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Management Learning introduces the context and history of management learning and offers a critical framework within which the key debates can be understood. The book also provides an incisive discussion of the values and purpose inherent in the practice and theory of management learning, and charts the diverse external factors influencing and directing the processes of learning. The volume concludes with a look forward towards the future reconstruction of the field.
Chapter 8: Management Learning as Discourse
Management Learning as Discourse
The purpose of this chapter is twofold. We wish first to argue that the study of management learning can be significantly enhanced by the discourse analysis of its language — of the various spoken and written language texts which constitute management learning. We shall advocate more specifically the use in teaching, research and the practice of managing, of one particular method of discourse analysis which is known as critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1992a, 1995). Our second purpose is to introduce readers to the application of this method to management learning texts by working through an example — a comparison of two publicity brochures produced by the same outdoor training organization, one of which is aimed at ... | <urn:uuid:62e73c1c-8809-4594-a226-3be98ae0ae7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sk.sagepub.com/books/management-learning/n9.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942302 | 234 | 2.3125 | 2 |
THE National Wages and Productivity Commission has raised the minimum wage in the Caraga Region by P15—a basic pay increase of P5 and a cost-of- living allowance of P10.
“The RTWPB-Caraga has approved the increase in the minimum wage of workers in agriculture and in the retail and service industry in the region. The 15-peso increase in the minimum wage will be given in three tranches within the year,” Labor Secretary Rosalinda Baldoz said.
“With the region’s minimum wage now above the poverty threshold, the number of minimum wages in the country remaining below the poverty threshold is down to 11,” she said.
“We are on track in realizing our target that all minimum wages in the country will be at par, if not over, the poverty threshold, by the end of 2015.”
The minimum wage rates that remain below the poverty threshold are those of the ARMM (1 minimum wage rate); Caraga (1 minimum wage rate in plantation agriculture); Region 8 (2 minimum wage rates); Region 5 (1 minimum wage rate); Region 4-B (3 minimum wage rates); Region 4-A (1 minimum wage rate); Region 1 (1 minimum wage rate); and Region 1 (1 minimum wage rate).
Baldoz said that the Regional Wage Board in the Caraga Region had determined that there was a need to provide workers with immediate economic relief by providing increase in the basic wage without impairing business viability.
“Through Wage Order RBXIII-13, RTWPB Caraga has simplified the wage structure of the region and adjusted the minimum wage rates above the poverty threshold,” she said. | <urn:uuid:46963a06-29f3-4c25-9bfb-d039f87cbb64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.manilastandard.net/news/main-stories/171688/minimum-wage-raised-in-caraga.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.911673 | 355 | 1.914063 | 2 |
A specific cell type plays a key role in maintaining healthy
arteries after inflammation, researchers have found. It’s a discovery that
could provide treatment options for cardiovascular disease — one of the
leading causes of death in North America.
Researchers from the University of Toronto have found
that a specific cell type plays a key role in maintaining healthy arteries
after inflammation. It’s a discovery that could provide treatment options for
cardiovascular disease — one of the leading causes of death in Canada.
The researchers found that a specific type of tissue
macrophage, a group of white blood cells that defend against infection, are
created and operate separately from other macrophages that come from the bone
marrow. Unlike bone marrow macrophages, these cells live in the outer layer of
the arterial wall, can self-replicate and help to heal the vessel after
“We’ve discovered that a group of macrophages are
created when the embryo is developing, before the bone marrow is
functioning,” said Clinton Robbins, a professor in the Faculty of
Medicine’s Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology.
“These macrophages can self-replicate and likely regulate the normal
function of our arteries. This is a fundamental biological discovery that could
play an important role in many cardiovascular diseases.”
The journal Nature Immunology published the
results of the study today.
Robbins and his team found that during infection these
self-replicating macrophages leave the arterial wall, while macrophages from
the bone marrow come in and engulf the bacteria. The team thinks that once
inflammation resolves, the self-renewing macrophages return to heal the damaged
Using a special tagging system, they accurately traced
where the macrophages were coming from.
“Previously, we couldn’t identify one macrophage
from another because we were limited by technology,” said Robbins, who is
also the Peter Munk Chair of Aortic Disease Research in the Toronto General
Research Institute at University Health Network. “Now we can see exactly
where they’re coming from and where they’re going. Our job now is to get a
better understanding of what these different macrophage populations are
Next, the researchers will study how these resident
macrophages interact with their tissue environment and exactly what role they
might play in cardiovascular disease. By understanding the relationship between
the different cell types, they hope to target inflammation caused by infection
or atherosclerosis more effectively.
“We know that while bone marrow macrophages remove
bacteria, they can also cause atherosclerosis by entering the arterial wall and
multiplying,” said Rickvinder Besla, graduate student and co-lead author.
“In the old model, you might try to shut the bone marrow response down,
but this leaves the patient immunosuppressed. Our new model suggests we could
possibly reduce inflammation by boosting the activity of these self-replicating
Robbins acknowledges that there’s still a lot to learn
about the complexity of these macrophages and how they interact with their
environment and other cells.
“Arteries are more than tubes that shuttle blood
around. They create a complex and dynamic network that reacts to inflammation
and disease in different ways. We’re excited to figure out another piece of
this puzzle and how we might target cardiovascular disease in the future.”
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Amidst a looming wine shortage, the South African wine industry needs an upward price adjustment to ensure sustainable supply going forward.
The industry body Vinpro reported in its official annual Wine Harvest Report 2018 that wine grape production is at 1 220 920 tonnes nearly 15% down compared to 2017, which translates into 170 million litres less wine produced in 2018.
The decline in wine production can be attributed to a prolonged drought, a decline in area under wine grapes and frost damage in some areas.
“The South African wine industry in 2017 sold 447 million litres of wine in the local market and exported 448 million, in total 895 million litres which represent a 3.5% increase in total sales compared to 2016. The challenge for 2018 will be that the combination of lower production and stock levels that have reached equilibrium does imply a significant shortage of wine to service the local and export markets at 2017 levels,” says Rico Basson, managing director of Vinpro.
Profitability under pressure
“After years of financial pressure, wine producers need a significant income adjustment of close to 30% to ensure a more viable and sustainable environment. At the moment they on average earn a meagre 1% return on investment, which does not justify the establishment of vineyards,” Rico says.
More than a third of wine grape producers operate at a loss and the industry has around 25% less producers than a decade ago. According to the industry’s strategic framework (WISE), wine grape producers should receive consumer price index (CPI) plus 5% to be sustainable, which Rico says other farming enterprises offer.
Many wine grape farmers therefore leave the industry, uproot vines to make way for more profitable crops, or don’t replace vineyards. The area under wine grapes has shrunk by close to 9% in the past ten years.
“The only way to ensure a sustainable supply going forward is increasing the prices we receive for our wines, so that wine grape producers have sufficient financial means to plant and renew vines, increase production, and are able to accelerate the already significant investment in socio-economic aspects including further training and upliftment of their people,” says Rico.
South African wine grape producers are innovative and have done a lot over the past few years to adapt as weather patterns change globally. This includes making use of alternative practices and technology, investment in new, more drought-tolerant clones and cultivars, continuously evaluating the financial viability of vineyard blocks and venturing into new geographical regions.
“It is positive to note that we have in the short term already seen evidence of above average adjustment of prices at South African retail level for certain wine categories with further adjustments are expected over the medium term. What is important to note is that in an environment of short supply and with both the local and export markets as possible considerations, the highest bidder will win,” says Rico.
On the plus side, a global wine shortage does have a positive effect on both sales volume and value growth in priority export markets.
Europe’s wine production is the lowest in nearly 45 years. Spain, France and Italy have specifically been dealt a blow due to climate conditions such as frost and drought. The fact that it happened simultaneously in all three regions contributed to significant global decrease in wine.
From a South African perspective this will present the opportunity to secure sound export agreements – not only in terms of volumes, but also increasing value. Technical adjustments can afford South African exporters the opportunity to reap the true benefits of the quality we have on offer.
A decrease in volumes available for exports can also enable South African exporters to negotiate better prices with international importers.
According to Rico, as with any ‘crisis’ or external impulse, the shortage might also ignite discussions around traditional business models and route-to-market. “Just looking at international trends, we also believe that constructive dialogue might lead to new business relationships, mergers and/or acquisitions,” he says.
“South Africa’s focus on export markets is two-fold,” says Siobhan Thompson, CEO of Wines of South Africa (Wosa).
Firstly, the industry aims to maintain its traditional markets – the UK, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Canada and Japan – whilst growing value (rand per litre). Secondly, the focus is on growing both the volume and value of exports to what are considered to be growth markets, namely the USA, China and Africa.
“More importantly, our aim is to grow the image and perception of Brand SA and South Africa as a country that produces some of the best wines in the world. By changing and maintaining this perception with international consumers, we believe that value growth will follow,” says Siobhan.
What’s on the cards?
The Bureau for Economic Research (BER) and the Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) predict that the area under wine grapes will be around 10% smaller at 85 000 ha by 2022 compared to 2018, production will amount to 1.3 million tonnes and the industry will have a deficit of 120 million litres of wine.
The average bulk wine prices are expected to increase by around 15% in the next year. “This together with the above-inflation increase in excise and the VAT rate increase, will result in significant pressure on wine retail selling prices. Consumers can expect to pay between 8% and 11% more for their favourite wine,” says Yvette van der Merwe, managing director of South African Wine Industry Information & Systems (Sawis).
The downward trajectory in wine production leaves very little room for volume growth going forward. However, the opportunity does present itself, given the positive macro-economic factors in the model, to grow volume together with value.
“Brandy, fairly sensitive to price, is also likely to be negatively affected over time as supply constraint impacts on price”, says Yvette.
South Africa is the eighth largest producer of wine in the world and contributes 4% to global production. The wine industry contributes R36 billion to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and employs close to 290 000 people.
– End –
Media enquiries: Vinpro
Tel: 021 276 0458
Maryna Strachan / Siobhan Thompson
Tel: 021 883 3860
Yvette van der Merwe
Tel: 021 807 5700
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If you are planning a tech digital start-up this year, it is an exciting time, and the project will require all your energy, at least until things are running well. Of course, you have already put together a comprehensive business plan, and if everything looks good and you have the funding, you can set the wheels in motion.
6 Things Which You Have To Do For Any Digital Start-Up
If you are planning to work for any digital startup this year, you have to analyze some factors first.
First, your business operations and systems. Hence when you want to digitize your whole system you have to carefully examine all of these factors. Then, depending on your business operations, you have to upgrade your processes.
Here is our tech-related digital start-up checklist.
1. Business Registration
This would be the first thing to do, and with the help of a commercial attorney, you can choose the best type of business registration, and the legal specialist will handle the application.
For a digital start-up, you have to do your business registrations to ease your whole monetary dealings. Business registrations are mandatory to work for a smooth process of operations and money handlings.
2. Digitalize Everything
All digital start-up paperwork should be scanned and stored on secure servers, but being a tech person, you already know the benefits of migrating to the cloud.
Data can be accessed from a workstation PC, a tablet, laptop, or even a cellphone, and that means total connectivity for everyone in your team.
If you don’t have the time to set up a secure network, your local cloud services provider has all the solutions and a few more essential managed IT services you will require.
3. Business Plan
Your plan is your direction and should be so comprehensive that it answers all questions an investor might have. An organization flow chart would show who does what, and all your start-up and running costs would be listed, along with a detailed business plan that outlines your strategies.
You might be interested in ‘marketing management. Here are a few tips for starting investing in a digital start-up.
4. Business Premises
You need a base, somewhere with the facilities you typically find in an office; consider a shared workspace for a tech start-up, which also helps with networking, as you will meet other tech people, and some will be in your sector.
Whether leasing or buying, get a digital start-up as a business attorney to ensure that everything is legal and above board.
Most tech ventures use remote workers, who come together using Zoom, so office space might not be necessary; just a comfortable setting with hi-speed Internet, and you can manage your business.
5. Business Website
Every digital start-up needs to be top-notch; your website is your portal to the client and should be professional and slick, showcasing some of your best projects.
Dare to be different, and you will attract attention; shop around the best web designer outfits and see what concept they come up with.
When you find a client who wants your version of a mobile app, it is important to draw up a project timeline and present the client with a contract.
When a digital start-up business owner decides to go ahead with a project, they expect things to happen quickly and if you want to close the deal, have a prepared contract to slide in front of the client when the time is right.
Of course, you should know a great deal about the marketplace and be very confident that you can build products that people want. Setting up a business involves a lot of planning, and if you have a winning combination, things will happen. For any digital start-up, you need proper planning for executions. All of these six startup tips will help you to plan your digital business approach. | <urn:uuid:92d32e5c-a724-4a76-bebd-ffbcde530f02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://voiceofaction.org/digital-start-up-checklist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947811 | 799 | 1.625 | 2 |
NEW DELHI, India – Officials in New Delhi have injected microchips into snakes used by snake charmers in a bid to regulate the basket and flute performers who have long been a favorite with tourists in India.
The chips, which contain a unique ID code, will effectively act as name-tags, allowing officials to ascertain whether individual snakes have been registered by their owners, Delhi's forest department chief Deepak Shukla said Wednesday.
India implemented laws in the late 1990s proscribing the commercial use of wild animals, including performances with live snakes.
In Delhi, the state government offered an amnesty for charmers in 2003 but only 10 came forward to register their combined stock of more than 40 snakes.
It was these animals that were tagged with the microchips in Delhi on Monday and Tuesday.
"There are many charmers who did not accept the amnesty and they will be punished if they are caught now with snakes that do not have these electronic chips," Shukla said.
The tagging process was carried out by Goa-based snake expert Nitin Sawant, who injected the chips into the tissue of 42 snakes, including king cobras, common cobras, rat snakes and one red sand boa.
"The idea behind this entire program was to stop the random collection of fresh snakes by these traditional charmers," said Sawant, adding that many of the animals he tagged were in poor health.
"I told these charmers to give up their profession because they are not capable of looking after their snakes," he said.
The wildlife legislation has emptied most large cities of snake charmers, although a small number can still be seen around major tourist sites in places like New Delhi, risking arrest as they cajole foreign visitors into taking a snapshot for a small fee.
Animal rights groups say snake charmers are cruel impostors who use physical abuse to train the reptiles to move to the sway of their flute-like instruments.
The entertainers generally rip out the snakes' fangs and feed them milk, meaning the animals are unable to catch prey and die when returned to their natural habitat. | <urn:uuid:13255f02-ad22-4440-858a-598a71ce43a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foxnews.com/science/india-microtags-snakes-to-snare-illegal-snake-charmers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973704 | 436 | 1.984375 | 2 |
What Is QUEST?
The UofT QUEST research program investigators are a dynamic group of researchers recognized as national and international leaders in setting and changing transfusion practice. The investigators each contribute a specific area of expertise and knowledge to the research program within its three research themes.
QUEST receives funding support from Canadian Blood Services through the Transfusion Medicine Research Program Support Award. Learn more about this award. | <urn:uuid:989318e1-f6be-4226-af05-aa29fba117d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.transfusionquest.ca/about-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.915525 | 80 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Fat pets 肥胖的宠物
Vocabulary: health and diet 词汇: 健康与饮食
Can you resist the pleading eyes of a cat keen on the piece of ham you're just about to eat? I can't, and this is bad news for my cat Freddy. He is getting very fat.
More than 18 million of the UK's pets could have a premature death because of their diet, the vet charity PDSA warns. Owners like me, wanting to please their animals by giving them fast food, crisps and cakes end up doing them more harm than good.
Like people, animals can suffer from obesity-related conditions such as arthritis, diabetes and heart disease. Breathing difficulties made Phillip Howse take his mother's fat cat Jesse to the PDSA clinic in South London. He said the animal sounded "as if snoring when awake".
According to Howse, his elderly mother is too soft with her pet, which keeps meowing in the kitchen till it gets its treats. He tells his mother she "has to be cruel to be kind" if she wants to keep the cat for a long time.
But there's hope for poor Jesse. Last year, the charity chose 16 obese pets to try its six-month diet and fitness regime. In total, the pets lost a combined weight of 57kg. The slimming champion was a dog, Ruby. It went from 9.1kg to a healthier 6.2kg.
The way we treat our animals may be a reflection of the way we treat ourselves. According to the PDSA's Elaine Pendlebury, studies have suggested that overweight owners are twice as likely to feed their pets table scraps. And they end up with overweight animals.
Regular exercise is good for humans and pets. The charity's website suggests that dog owners run and play games like 'fetch' with their pets, but advises against throwing sticks as these might end up hurting the dog's mouth.
Cat owners should set time aside to play with their pets regularly and encourage them to 'work' for their meals, by using toys that release food when pushed around.
My own cat Freddy's diet and exercise plan starts on Monday and so does mine. Because it's not really the pet who opens the tin of biscuits. Both of us have to learn how to feel like "the cat that got the cream" - without really getting any cream.
Glossary 词汇表 （点击单词收听发音）
- premature death早逝，过早死亡
- vet (veterinary)兽医
- fast food快餐
- obesity-related condition同肥胖症有关的疾病
- heart disease心脏疾病 | <urn:uuid:a1131d95-11cf-498e-bed7-1d342f50cff5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/bbc/tae/2014-02/25/content_17303110.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961054 | 703 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Respond to this
Do children with obese parents, that are inactive with unhealthy lifestyles, compared to children with active and healthy parents, have a lower BMI in six months? The (P) would be the children (I) activity level and diet (C) obese parents versus non-obese parents (O) BMI in 6 months.
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· Explain your specific research approach (qualitative or quantitative) and how it has the potential to answer your research question.
The quantitative approach is tested involving research of a large group sample with less time for collecting evidence or data. It is based on an actual measurement, amount, and extent (length of time) such as 3 months, 6 months, or a year. When researching the The quantitative approach is due to tracking the BMI of children in a six month time frame based on the lifestyles their exposed to and the diet choices they have available. Initially, I would need to obtain the weight of the children from both obese and non-obese parents, and then would need to do a comparison in 3 months and again in 6 months to have statistics to compare.
· Discuss you data collection method, addressing strengths and identifying one potential weakness.
As mentioned above, obtaining data in a 3 month and 6 month time frame, would be a reliability approach in regards to the test-retest reliability. Obtaining data in 3 months and then comparing the data again in 6 months will be able to show a comparison of the weight. As mentioned by Polit and Beck, structured observation occurs based on the researcher and where, at what time, with which participants, and in what circumstances, and they use standard procedure for specific goals (2017). The strength of this study would be the accuracy of measuring the weight of the participants and comparing in the 3 and 6 month mark. The one potential weakness though in researching this would be the behavioral changes of an individual knowing that their being evaluated. For example, the obese individual may not drink as much soda or be a bit more active than if they know they are being observed.
· Identify the actions you are proposing that will help ensure that quality data may be produced by your EBP project.
With the data being collected and compared, actions being proposed are healthier eating habits and increasing physical activity in order to decrease weight and reduce the risk of modifiable illnesses in children to prevent chronic issues from occurring at a younger age. By obtaining the weight of the parents and children, it would be beneficial to explain the reasoning behind the research and share that information with the parents in order for the changes to begin. Children are not aware of the effects of unhealthy eating and limited activity. Once the data is collected and compared, parents might be able to realize the changes that need to be made and the information is shared by a table or graph. In order to get past barriers, strategies need to be aimed at instilling an appreciation for EBP, increasing knowledge, developing necessary skills, and changing behaviors (Dang and Dearholt, 2017). | <urn:uuid:07049cd6-6251-46c2-bd43-b5e90a6e5a2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geekytutors.com/week-5-1-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951801 | 670 | 2.4375 | 2 |
10 Books About How To Open A Boutique
Many people want to know how to open a boutique. As a the owner of a wholesale business in the USA I can tell you that I get many calls and emails from people that want to start their own shop. The following 10 books offer a great deal of information for those looking to operate their own fashion boutique.
Many of us dream of opening our own business but don’t know where to start. Opening a boutique is no different. It’s a very complicated process to find and lease a space, get inventory, and market your store. Thankfully, there exists plenty of information to help you get started. Many people who now own very successful boutiques and other businesses have gone on to write books that guide those of us that are just starting out. Below are 10 such books. These 10 books are meant to guide the business newbie through opening a boutique or other small business.
Opening a Boutique Guide: How to Start your own Unique Clothing Boutique
This book is written by Briana Steward, an owner of a popular boutique. She goes through all the reasons for opening a boutique as well as what it takes to do so. She focuses a lot on opening a boutique without a lot of money, less than perfect credit, or industry connections.
Opening a Boutique Guide, Book 2
In this follow up to book 1, Briana Steward goes much more in depth. She offers tips on acquiring start up capital, acquiring initial inventory, finding and leasing the right space, and locating and sourcing suppliers and materials. This book along with the previous one is a must for anyone that is considering starting a boutique.
There’s a Business in Every Woman
This book focuses on the general aspects of owning a business, such as the process of starting one and how to come up with a solid business plan. Written by Ann M. Holmes, this book focuses on women starting businesses. Holmes draws on her experience as well as the experiences of over 80 woman in this book, and puts forth a seven stage plan to help woman open and run businesses.
Business Boutique: A Woman’s Guide for Making Money Doing What She Loves
Like the previous entry, this book is aimed at women who want to start their own business. The author, Christy Wright, helps readers create a step by step business plan to start and grow a business. It also focuses on time management, taxes, and finding a good life/work balance.
The Ultimate Boutique Handbook
Written by Emily A. Benson, a business owner that came into prominence with The Fashion Truck, this book is a comprehensive guide on opening a boutique. With over a decade of experience, Emily Benson speaks with authority on subject such as defining and attracting your target market and how to decide on products for your boutique and where to get them.
The Young Entrepreneur’s Guide to Starting and Running a Business
In this book, Steve Mariotti shares stories of young entrepreneurs who have started and are currently running very successful businesses. Mariotti also covers the characteristics shared by successful entrepreneurs and gets into the nitty gritty of opening and running a business successfully.
So You Want To Be The Boss?
C.C. North has written an easy to follow guide on starting an E-Boutique, an online store for clothing. North goes into the advantages of opening an online store, including the money saved by not needing to lease space for a physical store.
50 Marketing Ideas for the Clothing Boutique Business
Alison Jones focuses solely on marketing, one of the most important aspects of business, in her book. This includes how to get free local publicity, how to effectively deal with customer complaints, and how to use Youtube to drive traffic to your store.
The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Starting and Running a Retail Store
The Complete Idiot’s Guide books are popular for their plain speak and upfront nature. In this addition to the series, James E. Dion uses his decades of experience to outline every aspect of owning and running a retail business. A must for any retail business owner.
Business Owner’s Compendium
Joe Solari, the author, intended this book to be an encyclopedia of knowledge for any business owner. This book extensively goes over the theory of starting, owning, and operating a business. Everything from marketing, to contracts, to risk assessment is covered here. There’s no doubt this book is what you will refer to most often.
With these books at your side, opening your business will be easier than ever. Through hard work and persistence you can succeed in this highly competitive world. So pick up your copy of these books, and read up. Nothing is more useful than information.
Good luck with your new venture! I would be happy to supply you with wholesale merchandise once you get your business going. | <urn:uuid:28e698e0-86f7-42c6-babc-0ebbcf88ead0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://closeoutexplosion.com/products/10-books-about-how-to-open-a-boutique | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949093 | 1,001 | 1.945313 | 2 |
IT operations can best be described as the process of keeping technology and the users who rely on it healthy and happy. This can include server administration, desktop support, network engineering, or some other element that involves what’s termed “keeping the lights on.”
This type of work often requires little formal education and can be a perfect career for people who enjoy self-training, getting hands-on experience with real-world problems, solving issues, helping others and engaging in perfectionism (there’s no such thing as a perfect systems environment out there, but we can try get as close as possible).
However, there are some stipulations to make the best of the career and keep your priorities – and sanity – intact. They may not all be pleasant, nor easy to stick to, but these are concrete truths anyone working in the field will have to accept and come to terms with in order to survive the experience.
1.You can’t please everyone all the time
This one may be obvious, but it’s also the most important fact to keep in mind.
I have never seen an organization that had IT operations folks sitting around playing solitaire (well, OK, they may play solitaire but usually for stress relief or to unwind during lunch). Simply put, any given IT workload is usually going to run about 125-150% over capacity, on an average basis. There are system or user problems to fix, devices to patch, software and servers to upgrade, documentation to write, accounts to administer, parts/supplies to obtain. The list is endless.
So too can the requests. At any given moment there may be five, seven, or even more things you “should” be doing (depending on who’s asking) but the uncomfortable reality is that you’re not going to keep everyone – or everything – consistently happy. You’re not going to be everyone’s friend. My advice: focus on pleasing your boss first, then arrange the other requests accordingly.
2.You have to be able to prioritize
Prioritization means working on the higher value items as consistently and frequently as possible, at least where your schedule permits.
Without proper prioritization you may well spend your days trotting about plucking low hanging fruit based on whoever requested your assistance most recently. It’s hard to build a successful career merely resetting passwords, unlocking accounts, rebooting computers, searching for missing email or any of the other relatively low-value tasks in IT operations. Granted, these things have to be done, but they can be delegated, or postponed in some instances.
You must also include some big picture items in your daily workload, whether it’s researching that software upgrade project, getting quotes on server hardware, reaching out to project stakeholders to discuss an upcoming initiative or any of the other sub-tasks associated with large scale project or improvement strategies which last longer than an hour (or part thereof).
SEE: IT jobs 2018: Hiring priorities, growth areas, and strategies to fill open roles (Tech Pro Research)
3.You have to be able to plan
Having the ability to meaningfully formulate a plan (or even just focus on, provide feedback upon and accommodate a plan handed to you such as from the higher-ups) for the next week, month, year and beyond is a very significant skill. You have to be able to look at the needs of the company then determine how to fulfill said needs.
Avoid constantly putting out fires so that you can keep track of your career course, establish goals and milestones, and adjust as needed, otherwise you’ll forever remain stuck in reactive mode, rather than developing a proactive mindset.
4.You have to be able to concentrate
This one is a challenge and has been a problem with every IT group I’ve seen or worked with. It’s become especially difficult with companies moving to the “open space” concept where colleagues work at shared tables or open rows of workstations with neither peace nor privacy.
Distractions can be toxic to one’s work efforts, especially if they have nothing to do with the tasks at hand or the responsibilities you hold. That conversation about last night’s football game in the next row can impede your concentration. A colleague’s ringing phone can disrupt your attention span. Even emails about which lunch truck is coming to the building can deteriorate your focus. Work from home, relocate elsewhere, or use noise-blocking headphones as needed in order to preserve your concentration.
When it comes to performing actual work, I suggest doing so one task at a time to retain the strongest possible focus. Multi-tasking is, in a nutshell, one of the singular most unproductive things in the workforce. Juggling several balls is much more challenging and stressful than tossing the same ball up and down again then doing the same with the next one.
SEE: IT Jobs in 2020: A leader’s guide (free PDF) (TechRepublic/ZDNet special report)
5.You have to learn how to say no
Many won’t like this one, nor understand exactly how to implement it given that IT operations is a customer-oriented culture, but building the ability to say no to superfluous, irrelevant, or just plain impossible requests is a life saver.
This may seem to run counter to the entire goal of IT operations, which is to help users, right? Well, that’s true, but it needs elaboration: “to help users with a varying array of needs in order to assist them in doing their jobs and making the company successful.”
This goes back to prioritization; if you accept every request or proposed task that comes your way, you may end up buried in an avalanche of banal activities that are less meaningful than more advantageous uses of your time.
I once worked with a development team that had a traffic light which they rigged up to a Linux server. The goal of the traffic light was to show the status of their latest project; green for “good,” red for “dead stop” and yellow for “some difficulties.”
I became snared in a permissions issue with this server which simply became too time-consuming, so I informed the team I had too many other legitimate endeavors to engage in and support – endeavors actively suffering due to my non-involvement with them – and I could spare no further time on what essentially amounted to a non-revenue-generating novelty.
6.You have to learn to be firm
When I say “be firm” I don’t mean just by saying no (although in the traffic light episode I did indeed have to state that I wouldn’t be returning to look at the issue during a “free moment” since those don’t exist), but also by sticking to your goals and objectives.
A plan that looks great on paper (or on screen) is only as valuable as your willingness to stick to it, update it as needed and follow through, so being firm in executing your endeavors also means being committed to your career.
7.You have to be able to rely on your boss
Remember how I said pleasing your boss first was a good strategy? Well, this is where it pays off. If your boss has your back, you can remain focused on the endeavors you need to achieve. When the prior two steps fail and saying no and being firm don’t work, referring the matter to your boss is a key priority.
Even if he or she comes back to you and asks you to focus on another initiative you didn’t plan to engage upon, you’re still doing the right thing because your management priorities should be similar to yours. You do want to make sure that people don’t rely on just going above you to your boss to get what they want out of you, however; if it starts happening, you need to start a meaningful discussion to resolve it.
8.You have to deliver the goods
The prior tips are based on reaching and fulfilling this one.
If you’re not meeting your objectives, your future in IT operations – or at least in your current role – is limited. You can’t just answer emails and attend meetings all day; you have to exhibit the capability to provide measurable deliverables and achieve specific goals in order for your career to thrive. These should be demonstrable to your management chain (just saying “I kept a bunch of servers from crashing,” or “No viruses broke out on the network,” won’t cut it) and preferably part of or linked to building and developing your skill set.
9.You have to keep your skills updated
IT operations involves technology and processes which change almost on a daily basis. The Novell CNE courses I took back in the 1990s have long since lost their face value (although they did help build some good troubleshooting skills). With automation taking over, I believe system administrators will have to branch out into coding as well to remain relevant. There’s definitely no room for complacency.
While in some cases you can count on updating your skills on the job as new software and platforms are implemented, it’s also important to seek outside education or self-study to stay on top of current and future trends.
10. There’s always tomorrow
Too many IT folks get wrapped up in the mindset that so many things all have to be done today or ASAP. Prioritization helps with this one. Make sure to have a policy of knowing when you’re done for the day and what can be pushed off until tomorrow or thereafter.
There’s more to life than work: don’t skip exercise, recreational hobbies or family time. It’s not always possible, of course, such as when emergencies develop at the office (or elsewhere), but the majority of tasks on any given IT professionals plate are not immediate priorities. Remember that it’s important to pace yourself for the long haul; doing too much at once, too late into the day or night is a recipe for burnout.
Now, I’m not saying you have to magically develop these characteristics or traits overnight; plenty of resources such as books, blogs, conferences, seminars, leaders or mentors, speaking with IT veterans, and other sources of strategy can greatly benefit you in embracing these 10 truths.
- DevOps: The smart person’s guide (TechRepublic)
- Survey: Future IT pros should learn security and communication skills (ZDNet)
- Do you know how to talk the talk?: Communications tips for tech managers (ZDNet)
- 5 ways IT workers behave badly and how to deal with them (TechRepublic)
- 7 critical lessons businesses learn when implementing DevOps (TechRepublic) | <urn:uuid:86b028a1-88e8-4fec-8bc1-67c3ac99778c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-hard-truths-about-succeeding-in-it-operations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958048 | 2,266 | 1.789063 | 2 |
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Everyone knows that when Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. But what happened after?
This captivating picture book from Caldecott Medalist Dan Santat follows Humpty Dumpty, an avid bird watcher who loves to be high up on the city wall. But after his fall, Humpty is terrified of heights and can no longer do his favorite things. He finally pulls together the courage to climb back up the wall. In a surprise twist, Humpty transforms, turning into a magnificent bird, and learns that sometimes you have to fall . . . before you can fly.
No reviews yet. Be the first to write a review. | <urn:uuid:9aec49d1-bbd6-4f03-9a4c-26f41d154f3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lindentreebooks.com/after-the-fall-how-humpty-dumpty-got-back-up-again.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940008 | 151 | 1.75 | 2 |
Explore the deserts of the world through stories, articles and experiences on DesertUSA. Learn about the desert habitat, desert animals, plants, geology, people and cultures. Featured stories highlight desert destinations, outdoor recreation and a variety of points of interest located in the American Southwest. Popular topics and destinations include: Salton Sea, Route 66, Rockhounding for Geodes, Desert Wildflower Reports, Colorado River and Lake Reports, and many other desert related topics.
Under the bright sun, the sparkling blue water in Lake Amistad and its four main “arms” and numerous coves is pleasantly warm nine months of the year. December, January and February temperatures will occasionally fall into the low 30’s Fahrenheit, bring a chill to the water. The lake provides outstanding opportunities for water sports, fishing, limited hunting and general outdoor enjoyment. Ironically, the area now receives about three inches less rain a year than in the past, the result of a microclimate created by the full lake. Read more…
Grand Gulch, Utah
“I’m sorry sir, this road is closed.” The Navajo Tribal Police officer stepped from the roadblock and peered into my car through darkened lenses, as if she was looking for something. Finding nothing out of the ordinary except for a mountain bike and assorted camping gear, she explained. Three anti-government zealots had killed a police officer and disappeared into the canyons, sparking one of the largest manhunts in the history of the Southwest. Since they had last been seen near Bluff, Utah, the entire town had been evacuated. I’d have to find another way to get to Grand Gulch, where I planned to spend 3 days exploring one of the largest concentrations of Anazasi ruins on the Colorado Plateau. Photo by Greg Willis (wiki commons) Read more…
Dinosaur Triangle in Western Colorado
Rich in Fossils
We walked carefully through the graveyard. Bones, old bones, lie scattered on the ground — bones of creatures who roamed the earth 140 million years ago. We were searching the barren soil for fragments that wash down the narrow gully after thunderstorms. A thick-strata of crumbling clay on the hillside sheds bones like a fractured casket. Colorful pieces of petrified wood and agates mix with the bones and pebbles of worn sandstone and mudstone. Read more …
The prickly pear fruit usually ripens in the late summer through early fall. The fruit can vary in color. The ruby red color of the fruit indicates that it is ripe and ready to harvest. If the cactus pears are yellow or orange, they may not be fully ripe and will have a tart flavor. The flavor of Prickly Pear fruit has been described as a cross between raspberry and watermelon. Read more…
Critter Cam Trail Footage
The secret lives of animals.
If you’re looking for a fun thing to do with your kids, check out our “Break-at-Home” geode kits. This hands on rockhounding experience is a great way for kids to learn about geology, how geodes are formed and to experience the excitement of discovery when they break one open. Learn more about “Break-at-Home” geodes.
An adventure through time. Explore the route used by pioneers on their way to California. The Mojave Road lets your SUV act as a time machine, guiding you on a trail that stretches for 138 miles through country virtually unchanged since prehistoric times. Learn more about the Mojave Road Guide by Dennis Casebier.
Southwest Taffy Cactus Chews are manufactured by Cerreta Candy Company, located in Arizona. The delicious taffy flavors are inspired by prickly pear, jumping cholla and saguaro cacti. The Prickly Pear Taffy is pink, the Saguaro Blossom Taffy is yellow and the Jumpin’ Cholla Taffy is light green. Shop for Taffy | <urn:uuid:16f33cda-0b8d-45fe-a6ea-f099b2fad937> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.desertusa.com/stories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936059 | 837 | 1.75 | 2 |
Although it’s been clear that seizures are linked to memory loss and other cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, how this happens has been puzzling. In a study published in the journal Nature Medicine, a team of researchers reveals a mechanism that can explain how even relatively infrequent seizures can lead to long-lasting cognitive deficits in animal models. A better understanding of this new mechanism may lead to future strategies to reduce cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions associated with seizures, such as epilepsy.
“It’s been hard to reconcile how infrequent seizures can lead to persistent changes in memory in patients with Alzheimer’s disease,” said corresponding author Dr. Jeannie Chin, assistant professor of neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine. “To solve this puzzle, we worked with a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease focusing on the genetic changes that seizures might trigger in the memory center of the brain, the hippocampus, that could lead to loss of memory or other cognitive deficits.”
Dr. Jeannie Chin, assistant professor of neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine.
The researchers measured the levels of a number of proteins involved in memory and learning and found that levels of the protein deltaFosB strikingly increase in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease mice that had seizures. DeltaFosB already is well known for its association with other neurological conditions linked to persistent brain activity of specific brain regions, such as addiction. In this study, the researchers found that after a seizure, the deltaFosB protein remains in the hippocampus for an unusually long time; its half-life – the time it takes for the amount of protein to decrease by half – is eight days. Most proteins have a half-life that is between hours and a day or two.
“Interestingly, because deltaFosB is a transcription factor, meaning that its job is to regulate the expression of other proteins, these findings led us to predict that the increased deltaFosB levels might be responsible for suppressing the production of proteins that are necessary for learning and memory,” Chin said. “In fact, we found that when the levels of deltaFosB increase, those of other proteins, such as calbindin, decrease. Calbindin also has been known for a long time to be involved in Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy, but its mechanism of regulation was not known. We then hypothesized that deltaFosB might be regulating the production of calbindin.”
Further investigations supported the researchers’ hypothesis. The scientists showed that deltaFosB can bind to the gene calbindin suppressing the expression of the protein. When they either prevented deltaFosB activity or experimentally increased calbindin expression in the mice, calbindin levels were restored and the mice improved their memory. And when researchers experimentally increased deltaFosB levels in normal mice, calbindin expression was suppressed and the animals’ memory deteriorated, demonstrating that deltaFosB and calbindin are key regulators of memory.
Connecting pieces of the puzzle
“Our findings have helped us answer the question of how even infrequent seizures can have such lasting detrimental effects on memory,” Chin said. “We found that seizures can increase the levels of deltaFosB in the hippocampus, which results in a decrease in the levels of calbindin, a regulator of memory processes. DeltaFosB has a relatively long half-life, therefore even when seizures are infrequent, deltaFosB remains in the hippocampus for weeks acting like a brake, reducing the production of calbindin and other proteins, and disrupting the consequent brain activity involved in memory. The regulation of gene expression far outlasts the actual seizure event that triggered it.”
The scientists found the same changes in deltaFosB and calbindin levels in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease patients and in the temporal lobe of epilepsy patients. However, they underscore that it is too soon to know whether regulating deltaFosB or calbindin could improve or prevent memory problems or other cognitive deficits in people with Alzheimer’s disease. However, “now that we know that the levels of deltaFosB and calbindin are effective markers of brain activity in the hippocampus and memory function, we propose that these markers could potentially help assess clinical therapies for Alzheimer’s and other diseases with seizures,” Chin said.
Other contributors to this work include Jason C. You, Kavitha Muralidharan, Jin W. Park, Iraklis Petrof, Mark S. Pyfer, Brian F. Corbett, John J. LaFrancois, Yi Zheng, Xiaohong Zhang, Carrie A. Mohila, Daniel Yoshor, Robert A. Rissman, Eric J. Nestler and Helen E. Scharfman. The authors are affiliated with one or more of the following institutions: Baylor College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, New York University School of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
This work was supported by the Margaret Q. Landenberger Research Foundation, the Hassel Family Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health Grants NS085171, F30-AG048710, NYS OMH, 193 AG051848, BX003040, AG0051839 and AG005131.
Source: Baylor College of Medicine | <urn:uuid:5a826907-9b84-4fa4-ba3b-730f75e2c0b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://epilepsyu.com/mechanism-explains-seizures-may-lead-memory-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92087 | 1,139 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Sustainability has become a big issue in doing business in our world today. In logistics this often translates to ‘green’ logistics, meaning aiming for savings in millage that is driven, savings in fuel and savings in emissions of CO2, nitrogen, etc.
There are many initiatives in the world to create cleaner trucks and find less polluting alternatives for distribution. The cleanest transport however is the transport that is not taking place at all. In many European countries the average load factor of trucks is only 50%, meaning that half of the pollution is caused by trucks driving air from A to B. Of course, different branches have different load factors, but unfortunately that of the Fashion and Lifestyle branches is much worse than average. This is why the big gain in green logistics is in improving the load factor. By delivering more with the same truck, other trucks do not need to drive at all. The same goes for combining shipments in sea freight and air freight.
So in making logistics greener, much can be achieved by bundling, and bundling can be achieved by cooperation. | <urn:uuid:4fba2d88-f3e3-4665-a4b4-1127eea9d64b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greenway-logistics.com/green-logistics/?lang=de | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969875 | 221 | 2.921875 | 3 |
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The business rights watchdog AfriBusiness will approach the Constitutional Court if the Regulation of Agricultural Land Holdings Bill be passed by Parliament. In its current form the Bill will not pass Constitutional muster.
The proposed Bill will not only cause economic havoc in South Africa, but food security in the country will also be compromised. It will affect the property rights of all landowners, regardless of race or ethnicity, in terms of the categories of ceilings which the Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform (currently Gugile Nkwinti) may determine.
Furthermore, the Bill is so vague and open for interpretation that it leaves the door wide open for grave injustices to be committed. This is especially worrisome in light of the ANC’s most recent all-out attack against agricultural landowners (in fact, all property owners) by proposing the implementation of ludicrous land reform policies and bills.
“Politicians’ most recent statements in this regard are so worrisome that it is now clear that there is no dispute on the question of expropriation. Government will expropriate; it is now just a matter of when, and whether it will be with or without compensation. Taking these statements and the current increase of unlawful land grabs into account, it is clear that the rights of property owners are being trampled on simply because of the colour of their skin,” says Charles Castle, Manager at AfriBusiness.
Four steps are suggested to ensure that landowners enjoy a more secure right over private property:
- Familiarise yourself with current proposed bills, policies and amendments to legislation and ensure that you provide commentary when and where necessary. Participate in the democratic processes of the Republic of South Africa.
- Diversify your real rights over your property within the parameters of the current legislation. Seek legal and financial advice in this regard.
- Become part of your local community structures and organisations, such as AfriBusiness or similar organisations. A collective and united front is stronger than individual attempts.
- Support and participate in actions driven by organisations to fight the constitutionality of unfair and discriminatory bills, such as the current one.
AfriBusiness urges the public to submit comments to the Minister at firstname.lastname@example.org or email@example.com, or deliver comments by hand at 184 Jeff Masemola Street, Pretoria. The organisation also urges the public to sign and submit commentary to the Minister as the period for public comment closes on 16 April 2017. The letter with attached commentary is available on AfriBusiness’ website at http://afrisake.co.za/does-white-landowners-also-have-rights/
#StopNkwinti by sending an SMS with “Land” to 32277 to assist us in the fight against the unlawful expropriation of land. Each SMS costs R1 | <urn:uuid:5aec81de-874a-4054-8d4c-e9b44c10b5ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sakeliga.co.za/en/https/stagingradiantwebcoza/sakeliga/en/afribusiness-white-landowners-also-have-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.887944 | 767 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Everyone wants to be able to have a plan for their life. Having a checklist and expecting to hit certain milestones can give you hope and meaning in life. Goals are crucial for boosting your motivation. But with all good things, you’ll find a catch – unrealistic goals.
There’s a lot of pressure on people in today’s society. If you aspire to be an artist, most people will tell you that it’s a waste of time. That you won’t be able to make any money. Or even that being an artist is not a meaningful career path. And that happens with a lot of choices. If you want to take a break, people might say you are weak. If you don’t aspire to make millions, people might think you are lazy.
There’s so much stigma and pressure in this world that people start molding their lives in a way that matches what others expect of them. Instead of doing what they want, they set unrealistic goals in life. Or maybe it’s not even about the pressure. Perhaps it’s about them not realizing the extent of their abilities. Setting goals can be a challenging task, but that’ll only hurt you if your goals are unrealistic. So, here are seven dangers of setting unrealistic goals and how to avoid them.
Healthy Goals And How To Set Them
When people set goals for their lives, the main mistake is trying to set those goals believing it would fix whatever is wrong in their lives. Unrealistic goals are often set with certain flaws in mind. Some people might think they are ugly, and that’s why their goal is to work out and lose a lot of weight. And while working out is a good goal, you should never set a goal because you are trying to “fix” yourself. You should fix goals because they will bring you happiness in life, not just mask your insecurities.
You must set a healthy goal because you are trying to better your life. But you shouldn’t set it because you don’t like who you are, and you believe that goal will change you. That goal is set because you have a desire, and you are trying to fulfill it. When trying to set a goal, you need to understand why you want to be healthier why you want to do more. If it’s because you genuinely want to be happier, that’s great. But, if you do it because you don’t like yourself, maybe don’t set a goal. Maybe start by making peace with yourself before starting to set goals.
Healthy goals need to be attainable and measurable. For example, having “fly in outer space” as a goal might not be very realistic. Or “be more intelligent” is not that easily measurable. But a plan that’s about nutrition, physical health, or career will do you a lot of good. For example, one of the most straightforward goals you can set is to drink more water. Or go on 15-minute walks every day. Or trying to get a promotion in the next couple of years. And, what you need to remember about goals, is that you should never beat yourself up if you don’t achieve them.
Seven Dangers of Setting Unrealistic Goals in Life
Simply working towards them will do much good, certainly better than doing nothing. But this is the best-case scenario when it comes to setting goals. Most of the time, people set goals in a very unrealistic way. They force themselves to aim higher than realistically achievable. They beat themselves up if they don’t achieve everything they want. Unrealistic goals can destroy your life if you are not careful, and here are seven ways in which that could happen.
1. Unrealistic Goals Don’t Allow You To Experience Things
When you have unrealistic goals, chances are you become obsessed with them. They can take over your whole life. All you can think about is reaching that goal, and nothing else matters. You don’t allow yourself to have fun. You don’t allow yourself to enjoy life. All you do is work endlessly until that goal is met. Being this obsessed with a plan will take all your free time. You won’t have time to experience things anymore. You won’t stop taking in the feelings that life offers you.
If you don’t meet your goal, you will beat yourself down. This kind of living will only make you feel bad about yourself. You won’t be in the moment anymore. Your mind will always be focused on the future instead of experiencing the present. And, if your expectations aren’t met, that will only cause you that much more harm.
2. They Lead To Disappointment
Disappointment is a normal part of human life. But most people get disappointed every once in a while. People with really unrealistic expectations are the ones who not only get disappointment often, but they set themselves up for it.
When your expectations are too high or unattainable for some reason, you put a lot of pressure on yourself. All that pressure builds up, and when you eventually fail, everything will shatter around you. All that pressure will crash on you like a wave, and the disappointment will be too much to handle. And, continuous disappointment can lead to feeling guilty and ashamed.
3. Unrealistic Goals Shatter Your Confidence
When you set unrealistic goals, chances are you won’t meet most of them. That’s precisely why they are unrealistic. Because, for your context, those goals are just not suitable. That doesn’t mean you aren’t capable of doing great things. You don’t know how to set the right goals for yourself. And, all that failure can make you feel like you aren’t good enough.
When you see that, no matter how hard you try, nothing seems to work, that can take a toll on your confidence. You will probably think you are not enough, like you can’t get anything right. When you lose your faith, it will be harder for you to take on new goals.
4. They Don’t Let You Be Flexible
Sometimes, unrealistic goals can be so strict that you end up mapping your whole life based on them. If your goal is to work in finance, but along the way, you find you are passionate about art, chances are you’ll stick to finance. Even though art would make you happier, your goal is finance, so you’ll stick to it no matter what.
Unrealistic goals make you lose all flexibility. You will find yourself striving towards the same goals for ages, even though your desires might have changed. You won’t be as spontaneous anymore. You’ll lose out on opportunities. If you keep this up, you might find yourself stuck in an unfulfilling life, with many regrets haunting you.
5. Unrealistic Goals Cause You Stress
The more unrealistic your expectations are, the more pressure you will feel every day. You will feel like you have to reach those goals no matter what. In addition, you’ll have to juggle other responsibilities, like work, family, and friends. All these tasks combined can lead to a spike in stress levels.
When you are stressed, that affects your mental health and your physical health. When your body secrets stress hormones, like cortisol, your body is affected. The heart rate goes up, your breath quickens, and your head starts hurting. All these short-term effects can cause heart conditions and other issues in the future. And, if you are stressed, you are bound to feel less happy and sometimes even perform worse.
6. They Affect Your Relationships
Sometimes, you become so obsessed with your goals that you start neglecting the people in your life. As long as they don’t play a specific role that helps you achieve your goal, you might be inclined to push them away.
When your expectations are too high or unrealistic, you tend to spend all your time working to achieve them. And that doesn’t leave you enough time for quality relationships with friends and family. If you are a workaholic, chances are you will put your family in a secondary place. Even if you think that it’s only temporary, in reality, you might never be able to mend those relationships again. So, it’s best to make sure you don’t ruin those relationships in the first place.
7. Unrealistic Goals Make You Vulnerable
Most people tend to use unrealistic expectations as a defense mechanism. If you have high expectations, you have the strength and confidence to stand your ground. Or at least that’s what you think. You feel like if you loosen your expectations, you will get hurt. But that’s not the case.
Unrealistic expectations can make you more vulnerable. Those high expectations can make you desperate. This makes it harder to see signs of exploitation and manipulation. If someone promises to help you with your goal, you might be inclined to do just about anything for them. With more manageable expectations, you can get out of your head. This will allow you to read people better, which will make you less vulnerable.
Final Thoughts On Dangers of Setting Unrealistic Goals in Life
Having goals is all fun and games until they become so unrealistic that they are simply unattainable. In a desperate attempt to be perfect, many people set goals that are impossible to reach. And these goals can negatively impact your whole life.
Having unrealistic goals forces you to become obsessed with planning your future, so much so that you forget about the present. They set you up for disappointment, which in turn shatter your confidence. It can make you feel like a failure like you are not enough no matter how hard you try. These expectations don’t let you go with the flow and remove all your flexibility. You won’t do things on a whim. Instead, you will pass on all opportunities that don’t match your goals.
Unrealistic expectations can ruin your relationships. When you can’t make time for the people who love you, they will eventually distance themselves. Plus, when you focus on those goals, chances are you will push them away yourself. Lastly, these expectations can cause you stress, making you vulnerable. As soon as you learn to set healthier expectations, you will find that many areas of your life will improve significantly. | <urn:uuid:37fd24f7-ca9a-4050-9a73-cfb76f85f027> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.powerofpositivity.com/unrealistic-goals-dangers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959358 | 2,200 | 2.5 | 2 |
This is a guest post. The views expressed here are solely those of the author and do not represent positions of IEEE Spectrum or the IEEE.
Autonomous robots are coming around slowly. We already got autonomous vacuum cleaners, autonomous lawn mowers, toys that bleep and blink, and (maybe) soon autonomous cars. Yet, generation after generation, we keep waiting for the robots that we all know from movies and TV shows. Instead, businesses seem to get farther and farther away from the robots that are able to do a large variety of tasks using general-purpose, human anatomy-inspired hardware.
Although these are the droids we have been looking for, anything that came close, such as Willow Garage’s PR2 or Rethink Robotics’ Baxter has bitten the dust. With building a robotic company being particularly hard, compounding business risk with technological risk, the trend goes from selling robots to selling actual services like mowing your lawn, provide taxi rides, fulfilling retail orders, or picking strawberries by the pound. Unfortunately for fans of R2-D2 and C-3PO, these kind of business models emphasize specialized, room- or fridge-sized hardware that is optimized for one very specific task, but does not contribute to a general-purpose robotic platform.
We have actually seen something very similar in the personal computer (PC) industry. In the 1950s, even though computers could be as big as an entire room and were only available to a selected few, the public already had a good idea of what computers would look like. A long list of fictional computers started to populate mainstream entertainment during that time. In a 1962 New York Times article titled “Pocket Computer to Replace Shopping List,” visionary scientist John Mauchly stated that “there is no reason to suppose the average boy or girl cannot be master of a personal computer.”
In 1968, Douglas Engelbart gave us the “mother of all demos,” browsing hypertext on a graphical screen and a mouse, and other ideas that have become standard only decades later. Now that we have finally seen all of this, it might be helpful to examine what actually enabled the computing revolution to learn where robotics is really at and what we need to do next.
The parallels between computers and robots
In the 1970s, mainframes were about to be replaced by the emerging class of mini-computers, fridge-sized devices that cost less than US $25,000 ($165,000 in 2019 dollars). These computers did not use punch-cards, but could be programmed in Fortran and BASIC, dramatically expanding the ease with which potential applications could be created. Yet it was still unclear whether mini-computers could ever replace big mainframes in applications that require fast and efficient processing of large amounts of data, let alone enter every living room. This is very similar to the robotics industry right now, where large-scale factory robots (mainframes) that have existed since the 1960s are seeing competition from a growing industry of collaborative robots that can safely work next to humans and can easily be installed and programmed (minicomputers). As in the ’70s, applications for these devices that reach system prices comparable to that of a luxury car are quite limited, and it is hard to see how they could ever become a consumer product.
Yet, as in the computer industry, successful architectures are quickly being cloned, driving prices down, and entirely new approaches on how to construct or program robotic arms are sprouting left and right. Arm makers are joined by manufacturers of autonomous carts, robotic grippers, and sensors. These components can be combined, paving the way for standard general purpose platforms that follow the model of the IBM PC, which built a capable, open architecture relying as much on commodity parts as possible.
General purpose robotic systems have not been successful for similar reasons that general purpose, also known as “personal,” computers took decades to emerge. Mainframes were custom-built for each application, while typewriters got smarter and smarter, not really leaving room for general purpose computers in between. Indeed, given the cost of hardware and the relatively little abilities of today’s autonomous robots, it is almost always smarter to build a special purpose machine than trying to make a collaborative mobile manipulator smart.
A current example is e-commerce grocery fulfillment. The current trend is to reserve underutilized parts of a brick-and-mortar store for a micro-fulfillment center that stores goods in little crates with an automated retrieval system and a (human) picker. A number of startups like Alert Innovation, Fabric, Ocado Technology, TakeOff Technologies, and Tompkins Robotics, to just name a few, have raised hundreds of millions of venture capital recently to build mainframe equivalents of robotic fulfillment centers. This is in contrast with a robotic picker, which would drive through the aisles to restock and pick from shelves. Such a robotic store clerk would come much closer to our vision of a general purpose robot, but would require many copies of itself that crowd the aisles to churn out hundreds of orders per hour as a microwarehouse could. Although eventually more efficient, the margins in retail are already low and make it unlikely that this industry will produce the technological jump that we need to get friendly C-3POs manning the aisles.
Mainframes were also attacked from the bottom. Fascination with the new digital technology has led to a hobbyist movement to create microcomputers that were sold via mail order or at RadioShack. Initially, a large number of small businesses was selling tens, at most hundreds, of devices, usually as a kit and with wooden enclosures. This trend culminated into the “1977 Trinity” in the form of the Apple II, the Commodore PET, and the Tandy TRS-80, complete computers that were sold for prices around $2500 (TRS) to $5000 (Apple) in today’s dollars. The main application of these computers was their programmability (in BASIC), which would enable consumers to “learn to chart your biorhythms, balance your checking account, or even control your home environment,” according to an original Apple advertisement. Similarly, there exists a myriad of gadgets that explore different aspects of robotics such as mobility, manipulation, and entertainment.
As in the fledgling personal computing industry, the advertised functionality was at best a model of the real deal. A now-famous milestone in entertainment robotics was the original Sony’s Aibo, a robotic dog that was advertised to have many properties that a real dog has such as develop its own personality, play with a toy, and interact with its owner. Released in 1999, and re-launched in 2018, the platform has a solid following among hobbyists and academics who like its programmability, but probably only very few users who accept the device as a pet stand-in.
There also exist countless “build-your-own-robotic-arm” kits. One of the more successful examples is the uArm, which sells for around $800, and is advertised to perform pick and place, assembly, 3D printing, laser engraving, and many other things that sound like high value applications. Using compelling videos of the robot actually doing these things in a constrained environment has led to two successful crowd-funding campaigns, and have established the robot as a successful educational tool.
Finally, there exist platforms that allow hobbyist programmers to explore mobility to construct robots that patrol your house, deliver items, or provide their users with telepresence abilities. An example of that is the Misty II. Much like with the original Apple II, there remains a disconnect between the price of the hardware and the fidelity of the applications that were available.
For computers, this disconnect began to disappear with the invention of the first electronic spreadsheet software VisiCalc that spun out of Harvard in 1979 and prompted many people to buy an entire microcomputer just to run the program. VisiCalc was soon joined by WordStar, a word processing application, that sold for close to $2000 in today’s dollars. WordStar, too, would entice many people to buy the entire hardware just to use the software. The two programs are early examples of what became known as “killer application.”
With factory automation being mature, and robots with the price tag of a minicomputer being capable of driving around and autonomously carrying out many manipulation tasks, the robotics industry is somewhere where the PC industry was between 1973—the release of the Xerox Alto, the first computer with a graphical user interface, mouse, and special software—and 1979—when microcomputers in the under $5000 category began to take off.
Killer apps for robots
So what would it take for robotics to continue to advance like computers did? The market itself already has done a good job distilling what the possible killer apps are. VCs and customers alike push companies who have set out with lofty goals to reduce their offering to a simple value proposition. As a result, companies that started at opposite ends often converge to mirror images of each other that offer very similar autonomous carts, (bin) picking, palletizing, depalletizing, or sorting solutions. Each of these companies usually serves a single application to a single vertical—for example bin-picking clothes, transporting warehouse goods, or picking strawberries by the pound. They are trying to prove that their specific technology works without spreading themselves too thin.
Very few of these companies have really taken off. One example is Kiva Systems, which turned into the logistic robotics division of Amazon. Kiva and others are structured around sound value propositions that are grounded in well-known user needs. As these solutions are very specialized, however, it is unlikely that they result into any economies of scale of the same magnitude that early computer users who bought both a spreadsheet and a word processor application for their expensive minicomputer could enjoy. What would make these robotic solutions more interesting is when functionality becomes stackable. Instead of just being able to do bin picking, palletizing, and transportation with the same hardware, these three skills could be combined to model entire processes.
A skill that is yet little addressed by startups and is historically owned by the mainframe equivalent of robotics is assembly of simple mechatronic devices. The ability to assemble mechatronic parts is equivalent to other tasks such as changing a light bulb, changing the batteries in a remote control, or tending machines like a lever-based espresso machine. These tasks would involve the autonomous execution of complete workflows possible using a single machine, eventually leading to an explosion of industrial productivity across all sectors. For example, picking up an item from a bin, arranging it on the robot, moving it elsewhere, and placing it into a shelf or a machine is a process that equally applies to a manufacturing environment, a retail store, or someone’s kitchen.
Autonomous, vision and force-based assembly of the Siemens robot learning challenge.Image: Robotic Materials Inc.
Even though many of the above applications are becoming possible, it is still very hard to get a platform off the ground without added components that provide “killer app” value of their own. Interesting examples are Rethink Robotics or the Robot Operating System (ROS). Rethink Robotics’ Baxter and Sawyer robots pioneered a great user experience (like the 1973 Xerox Alto, really the first PC), but its applications were difficult to extend beyond simple pick-and-place and palletizing and depalletizing items.
ROS pioneered interprocess communication software that was adapted to robotic needs (multiple computers, different programming languages) and the idea of software modularity in robotics, but—in the absence of a common hardware platform—hasn’t yet delivered a single application, e.g. for navigation, path planning, or grasping, that performs beyond research-grade demonstration level and won’t get discarded once developers turn to production systems. At the same time, an increasing number of robotic devices, such as robot arms or 3D perception systems that offer intelligent functionality, provide other ways to wire them together that do not require an intermediary computer, while keeping close control over the real-time aspects of their hardware.
Robotic Materials GPR-1 combines a MIR-100 autonomous cart with an UR-5 collaborative robotic arm, an onRobot force/torque sensor and Robotic Materials’ SmartHand to perform out-of-the-box mobile assembly, bin picking, palletizing, and depalletizing tasks.Image: Robotic Materials Inc.
At my company, Robotic Materials Inc., we have made strides to identify a few applications such as bin picking and assembly, making them configurable with a single click by combining machine learning and optimization with an intuitive user interface. Here, users can define object classes and how to grasp them using a web browser, which then appear as first-class objects in a robot-specific graphical programming language. We have also done this for assembly, allowing users to stack perception-based picking and force-based assembly primitives by simply dragging and dropping appropriate commands together.
While such an approach might answer the question of a killer app for robots priced in the “minicomputer” range, it is unclear how killer app-type value can be generated with robots in the less-than-$5000 category. A possible answer is two-fold: First, with low-cost arms, mobility platforms, and entertainment devices continuously improving, a confluence of technology readiness and user innovation, like with the Apple II and VisiCalc, will eventually happen. For example, there is not much innovation needed to turn Misty into a home security system; the uArm into a low-cost bin-picking system; or an Aibo-like device into a therapeutic system for the elderly or children with autism.
Second, robots and their components have to become dramatically cheaper. Indeed, computers have seen an exponential reduction in price accompanied by an exponential increase in computational power, thanks in great part to Moore’s Law. This development has helped robotics too, allowing us to reach breakthroughs in mobility and manipulation due to the ability to process massive amounts of image and depth data in real-time, and we can expect it to continue to do so.
Is there a Moore’s Law for robots?
One might ask, however, how a similar dynamics might be possible for robots as a whole, including all their motors and gears, and what a “Moore’s Law” would look like for the robotics industry. Here, it helps to remember that the perpetuation of Moore’s Law is not the reason, but the result of the PC revolution. Indeed, the first killer apps for bookkeeping, editing, and gaming were so good that they unleashed tremendous consumer demand, beating the benchmark on what was thought to be physically possible over and over again. (I vividly remember 56 kbps to be the absolute maximum data rate for copper phone lines until DSL appeared.)
That these economies of scale are also applicable to mechatronics is impressively demonstrated by the car industry. A good example is the 2020 Prius Prime, a highly computerized plug-in hybrid, that is available for one third of the cost of my company’s GPR-1 mobile manipulator while being orders of magnitude more complex, sporting an electrical motor, a combustion engine, and a myriad of sensors and computers. It is therefore very well conceivable to produce a mobile manipulator that retails at one tenth of the cost of a modern car, once robotics enjoy similar mass-market appeal. Given that these robots are part of the equation, actively lowering cost of production, this might happen as fast as never before in the history of industrialization.
There is one more driver that might make robots exponentially more capable: the cloud. Once a general purpose robot has learned or was programmed with a new skill, it could share it with every other robot. At some point, a grocer who buys a robot could assume that it already knows how to recognize and handle 99 percent of the retail items in the store. Likewise, a manufacturer can assume that the robot can handle and assemble every item available from McMaster-Carr and Misumi. Finally, families could expect a robot to know every kitchen item that Ikea and Pottery Barn is selling. Sounds like a labor intense problem, but probably more manageable than collecting footage for Google’s Street View using cars, tricycles, and snowmobiles, among other vehicles.
Strategies for robot startups
While we are waiting for these two trends—better and better applications and hardware with decreasing cost—to converge, we as a community have to keep exploring what the canonical robotic applications beyond mobility, bin picking, palletizing, depalletizing, and assembly are. We must also continue to solve the fundamental challenges that stand in the way of making these solutions truly general and robust.
For both questions, it might help to look at the strategies that have been critical in the development of the personal computer, which might equally well apply to robotics:
Start with a solution to a problem your customers have. Unfortunately, their problem is almost never that they need your sensor, widget, or piece of code, but something that already costs them money or negatively affects them in some other way. Example: There are many more people who had a problem calculating their taxes (and wanted to buy VisiCalc) than writing their own solution in BASIC.
Build as little of your own hardware as necessary. Your business model should be stronger than the margin you can make on the hardware. Why taking the risk? Example: Why build your own typewriter if you can write the best typewriting application that makes it worth buying a computer just for that?
If your goal is a platform, make sure it comes with a killer application, which alone justifies the platform cost. Example: Microcomputer companies came and went until the “1977 Trinity” intersected with the killer apps spreadsheet and word processors. Corollary: You can also get lucky.
Use an open architecture, which creates an ecosystem where others compete on creating better components and peripherals, while allowing others to integrate your solution into their vertical and stack it with other devices. Example: Both the Apple II and the IBM PC were completely open architectures, enabling many clones, thereby growing the user and developer base.
It’s worthwhile pursuing this. With most business processes already being digitized, general purpose robots will allow us to fill in gaps in mobility and manipulation, increasing productivity at levels only limited by the amount of resources and energy that are available, possibly creating a utopia in which creativity becomes the ultimate currency. Maybe we’ll even get R2-D2. | <urn:uuid:787e651a-1635-40f3-af91-8ce8c8de2c43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spectrum.ieee.org/from-mainframes-to-pcs-what-robot-startups-can-learn-from-the-computer-revolution | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955486 | 3,878 | 2.828125 | 3 |
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50s focus: Leg strength
“Your legs are the base support for your frame but also are the strongest and biggest muscles of the body,” says Ryan. Training those big muscles can help save your brain: Research published in the journal Gerontology linked increased leg power to slower cognitive ageing. “Brains aged better both structurally and functionally with stronger legs,” says Ryan, although the reason is unclear. In addition to strength and cardio work, Ryan recommends incorporating sports like tennis.
50s focus: Discover walking
If you’ve been running through your last few decades, you might want to ease the wear and tear on your joints by shifting over to power walks. “By this age, many have experienced some sort of injury that has limited their ability to exercise,” says Straub. Not to worry – now is the time to try walking, especially if you have bad knees. While it might take you longer to complete a given distance, walking can be just as effective as running when it comes to lowering your risk of certain diseases, according to the American Heart Association.
The 60s workout
If you feel like your energy is slipping away, exercise can solve your problem, says Straub. Your 60s are the most important time in your life to exercise, she stresses. “Do what you can and aim for exercises that improve (or maintain) your independence,” she says. “If you can simply walk consistently for cardio, perform bodyweight exercises [like situps, pushups, and wall sits], and attend a Pilates or yoga class one to two days a week, you will be far ahead of most seniors.” Consistency is key, as is maintaining proper form in everything you do. “Now is not the time to go compete with the youth and take on high-intensity exercises that can lead to irreversible damage,” Straub adds. | <urn:uuid:3ac9b387-5eec-407a-8931-11836c53f66f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/healthsmart/fitness/the-best-workout-for-every-age?pages=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968258 | 396 | 2.15625 | 2 |
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Correlation does not prove causation — we've all heard this a million times. But we still sometimes forget it, especially those of us who buy into the promise of big data.
Try this one: if you want to predict the growth rate of email SPAM, track the market for genetically-modified soybeans.
This is just one of many entertaining correlations highlighted in Tyler Vigen's aptly-named book, "Spurious Correlations." The book uncovers absurd illustrations of the "correlation does not prove causation" aphorism, such as the correlation between "cheese consumption and fatal bedsheet tangling accidents (94.7 percent)," or my personal favorite, the high degree of correlation between "the marriage rate in Kentucky and the number of people who drowned after falling out of a fishing boat (95.2 percent)."
A Flaw in the Big Data 'Revolution'
A central tenet of big data involves searching for correlations between operational data.
The idea is simple and straightforward. With cheap cloud storage, we can now collect a dizzying amount of data related to all sorts of business processes, from the number of trucks arriving at each corporate loading dock, to the number of orders processed per minutes on any given day and hour, to the number of customer complaints received on the Monday following a holiday weekend.
New powerful processors and scalable databases enable skilled operators to mine these data, looking for patterns within the numbers: specifically, correlations between operational variables. By uncovering these patterns, big data promised to expose complex relationships to unlock bottlenecks and surface operational problems, thereby enabling a whole new era of data-driven productivity.
The problem is that these correlations are often just as spurious as "the estimated revenue from bingo games to the number of homes with indoor houseplants (89.3 percent)." It’s simply a matter of math.
When given enough sets of numbers, some unrelated sets may exhibit a positive correlation — this is called a coincidence. So while my college literature course may explain why "the number of literature books published every year correlates to the number of suicides by hanging (96.4 percent)" it is most likely a simple coincidence … (apologies to Dr. Gilman).
This leaves information management professionals waving their magic wands to determine which big data relationships are meaningful and which are merely coincidences. But that’s changing.
Machine Learning to the Rescue?
New recommendation engines use machine learning to identify meaningful correlations, and to provide suggestions about "what do to next." One example is Microsoft's Delve, which professes to "discover and organize the information that's likely to be most interesting to you right now … from within Office 365."
But these claims are a bit naïve, because despite the promise of new artificial intelligence capabilities, there is an inherent problem in discovering information that’s likely to be most interesting to you right now.
A simple example illustrates the problem:
Rita, a colleague and I work together on the Omega Project and we also work independently on other corporate projects. On top of our work responsibilities, Rita and I both enjoy basketball. Rita is the captain of a company intramural team, while my interest is more ‘couch-based,’ focused primarily on the company’s March Madness pool.
When evaluating what is interesting to me now, a recommendation engine like Delve looks at who is working on specific documents, and who is participating in social discussions. Based on these interactions, the engine would likely deduce that Rita and I work together on the Omega Project, and as such might suggest some of Rita’s documents to me as being interesting for my work on that project.
On the other hand, recommendation engines would likely misconstrue our common interest in sports, by recommending basketball-related documents, emails or discussions as well.
Distracting With Irrelevant Recommendations
The reason isn’t as serious as the spurious correlations listed above, because in this case, we are indeed interested in a similar topic. The problem here is that there is no relevancy for these recommendations. Our interests in basketball are different, plus they are totally irrelevant to our current work foci. So rather than encouraging productivity, these recommendations are counterproductive, because they are a source of distraction.
While this may be a simple and contrived example, it is easy to see how a lack of relevancy can cause recommendation engines to surface irrelevant and distracting suggestions.
One way to suppress uninteresting relationships is to use human feedback (i.e. supervised learning) to train the tools on which relationships are interesting, and which are not. These tools may take many iterations to ‘get it right’ and in a highly-dynamic environment, it might be impossible to reach a state where recommendations hit the mark.
Context Means Never Having to Say I’m Sorry
A much simpler method to surface relevant correlations already exists: 'small data’ in the form of context.
Context provides the situational awareness that can make an apparently-complex situation crystal clear. Perhaps the simplest example of context is location. Google Now uses your present location to provide highly-relevant search recommendations, such as businesses located within walking distance.
Other forms of context include people (e.g. who I work with) and time (e.g. overlapping calendar appointments).
One of the most promising context types for enterprise recommendation engines is topics.
In the corporate example above, assume I just received an email from Rita describing a delay in the Omega Project caused by faulty components shipped by one of our suppliers. The topics listed in the email message provide the context for what is most interesting to me right now, namely, the Omega Project, the component supplier and the specific customer account.
As such, a recommendation engine should suggest emails, documents and business transactions related to one or more of these topics. And it’s clear that using email as a context anchor eliminates the possibility of suggesting irrelevant content, like basketball-related emails, since they are completely unconnected to my current focus.
Of course, email is not the only context anchor. A document, a chat session or a CRM record all work. In essence, any artifact that specifies my current focus on the Omega Project, the component supplier and the customer.
Why Wait for AI When the Future Is Already Here?
Many articles have been written about how artificial intelligence will impact the way business gets done, from self-driving vehicles to fully automated factories.
While these technologies are still years away, the ability for recommendation engines to influence our daily schedule is already here. The previously-mentioned Microsoft Delve is one example. However, it focuses solely on Office 365 and it primarily uses the connections between people to score relevancy.
Other products from startups focus on using artificial intelligence to make sense of email. Yet other companies focus on extracting and matching topics from multiple cloud services to surface the most relevant content recommendations.
So, while some companies will continue to manually make sense of their own version of ‘the connection between the number of Facebook users and the total US wind power generation capacity (99.3 percent)," others will be focusing on how AI can really impact their business, by leveraging meaningful topics to help them focus on what really matters at work. | <urn:uuid:7ca6c3ce-5d71-41e5-ab16-1509bee93fbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cmswire.com/digital-workplace/dont-fall-into-the-big-data-trap-context-is-everything/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936972 | 1,499 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Digital Impressions in Dentistry
*Correspondence: Aakanksha Mahesh Dalal, Department of Orthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India, Email:
Making impressions has always been an essential part of dentistry. Due to difficulties such as gagging, disagreeable taste,
and many others, it was formal accomplished with traditional impression materials such as alginate, agar-agar, and
elastomeric impressions. Digital impressions and digital scanners were among the latest methods. The entire way of taking
classical impressions that includes a lot of stages like tray selection, material blending trying to load, tray placing, and
withdrawal, has been excluded along the evolution of classical impressions, and the act of collecting smart impressions is
much faster and uncomplicated. So, in order to learn more about the digital impression, this force was chosen. We have
considered advantages and disadvantages of digitized impression techniques vs. conventional impression. The reliability of
digitized impressions in restorative dentistry is determined by a number of factors. The accuracy of digital imprints in
restorative dentistry may be influenced by the depth/angulations of the implants, the operator's skill, the intra-oral scanner
employed, and environmental factors. The goal of this research was to see what factors could influence the reliability of
digital imprints in restorative dentistry. In dentistry, Intra Oral Scanners (IOSs) are utilized to capture optical transmission
impressions. The advancement of 3D technology, as well as the growing usage of IOSs in dental clinics, has required a review
of the integrity of intra-oral digitized impressions. In dentistry, Intra Oral Scanners (IOSs) are utilized to capture optical
transmission impressions. The advancement of 3D technology, as well as the growing usage of IOSs in dental clinics, has
required a review of the integrity of intra-oral digitized impressions. The outcomes of the various IOS systems were found to
be variable in the investigations. While the efficiency of IOS systems looks to be prospective and similar to traditional
approaches, they are not without faults.
KeywordsEfficiency, Restorative dentistry, Digitized impressions, Intra oral scanners, Reliability
Indirect fabrication’s huge success advancement to full coverage gold, metal ceramic or all ceramic crowns has been facilitated by the introduction of accurate elastomeric impression material and dies stones for intracranial and extra coronal restoration like inlays and on lays.
With the arrival of computers and associated improvements, dentistry has progressed to new levels. Digital impressions particularly resulted in substantial advancements in impression production .
A traditional impression procedure has employed to record the tooth and adjacent soft tissue in the last decades. However, there were several disadvantages, such as parametric variation in imprint materials, gypsum product enhancement, and so on, these necessitated remakes and it required energy and money [2,3]. In order to overcome these challenges, the field of dentistry developed the intraoral scanner .
Computerized impressions are cutting-edge feature that enable dentists to use lasers and other optical scanning technologies to make realistic, machine-generated recreation of soft tissues and hard tissue in the jaw. Without using classical impression materials, which some individual find disagreeable and unpleasant, digital technology collects clear and extremely precise impression information in micro minutes. Because traditional impression materials are eliminated, numerous patients find classical impressions as simpler and more comfortable treatment. The impression data is then transmitted to software and then they are used to create restorations, which may be done without the use of a stones model.
In the last few decades, digital devices have become increasingly common in dental practice. ‘CAD/CAM’ technology enabled the production of fixed prosthesis restorations using the workflow. Computerized impressions represent the first phase in the digital workflow, transferring the intra-oral state to a digital model. Because it is a vital step in correctly transporting the implant position, the correctness of this operation may influence the treatment outcome [5,6].
For chair-side prosthesis fabrication and digital impression plenty of ['CAD-CAM'] technologies are commercially available in the market [7-10]. Different IOSs become more popular as the number of companies that offer user-friendly, patient-pleasant [11,12] and time-efficient services grows [2,13].
Impressions, whether traditional or digitized, have been used to record an impression of one or more preparation teeth, including adjoining as well as opposing teeth, and also inter occlusal record relation . As a result; the impression's consistency is a vital factor that indicates the overall result of the desired restoration. Besides the clinical and operational variations (velocity of use, particle requirement, and tips size), as well as the cost (buying and maintenance) of several equipment, the integrity of the information generated from scanning, which is described as "accuracy," is the most important factor to consider. Precession is made up of two fundamental components: "accuracy" plus "precision."The capacity of a measurement to match the real worth of measuring instruments is referred to as "trueness." Perfection is characterized as the capacity of a measurement to be continuously reproduced, or, as put it another way, the device's capacity to produce reproducible results while used on multiple assessment of the very same object .
Digital intraoral scanning has advantages including real-time visibility, easy reproducibility , precise recording of the relevant fields, without any requirement to sterilize and cleanse dental imprints along with impression trays, cast filling, no model damage, quick transmission [16-20]. This system selects full arch or quadrant scanning according to the teeth that were selected for restorations. The prepared teeth, the opposing teeth, and the relationship between them are scanned. In the presence of patient the scan is reviewed, and its accuracy is confirmed .
The several factors can influence the output and precision of computerized impressions; additional development of imaging devices, scanning procedures, and screening techniques are required to improve precise specificity of implant scan body visual acquisition. As the digital technology enabled in implant dentistry, lots of commercial brands developed ISBs with different geometries and designs (Figure 1) .
The ISBs consists of three different areas:
- The scan region (correlating to upper part)
- The body region (correlating to mid part)
- The base region (correlating to the most proximal region of the body that links to the implants)
Figure 1: ISBs (intra oral scan body).
FIG-ISBs (Intra Oral Scan Body)
Therefore, the objective of the present review article is to understand the phase of the artwork of digitized impression in the dentistry, the factors to enhancing its accuracy, digital impression machines and the advantages and disadvantages of digital imprints over traditional techniques.
Digital impression system history and advancement
Models made out of impressions appeared around (18th century) [22,23]. Charles Stent 22 employed an imprint substance to design a device for the restoration of mouth abnormalities in 1856. For crowns, Sears 11 launched agar impressions material. ESPE introduced Impregum, the first polyether elastomeric material, in 1965 .
Condensation Silicone was invented; however it had dimensional inaccuracy as a disadvantage. Several obstacles were solved with the introduction of Polyvinyl Siloxane, including modulus of elasticity, dimensional correctness, tear strength, unpleasant odour, taste, and improved flow .
‘CAD/CAM ‘has indeed utilized in the production of airplanes and vehicles since the 1960s. Francois Duret's thesis "Optical Impression" in the 1970s first used CAD/CAM in dentistry. Duret designed and patented CAD/CAM equipment in 1984, and he revealed fabrication of crown in four hours. In 1985, Mormann and Brandestini developed CEREC1, the first profit-driven classical impression system. CEREC1 used a 3-dimensional (3D) computerized scanner as well as a cutting tool to fabricate dental prosthesis in a single session using widely viable blocks of porcelain material. CEREC1 is a device that can produce porcelain inlays and on lays. Mormann is indeed a current licensee of Sirona Systems. CEREC 2, CEREC 3, and CEREC 3D became produced in 1994, 2000, and 2003, respectively [24-26].
Digital impression machines and technology
There are mainly eight systems available from six different organizations, with three basic systems now in use to create digital impressions, (Table 1) (Figures 2-4):
- Lava chair side oral scanner by 3 m
- CEREC AC by Sirona systems
- The CADENT ITERO systems
Table 1: The comparison between 3 scanner systems.
|Features||3M LAVA C.O.S||S. CEREC AC||CADENT ITERO|
|Visual Technique||Wave front sampling techniques (3D in motion)||LED/Laser collection||Parellel confocal/telecentric|
|Focal Depth||Extent from 5 mm to 15 mm||Extent from 5 mm to 15 mm||13.5 mm 1:1 exact focus|
|Powder Required||Yes||Yes/opti spray||No|
|Models||Added ingredient/SLA in blue resin. One solid model and one working model||Added ingredient/SLA; not tissue||Milled/Polyurethane. Soft tissue profile,Removable dies|
|Indications||Upto 4UB, and singles||All||All|
|Export for Digital Interface||LAVA||CEREC Connect||Major CAD front end systems-Dental wings, CEREC In-Lab, 3 Shape, Standard STL binary file.|
|Articulator||Articulated; Centric and lateral excursions||Hinge-Only||All directions, attachment system to whip mix full articulator for complex cases|
Figure 2: 3 M LAVA chairside scanner with computer and handheld software.
Figure 3: Cadentitero system.
Figure 4: CEREC AC system by sirona.
Impression taking method: As compared to traditional impression techniques, the method for recording the impression is quite simple. The following steps that must be followed-
- First, make sure that the system’s software is up to date and that hold with the camera is ready for scanning.
- Second, the prepared tooth must be dehydrated and separated, and the tissue retracted with a gingival cord. Retraction is necessary for taking digital impressions because the scanner may not be able to scan the profile margin if they are not visible. After the tooth has dried, it is lightly coated with titanium dioxide to give contrasting points for scanning, increase recording speed, and improve 3D picture recording.
- Third, a scanner, synonymous to an intraoral camera, is available to scan the images. The prepared tooth and its nearby teeth are scanned from various angles, and its neighbours are created in software. The patient is then instructed to seal their mouth in maximum interception while an image of the occlusion is taken.
- Fourth, the image data is then transferred to the suitable laboratory or milling machine in the office, together with the patient’s information for the prosthesis.
Traditional vs. digital impressions
Conventionalimpression: Abutment-proper tray selection–recantation of gingiva–impression taking–sterilization–transporting lab equipment–cast filling–fabrication of restoration .
Digital impression: Abutment–recantation of gingiva-examines–digital transfer of impression to laboratory–classical design–fabrication of restoration .
The conventional impressions-advantages and disadvantages
The conventional impression, even while prevalent in most circumstances, has a number of drawbacks. Despite advancements in the quality of impression materials, the drawbacks have not been resolved, and yet there is no ideal impression material available in specialist market .
Many studies have found that numbers of dentist have forced variety of issues when it comes to creating the ideal impression, particularly when it comes to restorations. Problems such as fractures, bubbles, or poorly delimitated preparation margins were discovered after examining the impression outside of the mouth cavity; in overall, there are a number of potential concerns with making dental impressions .
Other issues expressed by dentists include the fact that a variety of conventional impression materials can occupy space, have a difficult mixing method, or induce allergic reactions or reflux during the impression-taking process. Classical impression-taking may require various materials and, on sometimes, additional stages. From the time it is taken until the restoration is completed, an impression can deform or break under specific conditions. The lab or the dentist sometimes goes undetected by all of these mistakes. As a result, the steps must be repeated, costing time and money.
The Traditional impressions also have a number of benefits, they are:
- Most doctors are unwilling to learn innovative techniques because they are habituated to the traditional ones.
- The price ranges from very low to very high.
- The practitioner is knowledgeable and adopts the technique.
- Long history and familiar use.
- Precise and predictable.
- The equipment is minimal. The procedure is straightforward and simple to learn.
- The precision of silicone and polyether impressions are widely recognized.
The disadvantages of the traditional impression are
- Discomfort for the patients (for some, vomiting is accentuated)
- Taking a traditional impression leaves lots of “dust” remnants of material can be all over the cabinet, on the gloves, on the ground, on the equipment, and so on.
- Model pouring is needed.
- Multiple steps required often 4 to 6 visits.
- More laborious technique
- Discrepancies in the model can be caused by errors produced by the integration of air bubbles.
Digital Impressions–Advantages and Disadvantages
Classical optical imprints increase productivity, creativity, and correctness by allowing practitioners to e-mail a digital imprint to the labs instead of sending a conventional impression or stone replica through ordinary mailing. Computerized impressions could also be utilized to manufacture identical dental restorations, minimizing the need for several ofďŹce visits and speeding up treatment for patients .
The advantages of digital impression includes
- Less chair time.
- Patient and dental team will have more comfortable and stress-free experience.
- Using inserting impression materials and trays with in patient's mouth, digitized impressions by IOS reduces temporary pain .
- The screening of the participant's hard and soft tissues reduces chair side duration. Steps that take time, such as filling the casts, are omitted
- Improve the impression quality for better fitting restorations.
- Reduce possibility of impression-taking errors.
- There's no need to buy spoons or imprint materials, and there's no need to store them.
- Air bubbles are not a concern with this procedure .
- The elimination of the "unclean" cabinet, as well as patient distress.
- The interaction between the physician and the patient has increased since the introduction of IOS, and the individual is much more integrated in the process and also has a significantly better treatment efficacy [30-36].
The disadvantages of digital impressions are
- The main drawback is lack of knowledge among dentists .
- The identification of deeply positioned gingival margins is a difficulty, and IOS scanning is especially problematic in cases of haemorrhage, as it might hide the prosthetic edges and cause the scan to be imprecise .
- IOS unable to of dislodging soft tissue edges or registering fluid tissue interactions.
- The machinery is complicated, though it has recently been considerably simplified, and mastering the skill requires training and experience.
- It's also not a well-known idea which everybody understands.
- The initial cost of the system is expensive, but after devaluation, becomes much less expensive than the traditional method.
- It needs long-term clinical trials.
- For senior clinicians who have less willingness and familiarity with internet and software, adapting the Learning Curve for IOS is tough.
This review article is elaborating us about uses of digital impression in dentistry. The entire way of taking classical impression has been excluded along the evolution of classical impressions, and the act of collecting smart impressions is much faster and uncomplicated. With the arrival of computers and associated improvements, dentistry has progressed to a new level. Digital impressions particularly resulted in substantial advancements in impression production. In the last decades, digital devices have become increasingly common in dental practise. ‘CAD/CAM’ technology enabled the production of fixed prosthesis restorations using the workflow. There are many systems available to create digital impressions. The method for recording digital impressions is quite simple as compared to traditional impression technique. It is a virtual scan that creates map of your teeth. This article will be elaborating us about advantages and disadvantages of digital impression over traditional impression taking technique in dentistry
Intra Oral Scanners (IOS) has several benefits over traditional imprint techniques: it enhances treatment and technician conveniences, minimizes the frequency of appointments, and increases the operator's practice capacity. In relation to traditional imprints, intraoral imaging devices can always be employed for diagnosis reasons with narrow screening with confidence. Computerized intraoral imprint techniques are still in the early stages of development. Digitized imprints appear to be such a precise process in restorative dentistry, according to studies. The results of the various intraoral scanners were found to be diverse with in investigations. Whereas the precision of IOS techniques looks to be prospective as well as similar to traditional approaches, these are not without drawbacks. Throughout the term, dentistry procedures will require use of such new methods and techniques. In the area of dental implant treatment, the digital technology for obtaining tooth imprints results to a quicker therapy as well as healing period.
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- Svanborg P, Skjerven H, Carlsson P, et al. Marginal and internal fit of cobalt-chromium fixed dental prostheses generated from digital and conventional impressions. Int J Dent
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- Burhardt L, Livas C, Kerdijk W, et al. Treatment comfort, time perception, and preference for conventional and digital impression techniques: A comparative study in young patients. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2016; 150:261-267.
- Aswani K, Wankhade S, Khalikar A, et al. Accuracy of an intraoral digital impression: A review. J Indian Prosthod Soc 2020; 20:27.
- Balwani TR, Godbole SD, Sathe S, et al. Prosthodontic Complications Associated with Immediately Loaded Fixed Implant-Supported Prostheses-A Review. J Evo Med Dent Sci 2020; 9:3394-3399.
- Belkhode Vm, Nimonkar Sv, Agarwal A, et al. Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of Patient with Mandibular Resection using Overlay Prosthesis: A Case Report. J Clin Diagnostic Res 2019;
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2Depatment of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental Collage & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed to be University) Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
Received: 10-May-2022, Manuscript No. JRMDS-22-49488 ; , Pre QC No. JRMDS-22-49488 ; Editor assigned: 13-May-2022, Pre QC No. JRMDS-22-49488 ; Reviewed: 27-May-2022, QC No. JRMDS-22-49488 ; Revised: 13-Jul-2022, Manuscript No. JRMDS-22-49488 ; Published: 19-Jul-2022 | <urn:uuid:d197e5c1-028a-448d-b433-7d400ff6f364> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jrmds.in/articles/digital-impressions-in-dentistry-92598.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.888615 | 5,668 | 2.421875 | 2 |
262. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in India 1
222636. 1. Under Secretary accompanied by Sisco called in Jha, accompanied by Verma, First Secretary.
2. Irwin said the United States is deeply concerned over the current developments in South Asia and wishes to ask the Ambassador what Indian intentions are. The US cannot countenance an Indian policy resulting in Indiaʼs taking of any territory. That would have a most profound and long-lasting effect on US-Indian relations and require the US to consider the implications resulting from such an action. Irwin said he had been instructed to ask the Ambassador to obtain from his government the assurance that India has no intention of taking any territory, including any part of Azad Kashmir. He made clear that while not minimizing US concern over Indian policies and actions in East Pakistan he spoke with particular reference to West Pakistan.
3. Jha noted that India had recognized Bangla Desh, but there was no intention of annexation in the East or what he termed a protectorate relationship with Bangla Desh.
4. Jha continued that in the West there has never been any intention of territorial annexation. However, with respect to Azad Kashmir, he could not give any answer totally free of uncertainty. He said he would have to inquire of Delhi and he would be in touch with us as soon as possible. He noted that as in 1965 that Pak forces had moved into Kashmir. He said he thought one factor which would have to be weighed is how prolonged and how broadly [based] the fighting will be. Here we had the impression he was referring to the fighting in the [Page 735] East, since he added that if Bangla Desh fighting could be sorted out quickly without new factors intervening, India would possibly go along with an early normalization of the situation. He said this was only personal speculation on his part since he would have to report to his government and get their views.
5. Jha then asked what are the Pak aims? Under Secretary pointed out that Pak aims were made very clear today in note to Secretary General accepting General Assembly resolution calling for ceasefire and withdrawal.2
6. Meeting concluded with Irwin stressing we were approaching a most serious crisis in our relations and the Ambassador saying again he would be in touch with us soon as he heard from Delhi.
- Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 27 INDIA–PAK. Secret; Immediate; Exdis. Drafted on December 9 by Sisco and approved by Irwin. Also sent to Islamabad, Moscow, and to Brussels as Tosec 44 for the Secretary at NATO meetings.↩
- Pakistanʼs acceptance of the General Assembly resolution was reported in telegram 4901 from USUN, December 10. (Ibid., Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 578, Indo-Pak War, Pakistan Chronology, Dr Henry Kissinger)↩ | <urn:uuid:af3f608a-0f25-4892-91f6-48c856d1c2bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v11/d262 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.981716 | 602 | 1.875 | 2 |
People often have problems understanding speech in noise, and this is one of the main deficits of hearing aids that our machine learning challenges will address.
It’s common for us to hear sounds coming simultaneously from different sources. Our brains then need to separate out what we want to hear (the target speaker) from the other sounds. This is especially difficult when the competing sounds are speech. This has the quaint name, The Cocktail Party Problem (Cherry, 1953). We don’t go to many cocktail parties, but we encounter lots of times where the The Cocktail Party Problem is important. Hearing a conversation in a busy restaurant, trying to understand a loved one while the television is on or hearing the radio in the kitchen when the kettle is boiling, are just a few examples.
Difficulty in picking out speech in noise is really common if you have a hearing loss. Indeed, it’s often when people have problems doing this that they realise they have a hearing loss.
“Hearing aids don’t work when there is a lot of background noise. This is when you need them to work.”
-- Statement from a hearing aid wearer (Kochkin, 2000)
Hearing aids are the the most common form of treatment for hearing loss. However, surveys indicate that at least 40% of hearing aids are never or rarely used (Knudsen et al., 2010). A major reason for this is dissatisfaction with performance. Even the best hearing aids perform poorly for speech in noise. This is particularly the case when there are many people talking at the same time, and when the amount of noise is relatively high (i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low). As hearing ability worsen with age, the ability to understand speech in background noise also reduces (e.g., Akeroyd, 2008). | <urn:uuid:781da735-8d9e-4c9e-bfee-7c187e3c0f3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://claritychallenge.org/blog/tags/hearing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956389 | 384 | 3.625 | 4 |
Corporation vs. sole proprietorship
Choosing which is the way to go, depending on the size and future of your company. October 2, 2001
After describing our future business (custom made cabinetry and architectural woodwork), my accountant suggested a Limited Liability Corporation. I visited a SCORE Small Business Association counselor and he suggested a sole proprietorship. Do you have any suggestions or guidelines as to what kind of business a woodworking shop would better functions as?
I have been incorporated and now run the shop as a sole proprietorship. It gives you more freedom to juggle money (small shops need to do that on occasion), and it is cheaper. It also does not require as much paperwork to be filed. Until you have several employees working on their own on jobs, I do not think being incorporated is the way to go.
A point to remember is that when you're a small shop, anything you do on the job can and will be viewed as a personal action on your part, thus eliminating the corporate veil. A good insurance policy will protect you more. Also remember the word "sole"--that does not include your spouse. You are the proprietor, not both of you. This will give some protection of joint property in the event of a catastrophe. Get the advice of many and sort out what will work best for you. It is also easier to borrow money if you need to as a proprietor.
Aside from the liability issue, incorporation for the small guy is hocus pocus and the above is right about transferring monies. On the upside, my accountant assures me that I am saving money… trouble is, I can't find it. I pay myself peanuts and get money out in lease agreements with my machinery. Now I am knee-deep is shells and my machinery has chosen not to exercise first option. Oh well, guess the fiber is good for the chute. Life was easier when I just robbed Peter to pay Paul. If you can beat taxes by incorporating, just do it.
I ran to the attorney for incorporation after one of my guys got into a little fender bender. He not only rear-ended one car while looking in the rear view mirror he nailed three and totaled my truck. I had so many people suing me that I was afraid that I was going to lose everything.
My insurance company, with their team of lawyers, kept everything under my limit. This lesson taught me that I don’t make enough to be low bid to get the job and then have to be responsible for everyone and the work that they do.
From contributor A:
If you have a business plan and that plan is to grow beyond you and a few employees, then a sub chapter -S corp is a good blend of corp and sole proprietorship. If you plan on staying small, then the sole proprietorship may be better.
From contributor F:
That is an interesting statement. Does California now recognize the Sub S or do you have another reason? I've not done business in the Golden State for several years, but the Sub S used to only satisfy federal considerations there.
From contributor A:
We are a subchapter S and have been for 11 years. I don't know when they allowed it but we talked about it for a few years, so I would say at least as far back as 87. We are also forming a LLC and a C to reallocate assets and shift tax burdens (reduce taxes).
From contributor F:
I preferred the 'C' for the same reasons. The LLC has become a real favorite of attorneys (for their clients) and CPAs as well. I look at it once a year but haven't felt the need lately and may never, but my situation is unique. I work now for the fun of it and working alone keeps it fun. Nevada has a nice tax situation.
We are a Sub S, as recommended by our lawyer. It treats income much like a sole prop, but gives limited liability protection. We carry a million dollar liability coverage and an additional million dollar umbrella, and still keep the assets of the corp low to avoid losing everything in a multi million dollar award. There are way too many lawyers in the world. | <urn:uuid:d4f6fa6b-5b7b-4910-bffb-7549477ac693> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.woodweb.com/knowledge_base/Corporation_vs_sole_proprietorship.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973686 | 873 | 1.578125 | 2 |
ACTA has experience with certification, analysis, part design, tool design, part manufacturing, and assembly. We are interested in design and development projects when it meets the needs of the customer. Following is a more in-depth look at our composite engineering process.
- Determine method of compliance
- Review applicable regulatory requirements and complete compliance statement
- ACTA maintains a good working knowledge of FAA regulations with an experienced DER and Certifications managers on staff.
Hand Analysis Approach
- Complete Free Body Diagrams for all structure
- Balance Six Equations of Motion
- Complete Standar Stress Checks following methods from sources such as Bruhn, Niu, etc
- Shear Flow Analysis
- Inputs include area and stiffness
- Input shear and moment loading
- Outputs shear flow
- Classical Laminate Analysis
Finite Element Approach
ACTA uses Nx Nastran with FEMAP as a pre- and post- processor.
- Experience with laminate, plate, part, rigid (RBE2 and RBE3), bar and gap elements
- Parts loaded with point loads on nodes, element pressures and accelerations
- Analysis completed for linear and non-linear static as well as buckling
- Check strains, stresses, deflections, failure indices, buckling Eigenvalues etc.
Part Design Approach
- Parts built inside of CATIA. Plies designed on the tool surface
- Composite materials defined with appropriate materials properties, thicknesses, etc
- Producibility routine completed to determine if spliced and/or darts are required
- Plies are flattened in the appropriate orientation and ready to input for ply cutting routines
- Ply stack-up definition taken directly from CATIA input
- Detail views shown with ply tables
- Views shown of trimmed part with point tables, lengths, diameters, etc
Assembly Design Approach
- All parts created in space and brought together in an assembly model to check for fit, interference, etc.
- Assembly models include all parts and all hardware
- Location of part given
- Assembly drawings include bill of materials with revisions and quantities
- Details of hardware shown
Tool Design Approach
- Master created with tooling board
- High temp/low temp composite tooling material used for created composite tools
- Tools normally include holes for use in laser placement as well as tool transfer holes
- Tool identification engraved on tools
- Aluminum tools also completed for smaller parts
- Tools include rosettes
- Trim tools created with transfer holes corresponding to lay-up tool adjusted for thermal expansion
- Position of vacuum lines and seals given for machining group
Our team at ACT Aerospace has refined our engineering processes to best deliver quality products. Learn about what we can do for you. | <urn:uuid:d85ec12d-9b63-41c6-9084-3c248b24a064> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.actaero.com/composite-engineering-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.886246 | 602 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Random single from 6-pack - Road numbers may vary
The Pennsylvania Railroad's GLa class hoppers must surely be one of the most successful freight car designs ever built. The first GLa hoppers were built in 1904, and by the time that construction had stopped the PRR had built nearly 30,000 cars for its own use. These cars had long service lives, with more than 7,000 still in interchange service in 1960. Nearly 200 remained as late as 1965. Many also went into work train service, lasting into the Penn Central era.
In addition to the PRR's fleet, thousands of additional cars were built for independent owners through 1928. Many of these found their way onto the second-hand market and were purchased by railroads such as the Lehigh Valley, B&O, NYO&W and others. Numerous further cars were built for several roads that were near clones of the GLa design.
Scaled from original blueprints
Die cast frame and floor for optimum weight
Full interior rivet and bracing details
Factory installed wire grab irons
K- or AB-brake gear installed as appropriate
Factory installed Kadee #158 couplers in narrow draft gear box
Turned metal wheels in correct PRR 12D-F8 trucks
Accurate paint and lettering | <urn:uuid:a68e630e-5e52-40af-a154-38aff9a57328> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.modeltrainstuff.com/rapido-ho-148002a-gla-2-bay-hopper-pennsylvania-railroad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982377 | 283 | 1.992188 | 2 |
The Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer delivered the first of five E195-E2 model aircraft, a new model in Europe, this Thursday. They were acquired a year ago by the Spanish airline Binter as part of the Canary Islands company’s growth of long-distance flights.
“This aircraft will be an important step in the history of our company by converting us into an operator of latest-generation aircraft. This new milestone, which coincides with the celebration of Binter’s 30th anniversary, is added to the important progress we have achieved in recent years,” stated the company’s Chair, Pedro Agustín del Castillo, during the presentation of the twin-engined jet.
To make this progress possible with the objective of improving the connectivity of the Canary Islands with other countries, Binter – which carried 3.6 million passengers in 2018 – invested some 342 million dollars in the five jets with a capacity for 132 passengers in a single class, as Del Castillo stated to EFE.
This first aircraft, which must still pass a technical assessment by the airline before travelling from Brazil to Spain, is due to arrive in the Canary Islands within a week to effectively join the Binter fleet where it replaces an older model used by the company.
Embraer also plans to deliver two more aircraft in 2019 and the remaining two in mid-2020, when the company can at last put its expansion plan for the new jets into operation.
“We are very proud that we have chosen Embraer because it has latest-technology aircraft. Since the E195-E2 is one of the quietest and most efficient jets in the world, we expect it to provide us with important improvements not only in maintenance costs but also in terms of fuel consumption,” added Del Castillo.
The executive also emphasized the company’s growth in recent years since it has increased its staff from 400 in 2002 to more than 1,500 and acquired 41 aircraft and he stressed the importance of Binter’s sustainability strategy to minimize the environmental impact of its activities by purchasing less polluting aircraft and ground vehicles and eliminating the use of plastics.
“We are committed to supporting the economic and social development of the archipelago and the internationalization of its economy not only with increasingly reinforced internal connections but also with a process of consolidation of air routes with a strategic environment and that’s why we have not stopped investing, growing and improving,” he stated.
The E195-E2 is the largest of the three jets in the Embraer E-Jets E2 family and was certified last April by the Brazilian National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).
According to Embraer, flight tests showed that the performance of the model chosen by Binter exceeds its original specifications for fuel saving, making it the most environment-friendly aircraft in its category, as well as providing a maintenance cost 20% lower than the previous model, the E195.
The Chair of Embraer, John Slattery, stated that his company is “extremely proud” of delivering the first E195-E2 in Europe to the “most successful” airline on the Old Continent and celebrated the fact that Binter has joined the extensive portfolio of customers that the manufacturer maintains around the world.
“Binter made a strategic investment in Embraer by choosing to acquire the E195-E2, increasing Embraer’s base of operations. While every delivery is important to us, every time we receive a new customer it is unique and special,” emphasized Slattery during his involvement in the event held in an Embraer hangar in the city of São José dos Campos, in the state of São Paulo. | <urn:uuid:559d01a2-075a-4d18-9b5a-5f3301fa8b50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://airlinergs.com/embraer-delivers-its-first-jet-to-the-spanish-airline-binter-a-new-model-in-europe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962576 | 796 | 1.953125 | 2 |
What is Functional Safety and why is it important?
Functional Safety (FS) is the safeguard against hazards resulting from faulty and interrupted functionality. More and more safety-related control systems are being used primarily in the manufacturing and process industries as well as in the railway, automotive and medical industries with the aim of reducing the risk of hazards.
Safety must be ensured under normal and/or undisturbed conditions and maintained in case of abnormal conditions, requiring products to be designed in such a way that fault, failures and external influences do not result in cases of undetected loss of safety.
How to achieve Functional Safety?
Functional safety for industrial plants is a very complex issue. For each area and each industry there are different safety requirements defined in the following international standards:
- EN ISO 13849: Functional Safety of machinery
- EN/IEC 61508 incl. SIL: Functional Safety of safety-related electrical/electronic/programmable electronic systems
- EN/IEC 61511: Functional Safety of Safety instrumented systems for process industries
- ISO 26262: Functional Safety of road vehicles
Compliance with these safety standards helps to minimize the risk of malfunctions.
Our Functional Safety certifications and assessments.
We provide functional safety services based on international standards such as IEC 61508, IEC 61511, ISO 13849, ISO 26262. Serving the full spectrum of industrial sectors, we offer certifications, risk assessments and more.
Benefit from our experience in Functional Safety.
As a neutral partner known for high quality standards and many years of experience working with clients in every industry, we deliver one-stop Functional Safety support and services worldwide. | <urn:uuid:45313175-0210-4ab5-8871-9d00b3ed7c5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tuv.com/landingpage/en/functional-safety-meets-cybersecurity/main-navigation/functional-safety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.923012 | 343 | 2.625 | 3 |
When sending an email to an AT&T email address, the following error is returned (replace $IP with the IP address that was used to send the email and firstname.lastname@example.org with the email address that sent the email).
SMTP error from remote mail server after MAIL FROM:<email@example.com>:
553 5.3.0 alph762 DNSBL:RBL 521< $IP >_is_blocked.
For assistance forward this error to firstname.lastname@example.org
This indicates AT&T is blocking emails from the IP address that was used to send the email.
Send the error to the email address that is listed in the error. AT&T provides more information here: | <urn:uuid:ae90f3e9-4a37-42c8-8ebc-babf68cbea76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.cpanel.net/hc/en-us/articles/360062441534-Sending-an-email-to-AT-T-results-in-DNSBL-RBL-521-IP-is-blocked | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.880677 | 165 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Photos by Cristóbal Vivar
They marched in lace and sneakers.
The 17th annual Brides March was held this Tues., Sept. 26th, as women marched through uptown streets to take a stand against domestic violence.
The annual event pays tribute to Gladys Ricart, a Dominican-born resident who was murdered on her wedding day in 1999 by an abusive former boyfriend.
Many of the participants were clad in bridal gowns in Ricart’s memory, a tradition that has become symbolic with the march. This year’s event featured, among others, First Lady Chirlane McCray, State Senator Jose Peralta, State Assemblymember Carmen De La Rosa and New York City Public Advocate Letitia James.
The gathering began at Christ Church in Washington Heights in the morning for an emotional ceremony, followed by almost seven miles that ventured into the Bronx before ending in Harlem.
Read more: Walk in White | Manhattan Times | <urn:uuid:721a387e-e890-4a0f-860d-3403207bdfd7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uptowncollective.com/2017/09/29/walk-in-white-manhattan-times/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955744 | 199 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has been awarded $10 million over a five-year period from the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI). The grant establishes an NSBRI Center of Acute Radiation Research (CARR) studying the acute effects of space radiation.
Ann Kennedy, D.Sc., professor of radiation biology and the Richard Chamberlain professor of research oncology in Penn’s Department of Radiation Oncology, will direct the CARR.
"As we prepare to return to the moon for longer stays, a better understanding of and solutions to the immediate risks from radiation exposure will be needed," said Dr. Jeffrey P. Sutton, NSBRI director. "We’re pleased to have Dr. Kennedy and her team lead the effort to decrease these risks."
Crafts orbiting Earth, like the International Space Station, are better protected from space radiation by Earth’s magnetic field. However, astronauts traveling to and living on the moon will run the risk of exposure to dangerous bursts of solar radiation, known as solar particle events. The radiation dose received will vary depending on whether the crew is inside the spacecraft or outside doing a spacewalk or moonwalk.
These exposures can cause immediate effects, called acute radiation sickness. Reactions to this type of exposure include early symptoms, known as prodromal syndrome, characterized by nausea, vomiting and fatigue, followed by potential skin injury and changes to white blood cell counts and the immune system.
Kennedy’s team will assess the acute effects of radiation exposure from solar events, better define the risks, and develop and test methods to protect astronauts. The CARR will consist of five focused research projects that will require the use of proton facilities located at University of Pennsylvania, Loma Linda University Medical Center, and the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
"Our work will improve the ability to predict risk for acute radiation effects from solar particle events by learning more about the effects of different dose rates. We also will establish methods to prevent and treat acute radiation syndrome symptoms," Kennedy said.
The Center’s multiple projects will involve the work of eight Penn faculty and will be led by CARR director Kennedy, CARR associate director Dr. Keith Cengel, assistant professor of radiation oncology, Dr. Gary Kao, associate professor of radiation oncology, and Dr. Drew Weissman, associate professor of infectious diseases.
NSBRI is a NASA-funded consortium of institutions studying the health risks related to long-duration spaceflight and developing countermeasures to mitigate the risks. The Institute’s science, technology and education projects take place at more than 60 institutions across the United States. University of Pennsylvania Health System is a member of the NSBRI consortium.
In addition to radiation risks, NSBRI projects address other space health concerns, including bone and muscle loss, cardiovascular changes, neurobehavioral and psychosocial factors, remote medical care and research capabilities, and habitability and performance issues such as sleep cycles and lunar dust exposure. Research findings will also impact the understanding and treatment of similar medical conditions experienced on Earth. | <urn:uuid:a2870758-c279-4389-b6e3-08bbed1b1f28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nsbri.org/index.html@p=10953.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930627 | 640 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Making your customized ringtones is not that hard to do at all. Hundreds of software applications are available for someone who wants to create a tone perfect for a mobile phone. Ringtone maker and editor applications are usually built-in with a mobile phone. However, there may also be some phones limiting these features to creating monophonic and polyphonic ringtones only. As more and more mobile phones are introduced, users are seeing good reasons why composing a tone is very important.
Check your folder and locate the file. It should have an extension of “m4a”. Double click slowly to rename the “m4a” file to “m4r”, then click on “Use m4r”.
All Summer Long is available on iTunes in every single country except for the United States. Unfortunately anyone residing in the US will need to purchase his album in order to download this song or ringtone mp3 to your phone. Kid Rock does not like the fact that individuals can simply download one song without buying the entire album. He is one of the only artists nation wide that does not allow his music for sale on i-Tunes in the U.S.
Another way of downloading free ringtones is by using Ring Tone Text Transfer Language (RTTTL). This is a common language on the internet describing ringtones. When you activate it, you can receive ringtones free of charge.
If you are a bit on the creative side, you can also try making your own ringtone. There are several programs and software tools out there that make you do so. Although it might take a little bit more time than just downloading free tones on the net, you will be fulfilled once you have made your own ringtone. There are some cellphones that already have a pre-installed tool that will help you make your own tones. Doing this is not hard at all, just unleash your own creativity and have fun. After finishing your own unique tone, you can assign to callers. You would also have the bragging rights that you yourself made the music. It is not just rewarding, but it also entertaining to do.
Changing your phones ring tone is easy. Perhaps set it for that one specific friend who reminds you of Axel Foley or the 1980’s. There are lots of ways to enjoy Axel on your cel phone. Make your phone individually unique, show your personality and brighten your day all with this simple synthesized song.
This software is really easy to use. It’s as simple as choosing the song you want to use and setting it up. You don’t have to bother with complicated coding. You’ll spend most of your time choosing the songs you want to transform. Naturally, that’s the most fun part. Because you can create an unlimited number, you’ll find yourself continuously creating new ones for your phone. If you have your own songs and you have them in mp3 format, you can even transform your own musical masterpiece creations whenever you wish.
The only problem with ringtones is that there are a lot of free ringtone scams. If you search for free cellular phone ringtone you’ll see ads and websites that state they have free ringtones. But after you go to the site, choose your cell phone carrier and enter your phone number, you are automatically billed for a monthly subscription. Some sites but not all state in very light gray on a white background, in quite small text at the bottom of the page, that they provide a subscription service when you enter your phone number. It’s all very tricky. Plus you can’t tell what ringtones they offer, and if they have the one you’re looking for, until you enter in the pin number sent to your cell phone thereby activating the monthly subscription charge! | <urn:uuid:a6baf76b-538b-422e-82e3-17d200828368> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://louishenwood.com/ringtone-downloads-easy-ways-to-make-your-own-ringtones/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945777 | 788 | 1.5 | 2 |
Without doubt, Bryan Cox is one of New Zealand’s most well-known aviators. His contribution to aviation in this country is considerable. As a pilot in the Royal New Zealand Air Force, he flew Corsair fighters on Pacific operations during WWII. Post-war, he continued flying and amassed a total of over 21,000 hours in the air. Remarkably, 18,000 hours of this total time was spent teaching other people to fly and Bryan was the flight testing officer for the issue of nearly 600 private pilots licences. Few people could equal the breadth and depth of Bryan’s war and peacetime aviation experiences that spanned over 50 years.
In recent years there has been a resurgent interest in WWII aircraft, particularly fighters. To experience the freedom of flying a powerful single-seat WWII fighter in the 21st Century, you either have to own it or be invited to fly it. Those that are invited are generally high-hour airline or ex-military pilots with previous experience in flying Warbirds aircraft. Consider then, what it would feel like to fly a P-40 Kittyhawk fighter at just 19 years of age and with only 115 hours solo time. On 3 August 1944, Bryan did just that. Months later, he was flying 2200 horsepower F4U Corsair fighters on operations over the Japanese stronghold of Rabaul, New Britain – all before his 20th birthday.
These experiences are recorded in Bryan’s first book, Too Young To Die, which is recognised as one of the best autobiographies ever written by a Pacific fighter pilot. Bryan’s second book, Pacific Scrapbook 1943-1947, provides further details of his time in the RNZAF and is supported by hundreds of photographs, letters, newspaper extracts, documents, diagrams and maps.
Cats Have Only Nine Lives not only gives a fascinating insight into Bryan’s experiences as a fighter pilot in the RNZAF, but picks up where the other books left off, as it covers his many and varied experiences in civilian flying. The stories Bryan tells are sometimes hilarious, sometimes tragic. Although he lost many friends during the war, he made many more with his continued involvement in civilian aviation – firstly as an air traffic controller and then as an instructor. Cats Have Only Nine Lives is a fascinating collection of stories, anecdotes, and facts that are both entertaining and educational. Given that most of Bryan’s flying was from Auckland’s Ardmore Aerodrome, the book also records much of that airfield’s history too.
Although many might argue that ‘luck’ was on Bryan’s side on more than one occasion, there is little doubt that he was a skilful pilot. Consider, for example, the first time Bryan flew a glider. Without any prior dual instruction in gliders, he piloted a Libelle sailplane from Ardmore after taking a tow behind a Piper Pawnee aircraft – a skill most ‘power’ pilots would take hours to successfully achieve. But then, perhaps that’s not surprising given Bryan routinely landed single-engined powered aircraft with the motor stopped just for fun.
Bryan has given much to this country and continues to do so. If a friend or relative are in need, Bryan is always there for them. As editor of the New Zealand Fighter Pilots Association’s journal, he has done much to record a part of New Zealand’s history that would have been lost without him. And now he has given us a unique insight into his life’s experiences in aviation through the publication of this book. I’m sure anyone who has an interest in aviation will enjoy it as much as I have. | <urn:uuid:ec7de89a-763c-4773-9fe4-0f5d48e5407b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.corsairsandkittyhawks.com/about-bryan-cox/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972701 | 773 | 2.046875 | 2 |
We’ve all heard the decades-old phrase surveyors have used to describe GIS: “Get It Surveyed.” But the saying, which emerged based on deep-rooted perceptions, overlooks the overlap and similar functions of the surveying and GIS fields. In fact, the disciplines are closely related. The crossover between the two offers significant opportunities for cooperation and information exchange as well as professional growth.
Surveying and GIS both provide answers to the same basic questions: “Where is it?” “What is it?” “How does it relate to things around it?” “What about it is interesting or important?” And they both seek to address the most important question: “How can I get the information to people who need it?” So, given the similarities, why the gap, be it real or perceived?
Both disciplines use positions and attributes as primary data. But their data acquisition is based on a differing emphasis on precision. Surveyors focus on precise measurement and positioning, while GIS requires detail and precision in descriptions and attributes. GIS attributes have little value without positions, and precise survey locations are nearly always accompanied by some sort of descriptive information. Instead of a gap, it’s actually a complementary situation.
Meeting User Needs
It’s intriguing to note that in many cases the push to close the gap comes from clients and end users of GIS data. They are learning that increased precision in positioning can make their geospatial information more valuable and useful. For example, locating a water shutoff valve during a Minnesota winter often involves digging through snow and ice. If the valve location is known only to within a meter or so, the field crew needs to dig a large hole—a difficult and time-consuming task. But with decimeter or even centimeter precision, the crew can find the valve more quickly.
Consumers of GIS data also want more than 2D drawings. The ability to produce 3D deliverables with comprehensive attributes makes accuracy and precision a valued asset in many enterprises. However, traditional GIS technicians may lack the skills and equipment (high-precision GNSS and optical instruments) needed to produce centimeter accuracy. As more GIS users understand the benefits that come with survey accuracy, they are turning to surveyors to gather data destined for GIS applications.
At first glance, this seems like a win-win situation, with more work for surveyors and better data for GIS. But many surveyors are not trained to collect the information that would satisfy the GIS core need for detailed data. Missing information can result in costly revisits and doesn’t help to close the survey-GIS gap. What’s needed is a way to tighten the interaction between data acquisition and data management and analysis.
There are two ways to solve the problem. In one approach, survey-grade positioning solutions such as the Trimble® R1 or R2 GNSS receivers can be tied into the GIS workflow. This method simplifies the process of gathering decimeter (or better) positions and can be used by GIS professionals. By using software development kits or configurable solutions such as Trimble TerraFlex™ software, users can blend precise positions with GIS workflows and attribute collection. The approach lends itself well to consumer-grade handhelds and a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) philosophy.
A second approach calls on the surveyor to gain specific knowledge about the information used in the GIS. This can best be accomplished by delving directly into the GIS database and creating workflows that capture all of the necessary data. For example, Trimble Business Center software can connect to an Esri database and extract object data and schema. This information can be used to automatically create the code libraries used by field surveyors with Trimble Access™ software. Then, when the field crew calls up a code for a specific feature, the associated attribute details guide the surveyor in gathering all the needed information. Aside from collecting additional attributes, the surveyor can operate within his or her existing workflows.
While matching survey feature codes to GIS needs isn’t new, the ability to automatically create feature codes from GIS schema is a significant step. A GIS database may have thousands of different features, each with a dozen or more attributes. Connecting directly to the database can save days or weeks of manual work to define feature codes and prevent errors or inconsistencies in definitions.
The link to the GIS database continues on the back end as well. When the survey field data returns to Trimble Business Center it is reviewed for accuracy and adjusted as necessary. Then, a single command writes the new survey data directly to the GIS database. When the GIS user refreshes the map in the ArcMap environment, all of the new data is there and ready for use.
In addition to bypassing the usual process of exporting from one package and importing to another, the GIS approach used by Trimble Business Center removes many of the challenges faced by surveyors unaccustomed to collecting such rich attribute information. Each feature, together with its complete attributes and survey metadata are available in the GIS database.
As the industry evolves, the gap will continue to narrow. Surveyors should expect to be asked to provide more GIS-ready data. By adopting tools that allow survey solutions and workflows to interact directly with complex GIS databases, geospatial professionals can replace the gap with new business opportunities. | <urn:uuid:766351bf-d5a3-4ceb-bfe8-709d4c4ea54a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smartdatacollective.com/common-ground-solving-survey-gis-gap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.918983 | 1,139 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Low code development platforms are regarded as apps, which offer the prerequisite graphical UI to execute programming. It plays an integral role in code development in no time. In addition, it helps decrease the regular programming efforts.
In this article, we will speak about the low code development platforms that help facilitate quicker code development with the reduction of hand-coding efforts. Such platforms have gained high popularity for faster deployment and setup.
The best thing about the low code development platform is that you do not need to carry the hassles of writing the code line by line.
In addition, it provides the prerequisite opportunity to draft a flow chart, leading to the creation of the code. This code helps in accomplishing code development in no time. From this article, you can seek information about the low code platforms for different business developers:
It is another popular low-code development platform that helps in the development of applications in no time.
Hence, you will be capable of seeking access to the digital transformation level. In addition, it helps in the integration of different features along with a plethora of existing tools. Moreover, this platform provides support to development twenty times faster than regular coding.
It is regarded as the automation first robot, which allows the robots to learn a variety of skills via machine learning and Artificial Intelligence. It helps in bringing an improvement in business efficiency, productivity, customer experience, and employee engagement.
It is considered the combination of robotic process automation solutions and the different capabilities that provide the prerequisite opportunity to the business enterprise in scaling a variety of digital business operations at optimum speed. This company provides the excellent choice to automate a wide assortment of repetitive, mind-numbing tasks for different enterprises.
It is regarded as one of the best in class low code development platforms that boast of the no-code cloud-based platform, which offers an excellent choice to empower various business users for the automation of different workflows.
It allows the development of simple and complicated enterprise-grade apps for the customers about ten times faster.
This tool plays an integral role in removing different manual processes, which help turn the ideas into apps. It helps make different businesses productive, innovative, and transparent. Hence, the potential audience can begin from customized built-in apps or scratch.
This tool provides the excellent opportunity to create the application interface with the dragging and dropping of more than 40 form fields, including e-signature, rich text editor, Facial Recognition widget, QR-code scanner, to name a few.
Moreover, this tool helps in the seamless integration with different third-party apps via webhooks, ready-to-use connectors, API integrations, to name a few.
It is regarded as the low-code app development platform which offers a helping hand to non-technical users in creating and sharing different user-friendly customized applications, catering to different business needs.
You can integrate with different internal systems seamlessly. In addition, it helps the team in collaborating, sharing, and managing a plethora of information.
It is regarded as an excellent cross-platform application builder which provides the right option to create mobile apps in no time.
Hence, you will be successful in developing applications on the publish, web after which you can use them on a variety of Android and Apple devices along with multi-platform access.
The platform is known to be flexible and powerful, and it can adapt according to business requirements.
The best thing about this platform is that it helps in the development of apps with lesser effort. In addition, it is useful in connecting the business data to collaborate across different teams.
Moreover, it is useful in the creation of insightful reports. Furthermore, it offers instantaneous access to different mobile applications.
By using this platform, you can create a plethora of apps with the least coding. Thus, it is effective in decreasing the application developer’s efforts and time.
It is referred to as a low-code platform that allows you to create a variety of internal tools in no time.
The business teams require a variety of admin panels, dashboards, custom applications, and different internal tools to execute a variety of crucial operations. In addition, the developers can make the proper use of this tool to create a variety of powerful tools in no time.
The app developer of this tool includes a variety of drag and drop building blocks, such as the components for the buttons, tables, charts, and forms that allow the application to be assembled in no time.
Thus, it is possible for you to write the custom cod, connecting the same to the data sources, creating the queries and custom logic for the development of different tools for the business.
This tool has become the number one choice for a plethora of developers as it removes the confusion and mystery related to the development of applications on the enterprise level.
It is equipped with the simple and clean user interface, which allows you to design apps that offer support to many business use cases.
This platform helps integrate the existing systems, thereby supporting the API development to facilitate flexibility.
Through the low-code solution, it is possible to boost the time to value. In addition, it helps in decreasing the business backlog, thereby assuring an outstanding user experience.
Low-code is regarded as the modern option to create a variety of apps. It is effective in the automation of different steps of the app development lifecycle. In addition, it helps in decreasing the complexities, and the time, which is necessary for the delivery of different customized apps.
The low code platforms help in the simplification of the integration along with the existing systems. Besides this, it offers support to the development of APIs, which enhances the development of the next application generation.
Furthermore, through low-code, you will be capable of designing from scratch, personalizing different built-in templates, and importing different already existing designs. | <urn:uuid:ca98ef2d-9518-46bf-af89-9d564c935e5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.analyticsframe.com/low-code-development-platform/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928823 | 1,222 | 1.875 | 2 |
Themes often help to create a whole story line.
tend to use the same themes in their writing.
the themes they use may change due to how the writers have .
changed. Some writers use the same themes in all of their writing, .
but others tend to use many different themes. In her writing, .
Louisa May Alcott touched upon various different themes.
The early writings of Louisa May Alcott were rarely .
recognized. In the first phase of her writing, 1840's-1860's, she .
wrote some short stories. Most of them featured a mysterious, .
vengeful woman bent on manipulation and destruction (Schafer 1). .
Common themes that Louisa often used included self-sacrifice, .
duty, charity, self-reliance, and patients. She also touched the .
surfaces of jealousies, fears and frivolities (Durbin 1). A lot of the .
stories Louisa wrote early on she never really put her name too. .
She also wrote children's stories and was mostly know for these. .
"Flower Fables, the first volume that she put her name on, were .
stories and poems that were moral fables, rather windy and .
obvious but emotionally revealing" (Saxton 192). Most of .
Louisa's early works touched upon these themes along with .
domestic life in the nineteenth-century and maturing adolescent. .
These themes are what Louisa's early writings were based .
In the early writings the themes used tend to come from .
some point of Louisa's. "Louisa's world works with clocklike .
moral regularity" (Saxton 4). With Louisa's father being very .
critical of her work, she tried her hardest to write to his approval. .
She used her own life experiences for her writing. She took what .
she knew and what she likes and used them to write, which showed .
in the themes. Her stories defied nineteenth-century values of .
womanhood again brought on by how she was treated by her father .
(MacDonald 10). She would also indulge her passions in her . | <urn:uuid:09606f73-d4b9-4b53-936d-e578bf73523e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/89994.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.983797 | 466 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Are you looking for a social assistance foundation? This time we will discuss the right solution so that you can choose the right Foundation according to your needs. Let’s look at the recommendations so that more children of the nation can get an education.
How to Choose a Trusted Social Foundation
If you want to help underprivileged children and want to continue their education. So, you can register them with an educational foundation that can finance their education. You can apply for educational assistance.
Things you need to pay attention to so that you can choose a trusted foundation and don’t take advantage of other people’s weaknesses, as follows:
You should pay attention to the experience the Foundation has. In a sense, the Foundation does not have a bad record when it comes to helping other children’s education. You should pay attention to this to make sure you have left the child in the right hands.
Make sure that the Foundation does not use children just to increase popularity. This is important for the development of children who receive assistance so that they are not tied to the Foundation. You can ask for data on recipients of social assistance that they have done.
You need to make sure that the requested requirements are reasonable. There are no unreasonable agreements that lead to the use of children. You must pay attention to this so that it can help save the future of the nation’s children.
In addition, try to choose a foundation that does not bind the interests and talents of children. Not managing the child’s dreams in accordance with the wishes of the Foundation. However, with open arms direct and support the child in order to achieve it.
Providing Training and Learning
If necessary, you can choose a social assistance foundation that provides training and learning for beneficiaries. This will be very good so that it can be used as a provision in living life.
In essence, choose a Foundation that provides assistance without binding the beneficiary to become what the Foundation wants it to be. You can choose a Foundation that provides assistance with open arms to anyone who needs help with education.
Trusted Education Foundation Recommendations
There are various social foundations that you can choose from to get educational assistance, as follows:
This foundation focuses on providing assistance for food and school needs from underprivileged families. The Jakarta Archdiocese’s Daya Dharma Foundation provides assistance in the form of e-vouchers for food needs and educational scholarships for children.
Putra Sampoerna Foundation
Furthermore, you can apply for educational assistance at the Putra Sampoerna Foundation. This foundation is oriented towards education to create entrepreneurs and become great leaders. There are various trainings and seminars that can be attended.
Goodwill International Foundation
You can also check the social assistance available at the Goodwill International Foundation. This foundation provides assistance for students and college students who are currently studying. The costs covered are living expenses to university needs.
You can try to find information about Foundations that provide educational assistance. This will be very helpful for those of you who have the desire to continue their education with trusted educational scholarships.
That’s the discussion about recommendations for social assistance foundations in the field of education that you need to know. Hope it helps to gather information on the best educational foundations. Hope you can find the right Foundation.
How Foundations Get Funds
The ways in which foundations get funding generally vary. Some seek funds from the community directly and some even seek funds from government assistance.
In particular, the way the foundation obtains funds from the government is in the form of grants or free financial assistance. They only need to make an accountability report for the use of the funds they have received which are usually transferred directly to the account of the foundation in question.
The way in which foundations get funding from the government in general is sometimes problematic. Sometimes the actual funds are intended to be channeled to the people who are entitled to receive them but do not arrive and are even misused to enrich their members.
This is of course very sad. Because of the way foundations get these funds from the government, practices that are detrimental to the state emerge.
History has recorded the existence of suspicions that the foundation’s relationship with government officials or members of the council made grant funds flow smoothly. Because the allegation is also a grant from the Government such as the DKI Jakarta Province for a non-profit foundation, so it is a hot rumor and raises problems.
Basically the way foundations get funding from the government is already regulated by law. The state can provide funds for foundations if the foundation has a work program and carries out activities that support the Central Government and/or Regional Government programs, which are in the form of:
- money; and/or
- services and/or other forms can be viewed with money, by way of grants or perhaps in other ways.
State contributions are given on the basis of a registered request by the foundation management to;
- the minister or the head of a non-departmental government agency whose scope of work and responsibilities are related to the activities of the foundation; or
- governor, regent, or mayor at the foundation’s position and/or at the place where the foundation carries out its activities.
The request is accompanied by the following documents:
- photocopy of the minister’s decision regarding the legal entity status of the foundation;
- photocopy of the minister’s decision regarding the agreement on the transfer of the foundation’s basic budget, acceptance letter of the statement of transition of the foundation’s basic budget, and/or acceptance letter of the statement of transfer of foundation data, if any;
- photocopy of additional State Information of the Republic of Indonesia containing the foundation’s basic budget;
- information regarding the complete name and address of the board of directors of the foundation;
photocopy of the foundation’s balance sheet for the last 2 consecutive years according to the law;
- information regarding the foundation’s work program that is and will be carried out; and
- recorded acknowledgment from the technical institution in charge of the activities of the foundation.
Foundations that receive state contributions must prepare and submit an annual foundation report once a year (at the end of the financial year) to the minister or head of a non-departmental government agency, governor, regent, or mayor who made the contribution. The annual report includes activity reports and balance sheets.
In addition, a summary of the foundation’s annual report is published on the information board at the foundation’s office. For foundations that receive state contributions of IDR 500 million or more, they must publish a summary of the financial balance for one fiscal year to the Indonesian language daily mass media.
The financial balance must be audited by a public accountant and the results of the audit reported to the supervisor of the foundation and a copy to the relevant ministers and institutions.
It should be noted that state contributions can only be used by the foundation according to the goals and purposes and activities of the foundation based on the basic budget and in accordance with the foundation’s work program.
State contributions are prohibited from being directed or shared directly or possibly indirectly to supervisors, administrators, and supervisors, or other factions.
So in conclusion, the way foundations get funds is through direct assistance from the government and also through the community which can be directly or indirectly. | <urn:uuid:4913eac4-98ae-45d2-822c-97d567cedc87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.saliha.id/684/recommendations-of-social-aid-foundations-provide-the-best-education-for-the-children-of-the-nation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947214 | 1,540 | 1.8125 | 2 |
We may get connected to and reliant on technology since we utilize it at home, school, and job. We are easily distracted while doing a task by our phones, social media, and phone calls. Shorter attention span and difficulty concentrating on the work at hand result from this.
Similarly, Why is technology ruining our lives?
The use of technology may be addictive and can impair our ability to communicate, experts have discovered, in addition to making our lives more comfortable. Long-term screen use may have negative effects on health, including increased anxiety and sadness, eyestrain, and sleeplessness.
Also, it is asked, How does technology impact on society?
It has an impact on people’s lives and alters how they learn, think, and communicate. It has a significant impact on society, and now it is difficult to picture living without it. Technology and society are intertwined, interdependent, and mutually influential.
Secondly, What are the negatives of technology?
Depression and other mental health problems are two of the eight negative effects of technology. According to a University of Michigan research, using Facebook causes people to feel less happy and satisfied with their lives as a whole. Sleep deprivation ADHD. Obesity. Learning obstacles. Reduced intimacy and communication. Cyberbullying. Privacy invasion
Also, Is technology harmful or helpful?
Our lives now include technology. Although it may have certain drawbacks, it may also have a lot of advantages and be very beneficial for people’s health, education, and general welfare.
People also ask, What are some impacts of technology?
Technology’s 19 Harmful Effects in 2019 | Digital Detox Our sleep patterns are impacted by technology. We feel more alone because of technology. A more sedentary lifestyle is encouraged by technology. A continual source of distraction is technology. Neck discomfort and poor posture are caused by technology.
Related Questions and Answers
Does technology make life better or worse?
Through improved communication, technology has significantly improved and made our lives easier. Technology has effectively improved human communication by making it more simpler and better. In the past (a few decades ago), we were required to wait days or even months for the message.
How will technology affect our future?
Digital technology advancements have a great deal of promise to accelerate economic development and productivity while also creating new, better employment to replace obsolete ones. The new digital technologies may account for as much as two-thirds of the projected productivity gains in major countries during the next 10 years.
What are the 4 impacts of technology?
I want to start a conversation about these four effects—the sleepwalker effect, the transparency effect, the black box effect, and the splintering effect—so that these four may be examined and refined. I also want to start a conversation about additional effects that I haven’t mentioned. Albert Borgmann
How technology changed our world?
Almost every element of modern life is impacted by technology, including access to food, financial inclusion, healthcare, sociability, and productivity. It also influences communication, security, transportation efficiency, and safety.
How does technology affect youth?
Children’s capacity to concentrate and their ability to form bonds, relationships, and social skills may all be severely impacted by technology. enhancing their social abilities. As a result, there may be an increase in the number of kids who are distant, shy, or scared by social circumstances.
What happens when we rely too much on technology?
Anxiety and despair have been related to technology reliance. Our mental health is being negatively impacted by a number of factors, including social media demands, the growth of cyberbullying, and the bright phone screens that interfere with our ability to sleep.
How has technology affected our lives positively?
The use of productivity applications has improved time management. Access to biometric gadgets, food management software, and exercise routines easily leads to improved health. communication with friends and family is simpler and less expensive. more employment prospects as a result of remote working.
How technology changed our lives quotes?
Here are the top 10 tech statements that will motivate you or, at the very least, make you grin. Technology works best when it connects people. “It has horrifyingly become clear that our technology has outpaced our humanity.” Machines only serve as a reminder of their might when anything goes wrong.
Why technology is important in our life essay?
The improvements that technology has made to our lives include time savings, quick connection and engagement, a higher standard of living, simple information access, and safety. The most recent innovation to benefit humanity takes environmental factors into account.
Is technology harmful to society essay?
There were a lot of drawbacks from that usage. Overusing technology has various harmful repercussions on society, but the three biggest effects might be health issues, privacy issues, and social issues. examining how technology affects society negatively. u2705 Free essay kind of document Information technology Number of words: 1248 Published: September 24, 2021
How has technology made us lazy?
However, in practice, it has been expensive. This cost is that technology has developed an incredible addiction that serves as a diversion in the lives of the majority of people. In other words, because of the advantages that technology has brought us, it has made us lethargic and unproductive and prevented us from reaching our full potential.
How will technology change our lives in twenty years?
Beginning in 2030, people may begin using robots to do domestic tasks and provide company. By 2045, a virtual reality akin to The Matrix may be our reality. By 2045, humans could also turn into cyborgs. By 2040, artificial intelligence may also be used to control household settings.
Why technology is important for the future?
It could encourage original viewpoints. It may provide community, access, information, and empowerment. We can try to build a better world over time as we create the technologies of the future. As technology permeates every aspect of our life, this has a variety of meanings.
How can technology make our lives better in future?
They can do their tasks more easily and independently thanks to technology. They feel more powerful, certain, and positive as a consequence. Many individuals may benefit greatly from technology. Being “cool” is not the only factor. The most recent technologies may also simplify life.
How has technology affected our lives during the pandemic?
The majority of people claim that phone and video conversations, group messaging applications, and texts have at least somewhat improved their ability to remain in touch with family and friends. Some people used technology to communicate with those they couldn’t visit in person since the epidemic started.
How does technology affect our behavior?
Consider how social behavior has evolved as a result of the internet. The old method of meeting face-to-face has been supplanted by phone conversations and emails as the primary means of communication. Technology growth has unavoidably had an impact on the social connection that all people share.
What are the disadvantages of being dependent on technology?
The risks of reliance on technology Depression and anxiety. Anxiety, sadness, and other mental health issues have all been linked to excessive mobile device usage. Impatience. We are now impatient due to technology. Memory. Addiction. Skills
Is society too reliant on technology?
Although it is simple to argue that society depends on technology too much, it is impossible to ignore the significant role that technology has had on society as a whole. In several ways, technology has made life simpler, safer, longer, and more pleasurable. Finding a balance in our usage of technology is the challenge.
Is technology a need or a want?
Non-essential or artificial demands lead to so-called “technology needs.” It should be clear that although some wants may be generated by technology, they are not necessary for existence. If they are important at all, it must be for a purpose other than just supporting life as we know it.
How the internet has ruined our lives?
Teenagers who spent more time online had higher rates of mental health issues, according to a 2019 research. According to other research, those who use social media report feeling more alone, alienated, and insecure.
How technology is ruining our social skills?
Young and older children alike may become socially isolated as a result of increased technology usage, which might have a detrimental effect on how well they learn to interact with others. Recent studies have shown a detrimental correlation between screen use and toddlers’ social skill development.
Has technology made our life easier or complicated?
We cannot overlook the convenience that technology provides to our lives, as history has shown. Our lives would be difficult without technology. We are often so used to exploiting technology advances that we are unaware of how reliant we have gotten on them.
Why does technology matter today?
Information technology is crucial to our daily life because it makes dealing with the unpredictable events of each day easier. Technology provides a variety of methods to promote growth and information sharing. IT aims to do both of these objectives in order to simplify activities and find solutions to many issues.
Technology has taken over our lives in a way that we never thought. We are using technology to communicate, entertain ourselves, and even to work. Technology is taking over the world and it’s not going anywhere soon.
This Video Should Help:
- the importance of technology in our daily lives
- technology is taking over the world
- how has technology helped the world 10 examples
- how is technology taking over jobs
- technology taking over humanity | <urn:uuid:57c6b895-44c2-41ba-a83d-659df402d666> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theconnectedset.tv/how-technology-is-taking-over-our-lives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959608 | 1,965 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A wide body of research shows that well-designed policies achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions at reasonable costs. A recent article from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Institute for 21st Century Energy (“Chamber Energy Institute”) uses a NERA Economic Consulting study as evidence that meeting U.S. climate change commitments under the Paris Agreement will cause economic hardship, particularly in the manufacturing sector. High-profile opponents of climate action— such as U.S. Sen John Barrasso — are using the results of this study to attempt to make a case for withdrawing the United States from the global climate accord.
As part of our ongoing effort to promote credible and independent economic modeling, WRI reviewed the Chamber Energy Institute’s article and the associated NERA study. We found that the Chamber’s conclusions are based on a decarbonization pathway that is unrealistic and unnecessarily costly. Rather than providing support for the Chamber Energy Institute’s claim, the NERA study in fact provides further evidence that a market-driven approach can enable the United States to achieve its emissions-reduction targets at a relatively low cost.
Here are three things you need to know:
1. The Chamber Energy Institute’s claims are based on a highly unrealistic and unnecessarily expensive pathway to achieving the U.S. 2025 target.
Perhaps the most basic rule of cost-effective decarbonization is to first take advantage of the lowest-cost opportunities to reduce emissions, leaving the more expensive reductions for a later date, when technological advances may uncover more affordable opportunities.
In the United States, the largest near-term opportunities for cost-effective emissions reductions include switching to cleaner electricity sources and improving energy efficiency in homes, businesses and vehicles. The lowest-cost pathways to the U.S. 2025 emissions target (reducing emissions 26 to 28 percent below 2005 levels by 2025) should therefore focus more on achieving emissions reductions from these cost-effective actions, and less on emissions reductions from other sources, such as the industrial sector.
In fact, a recent analysis by the non-partisan Resources for the Future (RFF) shows that the United States can meet its 2025 target with relatively modest emissions reductions from a growing industrial sector. The organization applied a carbon tax across all sectors at the level needed to achieve the country’s economy-wide target in 2025, and found that emissions reductions came disproportionately from electricity and transportation. Emissions from industry decreased by 14 percent between 2005 and 2025.
By contrast, the Chamber Energy Institute focuses on one scenario from the NERA study in which the industrial sector is forced to achieve emissions reductions of nearly 40 percent between 2005 and 2025. Achieving the economy-wide target by disproportionately focusing on industrial sector emissions reductions means ignoring cost-effective opportunities to reduce emissions in other sectors.
The Chamber Energy Institute’s claims are akin to chartering a helicopter for your morning commute and then complaining about how expensive it is to get to work.
2. The full NERA study shows that the United States can achieve its 2025 targets at a relatively low cost.
While the article by the Chamber Energy Institute focuses on one scenario from the NERA study, the full study also includes an alternative pathway to achieving the U.S. 2025 target that combines regulatory measures with a national carbon market. In contrast to the scenario described above that mandates in which sectors emissions reductions must occur, a carbon market encourages emissions reductions to take place whenever and wherever they can be achieved most cost-effectively.
Not surprisingly, NERA shows far superior economic outcomes for this scenario, with U.S. GDP decreasing by half of one percentage point compared to a no-policy scenario in 2025. That’s equivalent to a change in the GDP growth rate from 2.5 percent percent to 2.44 percent per year. If NERA had assumed a more productive use of revenue from the carbon price, and had not assumed a considerable slowdown in clean energy innovation (see point #3 below), economic outcomes could improve further. Most importantly, costs of this magnitude pale in comparison with the potential costs of inaction on climate change.
The finding that well-designed carbon pricing policies can achieve emissions reductions with no substantive impact on economic growth is consistent with independent economic studies. That’s why a group of prominent Republicans recently proposed a carbon price as one part of its “pro-growth” plan to address climate change.
3. The NERA study assumes that innovation in clean energy slows considerably, which makes climate action appear artificially costly, particularly for 2040 results.
The pace of clean energy innovation is highly influential in determining the costs of climate action, because the shift away from fossil fuels becomes less expensive as the costs of low-carbon technologies fall. The past decade has seen dramatic advances in clean technologies, including reductions in solar energy costs of more than 10 percent per year. Strong action on climate change would create additional incentives for innovation as investors gain confidence in the future profitability of low-carbon solutions.
Yet the NERA study fails to account for a realistic pace of clean energy innovation. A recent Department of Energy (DOE) analysis showed decarbonization pathways for three levels of technological progress: two cases with plausible levels of innovation, and a third case with minimal innovation that, according to DOE, “may underestimate advances” but “provides a useful baseline…” All of NERA’s scenarios use only the lower innovation case, assuming only minimal advancements in existing clean technologies over the upcoming decades. NERA also rules out the emergence of new technologies like carbon capture and storage over the next 23 years because they are not cost competitive today.
NERA’s estimates of 2040 economic impacts apply only to a future in which businesses, entrepreneurs and scientists fail to innovate over the coming decades. If, instead, innovation continues at its recent pace or accelerates due to the additional incentives for clean energy innovation in a decarbonizing world, the economic benefits would be far better. | <urn:uuid:783b9d24-8533-400f-95d2-90c2a5b1f5d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rapidshift.net/u-s-chamber-of-commerces-energy-institute-misleads-on-climate-action-costs-3-things-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926654 | 1,223 | 2.671875 | 3 |
There are a lot of spiritual traditions which can be said to be of influence to the Theosophical Movement. One of the early ones was freemasonry. It is fairly well known among theosophists that Blavatsky got a masonic diploma for writing Isis Unveiled. Less well known is that Col. Olcott, who founded the Theosophical Society with her in 1875 in New York, was a mason himself.
Freemasonry is a world wide, loosely organized network of lodges in which men come together to do rituals and grow in virtue. Freemasonry started in 1717 in England where the lodges of stone-masons were opened to non-masons. The rituals, symbolism and mythology of the stone masons were imported into this new organisation.
Seeking royal support to survive it became an organisation which brought politicians, artists and influential people in general together.
In it’s circles the 18th century idea that all people are equal and should have equal rights was practiced – though without the women of course. Perhaps it is not a coincidence that not untill the 20th century did women get voting rights in most countries.
The Theosophical Society, as an organisation in which women were admitted, took the ideals of freemasonry one step further and into the realm of religion. Brotherhood (sex neutral language hadn’t been invented yet in the 19th century) should be practiced without regard to race, creed, sex or anything else – where most masons did have to believe in God to be allowed in.
Where masonry left religion and politics at the door – masons weren’t allowed to discuss those subjects in the lodge – the Theosophical Society made religion and science it’s primary focus of discussion. [Though Blavatsky was not beyond writing about women’s rights occasionally]
One of the aspects of freemasonry that the Theosophical Society soon abolished was secrecy. In the early days of the Theosophical Society all meetings were held under vows of silence from all present. It is still not clear what transpired at those meetings.
There were also secret handshakes which made it easier for theosophists to recognize each other. The secret handshakes lasted longer than the vows of silence did. Pretty quickly most meetings of the Theosophical Society were open to all. I have personally never learned the handshake, but I know people who have. This of course defeats the whole purpose: if only some theosophists know the handshake, it is not going to be a good way to recognize fellow theosophists.
Freemasonry had a principle of religious tolerance – within a monotheistic, usually Christian, context. Leaving religion at the door meant that whatever religious affiliation one had, one could still be with the brothers.
In this century the ideal of religious tolerance and interreligious dialogue is quite normal, if not popular. In the early days of the Theosophical Society the idea of talking with Hindu’s and Buddhists on an equal footing was scandalous. It is, I think, fair to say that the Theosophical Society broke ground and made it clear that religious dialogue should be given a chance.
Even today however many groups which practice religious dialogue limit themselves to the Abrahamitic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam). The TS was clearly ahead of its time in trying the concept on a universal footing. The only limitation perhaps was that the textual religions were given more attention than the oral traditions. But even that was surely not Blavatsky’s intent. She delved with equal love for detail and occult explanation in folk mythology and ancient philosophy.
That’s all the theosophical history for today. What should I write about next week? | <urn:uuid:27068db9-039f-40b2-a1b7-5ee19612d1e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.allconsidering.com/2008/religious-tolerance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969128 | 779 | 2.75 | 3 |
US space agency NASA announced the suspension of a contract for the creation of a lunar module with the American private company SpaceX worth about $2.9 billion due to protests from competitors at the Government Accountability Office, Reuters reported, citing the agency's statement.
As a result of NASA's decision, SpaceX must halt all work directly related to the Moon program contract until the GAO issues its ruling, which is due by August 4 at the latest.
“Pursuant to the GAO protests, NASA instructed SpaceX that progress on the HLS contract has been suspended until GAO resolves all outstanding litigation related to this procurement,” NASA spokeswoman Monica Witt said in the statement.
Blue Origin filed a complaint with the GAO on Monday, claiming, among other things, that NASA allowed SpaceX to revise its bid but did not allow Blue Origin to do so because it "moved the goalposts at the last minute." Later, the GAO confirmed that Dynetics has also questioned NASA's contract award to SpaceX.
According to a NASA source selection document, Starship, SpaceX's fully reusable rocket vehicle under construction to ferry humans and cargo to the Moon and Mars, won NASA's award primarily for its large cargo capacity and proposed offer of $2.9 billion — much less than Blue Origin's (reported at approximately $6 billion) and Dynetics'.
After the Amazon founder's space company lodged a protest against NASA for choosing rival SpaceX to construct a lunar lander, Musk took to Twitter to troll his fellow richest man on Earth Bezos on Monday.
Can’t get it up (to orbit) lol— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) April 26, 2021
Later on, he followed up with a photoshopped shot of Blue Origin's lunar lander, renaming it "Blue Balls" instead of the original "Blue Moon."
So far, Musk has been the driving force behind Starship's growth to this stage. At its Boca Chica, Texas, launch facilities, the company has launched several Starship prototypes in short and high-altitude test flights.
Landing the designs after they have soared over six miles in the air has proven to be a difficult task, with all of SpaceX's high-altitude test rockets exploding during the landing process.
After receiving license approval from the Federal Aviation Administration this week, the company's most recent test of a Starship concept, SN15, is set to launch within the next few days.
Musk's banter and remarks on Bezos did not come out of nowhere. The two executives have sparred about their respective space aspirations, with Musk leading SpaceX and Bezos owning Blue Origin, but it has also expanded to other fields, since Musk has chastised Bezos for running a monopoly and dubbed him a copycat for his self-driving car ambitions.
Over the years, the confrontation between two of the most powerful CEOs of our time, with reports of their feud emerging here and there in the media, has turned into a source of jokes and ridicule on Twitter.
According to the media, Bezos has been dreaming of space at least since high school, reportedly saying in 1982 that he wanted to provide millions of people with outer space colonies. With that goal in mind, the CEO of Amazon launched Blue Origin in 2000.
Musk, in his turn, sold his company PayPal to eBay for about $1.5 billion in 2002 and invested his personal wealth into the newly created SpaceX startup.
Bezos refrains from direct attacks on Musk, but has repeatedly criticized the main goal of SpaceX - the colonization of Mars, as unrealistic, focusing in turn on achieving a permanent presence of people on the Moon. In 2019, he said that one should "go live on the top of Mount Everest for a year first and see if you like it, because it's a garden paradise compared to Mars."
First Human Mission to Moon in Almost 50 years
Earlier, NASA stated that choosing one company was the best choice it could make at the time, given the funds provided by Congress. Last year, Congress approved $850 million of the $3.3 billion sought by NASA for two lunar landers.
NASA's forthcoming Moon mission will see the agency land the first woman and the new man on the lunar surface in 2024. The mission is part of the Artemis initiative, which was launched during Trump's presidency.
NASA intends to not only return to the Moon, but also to create a human presence on the surface. The agency hopes to land on the Moon's South Pole, which is rich in water ice that can be turned into fuel and oxygen for a lunar base. | <urn:uuid:b7ac1f6c-7f99-4719-83f2-d24b84669880> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sputniknews.com/20210501/nasa-suspends-spacex-moon-mission-contract-following-recent-musk-bezos-spat-on-twitter---report-1082781992.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960396 | 944 | 1.75 | 2 |
OUT OF STOCK
Pair of armchairs
The "caquetoire" is a Renaissance-style armchair used by noblewomen for "cackling" (to chat with each other). From 1820 artists and the public somewhat abandoned references to Greco-Roman antiquity in favour of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Grand Siècle (17th century) and the Orient. This explains why furniture in these styles was produced at the time.
During the 15th century and all over Europe, the Renaissance period was characterized by a renewed interest for Ancient Greece and Roma. Let it be in arts, architecture, philosophy or sciences, this moment marks the transition from Middle Ages to modernity.
Guided by ideals of proportions, pieces of furniture are conceived as architectural masterpieces. Ornaments are not overlooked with figurines decorating cabinets and decorative carvings on chairs and table legs.
In terms of wood, artisans turned their attention to oak, walnut and ebony.
Seat height: 46
Backrest height: 121 | <urn:uuid:cb79da39-0f30-44d7-8161-3d641924f139> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frenchatmospheres.com/atelier-products/pr-00075 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.897981 | 252 | 2.09375 | 2 |
- 1 Do You Burn More Calories by Carrying A Heavy Backpack?
- 2 Hiking with a Heavy Backpack is Associated with the Following
- 3 Benefits of Carrying a Heavy Backpack on a Hike
- 4 Tips to stay Safe While Carrying a Heavy Backpack
- 5 How You Can Refine Your Technique While Carrying a Heavy Backpack
- 6 The Right Way to Pack Your Backpack
- 7 Be Aware of the Risks Involved
Do You Burn More Calories by Carrying A Heavy Backpack?
What exercise can be harder and more intense than simple walking, running, or hiking? How about Hiking carrying a heavy backpack?. Carrying a heavy backpack is a great way to improve endurance and strength while increasing your calorie burning during a normal hill walk or hike. The best thing about carrying a heavy backpack is that it is easy(ish) to do and requires no thought or training. A heavy backpack session is simple to prepare for and easy to structure without any guidance from a personal trainer, gym instructor or team members, and there is no need to purchase additional, or expensive equipment.
The practice of hiking carrying a heavy backpack started as an exercise for the military, it has trickled down to the common people over years. It has a relatively simple concept: just stuff your backpack with some heavy weight like books, rice sacks, water bottles, sandbags, or bricks. Carrying a heavy backpack does help in burning more calories by as much as 10-15%. Let’s find out more about this benefit.
Hiking with a Heavy Backpack is Associated with the Following
More Calorie Burn: The food we eat has calories that give us the energy to keep going. We store and burn these calories, which work as fuel to stay active. The more you move and the faster you hike, the more calories you end up burning. However, if you carry extra weight while hiking, you will burn more calories from the same distance and speed.
More Fat Burn: Calories give fats, proteins, and carbohydrates that provide energy to the body. It is due to fat that we are able to perform all types of activities in our everyday life. Depending on the intensity of the activity, the energy received from fat reserves is lower or higher. Simply put, you burn more fat with low-intensity exercises. For instance, covering a longer distance at a slow pace will burn more fat than covering a shorter distance at a fast speed. So, you can increase the work done by carrying a heavy backpack and burn more fat.
Building more Endurance: Hiking with a heavy backpack improves your breathing, which ultimately increases your capacity to hike for longer. Hiking with a significant amount of extra weight can also help in gaining more muscle and eventually improving fitness.
Benefits of Carrying a Heavy Backpack on a Hike
When you hike with a heavy backpack, you receive the following benefits and many more:
- It is a solid form of strength training that offers a wide range of cardiovascular benefits
- It increases your emergency expenditure and calorie burning
- It boosts heart rate by up to 10 beats per minute
- It increases your oxygen consumption by 10-15%
Tips to stay Safe While Carrying a Heavy Backpack
- Consider how much weight you should carry on your back while hiking. Ideally, it should not be more than 25% of your total body weight.
- Carrying your backpack appropriately is necessary while hiking. Avoid any loose-fitting, large backpacks that are free to move around. You should start with a compact backpack. Use a lightweight backpack to start out, then, when that becomes easier, you can gradually increase the weight and size of backpack.
- The backpack must have a belt strap that you should snugly fit on your body. Otherwise, the entire weight will keep bouncing and slamming on your back with each step you take. As a result, you may end up with more damage and pain in your body rather than burning off your excess calories.
- Secure the hip belt of your backpack, as it will transfer more weight to the large muscles of your legs, and keep the weight off your upper back and shoulders. Unless of course, you intend to have a workout of your upper back. You should always make sure you secure your bag’s hip belt while carrying heavy weights a a matter of safety.
- How you pack your backpack is important. You can always modify things by carrying half your load on the front and half on the back. This will have the effect of reducing the postural adaption required for staying upright and also reducing stress on your spine. Here’s a handy article on packing your backpack from BestHiking.net to help you.
- You need to be careful where you place the weight while packing your bag. You don’t want the centre of gravity to bee off. Also, start by carrying a fairly light weight and then increase the weight in your backpack slowly. The process should be so slow that you must not even realize that you are carrying more weight today than yesterday. This will help your body get used to hiking without noticing the gradual extra burden that you are carrying.
- Feeling uncomfortable as you push yourself for the exercise is normal. Expect slight discomfort as you work new muscles, build endurance, increase muscle mass, and strengthen lungs. However, if you begin to experience pain, and it becomes so unbearable that you can’t continue, you must stay cautious, ease off, reduce the weight until you find a suitable but heavy enough load.
- Always be aware to maintain proper posture while hiking so that you do not end up straining your muscles instead of getting the desired benefits.
How You Can Refine Your Technique While Carrying a Heavy Backpack
Take Shorter Steps: When you carry a heavy backpack, your legs will need to deal with the extra pressure and weight with each step. So, taking shorter steps will diminish the amount of force you have to exert on your legs while hiking.
Keep Your Chin Up: While hiking, be mindful to keep your chin up and chest forward. This posture will give a good exercise to your core instead of giving all the pressure to your legs.
Engage and Squeeze the Glutes: When you engage your glutes, you also engage your core and be more conscious while taking steps to move forward. Every technique that you use while hiking with weight connects to establish your form and posture.
The Right Way to Pack Your Backpack
Do not throw items into your backpack aimlessly. Loose items will keep bouncing around, causing discomfort while carrying the backpack and negating any benefits you expect from the activity. Loose things will keep falling out or bouncing into your back. Therefore, any items that you carry in your backpack should be tightly packed.
Ensure that you do not over-pack your bag. Take a proper size Rucksack or Daysack that can carry the weight you intend to put into it. Also, ensure that you do not take any sharp objects in your backpack that may keep jabbing your neck, back, or rib cage as you move.
Be Aware of the Risks Involved
Like any other form of exercise, Carrying a Heavy Backpack also involves some degree of risk. It’s you who can decide whether these risks are acceptable for you or not:
- Neck, shoulder, and back strain, which is more common if you use a loose-fitting backpack or if you go too far or too fast during your hike
- Knee or ankle pain due to heavy weight putting excessive stress on your joints
- Blisters due to loosely fitted shoes or socks
- Heatstroke if you carry very heavy weight in hot weather and do not hydrate yourself
- Hypothermia if you hike in the outdoors for too long without proper preparation and clothing
Most of these risks can be eliminated if you use well-fitted gear and common sense. However, you must not do a heavy workout if you have a medical condition or inflamed joints. Get in touch with your physician and confirm if carrying a heavy backpack is a suitable exercise for you or not.
Carrying a heavy backpack while walking, running, or hiking, is an enjoyable way to carry stuff around and burn more calories. However, be watchful of your posture and balance to avoid any pain and injury. For most people, it is an effective exercise with no extreme risks involved. Take my word for it, it’s a nice way to go out of the house and do some hard workouts while enjoying the sights and smells of the outdoors. | <urn:uuid:bee6a353-1d09-4ee2-bec1-cdf250f4d7ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tealgecko.com/do-you-burn-more-calories-by-carrying-a-heavy-backpack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944475 | 1,770 | 2.25 | 2 |
KATC and Jim Olivier’s Family of Companies are at it again with Tools for Schools, , heading to another classroom to deliver supplies that they need.
Anna Olivier tells us that today supplies were delivered to Mamou High School.
Teacher Kaitlyn LaCaze says she applied for supplies for her students to use in art class.
"I applied for Tools for Schools because Mamou High School doesn’t necessarily have an Arts department. Me and the band teacher we pretty much are the Arts department so last time I taught Fine Arts I had to supply a hundred percent canvases, paintbrushes, paper, everything out of my own pocket," LaCaze says.
The delivery means students can do actual art projects in class, she says.
"I did apply for Tools for Schools so that everybody could have an equal opportunity to do art projects," she says.
LaCaze says she hopes this will give her students a boost.
"I requested some paintbrushes, canvases, some paint. Hopefully, it won’t last us all year long but it will at least be able to like kickstart our year doing some projects and not just learning off of paper packets and slideshows about the arts we want to like do the arts," she says. "Thank you, Tools for Schools and the Jim Oliver’s Family of Companies!" | <urn:uuid:9e8120e1-de75-4b7e-b9f4-3e25c0379dba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.katc.com/community/tools-for-schools/tools-for-schools-mamou-high-school | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973034 | 285 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Journal article Open Access
Fairuz Mohd Nasir; Hiroshi Watabe
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an imaging system that can measure hemodynamic changes of the brain. However, the system incapability to measure beyond the brain cortex region make it usage less appealing for in-depth brain studies. To overcome this, many researchers combine fNIRS with other imaging modalities to gain better understanding of the brain activities. In this paper, we described the theory of the registering fNIRS signals and positron emission tomography (PET) image method and performed experiments to validate it. The registration method was validated using specially designed phantom for fNIRS and PET. Polaris system was used to track the position of the phantom which is based on the Polaris markers during fNIRS and PET procedures. The Polaris markers share the same coordinate, thus the fNIRS and PET were calibrated to each other through these markers. To register the fNIRS signal on the PET image, the phantom position in fNIRS coordinate is translated to PET coordinate which allow the probe and the markers being coordinated in PET. Polaris markers were used as the references marker to determine the transformation matrices. The result shows that the fNIRS channel can be viewed on the PET image of the phantom. The transformation error from Polaris to PET is less than 1.00 mm and the precision test is less than 0.1mm while the accuracy is less than 2.8 mm. This result suggests that our theory on the registration method could be used for multimodal image registration between fNIRS and other modalities. | <urn:uuid:0f1f3b0d-9d63-4770-b9d2-fa12439f4d35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zenodo.org/record/5463339 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92972 | 337 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Elon Musk is set to make an announcement about Neuralink, a company designing brain-computer interface technology, on Friday, August 28. It sounds like science fiction, but research in this area has progressed rapidly in recent years, though we’re still far from being able to send emails with our minds. Unlike Musk’s other famous ventures, SpaceX and Tesla, however, Neuralink will be vastly more limited in terms of how fast it can innovate and push out consumer products. Here’s what you should know about the project, including what’s theoretically possible, how sceptical you should be, and who else is designing brain-computer interfaces.
Announced by Elon Musk in 2017, Neuralink will attempt to use “ultra-high bandwidth brain-machine interfaces to connect humans and computers,” or more simply, to connect human brains with computers via implantable brain chips.
At first, Neuralink’s brain-machine interfaces could be used to treat brain disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and depression. They could also be used in conjunction with advanced assistive devices, in which a person’s thoughts could control artificial limbs or other prosthetics. Should Musk’s ultimate vision be achieved, however, this technology would take on a more transhumanistic complexion, allowing future humans to control external devices with their minds, transmit thoughts directly to another person’s brain, and even augment cognitive capacities, such as increased intelligence and memory.
More conceptually, Musk has positioned Neuralink as a potential way for humanity to prevent an AI apocalypse, saying the technology could help us “achieve a sort of symbiosis with artificial intelligence,” as he said when the project was launched three years ago. By boosting our puny brains, he argued, we will stand toe-to-toe with our advanced technologies, in a kind of “can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em” solution to the pending problem, which I critiqued back in 2017.
These ideas are nothing new, of course. Science fiction has been on top of this for decades, whether it be William Gibson’s cranial jacks, Iain Banks’s neural lace, The Matrix’s brain plug, or any speculative vision in which human minds commune directly with the digital realm.
So this all sounds very fascinating — and it is — but here’s the requisite bucket of cold water: Unlike electric cars or rockets, brain-computer interfaces are considered medical devices, which means the company will have to go through the appropriate regulatory channels to get its experiments and products approved for use in humans, including consent from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Like other drug and medical device developers, whether public or private, Neuralink will have to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of its products, typically through meticulous and time-consuming clinical trials. Given that the company wants to implant chips into people’s brains — including the brains of perfectly healthy people — this will present some unique challenges, involving timeframes that may be measured in decades. Neuralink will also be hampered by the fact that some of its more futuristic offerings will be considered an enhancement, not a therapy, which will undoubtedly further complicate regulatory approvals.
Despite these challenges, scientists have made great strides over the years as they try to turn science fiction into reality. Elon Musk might get the most media attention, but not-so-famous researchers have been making breathtaking progress in this area, giving us a sneak preview of what might actually be possible.
Last year, a team of neuroscientists from Columbia University translated brain waves into recognisable speech, while a team from the University of California San Francisco built a virtual vocal tract capable of simulating the mechanical aspects of verbal communication by tapping directly into the human brain. In 2016, a brain implant allowed an amputee to use their thoughts to move the individual fingers of a prosthetic hand. Brain-machine interfaces have also been used to create mind-controlled robotic exoskeletons and restore a sense of touch and partial motor function in people with spinal injuries. Some interesting work has also been done to mediate brain-to-brain communication in humans, though it’s still early days.
Work in nonhuman animals has also yielded good results. Notable examples include a wireless brain-machine interface that allowed a monkey to control a wheelchair with its mind and a brain implant that enabled monkeys to type at 12 words a minute using only their thoughts.
Musk’s foray into this world is hardly groundbreaking, at least for now. What’s potentially different is the scale, funding, and intent of the Neuralink mission, not to mention the charismatic nature of Elon Musk himself. That said, there are some rival projects outside of academia, including similar endeavours launched by Facebook (which recently purchased neural interface startup Ctrl-labs in a deal worth somewhere between $US500 ($697) million and $US1 ($1) billion); Kernel (a $US100 ($139) million project launched by Braintree founder Bryan Johnson); and the U.S. government’s DARPA, which has devoted $US65 ($91) million to its effort. Musk, it would seem, is hardly the only person throwing big money at this sort of initiatives, and it remains to be seen if Neuralink will succeed in what appears to be an increasingly competitive space.
The Neuralink system will employ “neural lace” technologies (an apparent hat tip to author Iain Banks) — presumably a method for using brain implants, or a kind of implantable mesh, to connect brains with an external computer using a “direct cortical interface,” as the Wall Street Journal reported back in 2017.
As of 2019, $US158 ($220) million in funding has been channeled to the project, including $US100 ($139) million from Mr. Musk himself, reports the New York Times. The company already employs 90 people and has plans to include neurosurgeons from Stanford University and possibly elsewhere.
Neuralink will take an incremental approach to the problem, starting with the treatment of brain disorders and then scaling up to more enhancement-minded applications. Boosting the bandwidth of information coming out from the brain will be critical to any progress. This will almost certainly have to involve wireless brain implants (as opposed to non-invasive techniques such as EEG), requiring surgery and flexible, durable, biocompatible components.
Musk disclosed further details of the Neuralink approach back in July 2019 during a live-streamed presentation at the California Academy of Science. Their solution, as also elucidated in the company’s whitepaper, would involve a sewing machine-like robot, which a surgeon would use to implant ultra-thin threads, or probes, into a person’s brain. At just 5 to 6 nanometres wide, these threads would be thinner than human hair.
These threads would connect to chips embedded in the skull, like strings of pearls. As noted in the whitepaper, the machine would be capable of implanting six threads, or 192 electrodes, per minute. The Neuralink team has already demonstrated “the rapid implantation of 96 polymer threads, each thread with 32 electrodes for a total of 3,072 electrodes,” according to the paper. Brain surgery would still be required, but Neuralink president Max Hodak envisions the same task being accomplished by lasers, as a way of avoiding mechanical drilling, according to the New York Times.
Neuralink has already demonstrated a system capable of reading information from 1,500 implanted electrodes, though in rats. Still, this is 15 times better than current systems used on humans.
“It’s impressive to see how quickly they have got to this point, and will be interesting to see how far they get,” wrote Andrew Jackson, professor of neural interfaces at Newcastle University, in an email. “Theirs is one of a number of efforts to ‘read’ the electrical activity of large numbers of brain cells. The Neuralink approach is to insert many flexible polymer threads into the brain using a sort of sewing machine. The threads attach to an electronic package implanted under the skin.”
Jackson described other notable approaches in which electronics are incorporated onto small silicon needles, including the Neuropixels probe developed by Tim Harris from the Naelia Research Campus at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The $US5.5 ($8) million collaboration has already produced probes capable of recording more than 700 neurons simultaneously. Jackson also pointed to a concept called “neural dust,” in which many small, wireless implants are distributed throughout the brain.
“Only time will tell whether Elon has backed the right horse,” said Jackson. “One thing this does demonstrate is the potential for commercial investment to advance the field of neural interfaces. Until recently, neuroscientists were using some pretty old-fashioned equipment to record from the brain, so it’s great to see this kind of interest and investment from Silicon Valley.”
Neuralink was supposed to have started tests on human subjects by now, but it hasn’t. It’s possible the company was overly ambitious with its timelines, or it was denied the requisite approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but we really don’t know. The company has expressed interest in opening its own animal testing facility in San Francisco, highlighting its need for ongoing experimentation with animal models.
Kevin Warwick, an expert on brain-machine interfaces from Coventry and Reading Universities, likes that Neuralink is using thin polymer probes, and not just because they’re flexible.
“This is great because different patterns of multiple electrodes can be fabricated. It should also help with regard to mechanical issues, as they’re unlikely to break,” he explained in an email. “The problem is how to insert it into the brain, for which they have designed a robot.”
Warwick says the whitepaper includes a “hand waving” description of the robot, which is regrettable, as it’s “critical to the whole method,” he said. “If the robot can do what they say it can, then we would be able to have many electrodes in multiple sites. But for me, this is the part that needs to be proved — can they insert such polymer probes reliably, safely, accurately into the brain, and show that the robot works on the human brain?”
Looking ahead, the Neuralink team — and anyone else working on neural interface devices — will need to overcome several major challenges, including the invasive nature of the technology, developing a universal way to map brain signals (each system will have to learn the idiosyncrasies of each person’s brain), and scaling the required testing (both in nonhuman animals and people) in safe, ethical, and effective ways.
They’ll also have to deal with potential unforeseen problems, such as excessive heat generated by the implants or rapid obsolescence of implanted devices. Importantly, the researchers will have to determine if all that data being transferred out of the brain can actually be applied to something useful and in a way that attracts commercial interest. There’s still lots we don’t know about the human brain and how it works, so it may be a stretch to assume these current strategies will work as intended.
We’re interested to hear Musk’s announcement on August 28 and to learn what progress has been made in the past year. But we’re not ready to hype up this project just yet, as we should expect slow and incremental updates, given the complex nature of the endeavour. | <urn:uuid:fbb8a245-e744-45ed-87a5-63a72b42e548> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2020/08/what-to-know-about-neuralink-elon-musks-brain-computer-interface-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947093 | 2,437 | 2.796875 | 3 |
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Mustang was first offered for sale to the public on April 17, 1964. Twenty-two thousand Mustangs were sold that day. A year later over 400,000 Mustangs were on the road. Mustang became the most iconic "pony car" of the muscle car era. Artist David Snyder has portrayed some of his favorite Mustangs in his newest painting "Feeding The Herd" with memories of the day when a busy gas station on every corner was the norm. The featured Mustangs in this painting are owned by one of Snyder's foremost collectors and the original painting "Feeding The Herd" is now included that collection.
Prints of "Feeding the Herd" are reproduced from the original painting. Only 500 signed and numbered limited edition prints (22”x28”). $25 Shipping on all prints.
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FAST & FREE | <urn:uuid:14922765-1b5d-4cc3-8dac-ad2f7dec8996> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://waltgracevintage.com/products/feeding-the-herd-limited-edition-print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972428 | 222 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Excavations of a waterlogged waste dump in the centre of Newcastle, United Kingdom, uncovered numerous Medieval artefacts, including pottery and bones.
The excavations were carried at the Newgate Street construction site. The finds are described by researchers as some of the richest discoveries ever in the city. Among the finds are fragments of pottery, animal bone and leather. The objects have been preserved in an ancient rubbish dump, dating back to the 12th century. A woven wood fence and the boundaries of a home running parallel to the modern street were also uncovered. A pit which was believed to have been used as an oven was also found inside the boundaries of a building.
Most of the finds came from a medieval midden or rubbish dump which contained animal bone, leather and green-glazed pottery. Archaeologist Richard Carlton from The Archaeological Practice states that there was about a metre depth of midden with organic material and filth, including several examples of animal horn neatly cut, presumably for reuse as handles or another function. The pottery finds suggest that this site was in occupation during the 12th-14th centuries, with some of the pottery potentially being from an earlier date. The artefacts will be examined by specialists before being carbon dated to pinpoint the exact time period they are from.
(after Chronicle Live) | <urn:uuid:d8fc4dae-544b-4755-b25e-4a7d52004193> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archaeofeed.com/2018/02/various-artefacts-found-within-old-waste-dump/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979484 | 271 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The 2020 election is less than a year away. Below are some dates and deadlines voters need to know as the race to the White House ramps up.
Democrats are holding 12 primary debates (six in 2019).
November 20 is the fifth Democratic primary debate to he held in Atlanta, GA
December 19 is the sixth Democratic primary debate to be held in Los Angeles, CA
January-April 2020 we will see six more primary debates.
Important 2020 Dates
February 3 marks the Iowa caucus, where Iowans will cast their vote. Republicans use secret ballots, while Democrats stand together in groups to show their support. The results here will winnow the field.
February 11 is the New Hampshire caucus where voters will cast the first round of primary votes in the country, which plays an important role in setting the tone of the contest for the rest of the nation.
February 18 voter registration ends for the Presidential Preference Primary in Florida. This is also the last day that voters can update their party affiliation. We need to continue to remind our friends and neighbors that they need to be registered as a Democrat if they would like to have a say in the selection of our next President. Eligible voters can vote by mail, by early voting or at the polls. (This date is subject to change).
February 29 is the South Carolina Democratic primary. Pay attention to the results, as they will speak to the candidates’ strengths with black voters.
March 3 is “Super Tuesday” a make-or-break primary day on which Texas, California and 11 other states will vote. Super Tuesday accounts for about 40 percent of total delegate allocation.
March 17 is the Presidential Preference Primary in Florida. The primary is part of the nominating process for the presidential election. Voters express their preference for the presidential candidate they would like to represent their party on the General Election ballot in November.
July 13-16 is the Democratic National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a key battleground state.
July 20 voter registration ends for the Primary Election.
August 24-27 is the Republican National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina.
August 18 is the Florida primary for the general election as well as local races plus House and Senate primaries.
September 29 is the first primary debate at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana.
October 5 voter registration ends for the General Election.
October 7 Vice presidential debate, Salt Lake City, Utah.
October 15 Second presidential debate, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
October 22 Third presidential debate, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee
November 3 is Election Day
Early Voting Dates
March 2-15 Presidential Preference Primary
August 3-16 Primary Election
October 19-Nov 1 General Election | <urn:uuid:3d848821-4500-40a9-b26d-3f539add6721> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.charlottedems.com/key-dates-and-deadlines-for-charlotte-county-democrats/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94402 | 557 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Stress – what effect does stress have on your body and what can you do about it?
We all know that stress is not good for us. But what effect does stress actually have on your body and what can you do to reduce it? That’s what we’re discussing today.
What is stress?
Stress is a form of tension. A certain amount of tension can cause better performance. At those moments we speak of short-term stress. During a job interview, for example, this short-term stress can arise. After the interview, this disappears and you become calm again.
Do you have prolonged stress? Then certain complaints can occur, psychological or physical. If the stress is not reduced, chronic complaints can arise, such as chronic fatigue, anxiety disorders, depression or overstraining of the muscles.
Stress is probably also related to being overweight. This may be because more of the hormone cortisol is produced. Cortisol is related to the fat storage around the abdomen and the preference for sugar- and fat-rich foods. It is therefore important not to have too much stress.
What effect does stress have on diabetes?
- stress can make your blood sugar rise quickly -> hyper
- stress can drop your blood sugar level significantly -> hypo
- the body responds less well to insulin due to the increase in the stress hormone
How can you prevent/reduce stress?
First of all, it is important to have an overview of your situation. Think carefully about where the stress comes from and what you can do about it.
- what gives you energy?
- what costs your energy
- talk to someone or write down your feelings and thoughts
- does it help to make appointments or to organize things differently?
- think about how you can improve the conditions so that it is less stressful
Make sure you relax:
Second of all; provide relaxation. Relaxation allows the body to take a break from stress and to recover. Of course everyone has their own ways to relax, but here are a few ideas you can do for relaxation:
- listen to music
- walk in nature
- take a warm bath or shower
- get a massage
- read a book
- do yoga
In addition, it is important to continue to eat healthy, avoid alcohol, sleep on time and also get up on time. | <urn:uuid:18f85f1c-bf89-4e28-8c47-8fdff3e8291a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diabeteszorgonline.nl/en/stress-what-effect-does-stress-have-on-your-body-and-what-can-you-do-about-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954264 | 498 | 2.84375 | 3 |
By implementing coordinated postvention response efforts, it is expected that community education paired with survivor outreach and support will promote healing and prevent emotional distress, suicidal thoughts and behaviors including the reduction of attempts and deaths.
Postvention response refers to the actions and interventions conducted in the immediate aftermath of a suicide event in addition to the short and long term. A suicide event includes a suicide death, attempt, multiple deaths or attempts, or other crises or traumatic events that significantly impact the individual, family, and community.
What can schools do?
Media and Safe Messaging:
2020 Intentional Self-harm (suicide) Deaths:
Suicide Loss Survivors
- Mental Health and Suicide Prevention How to Talk to Children and Youth (PDF)
- Mental Health and Suicide Prevention How to Talk to Children and Youth Spanish (PDF)
- The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention’s (AFSP) Resources for Loss Survivors: A suicide prevention nonprofit organization that provides programs, educates, raises funds for suicide research and programs, and reaches out to those who have lost someone to suicide.
- The Colorado Chapter of the AFSP: AFSP events and resources specific to Colorado.
- The American Association of Suicidology (AAS): Suicide Loss Survivors Webpage: Books and resources for suicide loss survivors.
- The Suicide Prevention Coalition of Colorado (SPCC): This nonprofit’s mission is to reduce suicide and its impact for all Coloradans through advocacy, collaboration, and education. Additionally, the Suicide Prevention Coalition of Colorado provides iCare packages to grieving families at no charge.
- Judi’s House: A free-standing organization in the Metro Denver area devoted solely to providing research-based care to grieving children and their families.
- The Dougy Center: The National Center for Grieving Children and Families: Provides support and resources for children, teens, young adults, and their families grieving a death can share their experiences.
- Uniting for Suicide Postvention (USPV): Provides resources and support for everyone touched by suicide loss.
- Reporting on Suicide: The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is a hotline for individuals in crisis or for those looking to help someone else. To speak with a certified listener, call 1-800-273-8255.
- Language Matters When Talking About Suicide – Mental Health Center of Denver
Schools and Higher Education After a Suicide Death
- The “After a Suicide: A Toolkit for Schools – 2nd Edition” (PDF): A toolkit for schools after a suicide death has occurred.
- The Higher Education Mental Health Alliance’s “Postvention: A Guide for Response to Suicide on College Campuses” (PDF): A guide for college campuses after a suicide death has occurred.
- After a Campus Suicide: A Postvention Guide for Student-Led Responses (PDF): The purpose of this guide by Active Minds is to assist students in leading a campus-wide response in alignment with their campus’s postvention plan or in place of such a plan if none exists.
Workplace after a Suicide Death
- A Manager’s Guide to Suicide Postvention in the Workplace: 10 Action Steps for Dealing with the Aftermath of Suicide. This guide provides workplace leaders with clear action steps for suicide postvention, including immediate, short-term, and long-term responses to help employees.
- A Manager’s Guide to Suicide Postvention in the Workplace provides clear steps for postvention, giving leadership a sense of how to: provide an immediate response to the traumatic event; follow a short-term recovery plan; and develop long-term strategies for helping employees cope.
- Community Mental Health Centers are valuable resources to support postvention at the workplace.
These are the media partners who took the pledge:
The partners will be added soon. | <urn:uuid:d3303c01-b0ad-439e-8a0b-088b45e4ad4a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spcollab.org/after-a-suicide-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.899627 | 802 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Crystals That Sparked South African ‘Diamond Rush’ Are Identified as Quartz
In the world of fine gemstones, looks can sometimes be deceiving. This was the hard lesson learned by 3,000 fortune seekers who descended on Ladysmith, South Africa, early last week after a cattle herder stumbled upon a large clear crystal that appeared to be a diamond.
The resulting “diamond rush” was supported by the fact that South Africa has been a world leader in diamond production for the past 150 years. The country currently hosts seven major diamond mines and generates more than 7 million carats per year. In fact, the largest diamond ever discovered — the 3,106-carat Cullinan — was unearthed in 1905 about 400km northwest of Ladysmith, near Pretoria.
Armed with picks and shovels, people from across the country rushed to the eastern KwaZulu-Natal province, where a 50-hectare (123-acre) search area became a field of dreams.
Sadly, those dreams were dashed when a local official announced on Sunday that the rare “diamonds” of Ladysmith were merely quartz crystals.
“The tests conducted conclusively revealed that the stones discovered in the area are not diamonds as some had hoped,” said Ravi Pillay, a provincial executive council member for economic development and tourism.
Quartz is the second-most-abundant mineral on planet Earth, just behind feldspar. The quartz crystals mined at the site in Ladysmith carried little or no value.
While most of the amateur miners packed up their belongings and headed home, about 500 stayed on the site, convinced that the stones had real value and that the government officials may not have been telling the truth.
Meanwhile, Pillay said that the search area posed a threat to grazing cattle because it was pocked with numerous holes, some as deep as one meter. | <urn:uuid:df0ea358-3b7a-40dc-8e84-b74522c5ffc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jeffreymannfinejewelers.com/blog/2021/Jun/23/crystals-that-sparked-south-african-diamond-rush/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968496 | 402 | 3.109375 | 3 |
by Brad Rowen
Anyone who’s watched a huge, carefully constructed domino palace fall into a pile of disjointed plastic knows it’s true: it is easier to destroy than to create. If we’re honest, we know it can also provide a certain rush. Just watch this video if you have any doubts. It’s shows 128,000 dominoes falling, setting a world record a few years ago. The video is just seven and a half minutes long. I can only guess what tiny fraction that is of the time it took to set up. One thousandth? One ten-thousandth?
Dominoes, it should be noted, are setup for the expressed purpose of seeing them fall. You can argue that the reward doesn’t match the effort, but the trade-off is clear. And it takes a certain strength of character to get through the occasional mishap. The patience of those who execute such phenomenal displays is entirely admirable, to be sure.
On the other hand, that admiration can fade with the nature of the task. At some point, our patient practitioner becomes a bit exasperating. That same concentration that makes dominoes so much fun may lead to a diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive disorder if applied to folding the clothes or detailing your car.
Our appetite for destruction has limits too. Knocking over dominoes is fine. But a child who wants to see what happens when he puts a toy in the oven is unlikely to be rewarded. In fact, outside the world of dominoes we could probably graph a pretty clear relationship between value invested in an object and our joy in its destruction, with some intersection of these lines determining whether the destroyer is fun-loving or demented. Our worst judgements would no doubt be reserved for those who carelessly destroy things that they need, things that are important to their ongoing daily lives.
We’d be particularly incensed if someone destroyed something precious or something very old. No one wants to turn a pyramid into a drive-through falafel restaurant or sell raffle tickets to blow up the Rocky Mountains. In fact, the older it is, the harder it is to recreate, the crazier it is needlessly destroy it. If something takes hundreds of thousands of years to make, only fools would carelessly waste it, especially we could use less rare materials to produce the same result.
If you’re a regular reader here, you know the punchline already. Petroleum, a precious natural resource, requires the utmost patience to develop. Its timelines are geological, unfathomably long for mere mortals. And yet, so careless are we that we use it for everything—even something as fleeting as a plastic bottle that holds a drink of water. And we don’t do it just once, but 80 billion times a year.
It doesn’t have to be that way. We can replace those scarce resources with plant fiber—grown in a process we can watch and repeat, year after year, with no diminishing returns. The Paper Water Bottle, like those dominoes, was designed to last just long enough—to provide satisfaction, without harming anything else in the process. That’s a Refreshing Alternative.
Amazing! Our corporate culture matches Paper Water Bottle… save the planet!
Thank you for pursuing this important innovation! Paper Water Bottle is genius!
This concept is excellent! Hotels everywhere need Paper Water Bottles.
The Cosmetics industry needs to use Paper Water Bottle technology! Wonderful break through.
This is great. My university should order all our water in Paper Water Bottles!
Request More Information
You can order bottles or samples online. Looking for something custom or a larger opportunity? Contact us to create custom packaging for high-volume products or about using our technology to produce bottles directly for your customers. | <urn:uuid:a378fa96-0fe5-449f-be7c-38281a923293> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://paperwaterbottle.com/tipping-points/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930605 | 807 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Communities of Practice
5 November 2008
Articles for this issue
PARK RANGERS - Here is your chance! A new CoP was recently launched within the Natural Resources Management Gateway that is devoted to park rangers. The site contains beneficial information for every park ranger, from the new hire to the seasoned veteran. This CoP functions as a "one-stop-shop" for Park Ranger needs within the Gateway.
Right-now your help is needed. We are asking YOU what you think are the 3 most positive and negative aspects of the USACE Park Ranger Program as part of our "3-Up and 3-Down Survey". Once completed, this will help us identify the issues that matter and impact you.
Check out the Park Ranger Gateway - Specific features include:
Be sure to visit http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/rangers.cfm
Invasive species are a serious threat to USACE lands and waters. A species alert online reporting form has been added to the NRM Gateway to improve sharing of information about new invasive species on our projects. To report a new invasive species go to http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/employees/invasive/alerts/alerts.cfm?Option=Start and complete the online form. Once the alert is complete it will be posted on the Invasive Species pages. The alert provides an avenue to share information about new invasions, impacts and management.
The SmartBooks have recently been improved. They contain contact information and listings of individuals and teams responsible for various program areas. In order for the system to be useful, it is necessary for individuals to submit, review and correct their contact information and program responsibilities. The SmartBooks are only accessible from an official office (army.mil) computer and are not available to the general public, due to privacy considerations.
Users have been given the ability to edit their full entry: contact information and where applicable, their role as a Project, District, or Division program or national team representative. You can also "add" yourself to the SmartBooks if you are not currently listed.
There are 3 different SmartBooks:
Go to http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/employees/people.cfm to check your SmartBook entry. If your name is missing, please be sure to "add" your information to the appropriate SmartBook.
All the photos collected this year have been used to create a Corps Photo Album for the CorpsLakes.us website. These photos help market your lake's areas and activities, and are available to others for use in presentations, etc. Please continue to send photos of your lake, community events, outdoor education, visitors, and various activities including biking, hiking, boating, fishing, hunting, and camping.
Photo Specifics - What to Send Us:
Types of photos required - DIGITAL ONLY!
You must follow your District policy involving PAO for approval of these photos before you provide them to CorpsLakes.
Please provide the photo (label it and relate it to the information listed)
Email to firstname.lastname@example.org - 10 MEG Limit per email, multiple emails permitted!
Don't forget to get photograph waivers from people https://www.lr b.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/Movie/Release_Form.pdf
Please visit http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/visitors/album.cfm? Option=Start&Id=0&Activity=None to view all the wonderful submissions!
Privacy and Security Notice
Updated: August 2022 | <urn:uuid:5e6205b8-a392-4927-aaea-ed70205ed548> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://corpslakes.erdc.dren.mil/glimpse.cfm?Step=Issue&Id=24&CoP=nrm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.908298 | 794 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Duration: 1 year, renewable
Duty Station: Athens, Greece
Occupation: Full time engagement
The Global Water Partnership (GWP) is a multi-stakeholder platform supported by a global secretariat that is established as an intergovernmental organization to support countries in their efforts to implement a more equitable and sustainable management of their water resources. The GWP network spans 13 regions with more 60 country water partnerships and over 3,000 institutional Partners in 180+ countries. The global secretariat is hosted by the GWP Organisation (GWPO) located in Stockholm, Sweden. More information: www.gwp.org
The Global Water Partnership – Mediterranean (GWP-Med) is responsible for the Mediterranean region, covering countries of the Near East, North Africa, Southeastern Europe and the European Union. GWP-Med is legally represented by MIO-ECSDE, holding non- governmental organization (NGO) status, based on a Host Institute Agreement between GWPO and MIO-ECSDE. GWP-Med is serviced by the GWP-Med Secretariat, currently with human capacities in Athens, Beirut, Ohrid, Podgorica, Pristina, Tirana and Tunis. For more information: www.gwpmed.org
GWP-Med is seeking to recruit a Programme Officer (PO) to:
- manage, implement and further develop the GWP-Med Technical Water Solutions agenda in a Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus content as well as the interlinked Water-Employment-Migration agenda, with emphasis in South Europe e.g. Greece, Malta, Cyprus, etc. These would materialise primarily through projects supported by The Coca-Cola Foundation, and through other related projects and partnerships supported by private (like Reckitt Benckiser and other interested companies) and institutional entities (like the European Commission, PRIMA Foundation), as relevant.
- develop partnerships with the range of stakeholders, including private companies and foundations, for implementation of and fundraising for the GWP-Med agenda.
- assist implementation and further development of GWP-Med thematic and work agendas in the Mediterranean, including in Western Balkans and Middle East & North Africa, as may be needed and delegated.
More details about the post are provided in the Terms of Reference in Annex I.
Details about the post are provided in the Terms of Reference in Annex I.
Applicants are requested to study the Terms of Reference provided in Annex I. Interested candidates can apply by sending an e-mail to the attention of Ms. Zoe Karka, email@example.com with the indication ‘‘Application for PO/Athens” in the subject, attaching the following documents:
• a motivation letter, in English, briefly explaining why they are a suitable candidate for the advertised position, describing their experience, qualifications and competencies responding to the position’s needs. Contents should focus on the qualifications relative to the position’s requirements. The cover letter should be 1 page max.
• their comprehensive CV, in English,including contact details, past experience and achievements in similar posts, and reference contacts. The CV should be 3 pages max (pertinent annexes may be attached).
Incomplete applications will NOT be considered. Please make sure you have provided all requested information.
Wednesday, 5 May 2021
For further information or clarifications please contact Ms. Zoe Karka, GWP-Med Administration Officer: firstname.lastname@example.org
Job posting originally appear here on GWP-Med's website | <urn:uuid:261ae81b-2f48-44c0-95c7-7f7710d9b65c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.water-energy-food.org/ru/news/vacancy-gwp-med-for-the-recruitment-of-a-programme-officer-athens-based | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.899376 | 766 | 1.539063 | 2 |
In the year 1300, Samuel ben Abraham ibn Nathan, a scribe in the northern Spanish town of Cervera, was nursing a broken tibia. This injury has gone down in posterity because he referred to it on the colophon of an elaborate decorated Bible he had been working on. The French illuminator, Joseph Hazarfati, as well as the micrographer, Abraham ibn Gaon, who penned the commentaries in tiny letters, made note of their work on the Bible.
This volume, known as the Cervera Bible, survived multiple journeys around Spain and then Europe, against all odds. Inscriptions place it with a family from Cordoba in 1379; a century later, it was in La Coruña, Galicia, where its fanciful imagery inspired another Sephardic masterpiece, the Kennicott Bible. Then the trail goes cold—until 1804, just as Jews were being invited back to Portugal, when the secretary of the Portuguese embassy in The Hague learned that “the oldest and most rare Hebrew manuscript” was for sale. An urgent missive went out to António Ribeiro dos Santos, head librarian of Portugal’s newly created Royal Public Library. He authorized the purchase immediately—for a sum said to be 500 times his own annual salary. So, the volume that had been secreted out of Iberia three centuries earlier returned in glory as a valued national treasure.
Since then, Portugal’s National Library, as it’s now called, has exhibited the Cervera Bible only rarely. But starting this week, its distinctive artistry will be showcased as never before. In a rare loan, conservators have let it travel to the Metropolitan Museum of Art—and, in a rarer move, permitted the Met’s curators to turn the pages once a week, for a total of eight times, displaying multiple facets of Hazarfati’s delightful Gothic illuminations. The Portuguese library, meanwhile, has posted a high-resolution, downloadable, online version of the entire manuscript. Now, the library’s deputy director, Maria Inês Cordeiro, told me, viewers can hunt for and zoom in on the 20 places ibn Gaon embedded his own name in the micrography, as in this fire-breathing creature’s feet.
At the Met, the Bible is starring in a special installation on the first floor. It’s surrounded by contemporaneous objects from the Met’s collection, mostly from England and France, bearing similar iconography—medallions, Christian sacred texts, a spectacular Limoges book cover plaque. The show is part of the “Medieval Jewish Art in Context” series, supported by a grant from the David Berg Foundation, which funds loans of important Judaica for display with objects from the museum’s holdings. But the curators, Melanie Holcomb and Barbara Drake Boehn, have cleverly used a different loan program to make another interesting match: A few feet away is the Micrographic Bible, made in Germany circa 1300, which they borrowed from the Jewish Theological Seminary last spring. It got its name, of course, from the exquisite miniature script that creates shapes and designs, a practice common in both Jewish and Islamic art for centuries.
For the first time, that commonality is also illustrated in permanent-collection galleries at the Met—in the new space for Art of the Arab Lands, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and Later South Asia (unofficially known as the Islamic galleries). Here, too, because the Met doesn’t own any major Judaica from these cultures, it has relied on loans: The entire section representing Jewish culture in Al Andalus, including tiles from Toledo’s El Tránsito synagogue, is comprised of objects borrowed from the Hispanic Society of America in upper Manhattan. One highlight is the stunning Hispano-Moresque Bible, finished in Seville in 1472. Unlike its counterparts in the medieval galleries, this volume features no images of people or animals: The patterns formed by its micrography are strictly floral and geometric, conforming with Islamic precepts. It closely resembles the Quranic pages strategically installed in the same vitrine.
If you’re counting, that makes three medieval Hebrew Bibles on view at one time at the Met—an apparently unprecedented circumstance, and one that curators say was not coordinated by the two departments. (A fourth Bible, a late-15th-century Spanish volume also on loan from the Hispanic Society, is standing by, waiting to be installed in the Met’s Arab-lands galleries when other objects are switched out.)
For repeat visitors of the Cervera installation, one highlight will be pages from the Sefer Mikhlol, the grammatical treatise that accompanies the sacred text, where Joseph Hazarfati did his most fantastical work. As the display changes, coming weeks will bring centaurs, unicorns, mermen, and several courtly hunting scenes—a dog chases a hare; a falconer and a crossbow-aiming figure converge on a bird perched on a crenelated tower. Do such motifs hold larger symbolism for Sephardic Jews? “Sometimes a crossbow is just a crossbow,” Boehm said. Vassar scholar Marc Michael Epstein wasn’t so sure—in other Jewish medieval iconography, he noted, such images can be read as metaphors for persecution, betrayal, or exile. “To assume that nothing is ever going on may be naive,” he said. “To assume that profundities are always going on is over-reading. The truth may lie somewhere in between.”
That’s probably also the case with the forces that brought these Bibles together at the Met. At the very least, their simultaneous presence seems to reflect a multi-departmental initiative to incorporate Judaica into the narrative that the permanent-collection galleries tell. The divergence in sources and sponsors for the loans in the two departments may also be relevant, or not. Same with outreach. The Washington Haggadah, first in the “Medieval Jewish Art in Context” series, was on view last Passover. The next loan in the series, of the Rylands Haggadah, is slated for Passover next year. The Cervera Bible, as it happens, includes one of the most famous images of a menorah in art history: the Menorah of Zechariah’s Vision, that mesmerizing candelabra, emanating from an intense azure ground, familiar from countless Jewish book covers and tallit bags. That’s the page that goes on view December 20—the day Hannukah begins. | <urn:uuid:2db893d0-74c3-4540-9e49-c4e658e20a96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/everything-is-illuminated | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945819 | 1,412 | 2.53125 | 3 |
While the Coronavirus pandemic continues, so many workers are having to return to their workplace.
As employers look to improve the cleaning and personal hygiene standards of their environment, many are not considering the indoor air quality levels.
Whether you’re currently welcoming staff members back to their office or shared workspace or, are hoping to do so in the near future, improving indoor air quality is vital.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) have found evidence to suggest COVID-19 and the additional variants being formed, spread through air particles rather than across hard surfaces.
One of the biggest challenges to improving indoor air quality of any workplace environment, is eliminating the viruses.
Workplace air quality
Not only is workplace air quality compromised by the increased risk of transmitting Coronavirus; many employees with a string of allergies could be effected.
It has been known, in environments with extremely high levels of air pollution, for individuals to develop asthma and other problems with their overall health.
The Times newspaper reported earlier this year that the Government are proposing newer offices, commercial properties and other buildings should install improved ventilation systems.
Not only should they be installed, but they should provide fresh, clean air at a 50% higher rate than existing systems used throughout the UK. The Government are hoping to not only address the risk of poor indoor air quality, but to protect against any future virus outbreaks.
We also understand that improved air quality can contribute towards increased productivity across the workforce.
While workplaces continue to provide hand sanitising stations and wipes to regularly clean hands and surfaces, it is important to remember viruses can be transmitted via airborne particles.
Wearing a face covering can protect against transmission, so long as the coverings remain clean. Regularly washing or providing fresh masks or shields can ensure safety isn’t compromised. The Government have suggested 1 in 3-people who have Coronavirus, don’t have any symptoms and so can spread the virus without realising it.
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Get in touch with our experts to arrange a demonstration. | <urn:uuid:614f7a08-8931-4fd3-94c5-80f0bcadb46f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://evergenair.com/2021/04/29/how-to-improve-air-quality-within-your-workplace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950559 | 768 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Wednesday, 4 June 2014
It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you, and such sexual immorality as is not even named among the Gentiles—that a man has his father’s wife! 1 Corinthians 5:1
At the end of the previous chapter, Paul noted those who were “puffed up” in their conduct. To close out the chapter he said, “What do you want? Shall I come to you with a rod, or in love and a spirit of gentleness?” This sets the tone for chapter 5 which begins with words that are hard to imagine in any society at any time.
“It is actually reported…” indicates that Paul received word about the matter. But it also indicates that it is a known matter; something not hidden from the outside world. It was probably Chloe who reported this as she was the source of Paul’s writing in the first place as was previously seen in chapter 1 –
“For it has been declared to me concerning you, my brethren, by those of Chloe’s household, that there are contentions among you.” 1 Corinthians 1:11
“That there is sexual immorality among you…” This is the reason for Paul’s mentioning of “a rod” as noted above. This is something which is intolerable within the body and which needs to be addressed. Bringing this up here in his epistle, which is recorded in the Bible, indicates that it is an offense for all ages, not something merely cultural within the area of Corinth. The implication then at this point, and throughout the rest of the New Testament, is that sexual immorality is not to be practiced or excused.
But there is more. This wasn’t just a case of sexual immorality which occurred through momentary passions. Instead, it was a deliberate act and one which was considered deplorable in the society at that or any time. This can be discerned from the words “and such sexual immorality as is not even named among the Gentiles…” What was being practiced was reprehensible even among the Gentiles. This wasn’t a matter of merely reinserting the law of Moses (see Leviticus 18:8). Rather, it was a matter which is written on the conscience of all people (see Romans 1:28-32).
Because of the offending nature of the act, and because even the Gentiles knew the utter impropriety of the matter, how shameful it was for someone in the church to conduct his affairs in such a way. And more – how shameful it was that the church knew about it and had done nothing to correct it (as will be seen in the verses ahead).
And the offence was “that a man has his father’s wife!” This was forbidden by the Law of Moses, which arguably is set aside in Christ, but it was an act which was known to be wrong by all people instinctively. Further, it violated the edict issued by the council in Jerusalem which is recorded in Acts 15 and which stated –
“We have therefore sent Judas and Silas, who will also report the same things by word of mouth. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things: that you abstain from things offered to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well.” Acts 15:27-29
Life application: Doctrine for the Church Age has been given by Paul for our learning, guidance, adherence, and for our good. What is written there has been given for the sake of the church as well as individuals within the church. To flagrantly ignore mandates and exhortations which are prescriptive in nature can only cause harm to both. When one acts in such a manner, they are bringing disgrace upon the name of Jesus Christ. Be firm in your convictions that you will neither act in such a manner, nor allow it to be tolerated in your church.
Lord God, surely Your word has been given to us for our good and for the health of the entire body of saints. Help me to be firm in my convictions that I will never act in a manner contrary to what the Spirit has revealed in the pages of the Bible. And Lord, help me to also be firm in handling such matters which may arise in the church I attend as well. Timidity can only lead to tolerance; tolerance to disobedience; and disobedience to shame. Give me the strength to stand firm on Your precious word. Amen. | <urn:uuid:2a388b65-97b5-4520-8ec2-651a687c7160> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://superiorword.org/1-corinthians-5-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.986181 | 974 | 1.5 | 2 |
CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research In this chapter, you will learn how the methods of social science research go beyond sto- ries in the popular media to help us answer questions like “What are the causes of youth violence?” We will examine the motivations for research using youth violence as a theme. We will also explore the differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods. By the chapter’s end, you should appreciate how the methods of social science can help us understand and answer research questions in criminology and criminal justice.WHAT DO WE HAVE IN MIND? When we were revising this manuscript in the spring of 2010, an unemployed middle-aged man in Eastern China entered a kindergarten and stabbed 28 children and three adults, killing five people. It had been the third school stabbing in China in less than a month. The characteristics of these mass killings in China appear to be very different from school killings in the United States, which largely involve guns and have other students as the offenders. For example, on April 16, 2007, Cho Seung Hui killed 32 students, faculty, and staff and left about 30 others injured on the campus of Virginia Tech in Blacksburg. Cho was armed with two semiautomatic handguns that he had legally purchased and was wearing a vestful of ammunition. As the police were closing in on the scene, he killed himself. The shooting rampage is now the deadliest in U.S. history. Less than a year later, on February 14, 2008, Steven Kazmierczak, who was described as “an outstanding student,” entered a large oceanography class that was in session at Northern Illinois University and opened fire using a shotgun and three handguns, which he had smuggled into the room using a guitar case. A total of 24 people were shot, 6 of whom died, including Kazmierczak, who shot himself before police arrived. Prior to these incidents of mass murder, on April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold turned Columbine High School, in suburban Colorado, into the scene of the deadliest high school shooting in American history. After killing 12 students and a teacher, the youths shot themselves in the head. In the end, 15 people were left dead and 28 were injured. When the bloodbath was over, police found the school in Littleton littered with bombs and other 1 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE booby traps. Harris and Klebold were not typical terrorists. There have been many myths about the two, such as that they were social outcasts at their school (they weren’t) and that they were affiliated with a group known as the Trenchcoat Mafia (they weren’t) (Cullen 2009). But even before the killings, signs of trouble were still evident to many. Harris’s webpages were filled with images of fire, skulls, devils, and weapons, and included recipes for and sketches of pipe bombs. The two young men also wrote poetry about death for their English class and made a video about guns for a video class. Whenever such a tragedy occurs, it causes a media frenzy. Headlines such as “The School Violence Crisis” and “School Crime Epidemic” were plastered across national news- papers and weekly news journals after the Columbine shooting. From a statistical stand- point, these headlines seemed a little late, particularly because the juvenile arrest rate for murder had been declining in the late 1990s. In addition, the thousands of other shootings that occurred in less privileged communities during the same time rarely made the national news. For example, there were no such declarations when an 11-year-old boy was shot and killed in Chicago because he had allegedly shorted an 18-year-old on drug money. And where were such declarations the night two teenagers were shot outside a Baltimore nightclub when guns turned an argument into the final solution? Many factors influence our beliefs about social phenomena, but the media play a large role in how we perceive both problems and solutions. What are your perceptions of vio- lence committed by youth, and how did you acquire such perceptions? What do you believe are the causes of youth violence? Many factors have been blamed for youth vio- lence in American society, including the easy availability of guns, the use of weapons in movies and television, the moral decay of our nation, poor parenting, unaware teachers, school and class size, racial prejudice, teenage alienation, unsupervised Internet access, anti-Semitism, rap and rock music, and the Goth culture. When trying to make sense out of the Littleton incident, then-President Bill Clinton talked about hate, prejudice, commu- nity policing, conflict resolution, parental responsibility, and violence in the culture. Charlton Heston, spokesman for the National Rifle Association, blamed the absence of armed security guards in schools, even though one was present in Littleton. Heston also blamed the parents and the school for allowing kids to wear black. You probably have your own ideas about what factors may be related to violence in general and youth violence in particular. However, the factors you believe are important in explaining a phenomenon may not always be the ones supported by empirical research.REASONING ABOUT THE SOCIAL WORLD Case Study: Exploring Youth Violence The story of just one murderous youth raises many questions. Take a few minutes to read each of the following questions and jot down your answers. Don’t overthink or worry too much about the questions. This is not a test; there are no wrong answers. •• How would you describe Eric Harris? •• Why do you think Eric Harris wanted to kill other students? CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 3 •• Was Eric Harris typical of other teenage murderers? •• How have you learned about youth violence? Now let us consider the possible answers to one of these questions. The information about Eric Harris is somewhat inconsistent (Duggan, Shear, & Fisher 1999). He was the 18-year-old son of white, middle-class professionals. He had an older brother who attended the University of Colorado. Harris apparently thought of himself as a white supremacist, but he also loved music by antiracist rock bands. On his webpage, he quoted from KMFDM, a German rock band whose song “Waste” includes these lyrics: “What I don’t say I don’t do. What I don’t do I don’t like. What I don’t like I waste.” Online, Harris referred to himself as “Darkness.” Do you have enough information now to understand why Eric went on a shooting ram- page in his school? A year before the shootings at Columbine High School, Harris was arrested on a felony count of breaking into a car. A juvenile court put him on probation, required him to per- form community service and take criminal justice classes, and sent him to a school coun- seling program. He was described by one of his probation officers as a “very bright young man who is likely to succeed in life.” Now can you construct an adequate description of Eric Harris? Can you explain the reason for his murderous rampage? Or do you feel you need to know more about him, about his friends and the family in which he grew up? And how about his experiences in school and with the criminal justice system? We have attempted to investigate just one person’s experiences, and already our investigation is spawning more and more questions.Questions and Answers When questions concern not just one person but many people or general social processes, the number of possible answers quickly multiplies. For example, when a Gallup Poll (2007) asked American adults, “In your opinion, what is the single most important thing that could be done to prevent another incidence of school shootings by students, like the recent inci- dent at Virginia Tech?” respondents offered many different opinions. The majority of respondents considered the most important preventive factor to fall within the category of increased student supervision (28%). About 1 in 5 respondents believed increased school security was the answer, 13% thought we needed tougher gun control laws, 12% thought more counseling for students would do the trick, 8% believed better upbringing by parents was the answer, while 9% believed that nothing could be done to prevent school shootings (10% had no opinion). We cannot avoid asking questions about the actions and attitudes of others. We all try to make sense of the complexities of our social world, our position in it, in which we have quite a personal stake. In fact, the more that you begin to “think like a social scientist,” the more questions will come to mind. But why does each question have so many possible answers? Surely our individual per- spectives play a role. One person may see a homicide offender as a victim of circumstance, while another person may see the same individual as inherently evil. Answers to questions we ask in the criminological sciences vary because individual life experiences and circum- stances vary. The study of perceptions about the best prevention strategies conducted by the Gallup Poll (2007), summarized in Exhibit 1.1, gives some idea of how opinions about 4 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE Responses to the Question, In your opinion, what is the single most important thingExhibit 1.1 that could be done to prevent another incidence of school shootings by students, like the recent incident at Virginia Tech? (Gallup Polls, 2007) What Single Factor Would Be the Best Prevention?More Monitoring of Students 28%Enhanced Security 20%Change Gun Laws 13%More Counseling for Students 12%Better Upbringing 8%Nothing Can be Done 9%No Opinion 10% the causes and cures for school violence vary. Despite respondents’ answers regarding the most effective school violence prevention strategies, the overwhelming majority of all respondents (82%) believed that no matter what schools did, they would not be able to prevent school shootings in the future.Everyday Errors in Reasoning People give different answers to research questions for yet another reason: It is simply too easy to make errors in logic, particularly when we are analyzing the social world in which we ourselves are conscious participants. We can call some of these everyday errors, because they occur so frequently. For evidence of everyday errors, just listen to your conversations or the conversations of others for one day. At some point in the day, it is inevitable that you or someone you are talking with will say something like, “Well, I knew a person who did X, and then Y hap- pened.” From this one piece of information, you draw a conclusion about the likelihood of Y. Four general errors in everyday reasoning can be made: overgeneralization, selective or inaccurate observation, illogical reasoning, and resistance to change. Overgeneralization Overgeneralization, an error in reasoning, occurs when we conclude that what we have observed or what we know to be true for some cases is true for all cases. We are always drawing conclusions about people and social processes from our own interactions with them, but sometimes we forget that our experiences are limited. The social (and natural) world is, after all, a complex place. We have the ability (and inclination) to interact with just a small fraction of the individuals who live in the world, especially in a limited span of time. CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 5Selective or Inaccurate ObservationSelective observation is choosing to look only at things that align with our preferences orbeliefs. When we are inclined to criticize individuals or institutions, it is all too easy to noticetheir every failing. We are also more inclined to see the failings of others who are “not likeus.” If we are convinced in advance that all kids who are violent are unlikely to be rehabili-tated and will go on to commit violent offenses in adulthood, we will probably find manycases confirming our beliefs. But what about other youths who have become productive andstable citizens after engaging in violence as adolescents? If we acknowledge only theinstances that confirm our predispositions, we are victims of our own selective observation.Exhibit 1.2 depicts the difference between overgeneralization and selective observation. Our observations also can simply be inaccurate. If a woman says she is hungry and wethink she said she is hunted, we have made an inaccurate observation. If we think fivepeople are standing on a street corner when there are actually seven, we have also madean inaccurate observation. Such errors occur often in casual conversation and in everydayobservation of the world around us. In fact, our perceptions do not provide a direct windowto the world around us, for what we think we have sensed is not necessarily what we haveseen (or heard, smelled, felt, or tasted). Even when our senses are functioning fully, ourminds have to interpret what we have sensed (Humphrey 1992).Exhibit 1.2 T he Difference Between Overgeneralization and Selective Observation Overgeneralization: Selective Observation: “Those people “Those people are never satisfied.” are never satisfied.” 6 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE Illogical Reasoning When we prematurely jump to conclusions or argue on the basis of invalid assumptions, we are using illogical reasoning. For example, it is not reasonable to propose that depic- tions of violence in media such as television and movies cause violence if evidence indi- cates that the majority of those who watch such programs do not become violent. However, it is also illogical to assume that media depictions of gratuitous violence have no effect on individuals. Of course, logic that seems valid to one person can seem twisted or unsound to another; the problem emerges when our reasoning stems from different assumptions rather than a failure to “think straight.” Resistance to Change Resistance to change, the reluctance to change our ideas in light of new information, may occur for several reasons: •• Ego-based commitments. We all learn to greet with some skepticism the claims by leaders of companies, schools, agencies, and so on that people in their organization are happy, that revenues are growing, that services are being delivered in the best possible way, and so forth. We know how tempting it is to make statements about the social world that conform to our own needs rather than to the observable facts. It also can be difficult to admit that we were wrong once we have staked out a position on an issue. •• Excessive devotion to tradition. Some degree of devotion to tradition is necessary for the predictable functioning of society. Social life can be richer and more meaningful if it is allowed to flow along the paths charted by those who have preceded us. But too much devotion to tradition can stifle adaptation to changing circumstances. When we distort our observations or alter our reasoning so that we can maintain beliefs that “were good enough for my grandfather, so they’re good enough for me,” we hinder our ability to accept new findings and develop new knowledge. •• Uncritical agreement with authority. If we lack the courage to critically evaluate the ideas of those in positions of authority, we will have little basis for complaint if they exercise their authority over us in ways we do not like. And if we do not allow new discoveries to call our beliefs into question, our understanding of the social world will remain limited. People often accept the beliefs of those in positions of authority without question. Now take just a minute to reexamine the beliefs about youth violence that you recorded earlier. Did you settle on a simple explanation even though the reality was far more complex? Were your beliefs influenced by your own ego and feelings about your similarities to or differences from individuals prone to violence? Are your beliefs perhaps based on depictions of violence in the media or fiction? Did you weigh carefully the opinions of authority figures, including politicians, teachers, and even your parents, or just accept or reject those opinions? Could knowledge of research methods help to improve your own CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 7understanding of the factors related to violent behavior? By now, you can see some of thechallenges faced by social scientists who study issues related to crime and the criminaljustice system. You do not have to be a scientist or use sophisticated research techniques to recognize andavoid these four errors in reasoning. If you recognize these errors for what they are and makea conscious effort to avoid them, you can improve your own reasoning. Simply stated, refrainfrom stereotyping people, avoid jumping to conclusions, and look at the big picture. Theseare the same errors that the methods of social science are designed to help us avoid.HOW THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IS DIFFERENT The scientific approach to answering questions about the social world is designed to greatly reduce these potential sources of error in everyday reasoning. Science relies on systematic methods to answer questions, and it does so in a way that allows others to inspect and evaluate its methods. In the realm of social research, these methods are not so unusual. After all, they involve asking questions, observing social groups, and counting people, which we often do in our everyday lives. However, social scientists develop, refine, apply, and report their understanding of the social world more systematically, or specifically, than Joanna Q. Public. •• Social science research methods can reduce the likelihood of overgeneralization by using systematic procedures for selecting individuals or groups to study that are representative of the individuals or groups that we wish to generalize. •• Social science methods can reduce the risk of selective or inaccurate observation by requiring that we measure and sample phenomena systematically. •• To avoid illogical reasoning, social researchers use explicit criteria for identifying causes and for determining if these criteria are met in a particular instance. •• Scientific methods lessen the tendency to develop answers about the social world from ego-based commitments, excessive devotion to tradition, or unquestioning respect for authority. Science A set of logical, systematic, documented methods for investigating nature and natural processes; the knowledge produced by these investigations. Social science The use of scientific methods to investigate individuals, societies, and social processes, including questions related to criminology and criminal justice; the knowledge produced by these investigations.Why We Do Criminological Research Like you, social scientists read and hear stories about incidents of violence committed by youth, observe this violence occasionally in their lives, and try to make sense of what they 8 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE see. For most, that is the end of it. But for some social scientists, the problem of youth vio- lence has become a major research focus. The motivations for selecting this particular research focus, as with any social science topic, can be any one or some combination of the following: Policy motivations. Many social service agencies and elected officials seek better assessments and descriptions of youth violence so they can identify needs and allocate responsibility among agencies that could meet these needs. For example, federal agencies such as the U.S. Department of Justice and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention want to identify the magnitude of youth violence, and many state and local officials use social research to guide development of their social service budgets. Programs designed to rehabilitate young offenders often use research to learn more about the needs of their clientele. These policy guidance and program management needs have resulted in numerous research projects. Academic motivations. Young offenders have been a logical focus for researchers interested in a number of questions, ranging from how an individual’s connection to parents and peers influences his or her behavior to how the social conditions under which the person lives, such as poverty, affect his or her behavior. For example, social scientists have long been concerned with the impact that social disorganization has on individual behavior. In the 1920s, researchers at the University of Chicago were interested in the effects that residential mobility and immigration had on levels of crime and delinquency in urban neighborhoods. Today, researchers are exploring similar questions concerning the impact of disintegrating economic bases in central cities and their relationship to crime and violence. Other researchers have focused on individual-level explanations such as neurological damage. Those who study social policy also have sought to determine whether correctional programs such as boot camps and other forms of shock incarceration serve to decrease the probability of juveniles reoffending in the future. Personal motivations. Many who conduct research on youth violence feel that doing so can help to prevent it or ameliorate the consequences of this violence when it occurs. Some social scientists first volunteered with at-risk youth in such organizations as Big Brothers Big Sisters, and only later began to develop a research agenda based on their experiences.Social Criminological Research in Action Youth violence always has been a popular topic of social science research. However, the sharp increase in this violence in the United States that began in the late 1980s was unprecedented. Predictably, whenever a phenomenon is perceived as an epidemic, numerous explanations emerge to explain it. Unfortunately, most of these explanations are based on the media and popular culture, not on empirical research. Despite the anecdotal information floating around in the mass media about the factors that may have contributed to increases in youth violence, social scientists interested in this phenomenon have amassed a substantial body of findings that have refined knowledge about the problem and shaped social policy (Tonry & Moore 1998). These studies fall into the four categories of purposes for social scientific research: CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 9Descriptive research. Defining and describing social phenomena of interest are part ofalmost any research investigation, but descriptive research is the primary focus of manystudies of youth crime and violence. Some of the central questions used in these studieswere “How many people are victims of youth violence?” “How many youth are offenders?”“What are the most common crimes committed by youthful offenders?” and “How manyof the different youth are arrested and incarcerated each year for crime?” Measurement(see Chapter 4) and sampling (see Chapter 5) are central concerns in descriptive research.Exploratory research. Exploratory research seeks to find out how people get along in thesetting under question, what meanings they give to their actions, and what issues concernthem. The goal is to answer the question, “What is going on here?” and to investigate socialphenomena without expectations. This purpose is associated with the use of methods thatcapture large amounts of relatively unstructured information. For example, researchersinvestigating the emergence of youth gangs in the 1980s were encountering a phenomenonof which they had no direct experience. Thus, an early goal was to find out what it was liketo be a gang member and how gang members made sense of their situation. Exploratoryresearch like this frequently involves qualitative methods (see Chapter 8).Explanatory research. Many people consider explanation to be the premier goal of anyscience. Explanatory research seeks to identify causes and effects of social phenomena, topredict how one phenomenon will change or vary in response to variation in some otherphenomenon. Researchers adopted explanation as a principal goal when they began to asksuch questions as “Why do people become offenders?” and “Does the unemployment rateinfluence the frequency of youth crime?” Methods with which to identify causes andeffects are the focus of Chapter 6.Evaluation research. Evaluation research seeks to determine the effects of a social programor other types of intervention. It is a type of explanatory research because it deals withcause and effect. However, evaluation research differs from other forms of explanatoryresearch because it considers the implementation and outcomes of social policies andprograms. These issues may not be relevant in other types of explanatory research. Theincrease of youth violence in the 1980s spawned many new government programs and,with them, evaluation research to assess the impact of these programs. Some of thesestudies are reviewed in Chapter 10, which covers evaluation research. We will now summarize one study in each of these four areas to give you a feel for theprojects motivated by those different concerns.Description: How Prevalent Is Youth Violence? Police reports. One of the most long-term sources of information on lethal violence in the United States is the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). James Fox and Marianne Zawitz have been providing analyses of these homicide data for the Bureau of Justice Statistics for many years, including the most recent data available, for 2005 (Fox & Zawitz 2009). Homicide data indicate that for those under 10 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE the age of 24, vulnerability to murder increased dramatically during the mid-1980s through about 1994 when rates began a steady decline. After 2000, homicide victimization rates for this age group leveled off, but have recently exhibited a slow increasing trend (Fox & Zawitz 2009). What accounted for this unprecedented rise in youth violence during the late 1980s and early 1990s? To answer this question, explanatory research is necessary. Based on their in-depth descriptive analysis of youth violence during this time, Cook and Laub (1998) contend that the increasing homicide rates began with the introduction of crack cocaine and the street-level conflict linked to its exchange. However, the primary factor, they believe, was adolescents’ increased access to guns: “All of the increase in homicide rates was with guns, and it appears to be changing access [to] and use of guns, rather than a change in the character of the youths, that best accounts for their increased involvement in lethal violence” (p. 60). Collecting data that measures the prevalence of nonlethal forms of violence such as robbery and assaults is a bit more complicated. How do we know how many young people are the victims of assault each year? People who report their victimizations to police rep- resent one source for these calculations. The FBI compiles these numbers in its Uniform Crime Reporting system, which is slowly being replaced by the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Both of these data sources rely on state, county, and city law enforcement agencies across the United States to voluntarily participate in the reporting program. Can you imagine why relying on these data sources may be problematic for esti- mating prevalence rates of violent victimizations? If victimizations are never reported to police, they are not counted. This is especially problematic for victimizations between intimate partners and other offenses like rape in which only a fraction of incidents are ever reported to police. Surveys. Instead, most social scientists believe the best way to determine the magnitude of violent victimization is through random sample surveys. While we will discuss survey methodology in greater detail in Chapter 7, this basically means randomly selecting individuals in the population of interest and asking them about their victimization experiences. The only ongoing annual survey to do this is the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Statistics. Among other questions, the NCVS asks questions like “Has anyone attacked or threatened you with a weapon, for instance, a gun or knife; by something thrown, such as a rock or bottle, include any grabbing, punching, or choking?” Estimates indicate that youth aged 12 to 24 have the highest rates of violent victimization. Despite the recent increases observed in homicide rates for this age group in some locations, their victimization trends have generally declined since the peak of the early 1990s mentioned earlier. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is another large research survey that estimates the magnitude of youth violence (along with other risk-taking behavior such as taking drugs and smoking) and has been conducted every 2 years in the United States since 1990. To measure the extent of youth violence, students are asked the following questions: “During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club?” “During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight?” “During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight in which you were injured and had to be seen by a doctor or nurse?” “During the past 30 days, how many CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 11 times did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?” “During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight on school property?” and “During the past 12 months, how many times did someone threaten or injure you with a gun, knife, or club on school property?” Of course, another way to measure violence would be to ask respondents about their offending behaviors. Some surveys do this, including the National Youth Survey (NYS) and the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS). The RYDS sample consists of 1,000 students who were in the seventh and eighth grades in the Rochester, New York, public schools during the spring semester of the 1988 school year. This project has interviewed the original respondents at 12 different times, including the last interview that took place in 1997 when respondents were in their early twenties (Thornberry et al. 2008). (We will discuss longitudinal research of this kind in Chapter 6.) As you can imagine, respondents are typically more reluctant to reveal offending behavior compared to their victimization experiences. However, these surveys have proved to be very useful in examining the fac- tors related to violent offending and other delinquency. We should also point out that although this discussion has been specific to violence, the measures we have discussed in this section, along with their strengths and weaknesses, apply to measuring all types of crime.Exploration: How Do Schools Respond to Gun Violence? Research that is exploratory in nature is generally concerned with uncovering detailed infor- mation about a given phenomenon, learning as much as possible about particular people or events. Asmussen and Creswell (1995) were interested in the responses to school shooting incidents. Because school shootings are relatively rare and empirical literature that addressed the topic was lacking at the time, Asmussen and Creswell performed an in-depth qualitative case study of a shooting incident that occurred at a large public university. The incident took place on an early Monday morning when a male graduate student entered a senior-level actuarial science class armed with a vintage Korean War semiautomatic military rifle loaded with a 30-round clip of .30-caliber ammunition. Twenty of the 34 students in the class were already there, and most of them were quietly reading the students’ newspaper while the instructor was en route to class. The gunman pointed the rifle at the students, swept it across the room, and pulled the trigger. The gun jammed. Trying to unlock the rifle, he hit the butt of it on a desk and quickly tried firing it again. Again it did not fire. By this time, most students had realized what was happening and had dropped to the floor, overturned their desks, and tried to hide behind them. After about 20 seconds, one of the students shoved a desk into the gunman, and students ran past him out into the hall and out of the building. The gunman hastily left the room and went out of the building to his parked car, which he had left running. He was captured by police within the hour. Asmussen and Creswell (1995) were surprised to find that, instead of seeking safety after leaving the classroom, all the students had stood together just outside the building. Although a few were openly emotional and crying, many were kidding about the incident, as if it had posed no real danger. This denial response is noted by the mental health litera- ture, which finds that feelings of fear and anger usually follow an initial response of denial and disbelief. The researchers found that many other people, in addition to the students 12 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE who witnessed the incident, were traumatized by what had occurred. In fact, three distinct groups of people sought counseling services during the weeks following the event. The first group had some direct involvement with the assailant, either by seeing him the day of the gun incident or because they had known him personally. The second group comprised the “silent connection”—individuals who were indirectly involved and yet emotionally trau- matized. Many members of this group were parents. The third group included people who had previously experienced a trauma and whose fears were reactivated by this incident. Because the assailant’s future was in the hands of the criminal justice system, the impor- tance of information from this system became critical to feelings of safety. Two combined debriefing sessions by mental health counselors, the campus police chief, and two county attorneys were held for all those interested. Another phenomenon observed on the campus was an increase in the number of pro- fessors and staff members who were concerned with disruptive students or students who exhibited aberrant behavior in class. To address their concerns, the Student Judiciary Office advised departments on various methods of dealing with students who exhibited abnormal behavior in class. In addition, plainclothes police officers were sent to sit outside class- rooms and offices whenever faculty and staff indicated concerns.Explanation: What Factors Are Related toYouth Delinquency and Violence? What are some of the factors related to youth violence? Using the South Carolina YRBS, MacDonald et al. (2005) examined the efficacy of general strain theory (GST) (Agnew 1992) and Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) general theory of crime in predicting youth violence. GST generally maintains that strain, such as disjunction between expectations and aspira- tions (e.g., wanting a good job but not being able to get one), increases the likelihood that individuals will experience negative emotions, which in turn increases the likelihood of antisocial or violent behavior. These negative emotions include anger, anxiety, dissatisfac- tion, and so on. The general theory of crime claims that a lack of self-control, which is primarily formed by the relationship children have with their parents or guardians, is the motivating factor for all crime. Individuals with low self-control, the theory predicts, will be more likely to pursue immediate gratification, be impulsive, prefer simple tasks, engage in risky behavior, have volatile tempers, and so on. To measure violent behavior, the YRBS asks respondents how many times in the past 30 days they carried a weapon and how many times they were in a physical fight. To measure life satisfaction, MacDonald et al. (2005) used six questions that asked respondents to report on general satisfaction or the degree to which they felt “terrible” or “delighted” about family life, friendships, school, self, residential location, and overall life. To measure self-control, the authors used the indicators of smoking and sexual behavior to represent risky behaviors that are not illegal, since they “reflect impulsivity and short-run hedonism” (p. 1502). Consistent with the general theory of crime, MacDonald et al. found that high school students who reported more impulsive behaviors, indicative of low self-control, also reported greater participation in violent behavior. CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 13Evaluation: Do Violence PreventionPrograms in Schools Work? To reduce violence and create a safer atmosphere at schools across the country, literally thousands of schools have adopted some form of violence prevention training for both students and teachers (Powell, Muir-McClain, & Halasyamani 1995). For students, these programs generally provide cognitive-behavioral and social skills training on various topics using a variety of methods. Such programs are commonly referred to as conflict resolution and peer mediation training. Many of these prevention programs are designed to improve interpersonal problem-solving skills among children and adolescents by training children in cognitive processing, such as identifying the interpersonal problem and generating non- aggressive solutions. However, there is limited evidence that such programs are actually effective in reducing violence. Grossman et al. (1997) assessed the efficacy of one such program for children in elemen- tary school called “The Second Step: A Violence Prevention Curriculum.” The program involved 30 lessons, each lasting about 35 minutes, taught once or twice a week. Each lesson consisted of a photograph accompanied by a social scenario that formed the basis for discus- sion, role playing, and conceptual activities. Lessons were arranged in three units: 1. Empathy training, in which students identified their own feelings and those of others; 2. Impulse control, in which students were presented with a problem-solving strategy and behavioral skills for affecting solutions (e.g., apologizing or dealing with peer pressure); and 3. Anger management, in which students were presented with a coping strategy and behavioral skills for tense situations. Twelve elementary schools in King County, Washington, were similarly paired according to three criteria: the school district, the proportion of students receiving free or reduced- cost lunch, and the proportion of minority enrollment. One school in each pair was randomly assigned either to participate in the Second Step program (experimental groups) or not to participate in the violence prevention training (control groups). Random assignment was necessary so the researchers could be more confident that any differences observed in aggression and violent behavior between the two groups after the program could be attributed to the program alone and not to some other factor. Violent and aggressive behavior was measured in three ways: teacher ratings of each child’s behavior; parent ratings; and direct observation of students by trained observers in the classroom, playground, and cafeteria. Measures of aggression were taken at three time periods: before the start of the curriculum (baseline), 2 weeks after the conclusion of the curriculum, and 6 months after the curriculum. To determine the effectiveness of the Second Step program, researchers examined the change in aggression between scores measured at baseline and those from the second and third periods of data collection. Grossman et al. (1997) found encouraging results: Observed 14 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE physically aggressive behavior decreased significantly more among children who engaged in the curriculum than among children in the control group who were not exposed to the Second Step program. Moreover, prosocial behavior increased significantly among children in the Second Step program compared with the control group. Grossman and colleagues concluded, “This violence prevention curriculum appears to lead to modest reductions in levels of aggressive behavior and increases in neutral/prosocial behavior in school” (p. 1608).STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH These case studies are only four of the hundreds of studies investigating youth violence, but they illustrate some of the questions criminological research can address, several different methods social scientists studying these issues can use, and ways criminological research can inform public policy. Notice how each of the four studies was designed to reduce the errors common in everyday reasoning: •• The clear definition of the population of interest in each study and the selection of a broad, representative sample of that population in two studies increased the researchers’ ability to draw conclusions without overgeneralizing findings to groups to which they did not apply. •• The use of surveys in which each respondent was asked the same set of questions reduced the risk of selective or inaccurate observation. •• The risk of illogical reasoning was reduced by carefully describing each stage of the research, clearly presenting the findings, and carefully testing the basis for cause-and-effect conclusions. •• Resistance to change was reduced by using an experimental design that randomly assigned classes to an experimental treatment (the Second Step program) and a control group to fairly evaluate the efficacy of the program. Nevertheless, it would be misleading to suggest that simply engaging in criminological research will result in the unveiling of absolute truths! Research always has its flaws and limitations (as does any human endeavor), and findings are always subject to differing interpretations. Social research allows us to consider and reveal more, to observe with fewer distortions, and to describe more clearly to others the basis for our opinions, but it will not settle all arguments. Other people will always have differing opinions, and some opposition will come from other social scientists who have conducted their own studies and drawn different conclusions. For example, we must ask ourselves if programs similar to Second Step also reduce levels of aggression among students. Only a handful of studies have used randomized controlled designs to examine these programs, and the results of these studies have been mixed. Like the Grossman et al. (1997) study, some researchers have found a reduction in aggressive behavior by children exposed to such social skills training programs, whereas others have not. Until more scientific research is conducted to evaluate these programs, it is difficult to determine whether these programs should be more widely implemented. CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 15 But even in areas of research that are fraught with controversy, where social scientists differ in their interpretations of the evidence, the quest for new and more sophisticated research has value. What is most important for improving understanding of the social world and issues in criminology is not the results of any one particular study but the accu- mulation of evidence from different studies of related issues. By designing new studies that focus on the weak points or controversial conclusions of prior research, social scientists contribute to a body of findings that gradually expands our knowledge about the social world and resolves some of the disagreements about it. Whether you plan to conduct your own research projects, read others’ research reports, or just think about and act in the social world, knowing about research methods has many benefits. This knowledge will give you greater confidence in your own opinions; improve your ability to evaluate others’ opinions; and encourage you to refine your questions, answers, and methods of inquiry about the social world. Of course, the methods of social science, as careful as they may be, cannot answer all questions of interest to criminologists. Should we do unto others as we would have them do unto us? Does anyone deserve the fate he or she receives? Are humans inherently good or evil? These are all very important questions that have been asked throughout history, but we must turn to religion or philosophy to answer questions about values. Social research on the consequences of forgiveness or the sources of interpersonal conflict may help us understand and implement our values, but even the best research cannot tell us which values should guide our lives.TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS As you will see in this book, the data we utilize in criminological research are derived from many different sources, and the research methods we employ in criminology and criminal justice are very diverse. An experimental approach is used in criminological research, particularly when the efficacy of a program or policy is being evaluated. As we will see in Chapter 6, true exper- iments must have three aspects: two groups (one receiving the treatment or intervention and the other receiving no treatment or another form thereof), random assignment to these two groups, and an assessment of change in the outcome variable after the treatment or policy has been received. Quasi-experimental designs, experiments that lack one of these three ingredients, also are used in our discipline. Chapter 10 focuses exclusively on research designs used in evaluation research. Asking people questions on surveys or questionnaires is another popular method used by criminological researchers and is probably the most versatile. Most concepts about individuals can be defined in such a way that measurement with one or more questions becomes an option. These surveys can be self-administered by respondents (e.g., through the mail) or can be read by an interviewer (e.g., through a telephone survey). Although in principle, survey questions can be a straightforward and efficient means to measure individual characteristics, facts about events, level of knowledge, and opinions of any sort, in practice, survey questions can result in misleading or inappropriate answers. 16 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE All questions proposed for a survey must be screened carefully for their adherence to basic guidelines and then tested and revised until the researcher feels some confidence that they will be clear to the intended respondents (Fowler 1995). Some variables may prove to be inappropriate for measurement with any type of question. We have to recognize that memories and perceptions of events and even honesty may be limited. Specific guidelines for writing questions and developing surveys are presented in Chapter 7. In other cases, a researcher may want to directly participate in the activity being observed. Included in this type of research design is participant observation, which involves developing a sustained relationship with a person or group and observing them while they go about their normal activities. In other instances, the subject matter of interest may not be amenable to a survey, or perhaps we want more detailed and in-depth informa- tion than questions with fixed formats can answer. In these cases, we turn to research techniques such as intensive interviewing. These methods are preferred when we seek in-depth information on an individual’s feelings, experiences, and perceptions. Chapter 8 shows how these methods and other field research techniques can uncover aspects of the social world that we are likely to miss in experiments and surveys. Secondary data analysis (Riedel 2000), which is the reanalysis of already existing data, is another method used by researchers. These data usually come from one of two places: from official sources such as local or federal agencies (e.g., rates of crime reported to police, information on incarcerated offenders from state correctional authorities, adjudication data from the courts), or from surveys sponsored by government agencies or conducted by other researchers. Most of the data collected by government agencies and a great deal of survey data collected by indepen- dent researchers are made available to the public through the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), which is located at the University of Michigan. When docu- ments from the past, such as correspondence, newspaper accounts, and trial transcripts, are analyzed, the research is generally termed historical events research. Another type of indirect measurement is called content analysis. In this type of study, a researcher studies representations of the research topic in such media forms as news articles, TV shows, and radio talk shows. An investigation of the drinking climate on cam- puses might include a measurement of the amount of space devoted to ads for alcoholic beverages in a sample of issues of the student newspaper. Campus publications also might be coded to indicate the number of times that statements discouraging substance abuse appear. Content analysis techniques also can be applied to legal opinions, historical docu- ments, novels, songs, or other cultural productions. With the emergence of increasingly advanced computer technology, crime mapping also has become a popular method for examining the relationship between criminal behav- ior and other geographical space. Chapter 8 covers each of these methodologies and illus- trates the importance of these unobtrusive research techniques in describing criminology and criminal justice.Quantitative and Qualitative Methods In general, research methods can be divided into two somewhat different domains called quantitative research methods and qualitative research methods. Did you notice the CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 17difference between the types of data used in the case studies discussed at the beginning ofthe chapter? The data collected in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey were counts of theresponses students gave on the survey. These data were numerical, so we say that this studyused quantitative methods. MacDonald et al. (2005) looked at the extent to which impul-sivity and life satisfaction affected students’ participation in violence; they examined thisrelationship with statistical methods. This, too, represents quantitative methods. In con-trast, Asmussen and Creswell’s (1995) exploratory study used in-depth interviews withpeople who had experienced the attempted school shooting. This methodology wasdesigned to capture the social reality of the participants as they experienced it, in their ownwords rather than in predetermined categories. Because they focused on the participants’words rather than counts and numbers, we say that this study used qualitative methods. Quantitative methods Methods such as surveys and experiments that record variation in social life in terms of categories that vary in amount. Data that are treated as quantitative are either numbers or attributes that can be ordered in terms of magnitude. Qualitative methods Methods such as participant observation, intensive interviewing, and focus groups that are designed to capture social life as participants experience it, rather than in categories predetermined by the researcher. Data that are treated as qualitative are mostly written or spoken words, or observations that do not have a direct numerical interpretation. The distinction between quantitative and qualitative methods involves more than just thetype of data collected. Quantitative methods are most often used when the research agendasare exploratory, explanatory, descriptive, or evaluative. Exploratory research agendas mostcommonly use qualitative methods, although researchers also use these methods fordescriptive and evaluative purposes. The goals of quantitative and qualitative researchers alsomay differ. Whereas quantitative researchers generally adopt the goal of developing anunderstanding that correctly reflects what is actually happening in the real world, somequalitative researchers instead emphasize the goal of developing a broader, more “authentic”understanding of a social process or social setting (Gubrium & Holstein 1997). We do not want to place too much emphasis on the distinction between qualitative andquantitative methods because social scientists are increasingly combining these methodsto enrich their research. For example, “qualitative knowing” about social settings can beessential for understanding patterns in quantitative data (Campbell & Russo 1999: 141).Qualitative data can be converted to quantitative data—for example, when we count thefrequency of particular words or phrases in a text or measure the time elapsed betweendifferent behaviors that we have observed. Surveys that collect primarily quantitative dataalso may include questions that require written responses, all of which can be used in aqualitative, textual analysis. Researchers using quantitative methods may engage in someexploration in order to find unexpected patterns in their data. Qualitative researchers maytest explicit explanations of social phenomena using textual or observational data.Combining methodologies to answer a research question is called triangulation. The term 18 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE suggests that a researcher can get a clearer picture of the social reality being studied by viewing it from several different perspectives. Each will have its drawbacks and limitations in a specific research application, but all can benefit from a combination of one or more other methods (Brewer & Hunter 1989; Sechrest & Sidani 1995). Triangulation The use of multiple methods to study one research question. Also used to mean the use of two or more different measures of the same variable. As you will see in the chapters that follow, the distinction between quantitative and qualitative data is not always sharp. We’ll examine “mixed method” possibilities in each of the chapters that review specific methods of data collection.SOCIAL RESEARCH GOALS A scientist seeks to develop an accurate understanding of empirical reality, the reality we encounter firsthand, by conducting research that leads to valid knowledge about the world. But when is knowledge valid? In general, we have reached the goal of validity when our statements or conclusions about empirical reality are correct. If you look out your window and observe that it is raining, this is probably a valid observation, if your eyes and ears are to be trusted. However, if you pick up the newspaper and read that the majority of Americans favor the death penalty, this may be of questionable validity because it is probably based on a social survey. In fact, you will see in Chapter 7 that attitudes toward the death penalty vary substantially depending on the wording of the questions asked. To some of you, the goal of validity may sound a bit far-fetched. After all, how can we really be sure our understandings of phenomena are correct when we can perceive the world only through the filter of our own senses? Hopefully, this concern will remind you to be skeptical about new discoveries! This book is about validity more than anything else, about how to conduct research that leads to valid interpretations of the social world. We will refer to validity repeatedly, and we ask you to register it in your brain now as the central goal of all the research conducted in our field. The goal of research conducted by social scientists investigating issues related to criminology and criminal justice is not to come up with conclusions that people will like or conclusions that suit their personal preferences. The goal is to determine the most valid answers through empirical research methods. We must be concerned with three aspects of validity: measurement validity, generaliz- ability, and causal validity (also known as internal validity). Each of these three aspects of validity is essential: Conclusions based on invalid measures, invalid generalizations, or invalid causal inferences will themselves be invalid. We will also be concerned with the goal of authenticity, a concern with reflecting fairly the perspectives of participants in a setting that we study. Imagine that we survey a sample of 250 high school seniors and ask them two questions: “Do you have friends who have taken illegal drugs in the past 6 months?” (the measure of peer behavior) and “Have you taken illegal drugs in the past 6 months?” (respondents’ CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 19 behavior). We then compare the frequency of illegal drug use between students who have friends who have used illegal drugs and those whose friends have not used illegal drugs. We find that students who have friends who have used illegal drugs in the last 6 months are more likely to have used drugs themselves, and we conclude that drug use is, in part, due to the influence of peers. But did our questions indeed tell us the frequency with which the students and their peers took illegal drugs? If they did, we achieved measurement validity. Do our results hold true of the larger adolescent population to which our conclusion referred? If so, our conclu- sion would satisfy the criterion for generalizability. Did the likelihood of students taking drugs actually increase if they had friends who also took drugs? If so, our conclusion is causally valid.Measurement Validity Measurement validity is our first concern in establishing the validity of research results, because without having measured what we think we measured, we really don’t know what we’re talking about. Problems with measurement validity can occur for many reasons. In the study by MacDonald et al. (2005) highlighted earlier, were they really measuring impulsivity and self-control by using smoking and sexual behavior? The bottom line is that we cannot just assume that measures are valid. Measurement validity exists when a measure actually measures what we think it does.Generalizability The generalizability of a study is the extent to which it can be used to inform us about persons, places, or events that were not studied. MacDonald and his colleagues (2005) relied on responses from 5,545 students in the South Carolina Youth Risk Behavior Survey and then generalized what they found with those individuals to the entire U.S. high school population. Were they correct to do so? Were their generalizations valid? Chapter 5 on sampling will give you the tools you need to answer questions like these. Generalizability has two aspects. Sample generalizability refers to the ability to general- ize from a sample, or subset, of a larger population to that population itself. This is the most common meaning of generalizability. Cross-population generalizability refers to the ability to generalize from findings about one group, population, or setting to other groups, popu- lations, or settings. Cross-population generalizability can also be referred to as external validity. Sample generalizability exists when a conclusion based on a sample, or subset, of a larger population holds true for that population. Cross-population generalizability (external validity) exists when findings about one group, population, or setting hold true for other groups, populations, or settings. 20 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICECausal Validity Causal validity, also known as internal validity, refers to the truthfulness of an assertion that A causes B and is the focus of Chapter 6. Most research seeks to determine what causes what, so social scientists frequently must be concerned with causal validity. You will learn in Chapter 2 that Sherman and Berk (1984) were concerned with the effect of arrest on the likelihood of recidivism by people accused of domestic violence. To test their causal hypothesis, they designed an experiment in which some accused persons were arrested and others were not. Chapter 6 will give you much more understanding of how some features of a research design can help us evaluate causal propositions. However, you will also learn that the solu- tions are neither easy nor perfect: We always have to consider critically the validity of causal statements that we hear or read. Causal validity (internal validity) exists when a conclusion that A leads to or results in B is correct.Authenticity The goal of authenticity is to fairly reflect the perspectives of the participants in a study setting and is stressed by researchers who focus attention on the subjective dimension of the social world. An authentic understanding of a social process or social setting is one that reflects fairly the various perspectives of participants in that setting (Gubrium & Holstein 1997). Authenticity is one of several different standards proposed by some as uniquely suited to qualitative research; it reflects a belief that those who study the social world should focus first and foremost on how participants view that social world, not on develop- ing a unique social scientists’ interpretation of that world. Rather than expecting social scientists to be able to provide a valid mirror of reality, this perspective emphasizes how our recognition of participants’ own reality can help us as researchers to uncover a more nuanced truth (Kvale 2002). Authenticity exists when the understanding of a social process or social setting is one that reflects fairly the various perspectives of participants in that setting.CONCLUSION We hope this first chapter has given you an idea of what to expect in the rest of this book. Our aim is to introduce you to social research methods by describing what social scientists have learned about issues in criminology and criminal justice as well as how they tackled systematic challenges in conducting their research. For many students, the substance of social science inevitably is more interesting than the research methods used to bring those findings to light. However, in this volume, you will see that the research methods not only demand interest and merit, but are also fundamental to our understanding of criminology CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 21and criminal justice. We have focused attention on research on youth violence anddelinquency in this chapter; in subsequent chapters, we will introduce research examplesfrom other areas. Chapter 2 continues to build the foundation for our study of social research by reviewingthe types of problems that criminologists study, the role of theory, the major steps in theresearch process, and other sources of information that may be used in social research. Westress the importance of considering scientific standards in social research and reviewgenerally accepted ethical guidelines. Throughout the chapter, we use several studies ofdomestic violence to illustrate the research process. KEY TERMSCausal validity (internal Generalizability Questionnaire validity) Illogical reasoning Resistance to change Inaccurate observation ScienceContent analysis Intensive interviewing Secondary data analysisCrime mapping Measurement validity Selective observationDescriptive research Overgeneralization Social scienceEvaluation research Participant observation SurveyExperimental approach Qualitative methods ValidityExplanatory research Quantitative methodsExploratory researchExternal validity HIGHLIGHTS•• Criminological research cannot resolve value questions or provide answers that will convince everyone and remain settled for all time.•• All empirically based methods of investigation are based on either direct experience or others’ statements.•• Four common errors in reasoning are overgeneralization, selective or inaccurate observation, illogical reasoning, and resistance to change. Illogical reasoning is due to the complexity of the social world, self-interest, and human subjectivity. Resistance to change may be due to unquestioning acceptance of tradition or of those in positions of authority, or to self-interested resistance to admitting the need to change one’s beliefs.•• Social science is the use of logical, systematic, documented methods to investigate individuals, societies, and social processes, as well as the knowledge produced by these investigations. 22 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE•• Criminological research can be motivated by policy guidance and program management needs, academic concerns, and charitable impulses.•• Criminological research can be descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, or evaluative, or some combination of these.•• Quantitative methods record variation in social life in terms of categories that vary in amount. Qualitative methods are designed to capture social life as participants experience it, rather than in categories predetermined by the researcher.•• Triangulation is the use of multiple research methods to study a single research question.•• Valid knowledge is the central concern of scientific research. The three components of validity are measurement validity, generalizability (both from the sample to the population from which it was selected and from the sample to other populations), and causal (internal) validity. EXERCISESDiscussing Research1. What criminological topic or issue would you focus on if you could design a research project without any concern for costs? What are your motives for studying this topic? List at least four of your beliefs about this phenomenon. Try to identify the sources of each belief—for example, television, newspaper, parental influence.2. Develop four research questions related to a topic or issue, one for each of the four types of research (descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, and evaluative). Be specific.3. Find a report of social science research in an article in a daily newspaper. What are the motives for the research? How much information is provided about the research design? What were the major findings? What additional evidence would you like to see in the article to increase your understanding of the findings in the research conclusions?4. Find a CNN blog discussing some topic about crime. How do your opinions on the subject differ?Finding Research on the Web1. You have been asked to prepare a brief presentation on a criminological topic or issue of interest to you. Go to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs. Browse the BJS publications for a topic that interests you. Write a short outline for a 5- to 10-minute presentation regarding your topic, including statistics and other relevant information.2. Go to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) website at www.fbi.gov. Explore the types of programs and initiatives sponsored by the FBI. Discuss at least three of these programs or initiatives in terms of their purposes and goals. For each program or initiative examined, do you believe the program or initiative is effective? What are the major weaknesses? What changes would you propose the FBI make to more effectively meet the goals of the program or initiative? CHAPTER 1 Science, Society, and Criminological Research 233. Go to the website of a major newspaper and find an article discussing the causes of violence. What conclusions does the article draw, and what research methods does the author discuss to back up his or her claims?Critiquing Research1. Find a story about a criminological issue in the popular press (e.g., newspaper or periodical like Time magazine). Does the article provide a scientific basis for claims made in the story? If rates of crime are reported, does the article discuss how these rates were actually obtained?2. Read an article in a recent issue of a major criminological journal or on the study site for this book (www.sagepub.com/bachmanfrccj2e). Identify the type of research conducted for each study. Are the research questions clearly stated? Can you identify the purpose of the research (e.g., description, explanation, exploration, evaluation)?Making Research EthicalThroughout the book, we will be discussing the ethical challenges that arise in research on crime andcriminal justice. At the end of each chapter, we will ask you to consider some questions about ethicalissues related to that chapter’s focus. Chapter 3 is devoted to issues of ethics in research, but we willbegin here with some questions for you to ponder.1. You have now learned about Asmussen and Creswell’s (1995) qualitative study of a school shooting incident. We think it provided important information for policy makers about the social dynamics in these tragedies. But what would you do if you were conducting a similar study in a high school and you learned that another student was planning to bring a gun to school to kill some other students? What if he was only thinking about it? Or just talking with his friends about how “neat” it would be? Can you suggest some guidelines for researchers?2. Grossman et al. (1997) found that the Second Step program reduced aggressive behavior in schools and increased prosocial behavior. If you were David Grossman, would you announce your findings in a press conference and encourage schools to adopt this program? If you were a school principal who heard about this research, would you agree to let another researcher replicate (repeat) the Grossman et al. study in your school, with some classrooms assigned to receive the Second Step program randomly (on the basis of the toss of a coin) and others not allowed to receive the program for the duration of the study?Developing a Research Proposal1. What topic would you focus on if you could design a social research project without any concern for costs? What are your motives for studying this topic?2. Develop four questions that you might investigate about the topic you just selected. Each question should reflect a different research motive: description, exploration, explanation, or evaluation. Be specific.3. Which question most interests you? Would you prefer to attempt to answer that question using quantitative or qualitative methods? Why? 24 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICEPerforming Data Analysis in SPSS or ExcelThe SPSS exercises at the end of each chapter use the data sets included on the companion website. InNCVS.assault.por (an SPSS export file that can be brought into most versions of SPSS or Excel), a sampleof assault incidents from the National Crime Victimization Survey, variable V2089, identifies the metro-politan statistical area (MSA) status (urban, suburban, or rural) of each assault incident included in thedata set.1. Create a bar chart of V2089 using the graph procedure to show the percentage of assault incidents occurring in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Be sure to select “options,” and indicate that you want to leave out the missing values.2. Do a frequency distribution of V3010, which is the age of the victim in years. In the Statistics box, ask for the mean and the median. How would you describe the typical assault victim? What accounts for the difference between the mean and the median?3. Do a frequency distribution for the victim and offender relationship in assault victimizations using the two variables V4239 and V4243. Do the results surprise you? Student Study Site The companion Student Study Site for Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice can be found at www.sagepub.com/bachmanfrccj2e. Visit the Student Study Site to enhance your understanding of the chapter content and to discover additional resources that will take your learning one step further. You can enhance your understanding of the chapters by using the comprehensive study material, which includes interactive exercises, e-flashcards, web exercises, practice self-tests, and more. You will also find special features, such as Learning From Journal Articles, which incorporates Sage’s online journal collection.
Science, Society, and Criminological Research
Description: 1. CHAPTER 1. Science, Society, and . Criminological Research. I. n this chapter, you will learn how the methods of social science research go beyond sto -
Read the Text Version
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The History of Case Notes
Stories are important to me, particularly when they involve family and stringed musical instruments. Growing up in the South, I spent countless hours listening to my uncles and other family members playing the music they loved on instruments they loved even more. One of those uncles taught me to play the guitar and mandolin, instilling in me a great love for both music and the instruments that brought us both so much happiness.
When my uncle H. H. Smith departed this earth, he left me five of the beloved instruments I’d heard him play for so many years: his guitar, banjo, two mandolins, and a fiddle. His gift went far beyond just the instruments, though: As I opened each case, I discovered handwritten notes about the places he’d been and played, song lists from as far back as the 1930’s, and notes about his life as a musician. As I read, my uncle’s instruments seemed to come alive. They had been key players in the life he had led and the adventures he had had. Those notes were as much a treasure to me as the instruments themselves, and through them, the instruments became infinitely more valuable.
It occurred to me then that every instrument has a story to tell, and we are all merely temporary caretakers of the instruments we play. I wanted to create an easy way to leave notes about my own experiences, so my children and others will know the history of the instruments I will one day leave behind. Importantly, too, I wanted to design something that could easily fit into an instrument case, as an instrument and its story should remain together.
The result is Case Notes, a place to gather, keep, and pass on the stories of our musical lives and the adventures we’ve had with the instruments we hold so dear.
Imagine having your instrument’s life story at your fingertips. Small enough to tuck away in most instrument cases, Case Notes is a specially designed journal in which you can record facts, autographs, historical moments, personal stories, and more to hand down with — and add value to — your stringed instrument. In essence, Case Notes is the story of the life of your instrument, one that will be treasured by future generations and owners. | <urn:uuid:a48029b0-1618-43f4-a3a0-2eacf0d9938c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://casenotesdiary.com/the-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976372 | 479 | 1.898438 | 2 |
PACKAGE OF COTTAGE CHEESE THAT HAS NOT BEEN OPENED In most cases, cottage cheese will keep for approximately one week after the “sell by” or “best by” date printed on the package, if it has been kept refrigerated consistently.
Can you get sick from eating expired cottage cheese?
When cottage cheese is contaminated, it is possible to get food poisoning by consuming it. Cottage cheese can get contaminated at any moment throughout the manufacturing process, as well as as a result of faulty food handling practices. Eating cottage cheese that has beyond its sell-by date increases the risk of contracting food illness.
How long can you eat expired cottage cheese?
Cottage cheese has a shelf life of around two weeks and may normally be kept for an additional three to five days after its “expiration” date. Once the package is opened, you have around 5 days to consume the dairy product. If you’re lucky, you’ll have 7 days.
Can I eat unopened expired cottage cheese?
Cottage cheese that hasn’t been opened may usually be kept for 5 to 10 days over its expiration date, however this is not always the case. Before you consume anything, always verify its quality. In terms of freshness, after cottage cheese has been opened, it should be good for around two weeks after opening ([DB]). Take into consideration the date printed on the label, as is customary.
How do you know if cottage cheese is spoiled?
In contrast to fresh cottage cheese, which has a fresh flavor and scent as well as a consistent texture, rotten cottage cheese will smell damp, will become yellowish in color, and will begin to taste sour. Pockets of water will appear in the cottage cheese as a result of separation, which indicates that it is starting to go bad.
Why is my cottage cheese watery?
The milk used to create dry cottage cheese is mildly fermented, resulting in fresh cheese that is sliced into curds, drained, and washed after it has been strained. After being tossed with a “cream dressing,” the dry curds are transformed into wet cottage cheese. A sloppy, even watery, cottage cheese is the result of using too much dressing (or a dressing that lacks richness).
Why cottage cheese is bad for you?
The fact that cottage cheese is a young, unripened cheese means that it contains more lactose than matured cheeses such as Parmesan, Cheddar, or Swiss, for example. Furthermore, if extra milk is added to the curd, the lactose content of the cheese may increase even further. If you are lactose intolerant, cottage cheese is not a good choice for you because of these two factors.
Is unopened cheese past expiration date?
Is it okay to eat a chunk of cheddar cheese that has not been opened after the “sell by” or “best by” date printed on the package? Although the “sell-by” or “best by” date on the packaging may have passed, unopened cheddar cheese will normally be safe to use for around 6 months after it has been opened.
How do I use old cottage cheese?
Distribute on a cracker or a piece of toasty bread, season with salt and pepper to taste, then top with your favorite vegetables and enjoy! (I usually throw on some tomatoes, too). Cottage Cheese Biscuits are a great way to boost the protein content of any meal. Guacamole with Cottage Cheese will convert even the most skeptic.
Can unopened cottage cheese be frozen?
Cottage cheese may be stored in the freezer for up to 3–6 months if it has not been opened. Cottage cheese, on the other hand, is not often suggested for freezing since it might result in changes in taste and texture. summary. Cottage cheese may be frozen to increase its shelf life, albeit the flavor and texture of the cheese may alter as a result of the freezing process.
How long does cheese last after sell by date?
As a result of the higher surface area exposed to germs and air, sliced or shredded cheese will mold or expire sooner than other types of cheese. The good news is that most hard cheeses will survive six weeks longer than the date on the package, according to Savage. However, once opened, shredded hard cheese has a shelf life of around three weeks.
Can dogs eat cottage cheese?
While it is possible to offer cheese to your dog, there are certain precautions that should be taken. As a result, it is preferable to serve your dog low-fat cheeses such as mozzarella, cottage cheese, or a soft goat cheese rather than regular cheese. Cottage cheese contains less fat and salt than other types of cheese, which helps to lessen the risk of obesity.
Does cottage cheese get moldy?
Soft cheeses that have mold on them, such as cottage cheese, cream cheese, and ricotta, should be thrown out. The same can be said for any type of cheese, whether it’s shredded, crumbled, or sliced thinly. E. coli, on the other hand, may thrive alongside the mold.
How Long Can cottage cheese be open in fridge?
Generally speaking, you can anticipate the product to remain fresh for roughly two weeks after it has been opened in its original container. You may use your best judgment to determine the freshness of a product by smelling it, tasting it, and observing its appearance and texture.
Does cottage cheese have probiotics?
Why it is beneficial to you: Cottage cheese is a terrific choice for those who enjoy cheese since it is good for your tummy. Cottage cheese, like other fermented foods, typically contains probiotics (check the package labels for live and active cultures), and it is high in calcium, which is vital for maintaining healthy bones. Cottage cheese is a good source of calcium. | <urn:uuid:6c4c959b-25c7-4a06-b1d9-95c3223f0268> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foodiefitness.org/how-long-is-unopened-cottage-cheese-good-for-solved/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955878 | 1,233 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Article: Craft Corner
Kill Your Characters: The Facts
By Steve Rush
Article by Steve Rush
When you think you have heard or seen it all—surprise! A story broadcast on TV, radio, or in print relates unimaginable facts of a crime committed against another person or group. Doubt prompts questions to the story’s plausibility.
You are not alone. I supposed the same thing many times. Death galvanizes a reaction. New twists in some form or other—related to either who, what, when, where, why or how—complicated what otherwise appeared straightforward. As startling or amazing as facts seem, how we process scenes remains the same.
Authors slay characters. We execute them to drive our story forward. We plot murders. In some works we devastate character’s families with suicides. We arrange accidents or other events—transportation crashes, slips and falls, on-the-job occurrences, and exposure to toxins.
We create dilemmas. These dilemmas require details. After chosen evidence supports the incident of choice, we introduce clues. Insert red herrings. When every element fits our premise, we invent police detectives, private investigators or amateur sleuths to solve our character’s deaths.
To catch those who kill we assume the role of killer. This calls for writers to think like killers. In addition, writers must adopt the roles of crime-scene technicians, sleuths, and prosecutors.
Facts validate scenes. Often these details reflect real-world situations. Skepticism turns focus away when readers see events as far-fetched and unbelievable. Although instances in life often prove true, many surprise us.
Here are two examples:
- A man arrived to the emergency room with a screwdriver stuck in his head.
- Police responded to a dispatch and found a man seated at the bar. A tire tool impaled his neck. Radiology exams showed the tool missed his carotid artery by one millimeter.
Both men remained conscious despite the odds. They spoke to medical staff. They received treatment. They recovered from their injuries.
These and other bizarre stories of survival fascinate us. They spawn ideas. We ask: “What if?” We decide to share one of these A-HA moments with our readers. To accomplish this, we must write to the point of believability.
Readers expect accuracy. Accuracy confirms credibility and, therefore, enhances believability for our audience. Accuracy requires research. We explore the issue to obtain answers to these common questions:
- How did the victim die?
- What prompted the incident?
- What happened afterward?
- Did anyone seek revenge?
- Who was the assailant?
- Were charges filed against the antagonist, or did someone choose vigilantism?
- Were actions taken based on conjecture or confirmed facts?
Facts necessary for criminal prosecution extend beyond reasonable doubt. The level an investigator must prove their case extends beyond requirements essential to convict the criminal. Protagonists search for, secure, and analyze evidence to expose and support truth. Their accuracy—devoid of doubt and uncertainty—convinces prosecutors to take cases to trial.
The scope or parameter of death investigations begins with a narrow focus of known facts. It broadens to discover unknown facts.
Known facts include:
- The body.
- The evidence.
- The environment.
- Statements of witnesses and first responders.
Unknown facts include information gathered through:
- Background checks.
- Neighborhood canvass.
- Interviews of persons known to the victim.
- Interrogation of suspects or other persons of interest.
- Search warrants.
- Results of scientific analysis.
Witnesses include persons who witnessed the event leading up to and including death; or people with knowledge of one or more involved parties.
Investigation of death scenes begins with the body and presence of physical evidence within its environment. The size of our scope depends on location. Where did your antagonist kill the character? At home? In a place of business? At a job site? On a city street, or out in the middle of nowhere in a field or forest? Each location defines a scope of different parameters.
Elements of the story direct readers where we want them to go until a twist of facts proves otherwise. Our words control the story’s course. This includes any device of misdirection. One tidbit of information alters the outcome. An example of this is seen in the following scenario based on an actual event.
Police received a call of a vehicle crash into the front of a business at one o’clock on a Saturday morning. An officer responded to the site. The front of the sedan—from windshield forward—intruded into the building. The officer discovered a woman slumped forward in the driver’s seat. Blood matted the woman’s long hair. No signs of life. The officer requested the agency’s traffic specialists and the medical examiner.
The traffic specialist documented the vehicle’s path of travel from a shopping center across the highway. Based on preliminary facts given to the medical examiner, the sedan speeded from the rear of the shopping center, shot across three lanes, and crashed through the building’s brick facade.
The medical examiner began the on-scene part of his investigation. Blood-matted hair obscured any visible injury to the head. He parted her hair, and examined her scalp. What he discovered in the tangled hair aimed the investigation in a new direction. When he ran his fingers around the back of the head to the right side, a small caliber copper-jacketed bullet dislodged and fell out of the victim’s hair.
One item of evidence redirected the investigation from an alleged traffic accident to a homicide.
Circumstances often confine a search for evidence to one locality, whereas in the above scenario the scope expanded to the area behind the shopping center where the perpetrator shot the woman.
An investigation might lead to an open field or forest where the scope expands beyond the initial event. This proves true for cases when the antagonist moves the body from the site of the crime to a secluded site. In cases of skeletal remains, a perimeter search outside the core area might expand to hundreds of feet.
Consider the reader’s wants when writing death scenes. Readers crave entirety. Who died? What inciting incident led to the person’s death? When did death occur? Where did death occur? How did they die? You may well decide to unload all information about the victim in a single scene, or add suspense and extend it over multiple chapters, such as identifying the character as “unidentified, pending further investigation.” This depends on your goal.
The reader wants to know the victim’s identity sooner or later. On occasion, a law enforcement officer responds to a death call where identity is known. The source of information could be a relative, acquaintance, neighbor or co-worker. Identity simplifies matters at the onset of the investigation.
At other times, no one present knows the victim. A means of identification—driver’s license, credit cards or other proof of identity—might not be on or near the body. Often characters meet their demise other than in their home or workplace.
The body’s condition—decomposition or mutilation—might preclude visual identity. Protagonists or other character experts document scars, marks, tattoos, and old fractures observed on X-rays. They take fingerprints, dental impressions, and samples of blood and tissue for DNA analysis and toxicology.
One tidbit to note when constructing facts for death scenes: jurisdiction of the body belongs to the medical examiner/coroner or their designee. The surroundings fall under the jurisdiction of the appropriate law enforcement agency. Police and detectives on TV or in the movies manipulate bodies at scenes. Beyond any check for an ID, coroners and medical examiners deem such behavior inappropriate in real-world death-scene investigations. Any manipulation chances loss or contamination of trace evidence otherwise preserved with proper handling of the remains. ■
Article by Steve Rush “Kill Your Characters”
Steve Rush’s experience includes tenure as homicide detective and chief forensic investigator for Burton & Associates, a national consulting firm in the field of forensic and environmental pathology and medicine. Once hailed as, “The best forensic investigator in the United States” by the late Forensic Pathologist Joseph L. Burton, Steve has investigated 900+ death scenes and taught classes related to death investigation. His specialties include injury causation, blood spatter analysis, occupant kinematics, and recovery of human skeletal remains.
He is the author of two novels published under the pseudonym, Shane Kinsey, three Christian non-fiction books including, “Cause of Death: Autopsy of Jesus,” and was part of the development team for “Quincy,” a software program designed for coroners and medical examiners.
To listen to Author Interviews check out Suspense Radio, CLICK HERE | <urn:uuid:f1a0fd07-a085-418f-9ba7-3c5d997f2542> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://suspensemagazine.com/blog2/2020/04/29/article-by-steve-rush/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924694 | 1,877 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Since the onset of the pandemic, Congress has provided an unprecedented $5 trillion in pandemic relief spending to support state, local, and tribal governments and individuals, private and nonprofit organizations alike. Government spending at this level in such a short amount of time begs the question: Are recipients utilizing funds efficiently, effectively, and equitably? Needing an organization to oversee these tremendous funds, The Pandemic Response Accountability Committee (PRAC) launched in April 2020. Its mission is to “serve the American public by promoting transparency and the coordinated oversight of the Federal Government’s coronavirus response to prevent and detect fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement and to identify and mitigate major risks that cross program and agency boundaries.”
To support their mission, highlight the results of their work, and generate discussion around the question above, the PRAC co-hosted three virtual events with the Academy in 2021, and the fourth will occur on June 15th, 2022. The initial events brought together industry experts from higher education, governmental, and non-governmental organizations to discuss the impact of the pandemic spending on underserved communities from three perspectives:
- Equitable distribution of funds
- Housing and rental assistance
- Access to broadband resources
The panelists agreed that programs like the expanded child tax credit, increased unemployment benefits, emergency housing and rental assistance (ERA), and the Payroll Protection Program blunted economic effects on low-income earners. Some even credit these programs with preventing the decade-long depression forecast in the early days of the pandemic.
In addition to each program’s successes, however, the panelists identified areas of improvement regarding equity. Each event’s panelists identified solutions, including the following:
- Improve availability of IRS data for low-income families or find alternative means of distributing funds to these underserved communities.
- Take demographics into consideration for ERA distributions.
- Utilize local nonprofits and other grassroots efforts for their pre-established relationships with hard-to-reach and ESL communities.
- Consider increased flexibility for funding to allow the purchase of devices to enable households to take advantage of improved broadband infrastructure, primarily when related to remote learning.
Throughout the first three events, a central recurring theme was that efficiency in the absence of equity leads to underutilization of benefits and spending waste, often at the expense of America’s most at-risk families and business owners. When US state and federal governments respond to the next crisis, they should incorporate these lessons to build more resilient social and economic infrastructure. To protect low-income and underserved communities in the future, agencies should plan now to incorporate equity in program design, increase communications with states and localities through intergovernmental partnerships, and allow more flexibility in funding applications. This planning will help ensure a more equitable and resilient future for all communities when the next disaster strikes.
The Academy hosts a wide variety of conversations about public administration topics with external stakeholders and Fellows. To stay tuned for news related to the Academy’s summer 2022 events, sign up for our mailing list or follow this link to learn more about the next event with the PRAC on June 15th.
To learn more about the Pandemic Response Program series or other fascinating topics, head over to the Academy’s official YouTube channel or follow the links for each session below.
- The Impact of Pandemic Response Programs and Spending on Underserved Communities
- The Impact of Housing and Rental Assistance Programs on Underserved Communities
- Did Pandemic Response Funding Help Americans Connect in a Crisis? | <urn:uuid:e828106a-32d3-42be-9261-62e70c83fa0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://federalism.us/2022/06/the-academy-and-the-prac-revisiting-the-first-three-pandemic-relief-spending-panels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.917635 | 778 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation is located in the southwest corner of South Dakota. It is the home of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. Covering 2.2 million acres, Pine Ridge is one of the largest reservations in America. Unemployment nears 80% and median income is less than $10,000. Approximately 35,000 native peoples (primarily Lakota Sioux) live there. The reservation is extremely remote and very few non-residents travel there. The Oglala Sioux Tribe has a rich history. As powerful and important members of the Lakota Sioux nation, they once shared controlled of a vast territory stretching from the western banks of the Missouri River to the Big Horn Mountains. Their territory included all of the Black Hills. This land was protected for the Lakota nation forever (“as long as grass shall grow and water shall flow”) by the United States government through the Ft. Laramie Treaty of 1868. In 1874 however General Custer led a military expedition into the Black Hills (in direct violation of the Treaty). The expedition “discovered” gold (referred to by the Lakota as ‘the yellow metal that makes the white man crazy’) and the region was soon flooded with prospectors and settlers. The Government then told the Lakota Sioux (and other tribes of the Northern Plains) that the Treaty could no longer stand and that they would have to give up their land and move onto reservations. By this time, the buffalo that the Lakota people depended upon were nearing extinction due to reckless overhunting by fur traders. Many in our government encouraged the overhunting as they saw it as a means of taming the Indians of the Great Plains and ending their nomadic way of life.
The governments violations of the Treaty of 1868 led to war. In June of 1876 many member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe, including the powerful war chief Crazy Horse, met and defeated Custer and the 7th Cavalry at the Little Big Horn River. After this great defeat the U.S. Government sent nearly ½ the standing army in America to round up the remaining free Indians of the Northern Plains. In 1877 Crazy Horse surrendered at Camp Robinson and was killed while being arrested shortly thereafter. In December of 1890 the last armed conflict between the Lakota Sioux and the U.S. Government took place near Wounded Knee Creek where over two hundred members of Chief Bigfoot’s band were killed and left to freeze in the snow as they traveled to Pine Ridge in search of safety and at the invitation of Chief Red Cloud.
The reservation system was originally designed to segregate the Lakota people from mainstream American society and then to “remake them as white people”. There were to be taught to farm, dress as white’s and become Christians. From the 1890’s until the 1960’s cultural genocide was waged on the residents of Pine Ridge. It was illegal to gather or to practice traditional Lakota ceremonies at Pine Ridge. Children were rounded up and sent off to Indian boarding schools to be “remade”. Adults ‘caught’ practicing traditional religious ceremonies were detained and sometimes even sent to insane asylums as it was assumed that a native individual must be ‘crazy’ to continue to hold onto their cultural beliefs (and not readily adopt our own). This is all a true story but little is known or remembered about it off the reservations.
Today the Pine Ridge Reservation is governed by the Tribal Council in partnership with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Statistically, it is the poorest place in America. Miraculously however the Lakota culture has survived at Pine Ridge. Their language is intact and traditional values are once again being taught. The population at Pine Ridge is growing even though the overall population of South Dakota is in decline. The history of the Oglala Sioux Tribe and Pine Ridge are symbolic of the history of all native peoples in America. Many of the most famous war chiefs and holy men of the Sioux Nation were Oglala including Red Cloud, Crazy Horse, Spotted Tail and Black Elk to name a few. What began in 1492 with Columbus ended in 1890 at Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation. | <urn:uuid:f890f9fb-d97b-431b-b209-5fd89438fb24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.seventhpower.org/history-of-pine-ridge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973718 | 870 | 3.453125 | 3 |
There’s anything dazzling around an AC program that works effectively. You locate a decent pace each day which is before long moving extraordinary air through ports in most space of one’s home that you do not wake sweat-drenched with work up and other than you do not blend shuddering. You train the machine what warm you require your home to remain at and besides the program does the whole area your issues. This fair happens at whatever point you hit against a perfect congeniality between working the framework and never permitting it to perform lacking. It is fundamental if you tail one clear standard recorded underneath to hit this security. Your AC program ought not need to not perform unnecessarily delicate. It will attempt to keep up your home in the perfect warmth, at any rate continuing on day and night ought not be working. It would not work twofold time since its channel is chaotic and created.
It will never need to get air through confused ports or squares. Air Conditioner upkeep that is ordinary might be the key method to ensure your program is too much delicate. Talented air-con suppliers could keep the ports clean, make certain the channels are extraordinary and reinforcing, and promise you will discover no hinders that will drive the framework. Your program is kept by them from buckling downright presently proceeds with you decade’s capacities better and longer on the morning-today plan. It may slack off if your AC program is not sufficiently safeguarded. It may pick it may take a rest in the place of moving more airs in like way that about your upheld warmth is satisfactory. Earth may put out the ports in the place of great, cool air. It may pick it is additionally phenomenal to work-in the unsanitary, overlooked ports it is being given.
The best approach to maintain a strategic distance from this really is to make utilization of talented Air Conditioner advantage regard suppliers in your town. Air Conditioner backing may simultaneously animate the machine to be hard for the grounds that it must to keep up your home to that specific flawless warmth you require while guaranteeing the body does not need to buckle down. Since the ports are clear and everything is particularly thought of, the machine would not set up to pulling along the shine in your home a fight as it relates time heating and air columbia sc. There’s to striking that perfect unwavering quality where the body performs hard, in spite of the fact that not hard just a singular direct guideline. This standard is the way that you use Air Conditioner permitting onetime reliably. Right when you have a shine interfacing into your condition program you should need to have it kept up once consistently furthermore, in any case talented air-con suppliers should be expected to go into your home each year and investigate the body at any rate one minute. | <urn:uuid:47040e7c-04be-45db-816e-d0646f100a45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.antikita.com/2020/clean-of-the-precisely-operating-heating-and-air-columbia-sc-ac-repair.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951197 | 565 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Top 8 Problems to Check Before Going Boating
Check For These Boat Problems Before A Boat Trip
Every year, the coastguard receives countless calls from boaters caught in the water at night who are unable to reach the coast. Boaters say they have seen red lights and hope the Coast Guard can pinpoint their location. Marine radio signals can transmit for many miles and there might be hundreds of flashing red lights in an area, but this kind of information is not helpful in locating a boat.
Boating Safety First
Update your maps and familiarize yourself with the local boat rules and zones. Get a local map of the area where you will go by boat. Study the chart and plan your course in advance. This will help you decide which day and time is best for sailing and inform yourself what kind of clothes and equipment you need to bring. Did you check the weather forecast?
Responsible sailing and boating in general has a lot to do with common sense. This includes an extensive review of boat equipment. Another way to protect yourself and your passengers from the sun is to use lots of sunscreen and a few extra hats.
Get to know the moving parts of your sailboat
A sailboat is a machine that is constantly in motion so take care of all moving parts of your boat. This includes large things such as spars and booms that swing when turning and are not fastened with screws.
Clean the deck as well as possible before stowing your sails.
Deck Joints – Try to look as closely as possible at the hull and deck joints of a yacht, especially if you see any abnormalities or strain on the joint.
Then look for areas where water has passed through, or see if there is water in the bilge, indicating that the joint seal is no longer complete. Problems with lower units are common on outboard axis drives, especially in difficult places. In most cases, problems with lower units arise due to a bad seal or a hairline crack in the housing that allows water to penetrate. The only way to know for sure whether the bottom unit gasket on the boat is working properly is to look for low oil content and make sure it does not look milky.
Corrosion – Watch out for excessive gray, white or chalky corrosion on aluminum and red or brown stripes on steel.
Cracks – If you see many cracks, the boat must be inspected by a specialist. Check for stress cracks in the fuselage and cannons. Some of these are due to bumps on the dock and may not be a problem, others are cosmetic and still others may be due to unusual movements of the boat that are not normal.
Boat Engine Trouble
Boating with a bad engine can put you in serious trouble. If this is the case, the next time you look at a used boat, check out the most common problems that arise on used yachts and boats. Engine problems are high on the list.
Drain Plug – Installing the drain plug is one of the most basic procedures when boating, but boaters around the country often forget this, especially at weekends. To make matters worse, several boat models have more than one plug. An operator who fails to install a plug can cause the boat to be full of water.
In boating, the only thing more frustrating than a boat that doesn’t go anywhere is one that doesn’t stop. Anchoring your ship in a hot fishing spot or secluded cove for a few hours of relaxation is part of the fun.
When the boat is in the water; it’s loaded up with gear, ice, and your favorite beverages; and everyone who is aboard. Maybe you’ve even put together a playlist on your iPod for the occasion. Don’t get caught with a dead battery when you fire up the engine.
You can avoid this dockside drama by checking all of your batteries with an onboard or portable meter, well before your first trip.
These days gasoline is mixed with ethanol to increase the octane and have a cleaner fuel…But ethanol loves water. So much so, in fact, that it will absorb it to the point of saturation before separating your fuel into a watery mess. That’s when it makes a disaster of either your fuel tank, fuel lines, fuel system—or all three. Countless boat owners learn this painful chemistry lesson at the beginning of each season, and not only can it ruin your first run, it can also be a wildly expensive problem to fix.
The best way to avoid this situation is to use low octane gasoline or add a good-quality fuel stabilizer, every time you fuel up. Additionally, engines should be run dry of fuel at winterization time.
Do your homework before you go on the boat and have a great time on the water. Boating can be a great experience and a source of pleasure. Just remember to use the services of a quality dealer to make the process smoother when buying and check the used Boat Alert history by checking the HIN.
You may also want to read the boat safety tips for people boating with children.
Printable boating checklist
- Do a general cleaning of hull, deck and topsides using a mild detergent
- Make sure drains and scuppers are clear
- Put on a good coat of wax
- Clean and polish metal with a good metal polish
- Clean teak and oil
- Clean windows and hatches
- Clean canvas, bimini and dodger
- Clean interior including bilges
- Check spare parts and tools and replace as necessary
- Make sure registration is current and onboard
- Check and replace wiper blades if necessary
- Check for hull abrasions, scratches, gouges, etc. and repair
- Check and replace zincs
- Check for blisters and refinish is necessary
- Check rub rails
- Check swim platform and/or ladder
- Inspect and test trim tabs
- Check shaft, cutlass bearing, strut and prop
- Check rudder and fittings
- Touch up or replace antifouling paint
- Check stanchion, pulpits and lifelines for integrity
- Check ground tackle, lines, fenders, etc.
- Check chainplates and cleats
- Check hull/deck joint
- Check deck, windows, and port lights for leaks
- Inspect anchor windlass and lubricate
- Clean and grease winches
- Check and lubricate blocks, pad eyes, etc.
- Check dinghy, and life raft
- Check, test and lubricate seacocks
- Check condition of hoses and clamps
- Make sure below waterline hoses are double clamped
- Check bilges pumps for automatic and manual operation
- Check for oil in bilges
- Check limber holes and make sure they are clear of debris
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND COMPONENTS:
- Check battery water level
- Check/recharge batteries
- Check terminals for corrosion, clean and lubricate
- Check bonding system
- Inspect all wiring for wear and chafe
- Test all gauges for operability
- Check shore power and charger
- Check for spare fuses
- Check all lighting fixtures (including navigation lights) and make sure you have spare bulbs
- Check all electronics for proper operation
- Inspect antennas
REQUIRED AND RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT:
- Sound signaling device
- Check distress signals and expiration date
- Check Pfds
- Inspect life rings and cushions
- Check fire extinguishers and recharge if necessary
- Check and adjust compass
- Check navigation lights
- Check charts and replace as necessary
- Check radar reflector
- Check and replace first aid supplies
- Check bailer and hand pump
- Change oil & filters – have spare onboard
- Check and change fuel filters – have spares onboard
- Check and change engine zincs
- Check cooling system change coolant as necessary – have extra onboard
- Record engine maintenance log, especially date & hours of last oil changes
- Check belts for tension
- Check transmission fluid
- Check and clean backfire flame arrestor
- Check impeller
- Check and clean water strainer
- Check bilge blower
- Checked for smooth operation – lubricate and clean as necessary
- If equipped with treatment system, have chemicals on hand
- Y-valve operation checked, valve labeled & secured
- Flush water tank
- Check water system and pump for leaks and proper operation
- Check hot water tank working on both AC and engines
- Check for tank cap keys on board
- Check and clean shower sump pump screens
- Fill propane tank, check electric & manual valves, check storage box vent to make sure it is clear
- Check refrigerator, clean and freshen, operate on AC and DC
- Clean stove, check that all burners and oven are working
- Check microwave, if fitted
- Replace spark plugs
- Check plug wires for wear
- Check prop for nicks and bends
- Change/fill gear lube
- Inspect fuel lines, primer bulb and tank for leaks
- Lubricate and spray moveable parts
- Check for current registration
- Check rollers and pads
- Check and lubricate wheel bearings
- Clean and lubricate winch
- Lubricate tongue jack and wheel
- Test lights and electrical connections
- Check tire pressure and condition
- Check brakes (if equipped)
- Check safety chains
- Check tongue lock
- Check general condition
- Look for wear and chafing
- Check battens and batten pockets
MAST AND RIGGING:
- Check mast and spreaders for corrosion or damage
- Inspect spreader boots and shrouds
- Inspect rivets and screw connections for corrosion
- Check reefing points and reefing gear
- Clean sail track
- Check rigging, turnbuckles and clevis pins for wear and corrosion
- Inspect stays for fraying and “fish hooks”
- Check forestay and backstay connections
- Check masthead fitting and pulleys
- Check and lubricate roller furling
- Check halyards and consider replacing or swapping end for end
- Tape turnbuckles, cotter pins, and spreaders
Read Related Articles:
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- Oregon Boat Registration
- Used Boats: Water Intrusion and Moisture Meters
Categories:To learn more about Boat-Alert.com History Reports for used boats and best boat history report reviews visit: www.Boat-Alert.com | <urn:uuid:18c2628d-0779-4a5e-8767-f2899cc57e37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.boat-alert.com/blog/check-for-these-boat-problems-before-a-boat-trip/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.90258 | 2,273 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Provides overview, key facts and events, timelines and leader profiles along with current news.
Features map and brief descriptions of the geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military and transnational issues.
Fast facts and information for kids about the country's geography, government, history, economy, land and people.
Fast facts along with videos, music clips, photo galleries and navigable, zoomable maps.
Country, city and thematic maps, along with links to maps on other web sites. From the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection at the University of Texas.
Provides news, issues, consular services and information about the country including culture and art, natural resources, economy and global trade, government, education, history, Islam, sports and a map.
Offers travel information including Background Notes, entry and exit requirements, safety and security, crime, health and transport.
Country portal offers a map and links to Background Notes, USAID page, the US embassy and the current ambassador, press releases, fact sheets, annual Human Rights Reports and other major reports including Country and Industry Market Reports.
December 1992 country profile provides information about its historical setting, society and environment, economy, government and politics, and national security.
Thanks to DMOZ, which built a great web directory for nearly two decades and freely shared it with the web. About us | <urn:uuid:02974b0e-98c5-4527-a627-e82e73066efe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.odp.org/Kids_and_Teens/School_Time/Social_Studies/Geography/Middle_East/Saudi_Arabia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.82521 | 481 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Here you’ll find answers to the most common questions about Mexican peso (MXN) transfers.
You can’t currently send money from MXN.
Sending to MXN
Who can I send MXN to?
You can send MXN to any bank account in Mexico.
What information do I need about my recipient?
You’ll need their full name, address, and 18-digit CLABE. This is made up of a 3-digit bank code, 3-digit branch office code, 11-digit account number, and 1-digit control digit.
How much can I send?
You can send up to the equivalent of 95,000 USD per transfer.
How much you can send also depends on what currency you're sending from, so check the relevant currency article for more information.
How long does it usually take for the money to arrive?
Once Wise receives and converts your money, it usually takes 0–1 working days to arrive in your recipient’s bank account. Conversion can take up to 2 working days.
We’ll always give you an estimate for how long your transfer will take when you set it up. | <urn:uuid:6be064cc-a1a1-4cb3-b050-d2f1e27cd32a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wise.com/help/articles/2932354/guide-to-mxn-transfers?origin=related-article-2932356 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.899519 | 247 | 1.546875 | 2 |
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Zeitz, A. O. (2021). Emulate or differentiate? Chinese development finance, competition, and World Bank infrastructure funding. Review of International Organizations, 16(2), 265–292. | <urn:uuid:b4da0f9b-a135-4927-8da0-82316b29b10d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11558-021-09427-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=0c34e61d-5aff-4b5c-9ab4-646020696e9d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.66268 | 3,819 | 1.570313 | 2 |
How to draw eyeliner for beginners
Now almost every girl who loves beauty has mastered the skills of makeup. Every day when she goes out, she will put on a beautiful makeup and then go out. Eye makeup is especially important if you want makeup to look more attractive. Good-looking eye makeup has the finishing touch, especially the eyeliner. If you draw it well, it will make your eyes look bigger.
However, there are a lot of people who are just beginning to learn makeup and don't know how to draw eyeliner, or how to draw eyeliner in order to make it look better.
One. Beginners use eyeliner or eyeliner
At first, the shape of the eyeliner is similar to that of a pencil. When you use it, you need to use the tip of the reel to cut off a part of it before you can use it. However, at this stage, the eyeliner has been produced using a whole refill, which makes it more convenient for people to use. The eyeliner is easy to color and easy to use. It is very suitable for friends who are just beginning to learn makeup.
However, there is a big disadvantage of eyeliner is that it is easy to faint makeup, especially for girls whose skin is more prone to oil, it is easy to cause faint makeup in eye makeup.
2. Eyeliner brush
Eyeliner is an upgraded version of eyeliner, which has been favored by girls in recent years. Its makeup color is very good, and there are very few cases of halo makeup. Coupled with its long-lasting makeup effect and smooth lines, it is a perfect eye makeup artifact. But for beginners, it may be difficult to hold it. It has a strong adhesion and is difficult to change once you put on makeup, so try to use it in one go when using your eyeliner.
Two. How to draw eyeliner for beginners
1. First choose the eyeliner that suits you. It is recommended that you can try it on your hand at the beginning. See if the eyeliner can be painted lightly, and it is very colorful. If it is difficult to paint on the hands, using it to draw the eyeliner will not be smooth, and it will easily pull the skin around the eyes.
2. When drawing eyeliner, be sure to concentrate and draw it in one go. Especially for beginners, when drawing eyeliner, it is easy to cause hand-shaking caused by hand shaking, so it is recommended that you can put your little finger on your cheek or use your elbow to rest on the table to maintain balance. It is more conducive to control and avoids skewed eyeliner drawing.
3. When the preparation is done, you can start to draw eyeliner. The eyeliner is mainly divided into three parts. First, determine the position of the eye's head, middle and end of the eye, and then divide it into three points by using an eyeliner.
4. When drawing these three points, we must first observe whether the points of the left and right eyes are on the same horizontal line. So you can put the eyeliner directly at the parallel point of the eyeliner, and then check it again by yourself.
5. After checking whether the points of the two eyes are parallel, then use an eyeliner to connect these three points, and then trace back and forth a few times. The eye line drawn in this way will be very symmetrical, and it will look smoother and more natural. | <urn:uuid:6609eb81-0c85-4279-a464-72b987cc088d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jfheadmodel.com/blog/how-to-draw-eyeliner-for-beginners.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959015 | 737 | 1.882813 | 2 |
At one time, Georgia recognized a informal type of legal union known as common law marriage. That ended on Jan 1, 1997. O.C.G.A. §19-3-1. However, if you were in a relationship prior to that date, you may be common law married. A marriage in Georgia may have occurred if a man and woman cohabited and proclaimed to the public that they are husband and wife prior to that date. There is no such thing as a common law divorce; a common law marriage must be terminated by the courts like any other marriage. Georgia does recognize common law marriages from other states where this form of marriage is still legal to enter in to such as South Carolina. However, you will need an order from that state.
REQUIREMENTS FOR A COMMON LAW MARRIAGE
There are three requirements for a valid common-law marriage in Georgia:
(1) the parties must be able to contract;
(2) there must be an actual contract; and
(3) there must be consummation according to law (O.C.G.A. §19-3-1).
These same requirements are applicable to ceremonial Georgia marriages, but apply a little differently in common law marriages. To be able to contract, both parties must be of sound mind, at least 18 years old, not related within a certain degree, and have no prior unresolved marriage. An actual contract is established in a common law marriage when the parties have a mutual agreement to be husband and wife and hold themselves out to the world as husband and wife. Consummation in a common law marriage is established by the continuous cohabitation of the parties. There is no required period of time that the parties have to live together, but the longer the cohabitation, the stronger the presumption that a Georgia common law marriage exists.
All of the above elements must be proven by a preponderance of the evidence to have existed prior to January 1, 1997 in order to establish a common law marriage that will be recognized by the state of Georgia. Once a common law marriage is established, the parties to that marriage are afforded the same rights as any other married couple, including the right to get a divorce.
WHY A COMMON LAW MARRIAGE MAY BE IMPORTANT
A common law marriage can be important if the parties separate or if one of the parties dies. If you separate and you are not married, then you may not have any rights to the home or to property that has been purchased during the time that you were together. In a divorce each party is entitled to an equitable division of the martial estate. If there is no marriage, then there is no marital property. The same may be true if one party dies. A spouse has certain rights to the estate. However, if you are not a spouse, you may have no rights. It can also mean the difference between being able to collect Social Security or Military benefits. If you need assistance, contact a Georgia family law attorney to determine your rights.
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See Plan Details | <urn:uuid:c5b4ccee-fa2e-4d66-bbb8-a2f07f293cfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.divorce-in-georgia.com/common-law.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957723 | 861 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Are you familiar with the BSA’s Lone Scout program?
Essentially, the Lone Scout program is for youth living far enough away from a community that it is difficult to participate in the traditional Scouting program.
Each Lone Scout is required to have a Guide or an adult who is responsible for assisting them through the program hopefully to attain Eagle Scout.
Recently, we had a Lone Scout join the ranks of our council and the Guide – a.k.a., his Mom –asked if there were opportunities to find Merit Badge Counselors (MBC) not from where they live to help her Scout earn merit badges.
She asked if there was anything wrong with a Scout working with a MBC through Skype.
This could be a great idea to help nontraditional Scouts get the same Scouting experience one participating in a troop.
If you think you could help a Lone Scout out by being a MBC through Skype please contact Kyle Smith, Director of Field Service at the Great Falls office.
You can reach Kyle by phone at (406) 761-6000 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:8d71a3df-3592-4a01-9acb-65419c295880> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://montanabsa.org/merit-badge-counselor-opportunity_skype/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967132 | 233 | 1.554688 | 2 |
If you operate a machine shop, then you know just how much wear and tear end mills experience. CNC machining is an incredible advancement in the field of manufacturing, but the milling cutters used in these milling machines are still subject to the heat caused by machining. If you want to keep your machines operating efficiently, then you need to be using carbide cutting tools.
Solid carbide is a specialized high speed tool making material. Unlike steel tools, which are made with specific alloys, carbide cutting tools are made with a composite material. By itself tungsten carbide is a ceramic material that cannot be used to make tools on its own. Despite the fact that it normally exists as a powder, carbide is a pretty amazing material because it is twice as strong and twice as rigid as steel. By mixing powdered carbide with a binding metal, you can create tool carbide.
Carbide tool stock gains positive properties from both materials when this powdered ceramic material is combined with a binding metal. The material’s metal component provides strength and flexibility, while the ceramic component provides rigidity and powerful edge retention. Carbide cannot lose its temper because it is a ceramic. This means it is ideal for high-speed, high-temperature operations where purely metallic tools would soften and lose their sharp cutting edges.
Carbide cutting tools can be used in a variety of milling applications. Because they can withstand the heat generated by friction, these tools can be used at a variety of speeds and feeds. Depending on the design of the cutter, carbide tools can be used for side milling, drilling, thread cutting, or other applications such as aluminum milling.
Despite the fact that carbide tools are stronger than cutters made of materials such as high speed steel alloys, they still wear out over time. Manufacturers will frequently treat tools with specialized coatings to protect them. These treatments are performed using advanced techniques like physical vapor deposition to create incredibly strong coatings.
When it comes to carbide tools, TiAlN is one of the most common coatings available. Titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) coatings are widely used because they are extremely hard and help insulate end mills during use. TiAlN actually forms a fine layer of aluminum oxide on the surface of the cutter, which helps to deflect heat away from the tool’s body, allowing heat to be lost with the chips rather than building up on the cutting edges. These tools will still get hot while in use, but they will last much longer than untreated tools.
If you’re looking for high-quality carbide cutting tools, it’s worth looking into tools made in the United States. Not only are these tools manufactured to exact tolerances with high-quality materials, but working with manufacturers in your own country provides you with easy access to customer service teams during business hours. Online Carbide is a fantastic tool manufacturer that produces high-quality cutting tools that they sell to users at manufacturer-direct prices. If you want amazing tools at great prices, go to www.onlinecarbide.com. | <urn:uuid:f709e719-12d1-4cf9-8740-25672fecad09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bnewsnw.com/2022/07/14/finding-quality-carbide-cutting-tools-is-worth-your-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946245 | 639 | 2.9375 | 3 |
THEATER IN INDONESIA
The best known theater and drama in Indonesia is the Javanese and Balinese shadow puppet theater based on the Ramayana epic, with its brilliant puppeteers (dalang) who may manipulate over a hundred puppets in all-night oral performances accompanied by a gamelan orchestra. Bali is best known for the diversity of its performance arts. Despite the fact that Bali draws visitors from around the world, and its troupes perform overseas, most Balinese performers are villagers for whom art complements farming. Randai the traditional folk theatre of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra is performed during ceremonies and festivals. Music, singing, dance, drama and the silat martial art are all incorporated together and are based on the traditional stories and legends.
Strangled by Suharto-era censorship, Indonesian theater as a mode of expressing topical and contemporary issues almost died. After Suharto’s reign, theater in Indonesia experienced a rebirth. Leading the way has been Jakarta's Teater Koma, known for its biting satire and shows like "Constipation Opera." Plays like “Marsinah”, about a slain political activist that landed its writer Ratna Sarumpaet in jail, are now performed openly before enthusiastic audiences.
Contemporary (and partly Western-influenced) theater, dance, and music are most lively in Jakarta and Yogyakarta, but less common elsewhere. Jakarta's Taman Ismail Marzuki, a national center for the arts, has four theaters, a dance studio, an exhibition hall, small studios, and residences for administrators. Contemporary theater (and sometimes traditional theater as well) has a history of political activism, carrying messages about political figures and events that might not circulate in public. [Source: everyculture.com]
Indonesian Theater in the Twentieth Century
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “Until the beginning of the twentieth century much of Java’s traditions of classical dance and theatre had been closely guarded treasures of the courts. Dance was mainly intended for court rituals, and its training was basically a means of educating the aristocracy and the court. The early years of the 20th century brought about a number of changes that have come to be called the “democratization of dance”. [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
In 1918 the first dance society, Kridha Beka Wirama, was founded in Yogyakarta to teach court dances to all, regardless of class. The idea was launched by the son of the Sultan of Yogyakarta, and the teachers included the best dance masters of the kraton. This marked the beginning of a still-active custom whereby the court traditions of Yogyakarta are taught in private dance societies to all who are interested, often for only a nominal fee. At present, the societies receive part of their income from performances aimed mainly at tourists. The leading dance societies in Yogyakarta that actively stage performances are the kraton-related Dalem Pujokusuman and Dalem Notopraian associations.
The Indonesian nationalistic movement awoke during Dutch colonial rule in the 1920s and during the Japanese Occupation in the mid-1940s. After that, when Indonesia was in the process of gaining independence, even wayang kulit, the most traditional form of theatre, was used to propagate patriotism and new political ideas. In the 1950s, the new nation, constructed of hundreds of ethnic groups, sought its identity, which was naturally also reflected in the arts. In the field of dance the new, nationalistic theatre organisations followed the model of the European socialist countries in transforming old traditions into new, “mass-oriented” variants, such as the peasant’s dance, the tea-picker’s dance, and the dance of the fishermen, as has been the case in many countries from the Soviet Union to China, to Cambodia etc.
Western-Influenced Theatre in Indonesia
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “A drastic step towards Western stage realism and melodrama can recognised in the Central Javanese ketoprak and the East Javanese ludruk, which are forms of popular theatre evolved around the end of the nineteenth century. Their plots are based not only on the traditional stock stories from the Ramayana and the Mababbarata but also on historical or modern topics. The performances are accompanied by music and include dance numbers, although the main emphasis is on a less stylised acting resembling Western spoken theatre. On the whole, stagecraft is similar to wayang orang, although there is even more of an emphasis on realism and even naturalism. Ketoprak and ludruk are still performed on temporary stages and in the theatre halls of amusement parks in various parts of Java. [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
“Western theatre and dance has begun to interest Indonesians to an increasing degree, and many artists have studied in the West, especially in the United States, since the 1960s. As in many Asian countries, so too in Indonesia the early interest in Western theatre and dramatists was concentrated in academic circles. A student theatre group, called Studiklub Teater (STB), was founded in the university city of Bandung, in West Java, in 1958. Many of the some 60 dramatic works staged by STB were by Western writers, including Chekov, Gogol, Shakespeare, Tennessee Williams, Ionesco, Brecht, and Camus. **
“STB was followed by several theatre groups, which aimed to reflect the rapid change in society and politics. In Jakarta Teguh Karya founded a group called Teater Populer. Teguh had studied in the West, and his work was dominated by realism and political idealism. Realism, often with political overtones, was the trend in several other modern theatre companies. Bengkel Teater, founded by Rendra, was even a target of the government’s censorship in the 1970s. Political criticism was the aim of the Teater Kicil (Little Theatre), founded by Arifin C. Noer in 1968. **
“Some of the pioneers of modernism employed Indonesian styles and aesthetics in their work. One of them is Balinese Putu Wijaya, who founded Teater Mandir (Independent Theatre) in Jakarta. In his work Putu adapted Balinese theatre conventions to his experiments. Yogyakarta, the old cultural and intellectual centre of Central Java, has also had several important early modern theatre groups. They include Teater Alam, Teater Dinasti, Teater Jepik, and Teater Gandrik.” **
Human Wayang Shows
“Wayang” is the Indonesia word for puppet and in Indonesia is used to describe theater both with and without puppets but is most often used as shorthand for wayang kulit (Javanese shadow puppet theater). The various art forms associated with it has been around for at least 1,000 years. Wayang shows are major social occasions. They have traditionally been featured at weddings, circumcision parties and festivals. Vendors are usually on hand, selling roasted peanuts, clove cigarettes and drinks.
Some theater dramas are called “wayang orang” (Wayan wong, see below)—human puppet shows. These are a from of dance drama in which real people perform the roles the puppets play in wyang kulit. Wayang toreng is similar except the performers wear masks (See Dance).
Popular in some parts of Java are all-night dramatic shows performed by elaborately-costumed and garishly-made-up “sandiwara” actors. Typical plots revolve around Hindu-Buddhist kings who converts to Islam or crafty servants who play tricks on their masters. . There is a lot of slapstick comedy and jokes about defecating. During one scene a peasant squats during the middle of a fight and tells the audience "it is a new kind of fertilizer. If you get it from the government, you have to pay. From me, its free." [Source: "The Villagers" by Richard Critchfield, Anchor Books]
Playing the female rolls are “bantjis”, or transvestites, who sometimes move about the stage according to the journalist Richard Critchfield "with swinging hips and exaggeratedly feminine tiny steps" while the orchestra plays "loud, suggestive drumbeats." Sometimes the audiences gets so excited they pelt the villains with stones. When this happens the actors might give a long monologue about crops and insects to put them to sleep. [Ibid]
Wayang Wong, Court Dance-Drama
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “In its grandeur and extreme stylisation, the Javanese wayang wong (wayang: shadow or puppet; wong: man) is undoubtedly one of the world’s greatest theatrical traditions. Wayang wong has been closely linked to court ceremonies. Large spectacles were staged, for example, in honour of the sultan’s coronation, or for weddings and birthdays. The performances had a deep symbolic meaning, and the hour of the spectacle and its plots were determined by the fact that the Sultan of Yogyakarta was identified with the Hindu god Vishnu. [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
“The performance began early in the morning, when the sun, identified with Vishnu, appeared in the sky. The sultan sat on a holy throne, always facing east in the middle of the famous Golden Hall under the highest point of its pyramidical roof, symbolising the axis of the universe. The performance took place on a lower level in a smaller hall annexed to the magnificent Golden Hall, for no one was permitted to stand higher than the divine sultan. **
“The performances, which could last several days, were grandiose events, and the audience included not only members of the court but invited colonial representatives as well. Wayang wong was an exceptionally expensive art form placing heavy demands on the kraton’s treasury. In some cases, the sultan even had to borrow money from the Dutch in order to be able to arrange these spectacles. The last full-scale court performance was staged in 1939.” **
Early History of Wayang Wong
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “Several forms of large-scale dance-drama are known from the early periods of Javanese history. A literary source from AD 930 refers to the wayang wwang dance- drama, a kind of wayang kulit performance where the puppets were replaced by human dancers. Its dance style is assumed to have been strongly influenced by India, and the actors were masked or unmasked according to the character portrayed. [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
“In the East Javanese Majapahit kingdom, the court dance-drama was called raket. The stories were derived from a contemporary East Javanese story cycle known as The Adventures of Prince Panji, and the performances are known to have lasted from evening until noon the next day. The theatrical tradition of Hindu-Buddhist East Java disappeared or a least changed with the spread of Islam to Java in the fifteenth century. It was, however, adopted by the Hindu courts of Bali, where it evolved into the gambuh, the quintessentially classical style of Balinese dance-drama. **
“In Java, the wayang topeng mask theatre discussed above remained the most popular form of dance-drama until the eighteenth century. When the kingdom of Mataram in Central Java split in two in 1755 as a result of Dutch domination, the courts of Yogyakarta and Surakarta became rivals, mainly in the field of arts, as the Dutch had considerably curbed the actual political power of the rulers. The court of Surakarta inherited the highly valued bedhaya dance and the topeng mask theatre from the Mataram kingdom. The Sultan of Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwana I (1755–92), therefore began to design a new form of theatre as his pusaka heirloom. In creating the spectacular wayang wong dance-drama, he explicitly strove to revive the dance-drama tradition of the ancient Majapahit dynasty in order to emphasise his role as its true descendant.
Later History of Wayang Wong
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “The flourishing period of dance and theatre, which began in the kraton of Yogyakarta and Surakarta in the mid-eighteenth century, continued throughout the following century. It led to new forms of wayang wong-related dance-drama. The best known of these are langen driya and langen mandra wanara. Around the middle of the nineteenth century Mangkunegoro V from the Mangkunegaran kraton in Surakarta created the langen driya, based on the adventures of the hero Darmawula, a story cycle dating back to the East Javanese Majapahit dynasty. It is performed by an all-female cast, who unlike the cast in wayang wong, sing all of their lines.” [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
“Langen mandra wanara, also a kind of wayang wong-derived “dance opera”, was created in the late nineteenth century by Prince Danuredio VII of Yogyakarta. Its plot material is based solely on the Ramayana, and its name derives from the epic’s monkey characters (wanara: monkey). The monkeys also lend a special feature to the whole performing technique: langen mandra wanara is performed in a crouching position and the movement patterns are characterised by monkey-like movements and gestures. **
“At present, both langen driya and langen mandra wanara are rarely performed, although the latter experienced a kind of renaissance in the 1980s when a complete performance was recorded by Radio France. The original wayang wong, on the other hand, is still performed actively, and it can be truly regarded as the classical dance-drama of Java. It has evolved into new variants in the twentieth century, which has in many ways been a period of drastic change in the performing arts. **
Wayang Wong Human Puppets and Performances
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “Wayang wong has many features in common with the wayang kulit shadow theatre. These include a similar overall aesthetic and the same narrative material, often from the Mahabharata and the Ramayana; even the movements of the actors clearly imitate puppets. The steps and gestures of the actors are basically “two-dimensional”, designed to move to the left and the right like the movements of puppets on the screen. Like wayang kulit, wayang wong is also accompanied by a large-scale court gamelan orchestra. [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
“In Yogyakarta, all the wayang wong actors were originally men, and included members of the royal family, other members of the court, and bodyguards. In Surakarta, Pangeran Adipati Mangkunegaran I, the contemporary and rival of Hamengkubuwana I, the creator of wayang wong, also began to compose wayang wong plays. This marked the beginning of the Surakartan wayang wong tradition of the Mangkunegaran kraton. The Yogyakartan and Surakartan styles differ in certain respects. In Surakarta women played female roles from the very beginning, and often noble hero characters as well. With its undulating movements, the Surakartan dance style is more subdued than the Yogyakartan style. There are also differences in costume and in the gamelan accompaniment. **
“The main language of the performances is Old Javanese, not the modern language, and the actors recite the lines themselves, while singers sitting among the gamelan perform the more demanding vocal parts. The performance is an intricately complex whole, where the concept of time and the structure is dictated by the gamelan’s soft and elaborate fabric of sound, further elaborated by the recitation, songs, and comments of the chorus. The dancer-actors move slowly, apparently according to their own logic, and from time to time remain frozen, reciting their lines in highly ornamental positions between their elegant dance movements. The chorus and the singers sitting together with the orchestra describe and comment on the events, while the actor-dancers recite their own lines in a stylised manner. **
Wayang Wong Characters and Movements
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “Because wayang wong borrowed the characterisation of shadow theatre, the style of dance, costumes, make-up, and vocal technique are all dictated by the stock types portrayed. The characters fall into three major categories: the female type, the refined male alus type, and the strong male gagah type. The dancer’s physique determines his or her role type. The women must be petite and slender, and they should also have beautiful facial features. The noble male characters must also be slender and delicate, whereas the strong male type should be powerful in both body and appearance. [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
“The movements of the wayang wong dancer-actors are generally fluid and solemn, and recitation is extremely stylised. The slow female dance is restrained and graceful, and its movements are directed at a low level covering only a narrow space. The female dancer rarely lifts her feet from the floor, and the basic position is always an open demi plié bent slightly forward. The movements of the refined male type are also directed at a rather low level, but the dancers are allowed to lift their feet slightly. Their whole dance technique aims at creating an overall impression of withheld strength, so typical of the Southeast Asian ideal of a hero. **
“The strong male type, on the other hand, moves energetically, standing in a very open leg position and lifting his arms and legs horizontally to create the impression of aggressive macho masculinity. All the role types use four basic hand gestures, derived from the shadow puppets. These, in turn, are partly based on the Indian-influenced dance of the Central Javanese period, as shown by preserved reliefs and sculptures. Unlike the Indian mudra, the wayang wong hand gestures do not have, at least not any more, any direct symbolic meaning. They are rather unforced, albeit extremely decorative, gestural extensions of the dance movements. **
“The above three major role types are each divided into a number of subtypes (humble, refined, proud, servant, adviser, etc.). There are a total of twenty-one role types, each with its own style of make-up and dress. The leading types have their characteristic movement patterns revealing their psychological qualities. For example, symmetrical movements indicate strength, stability, and, above all, humility, whereas asymmetry is a sign of proud and powerful energy.” **
Wayang Wong Stories, Costuming, Masks and Makeup
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “The costume includes a brownish-black batik sarong with a tight black velvet bodice for women, while the men dance with bare torsos. Also worn are jewelry and a crown or tiara, skilfully cut in gilt leather, with the model of the headdress revealing the rank of the character. The overall aesthetics are familiar to wayang kulit, and in this century the dance costume and head-dress were made to correspond more closely to those of shadow puppets. [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
“Characterisation is further emphasised by means of facial make-up, as masks are worn only by the demon and monkey figures. The slightly stylised make-up is light for the noble male and female roles, and red for the strong and coarse types. The facial make-up of the punakawan or servant clowns is usually white. Make-up can be divided into seven basic types, including, for example, various models of painted whiskers and beards for the men. The actors paint their whole body with yellowish boreh liquid, giving the skin a soft golden glow. **
“The traditional wayang wong plots or lakons, which in the early nineteenth century finally developed into written “librettos”, are mostly based on the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. In Java, these originally Indian epics are regarded as national literature, even to the extent that their heroes are felt to be the mythical ancestors of the Javanese. It is no wonder then that the heroes have, in a way, begun to live their own lives and have given rise to new and purely Javanese stories, which no longer have much to do with the original epic context. For example, the Lakon Rama Nitis (The Incarnation of Rama) portrays an incarnation of Prince Rama of the Ramayana as the god Krishna of the Mahabharata. **
“One of the earliest fantasies of this kind is the kakawin court poem, Arjuna Vivaha, composed in honour of King Airlangga’s wedding in 1035, whose principal hero is the virtuous Arjuna of the Mahabharata. Although it was originally official court poetry lauding the virtues of a ruler celebrating his marriage, it has survived as one of the most beloved and valued lakon of wayang wong.” **
Wayang Orang in the Twentieth Century
Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen of the Theatre Academy Helsinki wrote: “The gradual popularisation of wayang wong began in Surakarta in the 1890s when a Chinese businessman founded a commercial group adapting the wayang wong tradition of the Mankunegaran kraton. This new style, generally referred to as wayang orang, was aimed at ordinary city audiences. The company, now under the name of Sriwedari, still performs in the amusement park in Surakarta. The Bharata Theatre, founded in the 1940s, has maintained this tradition in Jakarta. [Source: Dr. Jukka O. Miettinen, Asian Traditional Theater and Dance website, Theatre Academy Helsinki **]
“Wayang orang is usually performed on a Western-type proscenium stage with heavy illusionistic backdrops, and an abundance of various stage effects. Commercial wayang orang groups are also active in the smaller towns, such as Semarang and Malang. Despite modernisation, wayang orang has preserved something of its original stylised dance-drama character. **
Buskers and Street Theater in Indonesia
The end of the Suharto era has meant an outpouring of culture and forms of expression and nowhere is this more evident than on the streets and sidewalks of Jakarta. Traditional dancers, ukelele players and coke bottle orchestras stake out territory in front of busy shopping areas and panhandle for change.
Transvestites and guitar-playing youths sing for cars stopped at traffic lights for small change. Drivers are expected to pay and if they don’t they are at risk of having a stone tossed at their window or their hub caps pulled off.
Text Sources: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Times of London, Lonely Planet Guides, Library of Congress, Compton’s Encyclopedia, The Guardian, National Geographic, Smithsonian magazine, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, AFP, Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic Monthly, The Economist, Global Viewpoint (Christian Science Monitor), Foreign Policy, Wikipedia, BBC, CNN, and various books, websites and other publications.
Last updated June 2015 | <urn:uuid:13521101-adea-4b25-abf4-0f9fc88018f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://factsanddetails.com/indonesia/Arts_Culture_Media_Sports/sub6_4c/entry-4055.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949576 | 5,259 | 2.59375 | 3 |
As a further reminder that an energy independent America is a more secure America, the intelligence website, Debka, is reporting that Al Qaida has announced new plans to target oil facilities throughout the Middle East and ignite a war inside Saudi Arabia - the world's top oil producer.
And so we have yet another reminder that our need for much higher mileage and clean-fueled vehicles is crucial not only for combating climate change and its impacts to our environment, economy, and quality of life. It is crucial for weaning us off of our increasingly precarious economic and security reliance on this most unstable region of the world. Surely, we can rise up and make happen an Apollo Project-type effort to get our economy off of its reliance on oil as soon as possible! Either we will do it by choice, or we will be forced to do it under the very unpleasant circumstances of an oil shock.
The Debka post is another example of how for so many of our problems - environmental, economic, health, security - sustainability is the answer. | <urn:uuid:71b703fb-da02-46d7-b8e7-03050cc37c87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://conservationvalue.blogspot.com/2007/02/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956441 | 213 | 1.617188 | 2 |
If someone asked me about what is the best way to address molds at home, here is one advice I would give: do not procrastinate when it comes to mold remediation. The longer you postpone tackling the issue, the more work and time you will need to solve it – that is based on my experience as part of a company that provides quality mold remediation Milwaukee.
Here’s the real cost of mold remediation procrastination:
Ruins the structural foundation of your property. You noticed some molds starting to appear one day and then you saw the size doubled after a day or two from the first appearance. And because you did nothing to address the issue, molds continued to increase — and bang! Now they are ruining your property in a scale you never thought. Molds are more difficult to tackle when they have penetrated beneath the wooden floor and walls. Indeed, they can ruin the foundation of your home in large scale.
Costs more money for cleanup and repair. It is important to address mold as early as possible because to procrastinate means to spend more money on cleanup and repair. Realize that the number of molds can grow exponentially most especially if they are lurking in an environment that is ideal for their thriving. This could also mean more and more money to spend for mold remediation Milwaukee.
The health of your family could be compromised. Molds can result to health issues as exposure to them can cause respiratory problem, headaches, and other physical symptoms. These health issues, when not taken care of as early as possible, can result to bigger health problem in the future. You might be forced to spend a huge amount if they become an issue that requires serious medication.
In a nutshell, it is essential to act as early as possible for mold remediation. Do not take chances. When you delay your mold remediation, it can damage your property hardly (which can lower its real estate value) and compromise your health and safety. That is the real cost of mold remediation procrastination. | <urn:uuid:9ddfc9a0-ff8a-422b-8fb6-da185f48ad5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://waterdamagemilwaukee.net/implications-mold-remediation-procrastination/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968856 | 415 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Growing up with a 523 pound father, Louis Yuhasz remembers how weight affected everything. His dad was a good man, but his immense size didn’t allow him to sit in the stands at Little League games. His son, Louis, recalls hearing his father cheering from the car. When the elder Yuhasz would wind up in the hospital, they would have to scramble to get a bed big enough to accommodate him. Today, instead of a single patient of this size, the problem has become so common that the average American hospital must treat seven morbidly obese patients.
It was because of “Big Louie” that his son felt he was put on this earth to start “Louie’s Kids,” named for his father. The national organization is a haven for overweight children, teaching them how to eat right, how to become active and stand up for themselves.
Son Louis was on his way to becoming like his dad. Food was a source of comfort and he was packing on the pounds. But, one day, Louis decided he was not about to let classmates bully him about his weight. He made up his mind, to run on the high school track every day for an entire summer. At the end of that time, going into the ninth grade, he had dropped 30 pounds and he never looked back. His desire to help others, after helping himself, was born.
Even today, Louis makes running part of his day. He tells kids that being active needs to be something that is part of one’s schedule, just like eating and deciding what to wear. Activity not only keeps off the excess pounds, it enhances self esteem and keeps depression at bay.
Where did you hang out as a tween or a teen? Today’s hangout spot of choice, especially in urban areas, seems to be the convenience stores, not exactly a bastion of healthy eating. Louie’s Kids teaches students the better alternatives. He also stresses compromise. If you opt for a doughnut during the day, later when mom is ready to serve dessert, just say no. Go instead for the apple or a tall glass of water.
Vending machines are another temptress for kids. With their focus on Title One schools, in which 80 percent of the student population gets a free lunch, Louis told me the average kid will spend $33.50 a month in vending machines. Imagine if that same $33.50 went toward fresh, nutritious food.
There are so many facets of the Weight War in America today. Just sit and watch people parade by and you will notice that children are becoming huge.
Growing up in the 60s, I remember only one overweight child in the entire school. I don’t recall anyone who was heavy in junior high. Without the ability to get outdoors and blow off steam, kids are left to languish in front of their computers or gaming stations and chow down on junk food to their heart’s content. The proof is in the pudding, as children are becoming diabetic. This is at the real crux of our health care dilemma in the U.S. today.
Louis told me the story of a young man who weighed over 500 pounds. He thought they were making some progress with him, but upon turning 18 in the state of South Carolina, he became eligible for disability payments. His family began living on those payments and they never saw the young man again.
You can hear my entire interview with Louis by Googling WCBS Health and Well Being Report. More information is available at www.louieskids.org.
Pat Farnack is midday anchor at all news WCBS 880 AM in NYC. She lives in Bucks County. | <urn:uuid:c86c08a6-3d31-4df0-ba06-c41fefad0aab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thereporteronline.com/2012/08/19/pat-farnack-louies-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.983402 | 768 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare is the quintessential romantic tragedy. The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet (1562), a narrative poem by Arthur Brooke had a heavy influence on Shakespeare when writing Romeo and Juliet. There were significant differences, particularly in the outcome for both Juliet’s Nurse and Friar Lawrence but when Brooke says about Romeus and Juliet being ‘a couple of unfortunate lovers, thralling themselves to unhonest desire; neglecting the authority and advice of parents and friends’ Brooke gives Shakespeare a template for the plot and narrative (Brooke & Shaaber, 1967: 404). The spine for the story of Romeo and Juliet (1597) and its subsequent unfolding tragedy is the patriarchal society. In this particular instance, the antagonists are Juliet’s father, Capulet and Romeo’s father Montague, who are at war. Romeo and Juliet fall deeply in love and Capulet wants Juliet to marry Paris, a boy he feels is of suitable calibre for his daughter’s hand. Defining the cause of the play’s tragedy is complex. During the play, the finger is pointed at individuals such as Friar Lawrence, Tybalt and even the self-realisation of Capulet at the end of the narrative. When considering the cause in a less emotive and accusatory fashion, the themes often explored are fate and even love itself. However, an area which seems particularly pertinent for exploration in relation to the play’s tragedy is the contextual issue of patriarchal structures and ideologies and the consequences of their imposing influences on the events in the narrative.
In act 1, scene 2, Capulet says ‘But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart, my will to her consent is but a part, And she agreed, within her scope of choice, Lies my consent and fair according voice’ (1.2.17-20: 17). In this instance, Capulet infers that Juliet has some choice or say as to whom her husband will be. The truth of the reality of Juliet’s choice and the paradox in Capulet’s character is spelt out in more forthright terms in act 3, scene 4 where Capulet tells his daughter ‘But fettle your fine joints ‘gainst Thursday next, To go with Paris to St Peter’s Church, Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither’ (3.5.153-155: 86). The subtext being, ‘get to the church, marry Paris or I will disown you’. Another telling feature of Capulet’s scant respect for his daughters status is when he addresses her as ‘Mistress minion you’ (3.5.151: 86), immediately prior to his decree for Juliet to go to the church.
Juliet, a strong willed and free spirited young lady only has eyes for Romeo. Capulet is completely oblivious to Juliet’s feelings to Romeo. When Friar Lawrence presides over the marriage of Romeo and Juliet (2.6.35-37: 59), Capulet still has designs on Juliet marrying Paris. To a father like Capulet, the esteem in which Juliet holds her potential suitor is not of a high priority to him. Whilst in most cases, the daughter is cherished and loved by the father, she is still viewed as a beautiful asset and not as an intelligent human being with the capability of independent thought. In the Patriarchal society, the daughter’s role is little more than bargaining leverage or a goodwill gesture in a potential business deal. Juliet was thirteen when she married Romeo whom himself, was only sixteen. Whilst Juliet was at an extremely tender age, she had the strongly held belief that Romeo was the man for her. In act 1, scene 3 in a discussion between Juliet, her mother Lady Capulet and her nurse, the possibility of marriage to Paris is repeatedly broached. Juliet says ‘I’ll look to like, if looking liking move, but no more deep will I endart mine eye, Than your consent gives strength to make it fly’ (1,3,98-100: 23). In other words Juliet is effectively saying “I will have a look but I am not promising anything”. This attitude from a daughter to a parent is almost unheard of in the patriarchal society.
The crux of the tragedy in Romeo and Juliet is centred on the patriarchal control exemplified by Capulet and to a lesser extent, Tybald. This is a phenomenon which is generally thought not to exist anymore but it is still common practice within certain faiths, particularly in some denominations of Islam. Whilst the male is at liberty to court whom he is happy to court and be reciprocated, ‘in the sight of Allah, it is only lawful for a Muslim woman to marry a Muslim man’ (Beg, 2009: 49). The idea of the Patriarchal society is of the father’s word being law. Relationships that are now frowned upon in contemporary Christian Caucasian society such as familial marriages with first cousin’s, were common place, indeed encouraged, in the Patriarchal society.
The first real sign of forthcoming tragedy occurs when the ‘bristling, easily provoked and dangerous’ cousin of Juliet, Tybalt, encounters Romeo in act 1, scene 5 (McLeish 1985: 248). Tybalt is immediately hostile to Romeo after he overhears Romeo’s voice at a masquerade ball. Tybalt is affronted by the presence of a Montague at a Capulet party. Tybalt views Romeo as a social inferior as well as being a Montague and he says ‘Now by the honour of my kin, To strike him dead I hold it not a sin’ (1.5.58-59: 30). This encounter is the forerunner for what happens in act 3, scene 1 when Romeo’s best friend, the universally popular Mercutio is killed by Tybalt. Romeo, distraught by the death of Mercutio, duels with Tybalt and subsequently kills him. Benvolio implores ‘Romeo, away, be gone!’ (3.1.133: 64). With Romeo banished from fair Verona after the slaying of Tybalt (3.1.132: 64), Juliet discovers from the Nurse that it was Romeo who had killed her cousin (3.2.71: 69). The love between Romeo and Juliet is so powerful that they pine for each other and question the point of being alive if they are to be apart.
Shakespeare’s use of contradictory speech and characterisation for Capulet is echoed in other characters and themes throughout the play. Romeo may be seen as the ultimate lover but ironically, he’s also the greatest fighter. Including himself, Romeo kills three people during the play. These binary opposites underpin Shakespeare’s exploration of the social and human condition. Capulet loves Juliet but he loves her in a controlling and stifling way, his love for her is conditional. This isn’t necessarily through manipulative malice, more than being through the custom and practice of convention and of what is expected of the patriarch in the society he lives in. The love is based on her acquiescence to his unquestioned rule. Capulet sees his role as to provide for and protect his family, in return, unquestioning complicity to his word is his right. The love is based on as much the patriarch’s pride, ego and the subservience of his wife and daughter’s as it is about their natural instinct to protect. His masculinity and authority must never be questioned. As Sasha Roberts said in study of Romeo and Juliet in 1998 ‘Masculinity is multifaceted in Romeo and Juliet. First, the play investigates the performance of manhood in different social contexts – the feud, the household, marital relations, filial relations, the church, male friendship’. (Roberts, 1998: 58)
With the statement ‘If all else fail, myself have power to die’ (3.5.243: 89) Juliet realises that with Romeo banished and her forthcoming nuptials to Paris, the only power she has over any of her destiny is the power to end her own life. Furthermore, Juliet is incentivised to end her own life by the fear of her father finding out that she is already married to Romeo, an outcome that is inevitable when she arrives for her wedding ceremony to Paris. Through drinking a potion that makes her appear to be dead, Juliet manages to have the wedding postponed to Paris (4.3.59: 98).
At the end of act 4, scene 5, Shakespeare uses the lower status characters of Peter and the musicians as they seemingly discuss music with their repeated use of the word silver (4.5.104/105: 127-140). As well as the word silver, there was an abundance of words with letter S in them, creating sibilance and a subconscious whispering effect. Shakespeare is once again using dramatic irony to let the audience know of the secrets we keep with the titular characters. This is a timely reminder of Capulet’s love of money, status and power. It is confirmation that Juliet is essentially a commodity despite his apparent grief earlier in the scene when he said ‘Our bridal flowers serve for a buried corpse; And all things change then to the contrary’ (4.5.89/90: 103). Capulet is not necessarily an evil man but, to quote St Paul’s frequently misquoted letter to Timothy in the New Testament, ‘the love of money is a root to all kinds of evil’ (St Paul, 1989: 208). Capulet’s fierce pride and intransigence to his daughter wishes have tragic consequences which conclude with the death of Paris at the hands of Romeo (5.3.73: 112), Romeo (5.3.120: 114) and Juliet at the hands of themselves (5.3.170: 116) and Romeo’s mother who dies of a broken heart on the discovery of his exile (5.3.210:118) | <urn:uuid:0af8fc66-0b17-4d4e-92b4-b9ce0b3c9d67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.anthony-murphy.co.uk/2012/12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955188 | 2,111 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Check the number of tweets each $Cashtag receives in real time. Select the cryptocurrencies you want to display and compare their Twitter evolution. See how they evolve and how they increase or decrease their volume.
Examine the Twitter real time stats the cryptocurrencies have. Detect peaks of activity for certain $cashtags and anticipate possible movements in the market. A Twitter increase might be followed by a value increase.
Compare the market value of the cryptocurrency has with the number of tweets it has received. After comparing and contrasting the market information and the Twitter stats make a decision about where to invest. | <urn:uuid:f7381f14-b48b-4d4b-b455-d85d9cd3119c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tweetbinder.com/cryptocurrencies-twitter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.915956 | 117 | 1.554688 | 2 |
HISTORY 3D Modular OrigamiBlock FoldingGolden Venture OrigamiChinese Paperfolding is a branch of origami where the piece is not made out of one singular piece of paper but made with many pieces each folded the same way. See more ideas about modular origami origami modular.
Modular Origami How To Make A Cube Octahedron Icosahedron From Sonobe Units Geometric Origami Origami Cube Modular Origami
You can make the cube with either unit 1 or unit 2.
Modular orgami. Modular origami or unit origami is a paperfolding technique which uses two or more sheets of paper to create a larger and more complex structure than would be possible using single-piece origami techniques. Modular origami is a type of origami in which complex creations are made from several pieces of paper which in some way fit or work together to create one larger creation. A bit of playing will ensure that each face has the same colour tucked in twice.
Learn how to make an origami succulent. Modular Origami uses more than one piece of paper to make boxes flowers and animals. It became popularized in.
Modular Origami These modular and geometric origami models are made with two or more pieces of paper folded into units which then fit together to create the final form. These models are very unusual and colorful and always will amaze you with its diversity. This is not the bascetta star I cant remember the name but its not it.
Modular origami is a type of origami where two or more sheets of paper are folded into units modules. Many units are assembled together to form the final origami model. Here is a great selection of modular origami models including modular origami boxes stars more.
Each individual sheet of paper is folded into a module or unit and then modules are assembled into an integrated flat shape or. You will be amazed that these stunning models are made out of something as ordinary paper. Any type of paper is fine sticky note reminder fold the sticky insidemight be dif.
Jun 26 2021 – Explore Eric Briefs board Modular origami on Pinterest. You can prepare 30 fish bases curl them and assemble like shown on. 389 Rating details 74 ratings 2 reviews.
Modular Origami 1 making shapes NCCM Apr 2020 Add the other pieces one at a time to make the cube. This type of origami is impressive when done properly. Unlike kusudama which strung units together to create larger structures modular origami uses only folds to join components together using no glue tape or string.
Modular origami involves folding a number of identical units and then assembling them together in a single shape a flat origami star or a 3D kusudama. Modular origami is origami that is made using more than one sheet of paper to complete a model. This is a step by step how-to book for making modular origami models based on polyhedra.
Its a very simple and breathtaking construction. The paper is folded into a shape called a unit or a module. Often the final model looks remarkably different compared to the appearance of the units themselves.
Author Meenakshi Mukerji is the winner of Origami USAs 2005 Florence Temko Award. It should be noted that collect the final model of the modules are usually much more difficult than. Modular origami is believed to have evolved from kusudama an ancient Japanese art that used folded paper to create vessels for holding incense and potpourri.
Construction involves inserting the tabs of one module into the pocket of another. Click here for Geometric Models. It has a dense middle and spiny twirls radiating from it.
Modular origami also called unit origami requires two or more pieces of paper. Fish curler is a modular origami construction that consists of twirled fish origami bases. A long origami tray to keep pens pencils or other items.
Modular origami is a fairly new type of origami models which are created from multiple connected together identical often fragments or links. Essentially modular origami is the use of two or more sheets of paper to create complex models built up from several units or modules. You can work out what goes where by putting the same colour pieces opposite each other in the cube.
The units are then assembled to create amazing geometric shapes. This long origami box has handles on either side easy to make no glue required. | <urn:uuid:a3133581-190c-4b3e-840b-02f3bbe98594> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://origami.photobrunobernard.com/origami-design/modular-orgami/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.909349 | 920 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Airlines often give their aircraft eccentric names, which can be found on the nose of the plane. This practice started in the early 1920s when KLM named its first airplane Dikke Dirk (Fat Dirk). Now, airplane naming can be done to celebrate a life-changing event, to connect with social media audiences, or to project an image.
Dream Start, Scootalicious, Miss Moneypenny, and Turmeric. Confused? Well, these are just some of the eccentric names that airlines give to their aircraft. Yup, that’s right, airplanes do have names and they’re often quite quirky!
As a usual flyer, you might refer to the aircraft you flew in by a number, such as Airbus A380 or Boeing 737, but only a few of you would know if you flew in Spruce Moose or Dream Start. How can you find out the name of the plane you’re boarding? Simple. It’s usually right on the nose of the plane!
Dissenting with the aphorism “What’s in a name?”, several global airline businesses presently spend quite a bit of time and money choosing an appropriate name for their aircraft. Traditionally, naming was done after a saint, star or city of birth, but with the rise of social media and the ubiquitous digital life, it’s not unusual to see an aircraft bearing a name that’s actually just a hashtag!
Lets’s look into the details of how airplanes are named.
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Naming that resonates with the culture, tradition, and nature
Well, naming airplanes is actually an old practice. Close to a century ago, in the early 1920s, KLM, the Dutch airline named its first airplane Dikke Dirk (Fat Dirk), because the plane had an unusually wide baseline. However, since then, KLM has chosen traditional roots for naming aircraft, such as city squares, capitals, and even local birds. The Boeing 777, which KLM uses in its fleet, bears the name of famous heritage sites.
Debbie Nakanelua-Richards, Director of Community Relations at Hawaiian Airlines, opines that in Hawaiian culture, the naming of a person or thing is indispensable and plays a pivotal role in defining its existence and spirit. Planes of Hawaiian airlines over the years have names taken from constellations, flowers and birds. In fact, on one occasion, a plane was named to honor a renowned Hawaiian sumo wrestler: Jesse Takamiyama.
EL AI, the national carrier of Israel, has a tradition of naming its aircraft after cities and towns of Israel. For example, there is Jerusalem, Rehovot, Sderot, etc. Interestingly, whenever EL AI decides to name its plane after a city or town, an unveiling ceremony in the corresponding city is done to accompany and bless the naming.
Aircraft running under Virgin Atlantic often have lady luck on their side, because they mostly have aircraft with female names, embodying their brand value. Some of these names include Ladybird, Hotlips, Pretty Woman, and Queen of the Skies, which according to the spokesperson at Virgin Atlantic are “classic names” that stand the test of time. One of the recently launched aircraft from Virgin Atlantic is called Indian Princess to celebrate the start of non-stop flights to India.
Several airlines in the aviation industry choose names to project their image. Therefore, Spicejet, an airline company from India, has chosen spices as names for its aircraft. The airplanes are given names like Coriander, Turmeric, Red Chili, Pepper, etc.
Sometimes a life-changing event turns into an airplane name. That’s what happened in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. As a symbol of gratitude to the people of Halifax in Canada, who took care of the airplane crew stranded there after US airspace shut down following 9/11, German airline Lufthansa named one of its Airbus 340 aircraft Gander Halifax. This was the first time Lufthansa opted for a foreign city’s name on one of its aircraft.
Connect with the ‘Digital’ Audience
Interestingly, many airlines have started using social media to connect with users and get a cool name from their audience on different social media platforms. For instance, Ryanair, an Irish airline, started a competition wherein a few lucky Facebook fans got a chance to have airplanes named after them.
Similarly, Qantas, an Australian airline, started an online campaign to find great names for several new aircraft. The company received more than 50,000 suggestions!
Scoot, a Singaporean airline with a lot of flights to India, has done social media crowdsourcing to resonate with the pulse of the young Indian masses. Keeping up with the fun, quirky and youthful image of the company, the airline has given saucy names to its aircraft, including KamaScootra, Scootalicious, Dream Start and Big Yella Fella.
Scoot actually merged with another Singaporean airline, TigerAir, and commemorated the merger by naming one airplane Conscious Coupling! | <urn:uuid:1c5a62c0-4864-4a40-9bca-d5865aa01468> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/planes-get-names.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950731 | 1,078 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Updated: Nov 12, 2021
"Ruth, the founder of Recycled By: has a mission. Her wish goes beyond persuading people to buy pre-owned clothing; it’s to encourage them to be proud to be seen in second-hand"
Recycled By - September 2021
Ruth, the founder of Recycled By: has a mission. Her wish goes beyond persuading people to buy pre-owned clothing; it’s to encourage them to be proud to be seen in second-hand. Recycled By seeks out the best pre-owned clothing available. Its current selection includes Prada mules, a skirt by Stella McCartney and pieces from top-end high street brands including Reiss. Yet unlike other luxury-orientated second-hand platforms, Recycled By: doesn’t conspire with customers to pass off their pre-owned finds as brand new. Every item of clothing sold by the comes with an elegant charm attached to show it’s unmistakably a Recycled By piece.
Although the preloved movement is growing, encouraging people to be unapologetic about buying pre-owned is necessary and timely. For every person who’s embraced a preloved wardrobe, there are several others for who the word ‘secondhand’ conjures images of musty charity shops and moth balls: associations that couldn’t be further away from the elegant styles curated by Recycled By:.
Movements such as Recycled By:, with an emphasis on sophisticated and grown-up style, are helping to broaden the demographics of preloved shoppers: while Gen Z’s enchantment with “Y2K” clothing has fuelled explosive growth for Depop, other age groups are less excited by pre-owned clothing as data from McKinsey shows. Perhaps that’s because anyone much over 30 was brought up to believe that wearing secondhand was a sign of poverty – something to be slightly embarrassed about. Happily, those perceptions are fading as people come to realise that preloved clothes are not only just as stylish as brand new, but also a discerning choice for those who don’t want to be complicit in the environmental disaster that is fast fashion. Since the bulk of environmental impacts attributed to fashion come from the manufacture of new clothes, buying pre-owned instead of new reduces carbon emissions substantially as well as saving water and chemical pollution.
Buying pre-owned is something to be proud of. Wearing ‘Recycled By’ is one way to demonstrate being part of the sustainable fashion movement, and perhaps inspire others to discover they can look good while doing good.
Enhancing Women’s Lives
Ruth is determined that Recycled By: will benefit both humanity and the environment. To that end, partnering with a charity is integral to her business plan.
Women’s employment outcomes have suffered disproportionately since the covid pandemic began, meaning that intervention to support women looking for work is more necessary now than ever. Recycled By: will partner with a charity that assists women in finding employment through coaching to help women succeed at interview. Working with a charity that advances women’s life chances seems a natural progression for Ruth, whose career began with fifteen years spent as an emergency care nurse. She then transitioned to working with vulnerable women in the UK – something she continues to do alongside running her fashion start-up.
Recycled By: will support organisations that match pre-owned clothes with women who are seeking work. As any job-seeker can confirm, having a chic interview outfit is the ultimate confidence boost. Not only that, nowadays clothing is massively under-utilised; many clothes sadly find their way to landfill after being worn just a few times, or are transported to developing countries where they damage local textile industries. Instead, matching clothes to new owners who can benefit directly from them is good for people and planet.
Ruth’s motivation for launching Recycled By: was twofold: To support a charity and to address the negative environmental and social impacts of the textiles industry. But there’s also a side benefit that delights her: “I also love the idea that more people can access the luxury market,” she says. “Having gorgeous designer clothes brings out an inner confidence in my customers.” To that end, Recycled By: goes to great lengths to ensure that every garment it carries is genuine. The business exclusively sources clothing from suppliers that have watertight authentification processes in place. Customers can be certain that the Chloe or Prada bag they’re buying is not only genuine but also in impeccable condition.
A tipping point
“The tipping point is that magic moment when an idea, trend, or social behaviour crosses a threshold, tips, and spreads like wildfire,” according to Malcolm Gladwell. The way we buy and wear fashion as a society is changing rapidly – because it has to. The environmental consequences of failure to change would be too severe. The Recycled By: movement is part of that sea-change, not only by answering a customer need for stylish secondhand clothing, but also by inviting customers to be proud of being at the forefront of this fashion revolution. | <urn:uuid:9bbac27a-01d1-43db-aaf1-b03d1acc15bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.recycledby.co.uk/post/thestorybehindtherecycledbymovement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968869 | 1,095 | 1.742188 | 2 |
1 Homeownership Class
In this time of economic recession, low-income new American families are increasingly vulnerable to predatory lending practices and poor home ownership choices.
This gift will provide one home ownership literacy class to a low-income new American. AnewAmerica's 25-week college certificate course in Business Planning educates immigrants and refugees about how to be fiscally responsible, successful business and homeowners. Classes are offered in English, Spanish, or Vietnamese. Through these classes, entrepreneurs gain access to the education and resources they need to become voices for change in their communities. Home ownership education guides clients through the process of deciding whether it is appropriate to invest in a home, and if so, how to best act in their financial interest. | <urn:uuid:b3e05cab-bbd6-4695-9306-cba84f68c48a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://giftsforhumanity.org/products/anewamerica-community-corporation-teach-homeownership | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.942375 | 160 | 1.625 | 2 |
The attack of the Ministry of Education and Training’s website by teenage hacker Bui Minh Tri exposed the weakness of local websites. Actually, many seminars have warned about the vulnerable local IT security since 2000, but it seemed that no one took it seriously.
Era of Hackers
Last year there was an infestation of hacking breaches on local websites. For instance, Bui Hai Nam, nicknamed Hainam Luke, unleashed his virus hidden under a link onto Yahoo! Messenger.
The link contains a Trojan program which can secretly install code to enable attackers to gain remote control of a computer
Nguyen Thanh Cong, who uses an online name of DantruongX, hacked the e-commerce website vietco.com offline with his Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack.
Nguyen Quang Huy, A.K.A. Huyremy, defaced the chodientu.com’s site with telling-off, crippling the site for a long time.
Last Christmas, a group of hackers named “Vniss” launched a “one-day campaign”, encouraging its members to deface local websites and leave their names and link to Vniss site.
Nhoctaphack hacker was at the vanguard by logging into dozens of websites including inchamvietnam.org, aptech-nghean.com/news.asp and chigiup.com/default.asp, replacing their homepages with a picture of a bird and a message: “This site is hacked by Nhoctaphack. Welcome to Vniss”.
According to local web surfers, hundreds of websites felt preys to Vniss last year. And for the present, there are tens of similar groups, driving IT security experts up the wall.
Administrative Penalty: Too Small
|Teenage hacker Bui Minh Tri (left, white)|
Teenage hacker Bui Minh Tri broke into the Ministry of Educations and Training’s website on November 27th and replaced the minister’s picture with his half-naked picture, shocking the IT security community.
A hacker replaced the homepage of the Viet Nam Football Federation website with a picture of a bat on December 31st.
The hottest news is that the online music website nhacso.net and the Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam’s site became victims of hackers on the first day of the year.
“Those hacking breaches warned us about the vulnerability of local websites today,” an IT security expert says.
According to an official of the Ministry of Public Security, about ten hacking breaches were found last year and the attackers had to pay an administrative fine of US$625 to 1,250.
“While the Criminal Code has no regulations on hacking breach, the fine for hacking website is too small to scare hackers,” he added.
More than 20,000 computers were infected with “Gai xinh” virus in two days last year, but the virus maker only paid US$625 in fines.
Huyremy paid only US$625 for taking chodientu.com website. So far, only DantruongX has been prosecuted, but for stealing money by his fake ATM card, not for his hacking of the vietco.com site.
“The Ministry of Justice is, by now, composing, amending and adding some regulations on fighting hi-tech criminals in the Criminal Codes,” said Tran Van Hoa, head of the anti-hi-tech criminal department under the Ministry of Public Security. | <urn:uuid:45e34cbe-2d56-4972-ab18-6df0c7aa8d0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sggpnews.org.vn/science_technology/hacking-breaches-expose-web-weakness-36227.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934386 | 768 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Market Dynamics and Productivity in Developing Countries: Economic Reforms in the Middle East and North Africa
To what degree are trade liberalization, productivity, and economic growth correlated? Can economic policies designed to encourage competition and curtail industry protection result in large-scale improvements, such as increased innovation and reduced unemployment?
After 20 years of economic reform in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), economic performance is still lagging behind many regions of the world. Even in those countries that are the most advanced in implementing reforms, industries with low productivity growth and high market power continue to dominate.
Showcasing in-depth analyses from Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey, and with comparative data from Asia and Latin America, this book focuses on the dynamics of firm entry and exit to help explain the low productivity of the region. The results suggest a number of policy recommendations designed to foster competition and contribute to innovation, productivity growth, and improved return on capital investments. The book not only reveals important correlations among policy and market factors in MENA, but suggests fruitful areas of research in other developing regions of the world.
Khalid Sekkat is Full Professor of Economics at Université Libre de Bruxelles and a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Technologies in Morocco. Professor Sekkat has held visiting professorships at various universities (including Louvain, Paris, Strasbourg, Seville, and Casablanca). He was Economic Adviser to the European Commission and has acted as a consultant to the European Parliament, the European Commission, the World Bank, and the OECD. | <urn:uuid:e74198e9-2492-4293-a531-3d0e0a53a7e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prd-idrc.azureedge.net/es/node/10964 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.927018 | 328 | 1.65625 | 2 |
"Ayotzinapa was the state". Flickr. Some rights reserved.
One year has passed since 43 students
from the Ayotzinapa Normal School in the state of Guerrero were disappeared by perpetrators
whose identity remains unknown and whose crimes remain unpunished. The
brutality attributed to the disappearance and alleged killing of the students,
as well the covert and overt involvement of public officials and security
personnel, put an end to the silence and inertia that seemed to had taken hold
Despite the several episodes of brutality and impunity shaking the nation over the last decade, including the mass killing of 22 civilians in Tlatlaya in the State of Mexico only two months before Ayotzinapa, no event had produced such a national sense of indignation as the disappearance of the 43 students. Ayotzinapa shattered at once the image of stability, cohesion, and economic modernization so carefully crafted by president Peña Nieto since the moment he took office in 2012. Ayotzinapa demonstrated that violence and insecurity were far from becoming an ancillary topic in the public agenda and that despite the government’s otherwise successful economic reforms, security and justice would continue to reflect the state’s incapacity to establish the rule of law.
Ayotzinapa expresses, perhaps in the most transparent and dramatic way, the legacies of a war on drugs that continues to loom large in the policies and politics of the Mexican state. It reveals the levels of corruptibility and criminal complicity that exist within different levels of government. It underscores criminal organizations’ increased capacity to both coopt and coerce state officials. It brings to the fore the abuses and human rights violations that have either been neglected or promoted by government officials in the name of security. It furthermore sheds light on the consequences of a set of policies that construed the lives of suspected criminals as less worthy to be subject to a system of due process and justice.
Without the visibility and public support that parents and friends of the 43 students have called upon, Ayotzinapa would be just one more amongst the 25 thousand anonymous and unpunished disappearances that have taken place in the country since the end of 2006. Without their names and faces standing at the forefront of street protests, local and international newspapers, and pro-human rights demonstrations, the 43 students would become yet another casualty in a war that has divided the nation between law-abiding citizens and those “others” whose killing could go unpunished.
Of course, the occurrence and ongoing impunity of Ayotzinapa signifies more than a legacy of the war on drugs. As a historian working on lynchings and extrajudicial killings in twentieth-century Mexico, I have been able to document firsthand a reoccurring theme of cases wherein state officials- from mayors to police officers and military personnel- participated in the torture and killing of individuals who were deemed politically dangerous. Against the image of a Mexican state that was able to build a “perfect dictatorship” through cooptation and limited repression, history shows that Ayotzinapa is part of a longer trajectory wherein political elites have tolerated and at times promoted the use of extrajudicial violence in order to establish their rule. Furthermore, political elites- at both the local and state level- have time and again used police forces as a means to advance their private interests and to establish alliances with certain criminal groups.
The networks of complicity between politicians, police forces, and criminal organizations underpinning the Ayotzinapa case are thus not new. Rather, they are the aggregated and aggravated result of a long and rather perverse exercise of authority that has contributed undermining the rule of law. Nonetheless, history does not simply repeat itself. Between the Mexico of the Ayotzinapa disappearances and that of the Tlatelolco massacre or the assassination of schoolteacher Lucio Cabañas, there are decades marked by social and political change. The vibrancy and maturity of Mexico’s civil society and the level of international scrutiny brought about by years of democratic struggle squarely situate Ayotzinapa in a historical present, wherein Mexican citizens and international actors are watching and willing to act.
The work of the Group of Independent Experts (GIEI by its Spanish acronym) designated by the Inter-American Commission for Human Rights, as well as the various demonstrations taking place in Mexico and other parts of the world throughout the past months, are illustrative of a new as well as emergent set of demands Mexican political elites face in regards to the nation’s sense of justice. They are also telling of the continuing contradictions that characterize Mexico’s system of democracy. The findings of the GIEI stress the inconsistencies and weaknesses of the investigation following the Ayotzinapa case. They furthermore suggest that the criminal complicity of security officials, at various levels of government, lies at the core of the case. In other words, it calls into question the “historical truth” articulated by the government and which had depicted Ayotzinapa as the product of a few local “bad apples,” rather than as the expression of systematic practices of abuse at all state levels.
Up until now, the Mexican government has remained open and in principle responsive to the demands of both civil society and international actors. Nevertheless, in practice, the investigation process has lacked both transparency and efficacy. The government’s “good intentions” have utterly failed to provide a sense of truth and justice that parents, students, and citizens alike continue to demand. Civil society, public opinion, and international players must remain vigilant and alert in order to bring justice to the Ayotzinapa students. Ayotzinapa is neither an isolated case nor one that can be subsumed under a narrative of drug-trafficking and “local” lawlessness.
Indeed, Ayotzinapa “fue el Estado,” inasmuch as it was and continues to be the result of impunity and systematic practices of abuse within different levels of government.
Omar García, one of the students that survived the attacks perpetrated that tragic night of September 26th of 2014, was asked in a recent conversation with university students in Mexico City to talk about the 43 disappeared. “How were they? What did they like to do? What soccer team did they supported?” asked candidly a student in an effort to bring their voices and lives back. Omar responded, pointing at different directions in the audience, “they were like you, and like you, and also like you.”
As long as we understand that Ayotzinapa is not an aberration that happens to “others,” as long as we regard it as a mirror and not simply a distortion of Mexico’s present reality, then we may be able to bring the 43 and the thousands of Mexicans who have been forcedly disappeared, back from oblivion and their disappearance, and closer to a sense of justice.
Get our weekly email | <urn:uuid:267a42f7-d7eb-41db-a7ef-48d77096c1e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/democraciaabierta/ayotzinapa-unheard-cry-for-justice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966403 | 1,434 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Traditional U.S. grocers came under fresh pressure on Thursday after the biggest one, Kroger Co., said intensifying competition would further cut into earnings this year.
Kroger's shares fell 18%, on track for their steepest one-day drop in more than 17 years, as the company reported lower sales at longstanding stores for the second straight quarter and cut its earnings outlook. Shares in other big food retailers also fell on the news.
It was the latest blow to big grocers battling volatile food prices on one front and stiffer competition on another.
"The change right now in what the customer wants has never been faster," Kroger Chief Executive Rodney McMullen said in an interview.
Consumers are shopping for more of their groceries outside of traditional supermarkets. Online merchants, discounters and meal-kit delivery services are all cutting into grocers' market share. At the same time, a global commodity glut has pulled down prices for many staple foods over the past 18 months, putting pressure on many retailers to lower prices.
Sales have continued to slacken. Food and beverage sales at brick-and-mortar stores in the U.S. were down nearly $3 billion in the first quarter from a year earlier, market research firm Nielsen says. Grocery-store visits ticked up just 0.5% over the past year.
Meanwhile, more people are shopping at discounters and online retailers. Trips to deep-discount chains are up 2.9% over the past year, Nielsen says, and online grocery orders have risen 6.8%.
"The economic model of the traditional grocery store is incredibly challenged," said Wolfe Research analyst Scott Mushkin.
German-based chain Lidl is opening its first 10 stores in the U.S. this week. At Thursday's opening of a store in Wilson, N.C., a line of more than 100 people snaked around the block ahead of time, an industry analyst reported. Rival German chain Aldi, which has operated in the U.S. for decades, plans to invest $5 billion over the next five years to open nearly 900 stores and remodel hundreds more.
Amazon.com Inc. is also selling fresh groceries in some cities and recently launched two grocery pickup locations in Seattle.
"The is the most disruption the grocery industry has seen in the last half-century," said David Ciancio, a former Kroger executive and a strategist at consumer-data company dunnhumby. "More customers are concerned about price and value, and that has a material impact on profitability."
Whole Foods is under pressure to reverse a nearly two-year decline in same-store sales that has halved the specialty-food chain's share price. Wal-Mart Stores Inc., the largest U.S. food seller, is cutting prices to keep up with competition from Amazon.com. Target Corp.'s food-and-beverage comparable sales continued to fall in the latest quarter, even after the chain replaced its grocery chief earlier this year.
Some grocers may need to merge to keep up, said Mr. McMullen, Kroger's CEO. "We would expect there would be consolidation in the industry."
Kroger will continue to cut prices to retain customers, he said, and strive to improve customer service in part by paying higher wages. That will add to pressure on Kroger's bottom line.
"The best thing that we can do is to stay on the offense," he said.
The downbeat outlook from Kroger, the largest traditional grocery chain in the U.S., triggered a selloff on Thursday across the food-retail sector. Shares in Whole Foods fell more than 6%, while Wal-Mart and Costco Wholesale Corp. shed more than 1.5%. Target's shares were off by 3.5%.
Kroger's stock had already dropped 12% this year through Wednesday after sales declined in the first quarter, breaking a 13-year streak of quarterly sales growth. Thursday's tumble sapped another $5 billion from Kroger's market value.
The Cincinnati-based company, which operates Ralphs, Fred Meyer and other chains in addition to its flagship Kroger stores, said same-store sales excluding fuel fell 0.2% in Kroger's first quarter, compared with a 2.4% rise in the same quarter a year earlier.
Same-store sales will still grow up to 1% this year, Kroger forecast. Executives noted that same-store sales were positive in the last nine weeks of the first quarter and in the second quarter so far.
Kroger expects annual adjusted earnings of between $2 to $2.05 a diluted share in 2017, compared with its previous estimate of $2.21 to $2.25. In all, Kroger reported a first-quarter profit of $303 million and revenue of $36.29 billion.
Austen Hufford contributed to this article
Write to Annie Gasparro at email@example.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
June 15, 2017 15:49 ET (19:49 GMT) | <urn:uuid:ece27754-c63e-48e0-9778-c1513827c181> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/kroger-shares-slide-as-grocer-is-battered-by-price-fight-3rd-update | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963601 | 1,065 | 1.5 | 2 |
Speak Out Safely
SOS is an online reporting tool that Knowle Park uses to encourage children to report bullying. We would always encourage children to speak to a trusted adult in school if there is something worrying them but sometimes that isn’t easy to do. The SOS button means worries and problems can be reported online safely with information gathered to pass to a designated member of staff.
If you are worried about something, just click on the SOS button and fill in the form to let us know what the problem is. We can then follow it up and help to solve the problem. | <urn:uuid:19282e0e-55ec-40da-a55f-5237987cfc50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.knowlepark-pri.bristol.sch.uk/children-and-curriculum/speak-out-safely | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966244 | 120 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Brazil's environmental protection agency Ibama has awarded a preliminary environmental license for the US$941M, 1087MW Estreito hydroelectric project in the northern state of Tocantins.
Granting of clearance for the project was delayed until the project’s sponsor Ceste completed additional public hearings in the region that will be affected by the plant and its 550km2 reservoir. Public hearings were held again in January and February this year.
After meeting Ibama’s requirements, Ceste will need to obtain an installation license before starting construction works.
The joint venture sponsoring the project includes the utility Tractebel Energía and mining conglomerate CVRD (30% each), US aluminum maker Alcoa (19.1%), Australian mining company BHP Billiton (16.5%) and Brazilian engineering firm Camargo Corrêa (4.4%). | <urn:uuid:588204d4-8872-47be-89a9-8e38ccbba2b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newsibama-awards-estreito-license/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933679 | 182 | 1.578125 | 2 |
FIND A SOLUTION AT Academic Writers Bay
Write an Overview and management of preeclsia
Human rights in Egyptare guaranteed by theunder the various articles of Chapter 3. The country is also a party to numerous international human rights treaties, including theand the. However, the state of human rights in the country has been criticized both in the past and the present, especially by foreign human rights organizations such asand,although thehas frequently rejected such criticism. According to human rights groups, as of January 2020 there are some 60,000in Egypt.“The worst mass killing in Egypts modern history” occurred during the dispersal of a, when as many as 900 protesters were killed.
Rights and liberties ratings and summaries
In 2020,ranked Egypt as “Not Free” in its annual Freedom in the World report. It gave Egypt a “Political Rights” score of 7/40 and a “Civil Liberties” score of 14/60, with a total score of 21/100.The same year,ranked Egypt at 166th place in its annual.
Seefor more information on these ratings and how they are determined.
The US Department of State “2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices” listed the following problems in Egypt:
Significant human rights issues included: unlawful or arbitrary killings, including extrajudicial killings by the government or its agents and terrorist groups; forced disappearance; torture; arbitrary detention; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; political prisoners; arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy; the worst forms of restrictions on free expression, the press, and the internet, including arrests or prosecutions against journalists, censorship, site blocking, and the existence of unenforced criminal libel; substantial interference with the rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of association, such as overly restrictive laws governing civil society organizations; restrictions on political participation; violence involving religious minorities; violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; use of the law to arbitrarily arrest and prosecute LGBTI persons; and forced or compulsory child labor.
complains that an “unfair referendum” by authorities in 2019 added amendments to the constitution consolidating “authoritarian rule, undermin[ing] the judiciarys dwindling independence, and expand[ing] the militarys power to intervene in political life.” Using the excuse of fighting the terrorist ISIS insurgency “Egyptian authorities showed utter disregard for the rule of law. Since April 2017, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi has maintained a nation-wide state of emergency that gives security forces unchecked powers.”
Freedom of speech
The Press Law, Publications Law, and the penal code of Egypt regulate and govern the press. According to these, criticism of the president can be punished by fines or imprisonment.deemsto have an unfree press, although mentions they have a diversity of sources.As of 2020,(RsF) ranked Egypt 166 out of 180 countries in press freedom.(Press freedom has gone from 143rd out of 167 nations in 2008,to 158th in the world in 2013. The RsF group laments that the Sisi government has “bought up the biggest media groups to the point that it now controls the entire media landscape and has imposed a complete cldown on free speech.”The two sources agree that promised reforms on the subject have been disappointingly slow or uneven in implementation. Freedom House had a slightly more positive assessment indicating that increased freedom to discuss controversial issues has occurred.
Following thethere was hope for greater freedom of speech in Egypt. However, as of February 2012, television journalistreported a “re-emergence of fear” in Egypt.
“Once again, I was told, Egyptians are starting to look over their shoulder to see who might be listening, to be careful what they say on the phone, to begin considering all over again who they can and cannot trust.”
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We provide high quality term papers, research papers, essays, proposals, theses and many others. Atnbsp;AcademicWritersBay.com, you can be sure ofnbsp;excellent gradesnbsp;in your assignments and final exams. | <urn:uuid:f1acdd60-d919-49f5-bd3c-276e560559ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://academicwritersbay.org/write-an-overview-and-management-of-preeclampsia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926443 | 1,463 | 2.890625 | 3 |
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Information making the rounds in the media implies that Israel would retain sovereignty over the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the “holy basin” region — including the Old City.
On Wednesday, the Palestinian Authority (PA) responding to multiple reports of a United States-drafted Peace Plan, said that "any peace plan that does not include an independent Palestinian state — with all of East Jerusalem as its capital — on the 1967 borders, is destined to fail."
The U.S. Israel-Palestinian plan will reportedly propose that Jerusalem be divided into territories, designating some annexed Palestine regions solely to Israel and sharing others.
A spokesman for the PA presidency in Ramallah, Nabil Abu Rudaineh, reiterated that any valid resolution can only be determined through the required international procedures involving the principle of two states, Wafa reported.
According to Channel 13 News, U.S. President Donald Trump's so-called "deal of the century" will include a Palestinian state on some 90% of the West Bank but only parts of east Jerusalem. Trump previously indicated that a peace plan would be published in the upcoming months [after the Israeli parliamentary elections scheduled for April, 9], Israeli Reshet 13 said.
Information making the rounds in the media implies that Israel would retain sovereignty over the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the “holy basin” region - including the Old City and its immediate environs - which it should “jointly run” with Palestine, Jordan and possibly other countries. The plan will allegedly give Palestine two times the size of the country’s current territories.
Rudaineh commented that the "rumors and leaks about the deal of the century, as well as ongoing attempts to find regional and international parties that would cooperate with this plan, are failed attempts that will reach a dead end."
The peace plan will require the annexation of the large settlements and the evacuation of settlement outposts deemed illegal under Israeli law, the reported detailed, citing a source involved in the briefing.
The White House has since dismissed the report as inaccurate and speculative. “As in the past, speculations regarding the peace plan are inaccurate. We have no further reaction,” Washington stated in a release.
The Israeli government is yet to respond.
U.S. President Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 and relocated the US embassy to the city.
Trump’s action prompted Palestine to deem any United States-proposed peace process invalid, opting for one based on international law, and the United Nations Security Council and General Assembly resolutions. Palestinian-Israeli relations have been tense for decades, with an escalation of tensions during the Great Return March protests. | <urn:uuid:be5249e9-6b36-45ff-bdb2-679178b29bac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Palestine-Rejects-US-Peace-Draft-on-Shared-Jerusalem-20190117-0003.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941597 | 586 | 1.75 | 2 |
Fresh Paint is five person group show investigating architecture by way of reducing or exaggerating architectural space, depicting contrived interiors or exteriors. The press release reveals that “Some of these settings are fictionalized, others completely devoid of narrative. They are, in effect, non-space and the ‘every-place’ at the same time.” Lehmann Maupin is a perfect space to conduct such an investigation as the famed architect and theorist Rem Koolhaas designed the gallery. The primary question the show urges the viewer to ask is: What are its ethics and how are we to live with it? In essence, what are we to do with architecture?
Christian Hellmich’s paintings dominate the exhibition primarily because they are the most overtly architectural. All three of his paintings present unpopulated exteriors that have no obvious purpose. His works incite viewers to ask the question: What happens to architecture in the absence of people, and thus in the absence of ethics? At a more formal level, theorist Jens Schröter, in an essay about Hellmich’s work, writes that the “frames and grids in Hellmich’s works—paneled and/or gridded windows, echeloned balconies, striped deck chairs, and especially the dull windows blocking a voyeuristic gaze into depth—allude to the flatness of the pictorial plane.” Schröter remarks that Hellmich’s style calls “to memory a past world.” This past world was perhaps one in which we knew what to do with architecture. But if the architectural subject matter in Hellmich’s paintings alludes to the pictorial plane then we must ask not only what we need in architecture, but also what we need in paintings.
David Deutsch’s paintings attempt to show what we need from paintings by abstracting the ugly everyday. “Trucks” abstracts a truck depo while “Blue Smoke” abstracts tract houses and cars. Deutsch pulls architectural features out of focus and transports them onto the canvas. These are inhabited spaces from which the viewer is removed. Thus, the audience is still forced to ask the question: what is it that we need in architecture? However, it might turn out that it is not possible to successfully abstract architecture, for it is essentially (and not accidentally) concrete.
Fabien Rigobert’s single-channel videos “Topanga Ground” and “South Flower 2” are the only non-painting inclusions in the show. These intriguing videos consist mainly of still videos slowly morphing. His works are videos as paintings, an underexploited medium. In “Topanga Ground,” Rigobert creates a rather trashy outdoor living room, complete with fire, and allows his subjects to barely move, but to barely move freely and morph with the scenery. It is radically unclear how the audience should approach such works. Should they sit and watch “Topanga Ground” in its 2 minute 24 second entirety or is it sufficient for the audience to look at the work for as long as they are engaged? The questions Rigobert’s works offers architecture are: Can we move within a building? Or are we static within its static walls?
Angela Defresne’s works, which use architecture as a set piece, leave an appropriate amount of narrative amusement. Her paintings offer a bit of gossipy fun encouragement in the midst of a thoughtful show. But, of course, her paintings are critical as well. They investigate how we create and invoke narratives of space and ask what we read off architectural surfaces.
In “Me and Bruce Lee and another famous yet un-nameable man on the shore in front of an unmade building designed by Frank Llyod Zrigth called Donahue Triptych” Defresne’s narratives effectively oppose and confuse each other. The subject of the painting is an opulent coastal series of three buildings on the edge of a cliff that looks to be Northern California. The variety of pop cultural references—Frank Lloyd Wright, Bruce Lee, the gossipy insistence on celebrity—combined with the postmodern rhetorical strategy of claiming that the painter is in front of an unmade building, are dizzying and full of personality. The character of Defresne’s buildings can be effectively opposed with the anonymity of Hellmich’s spaces as possible answers to the questions posed in the Fresh Paint.
The diversity of works in the show exemplifies the variety of ways we might think about architecture and the built environment more generally. Conceivably this diversity is all that paintings can show us. Perhaps if we need a more overarching schema we must turn elsewhere. It is clear that although Fresh Paint is comfortable asking a great many important questions, it does not have the means to answer them. But maybe these are not questions that paintings themselves can answer on their own; philosophers and other theorists must help us figure out what to do with architecture. —Francis Raven | <urn:uuid:7c451bcf-fe74-4b85-afcf-70e46f73b79a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ww.brooklynrail.org/2005/09/artseen/fresh-paint | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95878 | 1,065 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Love it or hate it, cleaning around the house will not only make your living environment cleaner and tidier, but healthier and more productive too.
Research from Dr. Beckmann's Cleaning and Laundry Bible reveals that one in three Brits clean every day and only 10 per cent do household chores once a month.
And when are we most likely to clean? Monday is the most popular weekday to clean around the home, and Brits are most likely to clean during the day at the weekend, their research finds.
But being a domestic god or goddess doesn't just benefit your home – it's good for your body, too. Nearly nine in 10 of us work up a sweat whilst completing domestic duties. Take a look at the most calorie-consuming tasks below:
Ironing: 90 calories per hour
Changing bed sheets: 114 calories per hour
Doing the dishes: 95 calories per hour
Deep cleaning the bathroom: 145 calories per hour
Hoovering: 153 calories per hour
Mopping: 168 calories per hour
So the next time you're cleaning, just think about all the calories you're burning!
All images © Getty
You Might Also Like | <urn:uuid:6e573a75-c5b1-4050-af29-f336d692e1c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.yahoo.com/many-calories-burn-cleaning-house-142507701.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.914327 | 242 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Australia’s population will be one million less in 2022 than expected pre-pandemic. But hidden behind this statistic is a huge opportunity to create more vibrant CBDs and better quality buildings, says demographer Simon Kuestenmacher.
The phrase ‘demography is destiny’, attributed to French sociologist and philosopher Auguste Comte, is as relevant to real estate today as it was in the nineteenth century.
COVID-19 is changing the demographics of our nation. A clear consequence of closed international borders is one million fewer Australians by the end of 2022 than previously forecast. For the first time in more than a century, Australia’s population has declined.
“Every aspect of business in Australia rises and falls with the number of people,” Kuestenmacher says. A rising star in the field of data management and insight, Kuestenmacher is co-founder of Melbourne-based The Demographics Group. He is heading to Hobart in October to speak at The Property Congress.
Demography – the study of events that shape the structure of human populations, such as births, age, deaths, fertility rates and income – is something of a crystal ball that can help us predict the future.
“Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Australia was adding up to 400,000 extra people to our population every year. We needed housing and we needed it fast,” Kuestenmacher explains.
Melbourne added one million residents between 2007 and 2017, followed by Sydney (806,000), Brisbane (449,000) and Perth (415,000). When time is of the essence there are two “tried and tested” housing delivery methods: large residential towers near job centres in the inner city and large greenfield projects near the urban fringe.
“Then COVID hits and, all of a sudden, instead of plus 200,000 or 300,000 net new migrants we have minus 100,000 – that’s a big change.”
Millennials and the monumental opportunity
The implications start with demand for dwellings, but the impact is uneven. The “overwhelming” majority of our migrants are young – either international students or skilled migrants in their 20s and 30s – who make the move to Australia before they start a family.
“These migrants don’t need three- or four-bedroom houses. They are looking for apartments close to their work or study. Take away these migrants and demand for one- and two-bedroom apartments just evaporates.”
The consequences are playing out around the country but are stark in Melbourne where an estimated 4,000 apartments are for sale or vacant in the city centre. Median values of units in inner-Melbourne fell by an average of $33,313 between the onset of the coronavirus pandemic and January 2021. Rents have also fallen, with yields declining from 6.3 per cent pre-COVID-19 to four per cent in December 2020.
“The residential sector will have to reinvent itself – and one of the most obvious things to rethink is who lives in apartments,” Kuestenmacher says.
Enter a monumental opportunity in the shape of the Millennial generation. Millennials or Gen Ys, born from 1982 to 1999, are now “the biggest generation by a million people”. A generation of “procrastinators”, Millennials have started families later in life, but this cohort of inner-city denizens is now on the hunt for their first home. “They need more bedrooms. They want Zoom rooms. But after 15 years of living in the city, they aren’t prepared to move out to the suburbs.
“An easy way to re-enliven CBDs is to get more people to purchase a property there, and then they will stay for 20 years.”
Building a new business case
Kuestenmacher says the business case for larger apartments may not have stacked up previously, but the game has changed.
Larger apartments may be less lucrative, “but one-bedroom apartments won’t sell for at least the next couple of years, while there will be demand for three- and four-bedroom apartments”.
“In the past, developers have said they can’t sell three- and four-bedroom apartments in the centre of Sydney or Melbourne – and that may have been true. But that target market was Gen X – a rather small generation in size. With a small number of people looking and enough housing stock available, why bother moving into an experimental apartment?”
Millennials, on the other hand, have spent a far greater portion of their lives in the inner city than previous generations. “They might have been living in their community for 15 years and are reluctant to leave.
“If you look at housing preferences, everyone wants a big villa in the centre of the city with a swimming pool for $500,000. Of course, this is not available so there has to be compromises. One thing people won’t compromise on is the number of bedrooms.”
What about Baby Boomers? Can downsizers fill the gap? “Baby Boomers are still too young, too healthy and too agile to downsize at scale. That won’t happen until the 2030s. Then all those houses will be entering the market – but that is still a decade away,” Kuestenmacher says. “If I have to predict the next decade, I’d say the property industry has to innovate.” As the need for speed dissipates, a pivot towards larger apartments can deliver better quality buildings.
Kuestenmacher points to dense housing stock of medium height – up to four storeys – that has been delivered in Europe for centuries. “In Europe, the average life expectancy of a house is 120 years. In central Paris you’ll struggle to find anything newer than 150 years old. How many Australian houses built in the last decade will be around for a century?”
Don’t be afraid of the shift ahead, Kuestenmacher adds. “We will create more vital inner cities and better quality buildings.” | <urn:uuid:a3bc2dae-84a3-4730-bb0a-cd189c2a3dc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://propertyleaderssummit.propertycouncil.com.au/2021/11/04/demographics-for-a-new-decade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95273 | 1,306 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Speaker: SJ & Menaka Priyadharshini, Pixel Onion
In technical camps, most sessions cover topics which may be baffling for beginners who just pick up Drupal. It is more interesting to tinker with the cutting edge technology than sharing the basic Drupal development. But everyone starts his / her career as an inexperience developer, and there are definitely beginners and hobbyists among the participants.
This session will cover the speaker's journey towards mastery in Drupal specifically and web programming in general. He will also share the setup for local development environment.
- How to start easily with Drupal
- The one thing considered as taboo in Drupal development
- Two main security issues to watch out for when coding
- Resources for continuous learning
- Short demonstration of local development environment
Being passionate and proficient in technology in general, SJ has his mission in life to help others use technology to better everyone's life. For the past decade, he chooses Drupal as his tools of choice to bring about transformations in client organisations he works with. When not busy tinkering with Drupal or building the local Drupal community, he likes to spend quality time with his wife and kids to explore Singapore and the world, to build Gundam model kit, and to play board games.
Event Page: https://www.drupalcamp.sg/
Produced by Engineers.SG
Recorded by: Zion Ng
Help us caption & translate this video! | <urn:uuid:9c1796ac-9fe6-4a45-8a50-3d547c87901d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://engineers.sg/video/how-to-start-drupal-development-for-a-complete-beginner-drupalcampsg-2018--2991 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939581 | 292 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The BSRA was formed as the 'Club for Research on Ageing' by Professor Vladimir Korenchevsky (1880-1959) at some point prior to 1939 and as thus has a valid claim to be the world's oldest scientific society devoted to research into the biology of ageing.
Your donation, whatever its size, will help us to maintain the vitality and sustainability of this key area of research. As a result, we will see advances in knowledge of the underlying ageing process as well as all-important improvements in quality of later life.
As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps the nation and the world, it is clear that age and age-related diseases are major risk factors for severe COVID-19. An important goal is therefore to develop strategies that improve overall health during ageing and protect the immune system from age-related decline.
Our conference will bring together researchers from a wide range of disciplines working on basic molecular and cellular processes of nutrition, its impact in metabolism and interventions to improve age-related health.
12-14 September 2022
University of Kent, Canterbury
what is ageing?
Although ageing is not itself a disease, it carries with it with an increased risk of many life-threatening diseases and shares several biological mechanisms that are important in the development of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes and dementia. Thus, if ageing can be delayed it should also be possible to also delay the development of disease, increasing longevity and minimising poor health in old age.
what is our research
The BSRA is committed to funding, supporting and disseminating high quality research into the biology of ageing. Support is available for active researchers with substantive posts at any UK institution or research institutes which are interested in the biology of ageing and who would normally be eligible for membership of the BSRA.
Your donation will help us continue our work to understand the biology of ageing and to develop knowledge that can support healthier ageing for all. | <urn:uuid:c675f53b-7591-46df-8949-0b3ec4d54eb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bsra.org.uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962179 | 404 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The major, though not official, language of the United States is English. Census, more than 93% of Americans can speak English properly, and for eighty one% it’s the solely language spoken at residence.
Society (N )
Of these enrolled in obligatory schooling, 5.2 million (10.four p.c) were attending personal faculties. Among the country’s adult inhabitants, over eighty five percent have completed highschool and 27 % have obtained a bachelor’s diploma or greater. Apart from professional enterprise apparel, clothes within the United States is eclectic and predominantly casual.
Nearly 30 million native audio system of Spanish also reside in the US. There are more than 300 languages besides English which can claim native audio system in the United States—a few of which are spoken by the indigenous peoples and others which were imported by immigrants. In the yr 2000, there were 76.6 million students enrolled in faculties from kindergarten via graduate faculties. Of these, 72 p.c aged 12 to 17 had been judged academically “on observe” for his or her age . | <urn:uuid:c47af045-a17b-46c9-9221-e61b0b22558e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.byvirtueofharunyahya.com/society-urdu-meaning-with-4-definitions-and-sentence.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.980698 | 224 | 2.921875 | 3 |
There are many dog breeds that you can choose from when you want to get a dog. However, when you want to get a dog that fits your lifestyle and what you want to do with it, there are few breeds that truly suit you. A great dog breed to get for a family with small kids is the Australian Terrier. It is a dog breed that has the personality to deal with many situations. They can perform the tasks that you want them to do and they are also very intelligent, they can always get the job done and they have no problem doing it.
If you have a little kid, it is possible that your kid may want to take a bath with your dog; then again, you may want to avoid it so that you can have control of your dog. But if you think about it, if you’re going to bathe with your dog, your dog is really not the type to hold back. It is more likely to bathe you or your kids with no problem.
You can also get Australian Terriers as pets for your kids. They can do the tasks that you need them to do, but they are also very good with your kids. It is a fun-loving dog that makes them a good pet.
A dog that is not really the dog for kids is a Siberian Husky. They are solid dogs that are likely to do what you command them to do. Your kids will love to have one, but if you have small kids, it may not be the best idea to have this breed of dog with small kids. If you want to keep your dog safe, then you should make sure that you do everything possible. For instance, when you want to wash your dog, you should make sure you do it inside a bathroom.
So, if you want to get a dog for your family or if you want to take a dog to be part of your family, then you should make sure that you choose wisely. Remember that you should really think about what type of breed you want and then make sure you do everything you can to keep your dog safe. | <urn:uuid:32b49d7d-c0cf-4c67-a8fb-4ec56b012e99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://puredog.net/the-best-breed-of-dog-for-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.987009 | 427 | 1.554688 | 2 |
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