a crawlspace before the man broke in using a crowbar.
But the man eventually found the family.
“The perpetrator opens that door. Of course, at that time he’s staring at her, her two children and a .38 revolver,” Chapman told Channel 2’s Kerry Kavanaugh.
The woman then shot him five times, but he survived, Chapman said. He said the woman ran out of bullets but threatened to shoot the intruder if he moved.
If she had been using a semiautomatic pistol with a decent sized magazine, she wouldn’t have run out of bullets. But the story ended happily anyway. The key always is, not just to possess a gun, but to know how to use it.
UPDATE: Former burglars confirm that the Journal News did criminals a great service:
“That was the most asinine article I’ve ever seen,” said Walter T. Shaw, 65, a former burglar and jewel thief who the FBI blames for more than 3,000 break-ins that netted some $70 million in the 1960s and 1970s. “Having a list of who has a gun is like gold – why rob that house when you can hit the one next door, where there are no guns? …
“They just created an opportunity for some crimes to be committed and I think it’s exceptionally stupid,” said Bob Portenier, 65, a former burglar and armed house robber turned crime prevention consultant.
Professional burglars are always looking for an edge, and like most folks, they read the paper, said Portenier. …
While some burglars may use the newspaper’s information to avoid guns, Portenier said others will target homes with guns. The newspaper’s decision could even lead to legally-owned guns proliferating on the street, he said.
“That’s one of the first things we’d check out—guns are on the top of the list of what you want to steal,” he said. “They can walk out with a shotgun and a couple of handguns and sell them on the street for $300 or $400 a pop. They can sell them to a gangbanger who ends up killing someone.”
Frank Abagnale, who was portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio in the 2002 film “Catch Me if You Can,” and is perhaps the most famous reformed thief to ever earn a legitimate living by offering the public insight into the criminal mind, called the newspaper’s actions “reprehensible.”
“It is unbelievable that a newspaper or so called journalist would publish the names and addresses of legal gun owners, including federal agents, law enforcement officers and the like,” said Abagnale, who noted that he grew up in the suburban New York area served by the Journal-News. “This would be equivalent to publishing the names of individuals who keep substantial sums of money, jewelry and valuables in their home.”
And from St. Paul comes another heartwarming story of self-defense, which reminds us that pink is only a color. Actually, these women sound formidable enough that they may have been able to dispatch the intruder even without a firearm:
A man whose burglary of a St. Paul home was foiled by two women and a pink-handled handgun was sentenced Friday, Jan. 4, to nearly 11 years in prison.
Described by his own attorney as a “career criminal,” Marty Mark Childs has at least nine prior felony convictions, including residential burglary, theft and attempted escape. …
[Rebecca Larson, 56] went in the house to get something and saw Childs in the kitchen standing next to her open purse. “What the hell are you doing in my home?” she said, according to the criminal complaint against Childs.
He held a wad of crumpled cash toward her, saying, “Here’s your money back. The cops sent me.” He tried to leave, pushing Larson’s chest to get away, but she pushed him back and locked the door.
Hickman picked up her Taurus 9 mm handgun, which had pink grips, and came into the kitchen. She saw her mother struggling with Childs. Larson forced him to the floor “where he remained at gunpoint until police arrived and arrested him,” the complaint said.
Childs told police that one of the women put her foot behind his neck and kneeled on his back when he was on the floor — pinning him down. …
The victims, who sat in court wearing pink tops, said through a statement read by a prosecutor that the incident robbed them of their sense of safety in their home.
As I say, a heartwarming story for the holiday season. And note that, as in the vast majority of cases, it wasn’t necessary to fire the gun for it to be an effective tool of self-defense.
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Graphic novels are not just by boys, for boys! Some of most powerful and original examples of the genre have been created by female writers and artists as diverse as Posy Simmonds, Inverna Lockpez and Marjane Satrapi. And this is not a recent phenomenon.
Want to know more? Of course you do. Come along to Central Library next Wednesday (2nd May) from 6.00 – 7.30pm, when illustrator and zinemaker Heather Middleton will give an illustrated talk on the history of graphic novels and zines by women.
When Heather gave a similar talk in Glasgow recently it went down a storm so book now to reserve your place.
This is part of an exciting series of talks and exhibitions celebrating the lives and achievements of some remarkable women, organised in conjunction with Glasgow Women’s Library and The Bonnie Fechters.
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Opened in 1873 at the top of Ueno Hill, Tokyo's first public park houses several world-class museums, a popular zoo, shrines, ... More
Opened in 1873 at the top of Ueno Hill, Tokyo's first public park houses several world-class museums, a popular zoo, shrines, temples, a rental boat lake, historical monuments, hundreds of cherry blossom trees, and a lotus pond. Ueno Park, being Tokyo's largest, has so much to offer that a day would not be enough. Visit the park during every season to appreciate its full beauty.
I sort of enjoyed Ueno zoo because I love animals..but seeing animals kept in tiny cages is a little heart breaking. The pandas looked thoroughly miserable and the poor zebras had an enclosure unfit for a small labrador..
Good points are it's very cheap and easy to get to.
Ueno Park is not all that it's hyped up to be. Homeless people abound in and around this park and make for a very uncomfortable feeling for visitors. If your intent is to visit the museums, then go. If you are going to see the Japanese culture, then there are other places in Tokyo that are much more fulfilling. I wouldn't recommend going to this park if it was the last place in Tokyo to visit.
Okay, it was a great time. I am looking forward to going back next time I go to Japan. I liked the atmosphere of the whole place it made me feel welcome to stay there. I would recamend it to anyone, take an adventure. What are you waiting for.
Been to Ueno several times over the last 8 years and always find something worthwhile to pass the time and some great Ryokan (Japanese guesthouse/B&B).
There's the great temple complex Goju just under the Zoo's monorail which if you're at the right time, you will see people practicing Kyudo (Japanese Archery) from within the dojo out into the temple garden. (Been past well late at night and they're still practicing). The market around shinobazu pond looks great at night all lit up and there are all sorts of bargains to be had and even a spot of hands on pot painting if you're feeling artistic.
There are homeless people in the park, but there's no danger of mugging or anything like that and there's a great deal of shopping to be done in the streets next to the railway where they started after the war as a black market system, now a fully developed shopping area, complete with the obligitory Mc D's & KFC :(
As with the rest of Tokyo a place full of contrasts and well worth a visit. Will be taking some of my students there when I'm over in July this year.
The ueno area is a great place to visit. The park is very beautiful and a good size, the ueno zoo was great and very cheap. It is also a short distance from the train station and has some very nice stores in the surrounding area.
I think that Ueno was one of my favourite places in Tokyo... The combination of temples, free street performers, restaurants, zoo, shops and markets made it great...
Yes there are homeless people there, but homelessness is going to occur anywhere in the world. The Japanese Homeless are extremely humble people regardless, and poeple need to understand that.
This was a great day for our family. The weather was not so hot and also rainy so the animals were actually very active. A lot of babies too! Overall a lot of animals. We also ate lunch in the cafeteria. Pretty good. Got the chicken that they said had a soy sauce taste but it didn't. Great value too! 600 yen for adult and free for under 11. Incidentally, the polar bears seemed fine and dandy to me. There area was very good size too.
Ueno is the best final destination for someone who does not want to venture too far in Tokyo. It has the shrines, zoo, museums, park itself and countless smaller activities.
In the spring, it is famous for the cherry blosoms. In the summer, the activities. Kite flying . . . .
It is an exceptional value and a place one would not want to miss.
The latest models of audio visual and computer products are yours to test in this tall, slim, and eye catching
building. The High Vision Theater shows free movies every day. Experience Sonys outstanding audio and visual entertainment at the ...
Founded in 1926, the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum displays a wide range of Japanese art forms in its six huge
galleries. Apart from organizing exhibitions of traditional Japanese crafts, graphic design, and calligraphy by contemporary Japanese artists, the museum ...
The Tokyo National Museum displays sculptures, paintings, calligraphy, archaeological objects, and other decorative arts. Broadly divided into Japanese, Chinese, and
Korean forms, the museum's collections are nothing if not an artistic preservation of Asian history and culture. Exhibitions, lectures, ...
*Terms & Conditions: Savings calculation is based on Flight + Hotel vacation package bookings for a 3 month period for 2 adults with a 2+ night length of stay compared to price of the same components if booked separately during same period. Savings will vary based on origin/destination, length of trip, travel dates and selected travel supplier(s). Savings not available on all packages.
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Irritable bowel syndromeDefinition:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) refers to a disorder that involves abdominal pain and cramping, as well as changes in bowel movements.
It is not the same as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis .
Spastic colon; Irritable colon; Mucous colitis; Spastic colitis
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
There are many possible causes of IBS. For example, there may be a problem with muscles in the intestine, or the intestine may be more sensitive to stretching or movement. There is no problem with the structure of the intestine.
It is not clear why patients develop IBS, but in some instances, it occurs after an intestinal infection. This is called postinfectious IBS. There may also be other triggers.
Stress can worsen IBS. The colon is connected to the brain through nerves of the autonomic nervous system. These nerves become more active during times of stress, and can cause the intestines to squeeze or contract more. People with IBS may have a colon that is over-responsive to these nerves.
IBS can occur at any age, but it often begins in adolescence or early adulthood. It is more common in women. About 1 in 6 people in the U.S. have symptoms of IBS. It is the most common intestinal complaint for which patients are referred to a gastroenterologist.
Symptoms range from mild to severe. Most people have mild symptoms. Symptoms vary from person to person.
Abdominal pain, fullness, gas, and bloating that have been present for at least 6 months are the main symptoms of IBS. The pain and other symptoms will often:
- Occur after meals
- Come and go
- Be reduced or go away after a bowel movement
People with IBS may switch between constipation and diarrhea, or mostly have one or the other.
- People with diarrhea will have frequent, loose, watery stools. They will often have an urgent need to have a bowel movement, which is difficult to control.
- Those with constipation will have difficulty passing stool, as well as less frequent bowel movements. They will often need to strain and will feel cramping with a bowel movement. Often, they do not eliminate any stool, or only a small amount.
For some people, the symptoms may get worse for a few weeks or a month, and then decrease for a while. For other people, symptoms are present most of the time and may even slowly increase.
People with IBS may also lose their appetite.
Signs and tests:
Most of the time, your doctor can diagnose IBS based on your symptoms, with few or no tests. Eating a lactose-free diet for 2 weeks may help the doctor evaluate for a possible lactase deficiency .
There is no test to diagnose IBS, but tests may be done to rule out other problems:
- Blood tests to see if you have a low blood count (anemia )
- Stool cultures to rule out an infection
Some patients will have sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy . During these tests, a hollow tube is inserted through the anus. The doctor can see through this tube. You may need these tests if:
- Symptoms began later in life (over age 50)
- You have symptoms such as weight loss or bloody stools
- You have abnormal blood tests (such as a low blood count)
Other disorders that can cause similar symptoms include:
The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms.
Lifestyle changes can be helpful in some cases of IBS. For example, regular exercise and improved sleep habits may reduce anxiety and help relieve bowel symptoms.
Dietary changes can be helpful. However, no specific diet can be recommended for IBS in general, because the condition differs from one person to another. The following changes may help:
- Avoid foods and drinks that stimulate the intestines (such as caffeine, tea, or colas)
- Avoid large meals
- Avoid wheat, rye, barley, chocolate, milk products, and alcohol
- Increase dietary fiber
Talk with your doctor before taking over-the-counter medications.
- Fiber supplements can make symptoms worse
- Laxatives taken for constipation can become habit forming
No one medication will work for everyone. Medications your doctor might try include:
- Anticholinergic medications (dicyclomine, propantheline, belladonna, and hyoscyamine) taken about a half-hour before eating to control colon muscle spasms
- Loperamide to treat diarrhea
- Low doses of tricyclic antidepressants to help relieve intestinal pain
- Lubiprostone for constipation symptoms
- Medications that relax muscles in the intestines
Counseling may help in cases of severe anxiety or depression.
Irritable bowel syndrome may be a lifelong condition. For some people, symptoms are disabling and reduce the ability to work, travel, and attend social events.
Symptoms can often be improved or relieved through treatment.
IBS does not cause permanent harm to the intestines, and it does not lead to a serious disease, such as cancer.
Calling your health care provider:
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome or if you notice a persistent change in your bowel habits.
Talley NJ. Irritable bowel syndrome. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2010:chap 118.
Irritable bowel syndrome. NIH Publication No. 07-693. September 2007. The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC).
|Review Date: 7/7/2010|
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Unviersity of Washington School of Medicine; and George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997-
A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
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School Kids Get Preview on Ocmulgee Indian Festival | Education
Title (Max 100 Characters)
The annual Ocmulgee Indian Celebration taking place this weekend at the Ocmulgee National Monument in Macon kicked off a day early for area students.
"It's very important for them to come out here, talk with, and learn from, and observe these true native peoples," explains Ocmulgee National Monument superintendent Jim David.
More than 2,000 students gatherered for a field trip featuring ceremonial dances, educational demonstration, and a game of stickball. Native Americans from tribes including Cherokee, Comanche, and Creek, who were the orginial inhabitants of the Macon area before being forced to move to Oklahoma, are all gathering for the festival.
For kids, it was a chance to learn more about Native American culture and ask questions to tribal members. Some of the most common questions Native Americans say they hear are "Are you a real Indian?" and "Do you still live in teepees."
For the record, many tribes, including the Muscogee (Creek) did not live in teepees. The mounds at Ocmulgee orginially had long houses. Teepees were primarily used by Plains tribes.
The event will begin Saturday at 10 a.m. Tickets are $2 for children 6-12, $5 for anyone 13 and older, and $2 for military who show I.D. You can find the full schedule here .
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An effort to combine geographic features of the Sandhills and Piedmont with cultural and historic aspects of the area is still going strong, according to Sandhills Area Land Trust Consultant Jesse Wimberley.
The Sandhills Area Land Trust Consultant Jesse Wimberley has teamed up with Richmond County Cooperative Extension Agent Paige Burns and Richmond County Planning and Zoning Director of GIS James Armstrong to strengthen the relationship between the landowners along U.S. Highway 73 and the organizations that offer programs to foster economic goals and culturally historic goals. This project is part of the Sandhills Area Land Trust’s (SALT) effort to preserve the history and natural resources along scenic by-ways in North Carolina. There are two other projects nearby that are similar.
When Wimberley spoke of the preservation effort, he used a term many may not have heard before: view-shed.
“As people travel along the road, they have a very positive experience,” said Wimberley. “It makes you feel better. It induces you to feel like you want to see more. You want to explore. It makes the whole experience pleasurable.”
Wimberley hopes to help landowners expand the view-shed by implementing strategies to increase land value and to entice businesses to locate on Highway 73.
“It will have an accumulative effect if we set up the climate for business growth,” said Wimberley.
One strategy Wimberley aims for is to place a map in the hands of people who are interested in the area.
“I want to create a hard copy map,” said Wimberley. “The map will drive you to the website. It will be something you can pick up and it will have all three scenic byways. I hope it will catch your eye. Then for more details you would go to the website.”
Wimberley said the website should allow visitors to the area to create a personalized tour tailored to their interests.
“For instance, if you like birdwatching, you would put that in and the website would tell you where to stop along the way, where good viewing spots were,” said Wimberley.
He said he has been in conversation with Armstrong about tying in real-time updates and creating an app for smart phones that can be downloaded from the website.
“The concept will be based on that we want people to understand the natural history and the human history,” said Wimberley. “We don’t have the mountains or the beach so we have to look a little harder for what is here. Like, people may see the pottery area and say why is the pottery area there? Well, because there is so much clay there. I really feel like getting people to understand why people are where they are will help us preserve the area.”
“I think what this group is doing is a fantastic mission,” said Armstrong. “As they begin to develop the app, I let them know I’d be more than happy to help.”
— Staff Writer Dawn M. Kurry can be reached at 910-997-3111, ext. 15, or by email at email@example.com.
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Quad-core A15 beast
A Samsung software engineer has inadvertently spilled the beans on an upcoming quad-core Exynos chip. Writing on a Linux kernel Git page, senior engineer on Samsung’s Solution Development Team Kukjin Kim confirmed the existence of an unannounced Exynos chip.
“This patch adds support for EXYNOS5440 SoC which is including ARM Cortex-A15 Quad cores,” wrote Kim. However, in previous entries, dating back to October, Kim also mentioned the SSDK5440 which he described as “a kind of reference board.” In spite of the leaks, the Exynos 5440 is still a bit of a mystery.
Some rumourmongers claim it will power the new Galaxy S IV, but at this point details are pretty scarce. The Exynos 5250 of Nexus 10 fame is Samsung’s first A15 chip, a dual-core clocked at 1.7GHz and paired up with speedy Mali T604 graphics. So it seems only logical that the quad-core should be quite a bit faster. Rumour has it that it will run at up to 2GHz, and that it will feature Mali T658 graphics, with eight cores versus the T604’s four cores.
It all sounds good, perhaps even a bit too good to be true. It sounds like overkill for any phone, even a flagship Galaxy device. While the 5440 is obviously in the works, we wouldn’t bet too much cash on seeing it in phones anytime soon. Tablets, of course, are another matter.
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High tech cling wraps that ‘sieve out’ carbon dioxide from waste gases can help save the world, says Melbourne University chemical engineer, Colin Scholes who developed the technology.
The membranes can be fitted to existing chimneys where they capture CO2 for removal and storage. They are already being tested on brown coal power stations in Victoria’s La Trobe Valley, Colin says. His work is being presented for the first time in public through Fresh Science, a communication boot camp for early career scientists held at the Melbourne Museum. Colin was one of 16 winners from across Australia.
“The membrane material is specifically designed to separate CO2 from other molecules,” he says. “It acts like a filter and is much more efficient than existing technology. We are hoping these membranes will become an important part of a carbon capture and storage strategy which will cut emissions from power stations by up to 90 per cent.”
Not only are the new membranes efficient, they are also relatively cheap to produce. “Carbon capture and storage is currently very expensive. Reducing the cost of trapping the CO2 will make it much more affordable. And cheaper systems mean power generators can put them in place much sooner.”
Another crucial aspect of the membrane has been its toughness – a power station chimney is not a friendly environment. “Trials with real flue gas have been essential for the development of material robust enough to handle industrial conditions,” Colin says.
“Fossil fuels currently supply 85 per cent of the world’s energy,” says Colin, one of the founders of the Australian chapter of Scientists without Borders. “So despite the urgent need to reduce levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the International Energy Agency predicts fossil fuels will continue to be heavily used for many years to come. Carbon capture and storage will be an important part of the portfolio of solutions to address climate change including energy efficiency, less carbon-intensive fuels, natural carbon sinks and renewable energy.”
Colin’s work is supported by the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies where he is a research fellow.
Colin Scholes is one of 16 early-career scientists releasing their research to the public for the first time thanks to Fresh Science, a national program sponsored by the Australian Government. His challenges so far have included presenting his discoveries in verse at a Melbourne pub.
For further information, contact Colin Scholes at firstname.lastname@example.org
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How Fort Collins' Chickens Are Faring
Across the nation, more than 30 cities passed ordinances that make it legal for people to keep chickens in their backyards, including Fort Collins, where one year later all the squawking over whether to pass the new law has settled into a soft, but distinct, clucking sound. Thirty-six households have since acquired chicken licenses and are apparently farming their own super-fresh eggs. And just six of the more than 14,300 calls animal-control officers received involved chickens. "Not much has happened," Bill Porter, director of animal control with the Larimer Humane Society, tells 9News. Four roosters in town upset neighbors, but those were "accidents," Porter tells the Fort Collins Coloradoan, saying the owners "thought they were buying hens as chicks only to discover they were roosters." The ordinance allows residents to keep up to six hens, regulates coops, and prohibits slaughter. Susan Orlean recently wrote about the history of chicken farming and its revival for The New Yorker (subscription required), which features video of the author with her chickens online. Orlean also took some time to answer reader questions via chat.
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Beginner’s guide to climbing Colorado’s fourteeners.
Top Dentists: The 2013 List.
Hip-hop’s ultimate one-hit wonders.
Remodel the master bath?
Playful accents mingle with traditional style in this Cherry Hills house.
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Researchers Hunt Down Antarctic Microbes
Scientists from Louisiana State University look for signs of microbial life in Antarctica's glaciers
June 3, 2010
Antarctica is just about as far away from Louisiana State University's (LSU) hot and humid home state as you can get. But despite the extreme temperatures and frozen landscape, that's just where doctoral student and Louisiana native Shawn Doyle, along with his adviser, Brent Christner, spends a great deal of time doing fieldwork.
"Shawn's project focuses on providing evidence that metabolically active microbes exist in ice," said Christner, assistant professor of biology at LSU. "So traveling to Antarctica is really just part of the job description."
Doyle started working in Christner's lab as an undergraduate student at the university. It was through this research experience that he was able to travel to Antarctica for the first time.
"I never thought I'd end up traveling to Antarctica in my lifetime," Doyle said. "After I took a job in Dr. Christner's research lab during my senior year, I soon found myself standing on the coldest, windiest and highest continent on the planet. I got to visit the frozen continent for the first time back in 2007, and I just returned recently from my second trip this last December ."
The microbes Doyle and Christner study are significant because scientists previously believed that no life could inhabit the world's glaciers and ice sheets. Researchers assumed that any microorganisms in these permanently frozen environments would be dead or metabolically dormant, and thus have no significant impact on their environment.
"Microbes live beneath the ice sheets of Antarctica, for example, in subglacial lakes with no access to sunlight," Christner said. "If we are successful in showing that these microscopic creatures have the potential to metabolize and persist within glaciers, this would support notions of microbial life existing on other icy planets or moons in the solar system."
Of course, just getting to Antarctica is an adventure in itself. After an overnight flight from Los Angeles, the researchers stop in Christchurch, New Zealand, to acquire their extreme cold weather, or ECW, gear from the clothing distribution center run by the U.S. Antarctic Program, which is managed by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Weather permitting, the following morning, the team boards an Air Force C-17 for a five-hour flight due south to the ice runway at NSF's McMurdo Station.
All further transport from McMurdo to Christner and Doyle's field camp in Taylor Valley is by helicopter. These services are provided by Petroleum Helicopters Inc., or PHI, which is, coincidentally, also located in Louisiana.
Once the researchers have arrived and settled in, it's time to get to work. In order to access the glacial ice they wish to sample, Christner, Doyle and their colleagues use chainsaws, demolition hammers and ice picks to literally carve ice caves into the sides of glaciers.
"All participants are trained to use the equipment safely, so it's not as dangerous as it sounds, plus it's the best way to collect very large samples for analysis," Christner said. "I'll admit, chainsaws aren't exactly typical tools used in microbiological fieldwork."
While the research is compelling and the fieldwork exciting, living conditions at base camp aren't quite up to hotel standards.
"We each have our own one-person mountaineering tent to sleep in," Doyle said. "We're supplied with heavy, cold-weather sleeping bags, as well as a pile liner and camping mattress to sleep on. It's not luxurious or anything, but it does keep you warm."
But how do the scientists stay comfortable when they're working?
"It's all about being properly equipped," Christner said. "NSF provides us with excellent extreme-weather gear and equipment. Conducting research in this environment would be extremely difficult without this high level of support."
"The worst part is the heavy, steel-toed Baffin boots we have to wear to the tunnel-site," Doyle said. "I'd imagine, since I grew up in Louisiana, it's a little more difficult for me; but some of the other guys from Montana who are used to the cold weather are probably a little more comfortable with all the heavy equipment we have to wear."
Aside from the cold, one of the most challenging issues Doyle and Christner face while acclimating to life on the continent is the constant presence of sunlight.
"In the field, we start our days around 8 a.m., just like any workplace. This can take a little getting used to at first, because remember, during the austral summer in Antarctica, the sun never sets! It's daytime, all the time," Doyle said.
A surprising revelation about life in the Antarctic field camps is that, well, the food isn't half bad.
"This is the most popular question I get asked about Antarctica field-camp life," Doyle said. "Surprisingly, we eat very well in the field. We have lots of frozen meats, vegetables and canned goods from which we can cook just about whatever we want. Some members of the team are actually very good cooks. We've cooked meals ranging from vegetable stir fry to pork roasts with mashed potatoes. Nevertheless, there are some things we can't get in the field, like fresh dairy products and produce."
No matter what the conditions, doing research in Antarctica is the opportunity of a lifetime for these two biologists.
"This is the fantastic part about science," Doyle said. "It's not all lab coats and test-tubes. You have to go out in the field and explore, find samples to test your hypotheses and use the most amazing technology available to get to the bottom of these biological mysteries. It's really an exciting field of study."
In fact, Doyle is so taken with this research that he developed an outreach program to expose high-school students at his alma mater, Sulphur High School in Sulphur, La., to the opportunities a career in biological sciences can bring. He also created a blog, so that the students could follow his fieldwork in Antarctica.
"Reaching out to my old high school has been a very fulfilling experience," Doyle said. "I just think it's so important for kids to know that scientific careers bring great options, and the earlier they understand this, the better for their futures."
"It is incredibly rewarding to watch how students develop and are inspired by conducting research and field work," Christner said. "The pathway to becoming a scientist seems like a long road, but there is a huge payoff in the end. You get to travel to places most people only dream of and delve into questions that have never been asked. It involves long hours and dedication, but it sure beats working for a living!"
For more information, visit Christner's website.
-- Ashley Berthelot, Louisiana State University, email@example.com
This Behind the Scenes article was provided to LiveScience in partnership with the National Science Foundation.
Louisiana State University
Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research: Workshop Opportunities (EPS)
#0636828 Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology of Taylor Glacier Basal Ice
#0636770 Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology of Taylor Glacier Basal Ice
LiveScience.com: Behind the Scenes: Researchers Hunt Down Antarctic Microbes: http://www.livescience.com/environment/antarctice-microbes-bts-100521.html
United States Antarctic Program: http://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/antarct/usap.jsp
Glacial Microbes - Shawn Doyle: http://glacialmicrobes.blogspot.com/
Christner Research Group: http://brent.xner.net/
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Like others, Beth Iszard Swift was sickened by the carnage committed in Newtown, Conn.
But unlike her fellow Buffalo residents, Swift knew that bucolic community firsthand: She grew up there, moving to Newtown from nearby Monroe at age 8 until she went off to college in 1978. And she later lived in Sandy Hook, a part of Newtown. A sister and her family still live in nearby Woodridge.
“I was just horrified. It was ungraspable,” said Swift, when she learned of the mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School that killed 26 people – 20 of them children – Dec. 14.
Dawn Hochsprung, the school principal killed by Adam Lanza, had previously been vice principal at the middle school attended by Swift’s niece.
In response to the terrible tragedy, Swift, a graduate of Newtown High School, her brother and sister have banded together with nearly 60 other Newtown public school graduates from around the world to raise funds for mental health counseling and other community needs.
“Like everything – like in the Colorado [movie theater] shooting and these other mass shootings – the world moves on. But for the people Newtown and Sandy Hook, it’s a tragedy that will always be with them,” Swift said.
“There were a lot of funds raised for memorials, which is great, but our mission at Newtown Alumni Fund is to make sure that our funding will help those survivors with counseling and any kind of recovery they may need, from students and teachers to first responders.”
Swift said she explored Newtown just last summer, revisiting old haunts.
“I drove around for a good 2½ hours, past our old house and my schools. I hadn’t done it in a long time. It was a really great place to grow up,” Swift said.
While the town’s layout remained the same, she said the town looked better, because its historic buildings – Newtown was incorporated 302 years ago – were being better maintained “architecturally and preservation-wise.”
Swift said the community – locals and expatriates – is determined to help Newtown get through this terrible ordeal.
“We’re saying, ‘We are Newtown.’ That is the catchphrase. People are sticking together, and doing what they can for people. It’s a lot like Buffalo in that sense.”
Funds raised by Newtown Alumni Fund are being channeled through the Newtown Rotary. To donate, go to newtownalumnifund.org, or make a check to Newtown Rotary Club, Sandy Hook School Fund, with Newtown Alumni Fund marked in the memo section, and mailed to Newtown Alumni Fund, P.O. Box 3217, Newtown, CT 06470.
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Speed-Wiz features a unique, powerful, fast engine simulator. Our engine simulator is completely different from anything else that is available.
Other engine simulators work by making hundreds or even thousands of calculations to try to account for the huge variety of possible combinations in different engines – bore and stroke, compression, valve timing, and much more – and predict the resulting power that the engine will produce. Obviously these are some very complicated calculations. So while these programs have gotten a lot better over the years, they are still only as good as the programmer that creates them and the techniques they use.
For Speed-Wiz's engine simulator, instead of trying to improve the existing techniques, we took a completely different approach. We spent months gathering a vast amount of real dyno data from a wide variety of engines. We built a large database of power curves for everything from small, economy 4-cylinders to full race engines. This included not only power and torque curves but numerous, detailed engine specifications as well.
But obviously no database of power curves can even come close to containing all the possible engine combinations. So the trick is to learn the patterns as well as the data – how do changes in the engine components, in various combinations, affect the engine's output?
In order to accomplish this learning, we then used our library of dyno results to create an artificial intelligence knowledge base. This technique allows the computer to examine all the different data in great detail. By making millions of comparisons it can determine exactly what effect each feature of the engine has in combination with the other ones. The computer is able to learn much more than any person can - it can read the entire set of power curves millions of times per minute. We trained our knowledge base for hundreds of hours! The patterns within the data were precisely identified, measured, and recorded.
Using this technique also makes our simulator extremely fast. Other simulators have to do lots of calculation for each engine speed they need to simulate. But Speed-Wiz has already done all those calculations, thousands of times probably, and all it needs to do is tally them up. Not that there is any kind of simple lookup table – Speed-Wiz features an advanced artificial intelligence algorithm that analyzes your inputs and derives an output using its huge, encoded knowledge base.
Obviously, our competitors would love to get their hands on this revolutionary technology. That's why we're not providing any specifics about how this artificial intelligence knowledge base is implemented. But rest assured that you will find it a very powerful tool for use with engine modeling on almost any level.
The artificial intelligence engine simulator provides lots of benefits:
The Speed-Wiz engine simulator is loaded with features to make it the best automotive engine simulator you can get.
The data produced by the engine simulator – power and torque curves – are shared throughout Speed-Wiz. For instance, the acceleration simulator optionally uses the power or torque curve for its input. The engine simulator only works with 4-cycle, spark-ignition engines.
|Copyright © 1997 - 2013 Speed-Wiz.com. All rights
E-mail: Internet: www.Speed-Wiz.com
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I have to say, I find it astonishing how First can cut so many services to highly populated areas of the city.
Yet in the small village where I live, there has been an huge amount of buses put on the route after a small, independent, family run company stepped in as competition.
JMB Travel launched its Shotts to Hamilton 56 service in December 2011 in competition with First's similar 266 service.
Since then, First Bus has commited a vast amount of resources on to the route to try and run its minuscule competitor – which only runs every 30 minutes – off the road.
Shotts has never seen so many buses.
When is this madness going to stop?
Name and address supplied
I WAS totally amazed to read your article on changes proposed by First Bus.
I see that the bus for my area, the Number 119 Milngavie service, would be replaced by Number 60 which will operate a service from Easterhouse covering Clydebank and Milngavie.
I have tried to see how this can work.
I certainly would need a flask and sandwiches.
Perhaps someone should give the manager of First Bus a map of Glasgow.
COMMENTING on the recent attack on a baby by an urban fox , Colin Seddon of the SSPCA Wild Life Rescue Centre stated 'in 30 years working with wildlife I have never known a wild fox attack a person'. What planet is he on?
In 2002 a fox mauled a 14-month-old baby in Kent. In June 2010 twin babies were mauled by a fox in Hackney.
In the same year in East Lothian a man had his nose and fingers bitten off by a fox.
The urban fox population has been increasing over recent years. It is only a matter of time before a child is killed. Governments should act now.
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The Four mile track workout has worked for many military and short distance runners for years. This workout is basically interval training. Interval training means you run at a certain pace for a particular distance then increase the pace for a certain distance. The Four mile track workout is broken into 1/4 mile sprints and jogs and 1/8 mile sprints and jogs for a total of four miles. The workout goes as follows:
4 Mile Track Work
Jog – 1 mile in 7:00 – 8:00
Three sets of:
Sprint-1/4 mile as fast as you can
Jog – 1/4 mile in 1:45-2:00
Six sets of:
Jog – 1/8 mile 1:00
Do this workout without walking to rest. The only rest you will receive is during your slower jogging pace. Try to catch your breath while you jog. Have fun with this one it is tough.
Another good speed workout is called REPEATS. Simply run a certain distance as fast as you can a specified number of times. This time you get to walk to recover and catch your breath before the next sprint. You can try one of the following distances for a challenging workout:
MILE REPEATS – 1 mile x 3-4 (walk 1/2 mile in between) = 3-4 miles
1/2 MILE REPEATS – 1/2 mile x 6 (walk 1/4 mile in between) = 3 miles
1/4 MILE REPEATS – 1/4 mile repeats x 12 (walk 1/8 mile in between) = 3 miles
1/8 MILE REPEATS – 1/8 mile repeat x 16 (walk 100 yds in between) = 2 miles
Finally, if you have not had enough, you can try mixing shorter jogs and sprints together for a longer period of time. This type of training is great for building the speed and endurance needed for any of the PFTs or 5 or 10K races. I call them SPRINT / JOGS. Simply run about 50 yards as fast as you can then jog 50 yards fairly slow in order to catch your breath. I like doing this one where telephone poles line the road so I can just sprint form one telephone pole then jog to the next.
Sprint / Jogs
50 yd sprint / 50 yd jog
for 10, 20 , 30 minutes
All of these workouts are fantastic ways to get faster but build the needed endurance which most sprinters lack. These workouts are just a few of over a hundred different workouts featured in my book, Maximum Fitness , The Complete Guide to Navy SEAL Cross-Training and some of the downloadable eBooks .
Get more law enforcement fitness books at the PoliceLink Fitness Store .
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Europe is in debt crisis, the Middle East is shaking and there's market panic at home. It is against this backdrop that we present the World's 100 Most Powerful Women.
The women on this list were chosen not just for being on top but for being smack in the middle of Richter-registering events--and more. Their power derives from money and might, yes, but also (thanks to old, new and social media) reach and influence.
This year's No. 1 in the ranking, German Chancellor Angela Merkel--recognized as the "undisputed" leader of the EU--is key to curing what ails the euro zone. As the Arab spring turns into the autocrats' summer, No. 2-ranked U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton provides encouragement to dissidents, while Facebook's Sheryl Sandberg (No. 5) and Twitter's Katie Jacobs Stanton (No. 56) empower the rebels storming the barricades with an uninterrupted newsfeed--or a way to report in 140 characters or less.
Michele Bachmann (No. 22) is rocking the 2012 presidential race while Sarah Palin (No. 34) is still playing coy. We have lots of business leaders too: women from Silicon Valley and Wall Street and Main Street; entrepreneurs of import, like HTC's Cher Wang (No. 20), Zhang Xin (No. 48), billionaire cofounder of real-estate empire SOHO China, and media marquise Arianna Huffington (No. 31).
The Power 100 Women are not just newsmakers--they are custodians of the news. Jill Abramson (No. 12) makes her first appearance as new executive editor of the New York Times. BBC News, run by Helen Boaden (No. 51), reaches some 34 million viewers weekly. Probably best known are the televised journalists: ABC's Christiane Amanpour (No. 44) and Diane Sawyer (No. 47), Ann Curry of TODAY (No. 66) and On The Record's Greta Van Susteren (No. 75).
Other famous faces make the list this year because they have exploited their celebrity status to build global businesses or champion humanitarian causes. Lady Gaga (No. 11) raised over $200 million to fight HIV/AIDS while Angelina Jolie (No. 29) continues her work as a U.N. ambassador.
The United Nations counts two power women in the ranks: Josette Sheeran (No. 30) of the World Food Programme, the world's largest humanitarian agency, and Helen Clark (No. 50) of the UN Development Programme. Other nonprofit leaders include CARE USA's Helene Gayle (No. 36) and Judith Rodin (No. 71) president of the 98-year-old Rockefeller Foundation.
Ten percent of the list has bank accounts in the 10 figures, including the self-mades Oprah (No. 14) and J.K. Rowling (No. 61). These billies do more than just eat bonbons: Walmart heiress Alice Walton (No. 85) is opening her preeminent collection of American art to the public with the Crystal Bridge Museum on 11/11/11, while Georgina Rinehart (No. 19), the richest woman in Australia--and said to be on track as the richest person in the world in 2012--is using her wealth to campaign against national environmental reforms and taxes.
There's nothing static about the list. Nearly half the women are first-timers or are back after dropping off. Some changed jobs since last year. Most were promoted but some changed tracks altogether or are newly elected to office--all evidence that women are moving up the pipeline.
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Passwords are a pain.
Security requirements are becoming more complex just as we need more passwords for new apps, challenging our ability to remember them all.
Here are the requirements for a reasonably secure password:
1. Contain at least 8 characters.
2. Contain upper case letters.
3. Contain lower case letters.
4. Contain numbers.
5. Contain special characters.
6. Appear to be random.
7. Be different for each application.
8. Be easy to remember.
Unfortunately the first seven requirements make the last almost impossible. Many just give up and use personal information or typical words which are easily cracked. Yes, there are software tools to help out, but they mostly add cost, complexity and management.
Fortunately there's a simple trick I've been using for years, and it's good enough to stop the average hacker. Plus, it costs nothing at all to use. The trick is, don't REMEMBER your passwords - DERIVE them. Here's a simple example using a two phase algorithm - seed selection, and keyboard mapping. It will pseudo-randomize any password.
Start with a seed that's in front of you as you log on to the site, for instance Microsoft. A simple seed would be the first four letters "micr". There. You're halfway done.
See the pattern? The visual pattern is the trick. This password meets the all the standard criteria, yet you don't have to memorize it - just look at the name, then map it visually with your personal method.
Notice I capitalized the first character and had to shift to get the "*" and "$" because I ran out of room moving up the keyboard. That's one way of including special characters and caps. If you don't want special characters, wrap to the bottom of the keyboard instead.
The beauty is, memory was not a factor. It's simply visual. It's best to not even think about what keys you're hitting - just hit the two above your seed character. I honestly have no idea what my passwords are, I just know the pattern that produces them. It's easy once you define a method. For the above approach:
Gmail would produce "T5juq18*"
Yahoo would produce "6^q1y69("
FaceBook would produce "R4q1de3#"
Again, no memorizing. OK, go ahead and use my example method if you like. It's better than using your dog's name. And you won't need to read any further. But remember you'll have the same passwords as every other person who happens to read this blog and goes to the same sites you do.
Or... You can quickly customize.
Just invent your own method (algorithm). There are literally millions of ways of doing it. Here are a few aspects to keep in mind while you think about it:
First, the seed - it should be at least four characters which will produce nearly a half a million unique passwords. Two characters will only create 676 unique passwords - not enough. A three character seed is on the border. And I don't suggest using more than a seven character seed because you'll either be creating very long passwords, or have poor distribution in the mapping phase as described below. Since the objective here is to leave the mob behind, it might be best if you mix up your seed a bit. How about a backward flip - "iamg" for Gmail. Or better yet, replace the "g" with your dog's middle initial. Or yours. It doesn't matter much as long as it's an easy method to remember. Personalizing with an initial or two will also make your passwords different from most others who visit your sites. After all, Microsoft or Hotmail will be a common starting point for many. How about taking every other letter then step back? Gmail could become "gami". Or ignore the first letter and get "mial". You get the idea, there are a lot of ways of doing this - make yours unique. I've only discussed a couple of aspects of seed generation as examples. It's best to come up with something I haven't even talked about. Just be consistent so your method is easy to use.
Now as to the keyboard mapping phase. Our first example was OK, but did you notice how "q1" occurred three times in the last three examples? That's because each seed contained the letter "a", which is a common letter. Also these simple examples only have a fair distribution over the key-map. To produce a good pseudo-random number you need a good distribution across the random field. The keyboard itself makes for a decent random field, as long as you span it well. For instance, "mmiiccrr" for Microsoft stays close to (and IS) your seed. That's poor distribution. In contrast, an expansion of three or four going up will always capture a number, and often a special character. Or if you go down instead, then wrap back up, it's almost as good (but no special characters). Three up will get a number two thirds of the time, and a special character one third of the time. See how you can control how many and what types of characters are likely to end up in your password? There are obviously lots of ways of getting similarly distributed results. Go up for the first seed character, down for the second, capitalize the third and shift the forth to possibly add a special character. Or expand the first seed character once, the second twice, the third three times, etc. You choose - that's the beauty. No one but you knows your method.
Or ignore the first character, right one and three up. Or one up, two left. Or skip a couple. The objective of distribution is to break up patterns of common letters (a, i, e) by applying different directions to different seed letters. This key map phase is where you can really express your unique nature. Try diagonals. Or leaps. There is no right or wrong method, just some are better than others. Scramble your seed. Scramble your map. But in a way that's visual to you. One challenge you'll face are sites that require you to change passwords every few months. An easy (if less secure) solution is simply to add a number starting with 1 to the end (or beginning). Increment the number each time you have to change passwords. In a few tries you'll get it, and have plenty of time before you have to use 1 again. Or add the last digit of the year to your seed and shift it after June 30th. Do what works for you.
It's a good idea to have a backup method for when you encounter other conflicts (such as some sites not allowing special characters). If your password doesn't work, try your simpler method B. Also, don't use your method for any password you have to share with anyone else, or they might guess your trick and put all your other passwords at risk. This is another good reason for a more simple method B or C for shared passwords. Finally, don't make your method TOO complex. There's a point of diminishing return. Other capture or social cracking will make a "perfect" method irrelevant anyway. Video cameras are common and getting smaller, so even a perfect password can be stolen. If you're still concerned, add Iris Scan and go multi-factor. But for most, pseudo-random is good enough. And FAR better than your dog's name.
By the way, Seed Mapping is just one approach that happens to give a fairly good result. There are many other methods. Be creative.
Now go change all your passwords so you can burn that cheat-sheet in your desk drawer.
And let me know how Seed Mapping works for you.
Sierra Computer Group
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We told you earlier this month that the London tubes were to get roaming paramedics to try and cut down on tube delays and today reports are saying the sceme has been a success.
The new scheme allows tube paramedics to using vehicles with flashing blue lights to travelling to tube stations where medical assistance is needed and according to London Underground they have almost halved critical incident response time in the first month of operation.
As you’ll know if you’ve ever travelled on the tube before someone falling ill used to mean a lengthy wait for tube staff with only basic first-aid training to help while paramedics made their way to the scene having a knock on effect on the rest of the tube line. Under the new scheme specially trained paramedics can help those who are ill much quicker.
See more London news here.
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CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES
PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 9 OF THE CONVENTION
Concluding observations of the Committee on
the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
1. The Committee
considered the tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth
periodic reports of Venezuela (CERD/C/263/Add.8/Rev.1)
at its 1169th, 1170th and 1172nd meetings (see CERD/C/SR.1169,
1170 and 1172) held on 13, 14 and 15 August 1996 and,
at its 1181st meeting, held on 21 August 1996, adopted
the following concluding observations.
2. The Committee
commends the State party on its willingness and readiness
to maintain a dialogue with the Committee through submission
of its report and expresses its appreciation to the State
party's delegation for the wealth of additional information
that it provided to the Committee orally. It also notes
with satisfaction the submission of the core document
of Venezuela (HRI/CORE/1/Add.3). The Committee regrets,
however, that the submission of the tenth, eleventh, twelfth
and thirteenth periodic reports was not timely and that
the report under consideration combines the tenth to thirteenth
reports and covers almost a 10-year period.
3. It is noted
that the State party has not made the declaration provided
for in article 14 of the Convention; some members of the
Committee requested that the possibility of making such
a declaration be considered.
B. Factors and difficulties impeding the application
of the Convention
4. It is noted
that Venezuela is undergoing an economic recession after
a period of strong economic development in the 1980s,
and that this may have a negative impact on the effective
implementation of the Convention, especially with regard
to the indigenous population and immigrants from neighbouring
countries of the Andean region for which Venezuela, with
its much more prosperous economy, has represented a pole
of attraction during the past three decades.
C. Positive aspects
5. The notable
efforts made by the State party to establish a comprehensive
legal framework that provides for pluralism and tolerance
in community life, based on the principles embodied in
the Constitution, and provisions contained in the Convention
in particular, are noted with satisfaction.
6. At the
institutional level, the establishment of various organs,
especially an agency for national indigenous policy, which
has the title of the Office of Indigenous Affairs of the
Ministry of Education, is welcomed.
7. The plan
for intercultural bilingual education, contained in presidential
Decree No. 283, which aims to promote active participation
by the indigenous communities in the various fields of
activities within Venezuelan society and to encourage
full and comprehensive knowledge of the culture of existing
ethnic groups among the rest of Venezuelan society, is
noted with interest.
is expressed concerning the intention of the State party
to ratify International Labour Organization Convention
No. 169 on the rights of indigenous peoples, which is
now being considered by the national Parliament.
D. Principal subjects of concern
9. The non-compliance
by the State party with its obligations under article
4 of the Convention is a matter of serious concern, as
is the fact that the State party has not provided sufficient
information on the implementation of the provisions contained
in that article, which call for the adoption of specific
were expressed whether victims of racial discrimination
have effective remedies at their disposal for seeking
just and adequate reparation from the competent tribunals.
It was noted, in particular, that Venezuela's legal system
does not include any provisions for compensation of victims
of racial discrimination, most of whom belong to various
11. It was
regretted that the report contains insufficient information
on the practice with respect to the implementation of
provisions of article 5 of the Convention dealing with
economic, social and cultural rights, especially with
respect to the enjoyment of those rights by the indigenous
was expressed about the insufficient measures to ensure
bilingual education of indigenous peoples and to prevent
the destruction of their cultural heritage.
is expressed that in practice there are separate prison
facilities for persons of the indigenous population.
E. Suggestions and recommendations
14. The Committee
strongly recommends that the necessary measures be taken
to bring domestic legislation into full compliance with
the provisions of article 4 of the Convention.
15. It further
recommends that particular attention be given to the effective
implementation of article 5 (e) and that relevant information
be provided in the next periodic report on the measures
taken in this regard, particularly as far as the indigenous
population and migrant workers are concerned.
efforts should be made to strengthen the system of bilingual
education in order to cover the whole of the indigenous
population, 40 per cent of which remains illiterate, and
to prevent the destruction of the indigenous cultural
17. The Committee
recommends that appropriate measures be taken to provide
health care services for indigenous communities, particularly
those located in remote regions of the country.
18. The Committee
recommends that the State party provide additional information
on the reasons for maintaining the system of separate
prison facilities for members of the indigenous population
and welcomes the fact that the State party has indicated
that increased public expenditure on prisons, to alleviate
overcrowding and resulting problems, has been given priority.
19. The Committee
also recommends that the State party, in its fourteenth
periodic report, provide more detailed information on
the system of human rights organs functioning in the country
on their respective mandates and on how those organs interact
and coordinate their activities. Information on the extent
to which the Government cooperates with non-governmental
organizations in achieving the goals set out in the Convention
would be most welcome.
20. The Committee
would appreciate receiving information from the State
party on the implementation of the Agrarian Reform Law
and how it has promoted distribution of land among indigenous
on racially-motivated violence against indigenous people
following conflicts over land and extrajudicial execution
of members of indigenous populations would be highly welcome.
22. The Committee
also recommends that the State party include in its next
periodic report information on any complaints of racial
or ethnic discrimination, in all its forms, and on judicial
action subsequently taken.
23. The Committee
suggests that the State party ensure the wide dissemination
of the text of the Convention, as well as of the report,
the summary records and the present concluding observations
in Spanish and in indigenous languages.
24. The Committee
recommends that the State party ratify at its earliest
convenience the amendments to article 8, paragraph 6,
of the Convention, adopted by the 14th meeting of States
25. The Committee
draws the State party's attention to the reporting periodicity
as determined by the Committee. It strongly recommends
that the Government of Venezuela comply fully with its
obligations under article 9 of the Convention and that
the fourteenth report, which was due on 5 January 1996,
be an updating report.
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You must be registered to comment and vote on comments.
It’s in the hands of a conference committee, and there are concerns.
The government(s) have framed the game (Affordable Health Care Act), defined the rules for the suppliers (Providers, Clinics, Hospitals, etc.) and are providing the masses with a finite health care commodity (goods/services). Representative Atkins (DFL) states, "This is capitalism at its best!" Then there are people who call for doing this the right way. Command and control. Was not done well in the former Soviet Union. Costs taxpayers lots of money in countries like Norway, Denmark, etc.).
Are we surprised that the health care lobby is trying to twist this to their advantage...I suggest we ban them from having any contact with our elected officials until this thing is up and running. You should be able to enter your personal circumstances into the system, and it gives you back 10 or so choices. 80 is unacceptable! And as well, make them pay to get in...not us! Good editorial.
The Exchange must not be corrupted by Republican efforts to make it even more profitable for insurance companies, completely ignoring the real purpose for whcih it was created. Our company, with fewer than 50 employees, is eagerly awaiting the use of the exchange and the fact that our risk pool will be combined with other small businesses to create a large statewide pool that stablizes our health insurance and makes it less vulnerable to the whims of our employees health (the very reason we buy insurance after all). The exchange has to enforce minimum standards of insurance and not allow the obfuscation of policies by corrupted information designed to fool companies and individuals alike and make purchasing health insurance much more difficult and less transparent. Private insurance scored a big win with the ACA. They will have another 35-40 million customers parusing their policies and purchasing insurance. Corrupting the exchange, the first real free market of insurance the business has ever encountered, makes a mockery out of Republican claims that they believe in a free market and especially competition.
We have to begin this debate with:define affordable!Is paying $600.00 a month for health insurance that has a $5,000 deductible affordable? Minnesotans are doing this right now.What do you do if you have either no health insurance or exhausted COBRA? The rest of the world has had decided that affordable health insurance is a single payer program.America still holds on to a marketplace solution.Minnesota must act in the best interests of those who purchase insurance.The marketplace needs to offer insurance products that are fairly priced and provide quality coverage.There is certainly those who need these insurance products.Right now,Minnesotans usually have to buy this product from one source.That is called a monopoly and you pay what that monopoly is allowed to charge.
What a brilliant column! This woman should run for office - again!
BECAUSE of the limited risk pools, (gender not considered, age varies only by factor of 3) and no caps, the healthy will subsidize the sick. A young male will pay way above his risk for insurance or pay the governmnet a fine. This is policy that says we owe the cost of insuring one citizen rather than our own risk. Whether that is good news or bad news is up to your own opinion.
If you're going to comment in the newspaper you ought to get your facts straight. First, there are no skyrocketing profits in Minnesota - all health insurance is provided in Minnesota by non-profit HMOs. Second, the Affordable Care Act does not stipulate that each state develop an exchange (the Federal government would do it at no cost to the state, and with a better grasp of what the legal requirements are for an exchange). Third, the legislative oversight of the exchanges will be minimal under the current state legislation - the legislature hasn't even given the exchange a budget for the cost of developing the exchange. Finally, small businesses with fewer than 50 employees are not going to be mandated to provide insurance. Apparently this commentary represents the views only of businesses with between 50 and 100 employees - not a very big part of our labor force.
I am a small business owner with four employees and fully support the view point of this article. We need a strong exchange that will offer competitive rates. The status quo is not cost effective. If anyone thinks that our "nonprofit" health providers are cost effective should read the ISSUE of TIME MAGAZINE about Health care. Small business owners like myself pay as much as 20 % of our income in Health insurance premiums and cannot afford to provide coverage to our employees. And the Chamber and the NFIB are lobbying against the true interests of small business owners like me. This is malpractice at best and almost criminal. They are using membership dues from small business owners to fight ( lobby) against the small business real interests !! Yes, the insurance industry has been taking advantage of small businesses for too long and only a strong Health Exchange can change this.
Thank you Startribune for printing this point of view and many thanks to the writer.
The truth and reason must prevail over greed and lies.
If the state wants to see lower health insurance costs, then start getting rid of the mandates. Most of these mandates have no bearing on life saving health care. If you need a weekly massage (chiropractor) pay for it out of your own pocket. Same goes for people's weekly whining sessions (counselors), try a tavern, the bar tender will listen for free. We don't need life coaches to tell us to eat less or how to breast feed, every mammal on the planet has figured that out. Insurance shouldn't be there to subsidize your sex life. Many cheaper and safer methods than a pill, and for guys things don't work as well as we age, live with it. Cut the extras out and save health insurance for the real necessities.
alansonMar. 11, 13 8:22 AM
If you're going to comment in the newspaper you ought to get your facts straight. First, there are no skyrocketing profits in Minnesota - all health insurance is provided in Minnesota by non-profit HMOs..... Non profits make an incredible amount of money.
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Minneapolis, MN 55488
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The birth register maintained by the Sanpete County Clerk from 1898-1905 is now available as a book online. These records contain birth registers recorded from 1898 through 1905. Each entry includes an assigned number, sex, color, race, date and place of birth, parent’s names and residence, attending physician , and remarks.
Beginning in 1898, physicians and midwives were required to keep record of each birth for which they assisted. In their absence, the parents were required to complete a report. They then reported quarterly to the county clerk or in the case of incorporated cities, to the local board of health and they would in turn report to the county clerk (Revised Statutes of Utah 1898, Title 57, p. 474-475).
In 1905, the state passed a law requiring each county to file a uniform certificate with the State Bureau of Vital Statistics.
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Accounts of the 'Hearts of Oak' As the European age of empires developed it was inevitable that, as an island state, Britain would develop as a nation of sailors and that in consequence its need for a powerful navy would exceed that of its European neighbours who could potentially expand by land and therefore have a need to defend long land borders. So the 'great age of sail' was epitomised by the Royal Navy. From the time of Drake and the defeat of the Spanish Armada the British navy grew in in both its renown and its efficiency. In the eighteenth century, as the wars with France raged, the Royal Navy's finest commanders became national heroes and gained everlasting fame. By the turn of the nineteenth century the greatest threat to European stability was the rise of Revolutionary, Consulate and Imperial France under Napoleon Bonaparte. This brought about momentous conflicts on both land and sea. It was a period defined by Britain's greatest sailor, Nelson-a commander so revered and capable that no Frenchman was his equal. However, Nelson was no anomaly, the British navy produced a succession of great commanders who were almost his equal. This was a time when British sea power was at its zenith; after the Napoleonic Wars the Royal Navy would not fight another major action until Jutland in the First World War. The author of this book-originally titled The Sailors Who Nelson Led-specialised in Napoleonic history and presented it as a series of interesting vignettes. This book's companion title, Wellington's Soldiers, is also published by Leonaur. Leonaur editions are newly typeset and are not facsimiles; each title is available in softcover and hardback with dustjacket; our hardbacks are cloth bound and feature gold foil lettering on their spines and fabric head and tail bands.
Number Of Pages: 300
Published: 16th April 2012
Dimensions (cm): 21.6 x 14.0 x 1.7
Weight (kg): 0.384
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"Because TARP so blatantly allows the federal government to overstep its bounds and do things that are clearly both unconstitutional and socialist -- namely prop up private business with taxpayers' money -- the TARP vote is rightly considered by many conservatives and libertarians as this generation's litmus test for fiscally conservative principles."
I'm curious as to why the author thinks that TARP is unconstitutional. The spending power of the Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause I of the Constitution has long been held to be plenary. See, for example, the Supreme Court's holdings in United States v. Butler and South Dakota v. Doe. Further, the Commerce Clause, used to justify TARP, has been held by all of the Court over the years to allow for spending to advance an economic policy. Even the more recent cases of United States v. Lopez and United States v. Morrison, which placed some limits on Commerce Clause spending, would allow for such a purely economic basis for government spending.
In response to the above posting, it is worth noting that every living Republican secretary of state, from Henry Kissinger to Condileezza Rice, has urged the Senate to provide advice and consent for this treaty this year, largely because it will empower the United States to counter growing Chinese aggression in the South China Sea.
Concerning the Law of the Sea Treaty, I think it's worth mentioning that EVERY living Republican Secretary of State, from Henry Kissinger to Condoleezza Rice, supports ratification of the treaty. Ronald Reagan tasked one of the great conservative national security lawyers of his generation, John Norton Moore, to negotiate the treaty, and when it was complete, every Republican president has found its terms acceptable. Consider the current situation in the South China Sea. The United States cannot claim that China is in violation of a treaty that we ourselves have not ratified.
The Treaty has been endorsed by national security experts on both sides of the aisle, and is overwhelmingly supported by business interests, as it will provide for more certainty and predictability in maritime dispute resolution. The Law of the Sea Treaty is good policy.
To echo the comments above, I think it's worth noting that in the period between the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the ratification of the Constitution (1789) the United States weathered several rebellions, the Whiskey Rebellion and Shays' Rebellion among them.
I think you would be hard-pressed to find any historical example of a quick, bloodless transition from an authoritarian regime to a representative democracy that didn't involve years of uncertainty, military coups, or regression into authoritarianism before democracy took hold. The author of this editorial might be well-served by more historical perspective.
That being said, the Arab Spring, which the author discounts as as being "absurdly over-hyped," began with an act of self-immolation by a fruit vendor in Tunisia. Today, Tunisia is well on its way to becoming a functional, secular, and representative democracy.
I would tend to agree with the earlier comment. Why would the United States government go out of its way to provoke China, our largest trading partner, and a nation whose cooperation we desperately need in order to combat piracy and coerce North Korea into better behavior? Particularly when there was a face-saving option available. Secretary Clinton and the State Department, despite some missteps, did an admirable job of juggling our goal of advancing human rights with the equally iportant goal of maintaining relations with China. This op-ed seems biased and poorly reasoned.
Concerning our debt, the truth is significantly more nuanced than this author would have us believe. While China does hold substantial amounts of U.S. debt, any leverage they might gain from that is mitigated by the fact that inflating the U.S. currency would devalue their own cash reserves by an equal amount. They would, in effect, be shooting themselves in the foot. The author implies that this debt is the reason for the actions of the State Department. No evidence is offered for this proposition, and with good reason: it simply doesn't make any sense.
I found it interesting that Judge Phillips' language in her decision borrowed very heavily from President Truman's order to racially integrate the Armed Forces. Our nation was engaged in a particularly violent conflict in Korea at the time, in much the same way we are currently engaged, and many of the same arguments against repeal of DADT were made against integration, particularly with regard to readiness and soldiers' ability to work in a racially integrated environment.
President Truman was unconvinced by these arguments, and made a very unpopular choice, but a choice that history has vindicated. I hope that, despite the Obama administration's decision to appeal the injunction, we will soon see a final end to this discriminatory policy. As a veteran, I can tell you that while certain servicemembers will certainly not approve of homosexuality, our men and women in uniform will have absolutely no trouble at all executing their mission with homosexuals living openly among them.
A provision of the DREAM Act that I feel doesn't receive enough attention is the pathway to citizenship for immigrants serving in the Armed Forces. Several of the Marines I served with in Iraq entered into our nation illegally, and served with honor and distinction. I feel that our nation owes it to these young men and women to recognize honorable service in the military as a path to citizenship.
I think that a third category should be added to the disccusion.
After examining what is legal, and what is "right," I think that perhaps we should be asking ourselves, "What is best for our national security?"
Perceptions of the United States in the Muslim world have rarely, if ever, been more negative than they are now. Seeing American politicians denouncing the construction of an Islamic community center in lower manhattan (which, incidentally, is neither a mosque nor is it located at Ground Zero) only adds fuel to the flame, further convincing a generation of Muslim youth that the United States persecutes Muslims and that they are not welcome here. It also further isolates the Muslim community here in the United States, at a time when outreach and integration should be our goal.
These negative perceptions by Muslims, both abroad and at home, have a very real impact on our national security. To continually populate their rank and file, extremist organizations need a large population of disillusioned young men and women who feel that the United States thinks of them as the enemy. Make America a place the young Muslims want to move to, make America the "Shining City on a Hill" described by Ronald Reagan, and you begin to rob the extremists of their recruiting base.
That there is clearly anger and resentment directed towards the Muslim world in the United States is clear. What is less clear is whether our leadership can see beyond pandering to the fear and anger in our population and do what is best for our nation: continue to engage the global Muslim community. By sending a message that "of course you can build here, and we welcome you," our leaders can send a more productive message to world's 1 billion Muslims.
While I am certainly concerned about the legal implications of the debate, the idea of what is "Respectful" does not influence me very much. I'm significantly more concerned with what will make Americans safer. The military formally and doctrinally accepted (as demonstrated in the new Army Field Manual on Counterinsurgency) that public opinion is a vitally important part of fighting a counterinsurgency. If you make an analogy to the larger conflict between western interests and the Muslim world, I think it is easy understand the vital importance of convincing the Muslim world that we are not their enemy. We simply cannot bomb or kill our way to safety. The only answer is meaningful outreach and dialogue, which would be facilitated by our leadership accepting the Islamic center in lower Manhattan.
Was the decision by the imam to pursue the development of this center poorly timed and ill-advised? Perhaps. I also feel that is irrelevant. The process has begun, and our leaders must deal with the situation they have, and not one they would prefer. Given the current situation, and the vitriolic debate surrounding it, how better to engage the Muslim community than to welcome their efforts?
To quote form an earlier posting:
"Richard Holbrooke, our current czar for Afghanistan and Pakistan operations, recently asked “How can a man in a cave out-communicate the world’s leading communications society?” This question highlights a very serious capability gap in our national security apparatus: that of strategic communication. When our government talks, either through press release, interviews, or op-eds, the rest of the world listens. And, frankly, the extremists are doing (and have done, particularly during the Bush administration) an excellent job of capitalizing on communication gaffes by public officials, and twisting their words to convince others in the region that the United States is the enemy of them all.
While not using the term "war on terror" may seem like a political play, I assure you that changing our language and its tone has a legitimate and measurable effect on the success of our policies in the middle east and southwest Asia. This administration, for its faults, understands much better than the last that this is a battle for hearts and minds. The more we can marginilze the extremists and convince the average muslim that the United States is not out to get them, the easier we make the job for our young men and women in uniform. They will realize the benefits each day as they talk to village elders and young unemployed men in these war-torn countries, who will either be asking them why America hates muslims, or will tell them they appreciate our President visiting Cairo and saying "May the peace of God be upon you" in Arabic. These things have a profound impact on our mission in the middle east, and should not be discounted as politics."
Mr. Ramsey's comments, in this day and age, were (and will continue to be, should he be elected) communicated to the entire world via the internet, and recorded for all time on youtube and other sites. I would ask Mr. Ramsey and all other politicians to consider the very real impact their words have on our troops, who must deal with the reprecussions of such anti-muslim rhetoric.
The legal brief filed in federal court by the United States government can be found here:
The legal argument is extremely straightforward: Immigration policy is a clearly enumerated power of the federal government, and the law is clearly and expressly preempted by the Constitution. Quoting from the complaint:
The Constitution affords the federal government the power to “establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization,” U.S. Const., art. I § 8, cl. 4, and to “regulate Commerce with foreign Nations,” U.S. Const., art. I § 8, cl. 3. Further, the federal government has broad authority to establish the terms and conditions for entry and continued presence in the United States, and to regulate the status of aliens within the boundaries of the United States."
Those who take issue with the federal government's attempt to enforce the Constitution might be better served by spending their energy advocating a Constitutional amendment.
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Psychology News and Research Briefs Tag Archive:
Children Who Witness Violence at Home More Likely To Bully
A study by researchers at the University of Washington and Indiana University published in Pediatrics shows that children who have witnessed violence in the home are more likely to be bullies.
Continue reading Children Who Witness Violence at Home More Likely To Bully
Choice to Share Custody with Abusive Ex-Spouse Influenced by Fear, Finances
A study published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships shows that, rather than choosing a context that would be both safe and the most beneficial to the children, the decision to share custody with an abusive ex-husband is most commonly motiv...
Child Abuse Alters Brain Chemistry
A long-term study on monkeys shows that being raised by an abusive parent may alter brain chemistry in such a way that children are more prone to abusing their own offspring as adults. Emory University researchers studied infant monkeys raised by both abus...
Continue reading Child Abuse Alters Brain Chemistry
PTSD Rates Higher in Women
An review of 290 studies on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) published in the American Psychological Associations Psychological Bulletin shows that women are about twice as likely than men to meet diagnostic criteria for the disorder. Women were not f...
Continue reading PTSD Rates Higher in Women
Child Maltreatment Rates Soar During Military Deployment
War deployments place stress on both soldier parents and civilian spouses left behind. However, it is the children who may suffer the most as they both miss and worry about the deployed parent and are affected by the additional stress put on the family, oft...
Continue reading Child Maltreatment Rates Soar During Military Deployment
Childhood Abuse Linked to Adult Migraines
Physical or sexual abuse experienced in childhood may predispose victims to migraine with depression">depression later in life, shows a study of 949 female migraine sufferers. The research, conducted by Dr. Gretchen Tietjen, a neurologist at the University...
Continue reading Childhood Abuse Linked to Adult Migraines
Does Acknowledging Assault Make Victims Less Vulnerable?
Research has shown that someone who has experienced sexual or physical assault in the past is at a greater risk for victimization in the future.
Continue reading Does Acknowledging Assault Make Victims Less Vulnerable?
Child Neglect Leads to Aggression
Child neglect may have as harmful an impact on development as child abuse, according to a report issued in the current edition of Pediatrics.
Continue reading Child Neglect Leads to Aggression
Witnessing Family Violence As A Child May Lead to Depression, Alcoholism in Adulthood
Witness violence between parents before the age of 18 has been found to have great effects on adult mental health including increased risk of depression, alcoholism and spousal and child abuse.
Gay Population More Likely to Experience Violence, PTSD
Gay and lesbian adults face a greater risk of post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of increased exposure to violence in early life.
Continue reading Gay Population More Likely to Experience Violence, PTSD
Child Abuse Victims At Risk For Arthritis
Victims of physical abuse in childhood show significantly higher rates of a common form of arthritis.
Continue reading Child Abuse Victims At Risk For Arthritis
This is an archive page containing articles from Psychology Briefs, the FindCounseling.com Blog.
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Mastering Entrepreneurship: your single source guide to becoming a master of entrepreneurship
Product Author Bios
Sue Birley lectures at Imperial College London and is a non-executive board member of NatWest.
Daniel Muzyka is Dean of the Department of Commerce and Business Administration at the University of British Columbia, Canada.
Mastering Entrepreneurship appears at a time of unprecedented technological advice and amid an upsurge of entrepreneurial activity around the globe, coming together in the world of the dotcom start-up. It fully captures the mood, explaining and detailing what has, is and will happen in a new section devoted to e-business start-ups. Mastering Entrepreneurship is written for potential entrepreneurs, existing entrepreneurs, investors, advisors, business partners and policy-makers. Covering entrepreneurship in its fullest sense, from starting up to managing growth, from conception creation to capturing value.
3 of 4 people found the following review helpful
Banal - but some useful info.,
This review is from: Mastering Entrepreneurship: your single source guide to becoming a master of entrepreneurship (Paperback)This is a collection of 83 short papers and case studies written mostly by professors at European business schools. They discuss aspects of entrepreneurial opportunities, finance and management, but the chapters read more like articles for an airline magazine than useful business instruction. I found most of the material to be academic, superficial or focused on basic issues. Many of the papers appear to be a rehash of prior works such as The Entrepreneurial Venture by Sahlman, et al. The good news is that the short chapters are an easy scan to glean what valuable information there may be.
There was a good section on e-commerce opportunities, and a few interesting case studies with Amazon.com and Harley Davidson among them.
I would recommend Innovation and Entrepreneurship by Peter Drucker for a good study of the sources of innovation and capitalizing on opportunities, and The Entrepreneurial Mindset by McGrath and MacMillan for a more refreshing book on building new ventures... Read more
Useful single source for course on entrepreneurship,
By A Customer
This review is from: Mastering Entrepreneurship: your single source guide to becoming a master of entrepreneurship (Paperback)I think the other reviewer does a slight disservice to this collection of writings on entrepreneurship. For someone wanting to learn more about the process of becoming an entrepreneur, there are lots of small insights and useful suggestions strewn throughout this collection.
Different readers will bring different backgrounds to the startup process; thus, some of these readings will be more helpful than others, depending who reads them.
This book does make a nice alternative to a standard text on the subject such as Robert Hisrich and Michael Peters at about 1/5 the cost.
Like the other reviewer, I can also recommend the Drucker and the McGrath and Macmillan books, as well as Rhonda Abrams the Successful Business Plan. But when I need a single book of readings on entrepreneurship for an introductory undergrad or MBA class (as opposed to a text, for example), this is a very handy source.
› See both customer reviews...
Table of Contents
- Presentation of opportunities
- Sources of finance
- Structuring finance
- Getting started
- People, families and teams
- Alternative perspectives
- Managing growth
- Early growth
- Long-term growth
- Buying a company
- Entrepreniurship in the organisation
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A program for today's youth. Teen Court is designed to develop respect for authority and the community and to stop potential delinquent behavior in teens. Teen Court capitalizes on positive peer influence.
Teen Court's jury members, attorneys, bailiffs and clerks are all teens. Teen Court is administered by the Sherman Police Department's Youth Mentor Program, whose purpose is to help people help themselves. The Youth Mentor Program is a community action organization coordinated by the police department. It is comprised of adult and teen volunteers acting as mentors and peer mentors to "at-risk" youth and juvenile offenders in the community.
The Teen Court represents an alternative approach to juvenile justice that holds juvenile offenders accountable for a sentence imposed by a jury of their peers. By offering this alternative system, we allow youth who have made poor decisions an opportunity to recognize their mistakes and learn valuable lessons. At the same time, participating youth increase respect for themselves, schools, law enforcement, the community and the legal system. Our biggest goal is to educate youth who make unfavorable decisions to be accountable for their actions in an effort to prevent further involvement in the juvenile justice system.
Teen Court is a voluntary alternative to the juvenile justice system. Participants and their guardians agree to have the matter heard in Teen Court, in lieu of formal prosecution through the Sangamon County State's Attorney Office.
Project R.I.S.E. - Responsibility Increases Student Excellence
Project R.I.S.E. is a substance abuse, anti-violence, character education and life skills curriculum taught in the 5th grade at Sherman Elementary School. R.I.S.E. is a 15 lesson program with the purpose of preparing youth for the future by equipping them with strong character education and life skills.
The curriculum includes teacher graded homework assignments and the classroom instruction of experienced teachers and officers. The student workbook includes vocabulary words, games, puzzles, and other reinforcing activities intended to make learning the information fun.
- Introduction & Course Orientation
- Understanding Violence
- Defining Support Groups
- Pressure & Influences
- Dealing Confidently with Stress
- Anger Management Skills
- Conflict Resolution
- Balancing Rights with Responsibilities
- Drug Awareness
- Positive Alternative Activities
- Leadership & Followership
- Setting Worthy and Achievable Goals
- Course Review
- Evaluation and Assessment Essay
- Graduation Ceremony
S.A.V.E. - Students Against Violence Everywhere
S.A.V.E. is a student-initiated program that promotes nonviolence within schools and communities. The Williamsville High School chapter became active in 2003 with the permission of the school administration. Advisors are selected to represent teachers, parents and the school resource officer. Students are selected to serve as board officers. Members attend prevention workshops like the Illinois Drug Education & Alliance Convention. Service projects selected by the S.A.V.E. chapter include decorating local schools and handing out safety pamphlets on National S.A.V.E. Day and during Red Ribbon Week. Chapter fundraisers have involved donut sales and hosting a teen dance after a high school football game. Students get involved in numerous prevention activities and community service projects. The chapter provides a positive group environment for the students.
Choices & Consequences
Choices & Consequences is a series of lesson plans which focus on the adolescents coming to an understanding of the risks associated with aggressive, anti-social and criminal behavior. This course of instruction is an interactive and facilitated class providing the teen the opportunity to come to positive conclusions on their own, that decisions they make today can result in life changing consequences.
Each lesson features actual courtroom cases involving teenagers who have engaged in criminal and aggressive behavior. The videos are of footage of the actual courtroom testimony. The videos also feature interviews and perspectives of witnesses, friends and family members. This portion of the videos is very emotional and hard hitting.
This course of instruction is offered in the Driver's Education Classes and Life Skills Classes. The age of the students range from 14 to 16 years old. In the future, we would like to extend this to the freshman health classes and possibly in the middle school.
Youth Mentor Program
The Sherman Police Department Youth Mentor/Peer Mediation Program is community-based and supervised by a Youth Services Officer. The primary goal of the program is to assess and match each youth with an adult and peer mentor in their community in an effort to develop a sustaining and nurturing relationship. This also expands career or academic options, and aids in eliminating barriers to safe and productive lives.
Effective communications and positive reinforcement provide youth with necessary support to sustain their new found skills and perspectives. Mentoring involves a one-on-one relationship between a youth and their mentors, over a period of time during which consistent support and guidance is provided. This support is increasingly important, especially when the youth goes through a difficult and challenging situation or period of life.
The goal of the program is to aid the youth in attaining and maintaining the skills and confidence needed to become a responsible young adult. This culminates in the youth's desire and ability to succeed in educational and employment opportunities. Mentoring is also community-building on the part of the mentor. It is a process of sharing personal knowledge, experience and skills with a less experienced youth. It requires believing in and caring about young people.
Participation in the Youth Mentor Program is voluntary. Participants and their guardians agree to program requirements prior to enrollment. This program accepts youth, ages 10 to 17 years of age.
If you are an adult over the age of 21 and would like to be a mentor then contact the Sherman Police Department at 496-3256. Get involved! Volunteer! Help mold and guide the youth of our community.
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Last week we reported the good news that high school graduation rates are continuing their ascent. But what does that diploma mean? CPE’s latest report, written in collaboration with Change the Equation, finds that in a lot of Common Core-adopting states, high school graduation won’t necessarily mean students have met the new standards. The report, Out of Sync, argues that all states and districts should re-examine their graduation requirements to make sure they align with their standards. While our analysis was an on-the-surface look, we hope this leads to a deeper conversation about the implications of having a mismatch between what students should know, as envisioned by the Common Core standards, and what they are actually being taught. Be part of the dialogue by joining us at 1 pm EST next Tuesday, June 18, for a Twitter chat. Follow NSBA’s Twitter handle @NSBAComm and use the hashtag #CCSSGradReq to participate. Where are you on the map?
June 13, 2013
May 30, 2013
The Smarter Balanced assessment consortium just released practice tests for their new assessments aligned to the common core state standards. The tests are computer adaptive and the items were field-tested during the early pilot stage. Smarter Balanced in one of two multi-state consortia developing common core assessments with support from the U.S. Department of Education.
(Brilliant choice of a name, by the way. They can always lay claim to being the Smarter consortium.)
If you live in one of the 28 Smarter states (see what I mean!), or even if yours is one of the 46 states that has adopted the common core standards, the practice tests are a really good way to see what the common core is about and the kind of skills students will need to demonstrate. Smarter provides easy log in instructions here. Enjoy your test drive!
April 26, 2013
Educators in 46 states and DC are deep in the process of implementing new “common core” standards into their classrooms. But an emerging anti-core backlash may render their efforts moot in several states.
For readers who may not know, the common core state standards are intended to define the knowledge and skills in English language arts (ELA) and math that high school graduates will need for success in college and 21st century jobs. The standards were drafted by associations representing the nation’s governors and state education chiefs through a process involving experts and stakeholders and included a two-part public review. They have been endorsed by business leaders , teachers unions and a bipartisan array of policymakers including President Obama and Jeb Bush. Within two years of their finalization, they were voluntarily adopted by all but four states.
Despite their high-profile supporters, not everyone is feeling the common core love and a handful of early adopting states are experiencing second thoughts. Some critics, like Samuel Goldman writing in the American Conservative, challenge the whole idea of national academic standards, voluntary or otherwise, as an erosion of federalism. Others, like education historian Diane Ravitch, question the wisdom of widespread investment in “untested” standards, especially when attached to real consequences for students, teachers and schools.
These are legitimate debates for us to have. Indeed, something this central to public education demands it. School districts also have real worries about meeting the timeline — the standards are due to be tested in 2014-15 — and getting all of the necessary pieces in place so students will be ready. Make no mistake. This is a huge undertaking involving every moving part of the education system.
Still others challenge whether the new common core standards are worthwhile targets for students. Unfortunately, this backlash is being fueled by some critics’ misreading of the standards, some unknowns, and more than a few whoppers.
What follows is my attempt to clarify what is true, untrue and ambiguous regarding some of the claims made about the standards themselves so we can focus on the conversation that we need to have about their appropriate role in a national education agenda:
- Not true: “The common core standards are dumbed down.” My first reaction to this charge is that whoever believes this has not looked at current standards in many states. The conservative-leaning Fordham Foundation did just that. Comparing all state standards to the common core, the authors determined that the core are “clearly superior” to 39 states’ math standards and to 37 states in ELA. Three states had “superior” ELA standards to the core. Everything else was about the same.
- Not true with a caveat: “Classic literature will be crowded out.” A classic misreading of the ELA standards prompted by a common core recommendation that reading at the high school level should be 30 percent literary and 70 percent informational. On the surface that looks like a dramatic shift. But only if one assumes that all of the reading would happen in the English classroom. In fact, a distinguishing characteristic of the common core — one I applaud — is that the ELA standards define specific benchmarks for reading and writing in Social Studies, Science and technical subjects. There’s a good reason for this: American students perform well internationally when it comes to reading literature, but their performance falls when reading for information. But this also means that teachers of those other subjects should be responsible for those particular standards. And that’s the caveat: English teachers have every right to complain if they have to shoulder the full reading burden. At the same time, their colleagues in other subjects were not prepared to teach reading and writing in their subject area and will require some coaching and support.
As to the claim that great literary works will be de-emphasized or not taught at all , I refer readers to the recommended reading in the common core: Shakespeare, Twain, Longfellow, Ovid, Lincoln, Frederick Douglas, Yeats, Neruda … you get the idea.
- True. “The common core does not require cursive writing.” Not true. “Schools cannot teach cursive writing.” This one is just silly, and I suspect it was a slow news day when this rumor got started. Just because something is not specifically addressed in the standards does not mean it is prohibited from being taught.
- Not true: “8th graders will no longer be able to take Algebra 1.” See “cursive writing.” Nothing precludes districts from offering Algebra 1 to 8th graders. The core authors even provide a way to organize a “compacted” middle school math program for students who are ready for high-level math in 8th grade.
- True: “The common core are internationally benchmarked.” William H. Schmidt, the nation’s foremost expert in international math performance, found that the common core-math standards are comparable to the highest-achieving nations. He further found that “most states have a long way to go” to equal them.
- The jury is still out. “The common core will make every graduate college and career-ready.” Twenty years of research shows that all young people need a high school experience that prepares them for both post-secondary education and good jobs. The common core standards seem to provide a good map for getting there. Whether or not we succeed, however, depends on whether schools can retool effectively, especially given the short deadline and tight budgets. It will require new curriculum and instructional materials; more robust assessments and technology to support them; professional development for teachers and administrators. It will not just involve school districts, but state departments of education, higher education and early education, too. It demands considerable resources to carry out.
Lastly, success will require good communication with parents, teachers and the wider community. Schools will need their support to make change happen, something they’re not likely to get if the information the public gets is wrong.
This article first appeared in the Huffington Post.
April 23, 2013
The short answer: no and maybe.
Now to the long answer.
As a new teacher, one of the first concepts you learn is “scaffolding.” Like the scaffolds beside a building, scaffolding in teaching is about building a supportive structure piece by piece so a student can get somewhere he or she couldn’t get by themselves. A teacher might model with a “think aloud” of how to read for tone or teach symbolism with an easy text as a scaffold for analyzing symbolism in a more difficult text. However, with a scaffold, a teacher doesn’t let the student off the hook, settling on an easier task the student can easily accomplish. The student also isn’t just thrown into the deep end, urged to master a complex skill with no support. The student is supported until he or she achieves a challenging goal independently.
It struck me that just like teachers have to scaffold for students, we might think about scaffolding districts’ implementation of the Common Core and the bevy of high stakes tests that accompany the new standards. Just this month, students in New York City public schools took their first round of Common Core aligned exams, and the results were not pretty . Teachers, parents, students, and principals reported the test elicited a number of responses, from humorous, to ludicrous, to heartbreaking:
- A child waking up from a nightmare where he was murmuring about bubbling in an exam
- Weekend and after school test prep classes
- Teachers teaching students yoga to help students relax during testing
- Pep rallies to encourage students before exams
- Rampant student stress and anxiety
- Students crying at the end of the exams
In response, many have begun to question adoption of the Common Core, period. Several parents have even decided to opt their children out of testing all together. To some degree, one can certainly understand their frustration.
Common Core implementation (which is soon to be met in many places with rigorous exams aligned with the more rigorous standards which are tied to high-stakes decisions like a teacher’s employment) is coming at an exceptionally fast pace. Right before the start of the 2010-2011 school year, many states decided to adopt the Common Core. However, after adoption, states had to coordinate their own roll out of the standards, and districts likewise had to process and design approaches to the new standards. In the midst of all of this, classroom teachers had to learn a new curriculum and rewrite their own curriculums, learning and mastering new ways to teach in response to the Core. For teachers in New York, (assuming the most generous timeline where time for realigning the curriculum was given to teachers immediately upon state adoption) teachers would have had a maximum of two years before being held to high stakes tests aligned to the Core. For anyone whose ever written the curriculum for a course within the time constraints of a public school teacher’s job, you know this is not enough.
In fact, that’s exactly the argument that’s been coming out of New York. New York Times journalist, Kyle Spencer characterized the rapid pace of adoption in New York:
The standards are so new that many New York schools have yet to fully adopt new curriculums—including reading material, lesson plans, and exercises—to match. And the textbook industry had not completely caught up either. State and city officials have urged teachers over the last year to begin working in some elements of new curriculums, and have offered lesson plans and tutorials on official Web sites. But they acknowledge that scores will most likely fall from last year’s levels.
There’s a frenetic, sink or swim approach to implementing these reforms, and in that rush, policy makers are risking losing the Core altogether as backlash builds.
However, while the frustration of parents, students, and school faculty is valid, the answer is not to completely get rid of the Common Core. The Common Core is a step forward in making schools locations of critical thought. Consider some of the criticism of the Common Core coming from the New York area. After taking a Common Core aligned test, a sixth grade student noted that, “When they ask, ‘What’s the main idea?’ and you have to put it in your own words, it’s a lot harder.” Another student felt like she didn’t have enough time to fully complete her written essay on the exam. Both of these tasks ask students to do things that we as a society want citizens to do, read something, comprehend it, and then respond with one’s own ideas. After all, isn’t this the heart of a democracy—being able to understand ideas and express your own? Of course, this would certainly be less difficult for students if they weren’t asked to write, and instead only had to fill in multiple choice bubbles based on easier readings. However, is reverting back to these easier tasks really the answer?
Though getting rid of the Common Core isn’t the answer, districts and teachers (just like students learning new, complex concepts) do need scaffolds to transform classroom instruction to align with the Common Core. Modeling a skilled teacher, policy makers could and should give teachers and schools support and time as they learn to raise instruction to the level of rigor the Core demands, delaying implementation or offering the tests first as low-stakes assessments so teachers can learn from them. After all, a teacher doesn’t merely tell a student, “balance this chemical equation or else.” The teacher also doesn’t let the student simply not balance the equation, but instead a great teacher gives supports and time for the student as he or she learns to balance the equations independently.
In our debates about the Common Core, let’s parse through what part of the policy we really disagree with. Is asking our students to think, read, and write more the problem, or is it the rapid, breakneck speed by which the Core has been implemented? I think for many of us it’s the latter rather than the former. The good news is that thoughtful policy makers can craft solutions to create scaffolds for Common Core implementation, such as making the first two years of testing low stakes instead of high stakes, giving teachers more time to work collaboratively to rewrite the school’s curriculum, or lowering the percentage of teacher evaluations based on test scores as teachers get to know the standards more. Hopefully what we won’t do, though, is throw the baby out with the bathwater by getting rid of the Common Core altogether. -Allison Gulamhussein
March 29, 2013
The Carnegie Corporation has given us a new phrase to describe the biggest challenge facing high schools as they move to implement the Common Core and Next Generation Science standards. We already know that by aiming to make every student a college-career ready high school grad, states and school districts will need to ratchet up their definition of proficiency. We also know that many students enter high school far behind proficient in its current form. Carnegie analysts Leah Hamilton and Anne Mackinnon put it succinctly:
“Schools will need to do two things simultaneously: accelerate all students’ learning to reach high levels and use recuperative strategies to help underprepared students catch up.”
Hence, “acceleration and recuperation.”
Carnegie addresses the scope of this challenge in its report, Opportunity by Design: New High School Models for Student Success. Thankfully, the title gives us some reason to believe it can be met. Otherwise, it would be a depressing slog through a really spot on analysis of the results we should expect with the new standards if we maintained business as usual.
Take graduation rates. Currently, about 75 percent of high school students graduate within four years, a rate that increases to 85 percent at six years. The Carnegie analysts project that if new standards are implemented without any new supports for high school students, we can expect the four year rate to drop to 53 percent and 70 percent — lower than our current on-time rate — at six years.
The balance of the report addresses the “acceleration and recuperation” strategies that need to be put into place, and show that schools need to go large to have an impact. Human capital, of course, is vitally important as we have written often on this site. However, the report argues that investments in teachers will only get us so far. The authors calculated the effect of providing students with highly effective math teachers for their four years of high school. Highly effective was defined as teachers who advance student learning 1.25 grade levels in a year, or 25 percent more than expected growth. They estimated that this alone could increase common core proficient rates from 34 percent to 43 percent — impressive but obviously not sufficient.
They further examined the aggregate effect of higher-level curriculum, extra time and technology. When combined with investments in teachers, principals and counselors, we begin to see the elements of a successful high school design, one that can meet the acceleration and recuperation challenge. A big task, to be sure, but one that needs to be done and can be done with enough resources, committed leadership and community support.
Older Posts »
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Poincare Waves and Kelvin Waves in a Circular Lake
When wind blows over a stratified lake an interface tilt is often generated, and internal waves usually appear after the wind stops. Internal waves in lakes are studied in many literatures, but most assume a hydrostatic pressure balance. In this thesis we discuss the internal Poincare waves and Kelvin waves in a rotating, continuously stratified, flat-bottom, circular lake with fully nonlinear and non-hydrostatic effects. An analytical solution is derived for the linearized system and it provides initial conditions used in the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm). This model is chosen due to its non-hydrostatic capability. Both Poincare waves and Kelvin waves are considered. The analytical solution of the linear system is verified numerically when the wave amplitude is small. As the wave amplitude increases the waves become more nonlinear. Poincare waves steepen and generate solitary-like waves with shorter wavelengths, but most of the energy contained in these waves is transferred back and forth between the parent wave and the solitary-like waves. Kelvin waves, on the other hand, steepen and lose their energy to solitary-like waves. The appearance of the solitary-like waves is not absolutely clear and higher resolution is required to clear up the details of this process. This conclusion agrees with de la Fuente et al (2008) who discussed the internal waves in a two-layer model. Moreover, in the Kelvin waves case, unexpected small waves are generated at the side boundaries and travel inwards. The wave amplitude and wavelength of these spurious waves become smaller as the horizontal resolution increases. One possible reason to explain these waves is the use of square grids to approximate the circular lake.
School:University of Waterloo
School Location:Canada - Ontario
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:poincare waves kelvin internal lake model mitgcm applied mathematics
Date of Publication:01/01/2009
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Since I tried to use podcasting in an after school club called Brad FM at a local school, I’ve been looking out for teachers who are using blogs and podcasts. It hasn’t been easy but I recently found Brett simplying by by typing “education” into iTunes. He hasn’t actually named his podcast yet but the blog is called EDTech OZ.
I’m sure there are hundreds of of teachers out there that are using blogs and podcasts, but this is the first I’ve mananged to find. Here you can follow his experiment. podcast 7 is a good place to start. Its a primary class – Year 7 and they are trying to produce an audio show.
- Brett is the editor in chief of the whole show. They have shared out the various roles of presenters, audio engineers, researchers, copy editors etc.
- The students perceive that other students throughout the school will hear their work – so they think of it more as a school play or a performance rather than a class room exercise
- Because of the audience aspect they are much more critical in their choice of language. They gone beyond simply copying plagerised material off wikipedia and started re-writing
Aged 12 these kids are quite a couple of years younger than my BradFM crew, so its natural that they have more structure. But listening to this podcast, I realise now that perhaps I was being over ambitious in trying to get my 14 year olds to completely write, produce, perform and engineer their own shows. Still, that is the nature of the podcasting medium: anyone has a voice. I am looking forward to listening to episodes 8 & 9 of Brett’s show to see what they produce. Will it be too scripted and feel stilted? Whatever the outcome, this is where its happening. This is where real study and research is taking place – in the classroom. Go Brett!
Brett’s class are also using a Class Blog to talk about imigration issues raised by their reading the book “Boy Overboard” by Morris Gleitzmen
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Articles in the Denver Post and Boulder Weekly over the last two weeks have covered an increased use in alcohol, heroin use and driving while under the influence of marijuana. A number of other articles have lamented the untimely death of 27 year old Amy Winehouse. In each case, we have heard this story before. There may therefore be a tendency to ignore or glaze over the information. However, it remains an important reminder of a trend that is not going away. Rather, numbers show that deaths in Boulder County from heroin have increased along with figures for the state of Colorado that show an increase in drug, alcohol and mental health disorders according to The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Reading these articles with dry statistics or mourning the death of a singer from London may appear to be far from one’s awareness. However, if you know someone who suffers from addiction or if you are struggling yourself, then the issue takes on a more urgent meaning.
Although it is commonly believed that an addict needs to bottom out before seeking help, there is another point of view that would encourage anyone dealing with this problem to seek help before one gets to that point. It may not be easy for anyone to change behavior that has become a habit. However, those who have recovered “one day at a time,” will recount the journey of their renewal which includes the work that it took to turn things around.
Caroline Knapp, defined appetites in her book of the same name on page 13 as “the things we take in, the activities we engage in when we feel empty or restless or wanting, and the substances and behaviors that we imagine will make us feel full, satisfied, complete.” She knows a lot about appetites having recovered from both anorexia and alcoholism, which she wrote about in a couple of memoirs including the best selling Drinking: A Love Story.
Whether one recovers the way Caroline Knapp did in a residential followed by a 12-step program, or if one finds another avenue of recovery, assistance is available in the form of support groups, therapists, treatment centers, exercise, nutritional programs or spiritual pursuits. The problem of substance abuse is holistic and therefore its solution needs to address the complete person, physically, emotionally, psychologically, and spiritually.
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John Hucklebridge (Doc)? Huett
Born East Brent 1820.
Son of John and Eleanor Huett (nee) Hucklebridge.
Died Tasmania 1905
At various times, Physician, Publican, Mail coach proprietor, farmer, landowner......!
BIOGRAPHY: JOHN HUCKLEBRIDGE HUETT by Sandra Huett.
By all accounts John HUETT was a colourful character with an intriguing and mysterious past.
Born in East Brent Somerset, England, in 1820, he is reputed to have trained as a physician (possibly in Glasgow). For some reason he was disqualified from practising, but the nickname 'Doc' stuck to him throughout his life. (John Huett's grand-daughter, Alice Turnbull [nee Viney] recalls that he drank to excess, and also cites a tradition that his medical qualifications were lost in transit from the U.K.)!
John HUETT married Agnes Skinner and they appear to have emigrated to Tasmania in the early 1850's. The couple settled on the land at or near Westbury, and produced four children before Agnes' death (from tuberculosis) in September 1862. (She was 33 years old).
John HUETT wasted little time finding a second mother for his young family; he married Sarah Ann Atwell at Deloraine in December 1862, and between 1867 and 1884, the couple produced another 8 children: Albert,John, Jesse, Alice, Arthur, Frank, James, George and David.
(By the time David was born in 1884, his father was well into his 60's). Alice Jane Huett (b. Deloraine, 16 May 1874) married Thomas Viney, 28, at Deloraine, July 25 1894, produced 7 children, and died at Launceston, March 3 1908 (aged 33). [Alice and William Viney's elder daughter, Alice Victoria, was born in 1902, and married Stanley Turnbull].
With his marriage to Sarah Atwell (also born in Somerset, c 1844), JohnHUETT settled in the Deloraine area and stayed there the rest of his life. His house at Elizabeth Town has been classified by the National Trust. HUETT is probably best remembered as the founder and proprietor of Huett's Coaches, which carried passengers and mail between Deloraine and Torquay (or, according to his grand-daughter, between Elizabeth Town and Burnie) prior to the establishment of the north-west rail links. James Fenton once described the less than glamorous coach-travel of that time:
"Even so late as the year 1879 the road to Deloraine was a dangerous bog in some places. In the spring of that year I was travelling in Hewett's [sic] coach with Mr. Braddon..... when in one spot, where a stump had been grubbed, one of the horses disappeared, all but his head and shoulders. We had all to lend a hand to extricate the poor animal.
The road being a sea of slush, not only there but for miles father, the condition of the coach, horses, driver, and passengers when we arrived at Latrobe can be more easily imagined than described".
On another occasion, and apparently drunk HUETT turned his coach over. He acquired the 'Stone House' on the Deloraine - Latrobe road at Virginstow, for use as an inn and changing place for horses. (The building, which was demolished many years ago, was reputed to be haunted).
John HUETT died at Whitefoord Hills, 5th November 1905. Many of his descendants still live in and around Deloraine, and interestingly, a recent retail development in the town is called Hucklebridge Court.
Dr.Malcolm J. Turnbull
51 Gilles Street
Sent to me by Kevin Callahan 5/7/2003
BIOGRAPHY: Extracts from a letter from Mrs Maureen Bennett, "Rubicon", ElizabethTown RSD 180, TAS 7304, dated 8 May 1986.
Maureen's husband and his brother owned both "Harbourne" and "Eddington"at the time.
" I am not sure of the year in which John Hucklebridge Huett came to Elizabeth Town but it was in the sixties. His original pub was on the original road which is to the east of the present one. I haven't had time to visit the site of this original pub but it was in the clump of trees on the east of the highway. We are not sure when he built the present house but that was also an inn. In 1870 the Valuation Roll for Mar 1 claims he was renting 174 acres and a public house from Samuel Henry and that it was called Eddington. Samuel Henry's original grant of 630 acres took in the 500 acres of the present Harbourne and 130 acres of Eddington. William Dawson Grubb had 320 acres of the rest of Eddington.
By 1886 John Huett owned and occupied 535 acres of Harbourne and the pub. He also owned the farm of Eddington 247 1/4 acres and leased it to George Burgess. He also had another block at Elizabeth Town that was probably bush of 30 acres. Perhaps things went wrong for John Huett because he must have sold all but the 30 acres to James Bennett - perhaps he held the mortgage, as he was very wealthy. In 1901 he still leased 600 acres of Harbourne from James Bennett's estate. Michael's (my husband's) grandfather went to live on Eddington not long after this and the family have farmed it ever since. We bought Harbourne two years ago. The Huett's in Deloraine would know something of the family's history. I know the Skirvings bought Harbourne eventually and then Moores bought it from them."
. "All this information comes from the Hobart Town Gazettes which were and still are published every year. They contained before 1950 complete lists called Valuation or Assessment Rolls of where people owned and/or occupied land. They have a complete set in the Launceston library.
.The information I have given you is from copies I have made of the years I have quoted but you can check through the sixties to find out when both* men came into the district. Neither seems to have been here in 1858 the first year these rolls were done."
* Other parts of this letter referred to John Atwell.
BIOGRAPHY: John Hucklebridge HUETT - information from a conversation with Aisla VAUGHAN, nee VINEY, his grandaughter, 9 June 1984
John H Huett's home, "Harbourne" near Elizabeth Town is still standing. The large stand of elm? trees beside it were planted by great grandfather Huett from seeds he brought with him from England on the ship.
He trained as a doctor in Somerset, but did not practice in Tasmania because he 'hated' it. He preferred to be working with horses. 'He was a very clever man.' If someone needed a tooth pulling, or needed stitching up they often sought his help, but he never practiced medicine officially here.
DEATH: "The Advocate-Times", 6 Nov 1905, Page 2, Col 2
Received from Frances Travers, researcher, in letter dated 11 July 1986.Photographic copy included.
"HUEITT. - On November 5, at his late residence, Whitefoord Hills, John Hucklebridge Huett, native of Somersetshire, England, in his 86th year.Home papers please copy."
DEATH: Obituary: "The Advocate-Times", 6 Nov 1905, Page 2, Col 4
Received from Frances Travers, researcher, in letter dated 11 July 1986. Photographic copy included.
"DEATH OF MR J. H. HUETT.
Our obituary columns notify the death of a well-known coastal identity,Mr J. H. Huett, who came to Tasmania from England in 1851, and as the contractor for 10 years for the mail service between Deloraine and TableCape he will be well remembered by many old residents. He had been ill for some considerable time, and being in his eighty-sixth year the end,which came yesterday morning, was not unexpected. He leaves a family of nine sons, of whom three are married, and five daughters, who are all married. They are Mrs William Holyman, sen., and Mrs W. Stroud, of East Devonport, Mrs Woodberry, of Ulverstone, Mrs Viney, of Whitefoord Hills,and Mrs Walsh, Elizabethtown. The funeral takes place at Deloraine on Wednesday afternoon."
Sandra Huett. Australia.
Quite a character!
My grateful thanks to
Sandra Huett Australia for the following information.
|Thomas C Champion|
|John H Huett|
|Edwards Fam. Tree.|
|William's letters home|
|Edwards Letters Home|
|Shops & Tradesmen|
|Rooksbridge baptist chapel|
|Cheddar Valley Dairy|
|A day at the dairy|
|Cheddar valley Dairy|
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WASHINGTON — Applications for U.S. unemployment benefits dropped 9,000 to a seasonally adjusted 363,000 last week, a level consistent with modest hiring.
The report comes just before Friday's October jobs data, the last broad snapshot of the economy before the presidential election Tuesday. The still-weak job market has been a top issue for voters.
The Labor Department said today that the four-week average of applications for unemployment aid, a less volatile gauge, declined to 367,250. The average has been around that level for three months.
A department spokesman said Superstorm Sandy had no direct effect on the number of applicants. The report covered the week ending Oct. 27, before the storm reached shore.
But the devastation and economic disruptions that the storm caused this week will likely increase applications for unemployment aid in coming weeks. Workers who have been temporarily laid off because of the storm are expected to seek benefits.
In some states, though, applications might decline if unemployment offices are closed or laid-off workers are unable to request benefits.
Weekly applications have fluctuated between 360,000 and 390,000 since January. During that time, employers have added an average of about 150,000 jobs a month. The unemployment rate has declined from 8.3 percent in January to 7.8 percent in September.
But few expect unemployment to drop sharply in the months ahead, given the still-modest pace of hiring.
“We continue to see employment growth making little progress,” Bricklin Dwyer, an economist at BNP Paribas, said in a note to clients.
The total number of people seeking unemployment benefits rose to just over 5 million in the week that ended Oct. 13, the latest period for which figures are available. That's up slightly from 4.9 million in the previous week.
The economy picked up slightly this summer after a sluggish spring. Growth rose to a 2 percent annual rate in the July-September quarter, up from 1.3 percent in the April-June quarter. Consumers and the federal government spent more, and the housing market contributed to growth for the sixth straight quarter.
Still, the economy is growing too slowly to rapidly bring relief to roughly 12 million out-of-work Americans. With the unemployment rate still high, steady growth of more than 3 percent is generally needed to create a sufficient number of jobs.
When the unemployment rate fell to 7.8 percent in September, it was the first time the rate had fallen below 8 percent since January, 2009, President Obama's first month in office.
The rate fell in September because a government survey of households found a huge increase in the number of people who had jobs. Still, a jump in part-time employment accounted for most of the gain.
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The jewel and the symbol of the Czech Paradise
The picturesque area called The Czech Paradise is dominated by the remarkable ruin of Trosky Castle. The castle was built on a volcanic basalt rock reaching the height of 488 meters above the sea level. The castle has two towers, the eastern one is called The Virgin and the western one The Crone.
The castle was founded by the knight Cenek of Vartenberg at the end of the 14th century as a beautiful and impregnable residence. After Cenek's death the castle became the property of the king Wenceslas IV, who later sold it to Otta of Bergov. In 1438 the castle fell in the hands of robber barons Sof of Helfenburg and Svejkar. For three years the castle was vainly besieged by the army of the land, sent against those brigands. The tale says that the defenders were supplied by a secret tunnel under the castle. After the robber barons left, the castle several times changed the owner and by the end of the Thirty-year War burnt up. In 1820 the Wallensteins sold the castle to the count Alpis Lexa of Ahrental. This by romanticism influenced gentleman intended to build an outlook in the tower of Virgin and started with the erection of towering staircase. When it reached in 1841 the crest of the tower, the count died and the work ceased. The observation platform offers a grand view not only of the Czech Paradise area, but also of more distant mountain ranges, even of Prague landmarks.
At present the castle in the property of the Czech state is under restoration. The castle and the observation platform are open to public.
The Czech Paradise
The landscape of the Czech Paradise is renowned for its variety, offering also various recreations.
The scenic landscape dominated by castles and ruins with lots of beautiful forrests, rock formations and natural bathing places offers ideal conditions for hikers and bikers . Other activities - tennis, golf, horse riding, fishing, cave excursions, air sightseeing - are also available.
|Člen systému BillBoard.cz - reklama na Internetu zdarma|
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Read the feature article in the May 2012 Rotarian Magazine about the Los Altos Rotary AIDS Project's recent HIV/AIDS training workshop in Liberia.
Los Altos Rotary AIDS Project
Founded in 1989, the goal of the Los Altos Rotary AIDS project is to engage Rotarians in the fight against HIV/AIDS through a variety of programs and projects that motivate others to:
Change attitudes and behaviors
• Educate others about HIV / AIDS
Support those afflicted with the disease
Encourage Rotary involvement
Your support will help save lives.
A Project of the Los Altos Rotary Club
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Did You Know?
|Food miles is a term used to describe the distance food travels from the place it is grown or produced to where it is purchased or eaten by the end-user. Typically, our food travels at least some 1500 miles from farm to plate...|
is excited about the start of a Greener 2010
33 months ago
34 months ago
35 months ago
37 months ago
Here is a short listing of the groups that the user has registered in.
danr, Thursday, 24 September 2009 20:41
Global Climate Week (http://www.sealthedeal2009.org/global-climate-week) Global Climate Week is planned to coincide with the United Nations Secretary-General's High Level Summit on Climate Change on 22 September 2009. This important week and the lead-up weekend will be marked by synchronized activities in more than 100 cities to urge world leaders to seal a fair and effective climate agreement at the UN Conference on Climate Change in Copenhagen this December.
danr, Tuesday, 22 September 2009 16:17
Hello - just joined JustLiveGreener
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David A. McAfee
Senior Technical Consultant
The IT Architecture is an organized set of consensus decisions on policies & principles, services & common solutions, standards & guidelines as well as specific vendor products used by IT providers both inside and outside the Information Technology Branch (ITB).
One of the major activities associated with producing an IT Architecture will be the process of achieving such consensus decisions. It is understood that reaching consensus may constrain purchase and design options, hopefully in the interest of enhancing interoperability. It is a given that the greater the consensus achieved, the greater the organizational benefits attained.
The IT Architecture is guided by the following objectives, which help make decisions for establishing individual standards:
The purpose of the IT Architecture is to guide the process of planning, acquiring, building, modifying, interfacing and deploying IT resources throughout the Department.
As such the IT Architecture should offer a means of stable evolution by identifying technologies that work together to satisfy the needs of the Department users.
A comprehensive view of an IT Architecture specifies (1) policies and (2) principles that indicate direction, and (3) services and common solutions, (4) standards and guidelines, and (5) products that detail the means of implementation (see Figure 1).
The framework for the IT Architecture is that of a cube sliced into five sections or layers from back to front. Each section or layer represents a type of architectural specification from the most general IT policy layer at the back of the cube to the most specific product layer at the front of the cube.
Figure 1 Framework
There are relationships between the various layers. For example, many if not all of the services that institutions provide are guided by the man made policies of the institutions in which the services are provided. An institution like the Department will have documented a number of these policies with information technology implications. Those policies are best implemented if some very basic information technology principles are adhered to. Continuing along the specification spectrum, one of the best ways to insure that IT principles are adhered to, is to reach consensus on a set of standards and guidelines so that the products we buy or build will be architecturally consistent.
A single repository of information regarding the IT Architecture is necessary, so that widely dispersed users of the architecture will have a single place to go for information. This repository must reside on the Department's Intranet. While the IT Architecture is sponsored by the IT Branch, the product is applicable to the entire organization and should be attached outside of Branch organizational lines.
A structure is needed to facilitate architecture development and maintenance. By creating a comprehensive framework of possible subjects, which will:
In the framework each subject may/will be divided into many subsets or cells, all interrelated. Search tools and cross-references will be used to demonstrate these relationships.
At a given point, a subject subset or cell may be in any of several states:
Each subject subset or cell contains a number of items of information, such as the following:
To maximize stability and flexibility, a subject subset or cell should contain an open standard (rather than a proprietary standard or protocol) when a standard exists and when products with reasonable price/performance are available to support that standard. However, in some cases, a vendor or product may be the best way to describe a standard (for example, MS-DOS as a desktop operating system standard). In general, the architecture will describe interfaces between systems rather than the content of particular systems.
Figure 3 Methodology Model (below) shows some of the components necessary for integration into the complete IT Architecture.
Figure 3 Methodology Model
The IT Architecture is a blueprint for how future technology acquisitions
and deployment will take place. It consists of standard, investment
decisions, and product selections for hardware, software and communications.
The IT Architecture is developed first and foremost based on department
direction and business requirements. Additionally, principles
are used rigorously to be sure the IT Architecture is consistent
with the Department's information technology beliefs. The current
(de facto) technical architecture is taken into consideration,
as well as relevant industry and technology trends.
January 20, 1997
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Posted Monday, Jan. 7, 2013, at 2:57 PM
President Obama returns to the White House on Dec. 27 in Washington, D.C., under pressure to forge a year-end deal with Republicans to avoid the tax hikes and spending cuts of the fiscal cliff.
Photo by MANDEL NGAN/AFP/Getty Images
Didn’t we go through this debt ceiling travesty in 2011? And didn’t we swear that the White House would never again do a so-called mega-deal without resolving the debt ceiling as part of it? Here is what I wrote in a Slate column on July 25, 2011: “So why, as a condition for extending the Bush tax cuts … did he not require the Republicans to raise the debt ceiling?” Why are we seeing headlines stating that Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell has already rejected the idea of more taxes, and that the Republicans will only negotiate over cuts? Why are we back to square zero on our fiscal future?
The Republicans have already accomplished most of what they wanted. Government spending as a percentage of GDP has been encumbered by permanent enactment of over 90 percent of the Bush tax cuts. They have long sought a government starved for revenues and a public focusing on the deficit, not the need for investment, and now they have them.
It would have been better to have gone over the fiscal cliff, to have required that a debt ceiling increase be part of the deal, and to have negotiated with the new Congress than to do what the White House has to do now.
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This page will help explain how to calculate the overall grade for BTEC qualifications accredited to the Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF).
If you completed a BTEC accredited to the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), you can find information on how to calculate your overall grade here.
To calculate your BTEC overall grade we:
- Convert all of the grades you received into points score.
- Add together the points you scored for all of the mandatory units and select your best scores from any optional units. Any surplus credits will be listed on your Notification of Performance.
- Compare your total points score to the grade boundaries.
If you have completed two units with similar content we may not be able to use points from both units when calculating your overall grade. You can find more information on 'forbidden combinations' in the specification for your course.
How do I convert my unit grade into a points score?
To convert your unit grade into a points scores you'll need to know:
- the grade you received for the unit (i.e. Pass, Merit or Distinction)
- how many credits the unit is worth
- the number of points each credit is worth at the unit level
At the beginning of every BTEC specification is a table that tells you how many credits each unit is worth and the unit level.
In the example below all of the mandatory units for the Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Certificate in Applied Science are worth 10 credits and are level 3 units.
Towards the end of every BTEC specification (in 'Annexe G') there is a table that tells you how many points you score per credit for the grade you were awarded.
In the example below, at level 3 a Pass is worth 7 points per credit, a Merit is worth 8 points per credit, and a Distinction is worth 9 points per credit.
Therefore, if you were given a Merit for Unit 1, you scored a total of 80 points:
8 points per credit x 10 credits = 80 points.
The overall grade
Once you have calculated your points scores for each unit, you can add the points together and compare your total to the grade boundaries.
Towards the end of every BTEC specification (in ‘Annexe G’) there are also tables that show you the final grade you will receive, depending on the size of the BTEC qualification you took (Certificate, Subsidiary Diploma, Diploma or Extended Diploma) and the total number of points you scored.
The example below shows that you must score between 250-259 points to achieve an overall Distinction grade for a BTEC level 3 Certificate in Applied Science.
BTEC Level 3 Certificate in Applied Science
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In 2003, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) initiated a research effort to develop and test a methodology for estimating congestion delay on Seattle area freeways. The initial phase of the research developed a preliminary methodology for both measuring congestion and assigning that congestion to specific lane blocking incidents. In Phase 2 of this study, that methodology was automated and extended to include an examination of the effects of incidents occurring on the shoulders of the freeway, spillback from incident-caused congestion on one freeway that affects a second freeway that feeds traffic onto the initially congested facility, special events, and weather.
Because funding for this effort was extremely limited, only three corridors (with both directions analyzed independently) and two months of data were analyzed. The project found that the Phase 1 methodology works well in assigning traffic congestion that occurs in the immediate time frame and geographic location of incidents to those incidents. It also showed that this process can be automated, making the data preparation effort now the primary determinant of the cost of additional work of this kind.
Unfortunately, even with the addition of shoulder incidents, special events, and weather to lane blocking events, the automated process is unable to assign a significant proportion of the non-recurring delay occurring on Seattle freeways. The detailed analysis of freeway performance showed that much of the delay caused by specific incidents occurs in places or at times removed from the incident itself. The result is that much of the observed non-recurring delay can not be assigned to specific causes by the current analytical process. New analytical procedures will need to be developed in Phase 3 of this work.
The Phase 2 analysis also confirmed that the congestion effects of specific incidents and other traffic disruptions are highly dependent on the background traffic conditions at the time of the disruption. While the Phase 2 analysis did not produce all of the results desired, the additional analyses showed that the summary statistics output from the Phase 2 software are useful as input to other analytical procedures.
April 14, 2007
Jaime M. Kopf, Jennifer Nee, John M. Ishimaru, Mark E. Hallenbeck.
Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC)
- # of Pages: 23 p., 199 KB (PDF)
- Subject: Freeways, Performance, Special events, Traffic congestion, Traffic delay, Traffic incidents, Weather.
- Keywords: Traffic congestion, freeway performance, congestion causes, Seattle Metropolitan Area.
- Related Publications:
Road Information Systems: Enabling Proactive Maintenance Practices in Washington State, (WA-RD 529.1); Measurement of recurring versus non-recurring congestion, (WA-RD 568.1); Measurement of recurring versus non-recurring congestion (WA-RD 568.2); ARROWS Evaluation, (WA-RD 608.1)
This abstract was last modified January 26, 2009
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By Karina | January 9, 2012
We’ve been enjoying the unseasonably warm weather with some nice weekend hikes lately – we’ve been finding spots of nature and taking advantage of it wherever we can!. This weekend, we went for a ramble through the Palisades Park – and stumbled upon some ruins called “Millionaires Row” which really piqued our interest. One of the Ringling Brothers used to have a summer home! Giant hotel resorts! There were bunches of big mansions all along the cliffs – until they made the park and knocked them all down.
What’s really interesting is the history of the Palisades Park – after large quarries were found destroying the cliffs of the Palisades citizens and regulators banded together to stop them – lead by women’s clubs.
To respond to this threat, the Palisades Interstate Park Commission (PIPC) was formed in 1900 by the New York and New Jersey state legislatures “to provide for the selection, location, appropriation and management of the certain lands along the Palisades of the Hudson River for an interstate park”. The park stretched along the cliffs for 14 miles between Fort Lee, New Jersey and Piermont, New York. The first step in this preservation effort was the acquisition of the Carpenter Brothers trap rock quarry in Fort Lee, New Jersey for $132,500, most of which was donated by J.P. Morgan.
The Palisades were cobbled together through a bunch of (generally rich) conservationists who bought up land and donated it to the Commission:
The unwavering backing of benefactors has been critical in almost every major Park undertaking since then: the first 10,000 acres of today’s Harriman State Park were donated (along with $1 million) by Mary Harriman in 1910; the Palisades Interstate Parkway became possible when the Rockefeller family, in the 1930s, donated key parcels for the project; dozens of citizens’ groups raised the funds necessary to purchase High Tor in 1943; Archer Huntington donated land adjacent to Little Tor the same year; in 1998, the lands that form Sterling Forest State Park were purchased, in part, with funds from private land trusts such as Scenic Hudson and the Open Space Institute; the visitor center at Sterling Forest was completed in 2003 thanks to a generous gift from U.S. Senator Frank R. Lautenberg of New Jersey.
Of course, the Palisades Park was also created, in part, because of the Palisades Interstate Parkway. This highway was designed and built by Robert Moses – who was kind of the highway constructor of rich guys who wanted to get their way by knocking down everything in their path. So as much as the Palisades Interstate Parkway was created with a seed grant of land from John D. Rockefeller (700 acres over a 13 mile stretch of land along the tops of the cliffs) – that was probably acquired through generally acceptable land sales (like this one) — much of the parkway was “paved,” so to speak, with condemnation of properties that people actually didn’t want to turn over. (Like this compelling story of the Elephant house – and this kind of less compelling story of the Riviera. And the families who lived at Cape Fly-Away.)
The Palisades Park is an interesting look into US History – a time when a group of people had kind of the right idea, but then, it was kind of steamrolled through by the “right people,” and if you weren’t with them, you were kicked out. But now we all have access to a beautiful park that celebrates a section of the Hudson River that really shouldn’t be blocked off for the use of those with special access. These days, when issues of eminent domain has been bolstered to support the rights of corporations over the individuals – these questions are still present. So not to be a downer, but how do we watch for this kind of thing? How do we make sure that all of the stakeholders are properly represented, and somehow build consensus to protect land and open access to all?
I got no ideas, but I would love to hear some! Do you have any examples of this in your own area?
[[Photo from flickr user ladymay79 via creative commons license.]]
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Keaton Fox, NBC 5 News
A Kemp's Ridley sea turtle found in the Netherlands, that underwent rehab in Grapevine, finished its journey when it was released in the Gulf of Mexico Friday.
A young, endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle that ended up in Holland was released back into the Gulf of Mexico on Friday.
Flip's journey started in The Hague, Holland, about this time last year. She was found on the shore, injured and dying. The prospects of her survival was dim.
How she got there is still a mystery.
A team of veterinarians took Flip in and started rehabilitation.
A year later, Flip was ready to go back into the wild -- but not without a stop in North Texas first. She made a 5,000 mile, 10-hour trip from Holland to vets at the SEA LIFE Grapevine Aquarium.
Even though the Gulf is hundreds of miles away, vets in Grapevine have continued the treatment -- and got her ready to go back out on her own.
The Animal Rehabilitation Keep in Port Aransas was Flip's last stop in her journey back to the wild.
"It's really incredible, one of those wonderful stories," said Tony Amos, who runs the Animal Rehabilitation Keep.
"She looks great," ARK veterinarian Tim Tristan said. "We did a full physical exam on her. She looks really good. She looks healthy. They did a really good job on the other side of the ocean."
With the help of an international coalition that included specialists from North Texas the member of the endangered species officially has become a Texan.
"People often ask, 'Why do you spend all this time and effort?' But I think it's important that people realize that we need to spend a little time and effort on these wonderful animals and that they're often in danger because of things we as human beings do," Amos said.
Flip was released Friday morning along the beaches near Port Aransas. Scientists placed a GAPS tracking device on her to track her progress.
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Michael HanekeArticle Free Pass
Michael Haneke, (born March 23, 1942, Munich, Germany), Austrian director and screenwriter whose stark and provocative films made him a leading figure in European cinema in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Much of his work examines tendencies toward social alienation and brutality within contemporary middle-class milieus.
Haneke, who was born to a German theatrical director and an Austrian actress, was raised primarily by an aunt in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. In 1967, after studying philosophy, psychology, and drama at the University of Vienna, he found work developing screenplays for a public television station in Baden-Baden, West Germany. Three years later Haneke began directing for the stage, which led to an opportunity to direct small-screen films as well. Ten such productions, nearly all of which he also wrote, aired on German or Austrian television between 1974 and 1997; they range from original stories of late 20th-century life to adaptations of novels by Joseph Roth and Franz Kafka. In particular, the two-part Lemminge (1979; Lemmings), a study of his generation’s coming of age, established Haneke as a rigorous observer of social malaise and dysfunction.
Haneke’s career in cinema began with Der siebente Kontinent (1989; The Seventh Continent), his screenplay for which had been rejected for television. Based on an actual event, the film depicts the tedious routines, and eventually the joint suicide, of a middle-class Viennese family. The first installment in what Haneke would call his emotionalen Vergletscherung (“emotional glaciation”) trilogy, it was followed by Benny’s Video (1992), in which a movie-obsessed teenager commits a murder out of idle curiosity, and 71 Fragmente einer Chronologie des Zufalls (1994; 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance), a fractured mosaic of mundane moments that culminate in an incident of random violence. Although some critics deemed his films mere exercises in nihilism, Haneke considered them attempts to attune viewers to the ways in which the structures of modern bourgeois society inhibit moral empathy and interpersonal communication.
With Funny Games (1997), in which two young men sadistically torture a vacationing family for sport, Haneke offered a scenario evocative of popular horror entertainment. His refusal to leaven the grim narrative with titillating thrills or moments of catharsis, however, signaled a deliberate critique of Hollywood practices. In part through the controversy it provoked, Funny Games expanded Haneke’s international audience. He cast French star Juliette Binoche in Code inconnu (2000; Code Unknown), which episodically traces the fates of several lives that intersect on a multicultural Parisian street corner. Next, Isabelle Huppert evinced a middle-aged woman’s psychosexual frustrations in La Pianiste (2001; The Piano Teacher), which Haneke adapted from a novel by Austrian writer Elfriede Jelinek. Both films attracted substantial praise.
Continuing to work in French, Haneke filmed Le Temps du loup (2003; Time of the Wolf), an elliptical tale of postapocalyptic chaos. He found greater success, though, with Caché (2005; Hidden), in which the mysterious appearance of surveillance videos on a family’s doorstep sets in motion a voyeuristic thriller that doubles as a meditation on postcolonial tensions. The film won three prizes at the Cannes film festival, including one for best director.
In 2007 Haneke, acknowledging that Americans had always been his target audience for Funny Games, released a shot-for-shot English-language remake of the film; however, it failed to make a significant impression at the box office.
Haneke subsequently explored the roots of fascism in Das weisse Band (2009; The White Ribbon), which depicts a series of inscrutable cruelties and mishaps within a northern German village shortly before World War I. The film, shown in austere black and white, captured the Palme d’Or at Cannes and earned Academy Award nominations in the categories of foreign-language film and best cinematography. A second Palme d’Or went to Amour (2012), an uncharacteristically affectionate—though decidedly unsentimental—portrait of an elderly couple facing mortality. It received five Oscar nominations, including those for best picture, best director, and best original screenplay, and it won the award for best foreign-language film.
What made you want to look up "Michael Haneke"? Please share what surprised you most...
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|Product #: EMC4529013_TQ|
A New Neighbor (Resource Book Only) eBookGrade 1
Please Note: This ebook is a digital download, NOT a physical product. After purchase, you will be provided a one time link to download ebooks to your computer. Orders paid by PayPal require up to 8 business hours to verify payment and release electronic media. For immediate downloads, payment with credit card is required.
A story about Peter, who wishes for a new friend who could play ball and build things, and Sam, short for Samantha, who can catch any ball. Includes five follow-up activities to practice grade-level skills in phonemic awareness, phonics (the -ay family), comprehension (answering questions), vocabulary (word meanings), and fluency.
Submit a review
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Originally Posted by HarryT
Latin and Greek texts are of great interest to me, too, as you may have seen from some of my past postings.
Latin is no problem, but for ancient Greek you really need to use a format such as PDF which supports embedded fonts, and embed a suitable font into the document. Unicode supports modern Greek, but not the accents and breathing marks required for ancient Greek.
PDF isn't a good choice of format for anything except replicating paper documents, which is a fine application and very useful but not so much so for e-texts. If you use JSTOR to get your journal fix you know what I mean: they do a really phenomenal job of replicating exactly what you'd get if you had access to the journals in print, but you can't really do anything cool and electronic with them. Reflowing, for instance, is key for electronic distribution, for which reason the "page" as a milestone has to go away.
Many journals, especially in the sciences, use TeX for typesetting, so there's a very easy and rapid path to reflowable text for them.
The Perseus project just made all of their public-domain texts available in XML, which is the academic standard for manipulation of documents. As an interchange format you really don't get much better. The bottom line is that I need to transform these documents via XSLT into something suitable for e-readers, but the Kindle throws up way too many roadblocks.
Most of the big document databases (see a big listing here
) use XML for document interchange for the best of reasons. So what you have here is the e-book world being completely divorced from the academic world, which is probably not a good means for ensuring its long-term survivability.
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“It is He Who has created hearing, sight and hearts for you. What little thanks you show! (Surah Al-Muminun, 78)
How does the golden ratio in the structure of the ear enable perfect hearing? How can we determine the source of the sound in any case?
What is the role of the organ called cochlea in the process of hearing?
While doing research or presenting work; artists, scientists and designers base the ratios of their work on the golden ratio in the human body. When Leonardo Da Vinci and Corbusier were creating their designs, they used the model of the golden ratio that is represented in the human body. Experts studying the structure of the human body from various scientific fields, have found answers to the significant questions mentioned above regarding the structure of the ear.
Recent biological studies have shown that the golden ratio in the human body is not present in physical appearance alone. It has been revealed that the golden ratio is necessary in order to enable the human brain, neural system, sense organs, lung system and DNA to function properly.
The ear is one of the primary organs to exhibit the harmonious efficacy of the golden ratio, in the case in hearing.
One of the first places where this relation is clearly seen is how our ear functions in the process of hearing. However, before moving on to the geometric order in the ear, and in order to see the relation between the golden ratio and hearing, it is important to remember how the hearing process works.
The Perfect Harmony Required in the Hearing System In Order To Enable Hearing
There are two significant points that need attention with regards to the hearing system inside our ears – which is the subject of our article. In order to have the hearing process to take place, it is very important that sound waves in the air are “collected” and then these sound waves have to be transferred to the brain after being converted to neural stimulus.
Therefore, the harmony between the earlap collecting the sound waves in the air and the “cochlea” transferring the vibrations received by the internal ear to the brain has a very significant role in hearing. The most important fact is that research on the system of hearing has shown that both the earlap and the “cochlea” are structures shaped in accordance with the golden ratio.
How Does the Earlap Collect the Sound Waves In the Air?
The border of the adventitia around the earlap, namely “cochlea”, has an incurved shape, which is in fact an equiangular spiral curve made of Fibonacci sequence and as we all know, this particular shape of the ear is exactly the same in all human beings.
So what then is the relation of this geometric order to the function of “collecting” sound waves in the ear?
The equiangular spiral curve of the earlap functions to collect the sound waves due to the fact that the ear is created in the most perfect geometric order. In order to understand the perfect structure here, it would be enough to look at an example like changing the shape of the ear adventitia.
For instance, if we bend our ears forward with our hands, the loudness would be increased despite that the frequency would be the same.
And when we bend our ears backward with our hands, it becomes difficult for us to hear as loudness decreases.
Although there is no change in the sound frequency we receive, our hearing increases or decreases as a result of a distortion in the equiangular spiral shape of the earlap. Since there is a direct relation between our hearing capacity and the shape of our ear, it can be said that there is also a direct relation between the spiral curve that shapes the earlap geometrically in accordance with the Fibonacci sequence and the balance for hearing.
What is happening at the Time of Hearing?
Hearing starts first when the sound waves in the air are collected by the earlap.
These sound vibrations impinge on the eardrum, and the eardrum vibrates the auditory ossicles in the middle ear and thus sound vibrations are transferred into a mechanic vibration.
These mechanic vibrations vibrate the plasma in the structure existing in the middle ear, namely “cochlea”. Consequently, this plasma transforms the vibrations into neural stimulus and brain decodes this stimulus as sound.
The Role of “Cochlea” In the Miracle of Hearing
The other organ that has a significant role in hearing is the “cochlea”. There is a very complex hearing mechanism inside the cochlea. This bony organ that is responsible for transforming sound vibrations into neural stimulus, has very special channels full of plasma and has a constant angled spiral with 73 degrees 43 minute angle. The source of this unique anatomic shape, such as the cochlea, is the golden ratio. There is a relation between the spiral shape of the cochlea and its function. The golden ratio always forms a balance between “function” and the “anatomic shape.” that the fact that the golden ratio is always presentin similar harmonic systems elsewheretells us that it is a miraculous sequence created by Our Lord.
It has been announced in the Holy Quran; “… (such is) the artistry of Allah, Who disposes of all things in perfect order…) (Surah An-Naml, 88)
How Are We Capable of Determining the Source of the Sound?
This question has been answered by the scientific studies in the late 20th century. In 1967, D. W. Batteau showed us that the earlap has a function in determining the source of sound. This role has been explained in the following way:
“The ear, with its antenna like receiver systems on the earlap, determines the direction of the sound that it receives and sends it to the eardrum through the external ear.” (Batteau DW 1967 The role of the pinna in human localization. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1967 Aug 15;168 (11):158-80)
“There have been researches confirming this thesis upon people who have a congenital distortion in their ears or who have a malformation later on. And it has been ascertained that these people experienced problems in determining the source of sound.” (Snow, Jr. James B, “The eEar” In Ballenger JJ, Snow JB Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 15 th edition, syf 879 Williams Wilkins Press 1996)
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Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- A Middle English form of piteous.
“She was "so pitous" that she wept to see a mouse caught, or if one of her little dogs died.”
“She was so charitable and so pitous, and then, as we are waiting to hear of her almsgiving to the poor -- that she would weep over a mouse in a trap, or a beaten puppy, says Chaucer.”
“The Dogs that Blog - Même les pitous peuvent s'exprimer”
‘pitous’ hasn't been added to any lists yet.
Looking for tweets for pitous.
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| 0.920443
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Fixed rate mortgages guarantee a specific rate of interest for a set length of time. Most commonly, this is for between one and five years, though it can be as long as ten or even fifteen years. As a rule, the longer the fixed period, the higher the starting rate of interest. A lender will not want to commit to lending you money at a really low interest rate for ten years when there is a fair chance that during that period the general level of interest rates may rise above the rate at which they are lending you money. The lowest interest rates are often found with deals that are fixed for two to three years.
A mortgage that maintains the same annual percentage rate throughout the full term. Generally the premier option for consumers looking for protection from inflation.
A mortgage in which the interest rate is fixed for an initial temporary period.
The interest rate on this agreement stays the same for as long as you hold your mortgage, no matter how interest rates change in the financial markets. With this type of mortgage, you know exactly how much you will pay in principal and interest on your home each month. (Remember, taxes and insurance on your home may change from year to year.)
Here interest and monthly payment are fixed for the full term of the loan, typically 30 or 15 or 10 years, though other terms are available. The advantage of a fixed-rate loan is that the borrower always know what the cost is for the life of the loan. Fixed-rate mortgages are most attractive when interest rates are low. When interest rates rise, it become more difficult to qualify for a fixed-rate loan because monthly payments are high. The lower the interest rate, the more expensive a home you can afford.
Flexible Mortgage Flying Freehold
The interest rate is fixed for a specified term. If the mortgage is paid prior to maturity of the term, a penalty applies. Some mortgages do not allow for early payout in the first three years except for when there is a bona fide sale. The penalty is usually the greater of three months’ interest or the interest rate differential.
A mortgage in which the interest rate is set for the term of the loan.
A type of mortgage loan usually with 30 or 15 year loan terms where the interest rate remains constant throughout the life of the loan (anything from 6 months through to 7 years). The advantages of a fixed rate loan is your own security that the interest rate will not increase. The disadvantage of a fixed rate loan occurs when interest rates substantially decline below the interest rate of your loan. If the mortgage is discharged before the end of the fixed rate term, there is usually an Early Repayment Penalty incurred.
A mortgage in which the interest rate does not change during the entire term of the loan.
Mortgages with a fixed interest rate. You payment for principal and interest will not change for the life of the loan. Your monthly payment may change if taxes or insurance rates change.
A fixed rate mortgage is where the rate of interest and payment amount are fixed for a specific term.
Loans whose interest rate remains constant for the life of the loan. Since the interest rate is constant and the term is known, the principal and interest portion of the payment will not vary.
Characteristics of a fixed rate mortgage: A rate that does not change during the life of the loan. A consistent payment. Less risk because of payment stability.
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Laminate Floor Cleaning - Care and Maintenance
Laminate flooring is a wood-look product that comes as planks or tiles that are either glued together or click together without the need for adhesives.
It provides a smooth surface, with a seamless look and feel. Laminate flooring maintenance is easy and can help extend the life and look of the floor for many years.
Cleaning Laminate Flooring
Regular cleaning, including sweeping, vacuuming and dry mopping is generally all the care the flooring needs.
Spills should be cleaned up immediately to avoid staining, and even though laminate flooring is resistant to staining, standing moisture can do permanent damage.
Maintaining Laminate Flooring
Regular cleaning is the first step in laminate flooring maintenance.
If a board becomes damaged, some laminate flooring manufacturers have kits to repair small marks or nicks in the surface.
When a board is damaged and must be replaced, follow the manufacturer’s directions. In some cases, when the installation required no glue, it is easier to replace and requires only tools and time.
When the installation required glue to assemble the boards, it may be better to hire a professional to replace the board.
In either case, it’s important to be aware of anything that might void the warranty.
Laminate Flooring Maintenance Do's
For high traffic areas it is important to install a higher grade laminate to withstand the wear and tear.
Sweep, vacuum and damp mop frequently to avoid scratches and a dull appearance.
Choose products made by your particular flooring manufacturer to clean and maintain the appearance.
Use floor protectors under furniture to avoid scratching the surface. Never drag furniture or other objects across the floor as this can leave noticeable scratches and dents.
Use mats in doorways to help reduce the amount of dirt and dust tracked in from outside. Encourage family members and guests to remove footwear and keep pets with sharp claws off the floor.
Like many flooring options, laminate flooring can fade in direct sunlight so it is a good idea to protect it with curtains and blinds.
Laminate Flooring Maintenance Dont's
Never flood a laminate floor to clean it as the excess water can seep into the joints and cause swelling and warping of the boards.
Do not attempt to refinish this type of flooring as the surface ‘wood’ layer is very thin and sanding it will ruin it.
Do not use soap detergents as these can leave the floor dull looking from the remaining film.
Never use abrasive cleaning products such as steel wool and always sweep up any sand that is tracked in on the floor.
Never wax or polish laminate flooring, and don’t use chemicals to clean spills.
Laminate flooring is a durable choice, and can be installed above or below grade, making it a versatile and popular modern alternative to wood flooring. Although it is less expensive than wood flooring, it is possible to buy laminate with warranties up to 25 years. Proper laminate flooring maintenance is worth knowing so that the floor will stay looking as beautiful as the day it was installed.
Please remember the above is just a guide and you should seek professional advice.
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|Dental | Ear | Eye | Flea and Tick | Heartworm | Joints | Medications | Pain | Skin and Coat | Supplies | Vitamins | Specials|
Heart Blood Pressure
Urinary Tract and Kidneys
How can diet help arthritis?
What you feed your dog is always of utmost importance, but if it has a health condition like arthritis, pet food can make an even bigger difference in its overall well-being and quality of life. Arthritis affects about 20 percent of pets over age 1, and can make it difficult for them to enjoy activities the way they could when they had no joint pain. There are a number of joint supplements and pet drugs available to give your pooch some pain relief, but one of the best ways to help is through diet. Many foods these days are formulated to cater to certain conditions, but here's what you should look for in nutrition for your arthritic pooch.
Omega-3. Omega-3 fatty acids have been proven in a number of studies to improve signs of pain because they reduce inflammation in the joints.
Glucosamine/chondroitin. Pet food that has added chondroitin and glucosamine for dogs can be hugely beneficial because these ingredients have been proven to help joints make new cartilage and repair damage in arthritic joints.
Antioxidants. Antioxidants like vitamin C and E, selenium, methyl-sulfonyl-methane (MSM) denosyl (SAMe) have also been found to have benefits to a number of pets with arthritis.
Your dog's diet is also important in terms of maintaining a healthy weight. Controlling calories is key because obesity only puts added weight on the sensitive joints. In addition, it has been proven that pets that maintain an ideal weight throughout life have a lower risk of developing arthritis that overweight pets. You might want to choose a weight-loss pet food like Petcurean Now! Grain Free Senior/Weight Management Dry Dog Food. Not only is it specially formulated to help dogs shed pounds, it has high levels of antioxidants and added glucosamine and chondroitin. Candidae Grain Free Pure Elements Dry Dog Food is another good option because it contains natural sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
If you don't think your pooch is getting enough joint support from its food, you may want to talk to your veterinarian about adding a supplement like Super Pure Omega 3 or Nordic Naturals Omega-3 Pet to your dog's diet.
Beside food, you can help your dog deal with arthritis pain with medication like Previcox or Metacam, and make sure it has pet products like Dog Steps with 2 Steps to help it get up and down from the bed or couch.
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Sep. 7, 2004 A team of scientists from Glasgow today revealed a new technique that will allow dentists to detect and study the tell-tale signs of tooth decay before too much damage is done.
Speaking at one of the opening sessions at the Institute of Physics conference Photon 04 in Glasgow, Simon Poland outlined a new way of making a detailed 3D picture of a diseased area of a tooth, which could be done while a patient waits.
Simon Poland, from the Institute of Photonics at the University of Strathclyde, working with colleagues at the Glasgow Dental Hospital, and the University of Dundee, has used an existing imaging technique which creates optical sections (individual images or slices through a 3D object) using structured light (a beam of light in a grid pattern). They applied this technique to human teeth for the first time and succeeded in producing a 3D image a diseased area of a tooth.
The scientists took a tooth with an area of known decay and shone a beam of structured infra-red light (of around 880nm) using a halogen lamp. They took sets of 3 images at different spatial phases and combined them using standard image processing techniques. This produces an optically sectioned image - many image 'slices,' which are put together to form a whole 3D image.
Speaking at Photon 04, the UK's premier conference for photonics and optics, Simon Poland said: "We've successfully produced a 3D image of a region of tooth decay which will allow dentists to study the process of decay, caused by food and drink, in great detail and in real time, as the disease occurs, rather than after the fact."
He continued: "The technique is fast and simple and we could attach an endoscope to our kit to allow dentists to use the device in the surgery. They would shine the endoscope at the tooth they wanted to examine, and by using high-speed CCD camera, the image could be delivered very quickly, in around twenty minutes or so."
"Dentists usually detect disease by scraping and looking, or by taking X-rays but these methods only catch decay once it's already quite serious. Some of the more complex techniques currently available only give dentists data readings. The advantage of a detailed 3D image like the one we've created is that it can reveal decay in its earliest stages, and lets the dentist take measures to stop or repair the damage before it gets too bad. It gives them a powerful diagnostic tool, and tells them about the size and shape of the disease, and its progression."
Tooth decay is caused by acid produced when the sugar in plaque (bits of food and drink mixed with bacteria) breaks down. Fizzy drinks are particularly bad for teeth because they contain acid which begins to cause decay straight away. This leads to the break-down of the enamel (the protective surface coating) and mineral loss occurs. At this stage, re-mineralization is possible and is helped by good dental hygiene ¡V regular cleaning with toothpaste and fluorine mouthwash. The technique developed by Simon Poland and his colleagues could help dentists catch disease early in the process, before too much mineral loss occurs, when the possibility of re-mineralisation still exists. If mineral loss continues unchecked, cavities begin to form and grow, then fillings are needed.
The team now intend to use the technique to study teeth in different stages of tooth decay and to devise an easy to use kit for use in dental practices.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
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Reading Classics Together - Holiness (Holiness)
As you know, I am, along with a group of readers, attempting to work my way through some great Christian classics. Today we have arrived at the third chapter of J.C. Ryle's Holiness. You can read more about this effort here: Reading the Classics Together. Even if you are not participating, please keep reading. I'm sure there will be something here to benefit you. Four weeks ago we began our eight-week study of this book by looking at the Introduction to the book, and then progressed to the first chapter which dealt with Sin and then the second chapter that dealt with Sanctification. This week we move on to the third chapter, the subject of which is Holiness.
The chapter begins with a simple but profound question. In previous chapters we’ve learned about sin and sanctification and on that basis and reflecting on Hebrews 12:14 (“Strive for peace with everyone, and for the holiness without which no one will see the Lord.”) Ryle now asks, “Are we holy? Shall we see the Lord?” He begins to move holiness from the realm of theology to the realm of personal application. “In this hurrying, bustling world, let us stand still for a few minutes and consider the matter of holiness.”
As with all of these chapters, Ryle follows a clear outline. There are three sections: The Nature of True Holiness, The Importance of Practical Holiness and Application.
- The Nature of True Practical Holiness
- Holiness is the habit of being of one mind with God
- Holiness endeavors to shun every known sin and to keep every known commandment
- Holiness strives to follow the example of Christ
- Holiness cultivates the passive graces of meekness, longsuffering, gentleness, patience, kindness, and self-control
- Holiness pursues temperance and self-denial
- Holiness practices love and brotherly kindness
- Holiness practices mercy and benevolence towards others
- Holiness is exemplified in purity of heart
- Holiness follows after the fear of God
- Holiness follows after humility
- Holiness follows after faithfulness in the duties of life
- Holiness follows after spiritual mindedness
- Importance of Practical Holiness
- God commands it in Scripture
- Holiness is the purpose for which Christ came into the world
- Holiness is the only sound evidence of saving faith
- Holiness is the only evidence of love for Christ
- Holiness is the only sound evidence of being sons of God
- Holiness is most likely way to contribute to the good of others
- Holiness produces present comfort
- Holiness prepares us for heaven
- A Word of Advice - If you want to be holy…
- Begin with Christ
- Go to Christ
- Abide in Christ
This chapter offered a lot of content and gave me a lot to think about. I find the chapters in this book are just long enough that I can begin to have trouble adequately digesting them. If they were much longer I think I’d have to break them into chunks that are more easily digestible. The combination of the density and the length can make for tough going!
After discussing the nature of practical holiness, Ryle, always the pastor, pauses to ensure the reader knows that holiness does not shut out the presence on indwelling sin. Holiness is our goal and our motivation, but it is a goal we can never fully attain in this life. I was encouraged to read “some men’s graces are in the blade, some in the ear, and some are like full corn in the ear.” It is good to see all holiness in a continuum where the most godly men are on the same inclined plane as even the newest Christian—they are just further along the slope. Ryle provided this metaphor in the introduction and I’m glad that he paused here to ensure the reader does not become overly discouraged by his lack of holiness. While I appreciated that encouragement, I also appreciated the challenge that “it is the excellence of a holy man that he is not at peace with indwelling sin, as others are. He hates it, mourns over it, and longs to be free from its company.” A mark of holiness is the desire to attain more holiness and to put sin to death. Though we know that we will never be entirely free from sin in this life, at the same time we strive towards that impossible goal, seeking to join with the Spirit in destroying sin’s power over us. Encouragement and challenge side-by-side are a powerful force for change. I need to remember this.
Shortly after this, Ryle says that holiness is the only sound evidence that we are children of God. I think every parent has moments of shock or incredulity as we see our children begin to mimic our words, our habits, our priorities. The other day my son was talking on the phone while pacing in circles around the house. As he spoke to his grandmother he walked from the kitchen, through the dining room and living room, up the hall and back into the kitchen in endless circles. Aileen laughed, knowing that he has somehow inherited this habit from me. His habit is evidence that he is a member of this family—that he is my son. As Ryle says, “children in this world world are generally like their parents.” The degree may vary from person-to-person, but it is rare that there is no kind of family likeness. This is as true of the family of God. If God is our Father, we must begin to imitate Him and to resemble Him. “We must show by our lives the family we belong to.”
A third thing that stood out to me was a simple one and one I should have thought of long ago, I think. Ryle asks, “Do you think you feel the importance of holiness as much as you should?” He then says “how apt we are to overlook the doctrine of growth in grace, and that we do not sufficiently consider how very far a person may go in a profession of religion, and yet have no grace, and be dead in God’s sight after all.” He mentions Judas and says, “When the Lord warned them that one would betray Him, no one said, ‘Is it Judas?’” And that is exactly the case, isn’t it? Not one of the disciples stood up and said, “It’s going to be Judas! I haven’t seen the evidence of holiness in his life! It must be him!” No, Judas seemed to fit in quite well even though he was never saved. While it may be that he did a very good job of playing the part, it seems more likely that the disciples simply were not thinking in these categories and were not looking for evidence of holiness in their own lives or in the loves of each other.
So this walk I’m putting the book down knowing that without holiness I cannot see the Lord and am seeking to be deliberate about evidences of holiness in my life. I need to pause often to ask, “Am I holy?” And at the same time I need to seek evidence of holiness in the lives of other Christians, encouraging them were I see this, and perhaps lovingly exhorting them where I do not.
We'll continue the book next Thursday (September 27) with the fourth chapter (“The Fight”). If you are interested in joining in, please do. There is still time to purchase the book or to read it online. See this discussion (Read the Classics Together - Holiness) for information.
And now it’s your turn. I am interested in hearing what you took away from this chapter. Feel free to post comments below or to write about this on your own blog (and then post a comment linking us to your thoughts). Don't feel that you need to say anything shocking or profound. Just share what stirred your heart or gave you pause or confused you.
A friend sent along some study questions he once prepared while leading some men in his church through this book and this question stood out to me. It’s worth thinking about and perhaps someone would like to take a stab at an answer: “If holiness is so great, not equal in every man, and, to some degree, contingent on our own works, why then does it produce such a deep humility rather than encourage pride?”
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The Treasury reckons its December forecasts for economic growth are still intact as New Zealand continues its gradual recovery, though the headwind of a strong kiwi dollar is likely to endure into next year.
Secretary Gabriel Makhlouf told Parliament's finance and expenditure committee its forecast average annual growth of 2.5 percent in the coming five years is by and large intact, though the risks are still skewed to the downside, if not quite as extreme in the face of the US fiscal cliff debate and heightened uncertainty over Europe's ability to stave off a sovereign debt crisis.
"Since HYEFU (half-year economic and fiscal update), revised GDP data from mid-2012 indicates growth was weaker than we expected, but the run of recent data is pointing to a pick-up in December," Makhlouf told politicians. "Reports relating to Canterbury indicate the rebuild is gaining momentum and businesses seem more upbeat."
Mahklouf didn't have any good news for exporters on the currency, saying "the exchange rate is assumed to remain near its current level in the current year and into 2014 impacting on growth in the tradable sector."
While that's acting as a drag on exports, it is keeping inflation low and aiding capital investment, he said.
Mahklouf's testimony followed Finance Minister Bill English, who used his time to announce the budget will be on May 16.
English said the budget will include measures to encourage domestic and foreign investment, saying that will help stoke jobs and wage growth.
In 2009, the Finance Minister tried to loosen barriers for overseas investors, though the government later backed down and ended up tightening restrictions in the face of growing opposition to foreign buyers of large tracts of farmland.
Both English and Mahklouf today talked down their ability to make any sustainable impact on lowering the exchange, which is effectively a pawn in the currency wars between larger economies.
"There's some discussion about whether you can get some exchange rate effect that will relieve pressures on those exporters, but we haven't seen a viable sustainable proposition to do that," English said. "If you could just make that choice well of course you would if it was costless, but it's not costless."
The currency recently traded at 84.07 US cents and 75.90 on the trade-weighted index.
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Talkback: Was It Wrong To Use Kim Jong-il's Death For Free Dictator Publicity?
The death of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il this past Sunday inspired hope in some and fear (that Kim's mysterious 20-something son Kim Jong-un will continue his father's tyranny) in others. But for Sacha Baron Cohen -- the comedic actor/writer/producer who reveled in staging uncomfortable situations in his mockumentaries Borat and Brüno -- Kim's death inspired a publicity push for his upcoming comedy The Dictator.
Early Monday afternoon, Paramount and ostensibly The Dictator star, writer and producer issued a statement from the perspective of his Dictator character -- North African despot General Aladeen:
I am saddened to learn of the passing of my dear friend Kim Jong-Il. Our thoughts go out to his wife and 813 children. "K-Jo" was a great leader, good friend and average double's badminton partner. He died as he lived, in 3-inch lifts. An extraordinary man, he did so much to spread compassion, wisdom and uranium throughout the world.
On behalf of myself, Ahmadinejad, Chavez and Newt Gingrich, we would like to welcome his son, Kim Jong Un into the "Axis of Evil."
In addition to the statement, which quickly circulated online, Cohen & Co. used the North Korean leader's death as an excuse to start a Twitter feed for his Dictator character -- @RepublicWadiya -- and tweet his eulogy.
The opportunistic marketing scheme raises the question: Was it wrong, disrespectful or just in bad taste for Cohen to use Kim Jong-il's death to market his film, especially considering the millions of North Korean people who starved to death, lived in poverty and otherwise fallen victim to Kim's ruthlessness regime? Or is it wrong for us to expect anything less from a man who has made a living out of provoking people with politically incorrect statements and gestures on-camera?
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Most colds go away in a few days. Some things you can do to take care of yourself with a cold include:
· Get plenty of rest and drink fluids.
· Over-the-counter cold and cough medicines may help ease symptoms in adults and older children. They do not make your cold go away faster, but can help you feel better. Over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medicines are not recommended for children under age 4.
· Antibiotics should not be used to treat a common cold.
Many alternative treatments have been tried for colds, such as vitamin C, zinc supplements, and echinacea. Talk to your doctor before trying any herbs or supplements.
The fluid from your runny nose will become thicker and may turn yellow or green within a few days. This is normal, and not a reason for antibiotics.
Most cold symptoms usually go away within a week. If you still feel sick after 7 days, see your health care provider to rule out a sinus infection, allergies, or other medical problem.
Colds are the most common trigger of wheezing in children with asthma.
Fashner J, Ericson K, Werner S. Treatment of the common cold in children and adults. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86(2):153-159.
Singh M, Das RR. Zinc for the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001364.
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director and Director of Didactic Curriculum, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, Bethanne Black, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.
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[mythtv] Use callsign for scheduling
J. Donavan Stanley
jdonavan at jdonavan.net
Sat Apr 17 22:05:18 EDT 2004
Kenneth Aafl°y wrote:
>On Sunday 18 April 2004 01:54, Brian May wrote:
>>However, this only makes sense in countries where users commonly refer
>>to channels by a callsign. In other countries, the callsign
>>essentially becomes a database key that has no direct meaning to the
>I'm very confused; I'm I the only one in here that has the callsign of a
>channel show below the channel number in the program guide?
No you're not. And from the sounds of things you'll either a) not be
able to take advantage using the callsign for scheduling, b) have to
remember which "CBS" is "WBNS" or c) the "callsign" tag of the osd.xml
file is going to need to change (though to what I have no idea).
If I understand things correctly, the idea is to be able to mark
multiple channels as being "CBS" so the scheduler can work things out
better, which is a good idea. However I don't think using the callsign
column is the way to do it. If you need to identify a broadcaster then
add a broadcaster ID field that defaults to being the same as the callsign.
More information about the mythtv-dev
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Shakespeare's Characters: Friar Laurence (Romeo and Juliet)
From Romeo and Juliet. Ed. K. Deighton. London: Macmillan.
When first we meet the Friar, he is out in the early morning culling simples for use in medicine, a science he has deeply
and successfully studied. He has been Romeo's spiritual
adviser from early youth, his confidant in regard to
Rosaline, and his aid is now sought to solve the difficulty
of marriage with Juliet. A good old man who in his
youth has known stormy passions and the stress of life,
he has sought in religion and retirement the comfort he
could not elsewhere find; his great delight is to alleviate
suffering of whatever kind, and above all to promote
peace among his fellow-creatures. In the matter, however, before us, his pursuit of this goodly task masters his
sounder judgment, and with too ready compliance he
assents to Romeo's request. He in fact does evil that
good may come — and with the usual result of such
His piety, benevolence, and sympathy are
undoubted, but whereas in his solitary musings and his
priestly intercourse with human nature he thinks to
have garnered up the teachings of philosophy, he has
in reality missed true wisdom of life. Face to face with
Romeo's distress at the sentence of exile, he can indeed
reprove his despair with wholesome counsel, and by
reasonable argument bring him into a sounder frame of
mind. But when he has himself to act, his stored up
wisdom only leads him wrong. He errs in being a party
to the marriage, and his ingenuity and resource
suggesting an escape from the inconvenient consequences
of this step, he thinks to remedy his first error by a
stratagem in which the child-like Juliet is to be involved.
No doubt the courage to confess to the parents how
matters stand would bring down upon himself much
unpleasantness. It would bring down something worse
upon Romeo and Juliet, and this consideration we may
well believe weighs more heavily upon him than any
personal penalties. Still, his duty is or should be clear
before him. Even at the last when the tragic ending
has come, and he is forced to unburden himself of his
secret, though he palliates nothing, his confession of
error is only conditional; "if aught in this," he says,
"Miscarried by my fault, let my old life
Be sacrificed some hour before his time
Unto the rigour of severest law."
"If aught!" yet without his too facile compliance there
would be no tragedy to bewail! Hudson has "always
felt a special comfort in the part of Friar Laurence.
How finely his tranquillity contrasts with the surrounding agitation! And how natural it seems that from
that very agitation he should draw lessons of tranquillity!" Tranquillity, yes; but what if it be a tranquillity that differs not much from an easy-going evasion
of unpleasant realities, a tranquillity which is to be
maintained at the cost of three lives?
Gervinus, the Friar "represents, as it were, the part of
the chorus in this tragedy, and expresses the leading
idea of the piece in all its fullness, namely, that excess in
any enjoyment, however pure in itself, transforms its
sweet into bitterness; that devotion to any single
feeling, however noble, bespeaks its ascendancy; that
this ascendancy moves the man and woman out of their
natural spheres; that love can only be an accompaniment to life, and that it cannot completely fill out the
life and business of the man especially; that in the full
power of its first feeling it is a paroxysm of happiness,
the very nature of which forbids its continuance in equal
strength; that, as the poet says in an image, it is a
'Being smelt, with that part cheers each part;
Being tasted, slays all senses with the heart.'"
But surely Shakespeare means nothing of the kind.
Surely he does not seek to "moralize this spectacle"
through the agency of one who despite his long years,
his acquisition of knowledge, his experience of life, his
trusted philosophy, errs so grievously, errs in broad
daylight, and without the excuse of passion to disturb
his calm and tranquil mind. Shakespeare, it seems to
me, dramatizes Brooke's narrative in his own incomparable fashion, and he does nothing more.
From The Works of William Shakespeare. Vol. 8. Ed. Evangeline Maria O'Connor. J.D. Morris and Co.
Friar Laurence is full of goodness and natural piety, a monk such as Spinoza or Goethe would have loved, an undogmatic sage, with the astuteness and benevolent Jesuitism of an old confessor — brought up on the milk and bread of philosophy, not on the fiery liquors of religious fanaticism.
It is very characteristic of the freedom of spirit which Shakespeare early acquired, in the sphere in which freedom was then hardest of attainment, that this monk is drawn with so delicate a touch, without the smallest ill-will towards conquered Catholicism, yet without the smallest leaning towards Catholic doctrine — the emancipated creation of an emancipated poet. The Poet here rises immeasurably above his original, Arthur Brooke,
who, in his naively moralising "Address to the Reader,"
makes the Catholic religion mainly responsible for the
impatient passion of Romeo and Juliet and the disasters
which result from it.
It would be to misunderstand the whole spirit of the
play if we were to reproach Friar Laurence with the not
only romantic but preposterous nature of the means he
adopts to help the lovers — the sleeping-potion administered to Juliet. This Shakespeare simply accepted from his original, with his usual indifference to external detail.
The Poet has placed in the mouth of Friar Laurence a
tranquil life-philosophy, which he first expresses in general terms, and then applies to the case of the lovers. He enters his cell with a basket full of herbs from the garden. Some of them have curative properties, others contain death-dealing juices; a plant which has a sweet and salutary smell may be poisonous to the taste; for good and evil are but two sides to the same thing (II.iii): —
"Virtue itself turns vice, being misapplied,
And vice sometimes 's by action dignified.
Within the infant rind of this sweet flower
Poison hath residence, and medicine power:
For this, being smelt, with that part cheers each part;
Being tasted, slays all senses with the heart.
Two such opposed kings encamp them still
In man as well as herbs, — grace, and rude will;
And where the worser is predominant,
Full soon the canker death eats up that plant."
When Romeo, immediately before the marriage, defies sorrow and death in the speech beginning (II. vi.) : —
"Amen, Amen ! but come what sorrow can,
It cannot countervail the exchange of joy
That one short minute gives me in her sight,"
Laurence seizes the opportunity to apply his view of
life. He fears this overflowing flood-tide of happiness,
and expounds his philosophy of the golden mean — that
wisdom of old age which is summed up in the cautious
maxim, "Love me little, love me long." Here it is that
he utters the above-quoted words as to the violent ends ensuing on violent delights, like the mutual destruction wrought by the kiss of fire and gunpowder.
Brandes: William Shakespeare.
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| 0.954628
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| 3.0625
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|
Undo in Game Your Video
While editing a video, if you have applied an effect that you want to remove, use the Undo option. To do this, just double-tap the portion of the video where you want to remove the applied effect. This patch will snap to the Timeline and a Cancel button will appear. Tap it to remove the effect.
Visit Global Delight
Google features heavily in TidBITS this week, thanks to Adam's look at the release of offline access support for Gmail and Doug McLean's article about the inclusion in Google Earth of ultra-high resolution versions of 14 masterpieces from the Prado Museum in Madrid. That's right, you can fly around a painting and zoom in far enough to see cracks in the paint. But don't let Google Earth distract you for too long - Doug anchors this issue with a far more practical article about programs you can use to get your work done while minimizing distractions. Adam also notes that Coinstar machines will turn loose coins into iTunes credit, and Joe Kissell relates how he managed to get one of his current email addresses mentioned in a song recorded 10 years ago. Notable software releases this week include PersonalBrain 5.0.2, Typinator 3.4, iPhone 2.2.1 Software Update, Apple's iLife Media Browser Update, iDVD 7.0.3, HoudahSpot 2.4, and SpamSieve 2.7.3.
Turn loose change into songs and apps from the iTunes Store via a Coinstar machine.Show full article
Spain's Prado Museum is home to a world-class collection of art, and now Google Earth's Prado Museum is offering 14 of its masterpieces on loan, to you!Show full article
If you need to create mathematical equations, check out this week's DealBITS drawing for a chance to win a copy of the MathMagic Personal Edition equation editor.Show full article
Been avoiding Google's Gmail because of the requirement that you be online at all times when using it? That's no longer necessary, thanks to offline access provided by the just-released Google Gears support for Gmail.Show full article
During a bout of insomnia, Joe Kissell cleverly slid his MobileMe email address into a song recorded ten years ago.Show full article
Ever find yourself distracted by your own Mac, with windows from your Web browser or sounds generated by incoming mail preventing you from getting down to your real work? Doug McLean set out to find some programs that can help you focus on what's important.Show full article
Notable software releases this week include PersonalBrain 5.0.2, Typinator 3.4, iPhone 2.2.1 Software Update, Apple's iLife Media Browser Update, iDVD 7.0.3, HoudahSpot 2.4, and SpamSieve 2.7.3.Show full article
Read on for a collection of links to the most interesting articles found or written by the TidBITS staff elsewhere on the Web this week.Show full article
Readers are busy trying out the new iLife '09 and configuring hard drives, based on this week's TidBITS Talk discussions. Also touched upon are opinions of Apple's best and worst Macs and related products, connecting devices using HDMI and DVI cables, online security following news of infected illegal downloads, and more.Show full article
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Bowling, Ann (2009) Perceptions of active ageing in Britain: divergences between minority ethnic and whole population samples. Age and Ageing, 38(6), pp. 703-710. ISSN (print) 0002-0729Full text available as:
Bowling-A-17239.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial.
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Objective: to identify perceptions of, and associations with, active ageing among ethnically diverse and homogeneous samples of older people in Britain. Design and setting: cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys of older people living at home in Britain. Measures: active ageing, health, psych-social, socio-economic circumstances, and indicators of quality of life. Results: respondents defined active ageing as having health, fitness, and exercise; psychological factors; social roles and activities; independence, neighbourhood and enablers. The ethnically diverse sample respondents were less likely to define active ageing as having physical health and fitness, and were less likely to rate themselves as ageing actively, than more homogeneous sample respondents. The lay-based measure of quality of life used was independently and consistently associated with self-rated active ageing in each sample Conclusion: Policy models of active ageing were reflected in lay views, although the latter had a more multidimensional focus. Lay definitions of active ageing were also more dynamic, compared with definitions of quality of life and successful ageing. Differences in self-rated active ageing and perceptions of this concept by ethnic group need further exploration.
|Additional Information:||This work was supported by New Dynamics of Ageing Research Programme [grant no. RES-352-25-0001].|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||active ageing, ethnicity, old age, quality of life, successful ageing, elderly|
|Research Area:||Health services research|
|Faculty, School or Research Centre:||Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences|
|Depositing User:||Susan Miles|
|Date Deposited:||25 Nov 2010 16:58|
|Last Modified:||16 Jul 2012 21:49|
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Determination, passion and talent are all forces to be reckoned with, and not even a disability can stop the best of the est from shining. Here's some famous musicians who didn't let anything stop them, no matter how much it changed their life:
Stevie Wonder - Blindness
Another musicians lacking sense of sight, Stevie Wonder was signed to Motown's Tamla label at the age of eleven. Wonder is considered a child prodigy and over his career has won twenty-two Grammy's, the most of any solo artist.
He's also won one Oscar, for his original song 'I Just Called To Say I Love You' which was written for the film 'The Woman in Red'! Wonder is also talented on a large variety instruments.
Rick Allen (Def Leppard) - Full Arm Amputation
One of the more famous stories of overcoming a disability, Def Leppard drummer Rick Allen was on his way to a New Year's Ever party when an accident left him with only his right arm.
Determined not to let his new disability stop him, Allen and some of his fellow engineers designed a drum kick that would let Allen use his left foot to play his snare drum instead of his right arm.
The band went on to release 'Hysteria', which sold over 20 million copies. So yeah, it didn't stop him.
Curtis Mayfield - Paralysis
Curtis had a long career in music and made an impact on the R&B, soul and funk genres. Mayfield is known for being a politically-conscious African-American musician and as a pioneer of the funk genre.
After becoming paralyzed from the neck down in a stage collapse in 1990, Mayfield still wrote and sang. He directed the recording of his last album in this state as well. His vocals recorded in painstaking fashion, usually one line at a time as he lied in a bed.
His deteriorating health eventually caused him to pass away in 1999. Even after his accident Mayfeild proved nothing could stop him from making music.
Bret Michaels (Poison) - Type 1 Diabetes
Michaels was taught to shoot up legally as a kid. But that's because his pancreas was unable to create insulin when Michaels was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes when he was six. When Bret was ten, he went to camp and met other diabetics kids and learned about taking medication and eating right. Later, he would form Poison and hit the road, not letting anything stand in his way.
Kenny G - Asthma
Kenneth Gorelick, or as he is more commonly known by his stage name, Kenny G, is a smooth-jazz saxophonist. He expanded the jazz market exponentially and he has sold 48 million records. A sales number of that caliber has landed him a spot as the 25th highest selling recording artist in America.
Obviously, Kenny has shown that no disability can't stop him, especially one that directly affect his ability to play saxophone.
His Asthma also contributed to the name of one of his albums; 'Breathless'.
Ray Charles - Blindness
Ray Charles is one of the most famous songwriters of all-time. He's played a major part in the progression of the blues and was one of the pioneers of soul music. Many musicians and critics credit him as being one of the first musicians to blend several different genres in an extremely successful manner. Ray was talented on many instruments despite his blindness, which occurred at the age of seven because of glaucoma.
Tony Iommi (Black Sabbath) - Partial Finger Amputation
As a 17-year-old, Iommi was involved in an accident in a sheet metal factory where he lost the tips of his middle and ring finger on his right hand.
Iommi planned on giving up music until he discovered Django Reinhardt, a successful jazz guitarist with a similar injury. Tony then strung his guitar with banjo strings and covered his damaged fingers in plastic a plastic cap he had made by melting plastic bottles.
He then formed Black Sabbath, sold over 20 million albums and the rest is history.
Jeff Healey (Jeff Healey Band) - Blindness
A fellow 'Torontonian', Jeff Healey lost his sight when he was one year old. That didn't stop him from learning guitar and creating his own distinctive way of playing the instrument.
Healey formed his first band when he was 17 and was also a radio show host for a time, where he was known for playing from his extensive collection of records.
Eventually Healey formed the Jeff Healey band and released four albums with them, which all gained critical praise and were noticed by the Grammys and especially the Junos.
At boom, we play these and other famous musicians who have overcome great obstacles! Listen in to hear them at their best!
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Announced with much fanfare, most infrastructure projects in the city have only disappointed residents with repeated delays.
Tens of thousands of buyers and builders have invested in hundreds of projects along the Northern Peripheral Road (NPR) and Southern Peripheral Road (SPR), but their dreams are yet to be realised.
Due to the incomplete Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway, a large number of commercial vehicles plying between Rajasthan and Mumbai have not been able to switch to the upcoming link road.
The move was supposed to ease vehicular pressure on Delhi-Gurgaon roads and help the local traffic department manage traffic better.
In 2012, acute water and power crisis led to massive protests across the city as residents paid through their nose for expensive power back-up and bottled drinking water. People took to the streets, ransacked offices and burned effigies to push the administration for a solution.
Though the city requires 82 mgd of water, the administration has been able to supply about 50 mgd only.
The much-awaited Chandu Budhera water treatment plant is not fully functional yet, delaying operation of the NCR channel which is to supply raw water to the new plant.
"The reason for slow infrastructure growth here is the Haryana government's malafide intention. It spends Gurgaon-generated revenue on development in other parts of the city," said RS Rathee, president, Gurgaon Citizens' Council.
The only praiseworthy work done by the Haryana Urban Development Authority (Huda) was repair work on several sector roads.
Officials swung into action after a visit by the Haryana Chief Secretary PK Chaudhary in October.
"The government is focused on infrastructure-related work. I have issued instructions to streamline all developmental work," he said.
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Media/It's Time to Take Risks
The Guardian: It's Time to Take Risks
- United Kingdom
- December 10, 2002
- Duncan Campbell
A little more than 30 years ago, the leaking of 7,000 pages of Pentagon documents, which exposed an extraordinary catalogue of lies and duplicity on the part of the US government, helped to bring an end to the war in Vietnam. Daniel Ellsberg, a former marine company commander, who had served in Vietnam, leaked the documents, risking a life sentence to do so. Now he is finally telling the whole story of how he became perhaps the most important whistle-blower of the past half century.
It is a bright autumnal day in Berkeley, California, and Ellsberg, now a sprightly 71, is having a rest day from a cross-country tour to promote his memoirs, Secrets. It is his account of how he, an analyst with the Rand Corporation, who had worked in the Pentagon under defence secretary Robert McNamara and for the state department in Vietnam, was finally driven by his conscience to reveal how successive US governments had stumbled into a war that cost more than a million Vietnamese and 55,000 American lives, and how successive presidents had lied to the American people about the conflict's conduct and consequences. Ellsberg photocopied what were to become known as the Pentagon Papers, and then tried to persuade politicians to release them and alert the country. When that failed, he gave them to the New York Times. To ensure that the papers would all be distributed, he went on the run, prompting what was described as "the largest FBI manhunt since the Lindbergh kidnapping". When the FBI finally caught up with him in June 1971, he was charged with 12 felonies and faced 115 years in jail.
He might well still be in prison were it not for the almost psychopathic desire of President Nixon and his team to extract revenge: a burglary of Ellsberg's psychoanalyst's office was authorised in the hope of finding information that might discredit him or, when publicised, drive him to suicide. The Watergate burglars, Gordon Liddy and Howard Hunt, carried it out. A team of heavies was recruited to break Ellsberg's legs. His phone was tapped. It also emerged, during his trial in 1973, that the judge had earlier been offered the post of director of the FBI, a job he coveted.
Once these plots became known, the judge had to abandon the trial and acquit Ellsberg. The Pentagon papers also helped to so discredit the war that they became one of the key factors in the US's final withdrawal and Nixon's humiliating resignation. Ellsberg became a counter-cultural hero.
Secrets recounts this story, filling in the many gaps that remained at the time of the trial. It is also, in a way, a love story about how he fell for his wife, Patricia Marx, and her pivotal role in ensuring that the papers were leaked.
The Ellsbergs now live in a rambling, unpretentious home in Berkeley, surrounded by buddhas and roses. Ellsberg has been speaking so much that his voice is almost gone but he talks with the same intensity that took him into the dock three decades ago. He sees many parallels between then and now, with the country on the brink of another war.
"One of the key differences is that the military now are clearly against this, which was not the case with Vietnam. The military hated the way Lyndon Johnson conducted the war but they wanted to get into it. This military clearly does not want the war so they're leaking. The reasons Bush has given are ridiculous - democracy, give me a break."
He lists "oil, oil and oil" as the main reasons for the present war plans. He also anticipates an "incident" that will be used as a rationale for the first US strike, just as the Gulf of Tonkin incident - a supposed attack on a US destroyer - precipitated deeper US military action in Vietnam. "Bush will want to claim, just as Johnson did, that he was immediately protecting American troops. He will want to say 'I'm bombing because I have intelligence that Americans are at immediate risk. They are putting chemical warheads on missiles, we think. I can't take the chance.'
"I believe Rumsfeld, Cheney and Wolfowitz are using our own troops as bait. There will be deaths, and they know that."
Ellsberg has noted that there have been frequent leaks about the war plans in recent weeks. "There is great dissent and that is clearly the major reason for the leaking. It is clear that the administration is filled with people who believe this is reckless, unnecessary, foolish ... I am using every opportunity to say to people in the government who are in the position that I was then, and who know that their president is lying us into a wrongful and reckless war, to do what I wish I had done in 1964-65: to go to Congress and the press with documents and tell the truth. That would be a risk but there are times when big risks are worth that to save a lot of lives."
Ellsberg says that he doesn't like telling people to take risks that he is not taking, which is why he is announcing that his book contains some still unclassified secrets - one about a dialogue between Johnson and the then Canadian prime minister, Lester Pearson, in which nuclear war was discussed as an option in Vietnam. He is challenging attorney general John Ashcroft to prosecute him for breaking the law.
Ellsberg is understanding about how people in power are co-opted into a system in which leaking becomes hard. "There is no set of genes, no hypodermic injection you can take which makes you immune to going along with cruel, indefensible policies that your team and your boss and your president say is what they want to do. I did it, but I don't think I was particularly corrupt for doing that. I don't think there is any human who is incapable of keeping their mouths shut about what they know is wrong."
Britain crops up periodically in the discussion. He is appalled that we still have an Official Secrets Act: "It is an outrage. I'd love an opportunity to go to England and testify to anyone on my experience and break their law. You cannot be a democracy in foreign affairs and have the amount of secrecy unchallenged that we have in America or you have in Britain. It's not just a joke, it's something that has to be resisted and changed."
The book has revealing vignettes of Henry Kissinger and how he wanted to use journalists to present him as a ladies' man. Ironically, Kissinger had been a big admirer of Ellsberg's, telling an audience of Rand personnel in 1968: "I have learned more from Dan Ellsberg than from any other person in Vietnam." This credibility, and the fact that Ellsberg was a Harvard-educated former company commander in the Marine corps, who had been under fire in Vietnam, was what made him so dangerous.
The tapes he reprints of Nixon plotting to damage him is like eavesdropping on a Mafia family dinner:
Nixon: Let's get the son-of-a-bitch into jail.
Kissinger: We've got to get him.
Nixon: Don't worry about his trial ... try him in the press. We want to destroy him in the press ... Is that clear?
Kissinger and (attorney general) John Mitchell: Yes.
Since the 70s, Ellsberg has earned a living from lecturing and writing, although anti-nuclear activism is his "top priority". He has three children and five grandchildren and a bad back, but shows no signs of slowing down. He has been arrested on many occasions, protesting against US military actions.
The almost universally friendly reception of the book has encouraged him. Senator and presidential contender John Kerry has praised him for the courage "which undoubtedly saved American lives in the battlefield". Actor Martin Sheen recommends the book as "essential reading for any American who wants to understand true patriotism". Yet had it not been for the Nixon team's criminality, he says, his release date with good behaviour would not have been until 2008.
However, Ellsberg expresses dread at what he fears is an approaching war. "I don't want to test whether Iraqis will fight in their own country for this tyrant, and I do not want to test what Saddam will do if we really set out to kill him," he says. "I can't think when I have felt that it was as ominous as this."
· Secrets by Daniel Ellsberg is published in the US by Viking.
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|<< Amos 6 >>|
Wesley's Notes on the Bible
1 Woe to them that are at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of Samaria, which are named chief of the nations, to whom the house of Israel came!
6:1 At ease - That neither fear nor believe the threatened judgments of God. In Zion - That is put for the kingdom of the two tribes, and principally the inhabitants of Jerusalem. Samaria - Woe to them also who rely upon the strength, wealth, and policy of the kingdom of Samaria or Israel. Which - Which two cities, Zion and Samaria. Named chief - Accounted the chief cities of that part of the world. To whom - To which place all Israel had recourse, the two tribes to Zion, the ten tribes to Samaria.
2 Pass ye unto Calneh, and see; and from thence go ye to Hamath the great: then go down to Gath of the Philistines: be they better than these kingdoms? or their border greater than your border?
6:2 Pass ye - Run over the history of that great and ancient city. Hemath - Head of the Syrian kingdom, lately overthrown by Tiglath - Pilneser, and a fresh instance of God's just indignation against secure sinners. Gath - The chief city of the Philistines, a few years before wasted by the arms of Hazael; by these examples learn to amend your ways, or expect to perish in them. Greater - That is, greater than these kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and their borders, or bounds, greater than these of Israel and Judah.
3 Ye that put far away the evil day, and cause the seat of violence to come near;
6:3 Ye - That flatter yourselves the day of darkness foretold, is far off. The seat - The judgment seat which should relieve the oppressed, is made a seat of violence.
4 That lie upon beds of ivory, and stretch themselves upon their couches, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall;
6:4 That lie - That out of laziness or luxury, lay themselves to rest. And eat - The very best in all their flock.
5 That chant to the sound of the viol, and invent to themselves instruments of musick, like David;
6:5 That chant - That in a time of deep mourning entertain themselves with songs, and musical instruments.
6 That drink wine in bowls, and anoint themselves with the chief ointments: but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph.
6:6 In bowls - Not in little vessels, but probably bowls: they drank these filled as full as they could hold too, and in design to drink each other down. And anoint - In those hot countries this anointing was much used. Not grieved - Nothing affected with the calamities of their country.
7 Therefore now shall they go captive with the first that go captive, and the banquet of them that stretched themselves shall be removed.
6:7 The banquet - The feastings of voluptuous ones shall cease.
8 The Lord GOD hath sworn by himself, saith the LORD the God of hosts, I abhor the excellency of Jacob, and hate his palaces: therefore will I deliver up the city with all that is therein.
6:8 The excellency - All that the seed of Jacob accounts a glory and excellency to them, all their external privileges and worship.
9 And it shall come to pass, if there remain ten men in one house, that they shall die.
6:9 Remain - Escaping the enemies sword. Ten men - Many men, a certain number for an uncertain. They shall die - Tho' they escape a while, they shall not finally escape.
10 And a man's uncle shall take him up, and he that burneth him, to bring out the bones out of the house, and shall say unto him that is by the sides of the house, Is there yet any with thee? and he shall say, No. Then shall he say, Hold thy tongue: for we may not make mention of the name of the LORD.
6:10 Uncle - Or near kinsman, instead of those who were wont to do this, and were paid for it; but now none of these remaining, the next to the dead must, as well as he is able, take him up on his shoulders, and carry him. That burneth - Though the Jews mostly buried, yet in some cases they burned the dead bodies, as in this of pestilence. The bones - The flesh being consumed, the bones are reserved to be buried. Unto him - Any one he sees near the house out of which the bones are carried. Is there yet any - Is any one living in your house. Hold thy tongue - Do not complain, lest thou thyself be killed, lest all be rifled. For - It is too late to seek God, who is executing his immutable decree.
11 For, behold, the LORD commandeth, and he will smite the great house with breaches, and the little house with clefts.
6:11 For behold - It seems to be the continued speech of him who took care of the dead, ver.10, God hath sent out war, famine, and pestilence. The great house - The palaces of great men shall have great breaches made in them, and the cottages of poor men shall, by lesser strokes, be ruined.
12 Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock:
6:12 Shall horses - If prophets exhort or advise, it does no more good than if you would run your horses upon the precipices of rocks.
13 Ye which rejoice in a thing of nought, which say, Have we not taken to us horns by our own strength?
6:13 Who rejoice - In your victories, alliances, and idols. Have we not - We have raised ourselves to greatness by our wisdom and courage.
14 But, behold, I will raise up against you a nation, O house of Israel, saith the LORD the God of hosts; and they shall afflict you from the entering in of Hemath unto the river of the wilderness.
6:14 Hemath - A city of Syria, bordering on Israel, north - east. The wilderness - Which is the south - west parts of Canaan. So all your country shall be destroyed.
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US 6315502 B1
A cutting tool has a chip breaker, disposed in the region of the chip face, for preventing uncontrolled chip formation. The chip breaker is disposed at a certain spacing from the cutting edge of a diamond layer that is applied to a substrate body. In prior art versions, a joint remained between the chip breaker and the diamond layer, and chips could penetrate the joint and become stuck there. To prevent this, the diamond layer, in the region of the chip breaker, is recessed down to the substrate body and that the chip breaker is applied there directly to the substrate body. In this way, a chip breaker can be disposed with a good hold in the vicinity of the cutting edges without sacrifices in terms of the strength of the cutting layer.
1. A cutting tool comprising:
a substrate body;
a layer of polycrystalline diamond or polycrystalline boron nitride, the layer
(a) being applied to the substrate body,
(b) having a cutting edge and a chip face, and
(c) having a recess formed in the chip face at a certain spacing from the cutting edge down to a portion of the substrate body; and
a means disposed in the recess of the chip face of the layer for preventing uncontrolled chip formation, the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation being applied directly to the portion of the substrate body.
2. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation are secured in materially joined fashion to the portion of the substrate body.
3. The cutting tool of claim 2, wherein the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation are provided on an underside thereof, in a rear region thereof, with a flat protrusion having a flat lower face.
4. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the recess in the layer is produced by an erosion or evaporation method.
5. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the layer is applied to the portion of the substrate body by deposition thereof in the vapor phase.
6. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation are embodied as a chip guide stage.
7. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation are embodied as chip breakers.
8. The cutting tool of claim 7, wherein a flank, oriented toward the cutting edge, of the chip breaker is beveled by approximately 40-50°.
9. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is a drilling tool, milling tool or lathe tool.
10. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the substrate body, the layer and the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation are embodied as an insert, and further including a holder for the insert.
11. The cutting tool of claim 1:
further including a holder; and
wherein the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation are secured in materially joined fashion to the portion of the substrate body and to the holder.
The invention relates to a cutter tool, having means, disposed in the region of the chip face, for preventing uncontrolled chip formation, which means are disposed at a certain spacing from a cutting edge at a layer of polycrystalline diamond (PKD) or polycrystalline boron tride (PKB), which is applied to a substrate body.
In chip-forming machining in particular of tough materials, such as nonferrous metals or plastics, the attempt is made to prevent the uncontrolled formation of long chips, because among other effects they can damage the machined surfaces. For that purpose, so-called chip breakers, which break the chips to a short length, and chip guide stages, which in a purposeful way divert the long chips away from the working region, are known. Since such means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation should be disposed as close as possible to the cutting edge if they are to operate effectively, the problem arises in cutting tools with cutting materials of polycrystalline diamond (PKD) or polycrystalline boron nitride (PKB) that the layer comprising these materials forms the chip face, and separate means cannot be reliably secured to that layer. The attempt is made to overcome this by soldering the cutting tools into a slit in a tool holder, but only a soldered connection between the substrate body and the slit is possible, while a narrow joint remains between the surface of the layer of PKD or PKB and the means for chip control. It turns out that chips can become stuck in this joint, and as a result on the one hand the tool carrier wears down rapidly, and on the other, damage to the surface of the workpiece material can occur.
The object of the invention is to create a cutting tool with a cutting material of PKD or PKB that makes it possible to have means for chip control without there being a joint toward the chip face in the vicinity of the cutting edge.
According to the invention, this object is attained in that the layer of PKD or PKB is recessed, in the region of the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation, down to the substrate body, and the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation are applied there directly to the substrate body.
The subsequent removal of the layer of PKD or PKB in the region of the recess, for instance by electroerosion, allows a precise approach to the cutting edge to a distance that would not be attainable in the production of the layer. Precise spacing of the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation, of preferably about 0.3 to 1.5 mm, does not increase the risk of brittle breakage of the very vulnerable cutting materials.
A further advantage of the invention is that the cutting tool of the invention can be manufactured in a very economical way, and practically any means for chip control, in terms of their form, can be applied to the substrate body. Since these means are anchored on the substrate body in the vicinity of the cutting edge, a very firm hold of these means is also obtained, since in comparison to the formerly conventional versions, only a very short lever travel arm length exists between the engagement point of the chips and the anchoring point of the means for chip control on the substrate body. Because of the nearness of the anchoring point to the cutting edge, relatively tall chip breaking or chip guiding means can be made, if that should be desired.
The thickness of the layer of PKD or PKB is preferably about 0.3 to 1.5 mm. Such layer thicknesses can be attained by the known production processes for cutting tools; thin layer thicknesses offer the advantage that the electroerosion operation is less time-consuming and thus entails lower costs. It is especially favorable for the forming of the recess if the layer of PKD or PKB is applied to the substrate body by deposition of the cutting material in the vapor phase, because the coatings, for instance of diamond, that can be made in this way have only a slight layer thickness and are therefore especially easy to penetrate electroerosively in the machining process.
The cutting tool of the invention can be embodied as an insert for a holder or as an indexable cutter plate with a plurality of cutting edges.
The means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation can be surrounded on all sides by a remaining rib of the layer of PKD or PKB. In that case, the control means are secured solely to the substrate body of the cutting tool. Depending on the kind of use, it can also be expedient for the layer of PKD or PKB to be removed completely toward one edge of the holder, so that the control means can be soldered, welded or glued to both the substrate body of the cutting tool and to its holder, in order to achieve additional stability.
Preferably, the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation, and/or the substrate body, comprise hard metal or high-alloy chromium tungsten tool steel (high-speed steel). It is especially ideal to make both parts of hard metal, since hard metal is especially resistant to damage from the chips, and this enables a good bond between the control means and the substrate body, for instance by soldering. On the other hand, steel parts can be better welded.
Depending on the area of use of the cutting tool and the material to be machined in chip-forming fashion, the means for preventing uncontrolled chip formation can be embodied as a chip guide stage for carrying away any developing chips, or as a chip breaker to shorten the chips to a harmless length.
In the embodiment as a chip breaker, the chip breaker expediently protrudes to from 0.5 to 3.0 mm above the layer of PKD and PKB and is beveled on its flank toward the cutting edge by about 40-50°. As an alternative to the beveling or in addition to it, the upper edge of the chip breaker, oriented toward the cutting edge, can be rounded with a radius of 0.5 mm, for example.
It is understood that the cutting tool of the invention, in all its possible embodiments, can be embodied as a drilling or milling tool or a lathe tool.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings. Shown are:
FIG. 1, a plan view of a tool;
FIG. 2, a longitudinal section through the tool of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3, a plan view on a further tool with a differently embodied chip breaker;
FIG. 4, a longitudinal section through the tool of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5, a plan view on a further embodiment of a tool with a chip breaker;
FIG. 6, a longitudinal section through the tool of FIG. 5.
In FIG. 1, a tool 10 is shown that substantially comprises a holder 12 and a cutter insert 14. The cutter insert 14 is seated in a suitably shaped recess 16 on one end of the holder 12, and the holder is provided in the middle with a securing bore 18 that enables precise securing of the tool 10 to a further holder (not shown).
The cutter insert 14 substantially comprises a substrate body 20, a chip breaker 22 soldered to it, and a layer 24 of polycrystalline diamond (PKD), applied to the substrate body 20, that extends conformally around the chip breaker 22. Both the substrate body 20 and the chip breaker 22 are of hard metal. The substrate body 20 is soldered to the recess 16, so that the cutter insert 14 is materially firmly joined to the holder 12.
The production of the cutter insert 14 is done in such a way that first a layer of PKD, with a thickness in the present case of 0.3 mm, is applied to the substrate body 20. Besides the conventional methods, it is also conceivable to apply the diamond material by deposition from the vapor phase.
Next, by electroerosive machining (EDM) in the course of profiled cavity sinking, or by means of laser or some other suitable erosion or evaporation process, the layer in the middle region is removed down to the substrate body 16, so that only a rib approximately 0.3 to 1.5 mm in width remains between the chip breaker 22 and the cutting edges 26 of the cutter insert 14. Even in the region contacting the recess 16, a rib of 0.4 mm in width remains in the cutter insert 14. Next, the chip breaker 22, whose flanks 28 toward the cutting edges are beveled by about 45°, is soldered directly to the substrate body 20. The electroerosion permits such precise recessing of the PKD layer 24 that no substantial weakening of the cutting material occurs, and thus there is no risk of brittle breakage.
The recess 16 is made so deep, in the example shown, that the upper edge of the PKD layer 24 is flush with the surface of the holder 12.
During the chip-forming machining, the flanks 28 of the chip-breaker 22 that are located in the immediate vicinity of the cut face assure that chips that form will be broken soon, and so long chips cannot form. Securing the chip breaker 22 to the substrate body 20 over a large area, extending into the vicinity of the cutting edges 26, also assures a good introduction of force into the substrate body 20 without substantial bending moments. Since the joint between the chip breaker 22 and the remaining PKD material is not located in the direction of motion of the chips that form, the risk of penetration of chips into this joint is precluded.
FIG. 3 shows a further tool 30, whose holder 12 is equivalent to the holder of the tool 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Soldered into the recess 16, however, is a cutter insert 42 in which a chip breaker 44 is soldered to the substrate body 46, whose upper edges are rounded with a radius of about 0.5 mm. The PKD layer 48 corresponds in its dimensions to those of the cutter insert 14 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The rounded edges of the chip breaker, which as in the previously described exemplary embodiment extends about 0.5 to 1.5 mm above the PKD layer 48, represent an alternative to the inclined flanks 28 of the cutter insert 14 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The substrate body 42 and the chip breaker 44 again both comprise hard metal, for the sake of attaining a good materially joined bond between the two parts by means of soldering.
A further exemplary embodiment of a tool 50 is shown in FIG. 5. This tool 50 comprises a holder 52 and a cutter insert 54, which differ in geometry from the two tools 10, 30 described above. In the cutter insert 54, the cutting edges 56 of the PKD layer 58 converge not at an angle of 35° for a tip radius of 0.8 mm, but rather at an angle of 55° with a tip radius of 0.4 mm. Another distinction from the embodiments described above is that the cutter insert is soldered into a graduated recess 60 in the holder 52. The graduated recess 60 makes it possible to provide a chip breaker 64 which protrudes past the substrate body 62 of the cutting tool 54 on the side remote from the cutting edges 56 and which is soldered to both the holder 52 and the substrate body 62. If the chip breaker 64 is to be welded on, it is recommended that on the underside of the rear end, where it is to be welded to the holder 52, it be provided with a flat protrusion shaped like the heel of a boot. This protrusion, approximately 0.1 to 0.2 mm in height, for instance, given a flat bearing face on the substrate and holder, assures a reliable, uniform contact pressure against the holder in the welding operation. The special embodiment of the chip breaker 64 requires that the PKD layer 58, after being applied to the substrate body 62, be recessed down to a remaining V-shaped angle 66 in the region of the cutting edges 56. The chip breaker 64 in turn has flanks 70, beveled by approximately 45°, that are oriented toward the cutting edges 56 for breaking any chips that form.
Instead of the chip breaker provided in the exemplary embodiments shown, it is also conceivable to apply chip guide stages to the substrate bodies of the cutter inserts; the task of these chip guide stages is not to break the chips to a short length but rather the targeted diversion of developing chips.
Depending on the application, for instance in particular for machining relatively solid materials, the layers applied to the substrate bodies for forming the cutting edges also comprise polycrystalline PKB, which is also known as CBN.
It is naturally also conceivable for the arrangement according to the invention of means for controlling chip formation to be applied to full-layer plates, such as indexable cutter plates, in which the separate holders can be omitted.
The rake and clearance angles can be adapted to the particular kind of use of the cutting tool, regardless of how the chip breakers are disposed. Correspondingly modified cutter inserts are suitable for use in both drilling and milling tools and in lathe tools.
Citas de patentes
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Stoke Newington or 'new town in the wood', has been lightly settled for many hundreds of years, close to larger neighbouring Saxon settlements near the River Lea. In the 19th century it was discovered that Stoke Newington Common and Abney Park Cemetery had been part of a Neolithic working area for axe-making, some examples of which can be seen in the Museum of London.
Stoke Newington is recorded as part of the Ossulstone hundred in the county of Middlesex in the Domesday Book of 1086. In the 17th century, for administrative purposes the west of Stoke Newington High Street became part of the new Finsbury division and the east part of the Tower division. Both divisions were in 1889 then incorporated into the County of London.
In the Middle Ages and Tudor times, it was a very small village a few miles from the city of London, frequently visited by wayfarers as a pit stop before journeying north, Stoke Newington High Street being part of the Cambridge road (A10). At this date the whole manor was owned by St. Paul's Cathedral and yielded a small income, enough to support part of their work. During the 17th century the Cathedral sold the Manor to William Patten, who became the first Lord of the Manor. His initials 'WP' and the motto 'ab alto' can be seen inscribed above the doorway of the old church next to Clissold Park.
A century later, it passed to Lady Mary Abney who drew up the first detailed maps of field boundaries and began to lay out a manorial parkland behind today's fire station on Church Street, with the aid of Dr Isaac Watts and her daughters.
During the early 19th century, as London expanded, the Manor of Stoke Newington was 'enfranchised' to be sold in parcels as freehold land for building purposes. Gradually the village became absorbed into the seamless expansion of London. It was no longer a separate village by the mid-to-late 19th century.
Being on the outskirts at this time, many expensive and large houses were built to house London's expanding population of nouveau riche whose journey to the commercial heart of the capital was made possible by the birth of the railways and the first omnibuses. The latter were first introduced into central London in the 1820s by George Shillibeer, following his successful trial of the world's first school bus for William Allen and Susannah Corder's novel Quaker school, Newington Academy for Girls. By the mid-nineteenth century, Stoke Newington had "the largest concentration of Quakers in London", including many who had moved up the A10 from Gracechurch Street meeting house in the City. A meeting house was built in Park Street (now Yoakley Road) by the architect William Alderson, who later designed Hanwell Lunatic Asylum.
St Mary's Lodge on Lordship Road, the 1843 home of architect and district surveyor John Young, is the last-surviving of several grand detached houses built in the area around that time for well-off members of the new commuter class. Gibson Gardens, an early example of quality tenement buildings erected for the housing of 'the industrious classes', were built off Stoke Newington High Street in 1880 and still stand today.
As a late Victorian and Edwardian suburb, Stoke Newington prospered, and continued in relative affluence and civic pride with its own municipal government until changes brought about by the Second World War.
Early 20th century
Second World War
During World War II, much of the area was damaged in the Blitz and many were made homeless, although the level of destruction was much lower than in those areas of East London further south such as Stepney or Shoreditch or even in next-door Hackney. The death toll was also relatively low: almost three-quarters of civilian deaths being due to one tragic incident on 13 October 1940 when a crowded shelter at Coronation Avenue off the high street received a direct hit. The memorial to all the residents of the Borough who died in the air raids, including local Jewish people, can be seen in Abney Park Cemetery. Like Hackney and Tottenham, Stoke Newington avoided most of the later V-weapon attacks, which fell disproportionately on South London; only a total of seven V-1s and two V-2s hit the borough.
Most of the historic buildings at the heart of Stoke Newington survived, at least in a repairable state. Two notable exceptions are the classically grand parish church of West Hackney, St James's, on Stoke Newington Road, which dated from 1824, and St Faith's, a Victorian Gothic church by William Burges. Both were so severely damaged, the former in the October 1940 bombing, and the latter by a flying bomb in 1944, that they were entirely demolished. St James's was replaced after the war by a much more modest structure, St Paul's, which is set well back from the street. Traces of the old church's stonework can still be seen facing Stoke Newington Road.
After the war a substantial amount of residential housing, particularly to the east of modern Stoke Newington, in Hackney borough at the time, had been either destroyed or left in such a bad state that it was seen by the urban planners of that era as better to demolish it. Postwar redevelopment has replaced many of these areas with large estates, some more successful than others. Much of this residential redevelopment was planned by Frederick Gibberd, the designer of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral.
Political radicalism and terrorism
Ever a home to radicals, Communist Party meetings were held in the Town Hall in the post-war years. And although Stoke Newington became part of the London Borough of Hackney in 1965, it has never quite lost its own identity. Indeed, following the 1960s, it increasingly became home to a number of squatters, artists, bohemians and also political radicals. Famously, the 'Stoke Newington 8' were arrested on 20 August 1971 at 359 Amhurst Road for suspected involvement in The Angry Brigade bombings.
The third, Muktar Said Ibrahim, was convicted, as the ring leader, on an indictment of conspiracy to murder. He planted a failed bomb on a 26 bus, which misfired later on the Hackney Road on 21 July 2005. Ibrahim used to work at an off-licence on Amhurst Road. In February 2005, police were seeking Ibrahim on an arrest warrant for an outstanding public order offence and sent a letter to his Farleigh Road address saying "Call us, before we call you." After the attack, Ibrahim was seen on the run in Farleigh Road and was later arrested in Dalgrano Gardens, W10. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, to serve a minimum of forty years before being considered for release.
These days, Stoke Newington is a very multicultural area, with large Asian, Irish, Turkish, Jewish and Afro-Caribbean communities. The area continues to be home to many new and emerging communities such as Polish and Somali immigrants.
Stoke Newington has undergone major gentrification within the last 10 years, as has neighboring Newington Green, Canonbury and Dalston. Much of the gentrification of the area has been based around Church Street which is now home to many independent shops, pubs, bars and cafe's.
On Saturday mornings, St Paul's churchyard in Stoke Newington High Street hosts an active farmers' market – relocated in July/August 2011 from its earlier site in the playground of William Patten Primary school on Stoke Newington Church Street. This was the first farmers' market in the UK to have only organic and biodynamic producers.
In June 2011 property developer Newmark Properties LLP announced their proposed development for Wilmer Place. This includes a large Sainsburys supermarket, "high quality private and affordable residential apartments" and a 90+ vehicle car park. This development requires the demolition of some of the existing properties in Wilmer Place and 195–201 Stoke Newington High Street. There has been strong local reaction against this development during the brief pre-planning consultation. Several local groups are protesting this development, including Hackney Unites, the Hackney Liberal Democrat Party, and Stokey Local, a group formed by local business leaders and residents.
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Note: Cross posted from [wp angelfury] Battered Mothers Rights - A Human Rights Issue.
Halle Berry unlocks memories of abuse
Halle Berry says her mother, Judith, was beaten at home
John Harlow in Los Angeles
DRESSED in old jeans, wearing little make-up and holding a dripping paint brush, Halle Berry was almost unrecognisable as the luminescent Bond girl who became the first black star to win an Oscar for best actress.
Yet, standing in the hallway at a battered woman’s shelter, cracking jokes with wary children, Berry said this was where she belonged — exorcising the ghosts of violent men who haunt the star of Die Another Day and X-Men.
The 43-year-old actress has been a low-key volunteer on the night shift at the Jenesse centre in Los Angeles for years but has only now chosen to reveal this part of her life, discussing for the first time how her father beat her mother and how she escaped her own abusive relationships.
She hopes the publicity will help the six shelters run by Jenesse overcome the financial stresses of the economic downturn. In the past Berry has refused to talk about the beatings meted out to her mother by her father, Jerome Jesse Berry, who left her family in Cleveland, Ohio, when she was four. But she has said a boyfriend once hit her so hard she is still largely deaf in her left ear.
Last week, accepting a “leadership” award in Hollywood, Berry said she and her elder sister, Heidi, were still recovering from witnessing the violence inflicted on their mother, Judith, a retired nurse who was born in Liverpool.
“I saw my mother battered, and could not do anything to stop it,” she said. “My father was tyrannical, lashing out at her for no reason. I felt the effects that had on our family — I’ve experienced what these women have gone through.”
She said her mother was still working out why she took it for so many years. “That is a deep question, and I am not sure she will ever come up with one answer. I have one answer to anyone in a similar situation — get out.”
Berry never forgave her father, a hospital porter, even as he lay dying with Parkinson’s disease in 2003. He sold his account of their estrangement to a tabloid “for a pack of beer and cigarettes”, Berry said.
She wondered if her parents’ relationship had affected her past romances.
She said: “I never had to run to a shelter, but I did choose the wrong partners. Not always good men. Luckily, in recent years, I have been smart enough to hit the door when violence even becomes a possibility. That is something I will not tolerate.”
After two marriages she feels more settled with her boyfriend, the Versace model Gabriel Aubry, and their 20-month-old baby girl, Nahla.
A former resident of the shelter said she did not realise the woman she called Halle Baby, who told silly jokes to her children, was a film star.Technorati Tags: Halle,Berry,memories,Child,Domestic,Violence,Frank,Trapper,Judith,John,Angeles,COMMENT,RECOMMEND,jeans,Bond,girl,Oscar,hallway,woman,children,Another,volunteer,Jenesse,life,father,relationships,downturn,Jerome,Jesse,Cleveland,Ohio,LINKS,décolletage,Last,leadership,Hollywood,elder,Heidi,Liverpool,situation,hospital,porter,Parkinson,disease,account,estrangement,beer,relationship,partners,door,Versace,Gabriel,Aubry,Nahla,Baby,ghosts,marriages,women,boyfriendNote: Cross posted from [wp angelfury] Battered Mothers Rights - A Human Rights Issue.
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Shoulder pads (fashion)
Shoulder pads are a type of fabric-covered padding used in men's and women's clothing to give the wearer the illusion of having broader and less sloping shoulders.
In men's styles, shoulder pads are often used in suits, jackets and overcoats, usually sewn at the top of the shoulder and fastened between the lining and the outer fabric layer.
In women's clothing, their inclusion depends by the fashion taste of the day. Their use is particularly associated with clothing of the early 1940s and the 1980s.
Although from a non-fashion point of view they are generally for people with narrow or sloping shoulders, there are also quite a few cases in which shoulder pads will be necessary for a suit or blazer in order to compensate for certain fabrics' natural properties, most notably suede blazers, due to the weight of the material.
1930 to 1945
Shoulder pads originally became popular for women in the 1930s when fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli included them in her designs of 1931, and the following year Joan Crawford wore them in the film "Letty Lynton". In the beginning, they were shaped as a semicircle or small triangle, and were stuffed with wool, cotton or sawdust. They were positioned at the top of the sleeve, to extend the shoulder line. A good example of this is their use in "leg o' mutton" sleeves, or the smaller puffed sleeves which were revived at this time, and were based on styles from the 1890s.
After World War II began in 1939, women's fashions became increasingly militarised. Jackets, coats, and even dresses in particular were influenced by masculine styles and shoulder pads became bulkier and were positioned at the top of the shoulder to create a solid look. Soon the style was universal, found in all garments excepting lingerie but tapering off later in the decade after the war was over and women yearned for a softer, more feminine look.
1945 to 1970
During the late 1940s to about 1951, some dresses featured a soft, smaller shoulder pad with so little padding as to be barely noticeable. Its function seems to have been to slightly shape the shoulder line.
By the 1950s and 1960s, small padded shoulder pads appeared only in women's jackets and coats—not in dresses, knitwear or blouses as they had previously during the heyday of the early 1940s.
Shoulder pads made their next appearance in women's clothing in the early 1970s, through the influence of British fashion designer Barbara Hulanicki and her label Biba. Biba produced designs influenced by the styles of the 1930s and 1940s, and so a soft version of the shoulder pad was revived. Ossie Clark was another London designer using shoulder pads at the time. These styles did not, however, reach mainstream acceptance, and so the popularity was relatively short lived.
During the early 1980s there was a resurgence of interest in the ladies' evening wear styles of the early 1940s: peplums, batwing sleeves and other design elements of the times were re-interpreted for a new market. The shoulder pad helped define the silhouette and was reintroduced in cut foam versions, especially in well-cut suits reminiscent of the World War II era. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was internationally noted for her adoption of these fashions. Before too long, these masculinized shapes were adopted by women seeking success in the corporate world and became an icon of women's attempts to smash the glass ceiling, a mission that was also added by their notable appearance in the TV series Dynasty.
As the decade wore on, shoulder pads became the defining fashion statement of the era, known as power dressing and bestowing the perception of status and position onto those who wore them. They became both larger and more ubiquitous—every garment from the brassiere upwards would come with its own set of shoulder pads. To prevent excessive shoulder padding, velcro was sewn onto the pads so that the wearer could choose how many sets to wear. By the end of the era, some shoulder pads were the size of dinner plates. It was inevitable that as the cycle of fashion turned, they would lose favour in the early 1990s.
The shoulder pad fashion carried over from the late 1980s with some popularity in the early 1990s, but the wearer's tastes were changing due to the backlash against 1980s culture. Some designers continued to produce ranges featuring shoulder pads into the mid-1990s, as shoulder pads were prominent in women's formal suits, and matching top-bottom attire, highly exampled in The Nanny. But as the decade wore on, the styles were outdated and were shunned by young and fashion-conscious wearers. Appearances were reduced to smaller, subtler versions augmenting the shoulder lines of jackets and coats.
2000s and 2010s
In the late 2000s (decade), a resurgence of shoulder pads appeared on many runways, fashion designer collections and a revival of 1980s trends became mainstream among many people who were interested in them. By the 2009-2010 seasons, shoulder pads had made their way back into the mainstream market. In 2010 many retailers like Wal-Mart had shoulder pads on at least half of all women's tops and blouses.
The early 2010s have also seen the resurgence of shoulder pads. Many young women had imitated artists such as Lady Gaga and Rihanna, who are known for their 1980s style jackets with shoulder pads, and the new wave styles of the 1980s have continued resurgence in mainstream fashion in the 2010s.
- Amy De La Haye 1988, Fashion Source Book, London, Quarto Publishing, 69, ISBN 0-356-15928-0
- Shoulder Pads - A History | http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/shoulder-pads-a-history-1802139.html
- Margaret Thatcher: A Style Icon | http://oxfordstudent.com/2012/01/21/style-icon-margaret-thatcher/
- Amy De La Haye 1988, Fashion Source Book, London, Quarto Publishing, 170, ISBN 0-356-15928-0
- Poof! Shoulder pads puff back | http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/fashion/galleries/blast_from_the_past/blast_from_the_past.html
- See all blog posts Trend Alert: Shoulder Pads Are Back! | http://www.glamour.com/fashion/blogs/slaves-to-fashion/2008/12/trend-alert-shouler-pads-capes.html
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MORGANTOWN, W.Va. -- A three-judge mass litigation panel will hear the case of Southern West Virginia residents who say a Massey Energy subsidiary poisoned their drinking water supplies by pumping 1.4 billion gallons of coal slurry underground.
The lawsuit against Rawl Sales & Processing originated in Mingo County, but Circuit Judge Michael Thornsbury was disqualified from presiding over the case last year because of a past attorney-client relationship with Virginia-based Massey.
The Supreme Court's acting chief justice said that could create the appearance of impropriety and lead to questions about his impartiality. Jackson Circuit Judge Thomas Evans was then assigned the case, but he recused himself earlier this year.
Last week, a state Supreme Court order officially transferred the case to a mass litigation panel led by Ohio County Circuit Judge James Mazzone. Circuit judges from Raleigh and Lincoln counties, John Hutchinson and Jay Hoke, will also preside over the case.
Some 550 current and former residents of Rawl, Lick Creek, Sprigg and Merrimac sued Massey and Rawl Sales for injecting coal slurry into worked-out underground mines between 1978 and 1987. Slurry is the wastewater produced when coal is washed to help it burn more efficiently.
Massey has denied any wrongdoing and defended the practice as legal. The lawsuit, however, claims slurry seeped through cracks in the earth into the groundwater, poisoning drinking wells.
The residents say decades of exposure to water that often ran orange, red or black caused developmental problems, cancers and other health problems.
The Department of Environmental Protection has imposed a moratorium on new coal slurry injection sites. Only 12 of the 13 currently permitted in West Virginia are active.
In a separate water-pollution case, five Massey subsidiaries argued Friday that a 2008 settlement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency protects it from being sued by the Sierra Club and other activist groups.
The federal lawsuit filed in April alleges more than 3,000 violations of the Clean Water Act and surface mining laws. Among other things, the plaintiffs claim runoff from as many as 16 West Virginia coal mines have tainted waterways with toxic aluminum.
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 35.djvu/265
THE ANIMAL WORLD OF WELL-WATERS.
them, in all its crudeness and nakedness, cleared from the rags with which the cowardice of contemporary agnosticism has obscured it; and they will then have to choose one alternative or the other. What their choice will be I do not venture to prophesy; but I will venture to call them happy if their choice prove to be this: To admit frankly that their present canon of certainty, true so far as it goes, is only the pettiest part of truth, and that the deepest certainties are those which, if tried by this canon, are illusions. To make this choice a struggle would be required with pride, and with what has long passed for enlightenment; and yet, when it is realized what depends on the struggle, there are some at least who will think that it must end successfully. • The only way by which, in the face of science, we can ever logically arrive at a faith in life, is by the commission of what many at present will describe as an intellectual suicide. I do not for a moment admit that such an expression is justifiable, but, if I may use it provisionally, and because it points to the temper at present prevalent, I shall be simply pronouncing the judgment of frigid reason in saying that it is only through the grave and gate of death that the spirit of man can pass to its resurrection. — Fortnightly Review.
By Dr. OTTO ZACHARIAS.
"WHAT! can it be that, in the well from which we obtain our drinking-water, there are animals?" This question will undoubtedly suggest itself to one or more of my readers on seeing the heading I have given to these lines. Some of them perhaps may, in view of the existence of a "well-fauna," take a solemn pledge of total abstinence so far as the drinking of water is concerned, and hereafter quench their thirst in something else. Others may perhaps, seemingly in jest, and yet withal in truth, seriously enough ascribe a catarrh of the stomach, contracted by drinking water that was too cold, not to their own carelessness, but to some little animal which they fancy they have swallowed. Others still will play the part of skeptics, and perchance, holding a glass of water from their well up to the light, peer critically into it and exclaim: "The story is merely another fable of the scientists; we shall not believe in the existence of these creatures until we see them."
Nor can any one be blamed for taking this view of the matter. However, right here, the fact should be mentioned that it is not the clear upper portion of the well-water that contains the animal organisms, but that they occur in the lower strata, close to
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- Both photographs are clearly of the same family. Same number of people, same relative ages, same general appearances.
- Neither photograph was taken in a studio. They both appear to have been taken on a farm. Perhaps they were taken by a traveling photographer.
- Although the baby looks to be about the same age in both photos, I am guessing that the sepia photo (below) is later because the son appears to be wearing the same jacket as in the other photo, but is outgrowing it. He is also taller in relation to his seated father.
- The mother is wearing the same dress in both photos, although she is wearing a tie at the neck in one photo but not the other.. The quilt behind her is also the same.
- The father is wearing the same suit. His hair seems a bit longer in the first photo (above). Perhaps he got a haircut.
- In both photos, the father is holding a folded document of some sort. This was often done to indicate an educated person.
The more I looked at these photos, I began wondering if the father might be Charles William Edmonds, born Fayette County Alabama, lived in Hill County Texas. I sent the photos to my second cousin Beverly and her husband Fred to see if they knew who the family was. Beverly is a descendent of Charles William Edmonds.
Bingo! We now have names!
- Father: Charles William Edmonds
- Mother: Manerva Josephine Davis Edmonds
- Older son: Curtis Leon Edmonds
- Older daughter: Abba Gertrude Edmonds
- Younger daughters: Hestra and Celestia Urline Edmonds
- Baby: Augustus Hill Edmonds
Fred and Beverly believe that the photos might have been taken on the same day, perhaps on Augustus Hill’s christening day. What do you think?
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Originally Posted by lifeinhd
Not my personal wealth, but the wealth of the world certainly has, which was my point. The US has a disproportionately high number of engineers innovating in high-paying jobs compared to, say, China. While a poor Chinese person may be forced to labor in a field or toil away in a factory, an American can gain an education and eventually go on to specialize in a cutting-edge field. The reason China has so few of the aforementioned engineers is not because their population isn't as talented; it's because they don't have the same opportunities to focus on advancement. Someone who could be a brilliant engineer is forced instead to pick rice because their economy isn't as developed, and as a result the world loses out on advances they could have made, e.g. cure for cancer, or treatment for AIDS.
So yes, as China becomes more and more of a first-world country and can provide the same opportunities for its citizens as the Western world has had for decades, the wealth of the world does indeed increase.
except china is a totalitarian dictatorship which manipulates it's currencies exchange rate.
It's citizens don't lack opportunity because of some dark ages stagnant economy that will be dispelled by the unstoppable magic hand of capitalism. They lack opportunity because their lives are decided by committee.
That is the problem with neo-liberal free trade agreements. They eliminate the laws and the borders for capital and goods, but labor is still subject to geography and local tyranny.
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It is time for another math lesson. This week we are going to focus on measuring people and items. There will be numerous items that we are going to measure but the important part is the type of items we use to measure. Our focus is going to be on standard and non-standard forms of measurement. A ruler is a great item and a child should always learn how to measure with a standard school ruler but a ruler is not always available when you need or want to measure something. We went a step further with the ruler and pulled out our tape measure also. Kids are always excited to use “Grown up Tools” that they see their parents using. My son could barely contain the excitement when I let him use the tape measure.
When you are looking for things to measure, use everyday items to increase a child’s understanding of the concept of measurement. The terms standard and non-standard are used frequently when describing measurement. Measuring with standard units refers to measuring with inches, feet, yards, centimeters or meters using a ruler or other measuring device. Measuring with non-standard units refers to measuring with blocks, pencils, hands, etc.
We started by measuring with our standard school ruler that is 12 inches long. I laid out several things for my son to measure that I knew were shorter than 12 inches. We measured a dollar bill (6 inches)l, a crayon (3.5 inches), a marker (6 inches) and two pieces of chalk (4 inches and 3 inches).
After those items were measured I showed him the next items that we were going to measure: pillow (26 inches), book (11 inches), blackboard (17 inches), fire truck (18 inches) and his leg (17 inches). He again gave me his estimates for the length of each item and we recorded the estimates prior to measurement. When he started to measure he quickly realized he did not have enough rulers to measure any of these items. We talked about how when you are measuring items you need to be exact so we pulled out the tape measure and he used that to measure these items.
After these measurements were taken we sat down and talked about how other things are measured. Did you know that horses are measured by hands? We traced his hand and cut it out to measure items. One yard or three feet is the same as the distance from your nose to your thumb; that is how they measure fabric in non-standard units. We then went around trying to measure items in the house using his hand as a unit of measurement. After we measured a few items we talked about how sometimes you do not have a ruler or tape measure with you and you still need to know a measurement of on item. What do you do then? We pulled out a few items to use: Paperclips; pencils; Lego's; paper and a dollar bill. We pulled out all of the previous items that we had measured and used our non-standard units of measurement to get the length of the items. We enjoyed the non-standard units because it was fun to keep adding items on in order to figure out the length but it was also difficult to be exact.
I would call this lesson a huge success as currently we are measuring everything in my home!
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PLATTSBURGH — Landon Gosselin hopes to become a teacher — and would promote equality in the classroom.
The Northeastern Clinton Central School alum shared that dream at the annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Commemoration here on Monday.
Temperatures hovered in the teens, the president was inaugurated, and many stayed home to enjoy the end of their three-day weekend, but roughly 100 people crowded the pews of the Blessed John XXIII College Community Newman Center to celebrate the holiday.
They joined together in soulful singing, recited part of King’s famed “I Have a Dream” speech and listened to Peru High School Assistant Principal Sanford Coakley give his account of integrating into an all-white school in rural Virginia when he was in fourth grade.
Coakley said before the ceremony that he hoped his speech would help younger generations understand how far the nation has come in terms of equality.
For some in attendance Monday, his talk did that, while also showing what is left to be done.
“We forget about our youth,” said J.W. Wiley, director of the Center for Diversity, Pluralism and Inclusion at SUNY Plattsburgh and a commemoration attendee.
“It’s important to let our youth know what part they can play.”
A handful of elementary and high-school-age youth were there, including Gosselin and Seton Catholic Central School graduate Eva Zalis, who received scholarships from the commission.
They read the scholarship essays they’d written, both of which touched on how they promote equality and would continue to do so.
“I think that everyone experiences or witnesses discrimination at some point,” Zalis said of the inspiration for her essay.
Wiley visits schools to speak about equality and teaches diversity classes at SUNY Plattsburgh. He said Coakley’s story is one he knows but not one his children, who were in attendance, necessarily do.
“We need to tell these stories so we can learn how far we’ve come,” he said. “But we need to recognize that we need to find ways to tell these stories to more people.”
Coakley wasn’t the only one to speak about how King’s work made positive change in their lives.
“(King) and other leaders truly shaped the man I became,” Plattsburgh City Councilor Jim Calnon said from the lectern. … The lessons Dr. King spoke to us in those days are what I believe.”
Commemoration moderator Stanley Ransom also highlighted the civil-rights leader’s work in his opening
remarks, calling for those in the crowd to think of others.
The ceremony, sponsored annually by the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Commission, was interspersed with music from the Martin Luther King Singers, who sang a pair of songs with the crowd, including civil-rights-movement anthem “We Shall Overcome.”
The predominately white, middle-aged crowd swayed, clapped and held hands as they joined in the melody, filling the church with song.
Soloists also sang soulful renditions of gospel classics as SUNY Plattsburgh professor Dexter Criss accompanied the tunes on piano.
Before the event began, Commission Chair Maxine Perry noted that the program was being changed because some people were sick or, in the case of government representatives State Sen. Betty Little, Assemblywoman Janet Duprey and Congressman Bill Owens, had other commitments.
Attendance was lower than normal, she said afterward, but that was to be expected with the flu outbreak and presidential inauguration.
For Coakley, taking part in such a celebration for the first time, lower attendance didn’t detract.
“It was a great program,” he said.
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Time To Practice What We Preach
7/26/2012 By: Lisa Nielsen
At the recent Tweetup at ISTE 2012, I had the opportunity to meet with the faces behind the minds I interact with throughout the year. With smiles and hugs abounding, those in attendance didn’t miss a beat in picking up conversations face-toface that had begun online.
Those that use social media for learning understand the power of connections and attachments made possible by the platform. Unfortunately, many of us work in schools and districts that have administrators and policy makers ignorant about how to use these platforms—making rules, policies, and guidelines that keep students stuck in the past.
They shake their heads, lamenting that allowing these tools will result in the inability of today’s youth to engage appropriately in face-to-face interactions. Of course, when you scratch just below the surface, the flawed logic is crystal clear. Did phone calls or letter writing weaken our ability to communicate face-to-face? No! Are folks making deeply meaningful connections using social media? Yes! Is social media necessary for success if you want to run a business, run for office, or change how things are run? Yes!
So, if adults are powerfully engaging in these worlds, but young people are banned from doing the same, whose to blame when students are not communicating at the level expected by adults?
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Coming out of our Happylab experimental class last year, we have a book for sale here and a downloadable version here.
It features the 18 students experiments in what design might or might not be able to offer, or what actually we could add to the mix in amplifying what people do already.
We started it as an exploration, and found we had to put in our perspective to create some structure for it to happen - so we developed the notion of amplifiers - things people do already, that can be amplified by some kind of design trigger, designed activity, or designed context.
So that's what they explored. Simple experiments about the things we love to to, that make us feel connected, allow us to take care of something, make us feel like we have something to offer, make us feel like we belong to something. It's classic meaningful things taken with a design twist. Some of it works, and some does not, but it was an interesting thing to do. Some things made the students happy, like the street games session, but the early starts most definitely did not.
This area has been rinsed by civic boosterish activities and ambitions, but it still hold a fascination for me in the quest to be authentic in inverting some of the negative products of design (to borrow Allan Chochinov's perfectly conceived language for the kinds of impact design has. His new program launches very soon.)
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This family contains 12 genera and 220 species (Carr). Most of them area found in warm temperate areas in the northern hemisphere, of which most are in Asia or the eastern US. The magnolia tree (Magnolia grandiflora) has been associated with that of the deep south. It has large aromatic flowers that seem to smell like the peel of a grapefruit. Other important trees include the tulip tree and poplar (Liriodendron sp), and the banana shrub (Michelia sp. )
Woody trees and shrubs. Leaves simple and alternate. Deciduous stipule. Flowers are bisexual with 3 sepals and 6 to many petals. Stalk on stamen is short and broad. Gynocium - apocarpus. One carpel per pistel. One locule per pistil. 1-5 ovules per locule. Parietal placentation.
This family has an elongated floral axis with many stamen (bottom) and many individual pistils. This family usually has ethereal oils that make for flowers that smell really good.
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EC 2 Transferases
Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme 'donor:acceptor grouptransferase'. The Accepted names are normally formed as 'acceptor grouptransferase' or 'donor grouptransferase'. In many cases, the donor is a cofactor (coenzyme), carrying the group to be transferred. The aminotransferases constitute a special case (subclass EC 2.6).
EC 2.1 Transferring One-Carbon Groups
This subclass contains the methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1), the hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2), the carboxy- and carbamoyl-transferases (EC 2.1.3), and the amidino-transferases (EC 2.1.4).
EC 2.2 Transferring Aldehyde or Ketone Groups
This single sub-subclass (EC 2.2.1) contains transketolases and transaldolases.
EC 2.3 Acyltransferases
These enzymes transfer acyl groups, forming either esters or amides. The donor is in most cases the corresponding acyl-coenzyme A derivative (EC 2.3.1). Aminoacyltransferases form a separate sub-subclass (EC 2.3.2). Acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer form sub-subclass (EC 2.3.3.
EC 2.4 Glycosyltransferases
To this class belong all enzymes transferring glycosyl groups. Some of these enzymes also catalyse hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Also, inorganic phosphate can act as acceptor in the case of phosphorylases; phosphorolysis of glycogen is regarded as transfer of one sugar residue from glycogen to phosphate. However, the more general case is the transfer of a sugar from oligosaccharide or a high-energy compound to another carbohydrate molecule as acceptor. The subclass is further subdivided, according to the nature of the sugar residue being transferred, into hexosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1), pentosyltransferases (EC 2.4.2) and those transferring other glycosyl groups (EC 2.4.99)
EC 2.5 Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
This is a somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes transferring alkyl or related groups either substituted or unsubstituted. There is no subdivision as yet in this subclass.
EC 2.6 Transferring nitrogenous groups
These are mainly the enzymes transferring amino groups (sub-subclass EC 2.6.1) from a donor, generally an amino acid, to an acceptor, generally a 2-oxo acid. It should be kept in mind that transamination by this reaction also involves an oxidoreduction; the donor is oxidized to a ketone, while the acceptor is reduced. Nevertheless, since the transfer of the amino group is the most prominent feature of this reaction, these enzymes have been classified as aminotransferases rather than oxidoreductases (transaminating). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxal-phosphate proteins.
EC 2.7 Transferring phosphorus-containing groups
This is a rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues and others. The most numerous section, that of phosphotransferases, is subdivided according to the acceptor group which may be an alcohol group (EC 2.7.1), a carboxy group (EC 2.7.2), a nitrogenous group such as that of creatine (EC 2.7.3), or a phosphate group as in the case of adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4). The diphosphotransferases are in sub-subclass EC 2.7.6, the nucleotidyltransferases in EC 2.7.7, and those with other substituted phosphate groups in EC 2.7.8. With the enzymes of sub-subclass EC 2.7.9, two phosphate groups are transferred from a donor such as ATP to two different acceptors. The protein kinases are divided into the sub-subclasses protein-tyrosine kinases EC 2.7.10, protein-serine/threonine kinases EC 2.7.11, dual-specificity kinases EC 2.7.12, protein-histidine kinases EC 2.7.13 and other protein kinases EC 2.7.99.
EC 2.8 Transferring sulfur-containing groups
These are enzymes transferring sulfur atoms (EC 2.8.1), sulfate groups (EC 2.8.2) or coenzyme A (EC 2.8.3).
EC 2.9 Transferring Selenium-Containing Groups
Represented by a single enzyme which transfers a selenium containing group.
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The question: Why do people see art differently?
There’s a multitude of explanations, ranging from psychological to socio-economic, but those explanations are messy.
The Cummer Museum of Art & Gardens is committed to engage and inspire through the arts, gardens and education. A permanent collection of nearly 5,000 works of art on a riverfront campus offers more than 95,000 annual visitors a truly unique experience on the First Coast. Nationally recognized education programs serve adults and children of all abilities.
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Shortly after midnight on Friday, July 20th, a heavily-armed man burst into a movie theatre and opened fire on the crowd, killing twelve people and wounding nearly 60. This latest act of mass violence in the United States sparked yet another national conversation about the need for gun control, and questions about what could prompt a person with an otherwise-bright future to commit such an atrocity. I lack the necessary knowledge (and the energy) to comment much further about this particular shooting other than to say that I obviously wish it hadn’t happened, and that something must be done to make such events more rare. I do not believe that more guns are the answer to the problem, but that idea appears to have some serious currency in the United States, so I guess take that for what it’s worth.
Such acts are incredibly rare here in Canada (especially compared to our southern neighbour), and yet Toronto has recently been visited by a pair of public shootings that have sparked our own national conversation. The first shooting occurred at the beginning of last month in the food court of the city’s largest shopping mall. Two people, the apparent targets of the shooter, were killed. The motivation appears to be related to gang activity. At the beginning of last week, Toronto was once again visited by the spectre of violence at the hands of armed gunmen:
Police sent out a news release on Thursday evening advising that 19-year-old Nahom Tsegazab of Toronto had been charged with the reckless discharge of a firearm. Const. Wendy Drummond told CBC News that Tsegazab’s charge is linked to people who were injured, but not killed, in the Danzig Street shooting on Monday night.
The shooting occurred just after 10:40 p.m. on Monday, in the midst of an outdoor street party that police say was attended by at least 100 people. A 14-year-old Toronto teenager and a 23-year-old man from Ajax, Ont., died in the shooting.
It perhaps bears pointing out that these kinds of shootings happen in American cities on a much more regular basis, even accounting for the difference in population. Canada’s violent crime rate is somewhere in the neighbourhood of 1/10th of the United States’ (in fairness, the American homicide rate is a paltry double that of Canada’s, and both rates have been declining in recent years). It would be a gross oversimplification to lay all the blame at the feet of anti-gun legislation, but I have no doubt that lack of access to firearms plays a major role in the scarcity of gun crime. As such, when these kinds of events occur, they are not simply a local matter – they resonate across the entire country.
And whenever tragedy strikes a country, we begin to search for answers. Why did this happen? How can we protect ourselves? Who could do such a thing? And sadly in this case, at least for that last question, it’s not who you might think:
Nahom Tsegazab, 19, was charged with reckless discharge of a firearm on Thursday. Police said the Toronto man was among those injured on Monday night and remains in custody in the hospital where he is being treated. Police confirmed he was the “person of interest” they referred to immediately after the shooting.
Tasheka Mason, a youth worker in Scarborough, said she has known Mr. Tsegazab for years, since her godsister met him in high school. Since then, her godsister and Mr. Tsegazab have dated and he helped out Ms. Mason with programs she runs in the community, she said. The charge has taken them aback, Ms. Mason said. ”This is somebody I’ve worked with for multiple years of his life, not to tell you he’s the perfect kid,” she said. “But as far as I’m concerned… [he's] somebody who was very intelligent, very sophisticated… always laughing, always talking to people.”
Why would someone with roots in the community, with an obvious connection to the people in the neighbourhood, who was seemingly well-regarded and destined for good things pull out and shoot in a crowd of his neighbours?
Beyond those immediate questions of self-preservation and desire for narrative, there is also an overwhelming need for justice. The people who are responsible for such destruction – not only of life, but the community’s sense of well-being also – must be held accountable for their actions. This is the proper role of law enforcement – a job made difficult by the deep distrust and antipathy that police have fostered over the years:
Dozens of people, many of them women and their children, walked to reclaim the neighbourhood, chanting for peace and at one point taking a pledge to take a stand and make a difference. The need to rally the community to come forward has become a common topic since the shooting.
Neighbourhood resident Susan Fullerton said people are reluctant to come forward. ”The first thing the police would have to do is tell the people how they’re going to help them after they talk,” she said. ”If the police is going to give people some major guarantee that you are going to be protected and what you say to me will stay here or whatever, quite likely people will talk. But I think that black people feel to a large extent nobody cares.”
I’ve spoken before about what happens when a police force allows themselves to forget that their most valuable tool is the trust and cooperation of the communities they are sworn to serve and protect. In a high-profile case like this one, there’s going to be even more pressure from on high to get two convictions, and without the leads provided by eyewitnesses, police are going to reap what they have sown with regard to the community’s unwillingness to work with a police force they do not believe has their best interests in mind.
But beyond the question of “why did it happen”, beyond “how do we catch those responsible” is a question that I am far more interested in: “how do we make sure this doesn’t happen again?” This is a question for policy-makers and legislators and community members and police and all Canadians to answer. This is a question that should be the foremost responsibility of any person concerned with public safety. And a consensus seems to be building:
Our society has created low-income housing communities to support our most vulnerable citizens, which was and continues to be a positive step. But we stopped short of providing the support needed to move this population out of vulnerability and into a position of strength. Citizens who live in low-income communities may be new to the country and need some time to adjust to their new lives and to get to know the systems. They may be single parents who cannot afford to raise their children, put food on the table and keep a roof over their heads at the same time. Or they may have physical and mental-health challenges that can minimize their earning potential. With intersecting issues such as these, we cannot just provide low-income housing without other supports. The consequences can be catastrophic.
We must resist the temptation to treat violence as its own encapsulated problem. Violence is often – not always, mind you, but often – a symptom of an underlying problem. Catching and punishing the men responsible for this crime will do nothing to prevent the next shooting. It is not as though before they drew their guns they stopped and considered the Criminal Code and decided that it was worth it if the sentence was 10 years, but not if it was 12 years. The only way to prevent this kind of violence is to address its antecedents:
Toronto has seen 25 shootings and four killings in three days, as well as other gun-related deaths in some of the most public and perceived safe spaces – a community barbecue, ice cream parlour, primary school playground and popular downtown mall – all shattering the community’s sense of security.
While police have made some arrests and are continuing their investigations, they are also beginning to implement a pilot project aimed at stopping violent crimes before they happen. It’s revolutionary in its simplicity: Get existing community agencies working together, track results and use evidence to move forward.
The model comes from Prince Albert, Sask., where the program is turning heads and getting results. Adopted from a successful plan in Glasgow, Scotland, it doesn’t involve more officers making more arrests, cracking down on miscreants or handing out more punitive sentences. Instead, it will assess risk factors in individuals, families and places to prevent people from offending or becoming victims of crime.
Aside from simple adjustments to policy (although those will help), there are formidably large and existential challenges facing us if we want to solve the larger problems facing us. In addition to acting collectively to make legislative steps, we will need to take a serious and unflinching look at what kind of society we want to build. As much as I’d love to quote this entire essay, I’ll leave you with the best bit:
For decades in Canada, when the availability of firearms was low, violence associated with the illicit drug economy was relatively muted. Now, for reasons we do not fully understand, firearms are becoming increasingly available. Drug economy violence has been ratcheted up.
So we have a poisonous mixture: A pistolized culture of masculinity. A socio-economic structure of exclusion. An illicit opportunity structure in the market for illegal drugs. And rising levels of gun availability on the streets.
There is probably even more to it than that, since society’s reactions are often one-sided. Some people advocate cracking down on the drug economy. Some advocate drug decriminalization. Some say banning guns or bullets will work, or that we need stiffer penalties. Others want better social programs.
These policy struggles, playing out in the context of fiscal crisis, are most often discussed in hyper-masculine terms. Looking for the cheapest bang for the buck, we end up “combatting gangs” or “fighting crime” while going to “war on drugs.” These amount to attempts at repression. But repression does not solve problems; it displaces them. This suggests that the solutions become part of the problem.
This issue is extremely complex, but these speculations are the start of a plausible explanation to what has been taking place in Canada for some time. But they are only a start.
Like this article? Follow me on Twitter!
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“I had a Eureka moment,” Jimi Jones told an audience at a lecture last week for his current exhibition Pixels at downtown’s Weston Art Gallery. The longtime active member of the Cincinnati arts scene had discovered he could incorporate pixels — the building blocks of computer graphics — into his paintings. Results of that breakthrough can be seen in the vibrant works in the exhibition.
Jones’ paintings defy you to ignore them. They are big, they are stridently colorful, they speak to you immediately and they need your close attention. A founding member of the Neo-Ancestralists, an African-American artist collaborative, Jones draws on that culture and a host of others. Now retired from Procter & Gamble after 27 years as art director and manager of displays, Jones grew up in Cincinnati’s West End. His design experience imposes a visual order on the multitude of ideas crowding his paintings.
He reaches back to the Old Masters even as he infuses his work with references to contemporary technology. Fragmentation of images into pixels provides artists with a fresh jumping-off point, one Jones adopts with both enthusiasm and discretion.
“Martyrs” is the first work you see. The huge canvas (68 by 144 inches) has a lot going on, its diverse elements linked by pixel-like squares and rectangles of flat, bright colors. The centerpiece shows the descent from the cross, with the martyred Christ delineated in white.
This use of white hasn’t anything to do with skin color; it’s the artist’s way of directing your attention. He also uses white in a hard-to-decipher passage that is in fact a shroud for Martin Luther King Jr., who is at far right, himself, in a highly pixilated portrait. Above him sketchy renditions of photographs from the scene of his assassination give a hurried sense of horror and disbelief. Despite these many subjects, a large proportion of the canvas is simply painted in a burnt umber color, the dark brown paint thin enough for brushstrokes to be apparent. Jones’ method here and elsewhere is to use many layers of oil paint with acrylic finishing touches.
Eight paintings make up the exhibition, including a small — for this artist! — study (24 by 36 inches) for “Hoods in the Hood.” Jones has said the artist Hans Hofmann is the person he would most like to have studied with, and Hofmann’s famous push-pull use of color and paint application is most apparent in the bars of color that virtually vibrate on the canvas of “Hoods in the Hood.”
Nearby in “In the Eye of...,” Marilyn Monroe receives the white treatment; other women whose beauty is their passport also appear. Tellingly, none of those people appear to be happy except one older woman, content and confident without beauty, who smiles with real pleasure.
Other works comment on shared characteristics of different cultures, on blatant hypocrisy in the conduct of war, on pop-culture figures. Perhaps the culmination of these thoughts appears in “In the Name of. . ,” where Jones treats good and evil as a philosophical push-pull, a metamorphosis of Hofmann’s theory of painting. Christ is backed by a gold leaf cross that slants across the composition. There’s a rabbi, an altered Confederate flag (one of its stars has been pulled up to become the North Star, Jones says), a devil you can see if you look hard enough and much else against the background of wonderful, life-affirming shades of rose.
PIXELS: PAINTINGS BY JIMI JONES is on view at the Weston Art Gallery through Jan 10. Get gallery details and find nearby bars and restaurants here.
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The French Constitutional Council has ripped into the new Cr�ation et Internet law which would disconnect repeat online copyright infringers, calling the basic premise unconstitutional. "Innocent until proven guilty" remains a central principle of French law, and it cannot be bypassed simply by creating a new nonjudicial authority.
Better known as the "three strikes" law, Cr�ation et Internet set up a High Authority in France that would oversee a graduated response program designed to curb online piracy. Rightsholders would investigate, submit complaints to the High Authority (called HADOPI, after its French acronym), and the Authority would take action. Warnings would be passed to ISPs, who would forward them to customers; after two such warnings, the subscriber could be disconnected and placed on a nationwide "no Internet" blacklist.
The law passed on its second attempt—the first was foiled by a few Socialists who staged a bit of parliamentary theater to vote down the bill. But the Sarkozy government would not be denied, and it got its way a few weeks later.
The law still had to pass muster before the Constitutional Council, however, and this was a potential problem. The graduated response program was nonjudicial, setting up a separate "administrative" authority, but it performed an essentially judicial function (not just warning and monitoring, but sanctioning). And the sanction proceedings had a presupposition of guilt; sure, there was an appeal mechanism, but the burden of proof was on the Internet user to show that she had not been uploading those Stephan Eicher tracks.
In its ruling, this was precisely the issue that the Council zeroed in upon, going all the way back to the French Revolution to stress the wrongheadedness of the HADOPI approach.
"Moreover, whereas under section nine of the Declaration of 1789, every man is presumed innocent until has has been proven guilty, it follows that in principle the legislature does not establish a presumption of guilt in criminal matters," wrote the Council. This basic principle applies "to any sanction in the nature of punishment, even if the legislature has left the decision to an authority that is nonjudicial in nature."
The court also made a strong statement about freedom of speech: "Freedom of expression and communication is so valuable that its exercise is a prerequisite for democracy and one of the guarantees of respect for other rights and freedoms and attacks on the exercise of this freedom must be necessary, appropriate and proportionate to the aim pursued."
Disconnection would appear to be a disproportionate penalty—a claim often made by MEPs at the European Parliament who have repeatedly voted to make such sanctions illegal unless overseen by a judge.
To call the decision a "bombshell" is to do a grave disservice to bombshells everywhere. The French law has been a showpiece for the recording industry's worldwide graduated response campaign, and it's been one of the toughtest such laws proposed anywhere. The Council's censure appears to mean that disconnections—a penalty that the industry says is essential—must be treated like court cases, not "you're probably guilty" administrative proceedings. That, of course, was precisely what such systems were set up to avoid, since suing individual file-swappers hasn't worked so well and costs unbelievable amounts of time and money.
With MEPs and its own Consitutional Council condemning the law, the Sarkozy government may need to drop its full-throated support for the approach found in Cr�ation et Internet—support that has been seen both on the national and European level. It could also mean the resignation of French Culture Minister Christine Albanel, who was responsible for pushing the bill through the National Assembly and who threatened to resign if it didn't pass. She will hold a press conference in Paris this afternoon to discuss the decision.
There was no grieving from open Internet groups like La Quadrature du Net, which posted its response in the form of a picture.
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By Ameenu Shardow
Ex Ghana FA boss Ben Koufie has prescribed a thesis that the best way to defend in football is not by attacking as widely regarded.
It has been a renowned adage in football that teams are better off attacking their opponent when they seek to avoid defeat as the best defensive mechanism.
But the former Ghana international and coach has offered an alternative view backed with viable examples which upon serious consideration, makes a lot of sense.
“I have always followed the adage in football that the best defensive play is to attack, everybody has heard of this,” he said during the launch of his book, ‘Principles of Modern Soccer Coaching’.
“But as I grew up in coaching I have a different opinion. I did not agree with this.
“I believed and I still believe that the best defensive play is to possess. If you posses the ball, there is a guarantee that a goal cannot be scored against you because your opponent does not have the ball.
“But if you ar going to attack you will need to reinforce your attack with your defenders opening spaces at the rear in the process. So a good counter attack can result in a goal therefore this cannot be the best form of defensive play.
“If you look at Barcelona, they are a team which have received few goals. Less goals have been scored against Barcelona in the years past because they have the ball for most of the game.”
Koufie’s thesis and more could be found in his authored coaching manual launched on Thursday.
The book touches on a wide range of issues which confronts a modern coach like player selection, preparation for games and how to boost the psychology of player to enhance performance.
The book also enumerates how a coach should prepare his team for the short, medium and long terms as the coaching profession grows increasingly volatile.
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Tennyson's well-known description of nature as "red in tooth and claw" conjures up dramatic moments in the prey-predator relationship. But nature's palette is rich, and Lord Alfred neglected to contemplate the grays, browns, blacks, greens and even blues to be found along the trailside. My interest in rectifying the poet's monochromatic view recently led me to the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge in Boynton Beach, Fla., for an introductory session on the science of identifying scat.
If any of the 15 other attendees expected to be taught how to distinguish Ella Fitzgerald from Mel Tormé, they were sorely disappointed. There was singing, however. For the benefit of the six children in the room, workshop leader Serena Rinker warbled: "It begins with an 'S' and ends with a 'T,' it comes out of you and it comes out of me, I know what you're thinking, but don't say that, 'cause to be scientific we call it scat."
This article was originally published with the title Dropping By.
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Thursday, March 22, 2012
How a Trails Map Should be Made
The Nature Valley Trail View is a beautiful map of trails in the Grand Canyon.
The map includes a number of trails, each of which can be experienced with a glorious animated custom Street View tour. If you click on the menu link you can select any of the trails and then virtually walk the trail with custom Street Views of the whole trail.
Each tour includes an option to animate a walk on the trail, so you can just sit back and watch as you walk the trail with custom Street Views. Below the Street View is an altitude graph and a compass rose is also provided.
The Nature Valley Trail View Grand is a great example of what can be achieved with the Google Maps API. I'd almost go as far as to say it nearly matches the beauty of the Grand Canyon itself.
Hat-tip: Street View Funny
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Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines
Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) was a Rwandan radio station which broadcast from July 8, 1993 to July 31, 1994. It played a significant role during the April–July 1994 Rwandan Genocide.
Widely listened to by the general population, it projected racist propaganda against Tutsis, moderate Hutus, Belgians, and the United Nations mission UNAMIR. It is widely regarded as having played a crucial role in creating the atmosphere of charged racial hostility that allowed the genocide to occur.
Direct incitements to violence
- And you people who live (...) near Rugunga, (...) go out. You will see Inkotanyi's straw huts in the marsh (...). I think that those who have guns should immediately go to these Inkotanyi. (...) encircle them and kill them (...).
- It is 7.35a.m. here in Kigali. They will be struck by misfortune, they will be struck by misfortune (...). (...) those living in Mburabuturo, in the woods of Mburabuturo, look carefully see whether there are no Inyenzis inside.
On UNAMIR, Lt. Gen. Roméo Dallaire
- [Dallaire] is working for the Inyenzi-Nkotanyi and he is himself an Inyenzi. (…) Canada will learn the news of Dallaire’s death. (…) In fact, Dallaire is the basis of this war. This is known.
- There is no end to Rwanda's misfortune. Soldiers were entrusted to a man called Dallaire (…). He showed his true colours right from the [start]. How is he going to lead these men? How is he going to lead them? Anyway we are going to stay behind a man called Roger Booh-Booh, this son of Cameroon, whom you cannot really complain about.
On Interahamwe militia
- What we know at RTLM, the radio loved by the Interahamwe, the radio that supports the Interahamwe, the radio that supports the youths of all republican parties (...), as General Bizimungu says, the youths are in the frontline.
- We have used the Interahamwe who have just routed [the Inyenzi] with stones, clubs, guns, grenades and clubs. (…) Remain vigilant at the roadblocks, wherever the Inyenzi are. Greetings to those who man the roadblocks.
On RTLM
- What type of person got it into his head that the RTLM hates the Tutsis? (…) Radio RTLM does not hate the Tutsis. It has no conflict with them.
On Hutu/Tutsi relations
- It is not only today that the PRF’s Inyenzi Batutsis want to take and monopolize power in order to oppress the Hutus and cast democracy out of the window, the Batutsi’s superiority complex has been around for a very long time.
Vocabulary/Slang used
Inyenzi, Kinyarwanda word meaning 'cockroach', used synonymously with Inkotanyi. Used to refer to the Tutsi population.
Inkotanyi, militia of a 19th century Tutsi feudal king, used synonymously with Inyenzi. Used to refer to the Tutsi population.
- "RwandaFile": Transcripts of RTLM broadcasts
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SOURCE: Super Speed Wash
Nashville area carwash strives for sustainable, eco-friendly business plan.
Nashville, TN (PRWEB) January 24, 2013
Super Speed Wash, an exterior express carwash with 10 locations throughout Middle Tennessee has recently upgraded their wash chemicals to become a "Beyond Green" certified carwash facility.
All Super Speed Wash locations now exclusively use Blue Coral Beyond Green chemicals as part of a commitment to use only products that clean and protect customer vehicles while reducing or eliminating the release of specific compounds into the air and water.
The chemicals used by Super Speed Wash are designed to minimize the impact on the environment. Super Speed Wash's carwash chemicals are free of phosphates, butyls, NPEs and hydrofluoric acid -- harmful chemicals that are still used by many car washes today.
The Beyond Green certification signifies that Super Speed Wash is taking conscious steps toward minimizing the company's impact on the environment. With the help of Blue Coral, the company is able to safeguard the environment while still delivering clean and shiny vehicles.
Through the use of water-saving recapture programs and energy-saving processes that limit electrical use, Super Speed Wash has worked for years to operate an environmentally sustainable business by incorporating products, processes, and developments that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
In addition to the Beyond Green certification, Super Speed Wash is also a certified WaterSavers carwash, which means the company prevents water pollution by routing wash water through treatment prior to its return to the environment, and by using less than 40 gallons of water per car washed (less than the average washing machine).
Super Speed Wash's computer-operated tunnel systems use only the water each car requires, resulting in as much as a 90% reduction in water versus driveway and parking lot car washing. The company recaptures the water that other reverse-osmosis rinse systems typically waste -- up to 1,500 gallons per day, per location.
The carwash company has invested heavily in Variable Frequency Drives that conserve energy through computer management of high-powered motors. Additionally, Super Speed Wash has replaced power-hungry lighting fixtures with more efficient florescent and LED fixtures through all their Nashville area carwash locations.
Finally, Super Speed Wash helps their customers do their part to improve the environment by providing recycling bins at all locations.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2013/1/prweb10350725.htm
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How does a bill become a law?
A bill is proposed legislation that is introduced in the House or the Senate. After its introduction, it is assigned to the appropriate committee and subcommittee. The subcommittee reviews the bill, holds hearings to amend the bill, then recommends approval of the new version by the full committee. If the full committee concurs then the bill "reports", with any additional amendments, to the floor for debate and final vote.
The House and Senate must approve the bill in identical form before it can go to the President for signature. The President can then sign the bill, veto it, or pocket veto it. Once signed, the bill becomes a law. If the President does NOT sign or veto the bill within ten days while Congress is in session, the bill automatically becomes a law.
How do members vote on the House floor?
Each member may vote "yea", "nay" or "present" by inserting a voting card into a voting station on the House floor. The lighted wall above reflects the member`s intended vote.
How many committees are there in Congress?
There are twenty-three committees in the House(including "select intelligence") and twenty-three in the Senate. A full listing of committees may be found by visiting the Web sites for House Committees and Senate Committees.
What is the line of succession if the President should die or leave office before the end of the term?
Speaker of the House
President Pro Tempore of the Senate
Secretary of State
Secretary of the Treasury
Secretary of Defense
Secretary of the Interior
Followed by the secretaries of other departments
What does "H.R." stand for?
H.R. is an abbreviation for House of Representatives and is used along with a number to identify bills introduced in the House.
When is Inauguration Day?
Inauguration takes place on January 20 on the West Front of the Capitol. President Washington was inaugurated on April 30, 1789. Following that, the inaugural day was moved to March 4th. That lasted until 1937 when a Lame Duck Amendment adjusted the official day to chilly January 20th.
What are the requirements for being a representative?
Must be at least twenty-five years old.
Must be a resident of the state they represent.
Must have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years.
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Time Will Run Back
Here is a splendid novel by Henry Hazlitt, first published in 1951 and revised in 1966. The plot line explores the economic theories of capitalism and socialism.
It begins in a fully socialist society in which the new leader, who finds himself in that position only by accident, begins to rethink the economic basis of the system. He first begins to wonder whether the economy is doing well at all, and how they might discover this. This sets the leadership on a path to thinking about prices and calculation, and the very meaning of productivity.
Trading is introduced when the leadership can't see anything wrong with the idea of trading rationing tickets, and shortly markets appear, and everyone seems to be better off as a result.
So on it continues. Slowly, piece by piece, he dismantles central planning and replaces it with a market system. All the while, the characters engaged in a Socratic-style discussion about the implications of money, exchange, ownership, markets, entrepreneurship, and more.
Hazlitt was well equipped to be a fiction writer. He was literary editor of The Nation for 3 years and the successor to H.L. Mencken at the American Mercury.
This novel is an excellent introduction to the problems of economic systems, and can be a great benefit to young people who are curious about the meaning of economic analysis. It is, in fact, suitable for all ages. The Mises Institute is very pleased to sponsor this reprint.
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I recently spotted this extraordinary pair of portraits by Van Dyck at Petworth. They show Sir Robert Shirley (?1581-1628) and his wife Teresia, he in Persian costume, she in her native Circassian dress.
The portraits were probably painted in Rome in 1622, where Sir Robert was acting as ambassador for Shah Abbas the Great of Persia.
Sir Robert had gone to Persia with his equally adventurous elder brother Anthony to promote trade between England and Persia and to solicit the support of the Shah against the Ottoman Empire.
He stayed there for a number of years, married Teresia, and was then sent back by Shah Abbas to tour a number of European courts in order to cement the alliance against the Ottomans.
These portraits are a wonderful evocation of Sir Robert’s pride in his acquired identity as a Persian grandee.
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We have now demonstrated that a pathological role of Notch signaling in a mouse model of osteosclerosis depends on the Rbpj signaling. Gain of Notch function in osteoblasts leads to a proliferation of immature osteoblasts and inhibits their terminal differentiation. The bitransgenic strategy in this study offers certain advantages over our previous conventional transgenic approach. It eliminates potential interline variability of transgene expression resulting from different integration sites and/or variable numbers of transgene copies. Notably, although the bitransgenic GOF mice in this model exhibited milder phenotypes and increased longevity, they recapitulated the defining feature of osteosclerosis from our previous study comparing analyses by bone histomorphometry (BV/TV, trabecular bone number, thickness, and space), skeleton morphology, and molecular signatures of gene expression (21)
. Together, our previous and current studies suggest that Notch gain of function in osteoblasts leads to an osteosclerotic phenotype with an increase in osteoblast number and function with a secondary increase in osteoclast number. The greatly increased bone formation over bone resorption contributes to the high bone mass phenotype in the GOF mice. Accordingly, this model will provide a tool for better understanding the molecular pathogenic mechanism of osteosclerosis and may constitute a platform for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Human osteosclerosis refers to trabecular bone thickening and an overall increase in bone mass. The potential causes of osteosclerosis include hereditary or sporadic gene mutations intrinsic to the bone cells, or dysregulation of a variety of non-cell autonomous factors that result from endocrine, metabolic, hematologic, infectious, neoplastic disorders, and dietary intake(1)
. Genetically engineered mouse models and the molecular basis of some forms of this disease have been previously reported (7,9,10)
. These models resembled ours in that they showed increased bone formation over the entire skeleton via cell autonomous changes within osteoblasts. Particularly in one example, Baron's group showed that transgenic mice overexpressing the naturally occurring ΔFosB or Δ2ΔFosB splice variants of FosB developed severe osteosclerosis, which was caused, at least in part, through a mechanism of FosB-BMP/Smad1 interaction(7,10)
. Relevant to our model of osteosclerosis, it is possible that the Notch gain of function might affect downstream signaling pathways such as BMP-Smad1 pathway, since interaction between Smad1 and Notch1 NICD or cross-talk between BMP-Smad1 and Notch signaling have been reported in many studies(30)
. However, these potential interactions are probably not the main mechanism for the phenotypes in the GOF mice given that Rbpj deletion completely rescues the effect in spite of the presence of high levels of NICD. Furthermore, similar, although milder, osteosclerotic phenotypes have been described in mice lacking Osteocalcin, or Leptin as well as the Leptin receptor(31,32)
. The former mice may share a mechanism with the GOF mice since expression of Osteocalcin (Oc) was significantly decreased in the GOF calvaria (). On the other hand, all of those reported mouse models revealed an increase in the number of trabeculae as well as in cortical thickness. The latter “hyperostotic” effect was not observed in our GOF mice (). One possible explanation for this is that expression of the transgene in those previous reported mice accelerated differentiation of osteoprogenitors into mature osteoblasts rather than increasing proliferation of immature osteoblasts, which is a characteristic feature of our GOF mice. Thus, the GOF mice may represent a unique model to study the pathogenesis of osteosclerosis in the committed immature osteoblastic compartment.
The etiology of sclerosing bone disorders has been elucidated recently in some hereditary diseases (1)
. Osteopetrosis referred as increased bone mass due to osteoclast failure has been associated with deactivation of genes that encode: carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), an α3 subunit of the vacuolar proton pump (TCIRG1), chloride channel 7 (CLCN7, Albers-Schönberg disease), osteopetrosis associated transmembrane protein 1 (OSMT1), RANKL and RANK(2)
. In contrast, most of the non-osteopetrosis sclerosing bone disorders are due to enhanced osteoblast activity with increased bone formation. Among them, activating mutations in genes encoding transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), and loss of function mutations in genes encoding sclerostin (SOST) and LEM domain containing 3 (LEMD3) have been linked to non-osteopetrotic sclerosing bone disorders including Camurati-Engelman dysplasia, van Buchen disease/ sclerosteosis, Worth syndrome/high bone mass syndrome, and Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome/osteopoikilosis, respectively. These genes act primarily in the TGFβ/BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. How they might actually interact with Notch signaling downstream is unclear although cross-talk between these signaling pathways during development and in pathological conditions is well described (30,33,34)
. Thus, it may be interesting to examine the status of Notch signaling in those disorders. Moreover, our studies on Notch pathological function may be applied to the understanding of other sclerosing bone disorders that have unknown etiology and pathogenesis. These disorders include Osteopathia striata, Melorheostosis, Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium, Osteomesopyknosis, Axial osteomalacia, Dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminate, Hepatitis C–associated osteosclerosis, Fluorosis, Lymphoma, Myelofibrosis, and Mastocytosis, all of which feature focal or generalized osteosclerosis.
It is well known that in certain bone disorders such as Paget disease, a benign or malignant bone tumor is prone to occur(35)
. Solitary cases of osteosarcoma (OS) have been reported in association with Melorheostosis and Osteopathia striata(36)
, and Osteogenesis imperfecta(38)
. Osteoblastic OS tumor cells are highly proliferative osteoblast cells, which express early differentiation gene makers such as Osterix (OSX) and alkaline phosphotase (ALP), but not the late marker, osteocalcin (OCN)(39)
. The molecular signature of calvarial osteoblasts in the GOF mice () is reminiscent of a proliferative disease of osteoblasts prevailing in OS. Our recent study together with those of others on Notch signaling in human OS samples suggest that aberrant Notch signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of human OS (18-20)
. Notably, those studies on OS were mostly carried out using human OS cell lines and/or primary human OS tumor samples that were diagnosed at a late stage. As such they may already have accumulated complex molecular and cytogenetic alterations. To exclude the confounder of cumulative secondary mutational events, genetically engineered mouse models like the GOF mice might enable us to better understand the possible involvement of Notch in initiation and/or progression of OS.
Manipulation of Notch signaling in the bone may offer a new option for molecular therapeutics of OS and other bone-related diseases. In the case of OS, recent studies in human OS xenografts in nude mice showed that chemical and/or genetic inhibition of Notch signaling decreased tumor growth and metastasis (18-20)
. Interestingly, clinical trials using small-molecule inhibitors of the gamma-secretase complex (GSIs), which were originally developed to treat Alzheimer disease, have proven promising in T-ALL, intestine tumors, stroke, and autoimmune encephalomyelitis(17)
. However, resistance to GSIs has been reported in certain types of T-ALL cell lines as well as in patients though the mechanism of their resistance is unknown. Hence, developing alternative targets for manipulating Notch is needed. Our GOF mice expressed an activated, GSIs (γ-secretase inhibitor)-resistant form of the intracellular domain of Notch 1 (NICD). As such, it may serve as an appropriate preclinical model for therapeutically targeting Notch signaling downstream of protease cleavage. Strategies may include monoclonal antibodies, dominant negative forms of RBPJ and MAML1, synthetic peptides that target NOTCH-RBPJ complex, small molecules for RNAi interference, and enzymatic inhibitors since they have been experimentally employed to inhibit Notch signaling effectively(40-44)
. In contrast to the treatment of proliferative disorders of the osteoblast, transient activation of Notch signaling also has the potential as an anabolic bone agent that may benefit to the patients with osteoporosis. However, this approach is complicated by a concern over the temporal and context dependent nature of Notch signaling on the mesenchymal stem cell during osteoblast differentiation(45)
Finally, our understanding of the role of the canonical Notch signaling in the skeletal biology is still evolving, and the physiological role of the non-canonical Notch signaling in this system remains unclear. A handful of in vitro
cell culture studies suggest that the non-canonical Notch signaling exists and may result from the direct interaction of NICD with either cytoplasmic proteins or nuclear transcription factors, thereby facilitating a cross talk between Notch and other pathways such as NF-kB, small GTPase R-Ras, and Wnt signaling(46-55)
. Mechanistically, our data support a model that originated from Drosophila genetic studies where Notch signaling has both canonical and non-canonical versions in precursor or progenitor cells while it only employs the canonical pathway in differentiating or differentiated cells(34,56)
. Future genetic studies in mammals may further confirm whether this model is applicable to other vertebrate species. Clinically, it will be important to determine whether and when these pathways occur so that therapeutic strategies can be rationally developed for Notch-related diseases. However, in current engineered mice models, the proportional contributions of canonical vs. non-canonical versions of Notch pathway need to be first established. By genetic rescue approaches like that shown here, we can begin to determine whether and how much the non-canonical Notch signaling in fact contributes to a specific cellular context. Only then will mechanistic and translational studies targeted at manipulating Notch signaling in a therapeutic context be more fully and rationally informed.
In summary, we report on a bitransgenic mouse model for osteosclerosis that is generated by cre recombinase-activated expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) exclusively in committed osteoblasts. These Notch gain of function or GOF mice developed severe osteosclerosis over the entire skeleton. Genetic deletion of Rbpj specifically in osteoblasts abolished the osteosclerotic phenotypes and growth retardation. Furthermore, cellular and molecular analyses of bones from the GOF:Rbpjf/f mice confirmed that NICD-induced proliferation and differentiation markers in osteoblasts were completely normalized by removal of Rbpj. Thus, activation of the canonical Notch pathway in committed osteoblasts represents one potential pathological mechanism for development of osteosclerosis. Moreover, our findings provide the first genetic evidence in the skeletal system that Notch activation in differentiated cells is solely dependent on its canonical pathway. Hence, selective targeting of Rbpj may be an effective therapeutic approach in bone diseases where there is gain of Notch function such as osteosarcoma.
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http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3126919/?lang=en-ca
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“Your word have I laid up in my heart, that I might not sin against You” (Psalm 119:11, AMP)
Did you know that the Word of God has the power to protect you and keep you from doing the things you know you shouldn’t do? Hebrews tells us that the Word of God is living and active; it’s powerful in our lives. God communicates to us through His written Word, the Bible, and He communicates with us through His spoken Word which can come in many ways. In scripture, God spoke to people through a burning bush, a still small voice, and even a donkey. Today, He may speak to your heart through a friend, a worship song, or something in creation. One thing is for sure, when He does speak, your spirit knows it. There is confirmation in your inner man. God always speaks truth, and truth always sets you free!
God’s Word also protects you. When you hold His Word close to your heart, it acts like a shield around your heart. You hold His Word close to you by meditating on it, focusing on it, thinking about it and declaring it. As you allow His truth to sink into your spirit, it will empower you and change you. It will equip you to live the good life He has prepared for you!
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Journalist St. John (Hardcore Troubadour, 2003, etc.) remembers growing up on a Rhodesian farm in the twilight of colonial Africa.
Her recollections of a mid-1970s girlhood have the engaging intimacy of Anne of Green Gables, counterpointed by the drumbeats of war in the background. Daily living was stressful for white farmers who saw the native majority’s freedom struggle as a terrorist nightmare. The author’s overprotective mother and workaholic father, a part-time soldier in the Rhodesian military forces, worked doggedly to secure Rainbow’s End Farm against an apocalypse that was, in retrospect, inevitable. Yet St. John nostalgically evokes her deep attachments to a bevy of animal companions, including a warthog named Beauty and an eight-foot python, and beautifully describes the harrowing birth during an epic African rainstorm of the stallion colt she’d wished for her entire life. Such timeless events can make politics seem trivial, if only for a moment. But less than ten pages after the colt’s arrival, the author is telling us about the .38 revolver she was given to keep in the car in case of an ambush. Her father also explained to her that landmines could be hidden under cow dung. St. John took refuge by mentally fleeing the whole situation whenever possible. Nonetheless, she was sensitive to—and portrays here in revealing detail—the nuances of manners and protocols practiced between whites and Africans, particularly as they slowly began to unravel in the ratcheting tension. Ultimately, her parents’ marriage unraveled as well. The family’s departure from Rainbow’s End when the author was 17 gives the book its heartbreaking dénouement. “In war and sometimes in marriage,” St. John reflects, “you start out on the right side, then history moves on and you’re on the wrong side.”
Articulates a dream and a love of Africa that makes Zimbabwe’s fate under Robert Mugabe seem all the more crueler.
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http://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/lauren-st-john/rainbows-end-3/print/
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