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in preparation for filming the Ang Lee directed version of Sense and Sensibility in 1995, the film’s cast had a letter-writing competition to see who could capture the spirit of Jane Austen’s characters best. Imogen Stubbs, who plays Lucy Steele, won the competition with a wonderfully simpering and satirical take on her character. A letter-writing contest seems a particularly good way to “get into” a character’s inner thoughts, particularly in the case of Lucy, because in the novel the content of her letter to her jilted ex-fiancé Edward Ferrars is so exemplary of all the faults we have come to see in her. The novel provides us with the text of Lucy’s letter to Edward so that we can laugh with Elinor and Edward at Lucy’s insincerity and so that we can acknowledge her lack of consequence and education, revealed through the words on the page.
In Austen’s novels, letters often serve this comic function of exposing the absurdities of the flawed men and women who send them—Mr. Collins’s proposal letter is perhaps the best comic example; Lydia Bennet’s letter announcing her ill-fated plan to elope with Mr. Wickham is perhaps the most shocking. Letters also provide confessional spaces for her novels’ male characters: Austen gives Mr. Darcy, Frank Churchill, and Frederick Wentworth, for example, ample space to explain their feelings and behavior. It seems surprising that, after Austen moves away from the epistolary form of “Lady Susan,” her completed novels rarely provide us with the texts of heroines’ letters. It seems doubly striking that such letters are absent, given the heroines’ social context, in which, as Deirdre Le Faye explains, “[l]etter-writing was an essential part of social life” (108). Although marriage plots are arguably always the focus of Austen’s novels, the heroines’ written expressions of feeling are rarely “safe” in the context of the marriage plot and they are almost always judged harshly by the narrative voices.
Thus, we begin this essay with some basic questions: Why are heroines’ letters, in particular, almost entirely left out of Austen’s novels? And, when heroines’ letters do appear, in what form do they appear and what functions do they serve within their respective novels? To answer these questions, we examine the texts of letters written by Marianne Dashwood in Sense and Sensibility and Fanny Price in Mansfield Park.1 Even a cursory glance at these novels reveals that these letters occur in highly charged emotional settings such that the heroines feel forced to provide their suitors with written expressions of their feelings. After comparing these letters to those that appear in eighteenth-century letter-writing manuals, we want to claim that the degree to which these expressions would have been thought to breach standards of decorum may be less significant than we had assumed.2 The comparison between the manuals and Austen’s novels reveals these texts’ shared assumption: although writing a letter in courtship might be a potentially harmful action for women, expressing feelings in a letter is clearly preferable to not expressing them at all.
I. Dramatic Courtship in the Letter-Writing Manual
Understanding the nature of the sample letters contained in the letter-writing manuals we analyze requires some familiarity with the format and function of these manuals, as well as an awareness of their immense popularity in the eighteenth century. In Austen’s day, these anonymous manuals often went into several editions, leading us to believe they would have been well-known by the early nineteenth-century reader. The Complete Letter-Writer, which we will use as our primary example, reached over 25 editions by 1800. Similar titles include The London Universal Letter-Writer, The British Letter-Writer, The Complete Art of Writing Letters, and The Young Secretary's Guide.3
The manuals share a generic form.4 The most common type of letter-writing manual, which we will focus on here, offers anonymously written model letters addressing a variety of “everyday” situations.5 These situations fall into discrete categories, such as business, family and friendship, courtship and marriage, and miscellaneous advice; these categories (with only the slightest of variations) are repeated and used as chapter headings by every manual we have examined. Each chapter contains a selection of ten to thirty model letters, and these letters follow standardized types and are often copied near-verbatim from manual to manual.6
In addition, each section of the manual presents a short series of letters, back-and-forth correspondences between two unnamed but clearly defined writers. Each series of letters responds to some crisis or event, such as an unwanted marriage proposal or an accusation of inconstancy, and the reader is thus encouraged to follow a brief, highly focused relationship centered on a dramatic issue. The letters thus begin to create both character and plot, taking a novelistic shape. As a result, it becomes difficult to tell if the letters are to be read as models of “real life” or as fictional epistolary plots. The letters seem to connect the real and the fictive, working to play up not proper courtship practices but the “real” nature of courtship experiences—the parental pressures, the unhappy alliances, and social judgments—which also form the core of many epistolary novels. In other words, the manuals appear to be more aligned with Austen’s fictional world than with some sort of prescriptive, pedagogical, model text.
Finally, the manuals are surprisingly self-aware, critiquing the use of letters in courtship—the very practice that they seem to be inscribing. The manuals’ criticism of courtship highlights problems of artifice, deception, insincerity, and indecision, thus resembling Austen’s plots; but their epistolary form highlights a crucial difference from Austen’s novels as a whole: the manuals have no narrator or mediating voice commenting on the letters. They comment on courtship practices from the inside, not the outside; they are written from the position of the courtship actor, not the courtship narrator. In this way, the manuals encourage interpretation by the reader, allowing the reader to judge the behavior, ideals, and emotions captured in each letter and decide what aspects of the letter the reader might apply to his or her own life.
II. Genuine Courtship and the Letter
In contrast to the absence of narrative voice in the manuals, Austen uses her narrative voice to carefully frame and cast judgment on the “included” letters her heroines write within courtship plots. In Sense and Sensibility Austen provides the complete texts of Marianne Dashwood’s passionate letters to her beloved Willoughby as if to create the impression that the reader has encountered them at the same time that Marianne’s sister Elinor has; our reading of the letters can’t help but be affected when the narrator quickly informs us that Elinor is distressed at their impropriety. Similarly, in Mansfield Park a flustered Fanny Price writes a hasty note ostensibly to Mary Crawford in the desperate hope of discouraging Mary’s brother Henry’s affections; but as she writes, Fanny knows that Henry will have full access to her letter. Immediately following the text of the letter, the narrator describes Fanny’s judgment that her letter is “excessively ill written” (308). And yet, in both cases the narrator’s judgments of the letters (in the perspectives of Elinor Dashwood and Fanny Price respectively) seem to have less affective power over the reader than do the texts of the emotionally charged letters themselves, particularly given each heroine’s quite disempowered position within the courtship plot.
Furthermore, Austen provides good reasons for readers to question the narrators’ summary judgments, reasons which our comparison of these letters to the letter-writing manuals’ sample letters helps us to elucidate. In addition to reading Marianne’s and Fanny’s letters within the context of Austen’s courtship plot, we want to place the included letters within in a broader cultural context of eighteenth-century models of letters.
In Epistolary Bodies, Elizabeth Heckendorn Cook emphasizes that, during the long eighteenth century, the letter was synonymous with female self-expression; she explores the epistolary genre’s identification “with women and with what are often seen as women’s concerns” and its perceived “valori[zation] of ‘authenticity’ and ‘sincerity’ in women’s writing, most frequently coded as the ostensibly natural expression of passionate emotion” (22). In her investigation of epistolary novels that feature women correspondents, April Alliston similarly investigates letter writing as a feminine act enabling subversive forms of sympathetic exchange which, ultimately, can critique patriarchal structures such as inheritance (94, 186). The letter’s space of female expression was by no means untroubled; as Cook explains, in the eighteenth century, “The letter as such carried two contradictory sets of connotations . . . On the one hand, it was considered the most direct, sincere, and transparent form of written communication,” but, on the other, “the letter was simultaneously recognized as the most playful and potentially deceptive of forms as a stage for rhetorical trickery” (16). The letter offers a unique opportunity for women’s affective self-expression, but carries with it the pressure to prove that expression genuine.
The two contradictory connotations attached to the letter form—affective truth and affective artifice—form an opposition that some eighteenth-century letter-writing manuals address. The Complete Letter-Writer suggests, “When you sit down to write a Letter, remember that this Sort of Writing should be like Conversation, thus they say, achieving the transmission of feelings that express ‘Nature without Affectation’” (32). The manual specifies even further that “Letter writing rejects all Pomp of Words, and is most agreeable when most familiar”; to avoid making the “stile” “low and mean,” the manual advises that writers “let an easy Complaisance, an open Sincerity, and unaffected Good-nature appear in all you say” (32). The preface to The Accomplished Letter-Writer, however, readily acknowledges the labor that might accompany such an appearance of ease. It instructs its readers, “The Qualities of the Epistolary Style, most frequently required, are Ease and Simplicity, an even Flow of unlaboured Diction, and an artless Arrangement of obvious Sentiments” (iii). But, “[T]he Pebble must be polished with Care, which hopes to be valued as a Diamond; and Words ought surely to be labored, when they are intended to stand for Things” (iv). Genuineness, or more precisely the appearance of genuineness, is thus a central goal of the letter, particularly when that letter is part of a courtship negotiation. Elizabeth Bennet’s futile efforts to reject Mr. Collins’s marriage proposal underline the difficulty women often had in having their expressions of feeling in courtship taken seriously.
Despite the prefaces’ calls for artless expressions of feelings in letters, we expected that the manuals’ sample courtship letters would reflect standards of propriety in form and content; we assumed the manuals’ letter would emphasize emotional reserve and, by contrast, show the affective self-expression in Austen heroines’ letters to be immodest and perhaps even improper. To our surprise, the manuals actually contain many examples of women’s letters that feature scenarios and types of female self-expression similar to those found in Austen’s novels. The sample letters from women—which make up over half of letters in the sections devoted to courtship—often appear to control aspects of courtship by inviting, manipulating, or rejecting courtship through their letters. The manuals’ sample letters suggest that the letter was seen as an appropriate space for genuine female self-expression within courtship. This rather surprising observation, in turn, suggests to us that Austen may use the included letter within her narrative to give her exceptional heroines’ affective expressions the stamp of genuineness in part by making them seem, rather than exceptional, utterly typical. Austen’s heroines’ letters, like the letter-writing manuals, propose that despite conventions of style, the letter form still provided a woman a unique position from which to assert a limited power over her fate in courtship.
Our observations about the letter-writing manuals’ form and content help us to reexamine Austen’s purpose in the rare instances where her novels include heroines’ letters. Their letters’ resemblance to the “pattern” letters of these manuals perhaps encouraged the eighteenth-century reader to sympathize with the heroine, recognizing in her writing familiar models that meant to express or at least emulate affective truth. And further, we suggest that in their very typicality the letters validate for readers the heroines’ affective self-presentation in ways that the more conservative narrative voice prohibits. We might thus question whether her heroines’ moments of self-expression are really as improper or as shocking to eighteenth-century readers as the novels’ respective narrators’ commentary would indicate. Instead, we suggest that these letters allow for necessary but temporary moments of affective self-expression that also function to protect the heroines from potential misinterpretations of their behavior by those who have been observing and trying to interpret it in the absence of verbal confirmations. Marianne’s and Fanny’s letters allow them to perform acts of affective solicitation, manipulation, and refusal in courtship that can be read as attempts to assert the value of affective truth over both propriety and disingenuousness.
III. Affective Solicitation in Sense and Sensibility and The Complete Letter-Writer
Like the manuals’ sample letters, the letters of Austen’s heroines allow for temporary access to her heroine’s thoughts, if only to allow the reader to see and sympathize with her genuine feelings about her position in courtship, feelings that might conflict however briefly with the judgment of that self-expression provided by the narrator. Both Marianne and Fanny use the letter as a way to control courtship, although their letters seem at first glance to position them as powerless.7 When they turn to letters, both are in desperate positions in the courtship process and both are forced to express their feelings in writing as an effort to control their fate: Marianne asserts her feelings to solicit a similar expression from her suitor Willoughby; by contrast, Fanny expresses her feelings to rebuff the suit of her would-be seducer (and/or suitor), Henry Crawford, and his accomplice, his sister Mary. Though the amount of power afforded to the letter is necessarily limited, the letter does provide a space for self-expression and courtship manipulation that may not be replicated elsewhere in Austen’s world.
Marianne writes three letters to Willoughby after he suddenly leaves Barton Cottage, apparently ending their brief but intense relationship and subsequently failing to contact her on her arrival in London. Eve Sedgwick has challenged the critics’ tendency to interpret Marianne’s dire cases of fever as punishment for breaching acceptable conduct in her behavior with Willoughby—the letters being the most tangible evidence of that breach of conduct. Resisting this punitive critical impulse Sedgwick chooses instead to read Marianne’s illness in conjunction with eighteenth-century medical tracts’ descriptions of autoeroticism and hysteria in women (125). Heeding Sedgwick, we explore Marianne’s letter-writing not as a shocking act that Austen felt she needed to punish, but as a typical behavior by an exceptional young woman attempting to exert the only means of power in courtship at her disposal.
The three letters Marianne writes to Willoughby feature a dynamic of affective solicitation. Her first letter initiates contact, showing her expectation of a favorable response; her second letter continues to show her expectation that courtship will proceed as she has envisioned it: “I cannot express my disappointment in having missed you the day before yesterday, nor my astonishment at not having received any answer to a note which I sent you above a week ago” (187). Her last letter “demands an explanation” for his disengagement, that she is “prepared to meet him,” and that she wants to recreate past “pleasure,” “familiarity,” and “intimacy,” though she has “passed a wretched night in endeavoring to excuse a conduct which can scarcely be called less than insulting” (187). Marianne broadens her definition of the terms of courtship to include her family, explaining that she fears Willoughby’s “regard for us all was insincere, that your behaviour to me was intended only to deceive” (188). What might appear to be hyperbole in her expressions of dismay actually serves a function other than making Marianne seem hysterical; Willoughby’s deception is thrown into relief by the genuine depth of feeling shown in Marianne’s letters.
Immediately after the letter, the narrator provides Elinor’s judgment: “That such letters, so full of affection and confidence, could have been so answered, Elinor, for Willoughby’s sake, would have been unwilling to believe. But her condemnation of him did not blind her to the impropriety of their having been written at all; and she was silently grieving over the imprudence which had hazarded such unsolicited proofs of tenderness” (188). Elinor’s critical thoughts are interrupted, however, by Marianne’s countering rationale “that they contained nothing but what any one would have written in the same situation” (188). Marianne’s claim is well worth examining in the context of eighteenth-century letter writing and letter-writing manuals. She argues that her behavior is typical of any one else’s, thus de-emphasizing her gender; she also makes her act of writing and her words seem typical, thus challenging her sister’s sense of the letters as an exceptional breach of conduct: they are in Marianne’s eyes and perhaps the readers’ “nothing” exceptional.
The manuals would appear to affirm Marianne’s defense of her letters—such attempts at affective solicitation were not so shocking or unusual, if the content of letter-writing manuals can be taken as any indication of the type of letter a woman could write, or even imagine writing, in courtship situations. In The Complete Letter-Writer, a series of letters constructs a scenario of affective solicitation very similar to that of Marianne in Sense and Sensibility, allowing a comparison of the manual to the novel. In The Complete Letter-Writer’s section on “Courtship and Marriage,” letters 33 and 34 feature an unnamed lady who declares her “passion” for an unnamed gentleman; when this passion is unreturned and even mocked, she critiques the gentleman, his use of the courtship letter, and the larger societal norms that deny women control over courtship. In her first letter, she won’t reveal her identity but suggests a private meeting. At the end of this letter, she, like Marianne, counters the suggestion that this solicitation is exceptional, arguing, “I doubt you will think such a declaration as this, from a Woman ridiculous; but you will consider, ‘tis Custom, not Nature, that makes it so” (124). She claims to be doing what any woman would naturally do. In letter 34, she writes that she has learned that her desired suitor has mocked her letter and passed it around to friends, putting her solicitation into circulation; “custom” has made her solicitation worthy of censure. In response, the female letter-writer forcefully takes control of this courtship gone awry; she attacks the gentleman, using very forward language: not only is he “unworthy of a Woman’s Love,” but he displays a “Want of Generosity,” “Cruelty of Mind,” “Vanity of Temper,” “incurable Defect of Understanding,” and “Emptiness and Deformity within”; in sum, he is a “Coxcomb” (124-25). The female letter-writer does admit to her own “imprudent” behavior and “weakness,” but she thanks the gentleman for his ill usage, as it forces her to learn from her own mistake.
By allowing their affections to take the concrete form of a letter that can be refused or cruelly used by a lover, both Marianne and this letter-writer make themselves vulnerable to mistreatment. Both women seem at first to be modeling improper female behavior: in both cases, the letter writer suffers public exposure for expressing her feelings. But, in both cases there is a strong sense of the woman’s justification in writing. Elinor performs the important function of confirming the genuineness of Marianne’s feelings by contrasting them to Willoughby’s; even as Elinor stresses that her sister’s feelings took a precarious form, she proves their depth. The manual’s letter-writer goes so far as to encourage the gentleman to show this rebuking letter to his friends—to put this new letter into circulation, too—because she is sure that his behavior will appear worse than her own. Like Marianne, she is less afraid of public circulation than of not genuinely expressing her feelings. And, although each woman learns a lesson, neither apologizes for her behavior and neither cedes control of the courtship process to the man.
Familiarity with The Complete Letter-Writer’s sample letters suggests that the scene in Sense and Sensibility is not as unequivocally critical of Marianne’s behavior as Austen critics have assumed. Both the manual’s letter-writer and Marianne appear to be punished for stepping out of their gendered courtship role and attempting to control courtship practice. But the manual’s letter-writer sees her error, remedies her actions, and proves more admirable than the man who abuses her. Although it takes Marianne a bit longer than one letter to effect this change, she, too, learns from her errors and proves more admirable than Willoughby, largely because of her belief that courtship can and should be based on genuine expressions of feeling. As the scenes depicting John Dashwood’s gradual abandonment of his promise to look out for the financial welfare of half sisters and step mother indicate, a lack of genuine human feeling is more threatening to society than the expression of genuine feeling. Both the novel and the manual may feature a letter writer who suffers humiliation, but both texts are also engaged in a larger critique of the customs of courtship. Society and its courtship rituals are threatened more by men who use courtship for selfish social advancement than by these female letter writers. Both the manual and the novel re-inscribe the courtship customs they critique—both Marianne and the letter-writer must articulate and circulate feelings to prove them genuine—but the implied critique rests more heavily on the men who abuse those customs than on the women who use the letter to create a space of genuine expression within them.
IV: Affective Refusal in Mansfield Park and The Complete Letter-Writer
While Marianne’s letters are written in desperation to solicit an affective response from a suitor, Fanny Price’s letter, though written in equally desperate straits, responds to a different set of courtship pressures. Mary Crawford has written to Fanny in a clear effort to manipulate her into an engagement (or at least a liaison) with Mary’s brother, Henry Crawford; Mary’s letter assumes Fanny’s acceptance of Henry and proclaims that she is “sending [Fanny] a few lines of general congratulation , and giving my most joyful consent and approval” (303). Fanny wants to reject this courtship proposal, but she is uncertain how to express that impulse in a letter. Fanny needs to respond in a way that is genuine; despite the fact that she does as much acting as anyone in the novel, Fanny cannot be seen to “act” in a letter, and her voice, captured in writing, must ring true to readers—both Fanny’s and Austen’s. Fanny also must not reveal herself or her friends to be disingenuous, even though she’s writing in response to the deceitful manipulations of Henry and Mary. Producing such a letter—one that contains an honest refusal of Henry’s suit, but does not accuse her friends of manipulation—is a source of anxiety for Fanny. Before providing the text of her letter, Austen explains that her heroine is “unpractised in such sort of note-writing, had there been time for scruples and fears as to style, she would have felt them” (307). And following the text of the letter, the narrator provides Fanny’s judgment that her note “would disgrace a child, for her distress allowed no arrangement” (308).
Fanny’s letter emphasizes her rejection of—and equation of—courtship and the letter conveying courtship. After a sentence thanking Mary for sending congratulations on her brother William, Fanny’s complete response reads:
The rest of your note I know means nothing; but I am so unequal to any thing of the sort that I hope you will excuse my begging you to take no further notice. I have seen too much of Mr. Crawford not to understand his manners; if he understood me as well, he would, I dare say, behave differently. I do not know what I write, but it would be a great favour of you never to mention the subject again. With thanks for the honour of your note.
I remain, dear Miss Crawford, &c. &c. (307)
Fanny disengages from courtship by refusing the terms laid out in Mary’s letter. Instead of accusing Mary of being disingenuous, Fanny claims to be incapable of registering the meaning of the parts of Mary’s letter dealing with Henry’s suit. Austen seems to want us to believe Fanny when she claims these parts “mean nothing” to her; unlike Mary, Fanny is “unequal” to recognizing deception and manipulation, and thus Austen and Fanny can claim that Fanny genuinely “does not know what [she] write[s]” in reply to such a letter as Mary’s (307). She does not attribute the fault for her incomprehension to Mary, nor is any fault laid at Fanny’s own feet—she simply cannot register courtship terms that “mean nothing” and she cannot respond to the letter in any other way than by rejecting Mary’s meaning.
Whereas Marianne labeled her own writing “nothing but what anyone else would have written” because she saw it as an unexceptional expression of affective truth, Fanny labels Mary’s letter “nothing” because it represents a disingenuous expression of feeling. In both cases, the heroine attempts to dictate the ways that letters and the courtship issues they convey should be interpreted. Fanny emphasizes that she reads and judges Henry’s behavior—he should “behave differently”—as a more meaningful sign of courtship than the letter from Mary. Although she has disengaged from reading Mary’s letter, her own letter makes sure to convey a strong message of rejection: the note—and by extension Henry’s suit—“mean nothing.” Fanny’s ability to negotiate the courtship in such a deft and careful way is especially striking given the exceptionally precarious position that Austen has placed her in. Her uncle and her beloved cousin Edmund desire her to accept Henry’s proposal, and her lower middle-class family in Portsmouth stand to benefit from her marriage as well.
Mansfield Park’s emphasis on the woman as an active reader, who can disengage from and reject the terms of courtship offered her in the name of affective truth, also appears in letters collected in The Complete Letter-Writer’s courtship section. In letters 24 through 27, a gentleman declares his passion to a lady, claiming to reject what he calls the “tedious forms of courtship,” stressing the sincerity of his passion and providing as evidence of his claim the fact that he acts like a fool when he’s with her. He distinguishes his letter from the “fashionable letter” of the disingenuous suitor who might appear to “lov[e] up to the greatest Hero of Romance” (114). The suitor critiques courtship forms as unnatural and disingenuous, but uses that claim as an excuse to engage in a secret courtship; the recipient of this letter must, like Fanny, label a claim to truth as deceit and replace it with affective truth.
Both Fanny and this letter writer critique their suitors’ methods of courtship. By contrasting the letters, we can see just how strong Fanny’s disengagement from courtship is. In the manual’s Letter 25, the lady recipient replies coolly. Although, like the gentleman, she values sincere expression over fashionable courtship language, like Fanny, she claims not to “know” whether his letter is in “jest or earnest” (114). Like Fanny, she claims not to have registered the courtship gestures that he has made, claiming “your present [efforts to court me] make no great Impression” (114). When the gentleman persists in claiming the genuineness of his feelings in contrast to popular courtship practices, the lady forces him to follow traditional courtship practice, requesting that he no longer write her, but correspond instead with the person who has management of her affairs. “I do nothing in Matters of Consequence without him,” she claims (115). In order for the matter to be “of Consequence,” the gentleman must follow her orders. The letter-writer rejects her suitor’s secretive courtship by forcing him to return to an open courtship practice.
Like Fanny, the manual’s letter-writer uses affective refusal as a strategy of control. She does not want courtship to follow an informal process; she wants a formal, serious procedure that allows her to read her suitor’s behavior clearly. This writer is decidedly more confident than Fanny in her rejection; she can turn to a formal courtship process for bolstering. Fanny is empowered in her rejection of Henry, but she doesn’t have recourse to a formal courtship process due to her guardian’s encouragement of Henry’s suit and her own lack of social consequence in the family. Fanny does rise in consequence in the novel—moving from the periphery of the family and Mansfield Park to its center—but the letter scene occurs at a moment of crisis, just prior to Fanny’s being sent back to Portsmouth in retribution for refusing Henry’s suit.8 Austen uses the letter scene and Fanny’s evasive language to highlight the trap in which Fanny is placed in the marriage plot.
With no one else to fall back on, Fanny must write for herself, an ironic situation given her own claims that she “prepared her materials [to write] without knowing what in the world to say!” (307). The performance of Fanny’s letter is two fold. Like Marianne’s letters, it provides a genuine expression of feeling—here, Fanny’s desire for disengagement—while exposing the suitor’s lack of “understanding” and good “behave[ior].” In addition, like Marianne’s letters, Fanny’s letter provides a larger critique of women’s position in courtship. Fanny’s letter and the manual’s letters show that a limited form of empowerment is available to women in the letter form: both letter-writers disengage from courtship by rejecting the terms offered to them. Thus, both provide a larger critique of women’s limited roles in courtship.
V: Affective Truth as Empowerment in Courtship
From the letter-writing manuals we learn that female self-expression in writing is potentially an empowering activity that women may practice, particularly when disempowered by courtship ritual. Austen and the letter-writing manual editors bank on readers’ valuing emotional genuineness over proper conduct. Thus, exceptional behavior by female characters is most sympathetic to readers when it is exemplary of what may well have been considered typical responses to the restraints of courtship ritual: affective solicitation and refusal. Both Marianne’s and Fanny’s examples stress the heroine’s social disempowerment; both Marianne and Fanny choose to write for themselves because they have to do so if they are to extract themselves from painful and constraining courtship situations. The consequences of putting their words and feelings into circulation are registered in both cases. But the consequences of not writing seem potentially even worse. Heroines in desperate straits have to act, but only in ways that reinforce the genuineness and purity of their feelings.
In Austen’s novels, as in many of the scenarios invented or represented in The Complete Letter-Writer, letters force the female writer to confront and adapt both social and narrative convention as she attempts to narrate her own emotions in a genuine and productive way. Austen allows us access to her heroines’ affective interiors precisely because they struggle with the letter form, understanding its conventions even as they breach them, to varying degrees, in an effort to control courtship. When letters allow heroines to breach social convention in the interest of genuine affective self-presentation, readers are pushed furthest to empathize with that errant female character.
1. We chose not to examine Elizabeth Bennet’s celebratory letter to her Aunt Gardiner at the end of Pride and Prejudice because Elizabeth’s marriage plot has effectively reached a happy conclusion and thus her communication is essentially “safe.”
2. Our analysis of these letters suggests that they are notable exceptions to Austen’s typical language, as described by Tony Tanner: “If she avoids over-direct expression, excessive and potentially distracting particularity, striking metaphors, too markedly arresting peculiarity and idiosyncrasy of individuation, and tends always towards the conceptual, the general, the communal, the sense and values which should be held ‘in common’, this is because she is constantly enacting and re-creating a requisite decorum and propriety in her language” (37). These letters are quite direct, particular, and idiosyncratic. Though Tanner sees such moments of direct expression as exceptional because of how rare they are, our comparison to the letter writing manuals suggests that Austen may have wanted readers to see her heroines’ written expressions of feeling as typical responses to courtship difficulties.
3. It is often difficult to determine the exact edition dates of letter-writing manuals, as they are reprinted with little or no textual variation but with slightly different titles, in different locations. The Complete Letter-Writer, Containing Familiar Letters, is also titled The Complete Letter-Writer, or Polite English Secretary, Containing Familiar Letters; we cite from the 15th edition, published in London in 1775. The London Universal Letter-Writer is published in a “new edition” in 1803; to illustrate the overlapping names of these manuals, The New Universal Letter-Writer is published in a second edition in Philadelphia in 1804 and The New and Complete Universal Letter-Writer authored by Thomas Cooke is published in New York in 1809. The British Letter-Writer is published in London in 1765. The Complete Art of Writing Letters is often listed as authored by Charles Johnson; it reaches a 6th London edition in 1774. The Young Secretary's Guide provides an example of a manual focusing primarily on business letters; its various editions are by John Hill or T. Goodman; it reaches a 24th edition in 1750.
4. Markman Ellis provides an almost identical analysis of the late eighteenth-century letter-writing manual form. He describes the general shift in the form of the manual from consisting primarily of advice for clerks and secretaries in the early eighteenth century to taking on more of the aspect of a conduct manual in the latter half of the century. See Ellis, “Ignatio Sancho’s Letters: Sentimental Liberalism and the Politics of Form” (205).
5. A second type of letter-writing manual reprints classical models of letters, including those of Cicero, and letters written by well-known eighteenth-century authors, including Johnson, Pope, and Montague. Two such collections include: Elegant Epistles (London, 1794) and Epistles, Elegant, Familiar & Instructive (London, 1791). The letter-writing manuals that are subject-centered, rather than author-centered, provide a clearer comparison to Austen’s commentary on courtship.
6. E.g., the courtship sections of these manuals (no matter its title) often contains the same letter from a suitor to a father seeking permission to court his daughter, the same letter from an aunt giving advice to a coquettish niece, and the same letter from a sailor to his beloved.
7. Even Austen’s own letters seem to produce differing critical interpretations of her power to manipulate others through letters. E.g., in her section on Austen’s letters for the Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen, Carol Houlihan Flynn argues that Austen’s strategic reserve in letters was a way of deflecting notice from her letters. Roger Sales, in his discussion of various critics’ interpretations of Austen’s own surprisingly sharp tone in letters, seems to read the power Austen exerted through letters, in particular in those that contain the notorious examples of her acerbic, even hostile temper, as a way to alternate between keeping and then losing “countenance.” He cites Marilyn Butler’s claim that Austen’s letters were not written to please others but to . . . challenge and, in her private mental universe, to master them.” As Sales points out, ironically her letters turned out to be the way she was most vulnerable to the critique of her family. See “The Letters,” in Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Ed. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. New York: Cambridge UP, 1997. 100-114; also, Sales, Jane Austen and Representation in Regency England.
8. See Duckworth’s argument, “As the novel progresses, Fanny moves closer to the center of the house, her inward journey marking her rising worth” (75). Also see Gardiner 160-62.; Wallace 72-74.
Anon. The British Letter-Writer. London, 1765.
_____. The Complete Letter-Writer, or Polite English Secretary, Containing Familiar Letters. London, 1775.
_____. Elegant Epistles. London, 1794.
_____. Epistles, Elegant, Familiar & Instructive. London, 1791.
_____. The London Universal Letter-Writer. London, 1803.
_____. The New Universal Letter-Writer. Philadelphia, 1804.
Austen, Jane. The Novels of Jane Austen, 3rd ed. Ed. R.W. Chapman. Oxford: OUP, 1986.
Cooke, Thomas. The New and Complete Universal Letter-Writer. New York, 1809.
Hill, John. The Young Secretary's Guide. London, 1750.
Johnson, Charles. The Complete Art of Writing Letters. London, 1774.
Alliston, April. Virtue’s Faults: Correspondences in Eighteenth-Century British and French Women’s Fiction. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1996.
Cook, Elizabeth Heckendorn. Epistolary Bodies: Genre and Gender in the Eighteenth-Century Republic of Letters. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1996.
Duckworth, Alistair M. The Improvement of the Estate:A Study of Jane Austen’s Novels. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1971.
Ellis, Markman. “Ignatio Sancho’s Letters: Sentimental Liberalism and the Politics of Form,” in Genius in Bondage: Literature of the Early Black Atlantic. Lexington: U Kentucky P, 2001.
Flynn, Carol Houlihan. “The Letters,” in Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Ed. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. New York: Cambridge UP, 1997.
Gardiner, Ellen. “Privacy, Privilege, and ‘Poaching’ in Mansfield Park,” in Jane Austen and Discourses of Feminism. Ed. Devoney Looser. NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Le Faye, Deirdre. Jane Austen: The World of Her Novels. NY: Abrams, 2002.
Sales, Roger. Jane Austen and Representation in Regency England. NY: Routledge, 1996.
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. “Jane Austen and the Masturbating Girl” in Tendencies. Durham: Duke UP, 1993.
Tanner, Tony. Jane Austen. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1986.
Wallace, Tara Ghoshal, Jane Austen and Narrative Authority. NY: St. Martin’s Press, 1995. | <urn:uuid:b959d246-b4ed-42b3-8fbc-f7d1df9d8760> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jasna.org/persuasions/on-line/vol26no1/penner_nixon.htm? | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94526 | 8,953 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Hip flexors also known as psoas are important muscles in a human body. Though less known, hip flexors are the muscles that make it possible for you to walk, stand, run, and jump freely. Sitting for long hours tighten and shorten these muscles which in some instances can lead to back pain and itchiness while you are trying to stand. If you have just discovered that your hip flexors are tight and short, trying to strengthen them using the unlock your hip flexors program is recommended. You can visit https://daily-achiever.com/unlock-your-hip-flexors-review/ to read more information about this program.
When you sit up for long hours, the hip flexors lose their flexibility. When you spend many hours sitting, the hip flexors will tighten and shorten. Not doing the necessary exercises to strengthen those muscles will cause an imbalance between your back and abdominal muscles which will end up causing back pain. The good news is that if you use the exercising guides offered by unlock your hip flexors, your muscles will be strengthened and your stomach flattened.
Realize a Better Posture
When you exercise your muscles, your lower and upper muscles will be balanced. One of the signs of tight muscles is the inability to maintain a straight posture while standing or walking. If you discover that you are leaning forward every time you are walking or standing, you should know right away that your hip flexors aren’t straight. By taking part in the exercises ideal for strengthening these muscles, you will end up realizing a better posture.
Boost Blood Circulation
When your hip flexors are tight, blood flow in the lower part of the body is restrained. Restraining blood flow to lower body part usually risks chances of you suffering from heart disease, weight gain, as well as stroke. When you get the tight muscles strengthened using the right exercises, your blood flow will be improved. You won’t have to worry about such health issues.
You can browse the internet to read review and articles about this awesome hip flexors strengthening program. There is so much you are going to learn about the usefulness and reliability of this powerful program. https://daily-achiever.com/unlock-your-hip-flexors-review/ is one of the best places you can head to learn more about different health and fitness programs that are tested and proven to work. Before you decide to use any program for strengthening hip flexors, it is important to know if you have the kind of problem such a program claims to solve. Always take your time to familiarize with every program before you decide to pay for it otherwise you will end up buying a program that will not add value to your health and fitness goals. | <urn:uuid:8e12edda-6600-4d77-ab98-b1ec4d8350a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://weight-loss-help.com/health-care/benefits-of-strengthening-your-hip-flexors-by-aid-of-unlock-your-hip-flexors-program.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93777 | 566 | 2.375 | 2 |
The Queen and the Orphan
A Children's Musical
Book, Lyrics, and Music by Sarah Hirsch
8 M, 7 W, flexible ensemble
Published by Heuer Publishing Company
The plot revolves around haughty Queen Lucy, who is constantly enraged that no one treats her like royalty. When her father, King Frederick, leaves on a mysterious business trip and puts Lucy in charge of the palace, she finds herself powerless to control her staff. One of her new servants refuses even to divulge her name, while the rest of the cooks and maids go on strike. Away from the palace, an elderly man named Roberto continues his 30-year search for his missing daughter. Both plots involve Devin (a.k.a. Melvin Nickel), a palace butler who cannot decide whether to escape the palace (and his twin brother Brad) with his beloved Priscilla. While in the city for a meeting with Priscilla, Devin is recruited to join Roberto’s search team. King Frederick’s return to the palace sets in motion a wild chain of events forcing Devin and Lucy, along with various other characters, to confront questions of both personal and social identity. | <urn:uuid:2c999cfa-9168-4a9d-a4db-93e13462ae49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sarahahirsch.com/the-queen-and-the-orphan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95232 | 245 | 2.25 | 2 |
High-resolution LiDAR is critical to navigate autonomous cars and provide vehicle safety. Velodyne expressed its expectation that the VLS-128 will become the new standard for fully autonomous cars and cars equipped with advanced safety features because of the quantity of data it produces in real time at top speed.
A LiDAR sensor such as the one Velodyne introduced provides real-time 3D images all around the vehicle, far into the distance, producing billions of data points eagerly understood and consumed by a computer. LiDAR systems are said to be more reliable, based on measurements, and therefore more accurate than a camera based safety system.
Velodyne LiDAR, Inc. founder and CEO David Hall invented the 360-degree solid-state hybrid LiDAR ten years ago to use and sell in the Darpa Grand Challenge. He designed and sold the HDL-64 LiDAR, which since then became the gold standard LiDAR for the autonomous car industry. However, the system is said to be rather expensive. “Such as sensor costs almost as much as a small compact car alone”, an insider disclosed to eeNews Europe. For this reason, many companies across the industry are working on compact solid-state LiDAR sensors that do not require moveable parts and therefore can be produced and sold much cheaper.
In past September 2017, Velodyne offered sneak previews of the VLS-128 dense picture to select customers attending the IAA Auto Show in Frankfurt, Germany. An upgrade to the HDL-64, the VLS-128 offers a richer image with four times the data points and density than the HDL-64. This will enhance the ability for object detection and collision avoidance while traveling highways speeds, by gathering of billions more data points traveling in real time.
Size matters: The VLS-128 is a 70 percent size reduction from the HDL-64, with double the range and four times the resolution. It is the highest performing LiDAR sensor on the market in terms of its ability to deal with a complex environment, Velodyne claims. Due to its 905nm technology, it operates in dry climates and wet environments, and is based on mass-produced CMOS semiconductor technologies. It is produced today at Velodyne’s Megafactory in San Jose using a proprietary fully automatic laser alignment and manufacturing system. Future models will also be produced as part of Velodyne’s Tier-1 Automotive Program.
Cost matters. President Marta Hall adds, “We are getting the cost down. It is already dramatically reduced, and more so when ordered at higher volumes. Into the future, LiDAR will be affordable and put on cars worldwide for safety and autonomy.”
For more information, visit https://www.velodynelidar.com. | <urn:uuid:a5948e1d-93ed-4608-955d-6eef0268d99a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smart2zero.com/en/hi-resolution-lidar-gets-compact-and-affordable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950308 | 586 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Full TitleA Phase 1/2 Study of GRT-C903/GRT-R904, a Vaccine Targeting Shared Neoantigens, in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
The purpose of this study is to determine if a two-part vaccination is safe and effective for treating metastatic cancer when combined with nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. The vaccination is made up of two parts: an initial dose of GRT-C903 followed by monthly injections of GRT-R904. The study will evaluate different doses of GRT-R904 combined with GRT-C903, nivolumab, and ipilimumab to find the most effective dose that can be given safely.
The vaccination is designed to target tumors with certain genetic mutations, which helps the immune system recognize and attack the cancer cells more effectively. The researchers think that after the immune cells have been “trained” by the vaccination to recognize cancer cells, they will “remember” and continue to target these cells. Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immunotherapy drugs; they boost the immune system’s ability to fight cancer.
The vaccination is given as injections into the muscle and nivolumab is given intravenously (by vein). Ipilimumab will be given as a subcutaneous (under the skin) injection.
To be eligible for this study, patients must meet several criteria, including but not limited to the following:
- Patients must have a solid tumor that has metastasized and contains certain mutations in one of these gene families: BRAF, CTNNB1, ERBB2, KRAS, and TP53.
- Patients should recover from the serious side effects of prior therapies before entering the study.
- Patients must be physically well enough that they are fully ambulatory, capable of all self-care, and capable of all but physically strenuous activities. As an example, patients must be well enough that they would be able to carry out office work or light housework.
- This study is for patients age 18 and older.
For more information and to inquire about eligibility for this study, please contact Dr. Chrisann Kyi at 646-888-4221. | <urn:uuid:aff53283-6c82-4e80-8145-29743707416f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/clinical-trials/19-420 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93318 | 492 | 2.375 | 2 |
Everyone is born with the ability to astral project. Most people are not even aware that they are traveling. What you want to learn is to astral project consciously you want to control where you send your astral body and remember what it does.
We will assume right now that you know what the astral body is and what the astral plane is. The purpose here is to offer a few different ways to learn how to astral project. Astral projection is a personal experience, so it is important that you figure out which techniques will work best for you.
This first method is easy for most people, and you do it just as you are getting ready to fall asleep. It is a very simple five step technique.
*The first thing you want to do is get completely relaxed. You can’t astral project unless you achieve a deep level of relaxation. Lie down in bed, and begin with your toes. Tense them up for a few moments, then consciously relax every muscle. Do the same thing to every muscle, working your way up your body until you finish with your head and face. This may feel unfamiliar at first, but you will soon get used to this method of relaxation. Your body may feel rather heavy. This is perfectly normal and nothing to worry about.
*The next step is to take slow, deep breaths. You may want to try a meditation technique where you breathe in slowly and deeply, paying attention to the way it feels as the air comes into your lungs and moves through your body. Exhale slowly and completely, again paying attention to how it feels for the air to leave your body. Imagine all the tension leaving your body with each exhale. It is very important not to fall asleep. If you feel yourself drifting, focus on your forehead, right in the center.
*Step three is where you want to pay attention to how your body feels, it should feel very heavy. When you think about the way your body feels, you should think of it as a lump of clay and not very easy to move. It is time now to think of your astral body, as you think of your astral body you are thinking about how light it feels. Your astral body is weightless, it is free. Close your eyes and see your astral self, you are like bubbles or feathers that are floating away in the breeze. The physical body may be heavy but your astral body is so weightless.
*At this stage, many people using this method say that they can see their darkened room even with their eyes closed. It may appear to be filled with purple light. If you get to this stage, start focusing your attention on the light fixture on the ceiling.
*For the fifth step, imagine that you are pulling the ceiling light toward you. As you pull on the light, you will most likely feel like you are floating. It is very important to remain awake. Now that you are aware of the floating sensation, you may be able to look down on your sleeping physical body on the bed.
There you have just had a successful astral projection! Now you can begin to travel through the astral plane. If this method did not work for you, you may want to try this next technique.
The next method to try is called gazing. Try this as you are going to bed. Find something that you want to use as a focal point it can be a picture on the wall, the moon outside your window, a crystal or anything that you can see easily while lying down in bed.
Once you’ve chosen your object, lie down and get comfortable. Turn your attention to the object. As you keep staring at it, your eyelids should begin to feel heavy. No matter what, keep staring at the object. While your eyes will tend to close eventually, you should still be able to see the object. While you continue to stare, you may feel the urge to sit or stand up. When you do get up, don’t be surprised if you see your physical form peacefully asleep.
If these techniques don’t work for you the first couple of times, don’t get discouraged. Try them again. If they still don’t work, there are other methods to try. It is imperative that you don’t get frustrated. This will only cause anxiety and make it more difficult to relax completely so you can achieve a successful astral projection.
In fact it is vital you understand that whatever tools and techniques you try, the main stumbling block to successful astral projection is actually your own subconscious mind. You need to reassure your subconscious mind that it is perfectly okay for your spiritual body to leave your physical body. One way you can do this is by using affirmations. Once your subconscious mind understands this, then you will find astral projection easy!
There are a few short cuts that can help you learn to astral project very quickly. They can speed up the process of getting into a relaxed state of mind, making it much easier to have a successful astral session.
Hypnosis may help you achieve a relaxed state much more quickly. If you use a quality guided hypnosis session, it can also help explain how to astral project so you don’t have to worry about remembering what to do next. This lets you just follow the session and relax, increasing your chances of having a successful astral projection.
There have also been recent developments in sound technology with something called ‘binaural beats’ where different sound frequencies are played in each ear. This very quickly puts you into the deeply relaxed meditative state required for successful astral projection.
The most important thing to remember is that astral projecting is not as hard as many people think it is. You were born with this natural ability! The tools and methods outlined here are just ways to help you develop this talent to its fullest capacity.
John B Keaple is one of the writers who contributes to the popular astralprojectiontravel.com website. You can enjoy the incredible experience of Uk marriage visa astral projection and you can try it yourself when you get 29 Free Uk marriage visa how to astral project Binaural and hypnosis mp3 audios when you visit here.
categories: astral project,astral projecting,astral projection,astral projection techniques,astral travel | <urn:uuid:d3b91496-9cf6-4247-b0ec-b63106fb9d8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://contenty.org/why-everyone-should-know-how-to-astral-project.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.963769 | 1,307 | 1.75 | 2 |
When we think of intellectual activity, we always imagine people sitting still, motionless. But mental development must be connected with movement and be dependent on it. ~ Maria Montessori
Living Sky School Division received an ArtsSmart grant for dance in Kindergarten called I Can Dance My Learning. Guest dancer, Ashley Johnson is working with six teachers and their students to explore Creative Dance and Brain Dance in the classroom. Check the Early Learning pages for lessons, videos and anchor images to reinforce concepts of dance.
Working together to create shapes with our bodies.
Developing my body/side capability on the floor. (Brain dance)
Creative dance and floating scarves. Look how well I can move in a cross lateral pattern.
We can web our ideas on paper and show our learning with our bodies.
I can move off balance while on my chair and develop my vestibular system.
Ashley Johnson worked with PreK students and teachers to explore ways to dance every day and celebrate movement in learning. Thanks to an ArtsSmart grant (funded through SaskCulture), Living Sky School Division has been able to bring Ashley to work with 10 schools to model lessons, share resources and provide lots of support to our PreK teachers and EA’s. Check our new “Early Learning” page for resources. Thank you to our Early Learning Teachers and EAs who are so willing to dance, explore and play!
dancing with scarves
Over, under, through
dancing in our classroom
“To understand what I am saying, you have to believe that dance is something other than technique. We forget where the movements come from. They are born from life. ” – Pina Bausch
How do we create dances in the classroom? What does it mean to create dance using an “inquiry” process?
Grade 5 students create dance from poetry
Grade 4 students dance with painted feet to poetry.
To examine that question Living Sky is partnering with Dance SK and LIVE Arts to bring three innovative dance programs to classrooms across the province. Arts Educators and dance teachers are collaborating to develop workshops with students for LIVE Arts broadcasts. Teachers can download the teacher guides and register their classes to watch and participate by going to their website to sign up for FREE.
Join in for LIVE programs:
- March 6th – broadcast from McKitrick Community School with Grade 4 at 10:50am and Grade 5 at 1:10pm
Tammy Tropeau (dancer) & Kerri Dakin (teacher)
- March 20th – broadcast from Unity Comprehensive High School with grade 7 at 10:55am and grade 8 at 1:00pm
Rae Ann Hydamaka (dancer) and Crystal Gilbert (teacher)
- April 3 – broadcast from Maymont School with grade 6 at 10:45am and grade 9 at 1:10pm.
Karla Kloeble (dancer) and Heather Cardin (teacher)
Students created this big idea for their dance inquiry.
Dancing is a feeling.
Can’t make the broadcast? You can also download the teacher guide and watch it archived by going to http://liveartsaskatchewan.com/archive/. There are many programs available, all grades and all arts disciplines. Enjoy!
Inspiring Movement, a two year long exploration into dance and what inspires us to move with joy, curiosity and courage. Ashley Johnson, dancer in residence with Living Sky School Division, has created these resources for educators. All materials created are developed to teach the Saskatchewan Dance Education curriculum outcomes. We welcome you to browse the Lesson Bank, view the videos and find the supports you need to teach dance education. Just keep dancing!
Bready Elementary School
All material created and shared on this blog remains the property of Ashley Johnson but is available for educational sharing through the terms of the residency.
Creative Partnerships is funded by Sask Culture, Sask Arts Board and Living Sky School Division no. 202. | <urn:uuid:4f937c57-1814-4cf6-a82a-6af3e573e561> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://learning.lskysd.ca/danceeducation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943736 | 827 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Welcome back to my occasional book recommendation series! I don’t like to overtly review books, because what I disliked about a novel might be what someone else liked about it, so it feels unfair to the author to write a post moaning about a novel I didn’t like. I also personally try to avoid reading too many reviews before reading a book, in case it doesn’t live up to the hype or I feel obliged to agree with reviewers when I actually don’t. Let me make up my own mind, I guess is what I’m saying. That said, I enjoy doing Read, If You Like because some of the best recommendations I’ve had have been where people have said ‘oh, you like X and Y book or film? Then you’ll probably enjoy this one!’ They are usually right.
So without further ado, the first Read, If You Like for 2021!
Read The Bell Jar (Sylvia Plath, 1963), if you like:
- Candid, realistic depictions of mental illness (note that if you are currently in the depths of depression, you might find that The Bell Jar either speaks to you and gives you hope or just pushes you a further into the depths, so please consume responsibly and also seek out some professional help)
- Protagonists, like our lady Esther Greenwood, who are simultaneously very annoying and very real. I have met various Esther Greenwoods. I have been a bit of a Esther Greenwood. I think a lot of teenage girls and young women stray into Esther territory at some point, not necessarily in terms of her mental illness but in terms of being frustrating, frustrated and hugely overwhelmed by life’s opportunities
- A snapshot of 1950s Americaaaa
- With all of its lovely bigotry, I should add, just as a heads up if you’re not in the mood for casual racism
So much has changed
- Deliberate, easily readable prose (Sylvia Plath was a complicated human being but this book felt accessible. I was expecting to find this A Very Tough Read, given its main topic is mental health, and although I didn’t skip through it, the prose is concise and draws you in. It’s not one of those books where every sentence feels laboured)
- Irritating secondary characters
- Some of them are so, so irritating
- Reading around the subject, to an extent. Adding this in because on the back of my copy, the blurb proclaims that The Bell Jar was published a month before Plath’s suicide. I assume this nugget is on most blurbs. It was impossible, therefore, to read it without drawing parallels between Plath’s life and Esther’s. I studied Plath for a while at A Level so I remembered a bit about her experiences of depression and her death, and I kept thinking, ‘this feels autobiographical.’ To write about depression that well, you really have to have experienced it, which is probably why the book feels authentic. It is authentic. It’s also just a bit sad, you know? It’s hard not to wonder what sort of person Plath would have become had she lived past 30. So if you don’t know much about Sylvia Plath before reading The Bell Jar, except for what’s on the burb/author page of your copy, you might feel compelled to Google her afterwards. And if you did know about her, then that knowledge will colour your experience of The Bell Jar, and then your reading of The Bell Jar will influence how you feel about Plath. They’re always going to be linked in the reader’s mind.
So, yeah, not the easiest of reads but definitely worth a try if you’re interested in any of the above. I am cleansing my palette, I should add, both with Pandora’s Jar and with The Scorpio Races, which I actually tried to borrow from the library in November but lockdown got in the way. It is a very November book, The Scorpio Races. Pandora’s Jar is about women of Greek myths and how history’s done them dirty, ie by calling Pandora’s jar a box and conflating Pandora with Eve. The Bible’s Eve, not, like, Killing Eve’s Eve. You probably got that. Um. Follow me on Goodreads if you want to keep up with what I’m reading. I think I’m following myself on Goodreads. How is that possible when I only have one account?!
I will see you soon-ish for another one of these, maybe for Pandora’s Jar? With the country in lockdown there’s not much to do except my college work, writing and reading, and you guys don’t need to see my notes for the Effective Business Processes assignment. I drew a diagram the other day that looks like a blueprint for a bathroom’s plumbing. It actually has something to do with ‘critical path analyses’.
Told you you wouldn’t want to know. Leave a comment if you’ve read The Bell Jar, or Plath’s poetry – what did you think of it?
Look after yourselves! | <urn:uuid:ab222203-3d45-4e3d-810b-80578652243d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://francescasthoughts.com/2021/01/14/read-if-you-like-the-bell-jar-by-sylvia-plath/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963672 | 1,107 | 1.507813 | 2 |
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- Let us always honor all the heroes who lost their lives to give us a brighter future. May God reward them in heaven. Happy Egypt’s Revolution Day.
- Egypt Revolution Day everyone. Don’t forget to pay your respect to the freedom fighters.
- There are millions of people who have fought to get the much needed freedom. Let us not waste their hard work and use our responsibility in a wise manner. Happy Egypt’s Revolution Day
- The day freedom is embraced by the entire world, it will be the beginning of a new life order; a happier one indeed!
- Throughout the history, it is seen that the fight for freedom has never been easy! Happy Egypt’s Revolution Day
- If your thoughts are bounded then trust me even the notion of freedom is as useless to you as anything else. Think free, live free
- Egypt’s Revolution Day is celebrated every year to let know people of the great advantage they have in life.
- The happiness of being able to choose things for ourselves is truly overwhelming. Happy Egypt’s Revolution Day
- Better to die fighting for freedom then be a prisoner all the days of your life. – Bob Marley
- The great revolution in the history of man, past, present, and future, is the revolution of those determined to be free. – John F. Kennedy | <urn:uuid:2aefcdd1-ec11-4336-8e99-17cf3487eb46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://createcustomwishes.com/greetings-card/customize-egypts-revolution-day-wishes-pic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.918587 | 288 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The unprecedented ferocity of World War I (1914-1918) saw the great powers of Europe galvanize their populations into “total war” and the Continent besieged by violence, chaos, and destruction. Ultimately, the conflict resulted in the disintegration of several empires; witness the centrifugal fragmentation of Austria-Hungary, the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, and the subjugation of Germany under the punitive Treaty of Versailles.1 The Great War, as it was also known, cut down a generation of young men in Europe and directly contributed to the emergence of a deadly influenza pandemic, known at the time as the Spanish Flu. The manifestations of pandemic influenza were horrific. Infected individuals exhibited heliotrope cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from suffocation as their lungs filled with blood and fluid. The end result for the host was often systemic hemorrhaging, and ultimately death.
I begin this chapter by examining the impact of the 1918 pandemic on the institutions of affected sovereign states, their societies, and the interface between the two. A comparative demographic analysis of available mortality and morbidity data is followed by a description of the peculiar etiology of the 1918 pathogen. I then explore the effects of the pandemic on the state, and in particular its effect on the military forces (and societies) of the various protagonists in World War I, primarily through the available German, Austrian, British, French, and American data. Following that, I analyze the effects of the pandemic on governance (broadly construed) in affected polities.
During the final year of the Great War, pandemic influenza affected and debilitated circa 25 percent of the global population, typically resulting in the mortality of between 2 and 4 percent of those afflicted. Death typically resulted from influenza-induced hemorrhaging or suffocation, or from secondary pneumonic or tubercular co-infections.2 In the United States, flu-induced morbidity was circa 25 million, with an estimated mortality of 675,000. According to the medical historian Hans Zinsser, the epidemic exerted a dramatic (if rather brief) negative effect on average US life expectancy, resulting in a significant decline of 12 years in 1918.3
“The pandemic,” Alfred Crosby concludes,
affected history in general in the way that the random addition of a poison to some of the refreshments served at the 1918 West Point commencement celebrations would have affected the military history of World War II; i.e. it had enormous influence but one that utterly evades logical analysis and that has been completely ignored by all commentators on the past. On the level of organizations and institutions—the level of collectivities—the Spanish flu had little impact. It did not spur great changes in the structure and procedures of governments, armies, corporations, or universities. It had little influence on the course of political and military struggles because it usually affected all sides equally.4
Crosby’s argument is based on a reading of US mortality data; however, the data presented below indicate that the pandemic did not affect all the protagonists equally. The balance of evidence indicates that the virus generated differential mortality across the spectrum of affected societies. The very fact that mortality varied so greatly across cultures leads to the conclusion that the pandemic had differential impacts on the various combatants involved in the war. A second point is that there was considerable temporal variation in the waves of pandemic influenza that circulated the world in 1918-19, and that it struck and debilitated the Central Powers before it struck the Allies.
The first evidence to challenge Crosby’s assertion that all sides were affected equally by the pathogen comes from the medical historian W. H. Frost, who used the rates of mortality in mid-size to large population centers to document the degree to which influenza swept the United States in 1918. Importantly, Frost’s data clearly indicate differential rates of morbidity across US population centers, ranging from 15 percent in Louisville to 53 percent in San Antonio.5 Reinforcing this finding that flu-induced mortality was not uniform, but rather ranged along a continuum within societies, the medical historian Edgar Sydenstricker estimated that US national mortality rates ranged from 2.76 percent to 4.6 percent.6 Considering this estimate in terms of rates, Crosby noted that (according to US Public Health Service surveys conducted at the time) 280 per thousand US citizens contracted pandemic influenza in 1918-19. Crosby extrapolates to conclude that over 25 percent of the US population was infected and debilitated by the contagion.7
Given that influenza-induced morbidity and mortality appears to have ranged along a continuum within societies, one might expect to observe considerable variance between sovereign states. The data bear out this supposition, as certain countries (e.g., Japan) exhibited exceptionally low mortality rates, whereas other countries exhibited exceptional to catastrophic levels of mortality (the worst case being Samoa). The medical demographers G. Rice and E. Palmer analyzed Japanese medical archives to compile data on influenza-related morbidity and mortality, and determined that Japan witnessed 2,168,398 cases (morbidity) and 257,363 deaths (mortality). “The case rate,” they write, “was therefore 370 per thousand, or just over one-third of the whole population, which was rather higher than that of the United States. However, the influenzainduced crude death rate was rather minute, at 4.5 per thousand.”8 Other societies were not so fortunate. Data collected by Colin Brown indicate that Indonesia’s mortality rate was approximately 17.7 per thousand.9 Furthermore, approximately 3 percent of Sierra Leone’s indigenous population died as a direct result of influenza by late 1918,10 and Patterson has established that flu-induced mortality in African societies ranged from 30 to 40 per thousand.11
Attempts to quarantine Australia and New Zealand were partially successful; they only delayed the onset of the contagion, and Rice notes that New Zealand’s Maori population exhibited a mortality rate of 43 per thousand.12 Mills has established that India suffered to an even greater extent from the virus, with a mortality rate ranging from 46 to 67 per thousand, again varying by region.13 The highest death rates appear to have occurred among the isolated and immunologically naive populations of islands such as Western Samoa, which exhibited a staggering mortality rate of 220 per thousand, resulting in the destruction of over 20 percent of its population base over the duration of the pandemic.14 (See figure 3.1.)
Initial estimates of deaths induced by pandemic influenza placed aggregate global mortality at circa 21 million. However, recent epidemiological investigations have revealed that flu-induced mortality in South Asia alone (particularly in India) exceeded 17 million. Therefore, conservative revised estimates of mortality currently approach 50 million,15 and liberal estimates are as high as circa 100 million.16 For the purposes of this inquiry it seems prudent to adopt the figure of 50 million.
During typical manifestations of the pathogen, influenza is a killer of those at the two tails of the demographic distribution of a society: the very young and the elderly. Yet the 1918 epidemic displayed an unusual penchant for the destruction of healthy and productive individuals in the prime of their lives. Specifically, during the 1918 pandemic, the mortality distribution associated with infection exhibited the form of a W, with pronounced mortality in the 15-45-year age range, accompanied by the expected high mortality in the elderly and young.17 Flu-induced mortality seems to have affected females and males in equal fashion, although the pathogen apparently generated exceptional mortality in pregnant mothers.18 Why would the pathogen affect so many healthy young adults in the prime of their lives? It is reasonable to speculate that the influenza generated a profound overreaction by the body’s immune system, and that the cytokines (endogenous toxins) released by the body destroyed the fragile tissues of the lungs during the immune system’s attempt to combat the virus.19 It would seem, then, that those with stronger immune systems were, as a perverse consequence, more vulnerable to the pathogen.
Beyond the influenza, various pathogens exhibited a pronounced and deleterious effect on the German population during World War I. One reasonable explanation for such declines in German public health is that the embargo on the shipment of foodstuffs to the Central Powers during this period would have severely compromised the base health of the average German citizen, increasing the probability of colonization of the human host by the pathogen. Indeed, male civilian deaths in Germany peaked in 1918 at 566,077, with female mortality in the same year reaching a zenith of 644,163 even though females were non-combatants. Compare such figures with postwar baseline civilian mortality of 429,741 for males and 426,263 for females in the year 1923.20 Note that this post-conflict baseline may be rather inflated relative to prewar data, owing to the fact that the war generated attenuated negative impacts on human health, ranging from immunosuppression and secondary infection to mental illness.21
Recent evidence suggests that the 1918 influenza was in fact an H1N1 variant, and therefore genetically similar to the virus currently spreading throughout avian populations in East and Southeast Asia. The 1918 virus likely originated in avian species, crossed over into the human ecology through processes of zoonotic transmission, then continued to evolve and mutate within human populations. This helps to account for the three waves of the pandemic that circled the world in 1918, each progressively more lethal, and likely intensified by the conditions of World War I.
The orthodox epidemiological history traces the origins of the pandemic to Camp Funston (near Fort Riley, in Kansas) during March 1918, after which it appeared at Camp Oglethorpe in Georgia and then at Camp Devens in Massachusetts.22 With troop transport vessels serving as vectors of both incubation and distribution, the flu then supposedly traveled to the battlefields of Europe, whereupon it infected thousands of soldiers during the spring of 1918. During this initial phase, the pathogen exhibited significant morbidity, with slightly elevated mortality, and then entered a period of relative dormancy during the summer months that followed. Late August of 1918 saw the second wave of the epidemic erupt with much greater lethality, appearing simultaneously in France, Sierra Leone, and the United States (with its epicenter in Boston).
The third and most virulent wave of the epidemic appeared in the fall of 1918, attacking the military forces of both the United States and the Central Powers and overwhelming field hospitals, transports, and lazarets in the rear with fevered, debilitated, and dying young men. According to the microbiologist Paul Ewald, throughout these three increasingly lethal waves of infection, the influenza virus progressively mutated to take advantage of the densely packed populations and of the mobility of soldiers, resulting in the emergence of a highly communicable and lethal strain. Ewald notes that the mobility of forces acted as a “cultural vector” to distribute the virus from infected host populations to uninfected populations:
Soldiers in the trenches were grouped so closely that even immobile infecteds could transmit pathogens. When a soldier was too sick to fight, he was typically removed by his trenchmates. But by that time trenchmates often would have been infected.23
Thus, the malign ecological conditions associated with a protracted ground war allowed the virus to mutate in order to become more infective (and increasingly lethal) to the young adult populations that served as hosts in the theater of war, and resulting in the unusual W-shaped mortality distribution. Ewald writes:
The increased mortality in the trenches due to fighting or the other infectious diseases that typically accompanied such warfare should have, if anything, also favored a high level of virulence. Any deaths of recovered immune individuals would result in the transport of replacements into the trenches who would often be susceptible to the strains circulating in the trenches. In addition, one of the costs that a pathogen may incur from extremely rapid reproduction is a shortened duration of infection due either to a more rapid immune response or to host death.24
Thus, the epidemic was a product of the pernicious ecology of war, with high population densities of combatants, poor sanitation, stress, and the movement of forces collectively serving as remarkably efficient vectors of transmission around the world. However, the pandemic may have also affected the course of the war, to some degree, through its successive waves of debilitation and destruction of human life. Thus, we may understand the relationship between war, pathogenic emergence, and outcome of the war as a complex feedback mechanism. I shall explore this concept in greater detail below.
The effects of the contagion were historically downplayed by the medical community, who (like the Galenists of old) were acutely embarrassed by their impotence in the face of such an overwhelming epidemic. According to the medical historian Carol Byerly, “the tendency of medical officers, army commanders, and federal officials to downplay the role of the influenza epidemic in the Great War, and the impact of disease on military populations in general, has encouraged American complacency about the ability of medicine to control disease outbreaks during war.”25 The German medical historian Wilfried Witte has noted that Prussian authorities went out of their way to downplay the severity of the pandemic during wartime, going so far as to repress the dissemination of data as best they could. Furthermore, existing data suggest that, while the majority of deaths were recorded in urban centers, there was significant debilitation and mortality in rural areas that likely went unrecorded because of a lack of medical personnel in those regions. Therefore, many of the mortality data from Central Europe are probably significantly lower than the actual mortality that occurred as a result of both repression and low levels of health-care capacity in rural regions.26 Johnson and Mueller concur with the assessment that available estimates vastly understate the impact of the contagion on mortality. They posit that “limitations of these data can include nonregistration, missing records, misdiagnosis, and nonmedical certification, and may also vary greatly between locations.”27
The general dearth of investigation regarding the political and economic effects of the Spanish Flu are notable, and necessarily raise some questions. “The influenza epidemic’s most important, if enigmatic, legacy,” Byerly argues, “has been its reinforcement of the government’s and the society’s reluctance to acknowledge the deadly role disease often plays in war. As people have written war stories and official reports of wars, they have often effaced human suffering, reflecting the military’s tendency to downplay the fact of injury as a product of war. This tendency is especially apparent with respect to the story of disease in war.”28
Because death from disease was often regarded as ignoble, in the aftermath of the Great War military forces sought to diminish the perceived impact of the contagion, particularly since military medical officers had been utterly powerless in the face of such a pathogen. Byerly castigates the US government for its deliberate and widespread attempts to suppress evidence of mortality from disease during the conflict. She argues that the War Department’s official record of the war “listed battle casualties only” and that “a 1919 Senate document on the cost of the war stated that 50,000 men were killed in battle. Although this report calculated various costs of the war . . . it failed to mention the war cost of 57,000 deaths from disease. It reduced the army death toll by more than half.”29
Central to this analysis is the effect of pathogens on the apparatus of governance within a polity, particularly the bureaucracy and the military.
The profound morbidity and mortality induced by the pandemic affected the armed forces of the various combatants in different fashions. Much as countries exhibited differential mortality from the contagion, the armed forces of states exhibited varying death rates. Comparative analyses of the causes of death for military forces, measuring mortality from disease versus that suffered in action, are illustrative. On the Allied side, US forces experienced the most severe impacts of the contagion, with a rough 1 : 1 ratio of deaths from disease to battlefield injuries.30 French forces saw a much lower mortality ratio (roughly 1 : 6), and in British forces the ratio was approximately 1 : 10.31 Such variance in mortality contradicts Crosby’s postulate that all the belligerents were affected to the same degree by the pandemic. It also demonstrates that the British and French forces may have had more acquired immunity to the pathogen than their American counterparts.
Aside from the direct costs imposed by troop mortality, the effects of the influenza on military personnel included debilitation, decline of morale, and the diversion of the leadership’s focus from the prosecution of the war to containment of the contagion. Additionally, the death and debilitation of officers undermined force cohesion, planning, and execution, and reduced the capacity for effective reinforcement of divisions in the midst of battle. It also diminished the military’s capacity for the medical evacuation of ill personnel to hospitals, where health providers also succumbed to the virus. Thus, although the contagion did not utterly paralyze the machinery of war, it did slow military units down, notably diminishing their efficacy.
During the supposed first wave of pandemic influenza that appeared in the United States during the spring of 1918, initial mortality in military training facilities hovered around 10 per thousand. Such mortality eventually declined to mere 2.3 per thousand by mid September of 1918.32 However, the most virulent strain arrived soon after that point, and on October 11, 1918, mortality soared to 206 per thousand.33 The morbidity and mortality associated with the pandemic had profoundly deleterious consequences for the operational capacity of many US military units. In September 1918, US Brigadier General Charles Richard commented to his peers: “Epidemic influenza . . . has become a very serious menace and threatens not only to retard the military program, but to exact a heavy toll in human life. . . .”34 In the US experience, pandemic influenza induced absenteeism, loss of morale, and logistical chaos throughout the military infrastructure. The historian James Seidule argues that influenza had a significant negative effect on the morale of US forces and undermined their logistical cohesion during the conflict: “The flu sapped the strength and the morale of everyone in the AEF [and it] combined with malnutrition, inadequate clothing, and lack of sleep to create thousands of soldiers who suffered from combat exhaustion. . . . The result was an ineffective army with low morale.”35 Crosby describes the effects of the contagion on the US 57th Pioneer Infantry during their march to the naval vessels that would ferry them to France: “Some men stayed where they had sprawled. Others, almost as sick, struggled to their feet to keep up with their platoons, even throwing away equipment to avoid falling behind. No one was ever able to determine how much equipment or how many men the 57th lost on that march.”36
The rise of influenza had other pernicious effects on the war-fighting capacity of US forces, including logistical problems and the quarantine of US training camps. Eventually the virus resulted in suspension of the draft: “On September 26, with Pershing calling for reinforcements, with the AEF (American Expeditionary Force) pushing forward into the Argonne . . . the Provost Marshal General of the United States Army canceled an October draft call for 142,000 men. Practically all the camps to which they had been ordered were quarantined. The call up of 78,000 additional men in October had to be postponed. . . .”37 Crosby notes that the strains of the pandemic forced a 10 percent reduction in troop shipments to France. Furthermore, on October 11, 1918, “the War Department ordered a reduction in the intensity of training at all army camps. At the end of the month, the Chief of Staff in Washington wired General Pershing that the flu had stopped nearly all draft calls and practically all training in October.”38
The pandemic thereby undermined the American Expeditionary Force’s prosecution of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, which began on September 26 and concluded on November 11, 1918. “When Pershing needed 90,000 replacement troops for his Meuse-Argonne campaign,” Byerly argues, [US Army Chief of Staff] March could provide him with only 45,000 because of the epidemic.”39 Indeed, during the Meuse-Argonne offensive, the estimated US morbidity from influenza was 68,760, as compared to 69,832 soldiers wounded by bullets and 18,864 who succumbed to gas.40 The comparative mortality statistics of the US 88th division are also illustrative regarding the effects of the pandemic. “The total of all combat losses for the 88th—killed, wounded, missing, and captured—was 90. The total of its flu cases during the fall wave was 6,845 [or] approximately one-third of the division. One thousand and forty five contracted pneumonia, and 444 died.”41
Alexander Stark, chief surgeon of the First Army, concluded that “influenza so clogged the medical services and the evacuation system, and rendered ‘ineffective’ so many men in the armies that it threatened to disrupt the war.”42 “By the War Department’s own account,” according to Byerly, “flu sickened 26 percent of the army—more than one million men—and accounted for 82 percent of total deaths from disease.”43
Given the malign synergy between the influenza virus and secondary sources of infection, one must include much of the subsequent mortality from infections (after October 1918) within the aggregate assessment of pandemic-induced mortality. Comprehensive assessments of mortality by the US War Department showed that the contagion actually killed more American troops than deaths from injuries sustained in combat. Specifically, while 50,280 American soldiers were killed in action, 57,460 died from pandemic influenza.44 The US War Department eventually estimated that the pandemic resulted in the loss of 8,743,102 person-days to influenza among enlisted personnel in 1918 alone.45 The US Navy was particularly affected by the destructive capacity of the pathogen: “All in all, the US Navy lost 4,136 of its officers and men to the flu and pneumonia in the last third of 1918. Despite the efforts of Germany’s undersea fleet, almost twice as many Americans soldiers died in the pandemic than as the result of enemy action in 1918.”46 US Naval statistics compiled during the course of the contagion indicate that circa 40 percent of naval personnel succumbed to the flu during 1918. Meanwhile, 361 per 1,000 US soldiers were admitted to hospital in 1918 for complications arising from influenza infection. “In total over 621,000 [US] soldiers caught the flu in 1918, upwards of one-sixth of the total number of American soldiers in World War I.”47 Furthermore, assessments of morbidity provide an indication of the aggregate impact of influenza on military effectiveness. The records of the Surgeon General of the US Army indicate that, of the 1 million men of the AEF who were hospitalized, circa 775,000 were hospitalized because of illness (influenza), while the remaining 225,000 were hospitalized for wounds incurred on the battlefield.48 Additional data indicate that 26 percent of the personnel in Army units were similarly debilitated by the pathogen.49
In the final analysis, US War Department records indicate that morbidity associated with the conflict saw 227,000 hospitalized for wounds incurred in battle, while over 340,000 were hospitalized for influenza.50 According to War Department records, the Army Surgeon General noted that debilitation and death from influenza had resulted in the loss of 9,055,659 days of manpower, with the result that almost two full divisions were out of action for the entire year 1918.51
According to Byerly, the influenza pandemic induced approximately 225,000 deaths among civilians in the United Kingdom.52 The British Expeditionary Forces saw approximately 313,000 cases (morbidity) of influenza during 1918, although incomplete records suggest that this estimate may be on the conservative side.53
Current estimates of French civilian flu-induced mortality are approximately 135,000, and France lost circa 30,000 soldiers to the virus over the course of the pandemic.54 Crosby argues that, in September 1918 alone, French forces in the combat zone exhibited over 25,000 cases of influenza, and that “the rear-area soldiers, not the men in actual combat, bore the brunt of the pandemic. The incidence of Flu in the French Army in the interior areas, for instance, was three to twelve times higher than in the French army at or near the battle-front.”55 This suggests that the rear camps may have acted as optimal vectors of viral dissemination, superior to transmission within the trenches.
Furthermore, the three waves of influenza that swept over the United Kingdom saw three distinct mortality peaks. The first peak occurred from July 6 to 14, 1918, the second from October 19 to November 23, 1918, and the third from February 8 to March 15, 1919.56 It is extremely significant to note that the waves of mortality that swept through Allied forces were not synchronous with those waves of mortality that swept across the citizens (and military forces) of the Central European states. The temporal variability of the mortality waves, hitting the Central Powers first, helps to further dispel the assertion that the influenza affected all the combatants in a roughly equivalent manner. As the German and Austrian data cited below indicate, the waves of mortality visited on those societies significantly preceded those that swept the United Kingdom, with possibly significant historical consequences.
The emergence of the virulent form of the contagion in the spring of 1918 coincided with the German Offensive of the Somme. During this period, the German Chief of Staff, General Erich Von Ludendorff, complained vociferously about the deleterious effects of the influenza on German military efficacy. The Somme offensive, which began on March 21, 1918, began to sputter in May as the virus increasingly debilitated German troops and crippled their units. In late June of that year, Ludendorff “noted that over 2000 men in each division were suffering from influenza, that the supply system was breaking down, and that troops were underfed. Infection spread rapidly. By late July, Ludendorff specifically blamed the pandemic for nullifying the German drive.”57 According to the historian Richard Bessel, “the influenza outbreaks in among the (German) troops in June and July 1918, left very great numbers of sick and wounded in their wake: of the 1.4 million German soldiers who participated in the offensives, over 300,000 became casualties between 21 March and 10 April, and the influenza epidemic in June and July alone affected more than half a million men; altogether between March and July 1918 about 1.75 million German soldiers fell ill at some point and roughly 750,000 were wounded.”58 Empirical data confirm Bessel’s assertions and Ludendorff’s protestations. Figure 3.2 illustrates the profound (and non-linear) increase in flu-induced mortality in the German Army. The pathogen-induced destruction was so profound, and the German physicians and nurses so overwhelmed by the dead and dying, that they were unable to keep track of the mortality as the first wave of the pandemic struck in the early days of June 1918, with over 15 percent of forces infected before the physicians were overwhelmed and ceased to register incidence.
Aside from the direct effects of mortality and morbidity, the flu also undermined the logistical efficacy of the German military: it adversely affected the effective function of the railways throughout the late summer and fall of 1918, impeding the timely distribution of materiel.59 “Influenza,” Crosby observes, “gummed up the German supply lines and made it harder to advance and harder to retreat. From the point of view of the generals, it had a worse effect on the fighting qualities of an army than death itself. The dead were dead. . . . But the flu took good men and made them into delirious staggering debits whose care required the diversion of healthy men from important tasks.”60
Ludendorff continued to lament the contagion’s pernicious effects on the German military effort. “Our army suffered,” he wrote. “Influenza was rampant. . . . It was a grievous business having to listen every morning to the chiefs of staffs’ recital of the number of influenza cases, and their complaints about the weakness of their troops if the English attacked again.”61 The death and debilitation arising from the pandemic also appear to have affected discipline and morale among German forces.62 According to Crosby, Ludendorff later “blamed the failure of his July offensive, which came so close to winning the war for Germany, on the poor morale and diminished strength of his armies, which he attributed in part to flu.”63
The public health records of the German military indicate that their forces were burdened by circa 1,543,612 cases of lethal influenza (then called “the Grippe”). Morbidity among German troops increased from a rate of 131,139 cases per annum in 1914 to 896,266 per annum in 1918,64 an increase of 683.18 percent over the course of the war.
According to the medical historian Fielding Garrison, infection rates ranged from 16 percent to 80 percent of soldiers, depending on the unit.65 By October 17, influenza had thoroughly debilitated the German forces and was raging all along the front. Bessel argues that the final lethal wave of influenza in October 1918 may have contributed to the ultimate collapse of the German war effort, and to the decline in effective governance by the state:
. . . in the last months of 1918 the military demobilization coincided with a sharp increase in mortality caused by the influenza epidemic: German civilian deaths shot up in October 1918 (when they were nearly two and a half times what they had been in September), remained extremely high in November, and returned to average wartime levels only in March 1919. Indeed, the months of October and November 1918 registered the highest civilian mortality rates in Germany for the entire war.66
With the notable exceptions of Bessel and Crosby, there has been a tendency among historians to discount Ludendorff’s accounts of the flu as given to wild exaggeration and exhibiting a tendency to deny accountability. However, Ludendorff’s accounts of the influenza are very much supported by empirical data culled from the Prussian State archives of the Staatsbibliothek in Berlin. (See figure 3.3.)
Waves of subsequent mortality due to secondary infection resulted from the destruction that the influenza had wreaked on its human hosts’ immune systems, particularly on the fragile tissues of the lungs. The most prevalent of these post-flu infections was tuberculosis, which claimed the lives of 40,043 German women in 1914 and 66,608 in 1918. Similarly, German female deaths resulting from pneumonia rose from 35,700 in 1914 to 74,468 in 1918.67 Collectively, this indicates that the conditions associated with the war resulted in increases of German female mortality of 66.34 percent for tuberculosis and 208.59 percent for pneumonia, both of which were typical post-flu secondary infections. Not only did the contagion kill productive members of German society and contribute to post-hoc infections and mortality; it also resulted in the profound and attenuated debilitation of survivors, to the extent that it undermined the productivity of the German workforce, and hence the German war effort, from the spring of 1918 to the collapse of the government in November of that year.68 Additional evidence for this drop in productivity comes from the dramatic declines in German coal production caused by influenza, as noted in the records of mines from that period.69 Such steep declines in the pivotal energy resource of the time would have had a profound negative effect on the capacity of the German military in particular, and on the resilience of the macro economy in general. Bessel has also noted that the rise of the influenza pandemic temporally coincides with the failure of the German military effort, the collapse of effective governance, and the advent of revolution.70 The data on morbidity and mortality support such assertions to a degree.
The pandemic visited considerable suffering and destruction on the Central Powers and, as the data cited in figure 3.4 indicate, may have also resulted in limiting the martial power and the stable governance of Austria-Hungary.
The Austrian data (rather more complete than the German records) indicate that influenza struck Austria-Hungary in a single dramatic wave during late October and early November of 1918, whereas the rest of the world apparently suffered through three waves of influenza, beginning in the spring of 1918, each more lethal than the last. The Austrians apparently only suffered the visitation of the last and deadliest viral wave, which cut through the population in late October 1918.
The data suggest that the Austrians witnessed a previously unacknowledged regional epidemic of considerable influenza-induced mortality during the first and second quarters of 1917, significantly predating the viral waves that began in the spring of 1918 in the United States. This revelation suggests that a precursor epidemic, of unknown origins, apparently swept through Austria (and perhaps other regions of Central Europe) in the spring of 1917. This provides empirical evidence to reinforce John Oxford’s hypothesis that the virus may have emerged in sporadic epidemic form before 1918.71 What is apparent in the Viennese case is that the Austrian people did not experience the two increasingly lethal waves of pandemic influenza that swept the world in the spring and summer of 1918 but suffered a lingering pandemic. From an epidemiological viewpoint, the lack of exposure to these two waves in early 1918 may have inhibited the Austrian population’s development of any significant immunity to the final genetic variant of the pathogen, thereby increasing their vulnerability to the third wave.
Such empirical evidence of a Austrian precursor epidemic that generated significant mortality in the spring of 1917 is of profound epidemiological significance. It explains how the Austrians may have developed partial immunity to the viral waves of spring and summer 1918, as a direct result of that prior exposure. However, they apparently remained immunologically naive to the genetically novel and exceptionally lethal variant of the virus that appeared in the fall of 1918 and generated such enormous mortality in the fourth quarter of that year.
Further, one must recall the pathogenic connectivity between influenza, which destroyed the hosts lungs and immune system, and the opportunistic infections (such as viral and bacterial pneumonia) that then debilitated and often killed the weakened host. Additional data from Austria indicate that the influenza pandemic generated a subsequent wave of pneumonic mortality throughout the Austrian people. This secondary wave of infection significantly augmented the mortality generated by the final viral wave of influenza. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that an earlier peak in pneumonia-induced mortality appears to be synchronous with the observed “first wave” of influenza mortality that struck Austria in the spring of 1917.72 (See figure 3.5.)
The historical record indicates that the final viral wave of influenza (and the nigh synchronous wave of deaths from pneumonia) immediately preceded the fragmentation of the Empire. Specifically, within two weeks of the final wave of the virus’ striking Vienna, the Austro-Hungarian Empire underwent utter political disintegration. Thus, mortality from the “third wave” constituted an exogenous shock of some magnitude, and one that may have served as the proverbial “straw that broke the camel’s back.” It is quite certain that influenza was not the sole agent responsible for the dissolution of the empire. However, the influenza pandemic undoubtedly functioned as a powerful stressor to shatter the rotten and tottering foundations of the institutions of the empire, which had been successively eroded by years of war.
With the notable exceptions of Crosby, Byerly, and Bessel, medical historians have perpetuated the ignorance of the impact of influenza on the war effort, and certainly on the outcome of the war. The historians Byron Farwell, Jennifer Keene, and Robert Ziegler have argued that the pandemic compromised the effectiveness of military forces during the war to a certain extent, but they have not gone so far as to argue that it had any effect on the outcome of the conflict.73
Given that the waves of pandemic influenza (as determined by pathogen-induced mortality) struck Austrian and German society (and their military forces) before they struck British society, we might expect that influenza debilitated the war effort of the Central Powers more than that of the Allies. Thus, it is variation in mortality and (perhaps even more important) in timing that indicates that Crosby was premature in concluding that all combatants were affected in the same manner. The balance of evidence accumulated herein suggests that the pandemic affected the combatant’ militaries, governments, and societies in rather different ways, and that it may have contributed to the defeat of the Central Powers.
As the data indicate, the contagion eroded the capacity and efficacy of affected militaries, diminishing their optimal functionality. The pandemic’s infliction of such debilitation and death on all the protagonists in the war may have effectively brought the conflict to an early end, as military institutions became increasingly sclerotic and ineffective. Moreover, there is some evidence (borne out in the German mortality tables) that the pandemic greatly impeded the German offensive of the spring of 1918, which, if successful, would have resulted in victory for the Central Powers. The second and third waves also diminished German martial power throughout the summer and fall of 1918.
Thus, the epidemic may have prevented a German victory, extended the war, and ultimately assisted in forcing the Central Powers to the table to negotiate peace at Versailles. On October 6 and 7, 1918, at the height of the influenza pandemic in Central Europe, the governments of Germany and Austria sent notices to US president Wilson requesting an armistice and peace negotiations based on Wilson’s proposed fourteen points. However, perhaps the most important (and previously unexplored) point is that the visitation of the final lethal viral wave on the immunologically naive population of Austria resulted in widespread death and debilitation and in sclerosis of governance, and ultimately contributed to the collapse of the empire. By articulating this hypothesis I hope to stimulate some debate as to the role of the influenza in the collapse of Austria-Hungary and in the demise of Imperial Germany.
The history of disease, particularly during its manifestation in European societies, is riddled with fear-induced desires to target minorities as the carriers, instigators, or vectors of disease transmission. It seems a common frailty that humans find it expedient to blame the psychological “other” for visitations of contagion, even pandemic influenza. Despite the fact that the strain may have originated in Kansas (or Austria, for that matter), it was subsequently labeled the Spanish Flu. This designation resulted from the fact that Spain, a neutral party during the conflict, was not actively engaged in the censorship of the reporting of the epidemic at that time. Citizens on the Allied side began to envisage the contagion as some nefarious and demonic weapon conjured by the Germans to poison the people of the Allied countries. For example, one excessively passionate argument went as follows: “Let the curse be called the German plague. . . . Let every child learn to associate what is accursed with the word German not in the spirit of hate but in the spirit of contempt born of the hateful truth which Germany has proved herself to be.”74 While this effect apparently did not result in attacks on demonized minorities (beyond the obvious organized violence directed toward the Central Powers), the central function of contagion-induced stigmatization appears to continue to hold in this case.
At the domestic level, influenza had a sclerotic effect on governance within severely affected countries, overwhelming the capacity of the state (and often the society) to deal with the debilitation and mortality generated by the contagion. Crosby estimates that the influenza pandemic of 1918-19 generated at least 550,000 excess deaths in the United States (i.e., over and above those deaths that would typically result on an annual basis).75 As one would expect, one of the first sectors of US society to be overcome was the health sector. Hospitals did not possess the requisite surge capacity to deal with such a huge influx of ill patients. Specifically, hospitals did not possess the necessary beds and supplies, nor did they have adequate reserves of medical personnel (nurses and doctors) on hand to deal with the surge in infected civilians. Moreover, lacking adequate protection, many health providers themselves succumbed to the illness, and thereby became an additional burden on those who remained healthy. The contagion also undercut the timely and effective delivery of other public goods by the state to the people, including essential services such as communications. Crosby notes that “eight hundred and fifty employees of Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania stayed home from work on October 7, 1918” and that “on the next day Doctor Krusen of the Department of Health and Charities authorized the company to deny services to any persons making unessential calls, and it presently did so in a thousand cases.”76 This sclerotic effect of the contagion also impacted the police and family services. The pandemic resulted in rampant absenteeism among police officers, firemen, garbage collectors, and social workers to care for children who had lost their parents.77 Further complicating the situation was the inability to bury the dead promptly and effectively:
The essential service which came closest to collapse in Philadelphia was (morticians). Unless morticians are able to fulfill their duty, two things happen. One, bodies accumulate, creating the possibility of secondary epidemics caused by the various organisms that batten on dead flesh. Two, and more immediately significant, the accumulation of corpses will, more than anything else, sap and even break the morale of a population. When that happens, superstitious horror thrusts common decency aside, all public services collapse, friends and even family members turn away from one another, and the death rate bounds upward.78
The discord associated with the pandemic was certainly not relegated to the environs of Philadelphia, but distributed throughout the United States. In the city of San Francisco there were acute shortages of medical personnel, police, communications personnel, educators, and even garbage collectors. “The Sanitary reduction works shut down when only 11 of its normal staff of 56 showed up for work.”79
While the state’s ability to respond was significantly curtailed by the contagion, successful adaptive response came in the form of the mobilization of civil society. It was this galvanic response of non-state organizations, religious, social, economic, and political, that enabled American society to overcome the ravages of the pandemic.80 Regarding this response by society, it seems reasonable to argue that the civil cohesion generated through the prolonged war effort (notably the Civil Defense Associations) empowered civil society to the extent that it was capable of dealing with the widespread death and disruption generated by the pathogen. It should be noted that different communities responded with varying degrees of effectiveness. San Francisco, for example, was plagued by particularly inept responses, by both civil society and the state. “Despite preliminary planning, organization never caught up with the flu until it had passed its peak. No local Council of National Defense arose to coordinate anti-pandemic forces; no central clearing house to process all calls for assistance . . . was ever created, and San Franciscans ran their doctors ragged checking on cases that needed no professional attention.”81
The pandemic serves as a prime example of emergent properties, and the Oxford hypothesis supports this line of reasoning. The lethal pandemic influenza of 1918 likely derived its intensity from a combination of the conflict’s constituent attributes (and their side effects). Such pernicious factors included the dense troop populations that moved rapidly and continuously around the world (functioning as highly efficient vectors of transmission), coupled with poor nutrition that undermined immune systems, the highly unsanitary conditions of the trenches and military camps, and a novel zoonosis (H1N1 avian influenza). Those permissive conditions, which resulted in rapid viral transmission from host to host, facilitated the evolution of traits of lethality in the virus, resulting in a highly contagious and lethal influenza pandemic. Individually, each one of these constitutive variables may have not generated any significant effect, but when combined in this fashion, led to one of the greatest global public health disasters in recorded history.
Ultimately, the balance of evidence from Germany, Austria, and the United States suggests that the 1918 influenza had various effects on state capacity in affected polities. One obvious effect was that the morbidity and mortality generated by the influenza pandemic generated profound institutional sclerosis. The strongest evidence for this emanates from the extensive problems that became manifest in both the Allied and German military forces during 1918. Other bureaucracies exhibited sclerosis in the United States, particularly those that provided public services such as health care, communication, law enforcement, sanitation, and so forth. Although the preliminary evidence presented here suggests that pandemic influenza did significantly impede the optimal function of state institutions in 1918, further cross-national historical research is required to validate this hypothesis.
In the wake of the great pandemic of 1918-19, the twentieth century witnessed additional (and relatively minor) pandemics during 195782 and 1968.83 The processes of emergence of pandemic influenza are cyclical and thus, contain a degree of periodicity.84 However, the Swine flu affair of 1976, which emanated from initial cases of flu-induced mortality in Fort Dix, New Jersey, generated problems in US domestic response to contagion that persist to this day. Despite dire warnings regarding the emergence of a novel strain of highly pathogenic influenza, the 1976 flu failed to generate the high levels of morbidity and mortality that had been predicted. However, profoundly negative repercussions did result from the vaccination program that was authorized by the US government, which rushed though a prototype vaccine without adequate testing before mass dissemination.85 Owing to the faulty production and insufficient testing of that vaccine, the provision of such vaccinations to the American people resulted in a significant number of people becoming afflicted with Guillain-Barre paralysis.86 The result was a storm of litigation against the manufacturers, which ultimately resulted in the courts’ awarding huge damage settlements to plaintiffs. Ultimately, owing to the litigation, the major US-based developers of vaccines were forced to relocate to Canada and to Europe. This situation persists in the twentyfirst century, greatly complicating domestic US ability to respond to a future influenza pandemic. As a result, the US is now almost completely dependent on vaccines produced abroad, and on the honoring of contractual obligations in the face of a global health emergency.
There is great concern about the geographical spread and the persistence of the H5N1 Avian Influenza that appears to be endogenized within the human ecology of Southeast Asia.87 The pathogen appears to be a highly lethal88 zoonosis with the unusual property of being able to jump directly from its natural avian reservoirs into human hosts.89 The virologists Jeffrey Taubenberger and David Morens argue that, despite our armamentarium of vaccines and antivirals, an emergent influenza pathogen that exhibited lethality of the same magnitude as the 1918 virus would kill more 100 million people today.90
In the domain of international commerce, the current strain of avian influenza has already inhibited flows of goods and people to a minor extent. During 2006 the European Union banned imports of poultry and bird products from Bulgaria, including wild birds, eggs, farmed and wild feathered game, and hatching eggs. Further, a regional ban was applied to all imports of poultry meat, eggs, and products from wild fowl. Current EU policies do not provide for compensation to farmers who incur losses as a result of declining public confidence in the safety of poultry.91 In the European context, the arrival of the virus has already resulted in reduced consumption of poultry, generating hundreds of millions of dollars in losses for that industry.92 According to the World Health Organization, the disease has already cost 300 million farmers more than $10 billion as a result of its spread through poultry.93
Moreover, the next pandemic has implications for the food security of affected countries, as it has already resulted in the culling of millions of birds. Joseph Domenech, chief veterinary officer of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, has cautioned that the spread of the epidemic may undercut nutrition: “If a poultry epidemic should develop beyond the boundaries of Nigeria the effects would be disastrous for the livelihoods and food security of millions of people.”94 This may explain why Nigerian officials were aware of the pathogen within their avian populations for 19 days before informing the public and the international community.95 Obviously, such deliberate obfuscation and delay can only undercut international attempts at containment.
In 2006, European countries reported the arrival of the H5N1 virus, which has made sporadic appearances in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria, Greece, Italy, Bulgaria, Poland, and Slovenia. Further, the disease is now apparently established in Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Croatia, Egypt, and Azerbaijan (all non-EU countries). EU governments continue to discuss plans to create a pan-European program to vaccinate poultry. In mid February 2006, EU governments announced a program of strict precautionary measures for containment. Specifically, they imposed a general rule that applies and enforces a quarantine and surveillance zone of about 10 kilometers around areas where the virus has been detected.96
Containment of the pathogen is likely to be problematic throughout much of Africa, since the slaughter of poultry stocks by government forces is typically not accompanied by reimbursement from the state in this region. As a result, farmers—particularly in Nigeria—have a significant economic disincentive to report unusual avian mortality. This limits surveillance and the execution of containment strategies. Further, many governments in Africa exhibit exceptionally low levels of fiscal capacity, and therefore may be unable to make effective compensation payments. According to former WHO Director Jong Wook Lee, the international community should create a mechanism to cover excess costs associated with such compensation, in order to ensure accurate surveillance and compliance throughout less developed countries.97
This situation is complicated by those societies that harbor a legacy of mistrust between civil society and the government, particularly those polities that are in the process of transition from authoritarian rule to nascent democracy. Moreover, the lack of government legitimacy, and education of the population, are also hampering efforts to control the influenza in Nigeria. According to the journalist Dulue Mbachu, “a wall of distrust between the government and most of the population is proving a major obstacle to fighting bird flu in Nigeria. The campaign is also hampered by poor infrastructure, lack of resources, and vast distances. In Nigeria, after decades of misrule by corrupt military and civilian regimes, the 70 percent of the population with little education or income has grown wary of all officialdom.”98
In the United States, Health and Human Services Secretary Michael Leavitt announced in 2006 that he had authorized the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to prepare a second vaccine to counter the H5N1 virus, based on the fact that the prior vaccine was based on samples taken from Thailand in 2004. Health officials now believe that the virus has undergone significant mutation since 2004, and that the form now circulating in Africa and Europe may exhibit significantly greater genetic variance than the prior variant.99 Although the United States currently possesses a stockpile of 5 million doses of Tamiflu (oseltamivir), in March 2006 it ordered 12.4 million more doses.100 Unfortunately, recent evidence suggests that certain strains of the virus are highly resistant to oseltamivir, and so the significant expense incurred in stockpiling the compound may not in fact result in the expected positive dividends of protecting the lives of the US public.
Early in 2006, the US Congress authorized $3.8 billion for the purchase of more vaccine and Tamiflu from the Swiss firm Roche and from the British firm GlaxoSmithKline.101 The central problem emanates from the global competition to procure a rather limited supply of anti-viral prophylaxis, while global production capacity remains inadequate. Compounding the problem, the US federal government has asked the states to create their own individual stockpiles, which may encourage hoarding by wealthier states (such as California and New York). There is currently no federal legal architecture that can compel these states to share their supplies in a cooperative manner to maximize efficiency should a pandemic occur. And there are no substantive international mechanisms to ensure the cooperation of sovereign states.
However, the necessity of developing protocols for international cooperation to combat emerging H5N1 strains has percolated into the upper echelons of the policy-making community, and Paula Dobriansky, former US Undersecretary of State for Global Affairs, has wisely argued for greatly increased international cooperation on the issue.102 Domestically, the current US strategy is to rely on actions taken abroad to contain the proliferation of the virus, but that is a dubious strategy on several grounds. First, there is enormous variance in the endogenous capacity of foreign states to conduct effective pathogenic surveillance and containment, ranging from the relatively robust capacity of the G-8 countries to the almost non-existent public health infrastructural capacity of states such as Haiti, Ghana, and Cambodia. The situation is exacerbated by perpetually feeble international regimes (including the revised International Health Regulations) and poorly funded international institutions (the WHO). While the WHO was reasonably effective in assisting sovereign states to contain SARS in 2003 (see chapter 5), in recent years the organization has witnessed the re-emergence of poliomyelitis virus in Africa and its spread back to South Asia,103 an inability to contain the burgeoning HIV/AIDS pandemic, and the continued proliferation of malaria, tuberculosis, and hepatitis around the world.
In the context of such weak international institutions, and with states serving their own material self-interests, we are likely to see less than optimal international cooperation in the face of a highly pathogenic pandemic influenza. The agents of international organizations have admitted as much. Mike Ryan of the WHO recently warned that global capacity for containment of the emerging pandemic is insufficient: “We truly feel that this present threat and any other threat like it is likely to stretch our global systems to the point of collapse.”104 Joseph Domenech, head of the UNFAO’s Animal Health Service, complained that the developed world had not done enough to contain the spread of the pathogen throughout the developing world, where countries have insufficient capacity for surveillance and control: “In 2004 we said there will be an international crisis if we don’t stop it in Asia, and this is exactly what is happening two years later. We were asking for emergency funds and they never came. We are constantly late.”105
The primary concern, then, is that a pandemic exhibiting pathogenicity similar to that of the 1918 virus would overwhelm institutions of governance in the G-8 countries, and to an even greater extent in the less developed countries. Arguably, the globalization of tightly coupled economic systems has made us more vulnerable to pathogen-induced disruptions than were our forebears in 1918. Furthermore, such vulnerability is exacerbated by the greatly increased speed of pathogenic transmission, courtesy of modern transportation technologies. Moreover, the SARS epidemic illustrated that the modern media and telecommunications technology may exacerbate economic damage through its rapid diffusion of anxiety, fear, and panic.
Within the United States, the capacity of institutions (both at the state and federal levels) to mitigate the negative externalities associated with an influenza pandemic is very much in doubt. Let us briefly examine the shortcomings at the level of the individual states. According to the dictates of the US Constitution, the individual states possess the legal authority to deal with crises in the domain of public health. However, there is enormous variation among the states in endogenous capacity, including human capital resources (i.e., trained personnel), pathogenic surveillance capacity, fiscal resources, health infrastructure, surge capacity in hospitals, and administrative preparedness for health emergencies. One might simply compare the state of New York, with its vast post-9/11 resources and augmented preparedness, to poorer states, such as North Dakota and New Mexico, which struggle to find the fiscal resources to conduct basic public health surveillance.
At the federal level, the United States’ capacity for response is inhibited by a number of factors. First and foremost is the lack of federal powers to deal with a public health emergency, which became quite evident during the Andrew Speaker affair during May and June of 2007. In that particular case, the CDC found itself beholden to the State of Georgia in its attempts to limit the movement of an individual infected with a rare and exceptionally drug-resistant strain of tuberculosis. Certainly, the US Congress could claim jurisdiction over public health emergencies through exercise of the Commerce Clause in order to grant federal bureaucracies such powers.106 A further problem results from the chronic fragmentation of oversight of health issues among (and within) the various federal bureaucracies, which possess degrees of overlapping jurisdiction in the domains of surveillance, management, and pathogenic containment. For example, the CDC often competes with the NIH within the Department of Health and Human Services over attribution, access to data, and funding. In the face of an avian influenza pandemic, HHS would have to cooperate not only with the states but also with the Departments of Homeland Security, Defense, Agriculture, Interior, Transportation, Commerce, and State. At present there is no cabinetlevel official tasked with coordinating a national response, and, as the exceptionally inept federal and state governmental responses to Hurricane Katrina indicated, cooperation between federal bureaucracies and between the federal government and the states cannot be taken for granted. Thus, to optimize the domestic response, a pandemic flu coordinator should be designated at the cabinet level.
In view of the problems evident in US domestic disaster response, the role of civil society remains integral to the provision of effective response in the face of pandemic influenza. In the face of the 1918 contagion, local Civil Defense Associations (i.e., trained civilian volunteers) provided information and assisted beleaguered health-care providers. As Putnam has documented, the gradual erosion of civil society and the consequent erosion of social capital in the United States107 bode ill for our collective capacity to respond. However, recognizing that civil society may constitute a powerful force for positive intervention, the country should invest in the promotion of preparedness through local civic organizations that can assist the government during such a crisis.
The case of the 1918 pandemic influenza is consonant with a republican reformulation of Realist theory. The pandemic represented a direct threat to the material interests of all countries, political suppression of data often prevented other states from knowing the conditions of affected states, rational decision-making was largely absent, and international cooperation on the issue was non-existent, despite the complex biological interdependence of affected polities. | <urn:uuid:352f439e-c3c2-4dbd-b38b-db4ab5d37542> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://covid-19.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/mwkn3ci5/release/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961368 | 12,252 | 3.28125 | 3 |
In addition to jeopardizing the health and welfare of the American public, this type of illegal behavior defrauds the federal government and U.S. taxpayers, costing billions of dollars annually.
Pharmaceutical companies are the entities most often responsible for pharmaceutical and FDA fraud, typically in cooperation with unscrupulous or uninformed medical professionals. The companies guilty of this behavior encourage doctors to prescribe medications for uses not approved by the FDA, offer financial incentives to doctors to prescribe certain drugs, participate in unsafe manufacturing and safety procedures that fail to comply with FDA regulations and/or fraudulently bill the government for drugs. These companies employ a number of different methods to perpetrate this fraudulent activity.
Examples of Pharmaceutical and FDA Fraud
Skirting FDA Quality and Control Procedures
The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act governs the processing, manufacturing, packing or holding of a drug in accordance with the Good Manufacturing Practice regulations to ensure safety and quality assurance. Failure to adhere to these regulations in the area of quality control, adequately equipped manufacturing facilities, properly trained staff, and accurate and comprehensive record-keeping for drug manufacturing is a method of pharmaceutical and FDA fraud. There is a wide range of areas in this highly regulated and complicated process where violations exist, resulting in fraud and other illegal activities.
These schemes include illegal marketing methods to medical professionals, such as financial kick-backs, expense-paid vacations cloaked as consulting trips for pharmaceutical providers and physicians, and granting speaker engagements on the basis of the professional’s involvement in illegal or unethical activities in the area of prescribing and charging methods for pharmaceuticals. Bribes, rebate programs and other forms of compensation for prescribing a specific drug is prohibited by federal law. Indirect compensation such as trips, tickets to events and paid speaking engagements are barred, as well.
Another onerous practice, known in the industry as “tying” is also illegal. This is the practice of offering a discount on one drug as encouragement for the purchase and prescribing of another drug. Federal law also bars other associated incentives, like rebates and discounted rates.
Off-label Drug Marketing
This is the promotion, marketing and selling of drugs for uses the FDA has not approved. Though doctors are not prohibited from prescribing medication for off-label use, it’s illegal for pharmaceutical companies to market drugs for off-label uses. Drug companies seek to increase their revenue by encouraging doctors to prescribe drugs for additional off-label uses, thereby raising the number of medications sold. The FDA regulates pharmaceuticals in the United States. The promotion of off-label uses by drug companies undercuts the efficacy standard. Some off-label use may be ineffective and unsafe, and by promoting this use without scientific analysis and research, data is not gathered to support or deny a finding of efficiency and safety. Allowing drug companies to engage in this type of unsafe activity unchecked removes any financial incentive for pharmaceutical companies to fund and conduct essential clinical trials to determine whether the off-label use is indeed effective, and even more importantly, whether it’s dangerous to the consuming public.
Government-funded Health Insurance Fraud
This is the practice of fraudulently obtaining reimbursements for pharmaceutical sales for health care insurance programs funded by the government, such as Medicaid and Medicare. This is typically accomplished by methods such as over-prescribing, off-label prescribing, and charging for unused medications that have been returned to the pharmacy providers. Prescribing unnecessary drugs or more medications than is medically required is known as upcoding. Failure by pharmaceutical companies and suppliers to provide government-mandated discounts is another one of these fraudulent methods.
Pharmaceutical Fraud and The False Claims Act
Employees and independent contractors who expose pharmaceutical and FDA fraud are protected from retaliation by federal legislation and many individual state statutes. These protections extend to the prevention of discriminatory actions such as termination, suspension, demotion, harassment, adverse alterations to the employee’s terms and conditions of employment and the threat of these actions.
Additionally, under the federal False Claims Act, whistleblowers may be able to file qui tam lawsuits on behalf of the government to recover moneys fraudulently obtained by these illegal practices and methods. The worker is eligible to recoup 15 to 30 percent of the funds recovered in a successful lawsuit. The recovery of funds for Pharmaceutical Fraud under the Federal False Claims Act is responsible for some of the largest the U.S. government financial recoveries. | <urn:uuid:781cfb0e-67bb-4639-a9e9-bbc0c7691da3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.whistleblowerinfo.com/pharmaceutical-fraud/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940797 | 902 | 2.421875 | 2 |
G. Noel Squires
Download Poster (1.0 MB)
There is no gold standard for evaluation, treatment, and prevention of keloids. Keloids are elevated fibrous scars that extend beyond the original borders of the wound, they do not regress and they tend to reoccur even after surgical excision. Individuals younger than 30, with elevated hormone levels and darker skin tend to be at higher risks for keloids. The most susceptible areas are on areas of high tension like the sternum, shoulders, upper arms, earlobes, and cheeks. Scars are generally evaluated by depth of elevated tissue, color, softness, shape, and orientation. The etiology of keloids is uncertain but it is theorized that genetics plays a factor. Systemic hypertension has been suggested to be an associative factor. The treatments most commonly used include corticosteroid injections, silicone sheeting, compression garments, scar massage, physical therapy, radiotherapy, laser therapy and cryotherapy. Due to the complex and unknown nature of keloids as well as the minimal evidence behind their treatment, this case report serves the purpose of evaluating effects of various modalities and exercises to reduce keloid formation and decrease any functional limitations that arose from it.
Masiak, Maggie, "Strengthening Exercises And Modalities To Prevent Growth Of Hypertrophic Scarring And Improve Wrist Strength And Mobility: A Case Report" (2015). Case Report Posters. Poster 52. | <urn:uuid:94960f28-0af9-4c07-9ad6-167b674e9c5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dune.une.edu/pt_studcrposter/52/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.89816 | 358 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Let us go somewhere else—to the nearby villages—so I can preach there also. That is why I have come. (Mark 1:38)
When you study the gospel biographies trying to understand how Jesus stewarded his time, one glaring truth jumps off the pages: Jesus was crazy purposeful. In the words of the great Dorothy Sayers, “Under all his gentleness there is a purpose harder than steel.” Nobody in Jerusalem had more things competing for their attention, and yet Jesus always seemed to be able to discern the essential from the noise.
No passage of Scripture illustrates this better than Mark 1:29-38. After driving out some evil spirits at the synagogue, Jesus healed Peter’s mother-in-law and a bunch of her neighbors. Understandably, the town’s residents wanted more of Jesus the next day. But Jesus said no. Why? Because he had already committed his time to a bigger yes. In response to the people’s request for more of his time, Jesus said, “Let us go somewhere else—to the nearby villages—so I can preach there also. That is why I have come” (Mark 1:38, emphasis mine).
Jesus understood his purpose and that allowed him to take the long list of things he could do and prioritize it down to the things he knew he should do to “finish the work the Father gave him to do” (John 17:4). And with his work prioritized, Jesus focused relentlessly.
Pastor Kevin DeYoung says that, “Jesus knew the difference between urgent and important. He understood that all the good things he could do were not necessarily the things he ought to do….If Jesus had to live with human limitations, we’d be foolish to think we don’t. The people on this planet who end up doing nothing are those who never realized they couldn’t do everything.”
Man, that’s good. Yet again, Jesus’s example leads us to a timeless principle for redeeming our time today. Here it is:
PRIORITIZE YOUR YESES
To redeem our time in the model of our Redeemer, we must decide what matters most and allow those choices to prioritize our commitments.
But let’s face it: This is easier said than done. We all have so many things on our to-do lists. How do we decide what matters most?
In my book, Redeeming Your Time, I share six practices to help you answer that question and model Jesus’s purposefulness. In this video, I share a glimpse at one of those practices, breaking down how bigger goals can help prioritize our yeses and the 5 reasons why Christians ought to set the most epic goals in the world. Watch here. | <urn:uuid:4d9358c4-dd8a-48b1-a044-35607845d7f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jordanraynor.com/twbw/jesus-and-a-purpose-harder-than-steel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962544 | 591 | 1.515625 | 2 |
joan didion on california, social responsibility and becoming a cultural icon
As a documentary charting her life comes to Netflix, the legendary author speaks to i-D about what she’s learned during her 50 years as a writer.
One of the greatest living writers of our times, over a 50-year career Joan Didion has morphed from critically acclaimed journalist and author to cultural commentator, sage, style icon and beyond. With a new Netflix documentary out now, we meet the woman whose writing has inspired a generation of authors, thinkers and activists.
"Why do I write? Impossible as it seems, I still don't know. I guess I write because it gives me pleasure, but beyond that I'm not sure." Joan Didion
Over your 50-year career, you've moved beyond the status of writer to cultural icon. How does that make you feel?
I would say it's neither a source of pride nor responsibility. It's just something that apparently happened. Certainly I'm grateful for it, because it tells me that I've had an audience.
Do you feel a social responsibility as a writer, or do you write to satisfy something within yourself?
I write to understand how I feel about things. As for a writer's social responsibilities -- I don't know what the right answer is there. When I've written about politics, for instance, I've always written with an eye toward the truth, not toward social responsibility. Maybe they're the same, but they have not seemed so to me.
California is a huge part of who you are, both as a woman and as a writer. What are your feelings towards California today?
I do and I always will hold it in the same regard. Naturally my thinking about California has changed. I don't know how though. Some of the things that I loved there have gone now. Amado Vazquez is gone. My house in Malibu is gone. The yellow magnolia in Brentwood is gone. My swimming pool. Yet even as I've lost all these aspects of what California was to me, I still think of it as home.
In what ways would your writing have been different had you only lived in New York?
It would have been totally different. Better not to think of that though.
Where do you feel you most belong?
I suppose in California. I love Hawaii but I don't belong there. It's very difficult to belong to a place you're not from.
Why do you write?
Why do I write? Impossible as it seems, I still don't know. I guess I write because it gives me pleasure, but beyond that I'm not sure.
Does the process of writing energise or exhaust you?
It exhausts me less than other things. Dinner parties are far more exhausting!
How do you think the digital world is shaping our attitudes towards the written word and the ways in which we both appreciate and absorb it?
I don't think it's making much difference one way or another. Then again, I still read the physical newspaper, so I may not be the right person to ask.
Do you think the new generation read as much as they should?
Perhaps not… Do they read with their children, for instance?
How important is honesty to you as a writer?
Honesty is everything to me as a writer and as a human being.
"The biggest misconception about me is that I'm weak. I am anything but." Joan Didion
You've said before, " I write entirely to find out what I'm thinking, what I'm looking at, what I see and what it means..." Have you always approached writing as a window to the world and to yourself?
I have since childhood approached writing that way. This has not changed at all. It's helpful in that if you do it right you can see what's really there.
Are you ever satisfied?
With something I've written? Yes. Sometimes I have been satisfied. These moments are unfortunately fleeting, but I treasure them.
When your work is published, do you ever feel if you have given a part of yourself away? And if so, do you ever feel remorseful?
I don't feel remorseful, unless it's because I feel I haven't given enough away. If I do feel I haven't given enough away, I start over.
In Slouching Towards Bethlehem , you wrote, " Writers are always selling somebody out" . Do you still stand by that statement, and if so, who have you sold out and how have you made peace with it?
Yes, I stand by it. I don't know that I've ever sold somebody out though.
Do you ever question your authority to tell a story?
How has writing changed your life?
How hasn't it?
Landscape and a sense of place are integral parts of your work. Where is your happy place?
My happiest place is Hawaii, though I haven't gone back since John died. After that it is Los Angeles, which I get to every once in a while.
Is there anywhere in the world you would still like to travel to?
Yes, lots of places. Sri Lanka. I always miss The Bristol in Paris.
What is the greatest life lesson you have learned?
What is the biggest misconception about you?
That I'm weak. I am anything but.
What books have had the greatest influence on your life, both personally and professionally?
Moby Dick, Victory, A Farewell to Arms and The Good Soldier.
What contemporary writers do you admire today?
I love W.S. Merwin. He writes perfect poems.
Do you believe the saying that "everyone has a book in them"?
No. I don't.
If you were stranded on a desert island, what could you not live without?
I could live without a book. I couldn't live without paper and pen.
"Honesty is everything to me as a writer and as a human being." Joan Didion | <urn:uuid:982f3bb6-f9b3-4a24-8445-2866e023c1c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/3kvk9y/joan-didion-interview-netflix-documentary-2017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.980725 | 1,257 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Designing an outdoor kitchen involves planning things a little differently than when making plans for a typical indoor kitchen. An outdoor kitchen will not be protected from the elements by being completely enclosed, so the design process must include accounting for factors like constant exposure to outdoor temperatures and various types of weather. Understanding the outdoor kitchen design process more fully will make it possible to plan an outdoor cooking area that will be fully functional while providing a wonderful and practical enhancement to any outdoor living area. A well-designed outdoor kitchen can provide family enjoyment and entertainment for years to come.
Good outdoor kitchen design begins with a budget. No one wants to realize they have run out of funds before their project is completed. Once the budget is set, decide what elements are absolute necessities. These will become a permanent part of the overall design plan. Things like cooking appliances, hearths, cabinetry, counters, and lighting belong on this list. As the design reveals certain fixed elements, it will be easier to determine what sort of budget is available for extras like decorations, outdoor rugs, and greenery.Envision the Finished Project
Because the design possibilities are endless, it is important to begin with a general vision of what the finished project should look like. Consider all the placement possibilities of all the different elements that will comprise the finished kitchen. The grill is likely to be the focal point, but that doesn’t have to be the case. Perhaps a new fireplace will be the center of attention, or maybe a wet bar. A modern outdoor kitchen design is ripe with possibility. Once those ideas are on paper, the next step will be choosing materials.
Outdoor Kitchen Materials
Deciding which materials to use can seem like a challenge. There are so many choices that it is important to understand the different options in order to design a space properly. The ideal outdoor kitchen will not only be fully functional, but also aesthetically pleasing. Deciding on materials early on in the process makes it easier to create a cohesive, complementary design. The following materials represent just a few excellent, weather-resistant choices for modern outdoor kitchen design.
Extira is a treated wood composite panel that resists moisture, rot, and termites. It is a better choice than MDF, wood, or plywood because of its superior resistance properties. It is exterior grade, which makes it a great choice for outdoor kitchen designs. Implementing complex geometric designs can affect the properties of wood composite panels, so check with the manufacturer before planning to use this material in visually complicated design projects.
Seaboard is a high density polyethylene sheet that is specifically formulated to stand up to the adverse conditions of an outdoor living space. It is food safe, which makes it excellent for outdoor kitchens. Seaboard can be used in cabinetry and doors.
Naturekast makes cabinets that are 100% waterproof. High-density resin technology makes it possible to get visually stunning cabinets, including some that have the look of real weathered cypress without the warping you can eventually expect from real wood.
Stainless Steel Cabinets
Stainless steel cabinets can handle outdoor environments well. There are many different brands that offer outdoor steel cabinets. This material is an excellent choice for its durability and general weather resistance, but too much of it can work against a relaxed outdoor look. Mixed with a variety of other textures, however, stainless steel can be the foundation for a sleek, pulled together look.
Challenger creates custom outdoor cabinets in a variety of colors and textures. It also offers a variety of standard models in classic stainless steel. The company specializes in creating elegant products that inspire entertainment while being durable and very weather-resistant.
Creating a Cohesive Design
Once the materials have been chosen, it is important to look at all the different materials together to ensure cohesion. Good design involves using a variety of colors and textures that work well together to create a unified look. It is not necessary to make everything match. Using several different material types that complement one another is a good indication of well-planned design.
Choosing a Contractor
Many homeowners choose to create their outdoor kitchen on their own as a do-it-yourself project. However, for permanent installations, and especially when structural changes are being made to a home’s exterior layout, it is important to hire a licensed contractor to make sure the chosen design will work without interfering with building codes. When talking with different contractors, asking about their experience with similar projects may help in choosing on the perfect one to work with.
Implementing the Design
As the design begins to take shape in reality, it may become obvious that certain changes are needed. Early on, it is still possible to tweak designs. Paying close attention during this phase of the process can render it possible to change individual elements of the plan as necessary. Before any structural work has begun, it is important to be absolutely certain about the related design choices. Changing the plan after structural work has gotten started can be extremely costly.
Good outdoor kitchen design involves a great deal of planning and a good eye for design. The end result of a successful design is having a highly functional outdoor cooking area that can accommodate the needs of even the most inventive chef. Having a place to grill is no longer the standard for an outdoor kitchen. The bar has been raised in the last few decades, and the best outdoor kitchens provide places not only to grill, but also to braise, fry, and even bake. A well-designed outdoor kitchen can not only add value to a home, but can also provide years worth of entertainment for family and friends who enjoy spending time outdoors together while bonding over good food.
Whether it is Kitchen Remodeling, Bathroom Remodeling or to decorate an entire home, our designers can help guide you on your project. With their expertise in home design, they can lead you in the right direction. Cabinet Genies has been serving homeowners in the greater Southwest Florida area for over 40 years now. For overall assistance designing a kitchen or bathroom, give us a call at (239)458-8563. | <urn:uuid:8e250118-560d-49b7-8366-8bb5f862c57f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cabinetgenies.com/outdoor-kitchen-design-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94883 | 1,252 | 1.773438 | 2 |
BOWLING GREEN, Ky. (AP) Bobby Paisley’s health insurance covers his vision and dental care. He knows, because he and his wife pay for it.
“I don’t have to do community service, I don’t have to earn points and I don’t have to wait,” he said.
But that’s exactly what some 400,000 Kentuckians would have to do if they need an eye exam or a tooth pulled under Gov. Matt Bevin’s proposal to overhaul the state’s Medicaid program. Bevin’s plan, announced last week, would eliminate dental and vision coverage for able-bodied Medicaid beneficiaries, but they could earn those benefits back by getting a job, volunteering for a charity or taking a class at a community college.
Bevin calls it “community engagement,” saying it is key to inspiring Kentucky’s Medicaid beneficiaries to take control of their health and save the state money. But for Paisely and about 150 advocates and consumers who showed up in Bowling Green on Tuesday for the administration’s first public hearing on the plan, Bevin’s proposal would do more harm than good.
“I find it to be a little discriminatory,” Paisley said. “I feel like we are alienating a sector of the market because they are impoverished and don’t have the ability to pay for health coverage.”
Kentucky was one of 32 states that expanded its Medicaid program under President Barack Obama’s Affordable Care Act. As a result, about 400,000 people got health insurance in Kentucky, dropping the state’s uninsured rate to 7.5 percent from 20 percent, among the largest drops in the country.
Kentucky taxpayers will begin paying for a portion of that expansion beginning in January. It’s expected to cost $257 million over the next two years. Bevin, a Republican who took office in December, says the state can’t afford it, noting the state’s Medicaid program is already running at a $700 million loss. He plans to ask the federal government for permission to change the state’s Medicaid program, with the goal of moving people off government assistance and into the private insurance market.
Bevin will submit the plan to the federal government, which must approve any Medicaid changes, by Aug. 1.
So far, federal officials have been unwilling to approve work requirements as a condition for receiving benefits, most recently in Indiana, which Bevin cited as a model for his plan. Last week, Bevin said he is willing to negotiate with the federal government, but that if his plan is not ultimately approved he will repeal the expanded Medicaid program completely.
Health care advocates and providers worry Bevin’s proposal will take away health insurance from the people who need it the most. Of the 22 people who spoke Tuesday on the campus of Western Kentucky University_mostly providers and advocates_none supported it. Many criticized Bevin for wanting to eliminate dental coverage. Right now, Medicaid pays for things like fillings and tooth extractions. Those would be eliminated for able-bodied adults under Bevin’s plan, offered only as an incentive for completing various community engagement tasks. Other perks for completing certain tasks include gym memberships.
“It is comical to place dental care on the same level as a gym membership,” said Brandon Taylor, a dentist who said Medicaid patients make up 92 percent of his nonprofit clinic in Owensboro. He said he Medicaid lets him charge $40 to pull a tooth, while a visit to the emergency room would cost more than $750.
Vickie Yates Brown Glisson, Bevin’s secretary of the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, said she did not consider the hearing to be “a backlash” against the proposal. She called the comments “legitimate questions” and said hopes to address them. She emphasized the proposal would not affect beneficiaries who are disabled or participate in a Medicaid waiver. And she defended the work or volunteer requirements for able-bodied adults.
“We want to encourage individuals to be able to take charge of their own health care as much as possible,” she said.
This story has been corrected to say about 150 people attended the hearing, not several hundred. | <urn:uuid:3d89e172-0f28-4fbb-ae6c-10049812ca4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.orovillemr.com/2016/06/28/advocates-criticize-kentuckys-proposed-medicaid-overhaul/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964871 | 906 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Making physics fun
Mount Holyoke alum Tamia Williams ’18 combines her love of science and art to teach others how to enjoy physics.
Tamia Williams ’18 was first introduced to physics in high school. “I was looking at all the classes I could take and I remember physics sticking out. I wanted to learn more,” she said. Her first physics class didn’t come until her junior year, but after a few lessons, she was hooked and knew she wanted to study the subject deeper in college.
When she arrived at Mount Holyoke College in 2014, her advisor was supportive of her pursuing the subject. “I remember her saying ‘We need more scientists and physicists like you!’ So I thought ‘Well, okay, if you need me, I’ll do it,’” she said, chuckling at the thought.
According to the American Physical Society, in 2018, the year Williams graduated, only 3%of people who graduated with a bachelor’s degree in physics were Black — and she was one of them. Williams’ parents are from the Caribbean and she was born and raised in New York City. She is the first in her family to pursue a physics degree.
Studying physics, while rewarding, was onerous. The work was difficult and she was one of the few Black women in her major. “It was one of the more challenging things I’d encountered,” she said. “I spent a lot of time in the physics lounge.”
Then, during the summer before her senior year, she began to work on her thesis and think about what life after Mount Holyoke could look like. “I wanted to make physics more relatable and equitable, but also wanted to use my performing arts background,” she said.
Williams had always been drawn to the arts. “I’ve always been an artist. I painted and crocheted, danced as a kid. I’ve just always been really artistically inclined.” She pursued a double major in theater arts, which quickly became a welcome escape from science labs and quantitative work.
“When I got to Mount Holyoke, theater became a coping mechanism. It allowed me to make art, challenge myself in creative ways, be whoever I wanted to be,” she said. It was important to her that she found a way to merge her two passions for her senior thesis. She decided to interview Black physicists from all over the world about what led them to physics as well as how, and if, their interest in the subject intersected with performing arts.
Through more than a dozen interviews, she found a community — a group of Black scientists who had similar and differing experiences to hers. Suddenly, her chosen field of study didn’t feel so small.
Today, Williams is a middle school science teacher at a magnet school in the Bronx. She’s taken what she gleaned from her thesis at Mount Holyoke and applied it to her lesson plans to get her students, who are mostly students of color, excited about science. She says making it relatable and fun has been key.
“It’s not something we see in our communities. When you go to family gatherings, no one is talking about physics theory. We’re talking about pop culture and things that are dynamic to who we are,” Williams said. “The vernacular in academic culture doesn’t mirror the words we use in the Black community, so finding ways to translate that was something that needed to be done to get young people excited about science.”
For Williams, the best way to do that was through art. “In the Black community, you probably grew up doing some type of art, whether it was singing in church choir, or dancing,” she said. “I knew my students could relate to that in some way.”
Her lessons show students how physics can affect facets of performing arts, such as the way a ballerina moves. She also wants her students to understand that anyone can be a scientist. Recently, she asked her students to describe what a scientist looks like. Many of them named the Cartoon Network’s Dexter, from “Dexter’s Laboratory.” Some named Bill Nye the Science Guy. Her goal is to show her students and others that science isn’t just for a certain type of person.
“I always hope I can inspire someone to take up science and make it their own,” Williams said. “We have to stop thinking of science as this technical thing. It’s a space where we’re allowed to be creative and make it fun, accessible and equitable for everyone.” | <urn:uuid:44cc48a2-00b9-49f7-a2f8-4effa72d86ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mtholyoke.edu/news/news-stories/making-physics-fun | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.985246 | 1,003 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Over the past decade, Portland police have shot and killed 19 people.
Of the 13 people shot after Keaton Otis, only one was African American: a 17-year-old boy suspected in an armed robbery killed last month.
Police said the teenager, Quanice Hayes, had a replica gun, but are still investigating and haven't said what led a police officer to shoot him. Many of the 19, including Otis, were suffering from some sort of mental crisis at the time.
Many also had pointed a weapon at officers, often a gun or a look-alike gun, but also knives, even a crowbar. Otis' case stands out because he shot an officer. The only other instance among the 19 came in 2014, when a fugitive kidnapping suspect shot Officer John Romero in the hand near Wilson High School.
Cody Berne, now a Multnomah County prosecutor, was among three officers in two cars who tried to pull Otis over on May 12, 2010. They were members of the Hotspot Enforcement Action Team, charged with reducing illegal gun possession and gang violence. When Otis didn't stop for five or six blocks, other officers from the team responded as back-up, according to the police accounting of events.
At the time of the shooting, seven officers had converged on a side street three blocks west of the Lloyd Center shopping mall.
Part of the controversy stems from a statement made by Officer Ryan Foote three days later. Foote told a Portland detective who was investigating the shooting that he initiated the stop because he thought Otis "kind of looks like he could be a gangster." Foote said Otis had stared at him strangely through a side view mirror and wore a hoodie on the unusually warm afternoon.
Berne, who was in the other car, had been talking with Foote over the radio. Berne said he thought police had good reason to pull Otis over after Otis hastily cut across three lanes of traffic directly in front of Berne's unmarked car without properly signaling for 100 feet first.
Immediately, the traffic stop went bad, according to police and witnesses. Otis screamed and swore at the officers. He wouldn't get out of the car when ordered, even after Officer Chris Burley tried to pull him out and three officers used stun guns on him.
Berne never spoke to Otis. Police say that when Otis pulled out a Taurus Millennium 9 mm semi-automatic handgun and shot Burley twice in the legs, Berne and fellow officers James Defrain and Andrew Polas fired a total of 32 bullets in response and 23 of them struck Otis. Otis died at the scene.
Sixteen days later, a grand jury cleared the officers of any criminal wrongdoing after listening to 44 witnesses testify over four days. The Police Bureau's Use of Force Board found the shooting fell within bureau policy.
Outside consultants, OIR Group, hired by the city found that the officers had "race-neutral reasons" for pulling over Otis, but noted that a portion of the community believes Otis was stopped because he was black. The Police Bureau "still has work to do in educating its members and community with the public on these sensitive issues," the consultants wrote.
Portland police use of force against people with mental illness, including Otis, prompted a federal investigation in 2011 and findings in 2012 that the bureau "engages in a pattern or practice" of excessive force against people perceived to have mental illness. Reforms included reinstatement of a team of specially trained officers to be called out to respond to people in mental crisis.
Otis' mother, Felesia Otis, didn't return calls seeking an interview for this story, but told The Oregonian/OregonLive in 2014 that she had tried to get her son help as the once bright and artistic boy -- a graduate of Benson Polytechnic High School -- started slipping into the throes of mental illness in his early 20s.
Felesia Otis said she didn't blame the officers -- including Berne -- or think that they shot her son because he was black. Instead, she has focused on fixing a system that makes it so difficult for families to involuntarily commit loved ones to a psychiatric care.
-- Aimee Green | <urn:uuid:2c46c72e-f930-44f0-ba8e-a5d620cce1d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2017/03/19_people_killed_in_past_decad.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.981244 | 878 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Found in 31 Collections and/or Records:
Subjects include the Trades Union Congress, Conservative Party, House of Lords and pension reform, also including correspondence with Sir Tufton Beamish on "One Europe".
Public and Political: General: Political: arrangements for the Conservative Party Conference at Llandudno [Carnarvonshire, Wales], October 1948., Jan 1948 - Jun 1949
Public and Political: General: Political: Conservative Party answers to election questionnaires., 1951
Contains questions and answers prepared by Conservative and Unionist Central Office on a variety of election issues including: agricultural matters; animal welfare; various aspects of foreign affairs including China, Germany, Japan, Persia [Iran], South Africa, and Mexico; civil servants; education; housing matters; the health service; women; transport particularly by road; pensions; economic affairs including taxation; the constitutional position of Scotland and Wales.
Public and Political: General: Political: Conservative Party literature for the 1951 election., 1951
Includes copies of: the Conservative election manifesto; leaflets and pamphlets issued by Conservative and Unionist Central Office and others; editions of the Sunday Dispatch and the Northern Echo; leaflets on voting.Subjects covered include: international affairs, including the Empire, the Commonwealth and Europe; national output, nationalisation and other industrial matters; housing matters; food supplies; old-age pensions; families; farming; rail transport.
Public and Political: General: Political: Conservative Party manifesto [for the 1950 election]: correspondence, proofs and drafts., Dec 1949 - Jan 1950
Public and Political: General: Political: statement of Conservative Party policy: correspondence, proofs, and pamphlets., May 1949 - Jul 1949
Speeches: House of Commons and Non-House of Commons: Speech notes and source material., 10 Dec 1948 - 10 Oct 1953
Speeches: House of Commons and Non-House of Commons: Speech notes and source material., 09 Oct 1954 - 08 Dec 1954
Speeches: House of Commons and Non-House of Commons: Speech notes, source material and Hansard., 25 Jan 1955 - 28 Mar 1955
Speeches: Non House of Commons: Speech notes, typescript and press cuttings., 25 Apr 1925 - 15 Dec 1925
The UK Archival Thesaurus has been integrated with our catalogue, thanks to Kings College London and the AIM25 project for their support with this. | <urn:uuid:384971e3-0483-471a-b782-25ad3e03bc12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/subjects/14671?&filter_fields%5B%5D=published_agents&filter_values%5B%5D=Conservative+Party | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.880874 | 490 | 1.742188 | 2 |
There are 4 item(s) tagged with the keyword "trans-siberian railway".
Displaying: 1 - 4 of 4
Second-class travelers on Russian trains may soon be required to take turns with their neighbors to use their compartment's table.
Readers send us their stories of interesting train journeys and interactions.
There may be no better way to understand Russia than spending a few days chugging across the country by train. Here are our tips for how to make the most of it.
In 1891, Russian Tsar Alexander III signed a document initiating the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. And not only is it the longest railway in the world; it's got some interesting stops along the line, too.
Didn't find what you were looking for? Refine your search and try again.
Russian Life is a publication of a 30-year-young, award-winning publishing house that creates a bimonthly magazine, books, maps, and other products for Russophiles the world over.
PO Box 567
Montpelier VT 05601-0567 | <urn:uuid:25e178b1-0c88-416c-9d07-5443267ba830> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://russianlife.com/discover/events/tag/trans-siberian%20railway/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933481 | 246 | 2.125 | 2 |
Since schools have closed in response to the coronavirus pandemic, parents and teachers of elementary and middle school students have been working hard to foster a climate in which students can succeed in an online learning environment.
It hasn’t been easy for parents, students or teachers. But Cheryl C. Durwin, a parent and professor of psychology whose expertise is in educational psychology, has offered suggestions on how to make this transition easier and more effective for all. She is also a parent.
“Educational psychology, the science of linking psychology to educational practice, can provide us with some evidence-based tips for remote education,” Durwin said.
Tips for parents:
“We parents need to realize that we are not our children’s teachers, nor are we actually homeschooling our children,” she said. “Our focus should be on providing the right amount of structure and support for their learning.”
*Establish developmentally appropriate expectations. For example, younger children with shorter attention spans cannot sit and focus for long periods of time and may need more direct assistance and monitoring from parents. But students in upper elementary through middle school grades should be allowed greater independence in completing their work with assistance as needed. This will give them experience at monitoring and evaluating their own progress, an important self-regulatory skill of successful learners.
*Create a designated workspace and schedule for your child. A designated workspace simulates conditions that students experience at school. Sitting at a desk or table facilitates concentration and reduces distractions that occur when students sit in front of a TV or on their bed. Creating a flexible schedule for your child prevents procrastination and teaches them time management, another important self-regulatory skill. Older children can create their own schedules with assistance from parents as needed.
*Try to maintain typical family routines. Keeping routines creates a sense of normalcy in your home and eases children’s anxiety about these uncertain circumstances. It is important for your child to get enough sleep and keep a “school night” bedtime and waking schedule. Sleep is important for strengthening memory of learned information. Continuing to read with your children is also important, especially for those in grades K-3.
Tips for students:
“Students should remember that remote education requires the same types of effective learning strategies as face-to-face learning,” Durwin said. “These practices are even more important while learning remotely as the lines between home and school become blurred.”
*Put all electronic devices away. Contrary to popular belief, multitasking is an educational myth. We do not perform two tasks at once, such as completing a learning activity and checking Snapchat. Rather, we alternate our attention between the two tasks, which causes us to take longer and make more errors, especially on the learning task! For optimal attention and performance, put electronic devices out of sight, not just face down or on silent mode.
*Take frequent breaks and spread out learning activities. Working in small chunks of time with breaks for physical activity enhances a learner’s attention and working memory and results in improved academic performance. Also, learning and studying information over multiple days is more effective than cramming material into one long session. For example, if an assignment is due at the end of the week, it is better to complete a little each day, reviewing your work from the previous day and adding to it, rather than completing it all in one sitting the day before the deadline.
*Reward yourself for a job well done. Teachers use small rewards for effort, mastery, and achieving goals to promote students’ intrinsic motivation and encourage them to keep working hard. Likewise, you can reward yourself after diligently completing a learning activity by choosing a preferred activity, such as checking social media, listening to music or having a snack.
Tips for teachers:
“Teachers should be reassured that there is no single correct approach to effectively delivering remote instruction,” Durwin said. “This issue involves various factors, such as the school district’s resources, technology platforms, student population, subject area, and grade level, much of which is out of the teacher’s control. My tips for teachers focus on methods that are within their control.”
*Create a sense of belonging. For many students, the transition to remote learning was sudden with no chance to say goodbye to friends and teachers. Therefore, it is important for you to create a virtual learning environment where students feel connected. You should be accessible daily (while preserving your own personal time). Also, although no one expects you to perfectly replicate your classroom approaches, remember that remote instruction is not just assigning content for students to tackle on their own. Think of ways you can interact with your students, as well as seek opportunities for peer-to-peer interaction.
*Keep workload manageable. Realize that you cannot accomplish all the learning objectives and activities that you would have in your actual classroom. Also, the time allotted for a learning activity in class may take students much longer to complete on their own. It is a good idea to break activities into smaller, manageable tasks with separate deadlines. This helps students set short-term, achievable goals, which is important for encouraging a sense of mastery.
*Focus on meaningful learning. This means encouraging a deep understanding of content in which newly learned information is related to prior knowledge and real-life experiences. Meaningful remote learning can be accomplished in many ways and will depend on the subject and grade level. For reading and math, provide students with spaced practice of skills and problem solving. For subjects such as science, social studies, and language arts, you can create learning activities that encourage open-ended explanations, experimentation, problem-solving, writing and real-life application.
(These suggestions are based on content from EdPsych Modules, published by Sage Publications and co-authored by Cheryl C. Durwin, professor of psychology at SCSU, and Marla Reese-Weber, associate dean in the College of Arts and Sciences at Illinois State University.) | <urn:uuid:20645af8-1a09-416a-8b61-a52daffe58a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.southernct.edu/2020/04/24/remote-learning-tips-for-k-8-students-parents-and-teachers-during-pandemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956447 | 1,241 | 3.515625 | 4 |
The Boulder County Clerk's Office maintains public records for a county, including vital documents like birth certificates and marriage licenses, as well as Boulder County permits. Clerks in Boulder County, Colorado may be responsible for filing and issuing county permits, including building permits, land use permits, access permits, utility permits, and special event permits. These permits may be required for installing or repairing septic systems, demonstrating that a building meets fire codes and other building codes, demolition, repairs, renovations, and adjusting boundary lines. They may also be required for temporary events, reserving public property, or a number of land development uses. The Boulder County Clerk Office can provide information on how to apply for a Boulder County permit or how to check if a permit is valid, and their permit information and records are usually available online.
Boulder County Clerk Boulder CO 1750 33rd Street 80301 303-413-7770
Boulder County Clerk Lafayette CO 1376 Miners Drive 80026 303-413-7700
Colorado State Clerk Boulder CO 1777 6th Street 80302 303-441-3750
A Boulder County Building Department creates and enforces building codes and zoning rules to ensure the construction of safe buildings. As part of their job, Building Departments in Boulder County, Colorado issue and file building permits. These county permits may be required for renovations, demolition, repairs, land development, and installing or repairing septic systems. Boulder County permits can show if a building meets fire codes and other building codes, which may be called a certificate of zoning compliance. These Boulder County public records can be used to prove a building project has a valid permit or to look up building permit rules, apply for a permit, or see approved permits. Building Departments often provide online access to county permit information and records.
Boulder Building Department, Planning and Zoning Boulder CO 1739 Broadway 80302 303-441-1880
Longmont Building Department Longmont CO 385 Kimbark Street 80501 303-651-8332
Longmont Planning and Zoning Department Longmont CO 385 Kimbark Street 80501 303-651-8330
Louisville Zoning Louisville CO 749 Main Street 80027 303-335-4592
A Boulder County Town or City Hall provides municipal services for their community, which can include issuing and filing permits. These county permits may be required for a number of building projects, including renovations, demolitions, repairs, land development, and zoning compliance. In addition to building permits, Town and City Halls in Boulder County, Colorado may also issue land use permits related to boundary lines, private roads, addresses, and water systems, as well as access permits, utility permits, and special event permits. These records can be used to prove that a project has a valid permit or to look up county permit rules, apply for a permit in Boulder County, or see approved permits. Town and City Halls typically provide online access to their county permit records.
Boulder City Hall Boulder CO 118 Main Street 80302 303-449-1806
Jamestown Town Hall Jamestown CO 118 MAIN St 80455 303-449-1806
Lafayette City Hall Lafayette CO 415 North 111th Street 80026 303-665-5588
Louisville City Hall Louisville CO 749 Main St 80027 303-666-6565
Lyons Town Hall Lyons CO 432 5th Avenue 80540 303-823-6622
Nederland Town Hall Nederland CO 45 West 1st Street 80466 303-258-3266
Superior Town Hall Superior CO 124 East Coal Creek Drive 80027 303-499-3675
A Boulder County Code Enforcement Office is responsible for ensuring compliance with building codes as well as other rules and regulations. As part of enforcing building codes and zoning regulations, Code Enforcement Offices in Boulder County, Colorado may issue county permits. These Boulder County permits can be required for land development, installing septic systems, demolition, repairs, and renovations. They may also be required to show that a building meets fire codes and other building codes, which may be known as a certificate of zoning compliance. These Boulder County public records can also show if a building had a valid permit, and they can be used to look up building permit rules, apply for a permit, or see approved permits. Code Enforcement Offices typically provide online access to their county permit records.
Boulder Housing Code Enforcement Boulder CO 1300 Canyon Boulevard 80302 303-441-1880 | <urn:uuid:0ca8a338-4760-45ab-ab9a-3377b5faae52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.countypermit.org/co-boulder-county/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.881278 | 918 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Maybe due to the fact it’s far close to the stop of summer time, perhaps it turned into simply twist of fate, however there had been numerous exclusive articles I noticed at the net this week concerning the consumption of soda inside the United States.
I realize that is a difficult issue to discuss on so many distinctive levels. I become ingesting soda at a young age. In my mother and father’ residence it turned into constantly weight-reduction plan soda so I didn’t always get all of the sugar, however I honestly got all the delivered chemical compounds. Artificial sweeteners are an entire special area that I am now not even going to try to contact on now.
I remember going to the dorms in university and all the soda you could drink. Then restaurants started with the free refills to the point we are at nowadays that the short meals places simply give you the cup and let you refill at the sodas all by means of your self.
The first article I examine changed into approximately how the governor of NY and the mayor of New York City and a novel way that they wanted to approach the upward thrust of obesity that they have been seeing just in NY. They asked the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) to place a ban on the usage of food stamps to buy soda and different sugar-encumbered drinks.
“Bloomberg first proposed the ban at the side of Governor David Paterson in October 2010, pointing to the excessive energy ate up through sugary gentle drinks. The average American consumes the equivalent of 555 cans of soda according to 12 months. One in ten Americans drinks soda at breakfast and 70 percentage of all soda income are of sweetened drinks, that can contain almost forty grams of sugar in keeping with serving.”
And despite the fact that an estimated 6% of all food stamps are spent on those high fructose corn syrup beverages the USDA stated NO. Logistically this is probably too difficult… And as a result health may be negatively affected.
The 2nd article was on MSNBC and it essentially spoke to the good sized intake of sugary liquids with a few people ingesting the equivalent of four cans an afternoon (that’s over 1200 cans a 12 months!) Male teenagers had the best consumption with young guys (20-39) coming in 2nd. One in ten Americans drink soda for breakfast.
From the thing: “The American Heart Association recommends getting no extra than 450 calories a week from sugar-sweetened drinks, or less than 3 cans of soda. Sugary drinks were linked to weight gain, weight problems and sort 2 diabetes. Many schools have stopped selling soda or synthetic juices.”
I actually have already mentioned within the beyond that sodas purpose lots of irreversible damage to enamel, each within the excessive sugar content material and the typically excessive acidity of the beverages and the capability for this to purpose irreversible erosion of enamel shape. | <urn:uuid:c3de0239-7d68-40f8-b303-0d85ca577089> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://cottagecrafts.ga/soda-was-all-over-the-news.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961111 | 593 | 2.03125 | 2 |
CDC Director Rochelle Walensky is overruling the guidance provided by her scientific advisers and is recommending that health workers, teachers and other essential workers take ‘booster shots’ in what even the New York Times is characterizing as an ‘unusual’ ruling.
The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday overruled a recommendation by an agency advisory panel that had refused to endorse booster shots of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid vaccine for frontline workers. It was a highly unusual move for the director, Dr. Rochelle Walensky, but aligned C.D.C. policy with the Food and Drug Administration’s endorsements over her own agency’s advisers.
The C.D.C.’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices on Thursday recommended the boosters for a wide range of Americans, including tens of millions of older adults and younger people at high risk for the disease. But they excluded health care workers, teachers and others whose jobs put them at risk. That put their recommendations at odds with the F.D.A.’s authorization of booster shots for all adults with a high occupational risk.
The New York Times even noted that the White House had been ‘getting ahead of the regulatory process,’ which is a euphemistic way of stating that it has been politicizing the entire process.
Dr. Walensky’s decision was a boost for President Biden’s campaign to give a broad segment of Americans access to boosters. The White House had come under criticism for getting ahead of the regulatory process.
The White House could begin promoting and rolling out a plan for booster shots as soon as Friday. That would be in keeping with the administration’s previously announced plan to offer the additional doses this week.
Biden indeed delivered remarks backing the boosters on Friday, raising questions about a directive having earlier been given to the CDC to overrule the scientific panel.
The FDA’s advisers recently delivered the Biden administration a policy defeat and rejected a plan to offer booster shots of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid vaccine to those ages 16 to 65. The FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee delivered the Biden proposal a defeat of 16-2. However, the vote was non-binding and a final FDA vote is forthcoming.
“Over several hours of discussion, members of the Food and Drug Administration panel of outside experts voiced frustration that Pfizer had provided little data on safety of extra doses,” the Associated Press reported. “And they complained that data provided by Israeli researchers about their booster campaign might not be suitable for predicting the U.S. experience.”
“It’s unclear that everyone needs to be boosted, other than a subset of the population that clearly would be at high risk for serious disease,” Michael Kurilla, a committee member with the National Institutes of Health, said.
Dr. Rochelle Walensky’s overruling of the CDC panel would not be the first illustration of the politicized nature of the agency’s decision-making. The CDC in May issued guidance that it was unnecessary for vaccinated Americans to wear masks indoors and outside. But a subsequent flurry of emails show that displeased teacher’s unions — not the “science” — caused the CDC to back out on its guidance. It would subsequently issue stricter school guidelines that contradicted its previous May 13 guidance.
The BIden administration and its puppet at the CDC are playing political games with Americans’ health. It has become so obvious that even the New York Times is taking note. | <urn:uuid:6ccf4582-ea67-4610-98e1-0497d9e94fe7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beckernews.com/cdc-director-overrules-science-advisers-who-refuse-to-authorize-more-covid-vaccine-shots-calls-for-boosters-41849/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960117 | 752 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The Tax Policy Center has a new estimate of tax rates under President Obama's budget in the next ten years. What won't surprise you is that taxes are going up -- way, way up -- on the richest percentile. What might surprise you is that taxes are also going up on just about everybody else, too, despite the president's campaign promise to not raise taxes on families making less than $200,000.
Politico and other publications are making a lot of hay about these higher middle-class taxes, which mostly come from cigarette taxes and a new inflation measure called chained-CPI. But when you dig into the numbers, it's not really a middle-class tax "hit" so much as a very light tap.
Families making between $50,000 and $75,000 would see an average federal tax hike of $63. That's a cheap dinner for four at Applebee's. Families making between $100K-$200K would pay an extra $150 per year. That's a cheap dinner for four at the Palm. That's not not money. It's definitely money! And in the aggregate, it adds up. But, c'mon, are we really going to make a big deal about an extra $12/month in federal taxes for couples making $180,000?
The real story here is that Obama's tax plan is both aggressive and progressive. [See update under the graph above.] Total effective tax rates, which hit a 30-year low of 17% in 2009, are on track to break 24% in 2023. That would be the highest share of the U.S. economy going to Washington since the 1970s. Most of that burden would fall on families making more than $400,000 a year, who saw both a tax rate increase in January and face a tax deduction cap in the new budget.
Here's the graph of each quintile's rising effective tax rate (I'm comparing to 2007 because emergency tax credits passed to fight the recession in 2008/9 make the comparison look too stark) ...
... and here's a look at rising tax rates on the highest earners.
The takeaway here is fairly clear. Taxes are going up on everybody, a little. As well they should, given the growth in projected Social Security and health spending. But they're really going up on the very richest -- who are making more and more of total income, anyway.
Don't let the "middle class tax hit!" articles distract you from the big picture here, which is that Obama's tax plan is, in a nutshell: Everybody pays a little more + rich pay a lot more = modern historical high in effective federal taxes. | <urn:uuid:6e7e1c20-460e-4928-8ba1-2b70e24bbe24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/04/obamas-budget-would-lead-to-the-highest-federal-tax-rate-in-4-decades/275235/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97212 | 548 | 1.875 | 2 |
Cross sections for electron and photon processes required by electrontransport calculations by James Mack Peek Download PDF EPUB FB2
Electron transport calculations rely on a large collection of electron-atom and photon-atom cross section data to represent the response characteristics of the target medium.
These basic atomic-physics quantities and certain qualities derived from them that are now commonly in use, are critically reviewed. Get this from a library. Cross sections for electron and photon processes required by electrontransport calculations.
[James Mack Peek; United States. Department of Energy.; Sandia Laboratories.; Sandia Laboratories. Theoretical Division ]. Electron transport codes require extensive information on the cross sections that govern electron interactions with the atoms that make up the medium.
These processes include bremsstrahlung production in the atomic field, excitation and ionization of atomic electrons, and elastic scattering by screened atomic by: This paper describes the rather accurate Monte Carlo model and cross sections that have been used to calculate effects from electrons and photons on measurement, electronic and biological systems in space.
A number of applications are illustrated, with emphasis Author: Stephen M. Seltzer. James M. Peek, “Cross-sections for Electron and Photon Processes Required by Electron-Transport Calculations,” Sandia National Laboratories report SAND (Albuquerque, New Mexico, November ).Cited by: 1.
The scope our work included: development and implementation of: 1) discrete ordinates electron transport calculations for electron sources both within and incident of solid structures; 2) discrete Author: Stanley Woolf.
electron-volts to tens of mega-electron-volts. In Section II.B we review how the interaction cross sections vary with energy and atomic number in order to make clear which processes are relevant in a given simulation. Detailed formulas for cross sections and angular distributions are left to code documentation and textbooks.
Photons. provides analytic expressions for the elastic cross sections of group I and II elements that are quite precise in a wide energy range. This is the main theme of the present paper.
The incentive for this undertaking stems from the long-standing need to simplify the calculation of electron transport coefficients. In fact this workCited by: 2. Multigroup data produced by the CEPXS cross-section-generating code is needed to operate the BFP codes in adjoint electron-photon mode.
cross-section (e.g., for the calculation of the radiative stopping power), or in the cross-section differential in one variable (e.g., differential in the photon energy to get the spectrum of. MCNPX is a general purpose three dimensional Monte Carlo code that can be used for neutron, photon, electron and heavy ion transport.
It is released with the required libraries for neutrons, photons, electrons, protons and photonuclear interactions .Cited by: PHOTON TRANSPORT LOGIC 13 10− 2 10− 1 Incident γ energy (MeV) 10− 2 10− 1 σ (cm 2 /g) Total photon σ vs γ− energy Hydrogen Water Lead energy.
processes are much smaller than cross sections for charged particles undergoing inelastic electron collisions •photons are not degraded in energy as they pass through matter •the processes either absorb the photon or scatter them out of the beam •thus, the photon that. The experimental and theoretical study of atomic inner-shell ionization cross- sections by electron impact, a subject of scientific study for many years, is important both for understanding the.
This is a database primarily of total ionization cross sections of molecules by electron impact. The database also includes cross sections for some atoms and energy distributions of ejected electrons for H, He, and H 2.
The cross sections were calculated using the Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) model. The various features of electron/photon transport and its applications have been organized into four main categories. These are (a) Input Data (cross sections for the physical interactions which we discussed in 2), (b) Mathematical Methods and Models, (c) Benchmark Experimental Data, and (d) Applications.
Excitation cross sections. Summary This document is part of Subvolume C ‘Interactions of Photons and Electrons with Molecules’ of Volume 17 ‘Photon and Electron Interactions with Atoms, Molecules and Ions’ of Landolt-Börnstein - Group I Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms.
Cross sections and energy deposition. The electron pseudo-cross sections used in MultiTrans calculations were created by CEPXS program (Lorence et al., ). Multigroup photon–electron cross sections in 35 photon groups and 35 electron groups were Cited by: 5.
A fast electron was released with kinetic energy AF (g) which was also followed to its degradation. MORSE-ESDM produced condensed histories of electron energy degradation since the fractional energy loss for group advance was calculated as an Monte Carlo electron-transport calculations Eo E -~Emod + E E o/2 E 'o ~~ ~Ecat Eo/2 Fig.
by: 1. Figure 1 presents a summary of the photon cross section data as used by the EGS3 system. Note the % discontinuity in the gamma mean free path at 50 MeV which occurs because the data of Storm and Israel (8t70) are used for the pair production cross sections below 50 MeV and a different normalization is used above Size: 1MB.
If instead of a neutral atom, how- ever, the electron interacts with a positively charged ion, D. Mueller / Electron - ion collision cross sections V(r) 4 - it is generally accepted that direct measurement of the cross section using the colliding beams technique can provide the most definitive by: 2.
Research on photon and electron collisions with atomic and molecular targets and their ions has seen a rapid increase in interest, both experimentally and theoretically, in recent years.
the dynamics of many particle systems at a fundamental level and partly because their detailed understanding is required in many other fields, particularly. From the photon–electron scattering cross-section, find the bremsstrahlung cross-section in a collision between a fast electron and a nucleus.
Solution. In the frame of reference K 1 in which the electron is at rest before the collision, the process may be regarded as the scattering by the electron of the equivalent photons of the field of. The generation of high-order neutron scattering cross sections consistent with high-fidelity simulations remains an area of active research.
Popular options include generating cross sections from continuous energy Monte Carlo calculations or generating cross sections from a deterministic neutron transport calculation with high-fidelity tabulated cross sections.
A significant advance came with the atomic photoeffect cross section calculations by Rakavy and Ron (, ) for not only the K shell, but also for all the significantly contributing higher subshells (L I–III, M I–V, N I–VII, and O I–III) over the energy range 1 keV to Cited by: Review of photon interaction cross section data R5 to =ˆD.˙pe + ˙incoh + ˙coh + ˙pair + ˙trip/=uA (7) referring back to equation (5) for the meaning and units of the conversion factor 1=uA.
The cross sections for the individual processes are discussed in section 3, particularly the cross. For photoionization both include cross sections for all subshells. 3) Both include data up to GeV.
4) Both use the same atomic parameters, in particular for consistency with the Livermore Evaluated Electron Data Library (EEDL) , both use the same photoionization subshell binding by: photon disapp ears and an electron is ejected from atom. The electron carries a w y all of the energy absorb ed photon, min us binding the electron to atom.
The K-shell electrons are most tigh tly b ound, and are imp ortan t con tributions to the atomic photo e ect cross-section in most cases.
Ho w ev er, if the photon energy drops b elo w the File Size: KB. Contents Abstract Statement Acknowledgements Symbols and Abbreviations Preface 1 Photon and Electron Physics at Therapeutic Energies Introduction I.2 Photon interactions L Introduction I Compton scattering I Photoelectric absorption Pair production.
I Attenuation coefrcients tx xl xlll xv)(TK 1 t 2 2 2 3 4 b I Fluence 7File Size: 8MB. multi-group differential photon scattering cross section, electron-to-photon production cross section, electron scat-tering cross section, and photon-to-electron production cross section, respectively. These scattering or production cross sections are provided by the CEPXS in multi-group Legendre form.
Estimating the lifetime of an electron on a virtual level with the photon energy of about 1 eV 0 ~ s and assuming the absorption cross section of excited electrons in all virtual levels to be equal to 1, one obtains two-photon absorption cross section to be 2 = 1 Cited by: 1.In this article the general methodology for continuous-energy adjoint Monte Carlo neutron transport is reviewed and extended for photon and coupled neutron-photon transport.
In the latter cases the discrete photons generated by annihilation or by neutron capture or inelastic scattering prevent a direct application of the general by: Absorption cross section is a measure for the probability of an absorption process.
More generally, the term cross section is used in physics to quantify the probability of a certain particle-particle interaction, e.g., scattering, electromagnetic absorption, etc. (Note that light in this context is described as consisting of particles, i.e., photons.). | <urn:uuid:689368bf-1015-4970-bf6b-13cbfb70231b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pituficokaq.clubhipicbanyoles.com/cross-sections-for-electron-and-photon-processes-required-by-electrontransport-calculations-book-7529pm.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.88817 | 2,078 | 2.21875 | 2 |
1. Design RF integrated circuits according to specifications such as LNA, Mixer, PLL, VCO and PA;
2. Integrate various functional modules into SOC system according to system requirements;
3. Guide layout engineers to design layout according to circuit requirements;
4. Complete design documents and test plans based on design results;
5. Chip function module and system test, performance evaluation and problem analysis.
1、Master degree or above in microelectronics, semiconductor or related majors；
2、Familiar with basic knowledge of circuit principle, understand feedback theory and application；
3、Correctly analyze integrated unit circuits such as op amp, amp, mixer, etc；
4、Familiar with Cadence integrated circuit design environment；
5、Use circuit simulation software to establish a correct simulation test platform and correctly analyze circuit simulation results;
6、Good teamwork spirit, dedicated and responsible work.
1、Responsible for the research and development of speech signal processing algorithms；
2、Responsible for the migration and optimization of algorithms on specific platforms；
3、Cooperate with colleagues to realize algorithm-oriented evolution of processor architecture；
1、Master degree or above, major in science or engineering；
2、Proficient in C/C++, familiar with embedded software design；
3、Familiar with basic theory of digital signal processing；
4、Understand the basic knowledge of speech signal processing；
5、Understand the mainstream open source algorithms for front-end processing and recognition of speech signals；
6、Practical experience in deep learning for speech algorithms is preferred.
1、Participate in the research, development and debugging of GNSS receiver chips, firmware and related algorithms;
2、Participate in the design, development and testing of GNSS receiver performance verification tools;
3、Participate in the analysis of test data, problem solving and customer problem support;
Write related design plan user manuals and other documents;
1、Master degree or above, major in electronics, communication engineering, satellite navigation, etc.
2、Familiar with GPS, BD, GLONASS satellite navigation system signal system;
3、Have a theoretical basis for satellite positioning;
4、Familiar with GPS satellite positioning principle, with PVT, PPP, RTK algorithm, satellite differential post-processing algorithm, etc.
5、Familiar with GPS satellite positioning principle，with PVT, PPP, RTK algorithm, satellite differential post-processing algorithm, etc.
6、Familiar with C, C++ language, DSP, ARM and other embedded development software.
1、Understand the most up-to-date market needs and define new products;
2、Design and simulate the protocols and algorithms involved in the product;
3、Manage and coordinate project implementation;
1、Master degree or above, major in science and engineering such as electronics, microelectronics, and communications;
2、Understand the basic theories of wireless communication and signal processing;
3、Have a certain understanding of SoC design or ASIC design;
4、Familiar with basic embedded systems, such as ARM architecture;
5、Enthusiasm and interest in new technology development and project management.
1、Define the indicators of each module of the RF link and perform link simulation；
2、Test sample performance indicators and analyze problems；
3、Complete design documents and cooperate with design engineers to complete the design；
1、Master degree or above;
2、Understand the various modules of the RF link，such as indicators of LNA, Filter, PLL, PA;3、Calculate RF link performance such as NF and IIP3.
1、Submit the verification plan according to the design document, develop the module verification plan, establish the verification environment and framework, complete the module level and chip level verification;
2、Understand the application scenario, refine and split the application into each simulation case；
3、Perform regression testing, count and improve verification coverage；
4、Assist software application engineers to complete functional testing and drive writing；
5、Cooperate with chip design engineers to find and repair design defects；
6、Confirm the integrity of the chip design and guide the design department to implement a verifiable design process;
1、Master degree or above，Computer/electronic engineering/communication engineering and other related majors；
2、Familiar with digital chip SOC and communication module principle；
3、Familiar with Verilog，proficient in C / System Verilog verification；
4、Deep understanding of embedded systems is preferred.
Responsible for WIFI chip and software development for IOT applications，the specific tasks are as follows：
1、Development and maintenance of WIFI Driver；
2、Development and maintenance of WIFI MAC protocol stack；
3、Porting and maintenance of WIFI supplicant/hostapd；
4、WIFI SDK development；
5、Documentation and SPEC writing;
1、Bachelor degree or above in computer, communication or related majors；
2、Familiar with 802.11 b/g/n/ac/i/e/h and other related protocol standards；3、Positive work attitude，ability to learn，strong team work spirit.
Responsible for Bluetooth audio and Bluetooth® Low Energy chip embedded software，specific tasks include：
1、Protocol development and maintenance of Bluetooth Controller layer；
2、Development and application maintenance of Bluetooth Audio Host layer protocol stack；
3、Development of Audio Driver for Bluetooth；
4、Bluetooth® Low Energy/Mesh application development；
1、Bachelor degree or above in communication, computer, automation and other related majors；
2、Familiar with C language programming，have C language and debugging experience on MCU；
3、Familiar with Bluetooth Core Specification V4.2 or above standard agreement；
4、Positive work attitude，ability to learn，strong team work spirit.
1. Responsible for the maintenance of Bluetooth headsets and Bluetooth speakers standard projects, and the development of differentiated solutions；
2. Debugging and Realization of Bottom Driver of Bluetooth SOC；
3. Customer site or production line support，define, analyze and solve the needs and problems reported by customers；
4. Responsible for the writing and sorting of relevant application documents, code upgrade and maintenance;
1、Bachelor degree or above, major in electronics, automation, communication, software engineering；
2、Proficient in C language programming，familiar with ARM architecture and common debugging methods，have good coding habits，familiar with common drivers and interfaces；
3、Familiar with Bluetooth Core Spec and a2dp, hfp, avrcp, spp and other related profiles is preferred；
4、Familiar with AEC, EQ, ANC related algorithms or have relevant work experience is preferred；
5、Can bear hardships and stand hard work, have good communication ability, learning ability, team work spirit and strong sense of responsibility.
RF and analog integrated circuit layout design、verification and optimization；
1、Bachelor degree or above, major in science and engineering such as electronics and microelectronics；
2、Familiar with analog circuit layout design tools and layout optimization methods；
3、Good team player，dedicated and responsible. | <urn:uuid:b4e1daf7-df00-4d2f-8719-5bef4f1b588a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bekencorp.com/en/services/talent.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.749717 | 1,769 | 2.0625 | 2 |
While bank statements, invoices, and other emails may make you automatically bring your precious dollars to mind and help you to stay on track, other financial-related emails indirectly affect your bottom line just as much but they tend to go overlooked. If you choose to keep ignoring them, you might be making a money mistake.
Not Keeping Tabs on Your Tabs
Like many people, I have a Gmail account. Sometimes I find emails in other tabs when I originally reached out to someone through my primary email. I recently had a major magazine request a quote from me. I don’t remember exactly why this happened but although I emailed through my primary tab, the reply came back but landed in a different tab. Honestly, I don’t usually check other tabs daily. I didn’t get back to the person until five days later! Luckily, they emailed on a Friday so it didn’t seem so bad to answer on a Tuesday, but I wanted to make sure that never happened again.
Decide how often to check tabs or folders depending on the email you use. After scanning for important information, take time to trash true spam, ditch anything you know you won’t read and keep an eye out for important emails that could have ended up in the wrong place. Also, the next time you loop back, if something is lost, it will be easier to find if you maintain what’s in there and reduce email in general by unsubscribing to too many newsletters or deals. Staying on top of your email like this can also free up time to find more clients, allow you to follow up on overdue invoices, or make your own marketing emails more appealing to customers.
Checking in on Other Categories of Email
Some people never check their folders or other tabs. This can be a money mistake; you can miss out on some money-making opportunities for career advancement. Periodically scan through the tabs or folders, like spam or junk. This is to make sure important emails don’t slip through the cracks and end up as lost money-making opportunities. Get in the habit of checking there when an email you’re waiting on hasn’t arrived. You don’t want a precious client or an important financial document to get lost. You also don’t want to mistakenly click on the wrong email because the document you want is sandwiched between a potential virus and wire transfer scam. If you do spot an important email there, maybe type the title of the email into the search of your inbox so you won’t potentially click on the wrong email.
Being Overly Notified
Never setting up filters or separating tabs can quickly turn your inbox into a mess. It can also sabotage your workflow if they hit your phone too much. It’s great to be updated on important matters that might need immediate attention. However, being updated for every little thing can erode your productivity and overall focus.
Keep interruptions to a minimum by using email to your advantage. I’m a big fangirl of Gmail. Promotions can be easily separated from my primary email. This works out well because I only like getting certain emails sent to my phone. Gmail gives you the option to select what you want to be sent to your phone when you install their email app. Select “all email,” “primary only” or “none” in settings. What makes it to your phone is up to you. Check the settings on your phone app (if applicable). Decide the best way to set up your email to organize what goes where and what’s allowed to reach your phone.
The Bottom Line
While some financial emails are easier to keep on your radar, others less obvious ones can leak money out of your pocket. Stay on top of your email so they don’t go unnoticed. You can also take advantage of the financial opportunities they may present. Try using the tips mentioned above to do so.
By Karen Cordaway
The Epoch Times Copyright © 2022 The views and opinions expressed are only those of the authors. They are meant for general informational purposes only and should not be construed or interpreted as a recommendation or solicitation. The Epoch Times does not provide investment, tax, legal, financial planning, estate planning, or any other personal finance advice. The Epoch Times holds no liability for the accuracy or timeliness of the information provided. | <urn:uuid:2107e997-5399-4d45-8630-78ac433d4502> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theepochtimes.com/money-mistakes-you-make-via-email-and-how-to-fix-them_4562408.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9367 | 913 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Women aren’t a good fit in the boardroom?
…so says an executive of a FTSE 350 company in a report published by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills yesterday. The business minister, Andrew Griffiths, describes the excuses offered by firms defending the lack of women on boards as “pitiful and patronising”, but no one said change was easy.
As the only woman on the board, it’s tough. Being the sole representative of your gender, supposedly reflecting the whole diversity of female perspectives and with the expectation that your presence will change the fortunes of the company for the better – no wonder there’s a sense of disillusionment around UK board tables.
I was the only woman at the table in production meetings at the very start of my career as an engineer, and I wanted to get it right. I sat and listened at first, but then everyone got used to me saying nothing and I couldn’t break into the conversation when I did have something to say. So if there’s a woman contributing less than you’d hoped in your meetings, whatever level you’re working at,
- find out about the key issues before you even get to the meeting;
- allocate time on the agenda for specific inputs from those involved, so that they can come prepared;
- make sure everyone has the opportunity to share their thoughts, opinions, experience during the discussion;
- check round the table before moving on to the next agenda item.
Good meeting practice helps to make the time spent together, effective. Don’t let anyone sit there saying nothing – we’ve all got something to contribute – but sometimes you’ve got to ask us before we can make ourselves heard. | <urn:uuid:af7e50a8-72c5-4a25-8b34-045c8d8f83c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sayitkaren.com/ftse350 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955932 | 364 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Enterprising first to gain the land and the cattle, and second to better each, the King Ranch establishes itself as a legendary operation in its 162 years.
Destined to become one of the largest ranches in the world, the King Ranch began as a 15,500-acre Spanish land grant on Santa Gertrudis Creek, in an otherwise-unprepossessing stretch of South Texas known as the Wild Horse Desert. In 1853, while on a trip to Corpus Christi, steamboat captain and businessman Richard King explored the location—a fertile strip between the Nueces and Rio Grande rivers—and his mind turned immediately to cattle raising. He purchased the parcel and acquired several adjacent grants. He and his partners began buying up longhorn cattle on both sides of the border and, on one occasion, moved an entire drought-stricken Mexican village to the burgeoning ranch. Their descendants work there to this day.
By the late 1860s, King Ranch had grown to 150,000 acres and thousands of head of cattle—all bearing the captain’s “Running W” brand, and all destined for Northern markets. By 1884, Texas drovers had pushed more than 100,000 head of King cattle up the North Trail to the wide-open railhead towns of Kansas and Missouri.
That same year, Capt. King hired Robert Kleberg, a young attorney, to run the ranch’s business affairs. After King died the following year, his widow, Henrietta named Kleberg manager. Shortly thereafter, he married the Kings’ daughter, thereby starting a dynasty that still owns the legendary ranch.
Kleberg was a brilliant choice. He not only streamlined and efficiently managed the ranch, he also experimented with cross-breeding, introducing Shorthorn and Hereford bulls into the mix, virtually ending the reign of the Longhorns as the definitive Western beef cattle. He initiated the drilling of artesian wells to successfully combat the killing droughts of the 1890s. In the early 1900s, Kleberg and his sons crossbred the Brahma bulls of India with the King Shorthorns, to create the Santa Gertrudis—a new breed that the USDA would later recognize as the very first American-bred beef cattle. By the time of Kleberg’s death in 1932, King Ranch was running nearly 100,000 head of cattle and 4,500 horses and mules, on more than one million acres.
The ranch’s successes did not come without challenges, though. When Henrietta passed away seven years earlier, her death created a number of problems, not the least of which were high estate taxes and mountainous debts. With the Great Depression sending beef prices plummeting, the ranch was some $3 million in the red. To bring it back, Kleberg’s widow and sons diversified into petroleum, allowing Humble Oil—the future Exxon—to drill on ranch land. It was the beginning of a major enterprise, with King Ranch Oil and Gas ultimately seeking its own sources of energy, and putting the ranch comfortably back in the black.
Today, the King Ranch continues to run some 60,000 head on around 825,000 acres—an empire larger than the state of Rhode Island. It is also the largest citrus grower in the nation and manufactures commercial luggage and other leather goods in its world-famous saddle shop. Additionally, the ranch owns a chain of outdoor power equipment stores, raises blooded horses, markets commodities, sells $3 million worth of hunting leases annually, and has a major hand in the areas of energy and wildlife conservation. In fact, King Ranch’s nonagricultural enterprises account for more than half the company’s revenues. In the words of Stephen “Tio” Kleberg, fifth-generation descendant of Richard King, “We no longer see ourselves in the cattle business, as such. We are in the resource-management business. And … we have a lot of resources to manage.” | <urn:uuid:615d03f4-214d-4b81-b639-dc6727fda095> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://americancowboy.com/people/building-legacy-king-ranch-30365/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964347 | 825 | 2.8125 | 3 |
When you read the NT you see the demonstration and description of miraculous gifts of the Holy Spirit. Right away on the Day of Pentecost (Acts 2) the people are speaking in tongues. Not long after we see the dead raised, lame healed, and people transported. It is a powerful outbreaking of the Holy Spirit in an arresting way.
When you read these things (and their corresponding descriptions, instructions, and warnings) a Christian must ask if these so-called miraculous gifts are operative today (i.e. the gifts of tongues, healing, & prophecy). Do we today see the same types of things happening as we did in the early chapters of Acts?
As a pastor I have been asked this question more times than I can count, particularly by people who are visiting and considering joining the church. My answer in short is “no”. I do not believe that the gifts of tongues and healing are present today as we saw in the early church. Much of what today gets passed off as tongues and healing are not what the Bible shows, namely known languages spoken and understood; and people being instantaneously (and fully) healed with a word or a touch. I tell them that my position (cessationist) is based upon observation: I see a tapering off of the miraculous gifts (tongues and healing) in the NT with the close of the Apostolic era and I do not see them consistently displayed in church history. Therefore, I don’t believe they are normative in the life of the church today. (note: prophecy is defined in different ways, but I would say that God is not giving new revelation today either. If you want to take prophecy as preaching, admonishing or exhorting-that’s fine.)
Don’t Put God in a Box
What is the response to this? “Don’t put God in a box.”
What they are saying with this is that my view that these miraculous gifts have ceased means that I only believe that God can work in this way or that way. In other words, God can’t do this and he doesn’t do that. They would say that I have, theologically speaking, accomplished the staggering if not strange feat of confining God’s activity in the world. As they go on they typically say something like, “God can do whatever he wants to do. If he wants to miraculously work in a village in Africa this way—he can. If he wants to communicate with me in a dream—he can. If he wants to miraculously heal someone—he can.”
How Do We See God Working?
Now we see the issue clearly. It is not so much the gifts as the activity of God. We also see something of the reflex of 21st Century, particularly Western Evangelicalism. The thought is that the evidence of God working in the world is the miraculous. God shows up and we all know it. We know God is working when tragedy is averted, disease is healed, life is spared, and the occurrence of personal experiences that cannot be explained.
But, what if God’s work is far more than this? What if his activity in the world is not limited to our perception of the miraculous? What if God’s activity in the world is less like Superman—rushing in to ‘save the day’ and then rushing out before he is spotted—and more like Atlas—holding the weight of the world on his shoulders? What if God is not actor in the story of our life but that we are in his story? What if God is the writer, director, producer, main character, and set designer?
The doctrine of Providence helps us here. Providence is God’s infinite power that upholds and governs all things that come to pass. As the Heidelberg Catechism says,
“God’s providence is his almighty and ever present power, whereby as with his hand, he still upholds heaven and earth and all creatures and so governs them so that: leaf and blade, rain and drought, fruitful and barren years, food and drink, health and sickness, riches and poverty, indeed all things, come to us not by change but by his fatherly hand.”
The main things you need to know about this is that God is not disconnected from what is happening in the world today. God is upholding, governing, and ordering all things as with his very hand.
“Whatever the Lord pleases, he does, in heaven and on earth, in the seas and all deeps.” (Psalm 135:6)
“He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,” (Hebrews 1:3)
“In him we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things according to the counsel of his will,” (Ephesians 1:11)
“But even the hairs of your head are all numbered.” (Matthew 10:30)
What do You Mean by a “God Thing”?
Those who believe that I have put God “in a box” seem to believe that God only shows up when something miraculous happens. But those in the Reformed tradition would see in God’s providence that he is actively involved in everything. We don’t use words like “That was a God-thing” because everything is a “God-thing” —he upholds, governs, and orders all things as with his very hand. This includes things like miracles and seemingly unexplainable events where God may directly intervene or even used secondary means.
So who is putting God in a box after all? On the one hand you have people who see God only in the so-called miraculous events of life and on the other you have people who see God working in all things. If I’m putting God in a box then it is a pretty big box, and it’s labeled “Divine Providence”. Whereas others, perhaps unwittingly, put God in a much smaller box, and it’s labeled “The Miraculous”. Do you really want to do that? | <urn:uuid:419b7304-8303-4752-bf38-44af9b24681b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/erik-raymond/dont-put-god-in-a-box/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971433 | 1,348 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Bulking how much weight per week, bulking diet
Bulking how much weight per week
Bulking is when you gain weight in order to put on as much muscle mass as possible. In bulking, you eat to gain the most weight and muscle and then stop eating. This can be a good thing or bad thing depending on your goals. If your goal is to gain as much fat as possible at an optimal rate of speed, weight gain will put your metabolism to optimal performance levels quicker, bulking how much rice. And since most people who try bulking don't reach the same level of fat loss as those who achieve rapid fat loss, bulking can potentially cause you to gain even more fat than you lost, bulking how much weight per week. If you're trying to lose weight with intermittent fasting, then the best approach is to keep your meals pretty much the same everyday. Bulking is fine, but you'll still want to keep your body lean and supple so that you can reach your maximal potential with the training you're doing, is bulking necessary to gain muscle. 4. You eat too much, bulking calories calculator. Sometimes people don't gain weight in order to lose it -- they'll lose weight slowly because they need more calories to maintain their weight. This is known as metabolic adaptation where a person can adapt to a diet or exercise regimen and make it work, bulking how fast. If you're trying to gain muscle mass, then the best approach is to eat fairly regularly in order to optimize your calorie intake for the duration of your training sessions. Most people who try bulking don't reach the same level of fat loss as those who achieve rapid fat loss, so the best way to achieve the results is to keep your calories low in order to maximize muscle mass gain. You see people lose a lot of fat on intermittent fasting, so this should be the same with intermittent fasting, bulking diet. I want to get my weight down, so I have to stay in a caloric deficit and eat as little as possible. The best way to do that to ensure I'm gaining as much muscle as possible is to eat more, lean bulk weight gain per week. In order to optimize the results, you need to know what your current calorie intake is. 5. You eat foods that are unappetizing. I'm talking about foods that are high in calories and low in nutrition by volume. This is commonly called "food deserts". Your body doesn't want to eat these foods and you end up gaining weight, bulking how often do you poop. If you're trying to gain fat on intermittent fasting, then you shouldn't eat those foods on a regular basis, bulking how much rice. Eating all your calories should be part of your calorie deficit and if you have any food allergies then I highly recommend you avoid those foods, week how weight bulking much per. 6.
Winstrol (Stanozolol) is another steroid that can be used in both bulking and in cutting cycles depending on your needs, diet and work out program. When it came to testing it was easy. I bought a "Protein Assay Kit", bulking to gain weight. However, I've never heard of any other PAA in the last few years so I didn't give it a try. So after talking with a doctor about my need for an "Athlete's Test" (AKA a Muscle Building Test) my friend gave me a test kit, bulking quickly. I was really excited. However, when the test came out and a protein sample was sent to my lab I was blown away because what I was getting was a 50 mg/dL. Since I have been working out almost daily and have a high metabolism I've been getting a lot of "fat burning" which is one of my biggest needs for my workouts, bulking shredding cycles. I was looking for some confirmation that the low amount of the PAA in my test was what was causing me to burn off a lot of fat when I was working out. So I went to my doctor and he told me that it was the total amount of the steroid itself that had affected the result. Since I've been working out for 6+ months since my test was sent out it hasn't caused any noticeable signs of muscle breakdown, but I have no idea how much of the 2nd dose was due to the PAA. The Test Ok so now I have a PAA test and an "Athlete's Test" so the only thing left to do is test out if I was on a "Stanozolol" or some other anabolic steroids, bulking diet bodybuilding. Well, my doctor thought this was an interesting test to try, bulking diet. So with his knowledge and experience he sent me a package of Stanozolol, bulking kcal. I was really excited, because I always try to avoid steroids and since it was my doctor talking it probably was the best "no-hassle" test possible. So I packed the 2 test kits and I was on my way, bulking quickly. Ok, it wasn't easy getting the test to go in. My mailer came and said it went in the wrong envelope, bulking up. It ended up in my personal mailman's mailbox and the only thing I could do to solve that was to put it in a box with all my workout plans and go through all my mail every week. Then I was sent another package with a separate package of Stanozolol, bulking rate of weight gain. Then I got a second box with another package of Stanozolol.
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Skills (up to 10)
(write at least 2 skills and up to 10) E.g. Marketing, Web design, Word, Painting ...
Your content has been submitted | <urn:uuid:67c76e28-84d1-42a9-a397-87a1a21a6290> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alayp.com/profile/bulking-how-much-weight-per-week-bulkin-2155/profile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982276 | 1,211 | 1.648438 | 2 |
- The lockdown will remain in place at least through the middle of February.
- Schools will be closed while people have been banned from leaving home for all but exercise and essential shopping.
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson has announced that England will enter its toughest nationwide lockdown as a new more infectious variant of the coronavirus spreads across the UK.
All schools and colleges will close to remote learning from Tuesday. The lockdown will remain in place at least through the middle of February. In his address, the PM said with most of the country already under extreme measures, it is clear that 'we need to do more together to bring this new variant under control.'
“We must therefore go into a national lockdown, which is tough enough to contain this variant. That means the government is once again instructing you to stay at home," Johnson said.
He said while the rules become law in the early hours of Wednesday, people should follow them now. During the lockdown, people are not allowed to leave their homes except to shop for basic necessities, exercise and seek medical assistance.
Meanwhile, Britain has begun vaccinating its population with Oxford University and AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 shot. Dialysis patient Brian Pinker, 82, received the first vaccination outside of a trial, Reuters reported. | <urn:uuid:3b120400-ba15-4617-a3c2-ae1476df95a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brecorder.com/news/40047579/british-pm-boris-johnson-orders-a-national-lockdown-as-covid-19-variant-spreads | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974181 | 265 | 1.71875 | 2 |
3 min read
If you want an affordable way to bring clean energy with you on the go, then you may have heard of Nature’s Generator. It’s the only portable solar generator that can use solar and wind charging for such an affordable price.
While solar and wind are some of the safest forms of energy, they don’t always charge our systems as quickly as we’d like. Well, there’s a lot you can do to change that. Let’s talk about how to set up your Nature’s Generator for the best results!
Whether you use wind turbines or solar panels, connect them to your Nature’s Generator using MC4 cables. Most MC4 cables will come in 50’ (15.24m), but you can purchase longer ones separately. If you plan to camp or set up your system in the woods, it might be best to buy longer cables or an MC4 branch connector to extend your existing cables.
Ensure that the cables are secure and try to prevent them from bunching or knotting up, as this can shorten the lifespan of your cables. From there, it’s just a matter of finding sunlight or wind!
Find a location where your solar panels can remain unobstructed from the sun throughout the day. If you are in the woods, you may need to find a break in the trees or bring your panels higher by finding a hill, large rock, or any existing structures. Don’t try to climb to the top of a tree with your solar panels!
For reaching the most sunlight, facing your panels toward true south is always recommended. However, there’s a special trick to add for the best results.
If you will be near your solar panels all day, then it’s best to point them slightly east in the morning and rotate them west throughout the day. For most of us, this isn’t feasible on a daily basis.
Moreover, if you won’t be around to tend to your panels all day (or you just don’t want to), then point them slightly toward the west. The afternoon is when the sun is strongest, so keep your panels facing true south with a couple of degrees tilt to the west for the best results!
The wind turbines you can purchase with your Nature’s Generator are excellent for finding the most advantageous angle for wind speeds. Generally speaking, the higher the altitude, the stronger the winds.
Remember that prevailing winds come from the west at mid-latitudes due to the rotation of the earth. In most of North America, angling your turbines east-west rather than north-south will offer the best results on average.
If you’re able to tend to them, especially during unpredictable weather, you can help angle your turbines along with the wind. However, the wind is far less predictable than sunlight, so this isn’t feasible for most people. When in doubt, an unobstructed east-west position (preferably above the trees) will yield the best results if left alone.
Now that you know how to set up a Nature’s Generator with wind turbines and solar panels, you can get the most out of your system. With wind turbines and solar panels, you can continue charging your system 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!Keep reading our blog for our latest product tips, and buy a Nature’s Generator today with free shipping and a price match guarantee!
2 min read
Get it first. Sign up now for up-to-the-minute offers, sales and news. | <urn:uuid:e634280c-1319-42c8-a604-635a06742887> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wildoaktrail.com/blogs/adventure-essentials/setting-up-your-natures-generator-solar-panels-wind-turbines | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.925519 | 747 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Bold & Fearless women is the need of the hour. The “Good Girl” thing is already passé. The future lies in the hands of strong women, who dare to believe in their dreams!
“Here’s to strong women. May we know them. May we be them. May we raise them.”– Unknown
Ever wondered how the world would be like, if every woman in the world is respected, the term “gender equality” is never used, and men and women both are responsible equally for the family they create. Sounds interesting right, but we are still far behind in reaching that stage.
I still call it a dreamland. Of course, that so called dreamland might have it’s own set of misunderstandings and issues. But the very basic term “Equality” will get meaning in it’s truest form.
Why we need women to be BOLD & FEARLESS these days?
The generation that I fall in, well, I like to call this generation as a “Confused Generation”. So you would think, why this term? Well, read on below to understand the change that happened from the previous generation and the confusions it created:
- We have empowered women. They are allowed to work now.
- We forgot to empower men. We forgot that a 9-to-5 working woman taking care of the house and family, needs her so-called better half to start being the real “Better-Half”.
- Wait, women become mothers. But we forget that the better half also became a “Father“. For the child, it is the set of parents now. I don’t even need to mention who bears the final load of taking care of the baby for years. And if there are some men who want to bring the change, they are labelled as “Madly In Love” or a “Henpecked Husband“, sigh!
- 9-to-5 workday jobs treat both men and women the same. They are called “Employees“. There is no gender difference at the workplace when it comes to work load. The mothers – have to balance all. The fathers? Well.
- We are living in the 21st century, still there are people who believe women are good for kitchen only, men can’t do anything beyond office work and other out-of-home tasks (which sometimes women also do), and the worst part, such people call themselves “MODERN WITH VALUES“. I guess they forget that modernity comes with “CHANGE OF THINKING“.
- The “Good Girls“, who cannot stand for themselves, or who fear explaining some straight-forward facts to the so-called “Modern People” are harassed everyday with so-called small small tasks which drain them physically and mentally.
But how do we see some women so successful in life? I will tell you about my observations of some women who I respect and believe that they brought the change. Here are my top 5 observations and tips!
1. THEY CAN SPEAK UP AGAINST WRONG
They don’t hear wrong easily. They can speak up “FACTS” to anyone standing in front of them. And trust me, “SPEAKING UP” is a big thing! But it is not always feasible to speak for every wrong thing going on in the world, because we all know that right now, the world is in dire need of RECONSTRUCTION!
Specifically, the thoughts, the norms, the traditions, the racism, the discrimination, we just can’t fix it all. But, we can definitely speak up against any wrong done to us, anything that weighs us down because of the loose ends left by the age-old customs or the backward thinking, that might need fixing.
2. FEARLESS IS THE WORD THAT DEFINES THEM
They are “FEARLESS”. If you want to stand up and say things against some out-of-date age-old tradition or norm, you need fear to be miles away from you. Else, you just won’t get the guts to say it.
They fear no one. Not even the people who bind you into the trap of fear created by age, by money, by status or by any other such relational factor. They know that one size fits all here, and the only fear you might need to have is the “Fear Of God”.
3. THEY ARE WARRIORS WITH COMPASSION
If the strong, bold and fearless women are able to stand up against wrong, it doesn’t mean they are ruthless. They are compassionate too. Well, that’s how they bind the family.
Loving the people in the family, taking care of them, having a kind heart for people in need is definitely there. But, at times, when a situation arises, they can definitely become indispensable warriors.
4. THEY KNOW EXCELLENT TIME MANAGEMENT
They stay away from small things, small talk and people with small thinking. They know that these are the things that drain most of the energy and time if you get into that mess. There are people who prefer to do nothing in life and small talks become a thing of their character. And the smart women know that avoiding such people is the best thing that they can do.
They have enough goals in life and so, less time to waste on the above. Time management is very important for them, and they definitely know that “If they don’t manage their time, someone else will start doing that!”.
5. RESPECT IS NON-NEGOTIABLE FOR THEM
“Respect” is non-negotiable. They respect everyone, but they also know that respect is not limited to age, gender or other biases. An elder person cannot demand respect from her, if they are busy disrespecting her.
So, for an example, even if a woman is not working or not in a regular 9-to-5 workday job, she knows that she is a part of a bigger picture called “Family”, and not just there to serve others in that picture. Respect does not need a bias, “Everyone has to respect everyone”, that’s that!
I won’t quote all the successful women to have a 9-to-5 workday job. If a woman is able to manage her time, take care of her family, along with pursuing her personal goals, but, most importantly, even if any of the above mentioned things are missing, but, still the woman knows how to stand up and speak up for herself, according to me that woman is definitely, “Empowered”.
In a nutshell, all I want to say is that it takes a second to get that courage, but once you have it, never lose it. Keep the fearless fire flaming in you always. There will still be unhappy people, age-old norms will be followed, still the world will not be a better place. But, trust me, your mind will be at peace to be a tiny speck in the universe which helped in bringing the bigger change. | <urn:uuid:d8ec3725-f8a2-4304-9b92-b6a172ae9008> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://livelaughlovewithme.com/its-the-time-for-bold-badass-fearless-women-5-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963864 | 1,552 | 1.757813 | 2 |
47. Don’t Say a Word, Mama: This zany, heart-warming story is chock-full of the kind of mishaps kids enjoy. The vibrant illustrations of Blanca, Rosa, Mamá and the colorful vegetable garden help to bring the story alive.
48. Cool Salsa: Bilingual Poems On Growing Up Latino in the United States: These 36 poems, divided into six sections dealing with school, the concept of home, the power of memory, difficulties faced in a new land, celebrations, and confronting the future, serve as a concise, beautifully captured snapshot of the Latino immigrant experience in the United States. | <urn:uuid:4269fb41-a5d7-43a1-be82-30cca0b0701e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mamiverse.com/top-latino-childrens-books-60054/30/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.912734 | 131 | 2.578125 | 3 |
For*get" (?), v. t. [imp. Forgot (?) (Forgat (), Obs.); p. p. Forgotten (?), Forgot; p. pr. & vb. n. Forgetting.] [OE. forgeten, foryeten, AS. forgietan, forgitan; pref. for- + gietan, gitan (only in comp.), to get; cf. D. vergeten, G. vergessen, Sw. forgata, Dan. forgiette. See For-, and Get, v. t.]
To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose the power of; to cease from doing.
Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits.
Ps. ciii. 2.
Let y right hand forget her cunning.
Ps. cxxxvii. 5.
Hath thy knee forget to bow?
To treat with inattention or disregard; to slight; to neglect.
Can a woman forget her sucking child? . . . Yes, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee.
Is. xlix. 15.
To forget one's self. (a) To become unmindful of one's own personality; to be lost in thought. (b) To be entirely unselfish. (c) To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, temper, or self-control.
© Webster 1913. | <urn:uuid:8ec80be5-99fe-4772-b655-d5cbe7b525be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://everything2.com/title/forget | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.837965 | 340 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Why should I appoint an Enduring Power of Attorney and Enduring Guardian?
Along with making a Will, the appointment of an Enduring Power of Attorney and Enduring Guardian is a very important part of any Estate Plan. These appointments allow you to nominate a person, or persons, to make important decisions on your behalf in the event that you lose capacity. As any person may sustain a brain illness or injury at any time, it is strongly advised that you make these appointments while you can for your own peace of mind that those decisions will be made by persons that you know and trust. It is a common misconception that these documents are only for the elderly. It is recommended that anyone over the age of 18 years (that has the mental capacity to do so) considers putting these documents in place.
Once you have lost capacity, it is too late to appoint an Enduring Power of Attorney and/or Enduring Guardian. If you have not appointed anyone in these roles, and you lose capacity, the Guardianship Division of the NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal (NCAT) may appoint someone to act on your behalf. This may be a natural person or a government body such as the Public Guardian or the NSW Trustee & Guardian.
What is the difference between an Enduring Power of Attorney and Enduring Guardian?
The main distinction between an Enduring Power of Attorney and Enduring Guardian is regarding the matters about which they are permitted to make decisions in the event that you lose capacity.
The appointment of an Enduring Power of Attorney formally gives another person, or persons, the authority to manage your legal and financial affairs. Depending on what you direct, this may include buying and selling assets, operating your bank accounts, and spending money on your behalf.
The appointment of an Enduring Guardian gives another person, or persons, the authority to make lifestyle and medical decisions on your behalf. These decisions may, for example, concern your place of residence, access to medical care and providing consent for the refusal of medical treatment.
Who can I appoint?
You can appoint one or more persons over the age of 18 years to be your Enduring Power of Attorney and/or Enduring Guardian. For Enduring Guardians, an additional eligibility restriction applies: the person(s) or a close relative of theirs must not be providing medical treatment, accommodation or support services to you on a professional basis at the time that you make the appointment.
The person(s) must accept the appointment and can only make decisions in your best interests. It is important that you are confident in the ability of the person(s) that you appoint to exercise their powers, as you cannot revoke the appointment once you lose capacity.
Contact our Estate Planning Team today for advice regarding the appointment of an Enduring Power of Attorney and Enduring Guardian. | <urn:uuid:d879b636-d59d-4e6b-b66d-83624b975719> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://willisbowring.com.au/enduring-power-attorney-enduring-guardianship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95014 | 570 | 1.695313 | 2 |
However, treatment of JPX9 cells led to an important downregulation of Zap-70 (compare lanes 6 to 8 8 to lane 5). second family of two proteins, Zap-70 and Syk, relay the signal of T-cell activation. We demonstrate that in contrast to uninfected T cells, Zap-70 is definitely absent in HTLV-1-infected T cells, whereas Syk is definitely overexpressed. In searching for the BLZ945 mechanism responsible for FynB overexpression and Zap-70 downregulation, we have investigated the ability of the Tax and Rex proteins to modulate Zap-70 manifestation and the alternative splicing mechanism which gives rise to either FynB or FynT. By using Jurkat T cells stably transfected with the and genes or inducibly expressing the gene, we found that the manifestation of Rex was necessary to increase manifestation, suggesting that Rex settings gene splicing. Conversely, with the same Jurkat clones, we found that the manifestation of Tax but not Rex could downregulate Zap-70 manifestation. These results suggest that the effect of Tax and Rex must cooperate to deregulate the pathway of T-cell activation in HTLV-1-infected T cells. Human being T-cell leukemia computer virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder, and is also SIGLEC7 responsible for tropical spastic paraparesis, a chronic neurological disease. In vitro, HTLV-1 can infect several types of cells, but it transforms only human being T lymphocytes. This observation suggests that T-cell-specific events induced by HTLV-1 illness may result in the lymphoproliferative process. T lymphocytes can be activated from the stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex with processed antigen in association with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products. One of the earliest detectable effects of receptor ligation is the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular substrates. The tyrosine phosphorylation events are regulated sequentially by two classes of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), the Src family and the Syk/Zap-70 family. First, the Src BLZ945 family kinase users Lck or Fyn phosphorylate the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) contained within the CD3 and subunits of the TCR complex (10, 23). Second, the Syk/Zap-70 family of PTKs are recruited to the receptor complex. Once bound to the ITAMs, Zap-70 becomes phosphorylated on several tyrosine residues (45), probably as a result of both autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by Lck (12). Earlier studies have shown that HTLV-1-infected T cells show altered manifestation of PTKs. For example, Lck is not indicated in HTLV-1-infected T cells, whereas two additional Src family proteins, Lyn and Fyn, are overexpressed (18, 26, 42). In addition, all the HTLV-1-infected T cells used in this statement demonstrate a downregulation of TCR and CD45. In the present study, we demonstrate that, in addition to Lck deficiency and to the reduction of TCR and CD45, disregulation of Fyn and Zap-70 may contribute to the unresponsive state of these cells as characterized by the inability to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2). We 1st BLZ945 shown that FynB, a Fyn isoform principally indicated in mind and poorly indicated in T cells (15), is definitely strongly upregulated in HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines and that the viral protein Rex is likely to be involved in the control of the splicing event that gives rise to this isoform. We also shown that one of the HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines, C91, exhibits a hyperactive Fyn enzyme which does not result from mutations. Rather, we found that Csk, a PTK involved in the bad control of Src protein activities, was poorly indicated with this cell collection compared to additional T cells. We then observed that Zap-70, which is definitely indicated at high levels in T cells, is definitely absent in several HTLV-1-infected T cells, whereas Syk, which is mostly indicated in B cells, mast cells, platelets, and immature T cells, is definitely indicated in HTLV-1-infected T cells. We shown that Tax manifestation is sufficient to induce this downregulation of Zap-70. Because recent evidence suggests that Syk can function individually of Lck and CD45 (13), we evaluated the effect of TCR activation on MT-2, an HTLV-1-infected cell collection characterized by the absence of Lck, Zap-70, and CD45 and by a relatively high manifestation of Syk. Whereas this activation improved the tyrosine phosphorylation of two proteins, Syk phosphorylation and activity remained unchanged. Our findings imply that several PTK abnormalities induced by Tax and Rex are responsible for HTLV-1-infected cell collection hyporesponsiveness to TCR activation and that Syk does not functionally compensate for the decrease of Zap-70 in these cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells. All cell lines were managed in RPMI with Glutamax supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin, and streptomycin (Existence Systems, Inc.). CEM is definitely a cell collection derived from peripheral blood from a patient with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Jcl20 is definitely a derivative mutant of the human being leukemia Jurkat T-cell collection which expresses both Zap-70 and Syk. HUT-78 is definitely a human being cutaneous T-cell lymphoma derived from the peripheral blood of a patient with Sezary syndrome. H9.
After addition of the 110mer RNA being a recovery control, samples containing equal levels of input nuclear extract (In, lane?1), the three -p43 bead fractions (Bound, lanes 2C4) and control bead fractions (Bound, lanes 5C7) aswell as the ultimate flowthroughs (F.t.) from the -p43 beads (street?8) and control beads (street?9) were treated with protease, phenol analyzed and extracted by north blot hybridization with probes particular for the 189?nt telomerase RNA as well as the control RNA. holoenzymes, which appear adjustable throughout species highly. Biochemical purification of telomerase yielded two protein, p80 and p95 (Collins et al., 1995), which bind to telomerase RNA also to telomeric DNA, respectively (Collins and Gandhi, 1998; Collins and Gandhi, 1998). Mammalian p80 homologs, termed TEP1, had been subsequently discovered (Harrington Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil) et al., 1997; Nakayama et al., 1997). Our understanding of the feasible functions of the proteins is bound to binding of p80 and p95. Telomerase from includes two accessory proteins factors, Est3p and Est1p, which were discovered in genetic displays (Lundblad and Szostak, 1989; Lendvay et al., 1996) and so are unrelated by series to p80 or p95. Small is well known about the function of Est3p, but a definite function for Est1p is normally rising: this proteins binds both telomeric DNA (Virta-Pearlman et al., 1996) as well as the RNA subunit (Zhou et al., 2000), and seems to help telomerase in finding and/or setting itself on the telomere (Evans and Lundblad, 1999). While these four telomerase subunits are dispensable for primary enzymatic activity (Lingner et al., 1997b; Gandhi and Collins, 1998; Bryan et al., 2000), at least Est1p and Est3p are crucial for fungus telomerase function (Lendvay et al., 1996). Various other proteins subunits have already been implicated in the set up from the telomerase holoenzyme. Telomerase activity from individual (Weinrich et al., 1997; Beattie et al., 1998) as well as the ciliate (Collins and Gandhi, 1998) could be reconstituted by merging the purified RNA element with TERT CACN2 synthesized in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Nevertheless, this set up from Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil) the telomerase RNP needs the contribution of elements given by the reticulocyte remove (Holt et al., 1999; Collins and Licht, 1999). In the individual case, these have already been shown to Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil) are the molecular chaperones p23 and Hsp90, which may actually remain destined in the energetic holoenzyme (Holt et al., 1999). telomerase RNA binds the same Sm proteins that immediate the transportation and set up of little nuclear RNPs (snRNPs), and in the lack of the binding site for these proteins the deposition of telomerase is normally severely decreased (Seto et al., 1999). We have now check out another telomerase accessories aspect, p43. This proteins was first discovered by biochemical purification of energetic telomerase in the hypotrichous ciliate (Lingner and Cech, 1996). The molecular mass from the isolated complicated was in keeping with an RNP stoichiometry of 1 molecule each of p123 (the TERT), the RNA p43 and subunit, which appeared being a doublet on SDSCpolyacrylamide gels (Lingner and Cech, 1996). Nevertheless, the chance remained that p43 might co-purify with telomerase rather than represent a geniune subunit merely. We survey cloning from the gene encoding p43 today. We show that proteins is connected with most or all energetic telomerase and that it’s linked to the La?course of protein, which are recognized to bind the oligouridylate stretch out on the 3?end of pol?III transcripts also to function in RNP biogenesis. Many pol?III transcripts lose their 3-Us as well as the La?protein, and so are exported towards the cytoplasm. Ciliate telomerase RNAs wthhold the 3-Us within their older form, therefore our discovering that among these RNAs continues to be stably connected with La or a La-related proteins provides new understanding relating to how nuclear retention of some telomerases could be attained. Results Cloning from the gene for p43 Biochemical purification of telomerase.
HNF4A binding is increased in HV in accordance with WT series (t-test), in agreement using the ChIP data (Fig 8B). proteins, and Cl-/HCO3- exchanger activity in hRPTCs had been higher in HV Amodiaquine hydrochloride than WT (+38.006.23% vs HV normal sodium (P<0.01, N = 4, 2-method ANOVA, Holm-Sidak check)). In isolated from newly voided urine hRPTCs, bicarbonate-dependent pH recovery was also quicker in those from salt-sensitive and companies of HV than from salt-resistant and companies of WT was normalized by rs7571842 however, not rs10177833. The quicker NBCe2-particular bicarbonate-dependent pH recovery price in HV was abolished by HNF4A antagonists. Summary NBCe2 activity can be stimulated by a rise in intracellular sodium and it is hyper-responsive in hRPTCs holding HV rs7571842 via an aberrant HNF4A-mediated system. Intro Hypertension and sodium sensitivity of blood circulation pressure (BP) possess hereditary and environmental parts. Sodium sensitivity is seen in 30C60% of hypertensive and 15C26% of normotensive adults. Sodium level of sensitivity, gene, encoding the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter 4 (NBCe2, previously referred to as NBC4). Barkley defined as the just gene in chromosome 2 that was considerably connected with hypertension within a pool of 82 solitary nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within eight genes of curiosity. Many SNPs within rs10177833 and rs7571842 had been connected with sodium level of sensitivity extremely, 3rd party of hypertension, in two 3rd party cohorts. However, small is well known about the standard cellular manifestation and function of NBCe2 in the kidney and if hereditary variants of donate to renal pathophysiology. The rat kidney expresses NBCe2 PKCA to a larger extent in the medullary heavy ascending limb (mTAL) and cortical heavy ascending limb (cTAL) also to a smaller extent in the proximal right tubule and cortical collecting duct (CCD). Xu et al hypothesized that NBCe2 ought to be located in the basolateral membrane from the mTAL and cTAL because there is no measurable sodium-dependent bicarbonate transportation activity in the lumens of the nephron segments. Nevertheless, those scholarly research were performed less than normal however, not high sodium intake. We’ve reported that in kidney pieces incubated with 120 mM NaCl previously, NBCe2 was localized particularly in Amodiaquine hydrochloride the subapical membrane and in compartmentalized perinuclear Golgi physiques highly. Raising intracellular sodium by raising extracellular sodium focus (170 mM NaCl, in the short-term (30 min), improved the luminal manifestation of NBCe2, noticed by confocal microscopy . Amodiaquine hydrochloride Furthermore, electron microscopy exposed that NBCe2 was within a subapical area in the hRPTC under 120 mM NaCl circumstances and migrated in to the microvilli under high sodium (170 mM) circumstances. However, in those scholarly studies, we didn’t perform long run experiments that analyzed transcriptional rules of NBCe2 via its gene (rs1017783 and rs757184). We examined the hypothesis these SNPs that are connected with sodium level of sensitivity of BP would raise the manifestation and activity of the gene item, NBCe2, leading to a rise in sodium transportation in hRPTCs. We further examined the hypothesis that improved manifestation and activity of NBCe2 due to the current presence of SNPs outcomes from an aberrant discussion between HV using the transcriptional regulator HNF4A. Components and strategies The human cells found in our research were obtained relative to a College or university of Virginia Institutional Review Board-approved process that adheres towards the Declaration of Helsinki and the newest version of the united states Code of Federal government Regulations Name 45, Component 46. hRPTC drug and cultures remedies A. major and immortalized hRPTC tradition Ten different hRPTC lines had been isolated from ten different kidney specimens from ten different topics, as described[17 previously, 36, 48, 49]. These cell lines have already been characterized using hRPTC-specific markers [36 thoroughly, 49]. Major (pre-immortalized) and immortalized hRPTC had been used. All cell lines were DNA fingerprinted to validate their continuity and origin. Four from the cell lines from four different topics had been genotyped by sequencing as having no rs10177833 and rs7571842 SNPs; they were specified as wild-type (WT). The additional six hRPTC lines had been from six additional topics expressing SNPs at both rs10177833 and rs7571842 in the gene; they were specified homozygous variant (HV). The development circumstances for renal tissue-derived hRPTCs and urine-derived medicines and hRPTCs to stop transporters, receptors, and second messengers are the following. The hRPTCs had been expanded at 37C completely moisture with 95% atmosphere and 5% CO2. The cells had been fed DMEM-F12 press (Invitrogen) supplemented with 2% fetal leg serum (FCS), 5 g/mL plasmocin Amodiaquine hydrochloride (InvivoGen), 10 ng/mL epidermal development element (Sigma), 36 ng/mL dexamethasone (Sigma), 2 ng/mL triiodothyronine (Sigma), 1x insulin/transferrin/selenium (Invitrogen), 1x penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen), and 0.2 mg/mL G418 sulfate (EMD Chemical substances). Exfoliated hRPTCs from newly voided urine hRPTCs isolated from newly voided urine from three SS topics from our medical study who transported. Amodiaquine hydrochloride
These total results indicated a caused a big change in the practical cellular number, which arousal is mediated by RAGE mainly. Open in another window Fig. mobile RNA to look for the degree of vascular endothelial development aspect (VEGF)-A and pigment epithelium produced factor (PEDF). To look for the aftereffect of receptor-for-advanced glycation end items (Trend), the siRNA for Trend was placed into ARPE-19 treated using a, as well as the known degrees of expression of and had been determined. Outcomes The real variety of living ARPE-19 cells was increased by contact with 5?M A but was decreased by contact with 25?M of the. Replicative DNA synthesis by ARPE-19 cells subjected to 25?M of the was decreased indicating that 25 significantly?M of the inhibited cell proliferation. Real-time RT-PCR showed the fact that known degree of the mRNA of was increased by contact with 5?M A, as well as the degrees of the mRNAs of and had been increased by contact with 25 also?M A. The addition of an inhibitor of caspase-9 blocked the reduce the true variety of ARPE-19 cells subjected to 25?M A. Contact with si-RAGE attenuated the boost of and mRNA appearance in ARPE-19 subjected to A. Conclusions Publicity of ARPE-19 cells to low concentrations of the increases the degree of PEDF which in turn inhibits the apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells resulting in RPE cell proliferation. Contact with high concentrations of the induces RPE cell loss of life and enhances the appearance from the mRNA of VEGF-A in RPE cells. The A-RAGE pathway might trigger the expression and in RPE cells. These outcomes claim that A relates to the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization strongly. (“type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”NM_001025366″,”term_id”:”1677537253″,”term_text”:”NM_001025366″NM_001025366) and 489C630 for mRNA (“type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”NM_002615″,”term_id”:”1519314182″,”term_text”:”NM_002615″NM_002615) had been synthesized with the Takara Bio, Inc. as defined at length [16C21]. Real-time invert transcription polymerase string response (RT-PCR) was performed using SYBR? The mark siRNA for Trend, sc-36,374, and a individual scrambled siRNA, sc-37,007, had been bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology as control siRNA. Transfection of ARPE-19 cells with the siRNAs was performed based on the producers process. Statistical analyses The email address details are portrayed as Hypaconitine the means regular error from the means (SEMs). Learners unpaired was dependant on real-time RT-PCR. The results showed the fact that expression of mRNA was increased only in the 25 significantly?M A 1C40 group Hypaconitine (Fig. ?(Fig.44a). Open up in another window Fig. 4 Induction of PEDF and VEGF-A expression in ARPE cells by contact with A 1C40. ARPE-19 cells had been subjected to 25?M A 1C40 for 24?h, as well as the expressions from the mRNAs of and were dependant on real-time RT-PCR using -actin seeing that an endogenous control. The amount of the mRNA of is increased only in the 25 significantly?M An organization (A). Alternatively, the known degree of the mRNA of is increased simply by 5? M A 1C40 and it is increased by 25 also?M A 1C40 publicity (B). Data will be the means SEMs for every group (by real-time RT-PCR and discovered that the appearance from the mRNA of in the ARPE-19 cells was elevated after contact with 5?M A 1C40 (and MED4 were also increased by prior contact with 25?M A 1C40 (into ARPE-19 cells, and exposed these to A 1C40 then. Our results demonstrated a knockdown of Trend attenuated the boost and loss of VEGF and PEDF expressions due to the contact with A (Fig. ?(Fig.7a7a and b). Furthermore, Si-RAGE attenuated the transformation of practical RPE cell quantities induced with the addition of A (Fig. ?(Fig.7c).7c). These total outcomes indicated a triggered a big change in the practical cellular number, and this arousal is certainly mediated generally by Trend. Open in another window Fig. 7 Relationship between RAGE and A in the expression of PEDF and VEGF. and had been assessed by real-time RT-PCR using -actin as an endogenous control. The control in each group was thought as 1 and display the amount of comparative evaluations in the experimental group. After 48?h of incubated using a 1C40, the living cellular number was measured by WST-8 assay. Knockdown of Trend attenuated the boost and loss of (a) and (b) appearance the effect of a. Furthermore, Si-RAGE attenuated the boost and loss of practical RPE cellular number induced with a addition (c). Data will be the means SEMs for every group (is certainly elevated in ARPE-19 Hypaconitine cells after contact with A, as well as the mRNA of was raised after contact with higher concentrations of the. Because these total outcomes can’t be explained with the transformation in.
J.B.R acknowledges FCT for give PTDC/SAU-NMC/119937/2010 – FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-021333 and FCT financially supported J.P.F. fundamental protein MBP and proteolipid protein PLP (respectively) by main rat oligodendrocytes was enhanced in presence of MN, but only on brain-compliant conditions, considering the distribution (MBP) or amount (PLP) of the protein. It was also observed that maturation of OLs was achieved earlier (by assessing PLP manifestation) by cells differentiated on MN-functionalised brain-compliant substrates than on standard culture conditions. Moreover, the combination of MN and substrate compliance enhanced the maturation and morphological difficulty of OLs. Considering the unique degrees of tightness tested ranging within those of the central nervous system, our results show that 6.5?kPa is the most suitable rigidity for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS), wrapping axons and providing insulation to accelerate the transmission of action potentials1. The process of myelination happens mostly during embryonic development and in early post-natal phases and is purely regulated by several molecular elements, such as growth factors and hormones. While fundamental Fibroblast Growth Element (bFGF) and Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) contribute to the proliferation of OL progenitors OPCs2, the thyroid hormones [Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and Thyroxin (T4)] control the specification and differentiation Azelaic acid of oligodendrocytes, also playing a role during the myelination of axons3,4,5,6,7. The loss of OLs and consequently their myelin sheaths causes anomalous nerve transmission and neuronal cell death, as it is the case in the course of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis8. In demyelinating diseases, the remyelination process may be incomplete for reasons yet unclear9,10,11. Possible reasons are the exhaustion of OPCs or the presence of inhibitory or absence of stimulatory factors at lesioned areas which prevent the differentiation of existing progenitors9,12. Another hypothesis is the presence of a disturbed extracellular milieu, since a particular balance between extracellular adhesion and matrix rigidity seems to be required for successful myelination and remyelination to happen13. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the acellular component of organs and cells. It really is constructed by drinking water essentially, polysaccharides and proteins, providing not merely physical support to cells, but biochemical and mechanised indicators essential for tissues morphogenesis also, differentiation and homeostasis Azelaic acid (analyzed in Frantz, C. play an essential function during oligodendroglial differentiation, recommending that such elements should be considered when learning the biology of oligodendrocytes and in putative Mouse monoclonal to CD45.4AA9 reacts with CD45, a 180-220 kDa leukocyte common antigen (LCA). CD45 antigen is expressed at high levels on all hematopoietic cells including T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, NK cells and dendritic cells, but is not expressed on non-hematopoietic cells. CD45 has also been reported to react weakly with mature blood erythrocytes and platelets. CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor that is critically important for T and B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation potential scientific applications using oligodendrocyte progenitors. Outcomes Characterization of mechanised properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels Polyacrylamide polymers are trusted within a cell biology framework because of their capability of modelling different levels of rigidity, which might be attained by obtaining different crosslinking levels by simply differing the percentage from the acrylamide (AC) and/or bis-acrylamide (BAC) monomers. The mechanised properties of six formulations of polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAHs) had been measured utilizing a rheometer, by executing 0.1C10?Hz frequency sweeps (Fig. 1A). The shear storage space modulus ((by rheometry) of six distinctive formulations of polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAHs) across a regularity sweep (0.1C10?Hz) in a constant stress (2 millistrain) and 37?C. Mean??SD from the Youngs modulus (B) or inflammation proportion (C) of in least three separate batches of 6 distinct formulations of PAHs (1C6). Desk 1 Formulation (in percentage of acrylamide AC and bis-acrylamide BAC), bloating proportion and Youngs modulus assessed by rheometry of distinctive polyacrylamide hydrogels (quantities 1C6). C Youngs modulus (Pa) Mean??SDusing the program GraphPad Prism 6. Statistical evaluations were symbolized using connectors (n.s.: nonsignificant, ***and the fact that combined existence of MN and compliant substrates improved the differentiation from the cells in comparison to cells cultured on PDL by itself, as opposed to what was noticed on TCPs, where no significant distinctions were discovered between PDLMN PDL by itself (Fig. 3C). Evaluation from the maturation of OPCs into OLs The maturation of oligodendrocytes cultured in the distinctive platforms was evaluated by analysing the appearance of PLP (an oligodendrocyte maturation marker), utilizing a equivalent approach as defined above for the differentiation marker MBP. OPCs cultured for 3 times in differentiation circumstances on Azelaic acid 6.5?kPa PAHs in existence of MN displayed an increased CTCF worth for PLP than cells cultured on PDL alone (PDLMN-functionalised PAHs ( Youngs modulus) was calculated in the measured viscoelastic shear modulus using the formula is Poissons proportion, assumed to become 0.5 for materials that usually do not differ its volume upon extend22,25. Rheological evaluation of PAHs by atomic power microscopy (AFM) Force-distance spectroscopy-based nanomechanical evaluation was performed utilizing a Nanosurf Flex-ANA program (Nanosurf AG, Liestal,.
(B) Proliferation of HK-2 cell with WTAP over-expressed assessed by CCK8 assays. Transwell migration(A,B) and the invasion capability (C,D) indicated that WTAP knockdown significantly decreased the number of cells crossing the membrane (A, C), in contrast, cell Inolitazone dihydrochloride migration and invasion were increased after overexpression of WTAP in both Caki-1 Inolitazone dihydrochloride and ACHN cell lines (B, D). Data represent the mean??SD from three independent experiments,*P?0.05. (TIFF 10013 kb) 13046_2018_706_MOESM3_ESM.tif (9.7M) GUID:?FAAB5646-C2D3-49B2-9F9E-C6D15130F87F Additional file 5: Physique S4. The expression of WTAP and CDK2 was positively correlated in RCC tissues. A scatter plot of WTAP and CDK2 Inolitazone dihydrochloride relative expression in the tumor samples which were downloaded from TCGA database (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/). (2-tailed Spearmans correction, R?=?0.1604, P?=?0.0039) (TIFF 3836 kb) 13046_2018_706_MOESM4_ESM.tif (3.7M) GUID:?4BF6ADD1-47DA-4B16-8A15-50C083E35A0F Additional file 6: Physique S6. WTAP regulated cyclin A2 expression in RCC cells and correlated with cyclin A2 expression in human RCC tissues. (A) Western blot analysis of cyclin A2 expression in Caki-1 cells with WTAP knockdown or overexpression. Cyclin A2 expression was obviously decreased in WTAP-knockdown cells whereas increased in WTAP overexpression cells. (B) The expression of WTAP and cyclin A2 was positively correlated in RCC tissues. A scatter plot of WTAP and cyclin A2 relative expression in the tumor samples which were downloaded from TCGA database (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/) (2-tailed Spearmans correction, R?=?0.25, P?=?1.3e-12). (C) WTAP knockdown or overexpression cells were treated with actinomyclin D (Act D). Total RNAs were harvested, and then subjected to quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Knockdown of WTAP could shorten the half-life of cyclin A2 transcript. While, ectopic expression of WTAP could longthen the half-life of cylcin A2 transcript. Data represent the mean??SD from three independent experiments,*P?0.05. (TIFF 938 kb) 13046_2018_706_MOESM6_ESM.tif (939K) GUID:?1C37A2E9-F07D-4888-BEFD-CF7CC90A76E2 Additional file 7: Physique S7. WTAP enhanced the stability of the CDK2 transcript. (A) Knockdown of WTAP could shorten the half-life of CDK2 transcript. Cells were treated with 5g/ml actinomyclin D (Act D) and performed the qRT-PCR. GADPH was used as another stable reference mRNA. The relative quantification was calculated by the 2 2?Ct method and normalized based on GADPH. Rabbit polyclonal to PPP1R10 (B) Ectopic expression of WTAP could longthen the half-life of CDK2 transcript. Data represent the mean??SD from three independent experiments,*P?0.05. (TIFF 604 kb) 13046_2018_706_MOESM7_ESM.tif (604K) GUID:?D38E804F-A061-4755-BD35-B3F2880A76FC Data Availability StatementThe datasets used and analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author in response to affordable requests. Abstract Inolitazone dihydrochloride Background Wilms tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) plays an important role in physiological processes and the development of tumor such as cell cycle regulation. The regulation of cell cycle is mainly dependent on cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs). Recent studies have shown that CDKs are closely related to the tumor diagnosis, progression and response to treatment. However, their specific biological roles and related mechanism in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unknown. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of WTAP and CDK2. The survival analysis was adopted to explore the association between WTAP expression and the prognosis of RCC. Cells were stably transfected with lentivirus approach and cell proliferation and cell cycle, as well as tumorigenesis in nude mice were performed to assess the effect of WTAP in RCC. RNA immunoprecipitation, Luciferase reporter assay and siRNA were employed to identify the direct binding sites of WTAP with CDK2 transcript. Colony formation assay was conducted to confirm the function of CDK2 in WTAP-induced growth promoting. Results In RCC cell lines and tissues, WTAP was significantly over-expressed. Compared. | <urn:uuid:cfb0f373-20ae-40b1-9080-1c53e3bb4b80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lassondecreatedav.ca/?cat=27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932845 | 7,464 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Verizon is pushing for phones to be equipped with technology to make use of unlicensed spectrum to speed up the internet and clear congestion, but not everybody’s happy.
That sounds great, say Google, Microsoft, Comcast, and others, except for one thing. The proposed system, called LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum or LTE-U, which relies on a combination of new, small cell towers and home wireless routers, risks disrupting the existing Wi-Fi access most people enjoy. For several months, the three companies have been among a group lobbying the Federal Communications Commission to delay LTE-U’s adoption pending further tests. All three declined to comment for this story, referring instead to an Oct. 23 FCC filing they joined that claims LTE-U “has avoided the long-proven standards-setting process and would substantially degrade consumer Wi-Fi service across the country.”
Let me put it like this: since the intricacies and specifics of wireless technology and its possible interactions are far beyond my own personal comprehension, I’ll just make the safe bet and side with whomever is opposing the carriers, which in this case are Microsoft and Google, and Comcast. | <urn:uuid:6a4d164e-4141-480f-8787-ada9cd025320> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.osnews.com/story/28992/tech-giants-say-verizons-unlicensed-spectrum-use-breaks-wi-fi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.927588 | 244 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Gambell (Yupik:Sivuqaq) is a village on St. Lawrence Island in Alaska, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 649.
Gambell is located on the northwest cape of St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, 325(200 miles) southwest of Nome. It is 58(36 miles) from the Chukchi Peninsula in the Russian Far East.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.4miles (78.6²), of which, 10.9miles (28.2²) of it is land and 19.5miles (50.4²) of it (64.10%) is water.
Sivuqaq is the Yupik language name for St. Lawrence Island and for Gambell. It has also been called Chibuchack and Sevuokok.
St. Lawrence Island has been inhabited sporadically for the past 2,000 years by both Alaskan Yup'ik and Siberian Yupik people. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the island had a population of about 4,000.
Between 1878 and 1880 a famine decimated the island's population. Many who did not starve left. The remaining population of St. Lawrence Island was nearly all Siberian Yupik.
In 1887, the Reformed Episcopal Church of America decided to open a mission on St. Lawrence Island. That year a carpenter, lumber and tools were left at Sivuqaq by a ship. The carpenter worked with local Yupik to build a wood building, the first they had ever seen. When the building was finished, the carpenter left the keys to the door with a local chief and departed. Since the carpenter had not spoken Siberian Yupik, the residents did not know the purpose of the building.
The Reformed Episcopal Church had not been able to find missionaries willing to live on St. Lawrence Island, so the building built for the mission was left unoccupied. In 1890, the building was acquired by Sheldon Jackson. He spoke to the Reverend Vene and Nellie Gambell, of Wapello, Iowa, about moving to St. Lawrence Island. Gambell was hired as a schoolteacher and the Gambells came to the island in 1894. They had a daughter in 1897. Nellie Gambell became ill and the Gambells spent the winter of 1897-
After their death, Sivuqaq was renamed in the Gambells' honor.
Gambell and Savoonga received joint title to most of the land on St. Lawrence Island under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971.
On August 30, 1975, Wien Air Alaska Flight 99 crashed when trying to land in Gambell. 10 of the 32 passengers and crew on board were killed.
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The president and CEO of the Charlotte Museum of History is stepping down to accept a position at a new museum in Washington, D.C.
Kay Peninger has been with the Charlotte Museum of History for a little over four years. During her tenure, the North Carolina native expanded community partnerships and led the merger and integration with Historic Charlotte, a nonprofit focused on preservation.
She leaves the museum for what she calls a once in a lifetime opportunity. Peninger will be the Director of Museum Education for the new Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C., which is currently under construction.
She’ll join another former Charlottean, Tony Zeiss the former president of CPCC. Peninger says Zeiss was one of the first connections she made when she moved to Charlotte and that they’ve worked together in the past. In fact, it was through a phone call to Zeiss asking if he could attend a museum event that led to a larger conversation.
“He mentioned he was looking for someone to lead their education department and I looked into it and decided it was something I wanted to pursue,” Peninger said.
When Peninger joined the Charlotte museum in 2013, it was a very uncertain time for the organization. It was struggling financially and was closed to visitors from May 2012 to December 2012.
Peninger’s last day will be June 23. Lisa Gray, an experienced interim director for non-profits, will manage the Museum’s programs and operations until the Museum’s board hires a new president and CEO. | <urn:uuid:ea78c580-e740-4b13-b069-213d55addfd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thekcompany.co/news-release/wfae-charlotte-museum-of-history-president-steps-down-for-new-d-c-gig/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982204 | 325 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Younger Adventists pave road ahead on church gay issues
March 30, 2015 | By Sheila Hagar | Union Bulletin
The Seventh-day Adventist Church has evolved on social issues since its founding in 1863. In official statements, it has taken stands for civil rights, opposition to slavery and for religious liberty, among other issues.
At the same time, statements have said leadership is “sometimes reluctant to take a public position.”
Adventist congregants, however, are more public — to the point of taking action themselves — when it comes to some things. And homosexuality is one of those issues moving toward the front burner.
On March 11 and 12, the Youth & Young Adult Ministries Summit at College View Seventh-day Adventist Church, across the street from Union College in Lincoln, Neb., hosted the first gathering of leaders of Adventist youth ministries to formally address lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender issues.
The event marked a significant step forward in the church, said summit leader Chris Blake, an associate professor of communications and English at Union College, an Adventist school. Read more...
When you subscribe to the blog, we will send you an e-mail when there are new updates on the site so you wouldn't miss them. | <urn:uuid:0a3ba3b2-064a-4956-be6f-651cbcfe25cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sdakinship.org/de/blog/entry/216-younger-adventists-pave-road-ahead-on-church-gay-issues | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952458 | 258 | 1.8125 | 2 |
IT 543 Applied Programming in Python Select Term:
This is an introductory hands-on course on Python programming language. We’ll cover the basic building blocks of the language including variables, data structures, loops, conditional structures, functions, and file manipulation. This course is designed to provide you with the ability to work with the data in a variety of tasks ranging from data pre-processing to data visualization and statistical data analysis by employing powerful libraries of Python such as Numpy, Scipy, Pandas, Matplotlib, and Seaborn. The exercises chosen to teach the concepts throughout the course are expected to provide a reference for an introduction to Data Science.
SU Credits : 3.000
ECTS Credit : 6.000
Prerequisite : -
Corequisite : - | <urn:uuid:e46a27e8-c0ec-4afd-b2a3-906a2918b878> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sabanciuniv.edu/en/prospective-students/graduate/course-catalog/course/IT-543 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.871069 | 162 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Here at MissionCX we take health and wellbeing very seriously. In that respect, we recently arranged Emergency First Aid at Work training for a number of our staff team, facilitated by Gen 2.
This comprehensive and practical one-day training course helped our team understand the roles and responsibilities of workplace emergency first aiders.
Participants were shown how to assess an incident, provide first aid to a casualty who is choking, dealing with external bleeding or hypovolemic shock, as well as how to administer CPR/use an AED (Automated External Defibrillator).
After a practical demonstration and written/oral questioning, all of our participants were awarded the Highfield Level 3 Award In Emergency First Aid at Work.
We’d like to thank Gen 2 for an excellent training session and congratulate those who took part on their achievement. | <urn:uuid:b2406210-07a8-45b6-8e2c-68c0ed9140fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.missioncx.co.uk/2022/07/02/team-completes-emergency-first-aid-at-work-training/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963607 | 172 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The Microsoft GDI contains a buffer overflow vulnerability that may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.
The Graphics Device Interface (GDI) is component of the Microsoft Windows user interface. Windows Metafile (WMF) and Enhanced Metafile (EMF) are image file formats primarily used by the Windows operating system.
Per Microsoft Security Bulletin MS08-021:
By convincing a user to view a malicious image a remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code. Note that Internet Explorer, in its default configuration, can automatically launch the Windows Picture and Fax Viewer as the result of viewing a web page and may be used as an attack vector.
Microsoft credits Jun Mao, Sebastian Apelt, Thomas Garnier, and Yamata Li for reporting this vulnerability.
This document was written by Ryan Giobbi.
|Date First Published:||2008-04-11|
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1. Learn to speak without moving your lips. Hold a finger over your mouth as if trying to tell someone to be quiet. This will help prevent your lips from moving. Gritting your teeth together may help.
2. Change your voice. A convincing “vent” voice must be very different from yours. Choose your “vent” voice carefully depending on what type of partner you want. If he or she is smart and witty, have him or her speak quickly, without stuttering. If he or she is unintelligent or slow, have him or her speak in a low, slow voice. The voice you choose helps to amplify your partner’s personality and helps bring him or her to life.
3. Bring your new friend to life. Decide what kind of partner you want. You must always make sure that his or her personality is different from your own, to give the illusion that you are not the same person.
4. Try to find a dummy that will fit that character. For example, if your imagined character is a young, energetic boy, don’t pick a dummy that’s an old man or a young lady. Make sure to pick the right partner for your needs.
5. Convince yourself that your partner is completely alive. Once you’ve done this, it will be easier to convince an audience. Try to make sure that, from the moment you pick him or her up (take him or her out of his case, bed, etc.) and grab the controls, he or she is totally alive. Have him or her tell you stories about what he or she has been up to, where he or she goes to school, etc. Even though you are technically making this up, it will help you believe.
6. Animate your partner properly. There are many different control schemes for dummies, but a good, average one that is excellent for beginners and even for advanced vents is one with a moving head. Be careful while purchasing your dummy that you don’t buy one with a string on the neck to operate the mouth. Buy one where you put your hand in the back, grab a stick attached to the head, and push a trigger to move the mouth. Try to observe real people as they speak, and have your partner mimic those movements.
7. Have fun with it. A big factor in being a good ventriloquist is having passion. You must always practice the art. Practicing every day will eventually make you a fantastic ventriloquist. You also don’t have to practice only by sitting and speaking with your partner. Play games with your partner, watch TV with him or her, bring him or her to family get-togethers and have others meet him or her. Whether you are taking up ventriloquism for fun or for a career, make sure you are having fun with it. The illusion of life doesn’t come easily, but you just have to believe in your friend to make him or her come alive.
Note: this is drawn from Wikihow’s “How to Be a Good Ventriloquist in Seven Steps”. In Week 5 of my residency, I’ll adapt this into a “How to Be a Good Ventriloquist in Poetry”. | <urn:uuid:db17bd36-5fb3-457c-868d-8c9243ac4700> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://poetryschool.com/manifestos/instructions-for-throwing-your-voice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974338 | 687 | 1.890625 | 2 |
CAS No: 81646-13-1
Name: BTMS Emulsifying Conditioner
Usage: Active ingredient in cosmetic and personal care applications.
- Skin irritation
- Serious eye damage
- Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure (Oral, Gastrointestinal tract)
- Acute aquatic toxicity
- Chronic aquatic toxicity
First aid measures
||Ensure supply of fresh air. In the event of symptoms take medical treatment.
||In case of contact with skin wash off immediately with plenty of water Consult a doctor if skin irritation persists.
||In case of contact with eyes rinse thoroughly with plenty of water and seek medical advice
||Thoroughly clean the mouth with water Do not induce vomiting. Call for medical advice immediately; show this safety data sheet
|General Fire Hazards
||Cool endangered containers with water spray jet. Fire residues and contaminated firefighting water must be disposed of in accordance with the local regulations. Collect contaminated firefighting water separately, must not be discharged into the drains.
|Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media
||foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder, water spray.
|Unsuitable extinguishing media
||Full water jet
|Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
||In the event of fire the following can be released: - carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide - Sulphur oxides - Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Under certain fire conditions, traces of other toxic products may occur.
|Advice for firefighters Special fire fighting procedures
||Keep away from sources of ignition - no smoking. Take action to prevent static discharges.
|Special protective equipment for fire-fighters
||Do not inhale explosion and/or combustion gases Use self-contained breathing apparatus and wear protective suit
Accidental release measures
|Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
||Use personal protective equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - no smoking. High risk of slipping due to leakage/spillage of product. Ensure adequate ventilation.
||Do not allow to enter drains or waterways Do not discharge into the subsoil/soil.
|Methods and material for containment and cleaning up
||Pick up mechanically Dispose of absorbed material in accordance with the regulations.
Handling and storage
|Precautions for safe handling
||Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Do not inhale vapours or dust Handle and open container with care. Provide good ventilation of working area (local exhaust ventilation if necessary). Provide good ventilation when handling large quantities. Avoid raising dust.
|Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
||Keep container tightly closed, cool and dry
Physical and chemical properties | <urn:uuid:b3b39490-c4cd-4706-8d25-ccd2e7eab805> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nzsoapandcandle.co.nz/product/2474319?bi_child_pid=2474320 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.826443 | 624 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Today is Good Friday April 10, 2020. The latest modelling shows that although Australia’s COVID-19 curve is flattening, talk of its suppression seem as a glimmer of optimism from the hopeful days of this year’s Ides of March and St Patrick’s Day.
Schools and universities are both closed and not closed. Happy social gatherings are a memory of an uneasy past summer.
In regional Australia, towns and communities which courted high hope of an Easter bounce in the aftermath of the Great Conflagration, are deserted. Packs of starving wild dogs roam ruined streets, nosing through debris, looking for scraps. Rural police patrols are perfunctory. Glock pistol shots scatter the dogs, and in some locations act as a warning to looters and strangers, sneaking into communities in search of empty holiday houses in which to squat.
Native flora rebounds with each autumnal fall of rain.
The air above Australia clears of carbon emissions.
Fungi devour rotting timber, scenting the air with a fusty odour.
Passing interstate truckies watch for neon lights around familiar bends, but find their favourite petrol stations-cum-diners shuttered. Menacing graffiti throw-ups disfigure timber hoarding put in place by business owners to save expensive plate-glass windows from vandals.
Crack cocaine is in short supply. Users are edgy, often violent. The rural elderly and frail remain indoors.
As winter’s chill begins, speculation mounts power supplies might become unreliable.
While toilet paper remains a coveted item, all types of batteries are sold at exorbitant prices. Methylated spirit and petrol and containers to carry both, are traded on a growing black market, as is soap and rodent poison. Rats roam city streets day and night with impunity.
Commercial radio stations increasingly play pre-recorded programmes, but the ABC remains true to its charter, providing a rolling coverage of news about COVID-19. News Corp attacks the ABC because of its perceived bias in coverage of a significant High Court decision.
City offices are forensically cleaned daily as are hotels used to quarantine cruise line passengers. And while debate rages over which authority allowed the Ruby Princess to dock at Sydney’s Circular and disgorge plague-infected citizens, little thought is given to the fate of foreign seaman who staff these white-painted floating RSL clubs.
Local councils consider disinfecting streets, especially around sites where rough sleepers congregate. As temperatures drop, night time jogging becomes a fad, as does cycling and skateboarding; anything to break the tedium of home isolation.
Remote and regional Australian towns and hamlets struggle with ailing Grey Nomads, many of whom are stranded by floods or border closures, and seek shelter in caravan parks now deemed COVID-19 hot spots by edgy local coppers.
Workers on non-essential building sites seem to believe wearing a high-visibility vest is a guard against COVID-19, and that social distancing does not apply to them. Meanwhile the management of those workers go to extraordinary lengths to prove their business is ready for the vaunted Snap Back. The Big Australian BHP, reinforces the stereotype with an inane advertising campaign seemingly aimed at currying favour with the Australian Government in case a potential bail-out is in the offing.
And as global capitalism teeters Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Treasurer Josh Frydenberg persist in characterising the pandemic as an economic issue.
The Great Drought finally releases its grip. And as farming communities celebrate the promise of a seasonal bounty,their spruikers in the National Party fail to grasp the reality of a diminished foreign and casual labour force. If backpackers and seasonal workers from the Pacific are sent home, unpicked crops rot.
As millions of believers in the religions of The Book prepare to celebrate a sanctified time, many among their ranks ignore the pandemic’s potency.
Despite a ban on driving beyond one’s home, a certain prince of the Catholic Church George Pell embarks on a road trip which crosses the New South Wales border from Victoria, to take up residence in palatial accommodation on Sydney’s outskirts.
And as Ultra-Orthodox Jews fail to observe social distancing rules in Israel, Muslims around the world come to terms with the need to cremate their mounting dead.
In the United States of America hundreds of thousands of devout Christians switch on televangelists in a vain attempt to ward off the ravages of their nation’s catastrophic response to the worst outbreak of illness since the incubation of the Spanish Flu in Kansas.
And as the Arts mourn the loss of many from its ranks, the actions of a buffoonish NSW Minister for the Arts diminishes the efficacy of art in a time of crisis.
And so the last words of my Easter story come with an apology to my favourite artist and poet, T.S. Eliot:
“This is the way the world ends, not with bang but a” … virus.
Henry Johnston is a Sydney-based author. His latest book, The Last Voyage of Aratus is on sale here.
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198 total views, 2 views today | <urn:uuid:054f0ee4-e28e-46f0-822b-d3dd631098bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theaimn.com/a-not-so-good-friday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.939631 | 1,126 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Bass Guitar Lessons
BASS GUITAR LESSONS
Learning the Bass Guitar is a lot of fun. When you take Bass Guitar Lessons at Manhattan Music, you'll learn that the importance of Bass Guitar player is often greatly underestimated.
Bass Guitar and Drums form the rhythm section of any band. Learning to navigate the neck, follow chord progressions, and play simple scales form the basis of a solid Bass player.
After drums, the most important aspect for any Bass player is to lock in with the other instruments like the Guitars and keyboards.
Our Qualified and Experienced bass guitar teachers will not only teach you how to play Bass but how you can start adding your own personal touch and express your musical personality as you play. We have bass guitar students of all ages from all over the Diamond Valley Region; including Eltham, Warrandyte, Doreen, Diamond Creek, Greensborough, Lower Plenty, Doncaster, Rosanna, Montmorency, Watsonia, Viewbank, Heidelberg, Templestowe and more. | <urn:uuid:7f1d9d45-a269-417b-977f-50ff9d26a8ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.manhattanmusic.com.au/music-lessons/bass-guitar-lessons/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937017 | 220 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The saving accounts of 400,000 Chinese depositors in rural banks in Henan Province were cleared overnight, and the incident sparking protests and a violent response.
On July 10, about 3,000 depositors protested outside the Zhengzhou branch of the People’s Bank of China, or central bank. A bloody clash broke out between the protesters and the police. Some depositors were severely beaten and had serious facial injuries.
A Twitter account named Wanjun Xie shared a video, showing many people in the protest were forcibly taken into a bus and escorted away by the police.
In another video, Wanjun Xie described the demonstrators as being suppressed by a large number of police, and many of them were arrested.
This user revealed that thousands of police officers were deployed to storm the protesters, and the conflict was like an ancient battlefield.
Twitter user Wenxingwu uploaded a video. He wrote that Henan bank depositors were beaten and arrested by underworld thugs hired by the government.
Twitter user Hoahoah reposted a picture from local savers, which shows a man beaten with blood in his eyes.
Sources said that a depositor hanged himself in the street in desperation. In a photo of the protest, a young boy holds a sign demanding the banks pay back their money because “I want to go to school”.
On the evening of July 10, Henan officials made a quick response after the incident.
SCMP reported that the Xuchang City Public Security Bureau in Henan explained that the investigation was progressing in an orderly manner. They said they have identified a suspect.
Xuchang police said in a statement: “It is now further confirmed that, since 2011, a criminal gang led by the criminal suspect Lu Yi has used the Henan Xincaifu Group to effectively control several rural banks, by ways of cross-shareholding, increasing capital and shares, and manipulating bank executives, among other means.”
Police said that the gang used third-party online financial platforms, its own platform, and a number of capital brokers to attract deposits and promote financial products.
The gang illegally transferred funds by means of fictitious loans, and set up a company to delete and meddle with data.
But SOH cited an analyst who said that there was a trap hidden in the police report.
The analyst said that the police’s use of the phrase “promotion of financial products” may mean that the money lost by depositors will not be characterized as “deposits” in the end, but become “financial products”.
The difference is that deposits can be protected by deposit insurance, but financial products do not have such insurance. This type of wording manipulation is typical of the communist authorities.
Under the Regulations on Deposit Insurance, depositors with a deposit of less than 500,000 yuan ($74.330) can receive full compensation. And those with a deposit of more than 500,000 yuan can only recover 500,000 yuan.
Meanwhile, there is no compensation for wealth management products in case of loss.
On July 10, Henan’s Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau and the local financial supervision agency also issued a joint announcement. They stated vaguely that “the relevant departments are accelerating the verification of customer fund information of the four rural banks and formulating a disposal plan, which will be announced in the near future.”
China’s cash crisis has involved not only rural banks. The four major state-owned banks have recently also encountered problems of restricting depositors’ withdrawal limits and suddenly freezing bank cards.
On July 6, a depositor in Zhejiang Province revealed that the Agricultural Bank of China illegally transferred all of his savings. The depositor called the police, and the bank’s customer service said it was using the money for a short-term financial project.
Some analysts said that the incident is raising a wake-up call for the Chinese depositors. They believe that this chaos signals a precursor to China’s financial collapse. | <urn:uuid:18d3862c-eba3-4a80-be71-861c0c929c3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thebl.com/china/chaos-at-banks-signals-precursor-to-chinas-financial-collapse.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969082 | 836 | 1.539063 | 2 |
One of the most notable known events of the Cold War — famous decades before Steven Spielberg’s movie “Bridge of Spies” — was the Francis Gary Powers episode. Next Sunday, readers can meet his son and learn more about it.
In 1960, Powers — flying a U-2 recon plane over the Soviet Union for the CIA — was shot down. The U.S. insisted he’d strayed while doing weather reconnaissance. The Soviets displayed wreckage, surveillance equipment and Powers himself. They canceled a major summit and held him for nearly two years before exchanging him for Rudolph Abel, a spy working undercover in New York. Abel went home a hero; Powers, under a cloud of judgment and suspicion.
As children of spies sometimes do, Francis Gary Powers Jr. has spent years pursuing and publicizing the truths about his father. His book “Spy Pilot” was one result (Prometheus, 2019), and next Sunday, he’ll be in Williamsburg to discuss it and take questions. (He also advised Spielberg and co-founded a Cold War museum in Vint Hill, Virginia.)
Details: 1 to 2:30 p.m., Brass Cannon Brewing, 5476 Mooretown Road. brasscannonbrewing.com, 757-566-0001. Free. The first in the veteran-owned brewery’s lecture series on the military, history, politics and science.
(Powers the pilot eventually was awarded the Silver Star, POW Medal, Distinguished Flying Cross, National Defense Service Medal, CIA Director’s Medal for Extreme Fidelity and Courage, and the CIA Intelligence Star for Valor.)
Jeffery Deaver: Tickets, free, are available starting Friday for a talk Oct. 7 by the internationally bestselling mystery/crime writer. 7 p.m., Christopher Newport University. For virtual, register. For in-person, get tickets at the public libraries of Newport News, Hampton, Poquoson and York County, and the libraries of CNU, Hampton University and Thomas Nelson Community College. thevplc.org or 757-926-1350.
WWII merchant mariners: Bill Geroux discusses “The Mathews Men,” about those seamen and their horrific struggle against Hitler’s U-boats. 5:30 p.m. Thursday. His lens: one family from Mathews, a county that for generations has reared merchant mariners. Slover Library, Norfolk. Free. Register: sloverlibrary.com/brinkley.
Hampton Roads Writers conference — 60 workshops and more, including talks by bestselling authors Leslye Penelope and Bob Mayer. Sept. 23 through 25, Virginia Beach. Mask and vaccination policy. hamptonroadswriters.org.
New and recent
“Alpha: Eddie Gallagher and the War for the Soul of the Navy SEALs” by David Philipps. (Crown, 480 pp.) The New York Times reporter covered the saga of the decorated SEAL, from accusations by several of his men that he committed war crimes in Mosul, Iraq — including premeditated murder of an unarmed prisoner — through his trial in 2019. Here Philipps asks, “How did the culture of the SEALs evolve to make a guy like this want to do it,” as he told another reporter, “and then make it so difficult to actually try and bring him to justice for it?”
Gallagher was acquitted of all charges but one minor count. Then, Philipps said, “all of a sudden, there were a number of silent professionals — men who would never talk to anyone and certainly not The New York Times — who now felt like they had to.”
Reporter Seth Combs, on the book: “No one person is blamed and no one organization is spared. ... Philipps is also highly critical of how the media covered the trial and how it directly influenced Trump to intervene.” (San Diego Union-Tribune)
— Erica Smith, email@example.com | <urn:uuid:485ebcb8-9c99-4464-a902-98dc5d6dbc2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pilotonline.com/entertainment/books/vp-db-book-literary-notes-091221-20210912-bikxfuukxzd7ne52wmjzzgx6wq-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946217 | 859 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Out of sight, out of mind: The hidden homelessness scandal
Over Christmas, Britain’s rough-sleeping epidemic focused attention on the homelessness crisis. But it’s just the tip of the iceberg. Thousands more people – many of them young – are staying on sofas, in shelters and in hostels, supported by places like London’s New Horizon Youth Centre
Rough sleeping is on the rise. Since 2010, the official number of street homeless people has risen by a catastrophic 134 per cent. To spend time in any town or city centre in the UK now is to come face to face with the people whose precarious living situations form these shocking statistics.
Yet street homelessness is only the visible tip of the iceberg. Recent figures from the charity Shelter estimate that, as of April last year, while 4,500 people were sleeping rough in Britain, more than 300,000 were in hostels, temporary shelters or unsuitable and overcrowded accommodation. These figures do not include those sofa-surfing who are not registered by local authorities as being in need of housing assistance.
A report by the London Assembly’s Housing Committee suggests that young people form a disproportionate share of the hidden homeless population – with young LGBTQ+ people at particular risk.
It does get annoying. You go somewhere new and start building up a life. You think it is going to stay like that and then you have to move again. And again
The New Horizon Youth Centre, near Euston Station in London, is on the front line. Last year its staff helped 2,450 young people with everything from securing accommodation and work placements, to fitness and music classes, workshops focusing on self-esteem, and sexual health.
Open daily for people aged 16 to 21, it also provides breakfast and lunch, showers, laundry facilities, a safe space and access to counselling and a nurse.
“What we are seeing is increasing numbers of young people coming through the doors who are homeless. But they wouldn’t classify themselves that way,” says New Horizon CEO Shelagh O’Connor.
“Our young people see themselves as quite apart. That guy sleeping in the doorway is ‘homeless’. But they are not. In reality they are, because they don’t have safe accommodation to be in.
“Sofa-surfing is common to the majority of the young people we see,” continues O’Connor. “It is not just your auntie offering you her sofa for a while. It is a stranger offering you a space to stay – and invariably our young people say that there are strings attached to that offer.
“So it can be a dangerous situation for young people to be in. As a society, we need to prevent that happening.”
Founded in 1967 by Lord Longford, New Horizon Youth Centre marked its 50th anniversary with an eye-catching #sofachange campaign.
The centre was refurbished in 2010 and is a lively space. Each morning young people arriving for the first time are given appointments with the advice team. Their immediate, short-term and longer-term needs are assessed, and a whole network of specialist organisations with which the centre has built links, can be accessed.
I had to shut up the voice in my head telling me it was dangerous. I was not in a position of power.
Yuuji is 21, and has been attending New Horizon Youth Centre regularly for the past 18 months.
“Sofa-surfing can mean a wide range of things,” he says. “There are different ways of doing it. I was using Craigslist. I knew it was dodgy but I had no other choices. This was with strangers. I could have rooms for free – but there were compensations for this.”
Whether for a week, a month, or a single night, this was how he spent last winter.
“It was more and more difficult,” he says. “I had to shut up the voice in my head telling me it was dangerous. I was not in a position of power. Anything could have happened. It is not something I was proud of – but a lot of places weren’t able to help me.”
Yuuji, like many of the young people who are hidden homeless, was working for much of this time. “When you are under 25, not earning living wage, you have to work so much you get demented. Double shifts, 90 hours a week, no housing. How do you rest?” he says.
With help from the New Horizon housing team, Yuuji is now in a shelter. He also has a new job with a coffee shop chain that pays the national living wage to workers below 25. He hopes to move into the private rental sector early this year.
[The emergency shelter] was not a good environment for someone my age
Marc, 19, began sofa-surfing after a family breakdown. He began staying with increasingly distant – geographically and in terms of their relationship – family members when he was just 16. His education has suffered. He had to leave one course when he moved to a different part of the city.
“It does get annoying. You go somewhere new and start building up a life. You think it is going to stay like that and then you have to move again. And again,” he says. “I look at where I am sometimes and think, ‘I was meant to be there two years ago.’”
Marc has also spent time at an emergency shelter as part of the No Second Night Out scheme, which aims to prevent people sleeping rough for any length of time. He found it a scary place. “It was all older people, or people on gear or crack. It was not a good environment for someone my age.”
Keerthy, 22, says she had to leave her family home because she is transgender.
“I was kicked out because I am transitioning and my parents didn’t accept it. I didn’t have anything to wear, I walked out with what I had,” she says. “When I came here, they let me have a shower, hot food and some clothes.
“I have met other trans people here. Not everyone knows what we are going through. Housing is so important. When I am on my hormone tablets I will need a stable place to be. I have no words – I am excited, scared, everything is going through my mind.”
“I’m working with housing here and the Salvation Army. They have referred me to a winter shelter. I am on the waiting list and have an appointment today.”
O’Connor explains why younger people often don’t show up in rough sleeping statistics. “They can be hidden because of sofa-surfing but also by staying in places where they are not visible – in derelict buildings, cars, stairwells or in tents parks or by the canal.”
For O’Connor, youth homelessness needs specific policies and specialist accommodation.
She explains that pressure on the services due to cuts to local authority budgets mean requirements for high priority have increased. This, in turn, leads to more young people sofa surfing or rough sleeping. As Universal Credit is rolled out, O’Connor expects more young people to become part of the hidden homeless.
“We see young people who aren’t getting payments for five or six months. Months. Not weeks,” she says. “That is the reality for some of our young people. Some people are falling through that net. These are administrative issues that are having a really detrimental effect on the lives of young people.”
For O’Connor and the New Horizon team, the plan is to use existing partnerships and 50 years of experience in the fight against homelessness to provide much needed accommodation.
“We desperately need more short and medium-stay provision in order to prevent young people descending into homelessness with all the inherent cost implications for them and for society,” she says.
“In spring we will be launching an architecture competition with McAslan and Partners, the architect of King’s Cross Station, to design high quality short and medium stay accommodation for young people.
“We are going out there to show how it should be done. And we will be working with local authorities across London to identify possible sites.”
Working closely with the London Mayor, whose new Housing Strategy gets a tentative thumbs up – although those working on the frontline are desperate for a pan-London approach due to the transient nature of so many young people’s lives – O’Connor and her team are hopeful solutions can be found.
“We can transform the landscape. We can create routes out of homelessness for these young people. And we can create really independent young people that move on with their lives,” she says.
“The cost benefit for us as a society is immense. All that money that could be wasted with the young person ending up in prison or the impact of deteriorating physical and mental health.
“We need to focus our resources and look at youth homelessness distinctly. Because these young people are not entrenched in homelessness as yet – and our goal is to prevent them becoming entrenched in homelessness.”
Big Issue Group is creating new solutions through enterprise to unlock opportunities for the 14.5 million people living in poverty to earn, learn and thrive. Big Issue Group brings together our media and investment initiatives as well as a diverse and pioneering range of new solutions, all of which aim to dismantle poverty by creating opportunity.
Learn how you can change lives today. | <urn:uuid:a634e87d-88cc-4119-b99f-9d1e400a2aa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bigissue.com/news/housing/sight-mind-hidden-homelessness-scandal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973011 | 2,034 | 1.867188 | 2 |
I read New York magazine, and they have a regular item called something like "We ride the shifting curve of expectations." They chart where cultural events like books and films fall on the cycle from hype to backlash against the hype.
In the past couple of weeks, I've watched oxytocin follow a similar path. Because I look at every news article and study regarding oxytocin, as well as all the blog posts discovered by a couple blog search tools, I can see what studies spark news coverage, and what kinds of memes spread.
Oxytocin hype has been rampant for the past three weeks. As far as I can tell, it got started with study led by Thomas Baumgartner at the University of Zurich showing that inhaling oxytocin increased people's willingness to trust other players in an economic game, even after they'd been shafted once. This is the team at the University of Zurich that did the very first human oxytocin studies showing that oxytocin increased trust. (Read my blog post about the previous research here.)
In this study, "We find that subjects in the oxytocin group show no change in their trusting behavior after they learned that their trust had been breached several times while subjects receiving placebo decrease their trust."
Some genius copywriter translated this to, "Oxytocin Makes Us Trust after Betrayal," leading to a spate of stories about how "Spray Said to Turn People into Pushovers." And it also led to my appearance on the Fox Morning With Mike and Juliet show.
Not to be outdone, Markus Heinrichs, who leads the Zurich team, talked to reporters (but did not, I believe, actually publish anything new) about their work using oxytocin to treat social anxiety disorder, which has been under way for several years. That sparked another news rush.
They mostly followed the lines of this one, Scientists Find Childbirth Wonder Drug That Can Cure Shyness, kindly sent to me by Blaine. Is that a sexy headline or what? The articles finally recognized the work of Paul Zak, who has been giving oxytocin to humans for several years, without a lot of notice. I didn't blog all these articles, partly because they were so ubiquitous and partly because I was finishing the manuscript of my book, ta daaa!
Already, though, oxytocin hype has faded into the final cycle, backlash. In part this is simply because news reporters have to come up with new stories every day. Once you've written a story hyping the prospects of oxytocin -- or worse, when your competitors have and you haven't -- where do you go from there but to write another one decrying the first. Ideally, at least in the olden days when I started my career as a journalist, you were supposed to find naysayers to quote in every story. But that was then.
The Neurocritic links to an ABC News story now insisting, "Researchers Balk at Media Reports Hyping 'Love Drug' Hormone's Effects."
And Paul Zanucci of American Sentinel calls it, "The Oxytocin Nightmare to Come -- Drugging America." I agree with his premise, and have been saying for a while that oxytocin will be the next Prozac. That is, while oxytocin-based or oxytocin-like drugs will be developed for social anxiety disorder and ASD, it will eventually be prescribed for much milder psychological situations. Zanucci writes,
Every time someone blows their nose, there’s a new prescription written for nasal sprays and antihistamines even though products like Zyrtec can now be bought OTC in generic form. Every time someone is stressed out by work, another prescription is written for anti-anxiety medication. People are happy as clams to pay $30 to $50 for the latest in pharmaceutical living, not considering that their insurance is paying another $300 behind the scenes and that their cost for insurance is going to go up again next year.
Nevertheless, I think calling this a nightmare is way too anti-hyperbolic. I'd much rather we revise labor, birth and parenting practices to allow individuals to form a healthy oxytocin response naturally. But our society is probably too sick and mechanistic for that. In which case, a nation of loved-out citizens who inhale oxytocin several times a day would be preferable to our extant war-mongering, paranoid, crabby society.
At any rate, I think we can shortly expect oxytocin to fall off the news cycle for at least a few months. | <urn:uuid:192e9f29-7182-4f82-a5e8-6134978fee19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hugthemonkey.com/2008/07/oxytocin-hype-and-backlash.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969854 | 942 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Are you unsure what an A-Wedge is? Maybe you have heard these irons called different names and don’t know the difference? It can be tricky to tell golf clubs apart, especially if you are new to the sport.
But fear not, we are here to help! Keep reading to find out what an A-Wedge is, its loft degree, and what it is used for today!
What Is An A-Wedge?
Let’s get right into it! An A-Wedge, A, or AW is often stamped on golf clubs. This stands for Approach or Approach Wedge which is a different name for a Gap Wedge. These golf clubs are clubs with a loft between a Sand Wedge (SW) and a Pitching Wedge (PW).
We often also hear golfers refer to these clubs as an Attack Wedge. Now that we have established what an A-Wedge is, let’s take a look at it in closer detail to learn more about this effective golf club.
An Approach Wedge or A-Wedge usually has a loft of 48 to 52 degrees. The most common loft that we see on these clubs is 50 to 52 degrees.
You will often get an Approach Wedge or Gap Wedge in a set of irons along with a Pitching Wedge, giving you a good range of clubs to get started!
We recommend that you think of your PW as a 10-iron and your AW as an 11-iron. These two wedges with a lesser loft can be used for full or fuller partial shots, such as 50%, 75%, and 90% swings for example.
This is different to Sand Wedges and Lob Wedges that are typically used for shorter shots around the green.
For best results, we always recommend that you use the right club for the shot you are taking. As you are likely to take lots of full or near full swing shots with your PW and AW, you will want lofts that give you a good distance in gaps as compared to your 9-iron.
Now, this all depends on your skills as a golfer, but you should be able to hit a Pitching Wedge 9 to 15 yards shorter than a 9-iron on a full swing.
This does also depend on how fast you swing your clubs too, so there can be some discrepancy here, especially if you are new to golf!
A full swing A-Wedge or Gap Wedge should carry about 9 to 15 yards shorter than your PW too. Now, the loft needed for proper distance does depend on the design of your irons and the lofts in your set.
You tend to see game-improvement iron sets aimed at beginner and high-handicap golfers that typically have stronger lofts than more traditional sets. These traditional sets will be aimed at higher-skilled players.
Be sure to check out our table below that shows you the progression of iron lofts in game improvement and traditional iron sets!
|Club||Tour Level Irons (Standard Loft)||Game Improvement Lofts (Strong Lofts)|
|4-Iron||24 degrees||19 degrees|
|5-Iron||27 degrees||21 degrees|
|6-Iron||30 degrees||25 degrees|
|7-Iron||34 degrees||28 degrees|
|8-Iron||38 degrees||32 degrees|
|9-Iron||42 degrees||38 degrees|
|Pitching Wedge||46 degrees||43 degrees|
|A-Wedge||51 degrees||48 degrees|
|Sand Wedge||54 to 58 degrees|
|Lob Wedge`||58 to 64 degrees|
Choosing An A-Wedge
So how do you choose the right A-Wedge for you? Well, golfers playing with game improvement irons or less extreme cavity-backed irons will choose a Gap or Approach Wedge that will fit with the rest of their iron set.
You will usually find iron sets made for mid to high handicap golfers include Approach Wedge options, while bladed iron sets usually stop with Pitching Wedges.
More advanced players using bladed style irons might want a more specific 50 to 52-degree wedge that will fit their iron set and complement their swing and the course conditions they usually play.
It’s even more common to see blade-style iron sets that don’t have an Approach or Gap wedge. Instead, the golfer can choose the wedge they want to use after their Pitching Wedge.
We recommend considering how you play to help you find the right A-Wedge for you.
The Different Names Of A-Wedge
As you might have guessed, the A-Wedge has lots of different names! These can vary depending on the manufacturer, so let’s take a look at some of the names you might find now.
- 50 degrees
- 52 degrees
- Utility Wedge
- Gap Wedge
- Attack Wedge
- Approach Wedge
All these names are for the same club that serves the same purpose. The names will vary from brand to brand, so it’s always best to know what they all are to help you find your new wedge.
After all, there is nothing worse than spending hours and hours searching for a new iron!
What Is The Difference Between An A-Wedge And Pitching Wedge?
Before you leave today, let’s look at the difference between an A-Wedge and Pitching Wedge. Approach Wedges (A-Wedge) will have more degrees of loft than a Pitching Wedge.
Hitting a full swing shot with an A-Wedge will travel shorter than a Pitching Wedge, but still further than a Sand Wedge.
While a standard Pitching Wedge loft is around 46 degrees, an Approach wedge has a loft closer to 51 degrees. Sand Wedges will have more loft, usually between 54 to 58 degrees.
And there you have it, an A-Wedge, or Attack Wedge, is used for full or knock-down shots to help you get closer to the hole. No matter the type of golf you play, it’s worth knowing what these wedges do and their loft to help you find the right one today! | <urn:uuid:82f389a0-e4f3-49ca-939d-95b819a3ce51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theindependentgolfer.com/what-is-an-a-wedge-what-is-its-loft-degree-and-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938203 | 1,344 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Editor’s note: The story has been corrected to reflect one of the two causes of high trucking prices is increased demand for trucking services during the pandemic.
Chalk up one more trend exacerbated by the coronavirus.
Shipping prices had already been rising the past several years due to a continued and growing shortage of truckers in America. The pandemic only made things worse.
“If you look at it now, truck rates are going through the roof,” said Eric Jessup, a Washington State University economist. And truck rates influence everyone’s bottom line, even growers’.
Jessup, an expert on agricultural transportation and logistics, discussed freight costs and shipping challenges in early December at the Batjer Address, one of the highlights of the Washington State Tree Fruit Association’s Annual Meeting.
The pandemic and its restrictions on dining, travel and in-person shopping has increased the demand for trucking services, particularly from home delivery firms such as FedEx and Amazon. That means fewer trucks and truckers to haul shipments of apples and pears, which offer lower margins. Meanwhile, the trucking industry relies on an aging workforce, many of them too vulnerable to work through the pandemic, even though trucking was labeled as an essential industry.
“Take the two of those; it’s leading to extremely high truck rates right now,” said Jessup, director of the Freight Policy Transportation Institute, funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
In September, the American Trucking Associations estimated spot prices for full loads were 25 percent higher than the same time in 2019, with smaller increases for dry van, temperature control and less-than-full truck loads. Most tree fruit ships under f.o.b. prices, with buyers arranging the transportation, not the spot market, but the prices are an indicator of an overall rise in freight costs.
The trucking industry, like everyone else, was caught by surprise by the pandemic and did not have time to pivot in the spring, said Jon Samson, executive director of the Agricultural and Food Transporters Conference, a part of the American Trucking Associations. For example, there was plenty of demand for groceries, but companies that specialize in hauling cars, for example, can’t switch to fruits and vegetables overnight because of geography and the physical design of the haulers.
Companies have been adding capacity since then and things should be better in 2021, he said. In the longer term, academic and industry experts have been trying to redesign the food supply chain to “make it more agile,” he said.
A toll on the industry
Trucking rates took a toll on the industry last year. Retailers will either push up the price of the fruit to compensate, which could decrease consumer demand, or choose to stock other products, marketers said.
The rates affect grower returns, too, said Roger Pepperl, marketing director for Stemilt Growers of Wenatchee. About 60 percent of fruit is shipped based on competitive ad promotion prices, which retailers can’t change overnight. So, they try to make up for the higher shipping cost with lower prices paid to packers, which translates to smaller grower returns.
“Ad pricing and regular pricing both can move up over time, but it takes months,” Pepperl said.
Normally at this time of year, shipping a load of apples from Washington to the East Coast runs about $9,400 per load, said Josue Gutierrez, transportation manager for Sage Fruit Co. of Yakima. This year it’s about $11,000. Intermodal rates are high, too, he said.
Due to the lack of economic activity caused by the coronavirus, trucks come less often from the East, making them more scarce in the Pacific Northwest, which produces most of the apples. Some trucking companies shut down entirely, Gutierrez said. Retailers and brokers have been more willing than usual this year to make multiple stops to fill up partial loads, he said.
The high trucking prices also pit apple growing regions against each other, said Steve Smith, marketing and business development director at Washington Fruit and Produce Co. of Yakima. Freight costs naturally go up with distance. He has noticed truck prices from Yakima to the East Coast running between $8 and $12 per box, unusually high, he said. That gives Michigan and New York growers a geographical advantage in Eastern population centers. The Washington label on apples commands a price premium, but that will carry retailers only so far, he said.
Rising freight costs also intensify the competition for shelf space with other fruits and vegetables. If retailers try to raise prices of apples from $1.69 per pound to $1.99, oranges at 99 cents per pound start to look more attractive.
All these freight dynamics wash out onto the initial producer. “It’s a very important component to the grower,” Smith said.
Jessup predicted all the changes will have long-term effects. For one, the trucking industry will only speed up its move toward autonomous vehicles, electric-powered trucks and hydrogen fuel cell-powered trucks, he said.
Meanwhile, Jessup is concerned about the coronavirus’ toll on the nation’s transportation infrastructure. The American Society of Civil Engineers already gives the country’s highways and bridges poor grades, and the coronavirus has taken a big bite from state transportation budgets, which rely heavily on gas taxes.
There might be some shift to source food locally but no overall shortening of the supply chain, he said, as some economists have predicted. The masses will still shop at Costco and Walmart, and those retailers will purchase from reliable producers wherever they are in the country. The population will simply be too large for anything else. By 2045, America’s population will grow by 70 million, according to a 2017 report by the U.S. Department of Transportation. That’s about the current size of New York, Florida and Texas combined.
“Do you think you’re going to source all that food … from a locally grown CSA?” Jessup said.
—by Ross Courtney | <urn:uuid:c4c826cb-29e4-4dd5-b400-028bea60b1ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.goodfruit.com/pandemic-brings-loads-to-bear-with-trucking-rate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955098 | 1,294 | 1.992188 | 2 |
By John Neville
COVID-19 kept me at home this year in the springtime so I was able to enjoy the birds in my own backyard on Salt Spring Island, BC. On May 9 I first heard the “whit” calls of a Swainson’s Thrush, Catharus ustulatus. The next day he tried out a few songs, then went quiet until May 17. Since then his lovely, flute-like, upwardly spiraling songs have graced my yard every day!
I don’t know when the female arrived, but they have chosen a thicket across the road from my gate to sing, call, and nest. It consists of alder and cedar, with a thick tangle of blackberry and ivy. The high tide line is about 5 m down a bank. He usually sings constantly from the thicket, with traffic passing about 2 m in front of him. Our yard, and the roadway north to the letter box is a little less than a hectare. Both birds visit all around this territory, singing or calling, but no further. Another Swainson can be heard just to the south and their territories abut. To the north, the next Swainson is about 0.5 km away. If I walk down the drive (straight towards him) he stops singing and sometimes gives sharp “whit” alarm call. When I or other people walk along the road past him, he usually continues to sing. His song is easy to hear throughout his territory and acts like a vocal fence. I’ve only heard one angry exchange of calls and songs with the bird on the south side when they met at their boundary. The birds are easy to hear, but hard to see, hiding in thickets and shady places to nest, feed, and vocalize. They are quite common all across the continent in the Boreal Forest and other woodland places south into the U.S.
Pacific Russet-backed subspecies of Swainson’s Thrush, Sooke, BC. Photo: Heather Trondsen
Our bird is a subspecies of Swainson’s Thrush called the “Russet-Backed,” located in the Pacific region. Its back is a rufus colour and it has brownish spots on the throat and chest. In other parts of the continent, Swainson’s Thrushes may have a grayish-back or be olive-backed in colour.
These birds are secretive, spending most of the time in shady areas. I referenced birdsoftheworld.org to find out that they eat: beetles, caterpillars, ants, flies, grasshoppers, and a variety of berries. The female was foraging in a thicket at the back of our property on May 22 and revealed herself by her “whit” and “whit-purr” calls. She allowed me to stay only 2 m away and continued to call for several minutes. I only knew that it was the female because her partner was still singing down by the water.
The beautiful ascending, flute-like song seemed to occur effortlessly all through the day. I recalled Louise de Kiriline Lawrence’s count of a Red-eyed Vireo’s song many years ago and wondered if I had the mental fortitude to count the Swainson’s song. So at 0400 on May 24 I sat-down outside of our kitchen door about 25 m from the waterfront thicket. Dawn was officially at 0520. However, the slightest hint of light in the sky seems to trigger birdsong. The Swainson gave two “whit” calls and began to sing at 0430. The female gave some accompanying “whit-purr” calls. He was followed 5 minutes later by a Song Sparrow and 15 minutes later by a robin. There were 255 songs in the first 30 minutes.
Dawn is the time when he is most anxious to defend his territory and in the 0500 hour, sang 473 songs. He has moved several times to the north and south but 90% of the time stayed in the thicket. He was just a little slower in the 0600 hour with 374 songs. It began to rain in the 0700. He took an 11-minute break but continued to sing while five cars and a boat passed. Very noisy young House Finches and starlings also made counting difficult but the total was still 299.
He continued to become more assured of his territory with 239 songs in the 0800 hour. His rate increased slightly in the 0900 hour with 344 songs. In the 1000 hour a very noisy coastguard hydrofoil went by causing the bird to increase his volume a little. A passing jogger made him change briefly to sharp warning “whit” call. He took a ten-minute break and still sang 246 phrases. His rhythm did not change for passing Canada Geese, Osprey, Belted Kingfisher, or a Bald Eagle imitation by a starling.
Singing frequency of a Swainson’s Thrush on May 24, 2020. Figure: John Neville
Spectrogram capture of one uprising song note of a Swainson’s Thrush.
There were only 146 songs in the 1100 hour, but there seemed to be communication between the pair. The male gave several soft “whit” calls between songs and the female responded with a more melodic “wheet” call. The male continued to sing but added several “wheet” responses between songs.
The number of songs really slowed down in the afternoon. 1200 hour -107, 1300 -120, 1400 -191, 1500 -79, 1600 -18, 1700 -47, and at 1800 only 44. I was relieved in the 1900 hour that the pace picked up again to 251. My concentration had been slipping during the slow afternoon.
The 2000 hour was even better – he sang 430 times, almost as fast as the 0500 hour! 2100 was officially twilight time. The bird sang another 104 times until 2125. During the last sequence the female added four or five “whit-purr” calls, before the pair settled down for the night in their thicket. After 3707 lovely Swainson’s Thrush songs, I was also ready for bed.
Thank you to John for sharing his story and observations with us! John Neville is a Birds Canada member and participant in the BC Coastal Waterbird Survey and BC/Yukon Nocturnal Owl Survey. He has been creating a professional quality catalogue of wildlife audio recordings since 1993. Neville Recording has produced over 15 productions featuring regional bird sounds across Canada suitable for beginners and experts alike. His most comprehensive work is Bird Songs of Canada, a four-volume collection with 396 tracks featuring 435 species. Visit Neville Recording at http://nevillerecording.com/nr_catalogue.html to find a complete list of his work. | <urn:uuid:44e2a3d9-748f-4305-93d9-b6e6141990f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.birdscanada.org/how-many-times-does-a-swainsons-thrush-sing-in-one-day-i-decided-to-find-out/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974006 | 1,466 | 2.65625 | 3 |
(CNN) -- When Tyra Smith's boyfriend, Chris Lewis, first suggested they be guinea pigs in a H1N1 vaccination study in August, she wasn't so crazy about the idea. But then she warmed to it: While she doesn't like needles, she thought she'd help out because she knew H1N1 was a serious virus.
To cut your risk of catching a bug, doctors say wash your hands and avoid touching your mouth, nose and eyes.
"I heard people might die from it," Smith said. "So I think it's a good idea to help people, by being involved."
Lewis and Smith, both from Baltimore, Maryland, were among the first Americans to receive H1N1 flu shots.
As part of a trial of 2,400 people, they gave blood samples and kept diaries of their symptoms, all in an effort to get an H1N1 vaccine ready for the fall.
Now that the results from this and other trials are in, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius announced that the FDA has approved applications from four manufacturers to make H1N1 flu vaccine, which should be ready for high-risk patients by October 15. She said there will be enough vaccine available for everyone eventually.
And that's just in time. With fall in the air and old man winter right around the corner, seasonal flu and the common cold are sure to follow -- and H1N1 is here; in its most recent H1N1 update, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said 21 states are reporting widespread flu activity.
This cold and flu season could star a cornucopia of viruses. Doctors say they worry the two flu strains (H1N1 and seasonal) could combine, further complicating the situation. Mix in colds, which are prevalent this time of year, and the immune system of Americans could be dealt a one-two punch.
So, how can someone tell if those sniffles they're having is something to be concerned about?
Infectious disease experts say people need to be aware of the symptoms. Dr. Shmuel Shoham, an infectious-disease specialist at Washington Hospital Center, says the common cold, seasonal flu and H1N1 are all respiratory illnesses, but they're caused by different viruses.
Symptoms of the cold are more common, and can make the patient miserable for three to five days. A patient usually has a stuffy nose, congestion, some body aches and a growing cough.
According to the CDC seasonal flu and H1N1 symptoms consist of fever, more painful body aches, dry cough, diarrhea and severe fatigue. It's hard, without testing, to tell apart the seasonal strain of flu from the H1N1 variety. Watch more on cold, flu and H1N1 symptoms »
"People need to take notice when they begin to feel bad. If they start to have respiratory problems, or are dehydrated because of a bug, they should go to the doctor. It could be H1N1 or seasonal influenza," says Shoham. "Some people with influenza can get very sick and could end up in the hospital if it's not taken care of."
People at greatest risk for catching H1N1 include young people ages 6 months to 25 years, pregnant women, and people with chronic health conditions like asthma, diabetes or heart and lung disease. The CDC recommends that these groups -- as well as health care workers -- get vaccinated first.
The seasonal influenza vaccination is especially important for people at high risk of serious flu complications, according to the CDC, including children ages 6 months to 18 years, people with immune system problems, women who plan on being pregnant during the flu season, those 50 years and older and health care workers.
But if someone doesn't fall into these categories, it doesn't mean he or she should skip vaccinations altogether. Experts say everyone should get both flu shots. "It's the best way to protect yourself," Shoham says.
Other than flu shots, are there other ways to stay healthy and avoid all of these bugs? Doctors say wash your hands and keep your fingers away from your mouth, nose and eyes. If you sneeze, sneeze into your elbow so as not to transfer your germs to your hands -- and everything else around you.
As for the myth about avoiding cold drafts -- forget it. "It doesn't seem to play out that sleeping with the window open, going out with your hair wet in the cold affects your immune system," Shoham says.
Also, keep your immune system healthy. That translates to eating well, getting enough sleep and staying active.
If you become ill and experience severe symptoms, see your doctor. Your physician may recommend antiviral drugs that can treat the flu. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaled powder) that fight the flu by keeping the virus from reproducing in your body.
Above all, stay away from others. If you have the flu, the CDC recommends you stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone. It's the best way to keep others from getting infected. | <urn:uuid:862d0068-7390-43e2-8c3f-45f5445087fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/09/18/h1n1.staying.healthy/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.970232 | 1,070 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Heat pumps are particularly energy efficient thanks to a design that transfers heat instead of generating it. However, this degree of energy efficiency isn’t always possible when something’s wrong. In fact, many problems can keep your heat pump from working effectively or even at all. To minimize downtime when something malfunctions, you need fast and long-lasting heat pump repair in Arvada, CO.
Lakeside Heating & Air Conditioning can provide just that. Our technicians are trained to quickly identify the root cause of the problem so we can review available solutions with you. After deciding on the best option, your heat pump should be back up and running in no time at all. Schedule your heat pump repair in Arvada, CO, by calling us at 303-412-8015.
Our technicians do their best to complete repairs as soon as possible. Not only does this help keep total repair costs down, but it also minimizes the extent of the damage. In fact, getting an issue resolved quickly can sometimes be the difference between a simple repair job and premature heat pump installation. Here are a few questions you and your technician can review to decide whether repairing or replacing your heat pump will be the ideal option:
Is your heat pump past a certain age?
When supported with preventative maintenance, heat pumps will last an average of 15 years. If your heat pump is approaching this age or has already exceeded it, replacing the heat pump may be more cost effective than repairing it.
Are repairs getting more and more expensive?
Noticing a steady increase in the frequency and total cost of repairs is a surefire sign your heat pump is starting to fail. When homeowners pay for never-ending heat pump repair, they’ll quickly end up spending more than what a new system would cost.
Is your heat pump short cycling?
Short cycling is a frustrating problem where a heat pump completes a heating or cooling cycle too quickly. It will shut down before the thermostat recognizes that the correct temperature has been reached, leading it to start the heat pump all over again. This adds a lot of strain to important components, potentially shortening the life span of your equipment.
Are you hearing strange noises?
Lacking combustion components, heat pumps typically don’t make much noise aside from some clicking and humming as a heating or cooling cycle starts up. Loud or unpleasant noises are often a sign that something is loose or malfunctioning. It could be anything from a screw rattling in the blower motor to a refrigerant leak. A technician can quickly evaluate the source of the sound to help you decide if repairs are worth it.
Are you keeping up with routine heat pump maintenance?
Investing in routine heat pump maintenance is one of the best ways to prevent problems from affecting your heat pump. While ignoring it doesn’t automatically mean your heat pump will have to be replaced, more time between repairs can allow problems to spread out or worsen. Calling for repairs quickly can help ensure that a repair job doesn’t turn into an installation project.
Heat pumps are effective, energy-efficient HVAC systems that deserve fast and high-quality care. Lakeside Heating & Air Conditioning is proud to provide that with our heat pump repair in Arvada, CO. If you need to schedule an appointment with one of our technicians, give Lakeside a call at 303-412-8015 today. | <urn:uuid:6ff7ef62-4880-4154-ac6e-454c4f8e38be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lakesideheating.com/heat-pump-services/repair/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937502 | 699 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Function takes precedence over a Diagnosis. The way the body works does not change to suit the current popular diagnosis. Neurology, physiology and anatomy in the human body do not change and cannot be ignored, separated, or changed to fit the latest popular meme. By understanding the normal neurology, physiology and anatomy, dysfunction can be recognized. By recognizing the dysfunction, you will understand the effect. Each rationalizes into a procedure that we hope will eliminate the cause of disease and alters the effect back to normal health.
A Diagnosis is not a permanent label to be tattooed on your forehead. Too many use a diagnosis as their calling card. Nevertheless, Diagnosis du jours are treated as if they are entities that enter the body seeking to do harm.
If the diagnosis is in error. The treatment will be in error.Dr. Dave
Diagnosis du jours have become incurable. If the Diagnosis is in error. The treatment is in error. Chasing Diagnosis du jours and effectively ineffective treatments makes it near impossible to recover. It is symptom suppression at best.
Trying to be Symptom Free
A lack of symptoms due to symptom suppression is not healthy. Returning to normal daily activities and exercise without restriction is “Better”. Being able to diversify your diet without restriction is “Better”. Before you go all “I tested Positive for food antibodies ten years ago.” So did I. Gluten, beef, eggs and coffee would make me flop on the floor like a fish, when I was experiencing my Cytokine Storms.
Your immune system works to recognize and identify an infection or injury in the body. This causes an immune response, with the goal of restoring normal function. Many people think that they get sick, their symptoms are a sign that they have a virus or an infection.
However, your symptoms are actually a sign that your body has triggered an immune response. When you have a cold, you feel run down, your nose is runny, you feel congested—these are the symptoms people complain about. People think ‘I’m so sick, this is terrible. Why doesn’t my immune system work?’ But with every one of these cold symptoms, that is your immune system at work. A fever is your immune system heating up the body to kill the microbes.
Yet how do they treat the fever. By cooling it or suppressing it, which allows the strongest microbes to survive to live and pass on their more resilient genes to another generation of microbes.
Non-resolving inflammation is a major driver of disease. Perpetuation of inflammation is an inherent risk because inflammation can damage tissue and necrosis can provoke inflammation. Nonetheless, multiple mechanisms normally ensure resolution. Cells like macrophages switch phenotypes, secreted molecules like reactive oxygen intermediates switch impact from pro- to anti-inflammatory, and additional mediators of resolution arise, including Hormones, neurotransmitters, proteins, lipids, and gasotransmitters.
The five states of inflammAging are as follows:, low-grade, controlled, asymptomatic, chronic, and systemic. Chronic inflammation has many features of acute inflammation but is usually of low grade and persistent, resulting in responses that lead to tissue degeneration. However, the inflammation during inflammAging is NOT in a controlled inflammatory state. The Immune Response in the process of InflammAging belongs to Non-Resolving Inflammation.
Boosting, Stimulating, Strengthening the Immune Response
Frequently, acute and chronic inflammation coexist over long periods, implying continual re-initiation. Examples are found in rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and cancers where cellular structures are infiltrated both by macrophages and immature myeloid cells.
By altering the normal development of blood and immune responses, through the constant use of “protective” Immune stimulating / strengthening / boosting supplements accelerate aging and disease in many other parts of the body. Inflammation is recognized as an important overall driver of aging, and a strong linkage between the two has led to the term “InflammAging.” For example, if immune stimulating supplements are driving the creation of more immune cells, they may ultimately be responsible for the increase in inflammation, the aging of tissues and/or the production of autoaggressive immune responses throughout the body.
InflammAging creates the presupposition that the immune system needs boosting, strengthening, and stimulation.
Which creates more Immunosenescence.
Which Creates more InflammAging.
Senescence or biological aging is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics and loss of a cell’s function.
Immunosenescence is the gradual deterioration of the immune system brought on by long term boosting, stimulating, and/or strengthening of the immune system.
A major role in immunosenescence is played by the environmental conditions. The main characteristic of immunosenescence is influenced by “immunobiography”, defined as the combination of type, dose, intensity, and temporal sequence of immune responses that each individual is exposed throughout life. Owing to its memory and adaptability, the immune system is capable of remembering all these immunological experiences. The immunological history of each individual is responsible for the capability to mount strong, weak, or no-response to specific antigens, thus determining the immunological responses in the individual.
The continuous wearing down of the immune response caused by clinical and subclinical infections, as well as the persistent exposure to Immune Boosting / Strengthening / Stimulating Supplements correlates with chronic activation of the immune system by causing a low-grade sterile inflammation resulting in immunosenescence of the Immune System.
Receiving a Diagnosis
If Dr. Dave gives a patient a diagnosis it is:
- Life Threatening
- License Stealing if it is missed.
A diagnosis ensures Doctors will get pain by the Insurers. Not restore your health. | <urn:uuid:2e25d486-e273-4820-ac8c-6895a5e6de68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stlwa.com/function-over-diagnosis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.923626 | 1,290 | 2.40625 | 2 |
©Copyright 2018 GEOSCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
11060 Campus Street • Loma Linda, California 92350 • 909-558-4548
GENOMES AND DESIGN
Timothy G. Standish
Geoscience Research Institute
In recent years the publication of new genomes has become almost routine. During November of 2006, Science published the genome of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Because of the purported relationship between sea urchins and chordates, this creature’s genome is of particular interest due to the information it brings to bear on the origin of these creatures and their genetic makeup. Current taxonomies classify echinoderms, including sea urchins, with the deuterostomes which also include hemichordates and chordates. Within a Darwinian framework, this means that all genes shared by humans and sea urchins must have been present in a common ancestor shared sometime before Cambrian strata, which contain both chordate and echinoderm fossils, formed.
Perhaps the most surprising discoveries during comparison of the S. purpuratus genome with other sequenced genomes have been the number of genes present and the similarity between those genes and the genes of other deuterostomes. The estimated number of genes in S. purpuratus is 23,300, which is very similar to estimates from other genomes including the human genome. This is particularly surprising from an evolutionary perspective because two whole genome duplications resulting in four copies of the ancestral genome are thought to be necessary to account for the chordate genome. Because genome duplications are not invoked in echinoderms, the number of genes must be accounted for by a different mechanism in which many small duplications occurred. Thus, the Darwinian explanation for gene number similarity results in an explanation that is unparsimonious despite the similarity in the gene number estimates.
Comparison of gene families between the S. purpuratus genome and genomes of other deuterostomes reveals a remarkable lack of novelty. “[T]he distribution of proteins among those conserved families shows the trend of expansion and shrinkage of the preexisting protein families, rather than frequent gene innovation or loss.” This means that the truly difficult task of inventing new kinds of genes must have occurred before the split between chordates and echinoderms. Within a conventional framework, this removes over half a billion years from the time available for genes shared among deuterostomes to evolve via the neo-Darwinian mutation- selection mechanism.
It has been shown that gene duplication is not a viable mechanism for production of genes with new functions, even within gene families. Presumably this means that creation of the truly novel genes from which the various gene families are supposed to have developed via duplication and modification would be a significantly more difficult achievement. Thus, production of the original genes from which Darwinists hypothesize gene families are derived must be that much further beyond the capacity of Darwinian processes. The truly surprising finding is that S. purpuratus shares genes thought to be vertebrate specific. These include genes involved in adaptive immunity and virtually the entire set of genes involved with Usher syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting hearing, balance and sight. But the situation is made worse by comparison of the S. purpuratus genome with protostome bilaterians. It turns out that “bilaterian genes are more broadly shared” than previously thought, further reducing the window of time for mutation and selection to produce these genes.
Some genes are unique to S. purpuratus and a subset of these provide unique opportunities to examine the time available for their evolution within a Darwinian framework. Among the most informative of these unique echinoderm genes are those involved in forming stereom, the distinctive endoskeletal tissue found in all echinoderms. It is now proposed that “the specific stereom matrix gene battery (i.e., the variety of structural functions encoded in its diverse proteins, plus its regulatory controls) must have been assembled as such in Early Cambrian time.” The time span suggested for evolution of this suite of genes and its regulatory controls is from 542 – 520 Ma or approximately 22 million years. This brings much more focus to questions about how much time and what has to be achieved given Darwinian assumptions of mechanism and time. Publication of this genome allows for more realistic evaluation of what the neo-Darwinian mechanism is claimed to have achieved, even within a framework of long ages.
An unusual aspect of publication of this particular genome was the co-publication of papers detailing when specific genes are active in the genome. This was made possible in part by the fact that S. purpuratus has been a model organism for the study of development for some time. This study revealed that about half the identified genes in this organism are active during embryogenesis. On the surface this might appear to support the hypothesis of Lynn Margulis that creatures may expand their genomes by “fusing” their genomes with those of other organisms. Thus “Acquired traits can be inherited not as traits but as genomes.” In developing this “symbiotic” version of evolutionary history, she embraces the ideas of Donald I. Williamson who explains organisms that have distinctly different larval and adult stages as the product of blended genomes of two distinctly different organisms and specifically cites sea urchins as an example of an organism which acquired the genes for its larval stage from another organism. The problem is that certain classes of genes, (e.g., most transcription factors and signaling proteins) are expressed during embryogenesis, making the theory that genes from one genome are expressed early in development while those from the “adult” genome are expressed later untenable.
Since publication of the first multicellular eukaryotic genome, Caenorhabditis elegans, in 1998, publication of each successive genome has invariably revealed findings which are surprising within a Darwinian framework and almost unavoidably described in terms of design. The sea urchin genome is no exception to this. For Biblical creationists, “unexpected sophistication in the urchin genome” is expected, not unexpected. The idea that in different organisms “the same [genes] are used in different ways,” much as engines and pumps may use pistons in different ways is unlikely to leave those familiar with how machines are designed “scratching their heads.”
Most creationists will be impressed with the design language used when describing the sea urchin genome. The S. purpuratus genome will help us “understand on sight the logic functions they execute in response to the sets of transcription factors in given cells at given times.” “The sea urchin genome will directly contribute to solving the principles of design of gene regulatory networks for embryonic development.” “Such principles can only be obtained by comparing network architecture in different animals developing in similar or different ways.” “The genome will not only provide the ‘code’ for development but will also contribute to linkage between gene regulatory networks and the actual realization of developmental events.” “It remains to connect the genes that execute these functions to the control circuitry that specifies their occurrence.” As with previously published genomes, the sea urchin genome makes Darwinian explanations appear significantly less tenable while at the same time exhibiting the characteristics of a brilliantly designed creation.
Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium. 2006. The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Science 314:941-952.
Ibid., p 943.
Behe BJ, Snoke DW. 2004. Simulating evolution by gene duplication of protein features that require multiple amino acid residues. Protein Science 13:2651-2664.
Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium, p 950.
BottjerDJ,DavidsonEH,PetersonKJ,CameronAR.2006.PaleogenomicsofEchino- derms. Science 314:956-960.
Ibid., p 958.
See the December 1, 2006 issue of Developmental Biology 300:1-496.
Margulis L, Sagan D. 2002. Acquiring Genomes: A theory of the origins of species. Basic Books, p 41.
Williamson DI. 2006. Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148:585–602.
Samanta MP, Tongprasit W, Istrail S, Cameron RA, Tu Q, Davidson EH, Stolc V. 2006. The transcriptome of the sea urchin embryo. Science 314:960-962.
C.elegansSequencingConsortium.1998.GenomesequenceofthenematodeC.elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science 282:2012-2018.
PennisiE.2006.Seaurchingenomeconfirmskinshiptohumansandothervertebrates. Science 314:908-909.
George Weinstock quoted in Pennisi E. 2006. Sea urchin genome confirms kinship to humans and other vertebrates. Science 314:909.
All quotes in this paragraph are from column 3 on p 939 of Davidson EH. 2006. The sea urchin genome: Where will it lead us? Science 314:939-940. | <urn:uuid:b5f81708-199c-44f7-b5a3-d9ca25dceee7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.grisda.org/origins-60061 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.903382 | 2,047 | 3.625 | 4 |
The New York Times bestseller and international multimedia phenomenon!
In each generation, for thousands of years, twelve Players have been ready. But they never thought Endgame would happen. Until now.
Omaha, Nebraska. Sarah Alopay stands at her graduation ceremony—class valedictorian, star athlete, a full life on the horizon. But when a meteor strikes the school, she survives. Because she is the Cahokian Player. Endgame has begun.
Juliaca, Peru. At the same moment, thousands of miles away, another meteor strikes. But Jago Tlaloc is safe. He has a secret, and his secret makes him brave. Strong. Certain. He is the Olmec Player. He's ready. Ready for Endgame.
Across the globe, twelve meteors slam into Earth. Cities burn. But Sarah and Jago and the ten others Players know the truth. The meteors carry a message. The Players have been summoned to The Calling. And now they must fight one another in order to survive. All but one will fail. But that one will save the world. This is Endgame.
Frey and Johnson-Shelton open an ambitious trilogy, designed to play out over multiple media platforms, including mobile games. Ostensibly, it's about 12 teenage Players, each representing a different bloodline from which all humanity is descended, who have been called together by the arrival of a meteor that signals Endgame the point at which they must find three keys that will allow only one line to survive an apocalyptic event. As they outwit and outfight one another, they solve riddles and clues designed to help them succeed in their tasks. In addition, readers who solve the enclosed puzzles can compete to locate a (real-life) hidden treasure of gold coins. The premise is engaging, in a Hunger Games meets National Treasure sort of way, and the diverse global cast is welcome, but the choppy, disjointed prose ("Nothing happens. The stars are out. They stare. Wait") quickly wears thin. The narrative shifts frequently among the overlarge cast, and it's too soon to tell what's signal and what's noise in the overabundance of details. Ages 14 up. | <urn:uuid:c36a07d1-6baf-429c-8663-edcdf5de599d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.apple.com/ca/book/endgame-the-calling/id807827837 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945818 | 479 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Two of the most common traffic violations in New Jersey involve N.J.S.A. 39:4:98 and N.J.S.A. 39:4-99, which include a variety of speeding offenses ranging from traveling14 miles per hour to 30 miles per hour or more above the posted speed limit.
If you are caught traveling in excess of the posted speed limit, you could face fines, points on your driving record, and other penalties. Courts view speeding as a serious offense, and therefore ensure that the act comes with serious consequences.
Don’t take on this fight alone. Contact an experienced New Jersey criminal defense attorney with the Law Office of Matthew V. Portella, LLC to learn more about your options and defenses.
In 2018, speeding was a factor in thousands of fatal car accidents across the United States. It accounted for the deaths of 9,378 people according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, making up 26% of total traffic fatalities that year.
In fact, 30% of men and 18% of women between the ages of 15-20 years old involved in a fatal accident in 2018 were speeding.
Reasons People Speed
Speeding is common driving behavior. There are a number of reasons people speed, including:
- Traffic: Congested traffic can be frustrating. For this reason, drivers involved in congested traffic employ a number of aggressive driving techniques, including erratically changing lanes or speeding, in order to make up for any progress that may have been impeded by the traffic.
- Running Late: Some people speed because they are running late for things such as work, school, a sporting event, or an appointment, and believe exceeding the posted speed limit will get them to their destination in a more timely manner.
Posted and Non-posted Speed Limits
Drivers are required to abide by posted rates of speed. In New Jersey, drivers must be aware of a number of set speed limits that may not be posted, including:
- School zones — especially during recess, when children are clearly present, and during opening and closing hours when children are traveling to and from school — where the speed limit is 25 miles per hour.
- Business and residential districts where the speed limit is 25 miles per hour.
- Suburban business and residential districts where the speed limit is 35 miles per hour.
All other locations fall under the speed limit of 50 miles per hour, unless otherwise posted or otherwise provided under the “Sixty-Five MPH Speed Limit Implementation Act.” New Jersey statutes also require drivers to reduce their speeds when approaching an intersection, railway crossings, curves, hillcrests, any narrow or winding roadways, and when special hazards are present, including pedestrians, other traffic, weather, and highway conditions.
Consequences for Speeding
New Jersey courts treat speeding as a serious offense. Speed limit violations with convictions carry points. The number of points depends on the amount of speed the driver was traveling above the speed limit. These points are recorded on your driving record and can increase your automobile insurance rates. In New Jersey, point classifications for speeding include:
- 2 points for exceeding the maximum speed by 1-14 miles per hour
- 4 points for exceeding the maximum speed by 15-29 miles per hour
- 5 points for exceeding the maximum speed by 30 or more miles per hour
You can be given a $150 surcharge for accumulating six points over 3 years. Each additional point will cost you a $25 surcharge. Your license may also be suspended if you receive 12 or more points.
In addition to points on your driving record, you are subject to a fine. New Jersey speeding ticket fines are determined by speed and include:
- $85 for exceeding the maximum speed by 1-9 miles per hour
- $95 for exceeding the maximum speed by 10-14 miles per hour
- $105 for exceeding the maximum speed by 15-19 miles per hour
- $200 for exceeding the maximum speed by 20-24 miles per hour
- $220 for exceeding the maximum speed by 25-29 miles per hour
- $240 for exceeding the maximum speed by 30-24 miles per hour
- $260 for exceeding the maximum speed by 35-39 miles per hour
Fines are doubled for drivers who are found going 10 miles per hour or more over a speed limit that is 65 miles per hour or more. Drivers can contest a ticket by appearing in court and paying a $33 court cost over and above the fines. Failing to pay the fine or appear in court to contest the ticket could lead to your license being suspended or a warrant being issued for your arrest.
Contact an experienced criminal defense attorney
If you were issued a speeding ticket, contact the experienced criminal defense attorney at the Law Office of Matthew V. Portella, LLC. Our qualified lawyer has over 25 years of experience successfully representing New Jersey drivers. Call 856-310-9800 to schedule a free consultation today. | <urn:uuid:580364d6-0a3c-4355-957b-078d54cdf3c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mvplawoffice.com/new-jersey-speeding-attorney/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944042 | 1,024 | 1.945313 | 2 |
This impressive book was published in conjunction with an exhibition curated by Frankfurt’s Staedel Museum.
Is there such a thing as ”Impressionist sculpture”? Since 1881 when Edgar Degas presented Little Dancer Aged Fourteen at the Sixth Impressionist Exhibition in Paris, the term has existed along with the discourse around it. This book is dedicated to the extensive examination of the question what it would mean to translate the characteristics of Impressionist painting, such as light, colour, ephemerality, and the ethereal, into sculpture. The book examines the artistic processes that traverse genres in which one medium is enhanced by others. This valuable, fascinating resource offers a unique addition to the scholarship on the Impressionist era.
This comprehensive exhibition catalogue illustrates outstanding sculptures by artists including Edgar Degas, Auguste Rodin, Medardo Rosso, Paul Troubetzkoy, Emile Antoine Bourdelle and Rembrandt Bugatti. These are juxtaposed with impressionist paintings, pastels, drawings, prints and photographs by Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Giovanni Segantini, Henri Matisse, Camille Claudel, and others.
The Sladmore Gallery is proud to be involved in loaning works to this ground-breaking exhibition, as well as organising important loans from collectors around the world.
Hardback, 328 pages, Prestel Verlag, 2019, English Language version.
Books may be collected from the gallery or sent via courier. Please click the link below or call the gallery on +44 (0) 20 7629 1144 to pre-order | <urn:uuid:44b74f36-1dd9-4f0a-a5f6-8273d2e96660> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sladmore.com/publications/en-passant-impressionism-in-sculpture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.92517 | 337 | 2.328125 | 2 |
In March, an Asteroid may pass so close to Earth, you’ll be able to see it with a regular telescope.
An asteroid isn’t something particularly special itself; large numbers of them fly past Earth each year. And unless you have the kind of expensive tech that NASA has at its fingertips, you have no way of observing them. However, this March, Asteroid 2013 TX68 may pass close enough that you’ll be able to see it pass without working for a space agency.
While its name sounds like a droid out of Star Wars, TX68 may potentially come within 11,000 miles; closer to Earth than the moon is.
— Scott Sutherland (@ScottWx_TWN) February 3, 2016
Or it might not come anywhere near. NASA is not entirely sure what path it will take due to not tracking it for very long on its previous flyby. NASA’S website explains;
“During the upcoming March 5 flyby, asteroid 2013 TX68 could fly past Earth as far out as 9 million miles (14 million kilometers) or as close as 11,000 miles (17,000 kilometers). The variation in possible closest approach distances is due to the wide range of possible trajectories for this object since it was tracked for only a short time after discovery.”
Fortunately for any nervous types, there is apparently no chance that Asteroid 2013 TX68 will hit Earth.
This year anyway… | <urn:uuid:82cac6f3-d590-46f8-9a26-e5ea1cf0d7af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thenerdstash.com/asteroid-2013-tx68-to-give-earth-a-flyby/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950667 | 299 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Top 10 banks in the country
Banks are the lifeline of the American economy, having evolved over the years with additional services, besides the traditional safekeeping of money. The financial institutions have matured into going online and becoming more customer-friendly.
The 10 best banks in the country that balance tradition and innovation equally well are as follows:
It is one of the oldest banks in the country. There are several offers such as gaining a cash bonus of $200-$700 by opening a savings account to earning rewards on paying for jewelry as well as investment options for financing wealth goals. It has one of the highest CD rates at 0.15% annual percentage yield (APY).
Besides having an account, the bank gives an individual the option of accessing JP Morgan’s renowned investment opportunities as well. Opening a savings account or applying for a credit card doesn’t take too long and its usage is spread across 5,300 branches with more than 15,000 ATMs.
- HSBC Bank
The UK-based bank is one for the commoner, especially in the USA. For anyone who wants a basic bank account with international services, access to ATMs, and personal mobile banking without fees, paying $3 per month for maintenance isn’t a bad option at all.
- Bank of America
Like Chase, Bank of America’s accessibility and repute are its greatest strengths as it also has a partnership with Merrill Edge to fulfill their customers’ investment dreams. The bank is renowned to offer some of the top millionaire credit cards in the country.
- Wells Fargo
The San Francisco-based bank is said to have the most number of physical locations than any other bank in the country with 5,800 of them as of 2017.
- PNC Bank
The second highest interest rate when it comes to a basic checking account (0.05% APY) and just a $7 monthly fee as maintenance are PNC Bank’s crucial benefits. It also offers different virtual wallets for varying financial statuses of people.
- U.S Bancorp
Named as one of the world’s most ethical companies and considered one of the 10 best banks in the country, this bank offers silver, gold, platinum, and premium checking accounts with $6.95 as the lowest monthly fee to pay depending on their needs.
- Great Western Bank
With its mentality to offer customers free services on different types of checking accounts, this bank also focuses on the welfare of agri-businesses. It has its presence in the Midwest and west of the country with just 158 branches.
- First Midwest Bank
With no checking account fees and free transaction benefits across 55,000 ATMs worldwide amongst many others offered, the bank is a favorite to be related to. However, its presence is in three states which is the only drawback.
- Bank of New York Mellon
One of the 10 best banks, Bank of New York Mellon is more into investments, focusing primarily on wealth and investment management and ranks high for its specialization. | <urn:uuid:6a0a65bc-344c-4059-aecd-384cea500f2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://findswiftly.com/blog/top-10-banks-in-the-country/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.956619 | 633 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Nice and Lucerne
Did you know?
The historic Lucerne Hotel
(once known as “The Castle”) was
part of a grand vision for Lucerne. Built
on the best site in town overlooking the
lake, it was connected to the newly con-
structed Ukiah–Tahoe Highway (Highway
20) by a wide boulevard, which was later
to be converted to a canal for a
water linkage between the lake
and the Hotel.
Lucerne and Nice are two lakeside communities
along the north shore of Clear Lake on State
Highway 20, the major east-west thoroughfare in
Lake County. Long, beautiful stretches of shore-
line are shaded by large pepperwoods and giant
oaks, and spectacular redbud shrubs bloom
throughout the area in springtime. Several
resorts and campgrounds offer visitors a place
to stay, and public beaches, parks, and harbors
provide many opportunities to enjoy the lake.
With the steep Bartlett Mountain Range as its
backdrop, the lakeside town of Lucerne is often
referred to as “the Switzerland of America” with
terrain and sweeping views reminiscent of the
Alps. The town of Nice was named in June 1871
after the small town of Nice, France.
The historic 1928 Lucerne Hotel on seven
scenic acres was recently renovated to become
the latest campus of Marymount California
University, with classrooms, student and faculty
housing, food service facilities, outdoor recre-
ation, and gardens. Students will be able to
complete upper division degrees in business,
liberal arts, psychology, and other areas.
In the community of Lucerne, as part of the
Lucerne Promenade between State Highway 20
and Clear Lake, the new Third Street Pier area
provides visitors opportunities to enjoy a view of
the north bay of Clear Lake and Mount Konocti.
Lucerne Pharmacy features an interactive Visitor’s
Kiosk while next door is a new eatery with an
eclectic menu. A favorite of travelers to Lucerne is
the oldest franchise restaurant in Lake County,
Hinman Park in downtown Nice features an
attractive gazebo in the center of the park,
palm trees, a lush lawn, and other amenities
that are enjoyed by visitors and residents alike.
The County’s Keeling Park provides a public
boat launching facility, a playground, swimming
area, boat dock and other popular amenities.
Further to the west on Hammond Avenue, a
new County park is under development, which
already includes playground equipment and will
soon include a ball field, walking trails, wildlife
viewing on adjacent wetlands, and more.
Nice and Lucerne Properties
Average Listing Price
Foreclosures / REO
Based on information from California Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. as of Aug 18, 2022 5:39:pm. This information is for your personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties you may be interested in purchasing. Display of MLS data is usually deemed reliable but is NOT guaranteed accurate by the MLS. Buyers are responsible for verifying the accuracy of all information and should investigate the data themselves or retain appropriate professionals. Information from sources other than the Listing Agent may have been included in the MLS data. Unless otherwise specified in writing, Broker/Agent has not and will not verify any information obtained from other sources. The Broker/Agent providing the information contained herein may or may not have been the Listing and/or Selling Agent. | <urn:uuid:7ddb8d46-1fd3-4dce-a158-5c54e3f9c015> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hiddenvalleyhomesbywendy.com/community/id/1552392/area/Nice%20and%20Lucerne/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929162 | 815 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Last Updated on March 8, 2022
Are you trying to find out what’s trending online? If yes, I am sure your mind first gravitates toward Twitter. Twitter, is undoubtedly the best social networking platform for people trying to look for trending content or breaking news.
Be it the college football game or the Oscars, you can engage in any real-time conversation about anything that is happening at the moment with Twitter. The process is made even easier with the #hashtags. However, despite Twitter being an excellent source for discovering online trends, it is not the only way to figure out what’s trending on social media.
As marketers or bloggers, it is incredibly important for us to know the most trending topics which the people are discussing online. It not only helps create better content but also brings in more engagement. You can use your social listening to be aware of the products and the services that have created hype in the industry.
You can also use social media to know the thoughts of your leaders and share your views on the same. Further, you can share the most insightful content that you come across via social accounts or newsletters and provide valuable content to your followers.
So, here we have come up with the top 9 ways to look for trending topics besides Twitter. Make good use of these tools whenever you wish to break the internet and go viral. Because on the Internet, it is always about ‘Go Viral or Go Home!
Number one on our list is BuzzFeed. On BuzzFeed, you can find a whole wealth of entertainment and social news. Of course, it is not the New York Times but BuzzFeed will give you a proper idea of what’s going on in the popular culture.
Ashima who offers online blockchain certifications says that on BuzzFeed, you can browse through a multitude of sections ranging from Books to Fashion. There is also a trending section on this platform which will give you a list of all the popular posts.
Ritu who recently had to pay for research paper online says that one of the most obvious ways of finding what’s trending or the most popular searches is using Google Trends. On this platform, you can find the trending things in a plethora of categories. If you want you can look for particular topics or directly find a trending search. The best part about Google Trends is that the information that you get here is based on the search and that makes it ideal for finding organic traffic-generating content.
The third platform which is another favorite for social media marketers is BuzzSumo. It is a superb platform for locating the key influencers and hot topics. You just have to enter a domain, a topic or a keyword and begin the search. The results on BuzzSumo are filtered based on the total shares across the different social media platforms like Twitter, Pinterest, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, and more.
Atul who is a regular Quora user and offers research paper for sale online says that on Quora you can find personalized information and also answer questions in the areas of your expertise. The primary goal of the company is to share and grow the knowledge by creating a huge database of questions and answers. For trending topics, you can browse through the Top Stories feed on the homepage and see what’s popular on Quora. In addition to this, you can also search for keyword phrases and look for popular content based on shares, comments, and upvotes.
Akansha who offers online accounting homework help says that Reddit is a superb platform that has its version of trending topics. There are of course a few things here that you’ll find silly however the platform does have some content that will give you a good idea of what’s trending in the hip culture.
If you are looking for a platform to find out about relevant social media management features such as CRM, engagement, helpdesk, monitoring, analytics, publishing, collaboration, and mobile, then there’s nothing better than Sprout Social. Unlike the other tools that we have discussed on this list, Sprout Social will require a paid subscription. However, it will give you access to real-time post scheduling, brand monitoring, drafting, publishing, analytics, drafting, and comprehensive reporting.
Antara who offers online assignment help says that Radian6 is another tool that will help you find trending social media topics. It helps you monitor, listen and engage your brand. Further, you can also achieve relevant insights on trends, intents, sentiment, demographics, and a lot more.
Though there are a couple of industries that benefit from Pinterest more than others, the portal shares with the audience the monthly trending report which can prove to be extremely helpful for the advertisers and the marketers.
Last but not least is YouTube trends. YouTube today is the second most popular search engine after Google and this makes it a great source to publish and consume content. Tiana who did an excellent dreamstime review says that on YouTube you can find perfect trending feed on sub-categories like movies, music, news, gaming, and fashion. You can also find trending topics in specific areas if required.
So, these are the top 9 tools and mediums that you can use to find the trending topics on social media. | <urn:uuid:f3a6b401-14b4-4cae-9565-10d1692a76ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fancycrave.com/how-to-find-trending-topics-on-social-media/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938752 | 1,095 | 1.789063 | 2 |
From time to time, we like to review some of the books available for parents of college students. There is a wealth of literature available to help parents cope with the transition to college and the changes that occur throughout the college years. We’ve created lists of recommended reading, and there is something for everyone. See our Resources and Tools page for suggestions.
This book is one that we recommend that parents give to their students as they head off to college. Although it would be a nice idea for parents to read Say This, NOT That to Your Professor as well, it is intended to give advice to students about how to make the most of their communication skills to enhance their relationships with faculty members and to enhance their chances of success.
We especially like the approachability of this book for students. The author writes in a comfortable conversational style that will resonate with most students. The book is as close as students can come to a heart-to-heart chat with someone who knows students and knows college professors. The advice is real, concrete, and immediately useful.
Each chapter follows a pattern, presenting a situation in which any student might find himself. Beginning with what the student might say will help students identify immediately. This is followed by what the professor might be thinking and then the ”Real Story,” the whole scenario. Finally the ”Back Story” gives the rationale and advice the student needs, including actual ”say this,” but ”not that” dialogue.
Section 1 of the book deals with topics ranging from parents, classroom behavior and peers, grades, assignments and social media. Section 2, equally valuable, covers some topics best left out of discussions with faculty members.
Before you give away this book to your student, take a few minutes to at least read Chapter 1. The advice given to students about parent involvement serves as a good reminder to parents that there is an appropriate level of involvement, but times to stay in the background.
Consider this book as an ”off-to-college” gift for your student. We think she’ll benefit from it over and over.
About the Author:
Ellen Bremen is a tenured faculty member in Communication Studies at Highline Community College. She has received national recognition for teaching innovation by the Sloan-Consortium, the National Institute for Staff and Organizational Development and the National Council of Instructional Administrators. She was competitively selected to serve on the leadership team of the Gates Foundation’s Open Course Library Grant which offers open source course materials to students.
As a 14 year classroom veteran, Ellen Bremen has worked with countless students on their communication skills. She is a sought-after subject matter expert in public speaking and interpersonal communication. She blogs as The Chatty Professor and lives in Seattle with her husband and children.
What the author has to say about the book:
”I realized there are tons of college success guides available, but not a single one deals solely with the relationship between the two people who interact in college every single day: You and your professor.”
”College is the ideal place for you to practice excellent communication. Professors are among the first people in your life you’ll interact with as an adult. . . You need to deal with most issues fact-to-face and sometimes via e-mail. I want you to have inside tips on how to interact so your professor will respond in a positive manner.
I want you to learn what goes on behind the scenes of your classes so you can create opportunities rather than fumble over excuses. I want you to confidently and properly stand up for yourself when you’re concerned about your classes or grades. I want you to have improved relationships with your profs, an incredible learning experience, and most of all, better grades.”
”Say This NOT That to Your Professor is meant to stay with you at all times, either in your backpack or on a digital device. You’ll want to have this information accessible so you have the right words to deal with an immediate class-related crisis.
Are you ready to give yourself an amazing class and college experience? Are you ready to find your voice? Let’s begin the conversation!”
What others have to say about the book:
”Ellen Bremen’s book will help students avoid worst-case scenarios in the classroom and on their transcripts, with concrete tools and strategies for communicating effectively with professors. Students will develop skills for college and for life.”
Co-author of The Worst-Case Scenario Survival Handbook: College
”Getting into college is only the beginning. What really counts is squeezing the very most out of your time at college. Ellen Bremen does an excellent job of sharing what it takes to not only survive in college, but more importantly, how to communicate to succeed.’
Higher-Ed expert for CBS MoneyWatch, and author of The College Solution
”I recently asked a professor (early!) what I could do to achieve a 4.0 in his class. He explained his grading system. I turned in my papers early and then made his suggested changes. I aced each assignment. I would not have thought to use Professor Bremen’s ideas had I not read her book!”
Student and author of The Compassionate Geek: Mastering Customer Service for IT Professionals
Note: Some links in our post are for affiliate products. If you use our links, College Parent Central receives a small percentage of your purchase price. This does not change the cost to you. We think it’s only fair to let you know that. | <urn:uuid:40a15a45-78ff-4668-9679-be2046b2cbf6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.collegeparentcentral.com/2012/07/book-review-say-this-not-that-to-your-professor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96257 | 1,195 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Panasonic Eneloop Batteries are the latest in rechargeable battery technology from the company that is
generally regarded as leading the world in this field.
It is well known that high quality NiMH rechargeable batteries outperform disposable ones (including
even the very best alkaline batteries) in power hungry gadgets such as digital cameras, but there were
2 areas where they had problems.....
1.) They had to be charged before first use.
2.) Once charged they would run down without even being put in anything, typically losing around 25%
of the stored energy per month. Not really a problem when you are charging them frequently, but for low
power or occasional uses this could become inconvenient.
Eneloop batteries have solved these problems.
The batteries are supplied charged, so just use them straight after purchase
The batteries discharge at a much slower rate than conventional NiMH batteries, losing only about 10
% of the stored energy after 6 months & even a year after being charged there is still 85% of the initial
charge still available. So you get all the benefits of traditional NiMH rechargeable batteries, without the
drawbacks - and you can still use a standard NiMH charger to charge them up again (maximum
charge current 800mA)
Detailed Technical Specifications: | <urn:uuid:c51d45a0-24a4-4673-a595-b48724ae1997> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.componentshop.co.uk/1-2v-800mah-aaa-nimh-panasonic-eneloop-battery-single.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941492 | 312 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Caring for the most important part of you!
Caring for the most important part of you (your mental health) while simultaneously managing an unpredictable physical condition is nothing short of… complicated! I have a million other words I could use there…. adventurous, chaotic, intense, complex, confronting…. to name just a few.
It’s no mean feat, that’s for sure.
Looking after our physical health has been drilled into us by the media our entire lives. We know that we are meant to keep our bodies functioning by feeding it healthy food and making sure it gets some exercise. With the addition of a chronic condition, you can add layers of encouragement, instruction and threats, to that ‘conditioning’ that one should “look after yourself”. ‘Yourself’ in this context has always meant “body”… at least in my head, that is.
But what is equally as important, and even perhaps more so, is looking after our mental health. Without good mental health its near impossible to look after our physical health. How can you eat healthily, exercise, do your physio/physical therapy and occupational therapy activities if you can’t get out of bed, find the motivation to shower or get dressed?
That’s why I’m a firm believer in mental health awareness and helping people to understand the link between physical and psychological health states in chronic health conditions. In occupational therapy, we believe that a human is made up of mind, body and spirit (soul). We believe that these three are inextricably linked and cannot be separated. If that is the case, then we must nurture all three to maintain or achieve wellness.
In my opinion, mental health is the backbone of physical wellness. We need to have mental stability for the act of looking after ourselves to be easy or second nature. Otherwise, it’s like trying to do all those “normal” grown-up things with weights on our feet or by looking through fog. If you are struggling with mental wellness, low mood, anxiety or another psychological condition it can be SO HARD to do anything, let alone “look after yourself (body)”. On the flip side, if you’re feeling well, with energy, confidence and motivation, much more is possible and some of it might even be enjoyable!
With a chronic condition, managing the physical side of the condition can be burdensome. It’s heavy. It can be confusing, complicated and chaotic. We need mental capacity just to deal with the ADMIN side of the chronic condition, let alone the actual physical aspect. How many times have you put off making that appointment? How often have you called and rescheduled because you simply can’t cope with ‘that’ right now? How many appointments have you just missed because you forgot, the chaos in your head overwhelmed you, or you couldn’t bring yourself to go?
When we are feeling OK, we are more on top of those things. We are more able to cope. We can think more clearly; plan more logically; anticipate more realistically. When we are feeling well, we can deal with more.
So how do we improve or maintain our mental wellness?
Here are some tips (not exhaustive)
- Acknowledge it’s OK to not be OK all of the time
- Acknowledge that what you’re doing – this living with a chronic condition thing – is hard work
- Remember that it’s OK to ask for help
- Remind yourself that it’s OK to have time-out from your health (at times when it’s safe – no timeouts when you should be going to the ED)
- Talk to people – friends, family, online networks
- Engage a therapist to help you work through concerns
- Practice Mindfulness
- Practice self-care & kindness
- Use a gratitude diary/app
- Seek medical attention if your mental health is declining
- Educate yourself on the signs and symptoms of depression & anxiety
- Do things you enjoy
- Spend time with family and friends who make you feel GOOD about yourself
- Say no to things which aren’t helpful and supportive for you
- Remember that no is a complete sentence
Of course, physical and mental health are very closely linked. Exercising helps mental health, and good mental health makes exercising easier. When we are feeling good in our skin, we often feel better in our mind. It’s all linked, all related. Today we’re just focusing on the mental health side.
There are so many more things you can do to help your mental health, and we will try to expand on some of these in the weeks ahead. Not all of these the suggestions above will suit everyone, and that’s OK – we are all unique.
However, we all need to work on our mental health & wellness. Everyone. Not just people living with chronic conditions. Everyone is vulnerable to poor mental health if they don’t look after their wellness. It’s normal for people to do things they enjoy, say no to things they don’t want to do, treat themselves to things, talk to family and friends. That is how we “human”. That is how we “be well”. So these aren’t “special people activities”… these aren’t just for the bendy tribe. No these are for everyone…
If there is something else you do that’s caring for the most important part of you (mental health), please drop it below in the comments, we’d love to hear about it!
Michelle is a Senior Occupational Therapist working solely with adults with hypermobility and related conditions. Michelle is the owner of Hypermobility Connect, an online platform for people with hypermobility to connect with resources, health professionals & each other. Michelle practices OT in her private practice and provides education to health professionals relating to hypermobility conditions. | <urn:uuid:b1f974f8-bcee-45ac-94f2-46fc57753827> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hypermobilityconnect.com/caring-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950295 | 1,267 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The US is the most straightforward of the investment regions of the world.
We’ve arguably made the best recovery from the deep recession caused by the financial meltdown of 2007-08 (China is the other possible candidate). Real GDP in 2016 will be close to 15% higher than the previous pre-recession peak. We’re also unique among major nations in the world in being about to make the first baby steps to bring interest rates up from their present emergency-room lows.
That’s the good news.
The other side of the coin is that the trend growth rate for the US economy is now much lower, at about +2% per year, than it was at the end of the last century. That’s mostly a function of the aging of the population, something the Fed had begun to talk about, but few had noticed, in the 1990s.
We’ve now entered year seven from the economic low point in late 2009. So I think it’s hard to make the argument that there’s lots of recession-induced pent up demand still waiting to be unleashed. As a result, it’s also difficult to make the case that overall economic growth in the US in 2016 will be higher than 2% real, meaning maybe 4% nominal.
S&P 500 earnings growth
Publicly traded companies tend to be the best and brightest of those operating in the US. Their profit growth should be somewhat higher than the norm, say, +7%.
Two factors suggest that the overall tally won’t be higher than that:
–the S&P 500 provides little exposure to autos or construction, two of the faster growing components of the economy, and
–it’s hard to figure what will happen in the energy sector, which, despite its recent poor performance, still accounts for 7.1% of the S&P 500 index.
in a perfect world, growth could be higher, but…
Growth could be substantially higher than that, were the two major political parties not so economically dysfunctional. Partisan bickering an patronage politics probably subtract 1% from the country’s growth potential. Arguably, Washington has always been like this and it’s just more noticeable today because of the aging of the population and the fact that inflation is near zero.
look for beneficiaries of structural change
Underneath this relatively calm surface, however, there’s lots of structural change taking place.
–Millennials have replaced Baby Boomers as the largest segment of the population.
–The internet is continuing to create new businesses and disrupt old ones.
–Both Boomers and Millennials are migrating in large numbers–the former toward warmth and away from high taxes, the latter toward large urban areas.
It seems to me that these are the kinds of areas where outperformance will be found next year. That would imply another year of growth stocks outdoing their value counterparts.
The effect of higher interest rates?
The most important point, I think, is that rising rates are unlikely to affect the patterns of out- and underperformance by much (personally, I don’t think there’ll be any effect).
The facts that the pace of rising rates is likely to be glacial and that the advent of the process has been as well-advertised as Star Wars …and over a longer period…suggest than any negative effect on stocks is likely to be mild. | <urn:uuid:2cb87ef9-91ec-47eb-ad0b-710232e972f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://practicalstockinvesting.com/2015/12/04/shaping-a-portfolio-for-2016-the-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958926 | 721 | 1.65625 | 2 |
We love the idea of a baby play station, a place where baby can be entertained while still supervised and part of what is going on in the home around her. Baby play ideas is the name of the game!
Baby Play Ideas
This homemade baby game play area is created with one of our favorite household items to recycle – toilet paper rolls! If you would prefer to not recycle, you can buy craft rolls at your local craft store.
Yes, you read that right…from toilet paper rolls!
Related: Toilet paper roll crafts for kids <–65+ to choose from!
This simple toilet paper roll craft turns a small space in your house into a baby play station.
This article contains affiliate links.
Homemade Baby Games
My one-year-old is determined to unroll all of the toilet paper rolls on Earth.
After I found him completely surrounded by toilet paper for the third time, I knew that I needed a way to redirect him. And, this DIY baby toy really does help!
And, I think our bathroom will be cleaner from now on, too…
Make a Baby Play Station
It is easy to create this simple baby play station from a toilet paper roll craft and put it in the main area of your home. Older kids can help make this play idea for baby!
Note: Be careful of choking hazards! Choose things to wrap around the toilet paper rolls that DO NOT have little pieces that can fall or be pulled off easily.
How to Make a DIY Baby Toy from Toilet Paper Rolls
I was surprised with how simple these were to make.
Cut everything before you glue to make the process faster.
Step 1 – Make the Covered Toilet Paper Rolls
- Glue one side of the fabric (or, whatever you choose) to the toilet paper roll.
- Add some glue as you slowly roll the toilet paper roll.
- Glue the end shut (It will be hot, so watch your fingers! I used the edge of my scissors to push the edge down into the glue).
- Put glue around the rim of the toilet paper roll edge (See in the picture up there? I’m looking at step number three) and tuck all of the excess fabric inside the roll.
- After the rolls have dried, remove an excess hot glue.
Step 2 – Thread the TP Rolls onto a Curtain Rod
Put the rolls on a curtain rod and watch them roll!!
Even my three-year-old got in on the fun.
More Baby Play & Fun from Kids Activities Blog
How did your baby play station turn out? Does your baby love the play idea? | <urn:uuid:92471223-6805-4caf-af92-00489b6ed2b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mrespresso.nl/kids/make-a-baby-play-station-to-keep-baby-entertained/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.914627 | 558 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been a niche product for a long time because of its energy-intensive production process. Of late it is becoming a progressively hot topic. The reason for this is that liquefaction enables simpler transportation: in LNG form, natural gas can be transported in tankers meant especially for this purpose. For long-distance transport, this is more financially appealing than the construction of pipelines for non-liquid natural gas. In this article we can learn how natural gas travels from the borehole to the customer in the form of LNG, and what role chemical analyzes play in this process.
Liquefy Natural Gas, Save on Transport Costs
Natural gas condenses at about -162 °C. The process of liquefying it requires substantial energy expenditure that is why LNG had only limited commercial importance for a long time. However, in comparison to its gaseous equivalent, LNG offers benefits for transportation because it is not readily flammable and requires six hundred times less space. Thus, LNG can be transported via tanker truck and freight ship– in contrast to standard natural gas, which is transported via piping.
Liquefying natural gas thus allows it to be transported even to locations which are far from gas fields and not accessible via pipelines because of the difficulty involved in their construction or the high cost. The United States Department of Energy has designated LNG as a significant factor in accomplishing American economic and environmental targets1, based on the fact that natural gas is available in huge quantities and the CO2 output per joule of energy obtained from natural gas is 29% and 44% lower than that obtained from oil and coal2 respectively.
Pipeline Transport to Liquefaction Plant
After it has been extracted, raw natural gas that is meant for liquefaction into LNG is transported to a liquefaction plant via piping. The unprocessed natural gas contains many sources of contamination, usually including high quantities of water which have the potential to freeze or form solid hydrates with the hydrocarbons and CO2 also present. Hydrates and ice can block the pipeline. So as to prevent this, monoethylene glycol (MEG) is injected into the borehole flow at the wellhead, which provides frost protection in the pipeline and prevents the development of hydrates.
The flow does not straightaway reach the liquefaction plant from the pipeline outlet, as the sources of contamination in the gas (including the MEG that was previously added) must be eliminated first in order to prevent complications in the process later on. The flow first passes through the slug catcher. Here, the heavy, aqueous phase containing the lighter condensate (oil phase), the MEG and the gas phase are separated from one another, with the assistance of gravity. The MEG is prepared and reused.
The gas phase is then transported into the liquefaction plant. Further purification steps happen at this point before liquefaction starts: First, particles and any residual condensate are eliminated in the oil separator. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are then eliminated via amine scrubbing process. Next, water vapor is taken away, a procedure that involves glycol dehydration. In this, the gas flows upward via an absorption column while a glycol (monoethylene, diethylene, triethylene, or tetraethylene glycol) flows in the opposite direction and the water is physically absorbed during the procedure. The structured packing of the column increases the contact surface of the gas and glycol, and therefore the water absorption. The glycol is recreated by vaporizing the absorbed water, and it can then be reused.
Lastly, the mercury is eliminated as it can corrode parts of the plant and catalysts that come into contact with the gas flow – mainly heat exchangers, which are usually made of aluminum and are required to cool the natural gas. Various adsorption procedures are available for the purpose of eliminating mercury, such as using ion exchangers, impregnated activated carbon filters or molecular sieves.
After the separation process in the slug catcher, the monoethylene glycol is recovered from the aqueous phase. When it comes out of the slug catcher, the glycol is contaminated with water, salts and tiny corrosion particles. The MEG regeneration system eliminates most of this contamination, making the MEG suitable for reuse. Periodic analyzes of the glycol are essential to guarantee that it can continue being used.
This also applies to the glycol involved in the procedure of drying the natural gas. The parameters that need to be established here are the pH value, cations, anions, organic acids and water content. Ion chromatography is an appropriate technique for de-termining organic acids and ions in monoethylene, diethylene, triethylene, and tetraethylene glycol (for instance, chloride according to ASTM E2469). Any residual water can be determined using Karl Fischer titration. This is in compliance with ASTM and offers highly reproducible and precise results.
Table 1. Application examples for MEG analysis.
||Five cations including iron in monoethylene glycol
||Organic acids in addition to standard anions in monoethylene glycol (MEG) applying a Dose-in Gradient
CO2 and H2S are removed by means of amine scrubbing. During this procedure, an aqueous amine solution such as methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) absorbs both gases. In «accelerated» MDEA solvents, additives such as piperazine improve the chemical stability and the CO2 absorption capacity of the MDEA for more effective amine scrubbing.
Testing the gas scrubbing solution involves determining the amine concentration, the solvent strength, the alkalinity and the CO2 and H2S content – all of which can be measured via titration – as well as establishing the ratio of MDEA to piperazine (refer Figure 1) and the content in heat-stable salts, achievable through ion chromatography in both cases.
Figure 1. Ion chromatogram of the determination of MDEA and piperazine in a gas scrubbing solution. The sample was automatically diluted at a 1:20 ratio and injected without further sample preparation. The separation took place on the Metrosep C 4 - 150/4.0 column, and detection was carried out using conductivity detection without prior suppression.
Table 2. Application examples for gas scrubbing solution analysis.
||Heat-stable salts in an MDEA scrubber solution
||Amine («rich» and «lean») and free total CO2
||Amines in gas scrubber solutions using IC and pulsed amperometric detection
Fractionation and Cooling
The natural gas currently is composed mainly of methane (over 90%) and ethane, as well as small quantities of nitrogen and heavier alkanes such as butane and propane. Propane and all heavy gases, which are referred to as natural gas liquids (NGLs), are separated from the natural gas flow during the following step using a fractionation column. Individual components of the NGLs are isolated from one another by means of additional fractionation, and can be sold as butane, propane and so on. In certain cases, they are also employed as coolants directly on site in the liquefaction plant. The residual lightweight natural gas fraction, which comprises of mainly methane and only small quantities of heavier hydrocarbons and nitrogen, is currently ready to be liquefied.
Cooling occurs in three steps, during which the gas flows through about 1,500 km of piping in total. So as to market the liquefied gas as LNG and gain permission to use it in a fuel gas system, part of the remaining nitrogen is removed during the last step.
Transportation as a Liquid
In the form of LNG, it is possible to transport the natural gas via special LNG tankers. This is the only reason for liquefying the natural gas: after transportation, LNG is commonly vaporized again so as to acquire energy from it. So far, the direct usage of LNG as fuel remains uncommon.
LNG tankers are usually identifiable from their spherical liquid gas tanks, the top half of which is above the deck. The spherical shape is perfect for both the pressure resistance and heat insulation of the tanks. As vaporization cannot be completely prevented even with good insulation («boil-off»), several mechanisms are in place to guarantee that the pressure in the tanks does not surpass the permitted maximum. For instance, the vaporized natural gas can be used for ship propulsion.
Returning to Gas
Once it has reached its destination port, the LNG has to be vaporized again. The regasification of the LNG happens in a heat exchanger, where a warmer medium pushes the LNG to the ambient temperature. The natural gas is then sent on its way to the customer in gaseous form through pipelines.
Figure 2. The LNG process with selected secondary processes and the associated chemical analyzes.
http://energy.gov/fe/science-innovation/oil-gas/liquefied-natural-gas (accessed November 25th, 2016)
http://naturalgas.org/environment/naturalgas/ (accessed November 25th, 2016)
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Metrohm AG.
For more information on this source, please visit Metrohm AG. | <urn:uuid:e6660cc1-bb47-418b-b383-c4154c98f537> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=14373 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930259 | 2,071 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Two local events in St Margarets commemorating the 1st World War
Our memories of the 1st World War and the men and women who lived through it are fixed in bronze statues, names carved in wood and stone, elegaic music, first-hand memoirs and poetry by the likes of Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen. Somewhere along the line we seem to have forgotten that most of those who took part in that terrible conflict were just like us, living in the same houses that we still live in, walking the same streets as us and sharing the same hopes and aspirations.
Six years ago the North St Margarets Residents Association (NSMRA) started a project to find out what it could of the 86 local men recorded on the Roll of Honour in our neighbourhood church, All Souls Church in Northcote Road. You can read the initial results in an earlier article Two Crosses - 4 November 2008
That research has evolved into two forthcoming events commemorating the Great War and re-establishing a link between those from our community who were directly involved and us, the present occupants of the neighbourhood who have taken their place.
THE WAR WALK
The WAR WALK starts at the AILSA TAVERN on the St Margarets Road at 11.00am. This was once the home of the publican’s son, Percy Davies, who lost his life showing his mates ‘the way to go home’. On our 1 mile walk we will pass the home of a man who died on the Somme and was buried under 2 different names and visit the Roll of Honour in All Souls Church to see the wooden ‘field crosses’ that once marked the graves of two local men. We will hear of a Gallipoli veteran who survived the Dardanelles but was killed in Gaza. In Isleworth we will pass the home of a man who lost his life with Lord Kitchener when their ship, “HMS Hampshire” was sunk by a mine and a former barber shop owned by a man who was born in Holland, lived in England and died at Vimy Ridge in France. We will learn of a boy who worked at Lion Wharf as a porter and another who died just a day after enduring ‘90 Days Field Punishment No 1’. The walk finishes at Isleworth War Memorial with an introduction from local Historian David Bright.
- Distance: about 1 mile
- Time of walk: about 90 mins
- Cost: Free
- For more information please call Martyn Day on 0208 892 5211
AN AFTERNOON OF POETRY AND SONG
On the afternoon of Sunday, December 14th All Souls Church in Northcote Road will provide the venue for a special event to commemorate World War 1 by revisiting and remembering Christmas through four years of conflict.
Close by the Roll of Honour and amidst the Church’s seasonal candlelight we will tell the story of the War, not from the viewpoint of historians, military commentators or political experts, but through the songs and poetry of the people who were actually there, the soldiers at the front and those who endured at home.
There will be reports on the War’s progress and ‘news from the front’, contemporary poetry and barrack room ballads all accompanied by a small band of local musicians and a choir. The singing will be led by singers Alex Aucken and Maria Margiotta who will invite us to join in with many of the popular songs and parodies for the time.
We are delighted that local, celebrity actors Stella Gonet and David Firth will be telling the story through poetry and narration. The entire event will be enhanced by a specially commissioned on-screen pictorial presentation of photographs, postcards and posters from the time. A first class sound reinforcement system will make sure that you will clearly hear the proceedings from wherever you are seated in the Church.
We will be offering complimentary tea and cake to all attending and guests are encouraged to bring along their own choice of refreshments to supplement what will be on offer. Edwardian dress is strictly optional.
Admission to the Church will be from 3pm and the performance, which will run for approximately one hour, will commence shortly after that.
“They went with songs to the battle, they were young,”
LAURENCE BINYON For the Fallen
- At All Souls Church on the corner of Northcote and Haliburton Roads
- Admission is free and young people are welcome
- The production will run about 1 hour
- For more information please call John Denby on 07860 594620
– from Martyn Day | <urn:uuid:ee662198-6f79-4836-b36e-06ec7cb41f49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stmargarets.london/archives/2014/10/north_st_margarets_remembers_two_events.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966817 | 974 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Line Graph Lesson Plans 4th Grade – Some educators will certainly give the pupils creating suggestions on paper while others will certainly give a visual presentation on hand. Regardless of the technique that is made use of, the pupils are provided writing materials that they can use to get begun.
The first thing to keep in mind is that lesson plans require to be fun. This holds true whether the lesson is about speaking or coming to be a writer about the weather. If the educators are going to create ways to inspire their trainees to create or talk , they need to see to it that the products chosen to help them in the process are fun too.
When choosing 4th Grade Lesson Plans is that you ought to attempt to have plenty of different instances of what the trainee will certainly be composing, another thing to keep in mind. This will make sure that they will have the ability to go off of the directions that they are offered without having to stress over failing to remember the actions needed to compose the task. To avoid this, you should ensure that you give the trainees great deals of various choices that they can pick from.
In enhancement to finding out what sources are available to the students, you also need to inspect on just how easy the class materials are to work with. You do not desire to be struggling with the devices that you are giving your pupils.
When you look at lesson plans on writing, you need to bear in mind that there are a whole lot of different options offered. Whether it is paper pencils or anything else that your pupils might need for this task, you need to be sure that you discover the best products offered. You can discover what you require on Amazon or through an on-line shop that concentrates on composing as well as lesson plans.
As a result of the great resources that are offered for 4th Grade Lesson Plans, you will certainly discover that the jobs that you provide your students are very easy to deal with. Whether they are concentrated on brainstorming or working with a story regarding some pets, the tasks are going to be challenging yet fun at the exact same time. This will certainly make the moment that they invest doing them more effective and they will not feel like they are investing even more time at college than they really are.
You additionally need to keep in mind that you require to ensure that your lesson prepare for writing are really basic. When you get them together, it is important that you see to it that they are not mosting likely to take as well wish for your students to do. You likewise need to be certain that you have sufficient resources for your pupils to get with this job on their own.
Getting composing tasks performed in a short time is a obstacle that any educator needs to deal with. This is why it is so essential that you find the appropriate sources for your trainees. When you find them, you will certainly make certain that they will have a good time with the composing task and also you will be able to move on with various other activities at the same time. | <urn:uuid:8ad4ed62-6974-4c44-b238-1a0345786616> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lessonplanslearning.com/line-graph-lesson-plans-4th-grade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.976914 | 615 | 3.078125 | 3 |
90 Present Perfect Tense Example Sentences
Present Perfect Tense
The Present Perfect Tense, which is structurally different among English grammar topics, is a subject that explains the special tense form in the English language. It is about the fact that an event or situation has occurred recently and the effects of the event or situation that occurred have continued until now. Although the event or situation happened in the recent past, there is no clear time expression, so this detail is not important in the Present Perfect Tense form.
To better understand the Present Perfect Tense form, it is of great importance to examine the sentence structure. For the Present Perfect Tense sentence, “have” and “has” are used as auxiliary verbs and the verb is in the third structure.
- The I-You-We-They subjects are immediately followed by “have” followed by the verb in the third structure.
- She-He-It subjects are immediately followed by “has” followed by the verb in the third structure.
Examples of Present Perfect Tense
This tense form can be reinforced by examining the following sentence structures.
- I have painted the outside of the house. (The house is still painted.)
- He has gone on vacation. (Still on vacation.)
90 Present Perfect Tense Sentences
1. Please wait, I have written the report.
2. Samuel has not come yet.
3. She has found her lost keys.
4. They have bought the notebook.
5. I have already made several calls.
6. The thieves have looted the house.
7. He has never eaten chicken.
8. It hasn’t rained so far.
9. Her mother has lived there since 2001.
10. They have had the same experience!
11. We have constructed a bridge.
12. My mother has not washed the dishes.
13. I have already written the report.
14. The officer has not typed the letter yet.
15. Mary has washed her car.
16. Have you packed your bag yet?
17. I have never been to USA.
18. Samuel hasn’t called for eight months.
19. Have you finished reading the newspaper yet?
20. I have never seen a famous person.
21. They’ve not played basketball.
22. I’ve saved money for a new house.
23. He has gone on vacation.
24. Has your brother finished decorating yet?
25. I have had five quizzes and six tests so far this holiday.
26. We have just bought a new car.
27. I have lived in London for 3 years.
28. He has just scored a goal.
29. She has worked here for six years.
30. I have never done that before, please do not blame me for this behavior.
31. I have not finished my homework yet
32. Have you ever been married?
33. My brother has run 10 miles.
34. He has forgotten his keys.
35. I have already paid the bills.
36. I’ve visited four of our clients today.
37. Have you done your homework?
38. Have you written a letter?
39. We have lost my keys.
40. Have you seen that film before?
41. They haven’t phoned me.
42. My sister has had a baby.
43. Have you ever seen this band before?
44. I have not been to school for 2 years.
45. I have prayed for him a lot.
46. Oh my god, you have grown since the last time I saw you.
47. You have listened to Madonna in the concert.
48. George has never traveled with a train.
49. Have you just finished homework?
50. My son has never traveled by train.
51. We have just finished my homework.
52. He’s taken the cat to the park.
53. Havent they ever been to Brasil?
54. They have already finished their trip.?
55. They have not approved this behavior, so change it as soon as possible.
56. Have you finished the job?
57. Doctors have found a cure for many diseases.
58. Has not George come yet?
59. I have been to London 2 times.
60. I have cleaned my room.
61. My sister has just gone to bed.
62. I have already ironed the shirts.
63. He hasn’t finished the homework.
64. I have been so busy today!
65. The girl has just finished her homework.
66. You have just spent all of your money.
67. They have been here since 10 pm.
68. The students have asked too many questions.
69. They have earned a lot of money thanks our job.
70. I have written five reports so far this year.
71. She has never been to England.
72. She has left the house.
73. Nobody has ever said that to me before.
74. Have you ever been to Austin?
75. I have been her friend for twenty years.
76. Who have you spoken with?
77. The painter has drawn many pictures.
78. I haven’t seen her since she got off work.
79. I have been in Texas 5 years ago.
80. The telephone has rung all morning.
81. Has the post arrived yet?
82. I haven’t seen my mother for 6 years.
83. My son has earned money.
84. They have never met that man before.
85. Have you ever been to Mexico?
86. I haven’t noticed anything odd going on.
87. I have made you a cup of coffee.
88. I have ever seen the lake.
89. The three men have just fought in the street.
90. She has never been here. | <urn:uuid:4bb95de9-1f2d-48ff-a8ad-65740b52aa85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://englishvocabs.com/tenses/90-present-perfect-tense-example-sentences/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.980066 | 1,278 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Most of the normal activities we do around the house can be considered exercise, especially if we repeat the activity or movement many times in a row. Maintaining or even improving the ability to perform our daily activities is essential for quality of life. This is the fourth in a series of simple exercises that can performed at home (or anywhere).
Maintaining a moderate amount of strength in the shoulders and arms is essential for most daily tasks. Whether it is reaching for something in a cupboard, lifting a bag of groceries, eating or dressing, lifting your arm requires significant strength. Many injuries such as rotator cuff tears, “frozen shoulder” (adhesive capsulitis), and biceps tendinitis are caused by inadequate shoulder strength. Since people can lose up to 6% of their strength for everyday that they are inactive, finding a simple exercise to help maintain strength could help avoid injury.
An easy way to strengthen the arms and shoulders is by performing a modified push-up. Instead of performing a push-up horizontal to the ground (on your stomach), this version is performed standing at an incline. Find a sturdy countertop and stand a 12 to 24 inches away from the counter top. Place both of your hands shoulder width apart on the edge of the counter top and lean towards it, bending your elbows, until your trunk is 3-4 inches from the edge. Slowly push your trunk back up until your arms are straight again. Repeat 10-15 times once or twice a day.
This exercise can be made more difficult by moving your feet further away from the counter top, and by using a lower surface (such as a bench). To make this exercise easier, use a wall instead of a counter top.
Do not perform this exercise if it causes pain. Consult with your medical doctor or physical therapist if you have persistent shoulder or arm pain. | <urn:uuid:18d48719-9b6a-4bb0-985f-95a1e365877a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coast-physical-therapy-services.com/blog/modified-push-ups/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942709 | 381 | 2.625 | 3 |
“Temple University is becoming the focal point for stormwater management in the Philadelphia region," says Jeffrey Featherstone
Temple to Evaluate Urban Rainwater-Management Controls
Temple’s Main Campus will become a living laboratory for the study and evaluation of rainwater management controls and practices in urban environments, thanks to a four-year, $US1 million grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Jeffrey Featherstone, director of the Center for Sustainable Communities at Temple, is principal investigator for the multidisciplinary grant. Featherstone said the project—involving researchers from civil and environmental engineering, and horticulture and landscape architecture—will focus on the environmental, economic and social impacts of implementing green infrastructure to deal with rainwater-runoff issues in urban environments.
“Since there has been a lot of construction on Main Campus, we have the luxury of having about a dozen new stormwater-control measures scheduled, under construction or already in place, the effectiveness of which can be studied and evaluated,” he said.
Featherstone said another part of project would explore the impact of green infrastructure on raising the city’s property values.
“We will examine real-estate assessments of properties near green infrastructure and compare them to assessments for similar properties elsewhere,” Featherstone explained. “If green infrastructure can increase property values, it can assist in raising the city’s tax base and be a catalyst for the revitalization of the city.”
Featherstone said the EPA wants to ensure that such practices work in tough urban environments. “If they are going to endorse these types of measures and controls, they want to be sure the science is there to support them.”
“Temple is becoming the focal point for stormwater management in the Philadelphia region,” Featherstone noted.
To Learn More:
Additional details are contained in the news release posted by Temple University. To download a copy, click on Temple to evaluate urban stormwater-management controls. | <urn:uuid:bdcd1a1f-207b-4343-8808-367fe480e58e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://waterbucket.ca/rm/2014/01/29/temple-university-becoming-focal-point-stormwater-management-philadelphia-region-says-jeffrey-featherstone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926076 | 422 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Source: Auckland Council
Nine new hygiene stations have recently been installed in parks across the Kaipātiki Local Board area on Auckland’s North Shore to protect kauri, with a further seven planned to go in next month.
Six stations have now been installed at Le Roy’s Bush in Birkenhead / Northcote, and three in Fernglen Native Gardens Reserve in Birkenhead. The stations in Le Roy’s Bush are part of ongoing track upgrade and remedial work taking place throughout the reserve.
The next parks in line for hygiene stations are Northcote’s Kauri Glen Reserve (four) and Birkdale’s Eskdale Reserve (three) next month.
Following those, a further 27 are planned to be installed in Kaipātiki parks and reserves between September 2020, and autumn 2022.
North Shore Ward Councillor Richard Hills says installing the stations is about reinforcing good habits to help prevent the spread of kauri dieback disease.
“It’s great to see the significant investment in our native bush. The new hygiene stations are an important reminder of what is at stake – even just a speck of soil stuck to a shoe is enough to spread the pathogen responsible for killing our precious kauri.
“It is crucial that we all do our bit to be good kaitiaki and protect our native taonga by scrubbing and spraying our shoes at these hygiene stations before and after we go on a track.”
Kaipātiki Local Board Chairperson John Gillon agrees, “We already have two parks closed due to kauri dieback disease and we don’t want it spreading any further. Our current programme of bush track upgrades and installation of hygiene stations are extremely important investments to help protect our kauri.”
Parks and reserves often have various entrances to tracks that go near kauri roots and trees, which is why there is often more than one hygiene station required for some parks and reserves.
Because the pathogen, Phytophthora agathidicida, lives in soil, it is believed to first infect kauri feeder roots, with the subsequent spread to the tree’s main roots and then lower trunk, before the whole tree succumbs to the disease.
There are various types of hygiene stations in use nationally, ranging from brushes and spray bottles in a bucket to the more sophisticated model fitted with a pressure-activated foot sprayer installed in Kaipātiki.
The new model being rolled out was developed by the Department of Conservation and has been tested and refined in partnership with stakeholders like Auckland Council.
The new sophisticated stations make it simple for park users to scrub and spray their shoes with features like a rail to lean on, a seat to sit on, plenty of room for kids and extra spray guns for removing mud that might not come off shoes (or paws) first go.
Funding for the purchase and installation of all new stations comes from the Natural Environment Targeted Rate, with $445,000 put aside for hygiene stations across the Auckland region in the current financial year. This includes stations installed in local parks, regional parks and various wharves. | <urn:uuid:fae2ae2f-509b-493b-a9f6-a686e3b51b25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://livenews.co.nz/2020/02/21/protecting-kauri-on-the-north-shore/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.95187 | 662 | 2.03125 | 2 |
An Orange County Superior Court judge ruled against an environmental lawsuit filed by historic preservationists seeking to block a city-approved remodel of a historic Laguna Beach house.
Judge Randall Sherman held in favor of the City and Ian and Cherlin Kirby, owners of 369 Hawthorne Road, according to a judgment signed on July 22. Sherman awarded Laguna Beach and the Kirbys recovery of costs “to the extent permitted by law” that were incurred in fighting off the lawsuit, pending the required court filings.
“We’re excited to start doing the work to get out family in the house,” Ian Kirby said Monday. “We really do believe in preservation and really are excited that we can continue to honor Laguna’s history. We’re striking a balance with livability and historic preservation.”
The Kirbys have pursued an addition to their two-story 1925 Colonial Revival house for over five years. In February 2021, two historic preservation groups filed a complaint, claiming city officials failed to follow the California Environmental Quality Act when they approved the remodel.
The Kirbys planned a 1,020-square-foot addition to the home’s first and second stories, an attached garage, and an elevated deck with a pool and spa. They knew the home was listed on Laguna Beach’s Historic Registry and still wanted to restore it, partly because Cherlin Kirby grew up next door while attending Thurston Middle School and was friendly with the original owners, she said.
Decades of deferred maintenance has left the home’s foundation rotting, roof leaks, without installation, and vulnerable to earthquakes and fires. The couple lives in a condo next door to the historic property with their two daughters.
The Historic Architecture Alliance and the Laguna Beach Historic Preservation Coalition were named as the case’s petitioners. The Coalition has also sued Laguna Beach and the California Coastal Commission over both agencies’ approval of the updated historic preservation ordinance. After a lengthy review process, the state panel certified the local coastal program for Laguna Beach’s historic preservation ordinance on July 13, allowing the new city law to take effect, City Manager Shohreh Dupuis said.
Ann Christoph, Johanna Felder, Barbara Metzger, and Verna Rollinger told the Independent that they’re members of the Historic Preservation Coalition. Rollinger died in May but the three other women are board members of Village Laguna, which fiercely opposed the revised historical preservation ordinance.
Village Laguna was not a party to the lawsuit concerning the Hawthorne Road home, according to court records.
Petitioner attorney Susan Brandt-Hawley had asked a judge to enjoin city officials, the Kirbys, and their agents from all construction and pre-construction for the planned addition while the petition is pending.
Brandt-Hawley didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment Monday. Cathy Jurca, a spokesperson for the Historic Preservation Coalition, wasn’t immediately available for comment.
This story is developing and will be updated as necessary.View Our User Comment Policy | <urn:uuid:25e490a7-ea90-4970-8866-e4cada4791a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lagunabeachindy.com/judge-rejects-ceqa-claims-against-laguna-beach-historic-homeowners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954472 | 644 | 1.507813 | 2 |
“If we could see the miracle of a single flower clearly, our whole life would change” Buddha
This has been a wonderful week. Many moments have reminded me why I do what I do.
Life is good.
To the world, it may seem like a little thing, but on Tuesday, I helped a student learn how to use scissors. The excitement in his eyes was amazing. All week, whenever he had another achievement, he sought me out – “Look Mrs. Turner, I zipped my zipper!”
I figured out how to teach two other students how to tie a knot. When someone has no hand/eye coordination, life’s simplest tasks can frustrate them. One student took more than 25 tries and finally I figured out what would work. I felt like I’d made a scientific discovery.
So, I am looking at the miracle of a single flower. The tasks that most people skim over, can do while not fully engaging their minds actually create the single moments that add up to success for other people. I might not be curing cancer or discovering another gadget, but I am looking more closely at life. | <urn:uuid:5cebcd15-6156-4b70-bbc7-042967b1ac95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pturnermoments.wordpress.com/2012/03/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.973776 | 239 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Bio-based resources are manufacturing materials that contain organic carbon that is derived from living plants, animals, algae, microorganisms or organic waste streams. In the industrial circular economy, we refer to bio-based resources as biomass or biomaterials. The use of bio-based resources ensures that the carbon used in the manufacturing process is derived from a renewable, biological process.
This exceptional panel discussion features leading practitioners based in the West Kootenays, the hub of Canada’s world-class industrial circular economy. They will explore how bio-based resources can be used to reduce the environmental impact of heavy industry and discuss the latest developments in the field of bio-based resources and technology. They’ll also provide examples of how bio-based resources are a growing part of the renewable energy sector, construction, and industrial processing. | <urn:uuid:6941ff2b-0ae7-4a35-ba1c-d0d5699e4068> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ice2021.com/panel-discussions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926284 | 169 | 3.125 | 3 |
Digital Possibilities: Capitalism, Tech, and the Fight for a Feminist Internet
“The genie is out of the bottle. We need to move forward on artificial intelligence development but we also need to be mindful of its very real dangers.”
— Stephen Hawking, 2017, Wired interview
The virtual world once felt like it could shape a different future — one more democratic and equitable. But capitalism — as well as its siblings, including racism and sexism — are turning digital spaces into the same corporatized, white- and male-dominated ones we’ve known for centuries. How have lopsided power structures shaped our digital experiences? What can virtual communities and digital movements reveal about the potential, still, for a reclamation of the democratic possibilities of technology? And what can we do now to build an intersectional, feminist future online?
Find out by tuning in to our most recent Zoom of Our Own conversation with Communication and Science and Technology Studies scholar Breigha Adeyemo, journalist and DIGITAL SUFFRAGISTS author Marie Tessier, social systems scientist Riane Eisler, and AEOO’s Digital Director Carmen Rios! We explored how lopsided power structures shape our digital experiences… and what virtual communities and digital movements reveal about the potential, still, for a reclamation of the democratic possibilities of technology.
Artificial Intelligence or AI: the theory and development of computer systems to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation. AI techniques have transformed businesses worldwide, automating time-consuming tasks to win insights into collected data via quick pattern recognition.
Narrow AI: AI now operates in its first stage, called “narrow,” meaning it looks intelligent but functions under a limited set of rules and factors to simulate humans. Its programs use NLP (Natural Language Processing) to perform tasks and communicate. Examples include virtual assistants like Rankbrain by Google, manufacturing and drone robots, IBM’s Watson, Siri by Apple, Alexa by Amazon, and Cortana by Microsoft. It includes disease mapping, prediction tools, image/facial recognition software, and marketing insights based on humans’ listen/watch/purchase histories. Computer theorists envision two more stages still unrealized: Strong or Deep AI, including emotions and beliefs, and ASI, or Artificial Super Intelligence, a new independent life form outperforming humans.
Machine Learning (ML) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows software applications to become more accurate at predicting outcomes without being explicitly programmed to do so. Machine learning algorithms use historical data as input to predict new output values.
Digital Advertising uses technologies to deliver advertisements to consumers. This allows advertisers and marketers to reach more specific target audiences than traditional print ads, static billboards, or cable TV. Digital Marketing provides businesses with new strategies for interpreting data and making AI decisions based on insights that data provides.
Click: A user’s interaction with an ad, such as a mouse click on a laptop or tap of a finger on a mobile device. A Click Through Rate (CTR) is a metric used in digital marketing with a calculation of clicks divided by impressions, represented as a percentage.
Audience Targeting Data: a data set used for making ad and marketing decisions beyond age and gender. It may include the use of first-, second- and third-party audience data mined for buying and targeting.
Audience Buying is the process of directly buying audience segments based on data. Businesses can now target segments precisely and learn the most effective combinations of creativity and context. Data insights and machine learnings are then applied to grow that audience segment.
Advertising Auctions: Online advertising prices aren’t fixed, but are based on instant machine-run PPC (Price Per Click) Auctions. Advertisers compete for audiences and pay more for desired outcomes, thus favoring larger, richer patrons. Your attention is the product delivered to them.
Big Tech is a term that can refer to prosperous, influential, and otherwise powerful tech companies. “The Big Five” include Alphabet (Google), Apple, Meta, Amazon and Microsoft.
Articles and Videos
During a series of talks in 2020 presented as part of a symposium by the Northeastern Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Program, three academics and activists — Katherine Grainger, Catherine Knight Steele, and Carmen Rios — ”dove deeply into the way #MakingFeminisms can expand networks, educate communities on important issues, and shape our democracy both on and offline.” You can watch the recording here.
“It seems obvious that if the Internet is really reviving American democracy, as its celebrants claim, it’s taking a roundabout route,” Robert McChesney asserted in a 2013 In These Times piece on How Capitalism Conquered the Internet. “The hand of capital seems heavier and heavier on the steering wheel, taking us to places way off the democratic grid…” In OpenDemocracy: an exploration of how we can take it back.
John Hermann asked an obvious question in the NY Times: Have big tech companies become too powerful? “As these companies grew, they did more than just vanquish their competition,” he answered. “Their growth and free-service benevolence succeeded at making the very idea of competitors’ challenging their efforts — the industry’s traditional way to solve the problems they’ve created — seem unnecessary or even counterproductive. They’ve ducked the easy questions for so long that it’s reasonable to suspect that they doubt we will like the answers.”
Diversity in tech is slow-growing. Sara Wachter-Boettcher, web consultant and author of “Technically Wrong: Sexist Apps, Biased Algorithms, and Other Threats of Toxic Tech,” explained in the Washington Post that “Tech’s Sexism Doesn’t Stay in Silicon Valley. It’s in the Products You Use.” In her column for Ms. magazine, AEOO founder Rickey Gard Diamond in February wrote about “How Algorithms Enforce Women’s Silence — and How to Stop It.”
“Ensuring that this next iteration of the internet is inclusive and works for everyone will require that people from marginalized communities take the lead in shaping it,” Breigha Adeyemo wrote when the Metaverse opened. “It will also require regulation with teeth to keep Big Tech accountable to the public interest.”
Riane Eisler last year participated in a webinar for the Radical AI Measurementality podcast, related to making Artificial Intelligence Systems more “transparent, responsible and trustworthy.” She spoke about the caring economy in the context of prioritizing people’s mental health.
Lucina Di Meco and Kristina Wilfore explored why and how big tech must be accountable for online violence in a piece for Ms. magazine. In the New Yorker, Sheelah Kolhatkar wrote about The Fight to Hold Pornhub Accountable.
Books and Films
- Digital Suffragists: Women, the Web, and the Future of Democracy. Marie Tessier. MIT Press, 2021.
- Misogynoir Transformed: Black Women’s Digital Resistance. Moya Bailey. NYU Press, 2021.
- Digital Black Feminism. Catherine Knight Steele. NYU Press, 2021.
- #HashtagActivism: Networks of Race and Gender Justice. Sarah J. Jackson, Moya Bailey and Brooke Foucault Welles. MIT Press. 2020.
- Intersectional Tech. Kishonna Gray. LSU Press, 2020.
- The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. Shoshana Zuboff. Public Affairs, Hachette Group, 2019.
- Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code. Ruja Benjamin. Polity, 2019.
- Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. Safia Noble, co-director of UCLA Center for Critical Internet Inquiry. NYU Press, 2018.
- Brotopia: Breaking Up the Boys’ Club of Silicon Valley. Emily Chang. Portfolio, 2018.
- Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Kathy O’Brien. Crown Books, 2016.
- Search Engine Breakdown. Public Broadcasting Nova episode, 4/14/21.
- The Social Dilemma: A Documentary on Netflix. | <urn:uuid:ca243a01-cedd-45c4-a542-373c13fd0c43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medium.com/economyofourown/digital-possibilities-capitalism-tech-and-the-fight-for-a-feminist-internet-1dbfedee4927?source=post_internal_links---------5---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.896264 | 1,797 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A species will develop according to the environment it exists in, and predators, climate changes, and other environmental factors can all create reasons for a species to adapt. These adaptations are part of the evolution of the species, allowing it to change in a way that will increase its chances of survival. There are three types of evolution: divergent, convergent, and parallel.
Divergent evolution is the most commonly known, and it involves one species that eventually separates into two separate ones. For example, a flock of migratory birds, heading for a warmer climate, gets divided in a storm. One half of the flock continues on to the original destination, while the other half lands on a new island and decides to stay. Over time, members of the second group develops characteristics that allow them to better survive on the island and become a different species than their ancestors, which were initially separated from the larger flock. What was once one species has now been separated into two.
The second type of evolution — and usually the hardest to understand — is convergent evolution. This type explains how two or more species can develop similar traits in separate types of environments. Animals developing wings is one example of convergent evolution because there was no one common ancestor for all winged animals. Due to their individual environments, these animals all developed wings on their own, through generations of evolution. Wings were developed based on the physics of flying, not on a pre-programmed internal blueprint handed down from a similar ancestor.
Convergent and parallel evolution are very similar and are easily confused. When two separate species in the same environment develop the same adaptations for survival, it is called parallel evolution. This begins with two similar species that exist in similar environments and,over time, they will evolve in very similar ways. One example of parallel evolution is the North American Cactus and the African euphorbia. These two plants belong to different families, but share the same sort of environment. Because of that, they have developed the same adaptations for survival: the ability to store water in their thick stems and sharp quills to ward off predators. Both plants can survive in hot, dry climates.
Evolution is a process, and species adapt and evolve to better survive in their environments. Similar environments can cause similar adaptations in different species, and different environments can cause different adaptations in similar species. Studying the affect of environmental factors on the evolution of a species is the best way to make educated guesses on both the history and the future of a species. By considering all three types of evolution, it is possible to get a very accurate idea of how a species of plant or animal has developed into its current form. | <urn:uuid:2d967ca7-c937-42d2-beb9-cb8b9fb11601> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-evolution.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9519 | 540 | 4.0625 | 4 |
What is another way to say faint of heart?
What is another word for faint-of-heart?
Is it faint or feint of heart?
A feint is meant to distract or deceive, giving the fighter a moment of opportunity to strike. So yes, the correct saying is “faint of heart” and not “feint of heart.” When you break down the meaning, it just makes more sense (which isn’t always the case with English grammar and word choice).
What is a weak hearted person?
Definition of weakhearted : lacking courage : fainthearted.
Is not for the faint-hearted?
If you say that something is not for the faint-hearted, you mean that it is an extreme or very unusual example of its kind, and is not suitable for people who like only safe and familiar things. It’s a film about a serial killer and not for the faint-hearted.
Where did the phrase faint of heart come from?
Faint-hearted appears in 1400, derived from faint meaning to grow weak, to lack courage or spirit and hearted. Faint heart never won fair lady or faint heart never won fair maiden are phrases that appeared around 1545 in The Adages of Erasmus.
How do you use faint of heart in a sentence?
Faint-of-heart sentence example
- If you are in any way inhibited, read no farther because Koala swimwear isn’t for the faint of heart .
- This is not a game for the faint of heart .
- The event is not to be missed if you are a fan of Pinot Noir, but it is not for the faint of heart .
Who is a faint-hearted person?
Definition of fainthearted : lacking courage or resolution : timid.
What is soft hearted person?
adjective. Someone who is soft-hearted has a very sympathetic and kind nature. Synonyms: kind, generous, tender, sympathetic More Synonyms of soft-hearted.
Who said faint hearts never won fair lady?
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus
This expression first appeared in writing in the work entitled Adagia, a collection of Greek and Latin proverbs, compiled in the 1500s by Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus. He continued to add more proverbs to this work throughout his life.
How do you do a faint of heart?
Who said faint heart never won fair lady?
Thomas Hovenden, Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady.
What does faint of heart stand for?
What does “Faint of heart” mean? “Faint of heart” means the state of being unable to do something; it shows the inability or lack of courage to face something hard or menacing. This idiom connotes the in-depth meaning of inability, lack of power or incompetence to do something or to face something.
What does “faint of the heart” mean?
faint of heart. Fig. people who are squeamish; someone who is sickened or disturbed by unpleasantness or challenge. The pathway around the top of the volcano, near the crater, is not for the faint of heart.
What does ‘faint heart never won Fair Lady’ mean?
phrase. proverb. Timidity will prevent you from achieving your objective. ‘Yes, awkward; yes, risky – but faint heart never won fair lady and all that.’. More example sentences. ‘”Faint heart never won fair lady,” win the advice of a friend to Mr. Child, the son of a brewer, who sought the hand of the lady.’.
What does not for the faint of the heart mean?
the faint of heart. A person who tends to easily experience stress, fear, anxiety, sickness, or discomfort when facing unpleasantness, graphic imagery, physical strain, or risk. We must warn you that the following video contains images that may be unsuitable for the faint of heart. Part of the hike is along a narrow path very close to a sheer cliff, so it’s certainly not for the faint of heart! | <urn:uuid:8504cc46-4951-47f5-b95f-88db3f2ef7cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stylesubstancesoul.com/advice/what-is-another-way-to-say-faint-of-heart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.90538 | 926 | 2.828125 | 3 |
New Delhi: Since 2014, ten states have promised to waive loans of farmers to the tune of Rs 2,36,460 crore. But they have only budgeted Rs 1,49,790 crore, or 63%, of the total amount promised to be waived, according to data provided by the Reserve Bank of India in a recent report.
This total budgeted amount also included amounts provided in the budgets that were laid out in the 2019-20 budgets – and which would have, in all likelihood, not yet been used in their entirety towards waiving off loans.
If these are not accounted for, the amount that has been provided for waivers till 2018-19 is only Rs 1,12,890 crore, or 47% of the total amount promised.
Since these amounts reflect the amount of money that a state has set aside and not actually spent, this is the maximum amount of loan waivers implemented. In other words, it is quite probable that the total amount of loans actually waived are lower than the amount budgeted.
For instance, in February this year, while presenting the budget for 2019-20, the then chief minister of Karnataka H.D. Kumaraswamy admitted that the state had not spent the total amount allocated for loan waivers. Till then, the state had allocated Rs 15,880 crore for loan waivers but only released Rs 5,450 crore as per the chief minister’s own admission.
Prior to the assembly elections in five states in December 2018, the Congress had promised that it would waive farm loans within ten days if voted to power. It was voted to power in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh.
Except for Chhattisgarh, the party has not come good on its promise.
For Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, it had promised loan waivers amounting to a total of Rs 54,500 crore. But, so far it has only budgeted Rs 19,240 crore, or 35% of the amount promised to be waived, in these two states.
Last year, when newly-anointed chief minister of Madhya Pradesh Kamal Nath signed a file for waiving farm loans, Congress president Rahul Gandhi declared jubilantly, “1 done. 2 to go,” implying that the loan waiver in Madhya Pradesh has been implemented and only Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh remain.
However, the state has only budgeted Rs 13,000 crore of the Rs 36,500 crore of waivers promised, according to RBI data, in Madhya Pradesh. In Rajasthan, the Congress has only managed to provide for Rs 6,240 crore – 34% – of the Rs 18,000 crore waiver that had been promised. In Chhattisgarh, however, the Congress government has budgeted a little over Rs 9,000 crore, while it had promised to waive Rs 6,100 crore.
In Karnataka, the Congress and Janata Dal (Secular) coalition had promised a Rs 44,000 crore farm loan waiver in 2018. But, till the 2019-20 budget, only Rs 28,530 crore has been budgeted.
Now, even though the Congress and JD(s) alliance is no longer in power, the new BJP government has promised that the waiver scheme will continue.
In Punjab too, only Rs 7,620 crore of the Rs 10,000 crore that was supposed be waived has been provided for in state budgets.
The situation is not much better in states ruled by the BJP, except the fact that their promises were made earlier than in Congress ruled states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh.
In perhaps the most high-profile loan waiver of all, which was promised before perhaps the most high-profile assembly election of all – in Uttar Pradesh – not much progress has been made since the first budget provision of 2017-18.
The BJP had promised a loan waiver, which was to cost the state exchequer Rs 36,360 crore, prior to the assembly elections in 2017 in UP. When it came to power, it budgeted Rs 21,100 crore in the 2017-18 budget, Rs 5,500 crore in the 2018-19 budget, and only Rs 600 crore in the 2019-20 budget.
So, a total of Rs 27,200 crore, or 74% of the amount promised, has been provisioned in three state budgets that have come after the BJP came to power in UP.
Maharashtra government also announced a waiver soon after it was announced in UP. The total amount to be waived was to be Rs 34,020 crore. But, till the 2019-20 budget, only Rs 25,480 crore, or 74%, has been provided for in the budgets.
States that had substantially more time to implement the loan waiver have also found the going difficult. In 2014, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana promised to waive Rs 24,000 crore and Rs 17,000 crore respectively. But, five years later, Andhra Pradesh has managed to budget only 53% of the amount promised to be waived, and Telangana has budgeted 84%.
Among the ten states that had pledged to waive farm loans over the last five years, only Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu have delivered on the promise.
Regardless, almost all states have, like Rahul Gandhi did, declared that they have fulfilled their promise barely by making an announcement to the effect without the underlying budgetary provisions that are necessary because at the end of the day if farmers are not going to repay the money owed to banks, the states will have to.
Some of the reasons for the farm loan waivers not being implemented as promised have to do with procedural issues. For one, all states put conditions on who will be eligible for the waiver and they have limited capacity to carry out the exercise of verification based on the conditions, thereby delaying the process and also, at times, leading to the exclusion of those who might actually be eligible.
Then, there are frequent mismatches between the bank details, Aadhaar details and land records submitted by farmers to be eligible for waiver with the details that various departments and banks within a state would have. Also, cooperative banks often do not, or delay, providing the state with the necessary details of farmers as required by the state.
Finally, perhaps most importantly, the states do not have the fiscal space – given India’s weak fiscal federalism – to implement the loan waivers as they are promised leading up to elections.
For instance, at the time the Congress promised the loan waiver, Madhya Pradesh had provisioned a total budget expenditure of Rs 1,90,736 crore. For the loan waiver, totalling Rs 36,500 crore, to be implemented within 10 days, as the party had promised, almost 20% of the state’s yearly budget would have had to be spent on this alone.
The state’s budgeted expenditure on agriculture in 2018-19 was Rs 37,000 crore. Currently, states have little ability to drastically increase their revenues. So, in order to implement the loan waiver within ten days, Madhya Pradesh would have had to either double its spending on agriculture by cutting in half its spending under other heads, or cut down, almost entirely, its spending on other aspects of agriculture to accommodate the loan waiver – a trade off any responsible government is unlikely to make. | <urn:uuid:9aa146b5-520a-469a-b85d-3214b84c96d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thewire.in/agriculture/states-budget-farm-loan-waivers-promises | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.978379 | 1,519 | 1.5 | 2 |
Guns, fast cars and water rescues: Inside the DNR's conservation officer school
DIMONDALE - In May, a Michigan Department of Natural Resources conservation officer was the first on the scene to drug overdose call in Calhoun County. With sternal rubs and chest compressions, the 11-year-veteran kept the patient alive until paramedics arrived.
A month later in Lake County, another DNR conservation officer was among the first to arrive along the Pere Marquette River, where a mother and daughter were trapped in a logjam after their canoe overturned in fast-moving water. That three-year veteran shimmied out onto a log over the river and rescued both.
From the archives: "More than scales, a day in the life of a Michigan motor carrier officer"
The actions of the officers, Jeffrey Goss in Calhoun County and Josiah Killingbeck in Lake County, were honored by their agency earlier this month. They also highlight the extensive training DNR conservation officers receive. From fast cars to pistols to deep-water rescues, the training goes far beyond regulating hunting and fishing licenses.
Story continues below photo.
It's important training because, especially in some of the most rural parts of the state, conservation officers are the first on the scene when trouble happens.
Twenty-two conservation officer recruits are now nearing the end of their 23-week school being held at the Michigan State Police Training Academy in Dimondale, at the Michigan National Guard's Camp Grayling in Crawford County and elsewhere.
In addition to what one might expect from a wildlife agency — fish and animal identification, conservation law, outdoor survival and search-and-rescue techniques — officers also learn precision driving techniques, crowd control, spotting signs of child abuse and neglect or domestic violence, forensic science and how to process a crime scene, field sobriety testing and more.
"Michigan conservation officer candidates face some of the longest and most comprehensive law enforcement training in the nation," DNR spokesman Ken Silfven said. "In addition to general law enforcement training, recruits must learn specialized skills and areas such as conservation law." The department does not allow recruits to be interviewed by media.
Recruits have to be so heavily trained because they will do work that is different from traditional law enforcement agents, said Sgt. Jason Wicklund, commander of the recruit school. They typically work alone and in some places, backup may be more than an hour away. They work with equipment that can get them deep into terrain other agencies can't reach, where they might find anything from a rowdy hunting camp to someone in medical trouble.
"We can get to places that most people can't get to you, and we teach the recruits the same thing: You have to be able to survive because you can't always depend on help coming," Wicklund said. "You have to be able to use your head, use your mouth, use your skills, to take care of business and get yourself home safely at the end of the day."
Recruits who make it to graduation just before Christmas will face a year of probationary training in the field, "which includes additional specialized training," Silfven said. If all of those recruits make it through, Michigan will have more than 230 conservation officers, up from 172 in 2014. | <urn:uuid:211b88d1-61b9-43e7-81f4-565906a7d54d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/capitol/2017/11/27/guns-fast-cars-and-water-rescues-inside-dnrs-conservation-officer-school/821126001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965262 | 678 | 2.34375 | 2 |
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Some sort of stipes—stems—felt deep-seated in your furrows in the barque, increasing the publication corrosion. In this article organic mushrooms seemed and so comfortable it can do felt not possible they can decompose an entire daybook. All of these exhausted cottonwoods along the riverside inside my young people found ditched it’s essential to sprouted weeds together your girlfriend low fat, great skin. | <urn:uuid:a715bc1e-1e4d-4297-82dd-ebb0cd012eff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://staging-blog.beeketing.com/blog/cottonwood-pine-pictures-you-free-shop-should-premium-high-quality-imagery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946486 | 1,560 | 1.53125 | 2 |
“The Hazel Wood” (by Melissa Albert) – is a novel that the literary world has declared a real sensation. It follows the story of seventeen-year-old Alice who spent most of her life on the road with her mother. Always in a kind of escape and a step ahead of the bad luck that will be behind her neck. When she receives a letter stating that her grandmother (once a famous author of a collection of unusually dark fairy tales) died alone on Hazel Forrest, her remote estate. Alice then realizes what happens when bad luck manages to catch up with you. Her mother is disappearing. The mother was abducted by a person who seemed to have stepped out of one of the supernatural worlds from Alice’s grandmother’s stories. The only thing Alice can use as a clue in her quest is her mother’s message. The message says: “Stay away from Hazel Forrest”. Although Alice has avoided unusual fans of her grandmother’s work all her life, in this case she won’t have too many choices. He finds an ally in Ellery Finch, a devoted fan of “Stories from a Distant Land.” Finch may have her own reasons for helping her. This novel is dark and magical. It is a stunning novel about obsession, fairy tale wickedness and motherly love above all. The novel, with each of its pages, is worthy of the incredible enthusiasm it provokes among readers.
“Six Four” (by Hideo Yokoyama) – the novel follows the story behind the case which is a nightmare. No parent could survive this nightmare. A case no detective could solve. A plot that no reader can predict. For five days in January 1989, the parents of a seven-year-old student from a Japanese town sat and listened to the conditions of their daughter’s kidnappers. She will never reveal his identity. He will never see his daughter again. For the next fourteen years, the Japanese public listened to police apologies. He will never forget the fiasco of the investigation that became known as the “Six Four”. He will never forgive the authorities for their failure. During a normal work week in late 2002, the chief of the police police department encountered a number of omissions in the investigation. It is a fascinating novel. Here the goal is not just to catch the killer but to show the overall picture of the whole of Japanese society. This is a crime novel that has surpassed all the clichés of this genre.
“The Seven Deaths of Evelyn Hardcastle” (Stuart Turton) – this dark crime movie has become so popular that it will soon be televised by the producers of the hit series “Downtown Abbey”. Instead of celebrating, the masked ball ends in tragedy. As guests watch the fireworks in amazement, someone kills the beautiful and young daughter of the Blackheath estate owner. Evelyn will not die just once. Until Aiden Bishop, one of the guests, solves the enigmatic crime, the day will repeat itself endlessly. He will always end up with a fateful shot from a gun. The only way to break that vicious circle is to discover the killer. Aiden wakes up day by day embodied in another person’s body. Aware that little things can change the outcome (and bring new information) Aiden tries to observe the world with his own and their eyes. If after this text you feel confused then open your eyes wide because the details are present all around you. | <urn:uuid:d75b37ee-e453-45c3-9a28-da8f10e643d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://magicandbeauty.blog/2020/05/11/literary-recommendations-melissa-albert-hideo-yokoyama-and-stuart-turton/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962288 | 759 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Back in school, we learned that our ancestors were hunter-gatherers. They moved around based on food availability. As they transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers, very early on they discovered that fermentation and the use of salt and smoke were great ways to preserve food. Slowly but surely, they developed the basic methods of modern-day agriculture and thus the evolution of food began. Nowadays, because of the high-paced world we live in, the food industry has evolved into the processed “food” industry.
Thanks to this evolution, processed foods have become widely available and since this form of “food” fits into the “ready in 5-minutes or less” category, for many, it’s become a very convenient way of getting their next meal.
With so much contradicting information out there, it’s easy to feel confused and overwhelmed about what to eat and what not to eat. In the next couple of paragraphs, you’ll discover 3-Hacks to Eating Better that will help you feel confident about your next meal.
Even though food has evolved so quickly over the last century, the human body has not caught up. Meaning, our bodies have not adapted to consuming processed foods. Our ancestors ate mainly fresh, locally-sourced fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and meat when available, for over a million years. Modern-day agriculture is only a little over a century old. When taking all of this into consideration, it’s not surprising to see a rise in chronic illnesses such as high blood pressure, type-2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and even cancer.
The human body makes sense, but you have to use your brain! Now, I’m not saying to go out there and collect fruit, vegetables, nuts and seeds for dinner. But, the next time you’re getting ready to reach for that frozen pizza (even if the box says it’s made with organic ingredients, paleo-friendly, etc.), ask yourself, “did my hunter-gatherer ancestors eat the ingredients listed on this package?”.
If Great Grandma were around, you could bet a hundred bucks she would stay away from aisles like the frozen food section, cereal, chips, soda, and even run away from products labeled “low-fat” or “sugar-free”. Why? Well, because she would not recognize ANY of those items as “real” food.
The idea behind creating processed foods back in the 50’s was to extend shelf-life and make food widely available. The only way to achieve this was by using chemicals and genetically modified ingredients. Sadly, during that time because of the increased sales in the processed foods industry, there was hardly any emphasis made on the long-term effects these foods had on health. It isn’t until recently that studies have shown just how detrimental the consumption of artificial ingredients, GMO’s, and chemicals really is to the human body.
Your brain is command central and your nervous system acts as a pathway to get messages out to every organ, cell, and tissue in your body. Food is the only way to nourish your body, and just like exercise, eating the right foods can improve your brain function and your overall health. But, when you’re feeding your body artificial ingredients, food that contains dyes or GMO’s you’re high-jacking the communication between your body and your brain.
What does this translate to? It means that feeding your body unnatural ingredients will cause your body to slowly stop functioning correctly. This is where chronic illnesses come into play. Despite efforts of Western medicine, not only are chronic illnesses in the adult population on the rise, but it is also on the rise in young children.
It’s unfortunate that we live in a world that’s always giving us mixed messages about how and what we should be eating. There’s always a “new miraculous” diet being put on the front cover of magazines giving people false hope. Because of this, so many have opted to not trust their own body’s capacity for healing.
All it really takes is looking at the hard and simple facts about how our bodies were designed and how they were truly meant to function. It doesn’t take a scientist to tell you that the more whole foods you include in your diet, the better your chances are of living a healthy and happy life.
Be sure to keep an eye out for the 2nd part of this article. We’ll dive a little deeper into the most common fad diets and clear up any confusion around them by using the 3-Hacks to Eating Better. | <urn:uuid:920c20a5-20cf-4904-9d59-0179ca20b6fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.advancedchiropractictumwater.com/blog/the-truth-about-food--part-i | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965048 | 981 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The DNP project is about the risk of angio-edema in african american using Ace inhibitor to control Blood Pressure. The goal of the intervention is to prevent the occurrence of drug-induced angioedema among African Americans and to improve patient outcomes after treatment with anti-hypertensive medications. The first objective is to train the healthcare providers (cardiologists, physicians, and nurse practitioners) to evaluate patients for the risk of drug-induced angioedema so that they will be detecting cases fast before development of complications. The second objective is to introduce the use of calcium blockers and thiazide diuretics to replace ACEIs as first-line drugs when treating African Americans for hypertension. The third objective is to introduce the C1 esterase inhibitor and icatibant drugs for the treatment of angioedema. | <urn:uuid:0c39916c-2f57-45e9-9d99-4a30352565c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blueribbonwriters.com/risk-for-angioedema-in-african-american-patient-using-ace-inhibitor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.90929 | 172 | 2 | 2 |
Traditionally, the development of risk management plans is tailored to address assessed and quantified risks. There is however always the ‘the unknown factor’. Enter the Covid-19 pandemic. Of course, we have faced pandemics before, but never on such a globally synchronous scale, thanks to global travel and trade.
It propelled the entire world into unchartered territory as mass economic and travel lockdowns were implemented, and contingency plans were hurriedly rolled out. For many industry sectors and businesses already teetering on the brink, it has been a crisis of unprecedented scale – a black swan event that simply cannot be quantified or dealt with, without the benefit of hindsight.
According to Michael Viterenwa, Senior Broker at Aon South Africa’s Construction & Engineering Broking Centre, government is the biggest spender on infrastructure in South Africa’s construction industry. “With the onset of our national lockdown, government diverted infrastructure spending to alleviate the economic and social crisis facing the country, cutting traditional expenditure by 80%. This brought a large portion of the country’s economy, including the construction industry, to a grinding halt. At the same time, restrictions on construction activity under lockdown regulations added further pain. Projects were left standing, deadlines were missed – the consequences of which are enormous.”
Viterenwa goes on to detail some of the emerging and concerning trends impacting the construction industry – and while many existed prior to Covid-19, they are now exponentially amplified:
- Community Forums – Better known in the industry as the ‘construction mafia’, local ‘community forums’ have been springing up around virtually every construction project – from a commercial project to the roll-out of fibre in the suburbs. Members demand their cut of the ‘work’ pie by applying pressure to contractors to employ local ‘community’ members, many of whom do not have the experience or skills required to perform the job. If contractors don’t comply, they are typically threatened with disruptions and even the safety of their employees and projects – some of these disruptions and threats are so severe that contractors are either forced to comply at huge cost, or in some instances, abandon the projects entirely as the situation becomes untenable and not worth the risk.
It’s a serious and growing threat to the construction industry and the much-needed infrastructure development in South Africa – law enforcement, local authorities and construction bodies need to find common ground to resolve this issue and regulate the practice – which is likely to worsen as South Africa shed a further two million jobs in the last quarter alone.
- Pricing – With work and projects in short supply, pricing wars are leaving contractors exposed to the risk of unexpected costs or delays, that are often met with penalties that contractors will simply not be able to meet. Cutting corners and costs inevitably means cutting skills, quality and safety.
- Currency – The rand’s declining value against the US dollar (26% over the last five years) has severe financial implications for an industry that relies on the import of machinery and specialised materials.
- Supply Chain – Given the global nature of this crisis, supply chains across all geographies have been disrupted with extended and costly delays on key components and materials, not to mention skills.
- Credit Risk – The failure of businesses across the spectrum is bringing capital availability problems into sharp focus. Accounts receivable is often the largest uninsured asset on a company’s balance sheet, constraining cash flows and having huge implications for creditors when debtors go into business rescue or liquidation.
- Skills Shortages – Uncertainty and volatility around politics and economics are likely to widen South Africa’s growing skills shortage as an exodus of skilled people takes place. Companies are under pressure to afford and retain top talent. Increasing crime rates and growing social unrest as a direct result of the Covid-19 fallout are likely to further push skilled people into the arms of emigration to seemingly safer shores and better social structures.
- Property Portfolios – During lockdown, many companies gave up their office space in a bid to cut costs as the work-from-home trend took hold. As a result, many companies are not spending on building new offices or renovating existing office space. It’s likely to be a long-term trend as many corporates realise that staff can successfully work from home, and that prime floorspace might not be as necessary as once thought. Shopping centres and malls are also under severe pressure with many large retailers having to cull stores and jobs as a result of the lockdown and depressed consumer spending.
To say that times are incredibly tough and uncertain would be a gross understatement. In a bid to cope, many construction companies have cut capex by 50% – 60%, jobs have been cut, work hours have been reduced and property rentals in industrial and commercial properties are likely to never return to pre-Covid levels as remote working becomes part of the new normal.
“Construction companies, landlords, developers and contractors will need to explore ways of managing the impact and complexity of a radically changed environment. It is vital to engage with all relevant parties to renegotiate contracts and clauses. These may include authorities, owners, lenders, contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, clients, and so on. Aon Global Risk Consulting (AGRC) has been working with organisations to identify, assess and quantify the short- and long-term impact of Covid19 on construction projects which can then be used as a basis for negotiation with external stakeholders and help communicate the situation internally,” Michael explains.
To this extent, the approach consists of:
- Identifying construction project components which can generate high financial impacts, from a cost and delay perspective.
- Preparing a register listing and justifying each high financial impact and grouped by generating component.
- Quantifing the overall financial losses associated with each impact and creating multiple impact scenarios from a cost and delay perspective.
- Comparing the results of impacts quantification to the contingency plans in place and existing insurance policies.
Insurance matters related to projects that are still on the go remains a concern. “Many companies are opting not to renew their insurance policies due to cost-cutting, which could be detrimental to their operations on projects that are still in progress. Companies have a legal obligation to ensure that cover is maintained up to the conclusion of a project, as the financial and liability repercussions could be catastrophic if anything should go wrong,” Viterenwa urges.
“The industry will pick up in the coming months and we are already seeing a commitment from government regarding infrastructure spending, and positive signs on the energy front with a determination by mineral resources & energy minister Gwede Mantashe to procure 11.8GW of additional electricity in the coming years from independent power producers. Government has also committed to expedite the implementation of at least 50 infrastructure projects with a total investment value of more than R340-billion in the coming months as part of South Africa’s economic recovery plan.
“It is crucial that construction companies maintain their covers and conditions of cover as far as possible. As reinsurers and insurers prepare for their major renewal season in January 2021, they may find that they will not have access to the same type of cover, pricing and terms and conditions from insurers that they have now. A conversation with a professional broker that specialises in construction risk is crucial in order to anticipate any changes in policy wording, terms and conditions, pricing and potential exclusions to maintain a workable and affordable level of cover during these trying times, and to avoid the potential for costly and potentially uninsurable liabilities,” says Michael.
As a key driver of South Africa’s economy, and a key pivot in the country’s post-Covid recovery, more than ever the industry sector needs to maintain and grow its resilience and embrace change to emerge leaner, more focused, and having mastered new technologies and a new world of work in a very different new normal. Suitably scoped insurance and risk management practices remain fundamental to being able to embrace risks for the opportunities they present in the coming months. | <urn:uuid:45747fe8-7cd2-4e39-97f0-6b6aa9c6f7f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://saaffordablehousing.co.za/construction-sector-critical-to-sas-post-covid-economic-recovery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958925 | 1,672 | 1.515625 | 2 |
- National security adviser John Bolton once said Russia's election interference was a "true act of war" against the US, and that a policy based on trusting Russia was "doomed to failure."
- Bolton's tune changed completely after he met with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday.
- He also said President Donald Trump and Putin will likely discuss Trump's recent calls for Russia to be readmitted to the G7 alliance.
- When confronted by a reporter about his shift on Russia, Bolton said he would not address the discrepancy.
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US national security adviser John Bolton once said that Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election was "an act of war" against the US and warned that the US could not trust Russia.
On Wednesday, he told the Russian leader: "We are most appreciative of your courtesy and graciousness."
Bolton's comments came after he met with Russian President Vladimir Putin ahead of a highly anticipated summit between Putin and US President Donald Trump in July.
Citing Kremlin spokesperson Yury Ushakov, the Russian state media outlet TASS reported Putin and Bolton discussed "strategic stability in the world, control over nuclear weapons and, in general, a disarmament dossier." Ushakov said they also discussed the conflicts in Syria and Ukraine, North Korea, and the Iran nuclear deal.
Bolton and the Kremlin did not say whether he and Putin discussed Russia's election meddling. The Kremlin said the two men did not broach the subject of sanctions or the diplomatic spat between the US and Russia.
At a press conference held later in Moscow, Bolton said Moscow and Washington would announce the time and place of the Trump-Putin summit on Thursday. The presser was broadcast from the headquarters of the Russian state media outlet Interfax, instead of from the US embassy in Moscow.
A testy exchange over Ukraine and Russian election meddling
One reporter asked Bolton whether he felt it was appropriate for Trump and Putin to meet given that Russia has not changed any of its behavior in the past.
He was also asked whether Trump would broach Russia's election interference and allegations that a Russian missile was responsible for downing Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in 2014.
Bolton responded that "there are a wide range of issues ... where both [Trump and Putin] think they'd like to find constructive solutions. I'd like to hear someone say that's a bad idea."
"You yourself said a national security policy based on faith that regimes like Russia will honor their commitments is doomed to failure," the reporter replied.
Bolton said that he would not address previous statements he had made and reiterated that Trump will "raise the full range of issues" between the US and Russia when the presidents meet in July.
He also said Trump and Putin would likely discuss Trump's recent calls for Russia to be readmitted to the G7.
Trump first brought up his proposal during the annual G7 summit in Canada earlier this month, also reportedly suggesting Crimea was part of Russia because the people there spoke Russian. Russian state media celebrated Trump's reported statements, with one host declaring, "Crimea is ours! Trump is ours!"
Bolton pushed back on that notion when The Wall Street Journal's Anatoly Kurmanaev asked whether Trump recognizes Russia's annexation of Crimea — in other words, whether Russia controls Crimea.
"That's not the United States's position," Bolton replied.
A Bloomberg News reporter later asked Bolton whether he was "suspicious" that Putin arrived on time to the meeting and treated Trump's emissary "with more respect" than he gives other world leaders.
"That's the hardest question I've been asked here today," Bolton quipped. "I could either agree with you that he wasn't late, or I could tell you when he actually arrived and be accused of saying that he was late."
As for "the meaning of [this meeting] with respect to ... anyone else that you mentioned, I think I'll just duck the question," Bolton added. | <urn:uuid:bf14684c-abb4-4bc1-9fb2-ecf96db4a310> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessinsider.com/john-bolton-putin-meeting-russia-policy-shift-2018-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97549 | 829 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Plenty of natural sunlight isn't an unusual quality of a dream home. But what about a home built completely of glass so the light would never be hidden? For a pair of young artists, a beautiful sunset and a thoughtful conversation led to the construction of a breathtaking retreat in mountainous West Virginia.
Photographer Nick Olson, 27, who works with old-fashioned labor-intensive photographic processes, and designer Lilah Horwitz, 23, who makes "site-specific clothing," met at an artist’s residency in Pennsylvania. Early on in their relationship, Olson invited Horwitz to join him on a trip to his family’s property in southern West Virginia. One evening, the two went on a walk in the woods that resulted in an artistic vision.
While the sun began to sink behind a hill, the couple began talking about how amazing the light appeared at that moment. What if, they pondered, there could be a living space where light changed based on the time of day?
“Light is so different in the morning, at noon and at dusk. We wanted to somehow build a house so that change happened in our living space,” Olson said. “It’s about being closer to living with the elements.”
Both Olson and Horwitz had summer plans to work at their current jobs, but agreed they had suddenly discovered a project worth pursuing.
In what Olson calls a “spur-of-the-moment decision,” the new couple quit their jobs, rented a U-Haul and began driving state to state to find the right windows for a home made completely of glass.
Most of the windows the couple collected were found or scavenged, Olson said. Some were purchased, but not many. The first the couple found was in a big stack of old windows at an abandoned barn in Pennsylvania. Horwitz describes finding that window as “serendipitous.”
When they had collected enough glass, the two began constructing the home on the family land near New River Gorge National River park. The closest town to the property is Hinton, West Virginia, Olson said.
The building process was sometimes frustrating, Horwitz said. The two built the entire structure themselves – their only audience was the occasional curious deer, rabbit or fox. The home’s front window wall is about 16 feet high, but the base of the structure is another 4 feet off the ground, Horwitz said.
“It was just the two of us trying to put up these gigantic posts. It was scary and hard,” she said. “Looking at it now, it’s just totally insane. It’s huge. I realize now that’s what makes it so amazing.”
Olson credits an artistic vision and frugality with the success of the home. While living on a diet of rice and beans, the two used nails, wood and anything salvageable from an old barn on the property to piece their enormous structure together. They estimate they spent $500 in total on the project.
“Even the roofing we took from the abandoned barn,” Olson said. “We were able to make it a reality because we are first artists and creators. We had to be resourceful to do it cheaply.”
After months of work, the home was completed in December. On what was once a pile of old windows and a patch of wooded land stood a beautiful glass building. Though there is no plumbing or electricity, the two artists said they enjoy the space as an escape.
Horwitz described her favorite time of day inside the home as the “nighttime sun” – just as dusk falls.
“That’s when everything inside is on fire,” she said.
Olson said he’s awestruck when the sun goes down.
“The house is an experience at night,” Olson said. “The fireflies start at the ground and merge to the stars up above. It’s really like you’re sleeping under the stars.”
Someday Olson and Horwitz hope to build onto the home and add an outdoor kitchen, solar power and a wood-burning stove, they said. But for now, the Milwaukee-based couple said, they’ll enjoy the home as a picturesque retreat.
Here's the lovely video where Yahoo Homes first learned of the project: | <urn:uuid:15eecfba-7217-42f5-94dd-8e6069092852> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/spaces/young-couple-quit-jobs-build-glass-house-500-204553074.html?ref=gs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973012 | 923 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Pros of Adult Orthodontics to Explain to Hesitant Patients
Even though more adults than ever now seek orthodontic work for aesthetic reasons, many who could benefit from procedures such as braces nevertheless decline treatments. Orthodontic work benefits overall physical health as well as improves appearance. Why, then, do so many shy away from procedures that could permanently improve their quality of life?
Many patients mistakenly believe that all orthodontic work is inherently cosmetic. Therefore, even those who carry quality dental insurance plans figure they must pay out of pocket even if that assumption is erroneous. The way orthodontists choose to speak with patients greatly impacts their overall motivation to pursue the procedures that could benefit them the most.
Important Considerations for Giving Orthodontics the Green Light
If a practice accepts insurance, they may wish to clarify for patients the extent of their coverage. For example, dental implants for missing teeth have long fallen under the cosmetic umbrella, but now, certain plans do provide some coverage for the procedure. Patients with Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) may likewise use those funds to replace missing teeth, which makes an excellent talking point.
Also inform patients that most insurance plans do cover braces, as failure to correct bite issues can lead to greater health consequences down the road. Some misaligned teeth cause patients substantial pain, which can result in difficulty eating, leading to potential malnutrition or even anorexia in extreme cases.
Teeth can also grow compacted, leading to difficulty flossing. As this issue can result in tooth decay and gum disease, orthodontic work prevents the need for more expensive treatments in the future. Consider this approach when you’re speaking with uninsured patients who are concerned with cost.
How to Speak with Patients More Successfully
Convincing hesitant patients to have needed orthodontic work requires a bit of finesse, but the most important thing for any successful communication remains following the Golden Rule. Patients who feel trusted and respected listen more readily—and are more likely to return to have the suggested work done.
When you’re communicating with patients who indicate hesitance toward orthodontic work, practice the following behaviors as much as possible:
- Begin with courtesy: Address patients by name and greet them warmly. Smile, ask how they’re doing, and exchange a pleasantry or two to help make them feel welcome.
- Listen: Many in the health industry tend to rush ahead with recommendations without first identifying patient concerns. But as those in the sales world well know, it’s difficult to overcome objections without knowing what they are. Practice active listening by responding with reflecting statements, and ask patients what worries them the most about undergoing the procedure.
- Align discussions with patients’ concerns: If a patient expresses financial concerns, recommend the least expensive option first, and discuss the potential costs of waiting. If a patient raises doubts about how orthodontics will impact their appearance, start by discussing options like lingual braces, which are invisible. Patients concerned with both cost and appearance may benefit from ClearChoice® or Invisalign®, which cost between $2,000 and $5,000—considerably less than most lingual/conventional braces options.
- Respect requests for second opinions: Many providers become a bit defensive when a patient informs them that they plan to seek an outside opinion. While not all patients seeking second opinions return, those who do come back do so because they trust their original orthodontist more than any other. As these patients do their due diligence, they’re more likely to keep follow-up appointments and follow care instructions.
- Know when to back off: Even the most convincing sales professionals fail to convert every lead. Every health professional—regardless of their field—encounters patients who say they need time to think but then seemingly fall off the face of the earth. Follow-up marketing costs in employee labor and promotional supplies like postcards. It also takes valuable time away from those patients who do routinely visit, so make sure you know when to throw in the towel.
- Utilize referrals: Patients like to know what their expected treatment outcome will look like. Past patient testimonials paired with photos, when available, convince many individuals uncertain of possible procedures to give the proposed treatment a green light.
Stepping back and removing ego from patient interaction can improve the bedside manner of any care provider. Orthodontists who maintain friendly, positive attitudes—even when a patient initially says no to a recommended procedure—may see these patients change their minds as their trust grows.
Revealing a Beautiful New Smile
Orthodontists know well how the right braces or other procedures will benefit patients’ health and outward appearance, but convincing patients of the value provided takes skill and practice. By maintaining an open mind, presenting a caring demeanor, and honoring patients’ needs, those in the orthodontic industry can grow their profits and improve their reputations while gifting the world with more beautiful smiles. | <urn:uuid:07d9d3d8-cfce-4b0d-bf6c-2fe98c4d136c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thedentalgeek.com/2019/10/pros-of-adult-orthodontics-to-explain-to-hesitant-patients/?replytocom=2105 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.939138 | 1,033 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Q&A -Ask Doubts and Get AnswersPrevious Next
Understanding Elementary Shapes
1. Which of the following are models for perpendicular lines :
(a) The adjacent edges of a table top.
(b) The lines of a railway track.
(c) The line segments forming the letter ‘L’.
(d) The letter V.
Solution: (a) Yes, the adjacent edges of a table top are perpendicular to each other.
(b) No, the lines of a railway track are parallel to each other.
(c) Yes, the line segments forming the letter 'L' are perpendicular to each other.
(d) No, the line segments of letter 'V' are making an acute angle.
2. Let be the perpendicular to the line segment . Let and intersect in the point A. What is the measure of ∠PAY ?
Solution: The figure looks like shown below:
The measure of ∠PAY = 900.
3. There are two set-squares in your box. What are the measures of the angles that are formed at their corners? Do they have any angle measure that is common?
Solution: The measure of angles in two set squares in the box are:
30°, 60°, 90º and the other set square has 45°, 45° and 90°
Yes, the angle of measure 90° is the common angle between the two set-squares.
4. Study the diagram. The line l is perpendicular to line m
(a) Is CE = EG?
(b) Does PE bisect CG?
(c) Identify any two line segments for which PE is the perpendicular bisector.
(d) Are these true?
(i) AC > FG
(ii) CD = GH
(iii) BC < EH
Solution: (a) CE = 5 - 3 = 2 units.
EG = 7 - 5 = 2 units.
Yes, CE = EG.
(b) As, CE = EG, hence PE bisects CG.
(c) From the figure, PE is the perpendicular bisector for the line segment DF and CG.
(d) (i) True, AC = 2 units and FG = 1 unit
Hence, AC > FG
(ii) True, CD = 1 unit and GH = 1 unit.
Hence, CD = GH
(iii) True, BC = 1 unit and EH = 3 units.
Hence, BC < EH
Related Questions for Study
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Chu Teh-Chun was born on 24 October 1920, in Baitu Zhen, Anhui, China. He was exposed from a young age to calligraphy and classical Chinese poetry. Chu displayed artistic talent whilst at school, and was admitted to the avant-garde Hangzhou Academy of Fine Arts in 1935, where he studied under Lin Fengmian, Wu Dayu, and Pan Tianshou, learning both Western and traditional Chinese painting techniques. He met Wu Guanzhong and Zao Wou-Ki whilst studying there, the former becoming a particularly close friend. Having had to flee Hangzhou during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-45), he graduated in 1941 and became an assistant professor at the National Academy of Fine Arts, Chongqing, and painted in the style of Cézanne, Derain and Matisse. In 1947, the National Central University left Chongqing to return to Nanjing – Chu would make the journey to Nanjing down the Yangtze, seeing spectacular landscapes that would prove inspirational to the artist.
In 1949, Chu moved to Taipei with his wife, Liu Hanfu, and their newly born daughter. He was officially commissioned by the government to produce a series of historic paintings on the history of the Republic of China (1953) and had his first solo exhibition, at the Sun Yatsen Hall (1954), whilst in Taipei. In 1955, Chu moved to Paris where, upon the discovery of Nicolas de Staël’s work at a retrospective at the Musée d’Art Moderne (1956), began to explore abstraction. Chu signed a six-year contract with Galerie Legendre in 1958, which gave him the opportunity to focus purely on his practice for the first time, though he decided not to renew in 1965. Chu was exhibiting internationally at this stage, including a major exhibition at the Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh (1964), and represented China at the 10th São Paolo Biennial (1969).
In 1971, Chu moved to Bagnolet. He returned to calligraphy, and began to incorporate aspects of the technique into his abstract canvases, as well as producing calligraphic works on paper. He had solo exhibitions at the St-Etienne Maison de la Culture et des Loisirs (1978) and Musée des Beaux-Arts, Le Havre (1982), and returned to China for the first time in thirty-five years in 1983, when he was invited to join the Association of Artists of China. Whilst there, Chu’s revisitation of the dramatic landscapes provided fresh impetus, and he began to produce monumental canvases from 1984. In 1990, he moved to Vitry-sur-Seine and continued to exhibit internationally, including in China for the first time in more than fifty years (1997). In 1999, Chu was inducted in the Academy of Fine Arts – the first Chinese person ever – and was awarded the French Légion d’Honneur in 2001. Chu’s last major project was Les Vases de Sévres, 2007-09, a collaboration with Manufacture des Sèvres that culminated in fifty-eight vases that were exhibited at the Guimet Museum, Paris. Chu died on 26th March 2014, in Paris.
Chu’s work can be found in the following selected international collections: Shanghai Museum of Art, Shanghai; Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangzhou, China; National Museum of History, Taipei; Taipei Fine Art Museum, Taiwan; Musée d’art moderne de la Ville de Paris; Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris; Musée Cernuschi, Paris; Musée des beaux-arts André Malraux, Le Havre. | <urn:uuid:e685edab-3a4e-4ec1-89de-a9ccfe12ae46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oliviermalingue.com/artists/47-chu-teh-chun/biography/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960718 | 793 | 2.109375 | 2 |
URBAN ARCH Response to COVID-19
In this edition of the URBAN ARCH Newsletter, we highlight how the URBAN ARCH studies adapted to the restrictions put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated implications on study operations. Three months have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic (WHO, 2020). Although each cohort has been affected by the same virus, differences in government regulations, protocols, and site accessibility have led to a variety of adaptations.
URBAN ARCH Research Continues
Although COVID-19 has created disruptions for each cohort, work has continued to move the research studies forward. In Russia, studies have been able to continue. For St PETER, some participants have continued to come for in-person study visits, while for others, the team obtained IRB permission to conduct the assessment via phone. In the case of TMAO and ACME, ancillary studies of St PETER, samples continue to be collected. The UH3 (PETER PAIN) study, requiring experimental pain testing and medication dispensing, has not yet begun enrollment; recruitment has been pushed back until restrictions are lifted. St. Petersburg study staff at Pavlov State Medical University are in the office a limited number of days, but are still able to conduct in-person visits two days a week. Only one patient may be in the clinic at a time, and disinfection occurs between patient visits. All staff wear masks and gloves, both while working with patients and performing administrative work. All participants are required to wear a mask and gloves and each participant receives a temperature check on arrival. Please see the photos below to observe how the local Russia site staff are taking precautions in the office.
In Boston, 4F recruitment is currently suspended due to institutional restrictions on in-person research. The study has been able to proceed with phone visits, however the in-person annual visits have been restructured to consist of two parts. The first part is conducted over the phone or Zoom video conferencing and encompasses all sections of the assessment that are able to be asked remotely. The second part of the assessment will be conducted once the team is able to resume in-person research activity and will encompass all sections of the assessment that must be completed in person, such as balance, grip strength, and chair stand tests. Additionally, the Boston ARCH qualitative study has been restructured so that the interview and focus group formats can effectively be conducted remotely.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Public Health response in Uganda, all study activities were paused in March 2020, following directives from Uganda President Museveni restricting all private and public transportation throughout the country. Only staff who lived close to the offices (by walking or bicycle) were able to come into the office during the allowed hours of movement in the day.
These restrictions on movement were eased on May 26th for private cars and on June 4th for public transportation to operate at half capacity. Transportation costs for study participants to come for study visits have doubled with public transportation operating at half capacity.
Government Response to the Pandemic
Each government has dealt with the pandemic differently. The Russian border to China closed on January 30, and Russia temporarily restricted incoming flights and trains from China shortly after. Due to the low early prevalence of COVID-19 in Russia, few other restrictions went into place after this initial action. St. Petersburg reported its first case of COVID-19 on March 4 and later that month (March 28), restrictions on leaving personal residences as well as utilization of public transit were enacted in conjunction with the restrictions imposed by the federal government. While the restrictions were initially planned to last only until April 14, they continued to be pushed back and are set to be lifted in St. Petersburg on July 14. As of June 25, 2020, St Petersburg reported 23071 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 961 deaths. Based on results of a population study conducted by European University, 5.7% of citizens of St. Petersburg had COVID-19 antibodies (about 200 000 people).
Due to the stay at home order in Massachusetts, all staff in the Boston ARCH cohort are working remotely. Restrictions on returning to the workplace will be lifted in phases. Massachusetts is currently in phase 2 out of 4, but the trajectory for when research activity will return to “normal” is still unclear.
The Ugandan government’s response starting in March, 2020 included shutting down of all borders, except for transportation of essential goods, supplies, and services. Testing commenced with individuals who had left the country within the first two weeks of March, and continued with testing all on arrival at Uganda borders via air or ground transportation. People were initially asked to self-quarantine upon arrival for 14 days, but subsequently, individuals were quarantined in government-identified isolation centers. Contact tracing has been in effect since the first positive case with isolation centers set up at the border towns. As of June 23, 2020, Uganda has 797 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 0 deaths with truck drivers making up the majority of the COVID-19 positive tests.
COVID-19 Related Supplements
All cohorts submitted urgent competitive supplemental revisions following the Notice of Special Interested issued by NIAAA (NOT-AA-20-11).
St PETER’s COVID supplement aims to 1) describe and estimate prevalence of COVID-19 infection in the St PETER cohort; 2) determine the association between COVID-19 infection and systemic inflammation as measured by biomarkers (e.g. IL-6 levels); and 3) determine the association between COVID-19 infection and metabolic profiles.
The overarching goal of the Boston ARCH proposed supplement is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of physical distancing and other mitigation strategies on substance use among people living with HIV.
The Uganda cohort proposed to look at changes in alcohol use, ART levels, and viral suppression before, during, and after stay-home restrictions in people with HIV in Uganda and Boston and the association of alcohol use and changes in alcohol use with these outcomes in the same cohorts.
The Admin Core would like to offer a heartfelt thank you to all of our clinicians and medical professionals who continue to serve vulnerable populations during this unprecedented time, and another thank you to our staff, investigators, and collaborators who are staying home and flattening the curve. We look forward to continuing to collaborate virtually and resuming our domestic and international research activities in full as permitted.
World Health Organization. “WHO director general’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19”. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020. March 11, 2020. | <urn:uuid:f95a58b8-7f6d-4cf8-aafd-9e611ceb149e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sites.bu.edu/urbanarch/newsletter-main-story-volume-7-issue-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962995 | 1,454 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Heat Sink PCB Mounting: Maximizing Cooling with Best Design Practices for a Surface Mount
Just How Important Are Heat Sinks?
It’s a hot summer day in smoggy Brooklyn… Your fan is in an awkward spot in your overcrowded apartment and you can’t shake the heat. If only you could restructure your apartment’s layout so that the fan is blowing air in your direction to cool you down. The same can be said for your printed circuit board heat sink design if your surface mount technology (SMT) heat sinks are not properly aligned with the airflow or the right shape for transferring heat to the air. Unfortunately, your printed board can’t deal with the extra heat by sweating, so best to avoid burning up your printed board by selecting the correct SMT heat sink device design.
As you know, an SMT heat sink is not affected by the normal soldering and reflow processes used in producing semiconductor circuits, and they are unique because they remove heat through thermal conductivity. Additionally, the raised up wings of the SMT heat sink create more surface area to help with the power dissipation with the temperature rise in the air.
Higher efficiency cooling can be achieved through altering heat exchanger surfaces or by using stronger fans. For SMTs, the laminar airflow from plain fins is usually not enough to dissipate the heat, so designers are exploring different fin shapes to improve heat transfer. For example, serrated fins are used to increase surface heat exchange and air turbulence, with some designs incorporating hollow fins and fins with added cut-outs.
How to Select the Correct SMT Heat Sink
I love hunting down the perfect heat sink. While this can be a quick and dirty process by simply calculating the necessary thermal resistance and slapping an acceptable pin fin heat sink onto your circuit board, a little bit of thought can result in PCB designed with a more efficient solution for heat dissipation. It's the challenge that makes heat sink design exciting! The major things to consider when selecting any heat sink are:
The material of the heat sink: copper vs. aluminum: Understanding the thermal management tradeoff between copper and aluminum for your heat spreader is important. While copper is preferred for heat transfer, aluminum has the design benefit of being cheaper and lighter. Having a heavier heat sink on a circuit board can be bad news. A suggested design is to combine a copper baseplate with an aluminum heat sink to carry heat from the CPU.
Fin configuration: The geometry and layout of fins are important factors in heat dissipation. For example, cross-cutting fins into short sections improves heat transfer at the fin surface (especially in cases with airflow from unpredictable directions). Augmented fins can also optimize heat transfer through the curvature of metal in relation to the air. Thermal resistance decreases with the more fins used.
The footprint: Having too large of a heat sink can be an issue (and can even cause the risk of putting stress on your circuit board). Furthermore, with a trend towards ever-smaller product designs and electronics, you might find yourself always looking to minimize footprint.
Heat sink height: The height of your fins is also important in dissipating heat on your board. Thermal resistance decreases with increasing fin height. However, at some point there may be a tradeoff where a shorter fin is preferred to accommodate some other aspect of the design.
Attachment Method: While sometimes overlooked, attachment method can significantly affect your board’s thermal performance. Methods for attaching your heat sink include thermal compound tape, epoxy, and clips. You’ll have to do some further research to weigh out the pros and cons of the various attachment methods. For example, while thermal tape is cheap and easy to use for aluminum heat sinks, it may not hold securely in different situations.
Pin fin heat sinks are an obvious go-to for heat dissipation since they generally have the most surface area, however, to maximize their efficacy, you as the designer must be aware of the air fluid dynamics at play. To save you the time and energy of cracking out your CFD software, here are some basic rules to follow:
Pin fin heat sinks work best when the air flows axially along the pins, but if your design is tight and this is not a viable option, then it is worth considering using a straight fin heat sink.
Straight fin heat sinks have been shown to outperform pin fins when airflow is tangential to the heat sink.
Don’t Forget to be Aware of Your Air Speed
The speed of your airflow can significantly alter your expected fin heat sink performance. While a dense fin structure might be attractive since it increases your surface area, it might also up your air resistance if your airflow is too low, which won’t help you out much.
To tackle the issue of low airflow environments (~ 1m/s), flared fin designs have been tested and shown to outperform their straight counterparts. For example, in low airflow settings splayed pin fin heat sinks outperform their straight pin fin counterparts by 20-30% and flared fin heat sinks outperform their straight fin counterparts by at least 20%.
Working with SMDs in Altium Designer
Choosing the correct SMT heat sink, while enjoyable, can be a timesink. Altium Designer® will simplify your life by keeping the SMT rules in mind for you so that you can focus on cooling down your board effectively. Using professional PCB design software you can spend less time on tedious rules and more time on making your PCB design almost as good as you are at keeping things cool.
Check out Altium Designer in action...
Powerful PCB Design | <urn:uuid:18c52efd-3696-467e-998a-6709018ae5b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://resources.altium.com/p/maximizing-pcb-cooling-with-best-design-practices-for-surface-mount-heat-sinks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.911116 | 1,172 | 2.75 | 3 |
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