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Dewalt Jiggers are simply some of the finest equipment on the market today. They’re designed with versatility, usability, and durability in mind. It’s for these reasons that you’ll find many professionals investing in a high-quality DeWalt double jigsaw to be used in their own workshops. This article will discuss why these products are so highly recommended and what types of jobs they can be used for. After reading this article, you should have a better understanding of just why they are so popular with construction workers.
First off, let’s take a look at exactly what makes a Dewalt double jigsaw so superior. One feature that really stands out is its ability to make precise cuts. Many cordless jigsaw tools make wide open or circular cuts, but a Dewalt gives you the ability to cut in any direction as long as the teeth are all facing towards you. In fact, there are even some models on the market that can cut in an “X” pattern! This is something that not all manufacturers can come close to.
Another thing that sets Dewalt double jigsaws apart from their competition is the degree of power that they provide. Cordless power tools generally provide more kickback than jigsaws with a corded option. This can be problematic, especially if you are using a larger piece of wood. The same is true for cutting through sheet metal. Dewalt provides precision cuts that you simply won’t find in other brands. This is primarily due to the fact that the company manufactures its instruments in a number of different sizes.
A key feature of the Dewalt double jigsaw is its brushless motor. While this motor may not be as powerful as those used in other brands, it certainly is far more powerful when compared to its smaller, cordless counterpart. The reason for this is that a brushless motor allows the tool to operate at a much faster speed than any corded model. When comparing its cutting speeds with the competition, it is easy to see why the Dewalt wins out in terms of power output. While it may not cut as quickly as its competition, it does create much more controlled cuts and puts out enough torque to cut through virtually any surface.
The most important feature of a new one of these blades is the ability to lock in cuts. With older models, you would occasionally accidentally hit something else while trying to cut. This happened quite frequently, even if the cutting piece was attached to the saw properly. With a Dewalt 20v max, this is virtually impossible to happen. You will have no issues as long as you remember to lock your blade.
While these are certainly not your traditional power tools, they do make great general equipment for most home improvement jobs. Many people who own them still use them every day, even after years of owning them. For this reason, most people never purchase any other brand of blades for their Dewalt or Jigsaws. There are simply just so many good things about them. | <urn:uuid:2376f4b8-9e17-4e4e-adb8-e56620df64cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.drillchainsaw.com/have-you-ever-thought-about-a-dewalt-jigsaw/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970921 | 615 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Vehicles are useful in so many situations, starting from going to the supermarket and maybe a quick trip to the beach, or even for everyday travel to work.
Sometimes though there might be emergency situation like flat tire , loss of power of the battery or maybe hitting your bumper on a rock. In this cases you should have some basic emergency items in your car, so that you can fix them or at least remove the dangerous parts and travel for the next service shop to fix it.
The car emergency items should include items like – batteries, flashlights, bandages, fire extinguisher and other tools such as screwdrivers and maybe a hammer.
The tool can be used as window breaker, seatbelt cutter it has bright color for easy spotting when needed.
The fireextinguisher is something that is crucial in case there is a fire in your vehicle. It is small and yet quite important to carry with your car.It is suitable for use with Class A (trash,wood and paper), Class B (liquids and gasses) and Class C (energized electrical equipment).
There is pressure gauge which allows for immediate pressure status checking.
First Aid Kit
There are many useful items in case of emergency. This kit includes Adhesive Bandage Strips (for your knee, elbow , knuckles, butterfy bandage, spot and triangular), Abdominal Trauma and Eye pads, Sterile Gauze Spongers and Rolls, Medical Tape, Alcohol Wipes, Povidone Lodine Wipes, Antiseptic Towelettes, Aclohol-Free WOund Cleansing WIpes, Cottom Tip Applicators, CPR Face Mask, Disposable Latex-Free GLoves, Instant Cold COmpress, Medical Face Mask, Metal Scissors/Tweezers, Safety Pins, TOurniquet, Wooden Splints/TOngue Depressors.
This items can be useful in so many differnet situations in case of emergency when in your vehicle.
The kit comes with lighweight carry case.
IT comes also with First Aid guide.
The triangle should be used when you have emergency stopped with your vehicle.
Car emergency 42 piece set
It has Carry case, 8 foot 8 gauge jumper cables, Aluminum Flashlight and batteries, 2 in 1 screwdrivers, Duct Tape, Emergency Poncho, Shop Cloth 5 Cable ties, 20 bandages, 4 towelettes and reusable zipper lock bag.This kit might be useful in different situations. | <urn:uuid:7418de1b-056e-4d66-a50c-b0fa3a4473d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://review-zone.net/best-car-emergency-equipment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.907162 | 533 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Avocado oil (Persea americana) is a thick, penetrating oil that is rich in vitamins A, C, D and E, proteins, beta-carotene, potassium, lecithin and fatty acids. It softens and nourishes dry, dehydrated skin and is easily absorbed. It is said to reduce age spots and heal scars.
Avocado Oil is great for all skin types. This oil has a high “slip” factor. Contains Palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acids. This oil is wonderful for dehydrated skins as it has the ability to penetrate the upper layers of the skin. Avocado oil is very moisturizing and therefore also very helpful for rashes, eczema and aging skin types.
Note: This is a natural product and therefore should be refrigerated to prolong its shelf life if you are purchasing in large quantities. Regular, everyday use – store in a cool, dark spot. | <urn:uuid:32a6f27d-f0e2-463a-8b1d-753d13101692> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://57aromas.com/product/avocado-oil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953214 | 209 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Recognized as the official Pride month, June is filled with parades, races and sports tournaments of all sorts. It’s a fun-filled time most of us don’t think a lot about. However, back in 1969 being outed was a terrifying prospect – something that literally could ruin your life, personally and especially, professionally. But it was a series of spontaneous riots that took place at the Stonewall Inn in New York City’s Greenwich Village neighborhood that laid the groundwork for Gay Pride, what many take for granted today.
Known today as the Stonewall Riots, it’s acknowledged as the first time in American history that the LGBT community rose up in protest against government-approved persecution of sexual minorities. And one of the outcomes of those riots was the creation of Gay Pride, an annual event that proclaims to the world at large that:
1. people should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity
2. diversity is a gift, and
3. sexual orientation and gender identity are inherent and can’t be altered intentionally.
LGBT athletes have always played sports but most of them, especially professional athletes, felt they needed to be closeted for their personal and professional protection and safety. As the Pride movement began to grow, gay sports teams and organizations began to be slightly more open. But what really launched gay sports into the public eye was the first Gay Games held in San Francisco in 1982.
Following his experience as an Olympic decathlon participant, Dr. Tom Waddell had a vision of gay athletes being able to experience the same meaningful enjoyment he had gotten from being an Olympian. From that idea of an Olympic-inspired competitive sports festival for the LGBT community was born the Gay Games, using as its banner Waddell’s founding principles of Participation, Inclusion and Personal Best™.
Originally called the Gay Olympics, posters were printed using that title. But the name was changed to the Gay Games after the U.S. Olympic Committee sued Waddell for use of the Olympic name. And on May 15, 1982 one gay transplant from the Midwest by the name of Shamey Cramer walked into the Mother Lode bar in West Hollywood to use the pay phone. When he saw the Gay Olympics poster hanging there, he experienced a life-changing “aha” moment.
“I knew instantly my calling had found me,” Shamey recalls. He’d been a cross-country runner in high school and also had begun cycling, a sport he really enjoyed.” And thanks to prompting and support from U.S. Olympian and human rights lawyer Susan McGreivy, two weeks later he founded Team Los Angeles as they prepared to participate in Gay Games I. He also became a charter member of the International Gay Olympic Association (1982-85) that was created with Dr. Waddell.
It is thanks to the gay athletes-turned-activists like Shamey Cramer (or activists-turned-athletes) who have continued to keep the Pride alive for new generations of LGBT athletes. But it’s also straight or ally athletes who have joined in, declaring to the world at large that sexual orientation and gender identity have absolutely no bearing on an athlete’s ability to play the sports of his or her choosing.
No longer limited to just the gay sports community, it is now the sports diversity community that continues to keep the Pride alive. This expanded sports community truly is diverse, containing professional, recreational and Olympic gay athletes as well as professional, recreational and Olympic straight athletes, all working within their own areas to eliminate the once-inescapable stigma of being a gay athlete. Some make it a life-long commitment to the LGBT community overall, some work specifically in one segment of the community while others face an unexpected problem and become a visible face and voice for sports diversity. Here are three stories illustrating the different approaches by individuals and organizations to the wonderful work that continues to keep the Pride movement not just alive but also relevant.
Shamey Cramer – The Lifelong LGBT Community Activist
Since Shamey’s initial connection to the inaugural Gay Games in 1982, he has continued to be involved in gay community activism, mainly but not limited to a sports connection. At the end of 1985 he was diagnosed as HIV-positive and he says that a combination of good genes, eating well and keeping his body fit has made him one of the few diagnosed in that era who is still alive.
Some of Shamey’s accomplishments include founding the Los Angeles 2006, Inc., a finalist-bid for Gay Games VII, mapping out the route for the first California AIDS Ride in 1992 as well as being a rider and fundraiser for the event. He joined the West Hollywood Aquatics water polo team in 2000 and medaled at two International Gay & Lesbian Aquatics championships playing goalie, even as a fill-in goalie in one competition for the Sydney Stingers Waterpolo team. He’s also an avid cycler.
Shamey even moved temporarily to Washington, D.C. to lobby for passage of the HOPE Act in 2013 that enabled HIV-positive organ donation for transplant use for HIV-positive people. It’s estimated to save 600-1,000 lives a year.
As a member of the Federation of Gay Games board and assembly since 2010, he has traveled the globe in support of the organization’s mission of Participation, Inclusion and Personal Best™. Most recently Shamey returned from Cambodia on a Gay Games promotion tour along with 17-year-old champion diver Jordan Pisey Windle. A Cambodian orphan, Windle was adopted at age two by U.S. citizen Jerry Windle. Hoping to represent the U.S. in the Rio Olympics in August, he’s been trained by a number of top divers, including Greg Louganis.
Chris Mosier – Changing the Rules for Transgender Athletic Competition
One of the most visible and effective change agents for transgender athletes is trans man Chris Mosier. He has always loved sports but he was frustrated by the lack of visible role models for transgender athletes. And as a triathlete and sprint duathlete, he was also frustrated by restrictive transgender competition rules. While he has many other accomplishments to his name, Chris lives his life by the motto he reads every day: “Be who you needed when you were younger.”
Many organizations used the original International Olympic Committee (IOC) transgender competition guidelines that required athletes to change their sex legally, to be on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for at least two years and the most troubling, the requirement to change their sex anatomically by undergoing gender reassignment surgery. But it was Chris’ seventh-place finish in the men’s 35-39-age-category at the Duathlon National Championship in June 2015 that propelled his desire to change the rules for trans athletes into overdrive.
In a ground-breaking moment, Chris earned a spot on the national men’s duathlon team competing for Team USA. But while he was supposedly eligible to participate with his teammates at the 2016 World Duathlon Championship in Spain this month, it was only IF his sport’s governing body, the International Triathlon Union (ITU) changed its eligibility rules.
Fortunately, due to growing medical research data on trans athletes and Chris’ willingness to be a visible role model for other trans athletes, in November 2015 the IOC changed its guidelines for transgender athletes, and the ITU followed suit. Now, for those whose sports use the IOC guidelines, trans athletes will be allowed to compete without having the previously-required external and internal gender reassignment surgeries and their HRT time requirement has also been lowered from two years to one.
This means that Chris is now part of Team USA competing in the spring world championship at the 2016 World Duathlon Championship June 4-5 in Aviles, Spain. And in even better news, Chris has earned his second national team berth at a recent race in North Carolina and in 2017 he’ll be competing in the long-course world championship.
IGLA – Standing Against North Carolina’s Political Homophobia
The International Gay & Lesbian Aquatics (IGLA) organization is considered the world’s foremost international organization promoting aquatic sports for LGBT athletes and their friends. With a long history of inclusion and equality, the organization’s worldwide Master’s-level aquatics divisions include swimming, water polo, synchronized swimming and diving.
This year the U. S. Masters Swimming (USMS) Spring National Championships were scheduled to take place April 28-May 1 in Greensboro, North Carolina, a competition that draws many IGLA members. But when the North Carolina general assembly and governor passed anti-LGBT House Bill 2 (HB2) in March, members realized there was trouble. David Hildebrand and Louis Thorpe, one a current, the other a former member of Team New York Aquatics (TNYA), brought it to the attention of the IGLA board.
Board co-presidents Kris Pritchard from the Washington Wetskins team and Elisabeth Turnbull-Brown from TNYA sent a letter to USMS CEO Dawson Hughes. Recognizing that USMS selects competition sites two years in advance, the group didn’t ask for the competition to be canceled but instead asked USMS to issue a public statement condemning North Carolina’s HB2 law. They also asked that in the future, USMS Nationals bids not be awarded to states with anti-LGBT laws in place and to inform North Carolina of that decision.
Prior to the start of the Nationals competition, Hughes responded positively to their letter, praising the long-standing strong relationship between the two organizations. He also noted that USMS had already been in contact with the host committee and received assurance that all contestants would be protected under the USMS rules that include gender and sexual identity. The organization also said they were including a message regarding the situation in their pre-event email to the approximately 1,800 Nationals participants. (To read both letters in full, go to: www.igla.org/2016/04/letter-to-u-s-masters-swimming-concerning-spring-nationals-in-greensboro-nc/)
And on another front, IGLA member Kristin Gary created a t-shirt logo that read, “H2O NOT HB2. SWIM FOR LOVE. NOT HATE.” Once at the competition she and a very supportive man not part of an IGLA team helped distribute the shirts. Any money collected was donated to an appropriate cause in North Carolina. Kudos to IGLA and its members, both gay and straight for taking an unexpected negative event and addressing it in a positive way by standing up against homophobia.
So during this year’s Pride celebration in your area, whether you’re playing a sport, marching in a parade or just hanging out with friends, please take a moment to give thanks to the Shamey Cramers, Chris Mosiers and IGLAs in our inclusive sports diversity community who have stepped up to the plate. Thanks to them, they’re keeping the Pride alive in 2016 and beyond.
By Connie Wardman
Powered by Compete partner, MyOatmeal.com. | <urn:uuid:9c6f058a-9b04-4257-96ed-196b187baaf6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://competenetwork.com/sports-diversity-keeping-the-pride-alive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965651 | 2,376 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Health Care Reform
If you are one of the 1.2 million New Jerseyans without health insurance today, you and your family have a lot to gain from health care reform, especially beginning in January 2014.
The health care reform law will expand access to insurance and broaden your benefits. These changes may give you access to new services at lower costs.
Facing off to patients and the community every day puts you in the spotlight and we are committed to helping keep you versed in the new law and its requirements.
More people than ever will enter the market for health insurance. Your clients will look to you for guidance on new marketplace and the new health plans which can strengthen your relationship as a valued partner to your clients.
Although the new law may seem overwhelming, it is designed to help business owners find affordable health insurance for their employees.
Starting January 1, 2014, most Americans will need to have health care coverage. This is part of the individual mandate, the requirement by the government that individuals maintain health insurance.
The health care reform law will expand access to insurance and broaden insurance benefits. These new benefits bring new costs. | <urn:uuid:ace8956c-3b40-47d5-819c-ba8377126c17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.horizonazul.com/en/health-care-reform | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.964899 | 230 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Bell’s theorem is a ‘no-go theorem’ that draws an important distinction between quantum mechanics (QM) and the world as described by classical mechanics. This theorem is named after John Stewart Bell.
In its simplest form, Bell’s theorem states:
No physical theory of local hidden variables can ever reproduce all of the predictions of quantum mechanics.
Cornell solid-state physicist David Mermin has described the appraisals of the importance of Bell’s theorem in the physics community as ranging from “indifference” to “wild extravagance”. Lawrence Berkeley particle physicist Henry Stapp declared: “Bell’s theorem is the most profound discovery of science.”
Bell’s theorem rules out local hidden variables as a viable explanation of quantum mechanics (though it still leaves the door open for non-local hidden variables). Bell concluded:
In a theory in which parameters are added to quantum mechanics to determine the results of individual measurements, without changing the statistical predictions, there must be a mechanism whereby the setting of one measuring device can influence the reading of another instrument, however remote. Moreover, the signal involved must propagate instantaneously, so that such a theory could not be Lorentz invariant.
Bell summarized one of the least popular ways to address the theorem, superdeterminism, in a 1985 BBC Radio interview:
There is a way to escape the inference of superluminal speeds and spooky action at a distance. But it involves absolute determinism in the universe, the complete absence of free will. Suppose the world is super-deterministic, with not just inanimate nature running on behind-the-scenes clockwork, but with our behavior, including our belief that we are free to choose to do one experiment rather than another, absolutely predetermined, including the ‘decision’ by the experimenter to carry out one set of measurements rather than another, the difficulty disappears. There is no need for a faster-than-light signal to tell particle A what measurement has been carried out on particle B, because the universe, including particle A, already ‘knows’ what that measurement, and its outcome, will be. | <urn:uuid:67137714-0e87-43c7-8569-2a688bccf43f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hydrogen2oxygen.net/en/2016/03/21/bells-theorem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.924368 | 465 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Tachometer Indicator, Electrical, New Old Stock PN 656K-03
Here is an authentic original WWII-era Electrical Tachometer Indicator Kollsman part number 656K-03 (US Army Type E-9), as used in US Army Air Force fighters P-38 Lightning, P-39 Airacobra, P-47 Thunderbolt, P-51 Mustang, and P-63 King Cobra. This specimen is New Old Stock and was received by Aero Antique in its original sealed carton dated November 28, 1944, and we are the first to have opened it since then.
The Army type E-9 tachometer indicator consists of a three phase alternating current synchronous motor and an indicating element. By using the magnetic drag principle, the speed of the synchronous motor is transmitted to the indicating element, which registers it on a dial marked in revolutions per minute. Indicates engine speed from 0-3500 RPM.
This design of the E-9 has two pointers: the long pointer indicates RPM in 100's. The short pointer indicates RPM in 1000's along the same scale. Some E-9 designs had a single pointer indicating 100's RPM with a small inset window at the 9 o'clock position with rotating numbers 1-3 indicating 1000's RPM.
The instrument is in mint condition. The dial measures 3.25 inches diameter and is approximately 5 inches deep. | <urn:uuid:5f564e9a-6edf-4716-97dd-db54fa989626> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aeroantique.com/collections/new-at-aeroantique/products/tachometer-electrical-new-old-stock-pn-656k-03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.907895 | 294 | 1.507813 | 2 |
LED illuminated nets reduce bycatch of sharks and skates by an incredible 95 percent while maintaining catch rates of target species
Download the Study
In a win-win for commercial fisheries and marine wildlife, researchers have found that using lighted nets greatly reduced accidental bycatch of sharks, rays, sea turtles, and unwanted finfish.
Publishing their results in the journal Current Biology, the researchers found that lighted gillnets reduced total fisheries bycatch by 63 percent, which included a 95 percent reduction in sharks, skates, and rays, an 81 percent reduction in Humboldt squid, and a 48 percent reduction in unwanted finfish, while maintaining catch rates and market value of target fish.
Authors of the study include Jesse Senko, Assistant Research Professor, Arizona State University; Hoyt Peckham, Director of Small-scale Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation Society; Daniel Aguilar-Ramirez, Fisheries Biologist, National Fisheries and Aquaculture Institute of Mexico; and John Wang, Fisheries Ecologist, NOAA Fisheries.
Gillnets are one of the most extensively used fishing gear in coastal regions throughout the world’s oceans, but often catch other animals not targeted by fishers. These include endangered, threatened, and protected species such as sharks, sea turtles, marine mammals, and seabirds, but also other fish species as well as non-marketable juvenile target fish species. These animals are often dead, injured, and dumped overboard. The incidental capture of non-target species – known as “bycatch” – in coastal gillnet fisheries has contributed to declines in endangered species worldwide and has also impacted coastal ecosystems.
Over the past decade, illuminating gillnets with LED lights has emerged as an effective tool to reduce bycatch of endangered sea turtles in coastal gillnet fisheries. However, the effects of net illumination on other vulnerable species, total fisheries bycatch, and efficiency of fishery operations have never been examined.
The researchers attached green LED lights every 10 meters on gillnets along the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico and were surprised to find that the lighted nets almost eliminated bycatch of sharks, skates, and rays, an ancient group of animals that has declined globally due to bycatch and illegal fishing.
Moreover, the illuminated nets reduced the time it took fishers to retrieve and disentangle the nets by 57 percent, making this technology attractive for fishers looking to increase their efficiency independently of any concern for bycatch. This resulted from fishers needing to remove fewer entangled animals in the illuminated nets, which included considerably fewer turtles, sharks, skates, rays, squid, and small finfish, which can be time consuming, difficult, and even dangerous to remove from nets. In practical terms, this means that fishers can save more than an hour per trip when fishing with illuminated nets, which can also help improve the quality of their catch.
Said Jesse Senko of Arizona State University and lead author of the study: “These results demonstrate that the potential benefits of illuminated nets extend well beyond sea turtles, while demonstrating the strong promise for net illumination to mitigate discarded bycatch in similar coastal gillnet fisheries throughout the world’s oceans.”
Said Hoyt Peckham, a co-author on the study and Director of Small-scale Fisheries at the Wildlife Conservation Society: “Gillnets are ubiquitous because they are inexpensive and catch everything that passes them. This work is exciting because it provides a practical solution increasing gillnets' selectivity and avoiding their bycatch. Emerging technologies should help us incorporate this kind of lighting into gillnet materials so that adopting this solution will become a no-brainer for fishers.”
Said John Wang, a co-author on the study and Fisheries Ecologist at NOAA Fisheries’ Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center in Honolulu: “Making life easier for fishers by reducing the amount of time untangling bycatch is equally essential as reducing the bycatch biomass in nets. It is important for fishers to know that there are tangible benefits for them. This is critical for the adoption of such technologies by the fishing industry.”
WCS is working in many costal nations to reduce the bycatch of iconic megafauna in gillnet fisheries, such as dolphins, sharks and rays. However, to date there have been limited technical solutions that would reduce that bycatch while allowing continued catches of the species the fishers set out to catch, and often those catches have key livelihood and food security implications. This work provides a possible means of safeguarding threatened megafauna in their final strongholds around the world, and will be explored further as part of WCS’s global marine conservation efforts.
Join more than one million wildlife lovers working to save the Earth's most treasured and threatened species.
Thanks for signing up | <urn:uuid:f43b934f-794f-4737-b3a5-b7d8193aa2b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://programs.wcs.org/newsroom/News-Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/17174/categoryId/202/Lighted-Nets-Dramatically-Reduce-Bycatch-of-Sharks-and-Other-Wildlife-While-Making-Fishing-More-Efficient.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946417 | 997 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days has the following styles of gameplay.
- In a third person game you typically run around looking over the shoulder of the main character. They are frequently shooters like Gears of War or platformers like Tomb Raider or Assassins Creed.
- Shooter games are fast paced action games that are based on testing the players reaction time. They usually involve the player holding a weapon in front of them and attempting to shoot other players or characters. Some shooters are short lived arcade style, but most have both a single player mission series and some have a large multiplayer following. Common shooters include Call of Duty and Battlefield.
Forward Ports for Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days
When you are playing Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days you might need to forward some ports in your router. Forwarding ports is a useful trick in gaming because it can really help to make your network connection most stable and intermittently even faster. Routers were not designed to allow incoming network requests and some games can play tremendously better if an incoming connection is forwarded through the router to the game.
Before You Forward a Port
Before you can forward a port you need to know the following things:
- The IP address of your network router.
- Your gaming machine's IP address.
- The TCP and UDP ports that need to be forwarded.
How to find your router's IP Address
The easiest way to locate your router's IP address is to run our free Router Detector utility. It's a part of the Network Utilities suite of tools and it's completely free to use.
How To Forward Ports
An easy way to do this is use our Network Utilities software. It can open your ports with just a few clicks. Then when you are done you can just was quickly close your ports again. Alternatively you can do it by hand.
The process for forwarding a port is usually:
- Login to your router.
- Locate your routers port forwarding section.
- Put the IP address of your computer or gaming console in the correct box in your router.
- Put the TCP and UDP ports for your game in the matching boxes in your router.
- Sometimes you have to reboot your router for the changes to take effect.
Which Ports Does Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days Require
The required ports that need to be forwarded for Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days are as follows:
Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days - PC
- TCP: 27015-27030, 27036-27037
- UDP: 4380, 27000-27031, 27036
Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days - Playstation 3
- TCP: 3478-3480, 5223, 8080
- UDP: 3074, 3478-3479, 3658
Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days - Xbox 360
- TCP: 3074
- UDP: 88, 3074
We have guides that are custom tailored for Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days that will show you the exact ports.
- Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days - PC
- Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days - Playstation 3
- Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days - Xbox 360
That's all it takes to forward your ports. Have more games that need a boost? Check out our growing list of games and applications. | <urn:uuid:2a75f58c-792b-489f-83ca-7e15a1700b56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://portforward.com/kane--lynch-2-dog-days/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.920239 | 686 | 1.664063 | 2 |
By Melissa Sweat, Online Community Manager
Among the world’s most productive people, Benjamin Franklin still stands as tough competition for the top. This uncannily-industrious Founding Father was not only a politician, but an inventor, musician, printer, postmaster, scientist, author, and—not surprisingly—a chronic journal writer. “What good shall I do this day?” wrote Franklin in the wee morning hours of his “scheme,” where he charted his daily goals and schedule. And at day’s end, he posed another question of reconciliation: “What good have I done today?”
One of the reasons why Franklin was so productive is that he held himself accountable to his goals and ambitions—and his chief method for doing so was the daily journal. Let’s explore four reasons why using a paper journal—yes, paper!—can help accelerate your accomplishments and make you more productive in the digital world.
The Power of Paper. “It takes just a few seconds, literally 5 to 10 seconds, to capture an important note in the paper journal,” writes People-OnTheGo Founder Pierre Khawand in his Accomplishing More With Less Workbook. “In the electronic world, it may take that much time, and usually much more, just to get to the application where we capture the information.” A paper journal, in this case, is actually faster and more efficient than an electronic device; it’s quieter, easily portable, and requires no batteries or charge, so it’s always going to be there and ready to use. The paper journal can be inspiring, too, like these handmade, recycled journals from Recover Your Thoughts, and a good change of pace from our digitally-dominated world.
Reflecting & Reconciling. Like Ben Franklin’s good example, reflecting on what we intend to accomplish at the start of the day and reconciling what changes have occurred at the end of the day—seeing if goals were met, what needs to followed up on, etc. helps “put a stake in the ground," as Pierre says. This way we cannot avoid or escape our goals and ambitions; the journal holds us accountable on a daily basis.
Write it, then let it rest. If we have a sudden burst of inspiration, an idea or strategy to jot down, or some item relating to our daily tasks that needs to be attended to later, the journal allows us to write it down quickly, then get back to the job at hand. Instead of analyzing the importance of that information in the moment, the journal enables us to quickly capture it and gives us the distance to process it at a later time—instead of interrupting our focus.
Intend. Affirm. Act. So many times in life and at work, we beging a project only to lose our intention and commitment to follow through with action. Just as we hold ourselves and our goals accountable in a journal on a daily basis, journaling in the long-term helps us keep on the path of our greater mission. If we want to make a change in our lives, journaling about it daily for a week or two can also help bring clarity to the change, and we may find our commitment level increases, as well. We may even discover more insight surrounding this intention than we would have simply by letting our thoughts wander.
In short: Capture your intentions. Hold yourself accountable. “Dare to journal!” as Pierre encourages. “The results can be beyond your imagination.” | <urn:uuid:1b1c1fad-b7ca-4d17-b6a6-ed5734e740bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.people-onthego.com/blog/bid/86892/Dare-to-Journal-in-the-Digital-World-4-Reasons-Why-this-Slow-Tech-Practice-Can-Accelerate-Your-Accomplishments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.948999 | 748 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Workplace sexual harassment ongoing in women, up for men
(HealthDay)—Sexual harassment (SH) is a continuing occupational health problem, according to a report published recently in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.
James Campbell Quick, Ph.D., and M. Ann McFadyen, Ph.D., from the University of Texas at Arlington, discuss SH in the workplace and examine whether progress has been made toward reducing the burden of SH.
The researchers note that there was a 28 percent decrease in SH complaints over two decades. However, there has been an increase in complaints by males. Evidence exists that coworkers, subordinates, customers, and clients harass, as well as superiors, and women who violate traditional feminine ideals are also targets of harassment. Women tend to report more adverse effects after SH than men, including negative mood, eating disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, work turnover intentions, long-term anxiety, job stress, and/or burnout. Men who experience SH do not find the experience as anxiety provoking, although one study indicated that SH results in depression and anxiety for men. The lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and transgender workforce is more likely to face gender and sexual orientation SH than gender SH alone. Laws and company policies, together with training on these laws and policies, have been used to combat SH in the workplace.
"There has been progress on some fronts but not on others and the problem has morphed, becoming more complicated for a variety of reasons," the authors write.
Copyright © 2017 HealthDay. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:428b712d-de9d-4f2b-a10f-778ad5754d51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-11-workplace-sexual-ongoing-women-men.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960015 | 315 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Apple has partnered with the German lens and optics manufacturer Carl Zeiss AG on a new pair of augmented reality smartglasses, according to technology blogger Robert Scoble.
The conversation occurred during the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas last week, Scoble said. It specifically took place at the Zeiss stand in the AR section of CES, according to Scoble.
"Carl Zeiss is in the AR part of CES," Scoble wrote on Facebook. "But it is NOT showing off its mixed reality optics. Why not? I said 'Tim Cook didn't let you' and the employees around me smiled nervously."
Scoble has a mixed track record when it comes to Apple's future products. He claimed, for example, that the iPhone 8 would be "a clear piece of glass." That's almost certainly not going to happen.
But we do know that Apple is very interested in augmented reality. CEO Tim Cook said in September that he was excited by the possibilities of augmented reality.
"There's virtual reality and there's augmented reality — both of these are incredibly interesting," Cook said. "But my own view is that augmented reality is the larger of the two, probably by far."
—Robert Scoble: VR/AR (@Scobleizer) January 9, 2017
The glasses could be announced by Apple as early as this year, Scoble said, writing that he previously expected Apple to announce them in 2018.
Unlike Google and Snapchat, Apple is yet to release any form of computerised glasses.
If Scoble is right and Apple is planning to release a pair of glasses, it's unclear how they would be positioned versus competitor products or where they would be priced. Google's failed Glass product cost over £1,000, while Snapchat is selling its Spectacles in the US for $130 (£100). | <urn:uuid:93a6150d-4d2d-40ed-97d7-f28778406ff2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-google-glass-carl-zeiss-ag-2017-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.978288 | 381 | 1.609375 | 2 |
So, Mary Portas, Queen of Shops, has been drafted in by Coalition ministers to lead an independent review into the state of British retailing.
Straightaway she has declared that she doesn’t much like Tesco and the rest of the supermarkets, who she says are killing off local high streets.
Ministers can’t claim to be surprised at this — Portas has been saying the same thing for some time. This Mary has a reputation for being quite contrary.
Sometimes I wonder if her abrasive manner distracts from the real issues. Talking about about the “faceless mute at the till” at Tesco just sounds offensive. And wrong, as far as I can see. I don’t shop at Tesco very often but when I do its checkout staff seem perfectly chatty — and, in the case of the Tesco Metro around the corner from me at home, a whole lot friendlier than the grumps in some of the independents on the same street. Sorry, but it’s true.
Which is not to say that the supermarkets aren’t utterly ruthless in the way they do business, or that they don’t screw over their suppliers, or that their centralised systems aren’t shamefully wasteful and environmentally unsustainable. They are and they do. And yes, the supermarkets use below-cost selling, manipulate the planning system and suck money out of local economies.
But with the exception of a few strongly contested cases the supermarkets are operating entirely within the law. They are each simply doing what any big corporation would do in their situation — because an ineffectual regulatory system allows them to ride roughshod over the public interest.
The supermarkets have sailed through two separate investigations by the Competition Commission; have been allowed to concoct a Code of Practice “that protects no-one but themselves” (Norman Baker, MP); and then buy up thousands of convenience stores to re-colonise the local high streets they left for dead 30 years ago. Doesn’t that suggest it is the ‘system’ that really needs investigating?
Two major reports — Clone Town Britain and High Street Britain 2015 — warn that Britain’s small shops, currently going under at the rate of 2,000 a year, will have almost vanished by the end of the decade. To stop the rot, politicians at both Government and local council level need to retake responsibility for our town centres and local high streets — and stop caving in to corporate interests and powerful lobby groups.
By Jim Manson
Natural Products editor and environment journalist
Jim Manson is editor of Natural Products magazine. He’s written widely on environment and development issues for specialist magazines and national media, including the Financial Times, The Guardian and Time Out. | <urn:uuid:b3df616e-0da2-4e3e-915b-1d5c3839e482> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naturalproductsonline.co.uk/opinion/its-the-system-mary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952597 | 573 | 1.5 | 2 |
Rosangela Cardoso is a youth leader and physical education teacher at an Adventist school in Tucurui, southern Para, Brazil. “Two years ago it became painful for me to breathe. At first, doctors said it was a temporary pain, a side effect of a pneumonia I had,” says Cardoso. Last year, in greater pain, she returned to the hospital. After running several tests, the doctors diagnosed her symptoms as emotionally related and gave her some medication. Her health only worsened.
A new reality
Read more at the source: Young woman with cancer travels halfway across Brazil to participate in Reset camp
Article posted on en.intercer.net from Adventist.org News Feed. | <urn:uuid:bdec2b63-907a-4645-96fb-44c2dd46ac87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.intercer.net/news/young-woman-with-cancer-travels-halfway-across-brazil-to-participate-in-reset-camp.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961044 | 151 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Canada Workers Benefit (CWB) is a non-refundable credit available to low income Canadians when they file their taxes.
This post starts with the Canada workers benefit payment dates for 2022 then goes on to provide an overview of the program, how to claim it, how to apply for the advance payment, how much you can get in CWB, and many more.
Canada Workers Benefit (CWB) Payment Dates 2022
You are allowed to receive half of your CWB in advance quarterly payments. If you do, the Canada workers benefit (CWB) payment dates for 2022 are:
|Benefit Quarter||CWB Payment Dates|
|Quarter 1||January 5, 2022|
|Quarter 2||April 5, 2022|
|Quarter 3||July 5, 2022|
|Quarter 4||October 5, 2022|
That means the next and third CWB payment date for 2022 is July 5, 2022.
To ensure you receive your payments on time without disruption on the dates above, you’re advised to enroll for direct deposit.
If you’re enrolled for direct deposit and did not receive your payments on the CWB payment dates for 2022, CRA recommends you wait for 10 working days before contacting them.
Note that your payments may not come on the CWB dates above if your benefits are mailed to you as a cheque. The dates you receive the cheque will vary depending on the mail service in your area.
What is Canada Workers Benefit?
Canada workers benefit (CWB) is a refundable tax credit for individuals and families that work but earn low income.
The tax credit was introduced in 2019 as a replacement to the Working Income Tax Benefit (WITB). Compared to WITB, the Canada workers benefit provides more benefit and has a lower claw back rate. Claiming CWB is also more streamlined.
With the changes introduced in the 2021 budget and announced in June 2021, the Canada Workers Benefit will now be available to 3.2 million Canadians.
CWB has two parts: a basic amount and a disability supplement
Basic amount: Every CWB eligible Canadian will receive the basic amount. The amount you can receive depend on a number of factors such as your marital status, adjusted net income, having eligible dependents and so on.
The benefit is gradually reduced when the net income exceeds a set threshold and completely eliminated for those with higher income.
Disability Supplement: is an additional supplement of up to $720 in 2022 for eligible CWB recipients that are also eligible for the disability tax credit. For families, the spouse receiving the disability tax credit is the one to apply for the CWB disability supplement and the basic amount.
In most provinces, a minimum employment income of $3,000 is required to qualify for Canada workers benefit.
Eligible Canadian residents can claim the tax credit when they file their taxes, and the credit is paid as a lump sum. Alternatively, they can receive half of the credit as advance payments paid quarterly through the year, and the balance paid when they file their taxes.
Related Post: Tax credit vs tax deduction
Eligibility: Who can claim CWB?
The Canada workers benefit (CWB) is only available to Canadians earning a low income. In addition, the following conditions must be satisfied:
- Earn working income above $3,000 in most provinces – employment or self-employment
- Resident of Canada for tax purposes throughout the year
- Aged 19 or more by the end of the year
- Live with a common-law partner, spouse or child if you’re under 19
- Earn below the maximum income threshold for individuals and families
For a spouse to be eligible for CWB, they must live with you as a spouse or common law partner by December 31 and also meet all the criteria above.
Eligible dependents also have to satisfy these criteria: below 19 years, ineligible for CWB and be your, or your partners, child.
However, Canadian residents that fall into one of the categories below are not eligible for Canada workers benefit:
- Confined to a prison or other correctional institutions for at least 90 days in the year
- Enrolled at a designated financial institution for at least 13 weeks as a full time student within the year and had no eligible dependent on December 31.
- Diplomats, or other foreign officers or servants, that do not pay Canadian tax, including their family and employees.
Disability supplement: You or your spouse are eligible for disability supplement for CWB purposes if you’re eligible for the disability tax credit and the CRA has a Form T2201, Disability Tax Credit Certificate in their records for you.
Employment Income Requirement for CWB
In most provinces, a minimum employment income of $3,000 is required to be eligible for the Canada workers benefit. But Quebec and Alberta have lower thresholds of $2,400 and $2,760 respectively. Nunavut is highest at $6,000.
The minimum income requirement to receive the disability credit is much lower across all the provinces. Most provinces have a minimum income threshold of $1,150.
But it is $910, $1,200 and $4,800 in Albert, Quebec, Nunavut respectively.
How to Claim the Canada Workers Benefit (CWB)
Since Canada workers benefit is a tax credit, you can claim the credit when you file your annual income tax returns electronically.
Any of the CRA certified tax software will let you claim the tax credit and provide instructions on how to complete it.
Those filing using a paper return can use a Schedule 6, Canada workers benefit. Simply fill the form and submit it along with your tax returns.
For couples or those with partners, only one of you can claim the basic amount. If you qualify for the disability supplement, the spouse that is eligible for disability tax credit is required to claim both the basic and disability supplement.
However, both parties must claim the disability supplement if both of you receive the disability tax credit, but the basic amount is only claimed by either one of you.
In summary, you can claim Canada workers benefit in 2 ways:
- Electronically using a tax software
- Completing Schedule 6, Canada workers benefit if you use paper returns
Check here for the best free tax software for Canadians.
How to Apply For CWB Advance Payments
Rather than wait to receive the Canada workers benefit when you file your taxes, you’re allowed to receive half of your benefit as advance payments if you’re eligible for CWB.
There is a separate application for Canada workers benefit advance payment and there are two ways to apply:
- Online: by logging into your CRA My Account and completing the Canada workers benefit advance payment application. You’ll find it under “Related Services” to the right of the screen.
- By Mail: Download and complete a Form RC201, Canada Workers Benefit Payment Application. Part 3 of the forms should be completed if you’re claiming the disability supplement.
If you go with the mail option, send the completed Form RC201 to the Sudbury Tax Centre. Get the mailing address here.
An application is required for every year you remain eligible for CWB and your completed application must be received by August 31 for it to be processed by CRA.
Applications open by January 1 for each tax year. And only one advance payment application is required for spouses and common law partners.
As part of the CWB advance payments application, you’ll be required to provide an estimate of your expected income for the year in Step 4. This is necessary to estimate what your CWB tax credit will be for the current tax year and to determine the advance payment (50%) amount.
A few things to note:
- Try to be as accurate as possible when estimating your expected income for the year
- You’ll not receive an advance payment if your estimated CWB tax credit is below $200. In other words, the minimum advance payment that can be paid for the year is $100 or $25 per quarter.
- The balance of your CWB entitlement is credited to you when you file your income tax returns. That is, the actual CWB tax credit minus the advance payment you’ve received.
- If the advance payment you receive is more than your final CWB credit, you’ll be required to repay the excess amount.
CWB Rates: How much is the Canada Workers Benefit?
A single individual that is eligible for CWB can receive up to $1,395 as the basic amount, while families can get a maximum of $2,403. The CWB disability supplement also pays up to $720 for individuals and families.
Note that these maximum amounts apply to all provinces except for Alberta, Nunavut and Quebec residents.
The maximum CWB amounts for Alberta, Nunavut, Quebec and the rest of Canada are shown in the table below:
|Provinces/Territories||Max CWB for Individuals||Max CWB for Families|
|Quebec – No children||$2,319.14||$3,620.09|
|Quebec – with children||$1,269.60||$1,849.68|
But the actual amount you receive as Canada workers benefit depends on several factors such as:
- Net Income: adjusted family income and earned working income
- Province or territory of residence
- Marital Status or having an eligible spouse
- Number of eligible dependents
- Disability tax credit eligibility
CRA will consider all these information in calculating your CWB. In most cases, eligible individuals and families will not get up to the maximum amounts.
You can use the CWB calculation sheets provided by CRA to calculate how much your CWB tax credit will be. Simply choose the one for your province or territory and your marital status.
Alternatively, the CRA Child and family benefits calculator can provide an estimate of how much you can receive for all your benefits including CCB and GST/HST credit.
CWB Claw back
The CWB amounts are gradually reduced or clawed back by 12% once your adjusted net income reaches a threshold.
These thresholds vary depending on whether you’re an individual or married, or whether you’re eligible for the CWB disability supplement or not.
For 2022, the applicable net income after which the CWB starts reducing for families are shown in the table below:
|Provinces/Territories||Claw Back Starts at||Max Income to Receive CWB|
|Quebec – No children||$18,897.50||$36,997.95|
|Quebec – with children||$18,905.35||$28,153.75|
For an individual, the CWB basic amount starts reducing at an adjusted net income of over $22,944 and it is completely clawed back when it crosses $32,244.
CWB Basic amounts for families are gradually reduced starting from $26,177 and nothing is paid when the adjusted family net income is above $42,197.
Note: the clawback rate is vary for Quebec residents.
The federal government has expanded access to the Canada Workers benefit through the 2021 budget. The income thresholds have increased, meaning more Canadians will now be eligible for the support and more families will receive the maximum amount.
For example, singles earning up to $22,944 will now receive the full CWB benefit instead of the current threshold of $13,064. The limit for families also changed to $26,177 from $17,348.
This section will be updated as more information are made available.
Canada Workers Benefit Increase 2022
Like many other tax credits and benefits provided by the Canadian government, Canada workers benefit is indexed against inflation.
For 2022, there was a slight increase in the CWB rates to reflect the indexation. Individuals can now receive up to $1,395 in most provinces, an extra $14 from the $1,381 maximum they can get for the 2021 tax year.
The maximum amounts for families also increased by $24 from $2,379 in 2021 to $2,403 for the 2022 tax year.
CWB Change in Circumstances
You’re expected to inform CRA of any change in your situation that may affect your CWB payments. These include:
- a change in marital status – divorced or separated
- change in address or province
- you are no longer a resident of Canada
- change in banking information for those enrolled for direct deposit
- your family net income changed materially
- A recipient or one of the eligible dependents become deceased
You should call CRA 1-800-959-8281 if any of the situations above applies to you. If required, you’ll have to complete the appropriate forms. For example, Form RC325, Address change request or Form RC65, Marital Status Change.
If you’re separated from your spouse or common-law partner, you should wait for a minimum of 90 consecutives days before informing CRA.
About Working Income Tax Benefit (WITB)
The Working Income Tax Benefit (WITB) was a federal refundable tax credit for low-income earners. The credit was available from 2007 to 2017 before it was replaced in 2019 by Canada Workers Benefit (CWB).
Many of its eligibility criteria were retained in the new CWB program. For example, a minimum income of $3,000 was required for individuals in all provinces except for Alberta, Quebec and Nunavut.
However, CWB introduced several enhancements, and the application process was more streamlined with less paperwork.
Eligible Canadians can receive more with under CWB than they could with WITB.
The clawback rate also changed. With Working income tax benefit, the credit is clawed back by 15% after your net family income exceeds the income threshold in most provinces.
The rate is now 12% under CWB for most provinces, meaning you get to keep more.
Some FAQs: CWB Payment Dates
The advancement payments under Canada workers benefit is paid quarterly, usually on the 5th day of January, April, July and October. For 2022, the payment dates are January 5, April 5, July 5 and October 5.
In most provinces and territories, an eligible individual can receive up to a maximum of $1,395 as basic amount and up to $720 as the disability supplement. The credit for families goes up to $2,403 for the basic amount.
You’re eligible for CWB if you’re a Canadian resident for tax purposes, aged 19 years and above or earn at least $3,000 in employment income in most provinces.
CWB was introduced in 2019 as a replacement to WITB. Though the eligibility criteria are similar, the CWB contains several enhancements and eligible applicants can receive higher tax credit than they could with WITB.
Hope you found this post on the Canada Workers benefit payment dates useful. The CWB is just one of several government benefits you may qualify for as a low-income earner.
If you have kids, you’ll also likely receive the maximum CCB amounts and be eligible for the GST credit. Check this post on the Canada Child Benefit Payment dates for more information.
You can also check for the different benefits you’re eligible for using the CRA Child and family benefits calculator on their website.
Related: GST Payment Dates & Benefit | <urn:uuid:c2cb9704-3d1b-44a2-b973-e773a5a8b2f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://walletbliss.com/canada-workers-benefits-cwb-payment-dates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944466 | 3,409 | 1.546875 | 2 |
All entries for Monday 05 December 2011
December 05, 2011
So far we’ve explored some of the online services on offer to researchers, which can help make collaboration easier, more productive and enjoyable, and hopefully you are now feeling a little bit more confident and open to collaborating. The best way to start is by engaging with a well-established collaborative team, on a project that most of us use everyday (even if we pretend not to): Wikipedia. This is surprisingly easy to do, even if you are not a technological wiz kid. Although Wikipedia started as an encyclopaedia written by “experts”, academics are not all contributing and it could be a valuable arena with which to engage and disseminate research. If your article is linked from Wikipedia, more people will read your work and your repository statistics will improve— and because Wikipedia is not a specialist academic encyclopedia, your research will have reach and impact beyond the academic community.
Researchers at Warwick are referenced on Wikipedia, for example the work of Prof. Jacqueline Labbe (English; Chair of the Board of Graduate Studies) on eighteenth-century writer Charlotte Smith is extensively referenced, and includes several talking-head videos of her discussing the life of Charlotte Smith, which can also be found on Youtube. Click on the link in Further Information (below) for examples of Warwick (WRAP) papers referenced in Wikipedia.
For the final Thing in “Collaborative Working” we are asking you to join the Wikipedia community and edit a page of your choosing (no matter how small your contribution is). You can start by simply engaging with your research field, or a field of interest. Perhaps you have recently read something of interest that is not referenced on a Wikipedia page. Simply click on the “edit” tab at the top of the page (not all pages are editable, but most are). This will bring up a text box with the editable text, to which you can then add. Help with formatting is readily available. Just follow these step-by-step instructions to get started.
Congratulations! You are now a collaborator!
- Guardian article on scholarly use of Wikipedia
- Examples of Warwick (WRAP) papers referenced in Wikipedia
- Prof. Jacqueline Labbe’s talking-head videos on Charlotte Smith (referenced on Wikipedia)
Collaboration requires a lot of on-the-go technology—phone, laptop, iPad, office computer—which in turn can create a great deal of confusion when it comes to tracking down the documents you save on each. Where did you save that file? Video? Photo attachment? If it is on your home computer and you are working at university, and that piece of information suddenly becomes crucial, it not only stalls the entire operation, but can also make you seem unorganised and unprofessional. Unless you are superhuman, and have an immense photographic memory (which I definitely don’t) you are going to need all the help you can get to keep track of the documents you pass between yourselves, keep them up to date, and be able to put your hands on them whenever required.
Why should you use Dropbox:
Dropbox is one such service that keeps track of your documents, files, photos and videos, using cloud storage to synchronize files across the internet so that they can be shared amongst users, between computers, and any mobile device that can access the internet. Importantly, Dropbox actively encourages users to share files with others by setting you up with a “Public Folder” when you register for an account. It is the only folder on Dropbox that automatically creates a public “link” to every file you put into it. Sharing the file is then straightforward. Simply click on the public folder, and right click on the file you want to share. Navigate to the Dropbox menu and click “Copy Public Link”. You can then save the link to your clipboard and paste it into any web browser you want (such as Twitter, for example). If you want to share a file with a limited number of individuals, you do not need to use the public folder. Simply create a subfolder of the files you want to share, right click it, navigate to “Options” and click “Share this folder”, you can then add the email addresses of your collaborators to the text field.
For Thing 19, we are asking you to share a document using Dropbox. Use these step-by-step instructions to get started.
- Making use of Dropbox (covers all the ins and outs of Dropbox)
- Dropbox instructions (NB: these will be useful if you are using a computer that is not on campus: you will probably be unable to install Dropbox software onto your computer if it is networked on campus.)
Most people who have worked on a collaborative project will tell you the same thing: working with others is not easy. The logistics of circulating a document amongst a team, let alone agreeing edits and /or revisions, can be a mammoth task. There can be endless emails, meetings and a muddle of attachments with “track changes”, or a jumble of saved files with various different names, and no way of knowing which is the most up-to-date. Things can quickly descend into confusion and tempers can flare. Collaboration is not just about producing a good conference paper or publication; the connections we make on these journeys are just as important, and can last our entire careers, helping to facilitate other projects and allowing us to make further connections. It is therefore vital that we conduct ourselves professionally and make the process as smooth as possible, which will not only improve the quality of the work we produce, but will impress the people we work with—potentially leading to other, progressively bigger projects.
GoogleDocs offers researchers one of the most convenient ways to collaborate on a document, without the back and forth of emails. Once you’ve created a document, simply click the blue “share” tab at the top of the page. In the Sharing Settings pane click “change” and select “Anyone with the link”, and then save. This will allow you to add the email addresses of those you would like to share the document with. Once your colleague receives the file, they simply have to click on the link to open the file and start editing. You can then edit the file together in real time, and GoogleDocs will track the revisions you both make, saving them automatically.
How to collaborate using GoogleDocs:
For Thing 18 we are asking you to create and share a document with GoogleDocs. To get started use the step-by-step instructions provided by Google:
The author for this week's theme is Francesca Scott. Francesca is a doctoral researcher in the department of English and Comparative Literature. Her research focuses on the history of midwifery, female sexuality and female health in the eighteenth century. She will be supporting your progress this week through your blogs. Or you can contact Francesca through her Research Match profile.
“Collaborate” is a tag often thrown around academia, and not everyone understands its significance. It can be inherent in what we do— say if, for example, we work in a lab or as part of a larger research project that requires collaboration in order to meet its goal. But to other researchers, its use may not be so obvious. We may have to be prompted to consider it as something worth our time and effort, especially when it seems easier to work in isolation. In actual fact, it is likely that we are all “collaborating” in one way or another, whether we realise it or not. By responding to a critic in our thesis, or by engaging with a reading group, network, class—all this is collaboration.
As researchers from the Science Policy and Research Unit from the University of Sussex have outlined, the international research community could be considered as one big collaboration in the sense that every research activity we undertake is contributing to a larger global activity, advancing the field we work in— whether that be biological sciences, statistics, applied linguistics, or eighteenth century literature.
The “Collaborative Working” tutorial will therefore explore a variety of online tools that can help facilitate collaborative work, and help us appreciate this important aspect of academia. GoogleDocs can help us collaborate on a document together in real time, avoiding sending attachments back and forth, while Dropbox allows us to store and share files with others using file synchronization, avoiding the problems that can arise when using a variety of technology. Once we feel confident with these technologies, we can then attempt to do some “real life” collaboration by updating the content on Wikipedia, thus prompting us to fully engage with this idea of “global collaboration”.
Each of these three things will also allow us to consider the connections we make with other researchers more fully, to be aware of the ways in which we collaborate, while helping us to forge new connections and to collaborate in different, and perhaps even unexpected, ways. | <urn:uuid:b731c728-0a12-4c47-886b-c781674a8399> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.warwick.ac.uk/rex23phd11/daily/051211/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923952 | 1,875 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The IRS kindly reminded us that an estimated billion dollars in unclaimed refunds will expire April 18, 2011. The deadline for receiving a refund on your tax return is 3 years from the date due. The return for tax year 2007 was due April 15, 2008 and no claims for a refund will be accepted after April 18, 2011. (Though the tax return is still legally due!)“The IRS estimates that half of these potential 2007 refunds are $640 or more from taxes withheld or estimated payments made during 2007.”
Many taxpayers who have not filed past returns no longer have all the records needed. The first step is to get a transcript of what information the IRS has on file for that tax year. Try the online procedure as long as you don’t need the transcript mailed to a different address than what the IRS has on file. You must file a paper Form 4506-T instead. Then get started on your 2007 tax return. | <urn:uuid:9079f1b8-1d86-4b0c-a542-6ad90a146461> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wendylitten.com/blog/?p=33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.962373 | 192 | 1.617188 | 2 |
"Come and See": A Web Commentary on the Gospel of John: Section 2.1
Section 2.1 Witness and Call: John the Baptist (Jn 1.19-34)
John the Baptist's testimonies actually take place over three successive days in this Gospel, two of which are covered in this section. The arrangement of the Gospel is not necessarily chronological, although it has been argued that the chronology of the Fourth Gospel was designed to dovetail with the chronology of Mark, in such way that John supplemented Mark (see Bauckham 1998 pp 154-6). But the seven signs were apparently chosen for their persuasive value, and the discourses may be arranged in such a way as to illuminate the signs rather than in a chronological sequence. So when we do have, as here, evidence of a chronological sequence, we should treat it with due seriousness.
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COMMENTS ON SPECIFIC VERSES
One of the greatest problems in dealing with this Gospel is how to understand the Evangelist's usage of the phrase 'ho Ioudaios', which occurs first here. It is a complicated situation, and the translation of the 68 occurrences of this word is itself complex. Please see the full discussion elsewhere. Suffice it to say that analysis shows the word is used in a total of three senses and two subsenses in this gospel. I have translated it as 1) Judaean, 1a) Jerusalemite, 2) Jew, 2a) Jewish, and 3) "the authorities" (always plural in this sense), according to the context.
On the broader question of 'hoi Ioudaioi' and its translation in antiquity, also see now the essays in Law and Halton 2014.
Who are these three figures about whom speculation apparently existed relating to John the Baptist? 'Messiah' or 'the Anointed' is the Aramaic title for which 'Christos', 'Christ', is the Greek translation. The Messiah then is the successor to the anointed king, and thus the heir to David and David's line, and to God's promises about David and his descendents. (The Dead Sea Scrolls community actually expected two Messiahs, one priestly and one laic, called the Messiah of Aaron and the Messiah of Israel (according to their Community Rule, 1QS 9.11).) Opinion was divided on the question of the Messiah's physical descent from David, and there was also a belief in some circles that, whoever the Messiah was and where ever and when ever he was born, he would be hidden from view until his glorious revelation. We will see this idea of a 'hidden Messiah' later in the Fourth Gospel. The very fact that Jesus and others claimed to be the Messiah, and the fact that it was considered important to find out whether John the Baptist did so, suggests that there was a popular expectation about the Messiah in the first century CE.
When John denies that he is the Messiah, his questioners then ask whether he is Elijah. Elijah's ascension to heaven in a whirlwind, described in 2 Kings 1.9-12, left ample field for speculation about his ultimate reappearance on earth. In Malachi 3.1 and 4.5 he is apparently given a key role in the preparation for the Day of the Lord. It is easy to see from descriptions of John's preaching and his appearance why anyone might ask whether he saw himself as Elijah. It should be noted that, although John himself denied that he was Elijah, Jesus explicitly identifies him with that role in the Synoptic Gospels (eg, Matthew 11.14, 17.11-13).
The last figure about whom John is asked is 'the prophet' -- likely this refers to the Prophet like Moses promised in Deuteronomy 18.15-19: 'The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your own people; you shall heed such a prophet. This is what you requested of the Lord your God at Horeb on the day of the assembly when you said: "If I hear the voice of the Lord my God any more, or ever again see this great fire, I will die." Then the Lord replied to me: "They are right in what they have said. I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their own people; I will put my words in the mouth of the prophet, who shall speak to them everything that I command. Anyone who does not heed the words that the prophet shall speak in my name, I myself will hold accountable."'
John of course denies all these roles in favour of one chosen from Isaiah 40.3, to be the one who makes straight the Lord's roads, and he claims to the Pharisees that his justification for baptism lies in his role as forerunner to one greater than himself, who will (it is implied) baptise with something more than water. We readers know that the one greater who is coming after John is Jesus, because we have heard the prologue linking John, Jesus, and the incarnate Word. But the inquirers do not know: this is perhaps an ironic use of the idea of the hidden Messiah.
See Brown 1966 pp 46-50, and Robinson 1958 for fuller discussions of these figures. An interesting 'twist' on these three is also provided in Bauckham 2007 pp 207-38, a chapter in which the author argues (among other points) that the figure of Elijah as the prophet that returns in the last days may in fact represent a priestly rather than a prophetic figure, because of the way that Elijah was conflated with Phinehas the high priest (Aaron's grandson) in the Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan, an Aramaic translation/paraphrase of the Hebrew Bible (pp 210-11). He also argues there that at times the Evangelist represents characters in the narrative as holding a popular rather than a learned view of the 'prophet like Moses', that makes him (and hence perhaps Jesus) a wonder-working popular leader, almost a king-like figure (see pp 213-25).
This quotation is from Is 40.3. However here and in other NT quotations of and allusions to this verse the evangelists rely on the LXX translation. In the Hebrew text of Isaiah, it is the way of the Lord that is located in the wilderness. But in the Greek translation the phrase 'in the wilderness' describes the location of the voice instead, thus making it more apppropriately applicable to John the Baptist.
identification of the location where this conversation recounted in
vv19-27 took place (and presumably also the rest of chapter 1 and
even Jesus' baptism) as
We can now identify this place with a high degree of confidence. Archaeologists working in the area north of the Dead Sea on the east side of the Jordan near the Hajlah ford and the Wadi El-Kharrar historically associated with John the Baptist have uncovered a large site comprising churches, a monastery and laura (a group of hermits' cells), and baptismal pools (see Waheeb 2012). The site is also Elijah's Hill, a figure connected with John the Baptist in all four canonical gospels. The results of the digging support baptismal activity at the site as early as the 3rd or 4th century CE and continuing into the Byzantine period; the Synoptic Gospels offer a connection between the area and John the Baptist beginning in the mid to late 1st century CE; and Christian writers beginning with Origen show an unbroken chain of tradition from the early 3rd century.
However when discussing this verse (Jn 1.28) in his commentary the Alexandrian theologian Origen1 wrote:
should we make of this? Modern scholars have roundly rejected
Origen's suggested reading of
The main modern theories are summarised by Reisner 1987 (as well as by Parker 1955 and Waheeb 2012). We can discount those that try to explain away the problem by adopting an interpretation of the Greek text of Jn 1.28 that is grammatically improbable in order to claim the Evangelist only meant to refer to one place called Bethany. The excavations described by Professor Waheeb rule out the theories that locate Bethany across the Jordan and the site of John the Baptist's activity much farther to the north, across the Jordan from Galilee.
It appears that the only course open to us is to acknowledge that in the time of Christ there was a place - a village, a ford, a spring - in the Wadi El-Kharrar area known as Bethany and also in the early third century such a place, whether the same or another nearby we do not know, known as Bethabara, both of which were connected with John the Baptist. However the names of these sites have been lost and the exact locations indicated by them are probably not recoverable. For more detailed discussions, see Parker 1955, Brown 1966 pp 44-5, Laney 1979, Riesner 1987, and Waheeb 2012. See the comments on Jn 3.23 for a more northerly site on the opposite (that is, the western) bank of the Jordan also associated with John the Baptist's baptising.
There are two important questions to ask about this verse, and indeed the whole testimony attributed to John the Baptist in vv 29-34. First, to whom is John the Baptist speaking here? Who hears this testimony? Second (and more importantly), what is he getting at by comparing Jesus to a lamb? What does the symbol of the lamb of God mean? It's so familiar to us from liturgy and hymns that it can be hard to step back and see what John the Baptist was trying to get across.
First, the Baptist is likely speaking here to a group of his own followers. He makes allusion to an earlier testimony in v30, the testimony that we readers also heard about in the Prologue: 'A man comes after me who was ahead of me, because he was in existence before me.' This would make no sense to the inquirers sent out from Jerusalem that were questioning John on the previous day, in vv19-28. Likewise John's reminiscence about the baptism of Jesus, and what he testifies in vv32-4 would only make sense if addressed to those who had been there. So it makes sense to suppose that these testimonies were made to John's disciples, about whom we will hear explicitly in the next section.
The second question is more difficult to answer. There are many possibilities for the image of a lamb. Given the importance of Passover symbolism in the Fourth Gospel, the Paschal Lamb springs to mind. That lamb did not take sin away, but since its blood smeared on the doorposts protected the Israelites from the Angel of Death at the time of the first Passover and since in Jesus' time the paschal lambs were killed by priests, it is not too great a stretch to see both something sacrificial and something salvific in the figure of the paschal lamb. Another possibility is that John the Baptist had in mind not an actual lamb but a symbolic one, the lamb to which the Servant is compared in Isaiah 53.7: 'He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth.' The Servant in Isaiah 52.13-53.12 can certainly be said to take away sin.
Other OT antecedents have also been suggested, such as the lamb offered twice daily as part of the Temple's rites of sacrifice (see Exodus 29.38-46), which may well figure in to the imagery of John's proclamation. Another possibility offered by some scholars is the figure of an apocalyptic lamb from the Book of Enoch which has similarities with the conquering lamb figure in the Book of Revelation. But the roots of the Lamb of God imagery seem most likely to come from the Paschal Lamb, the Isaian lamb, or some synthesis of the two.
Another and deeper question however is whether the evangelist is here putting his own ideas about Jesus as the Lamb of God into the mouth of John the Baptist, instead of following the usual practice of writers in antiquity, to represent the ideas or meaning of historical subjects even when they use their own words rather than the words of their subject. On the face of it, the idea of Jesus as the Lamb of God that takes away the sin of the world seems at odds with the picture John the Baptist offers in Matthew and Luke of the one that comes after him, baptising with the Holy Spirit and with fire, standing with his winnowing fork in his hand to gather the wheat into the granary while burning the chaff with unquenchable fire (Matthew 3.1-12, Luke 3.15-17). (In Mark and in the Fourth Gospel we hear of the more powerful one that is coming, who will not baptise with water but with the Holy Spirit (Mark 1.7-8, John 1.26-7, 33), but not the more lurid aspects of John the Baptist's preaching.)
One thing that should be kept in mind, however, is that those snippets from Matthew and Luke represent John's preaching to the crowds that came out to see him. It was intended to move them through their reactions of guilt and fear to repentance and a change of life. He emphasised purification and judgment in Jesus' coming ministry, both of which ideas are certainly taken up by Jesus in his teaching and parables. But here in the conversations reported in the Fourth Gospel John is speaking with his disciples: is it not possible that he revealed in such a context a deeper understanding of the one that was to come? It does not seem an undue stretch to say that by speaking of the Lamb of God, John the Baptist is looking beyond both repentance and judgment to discern mercy in the forgiveness of sin.
See Brown 1966 pp 58-63 and Carey 1981 for discussions of these issues from two different points of view. And see Bauckham 2007 pp 274-6 for the view that numerical composition is involved. According to this theory of composition the fact that numerical value of the letters in the name 'Jesus' and the phrase 'lamb of God' in Hebrew both add up to 391 suggest that John the Baptist's identification of Jesus as the Lamb of God is partly based on a numerological style of exegesis called 'gematria'. Not every reader would have been well-enough acquainted with this kind of rabbinic exegesis to 'get it', but the appreciation of those readers that did would have been enriched (see pp 283-4).
Most of the MSS witnesses read 'the Son of God' here, as may be seen in the NRSV and NA28. Only a minority read 'the Chosen One of God'. Nevertheless I have chosen to adopt the minority text in this translation. First, it seems more likely that an unusual reading like 'Chosen One of God' would be changed in the course of copying to a familiar expression like 'Son of God' than that the familiar expression would be changed to the unusual one. Second, the witnesses, though fewer, are early, including some early versions, and good, and show geographical diversity. They may also include two early papyri, though Quek 2009 and NA28 are in disagreement here. Third we see in this chapter a series of affirmations of Jesus' special role and mission, culminating in Nathaniel's confession in v.49, 'you are the Son of God, you are the king of Israel' -- this confession would more force if the affirmation that Jesus is Son of God has not already occurred in v.34. So for these and other reasons, it seems preferable to prefer this reading for the translation. See Brown 1966 p 57 and Quek 2009 for further details.
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1 Origen (185/6-254/5) was a Christian scholar, philosopher, and exegete. He principally taught in Alexandria, in Egypt, but also spent significant periods of time in Caesarea Maritima on the coast of Roman Palestine, about 113 km NW of Jerusalem. For more information, see the articles in the Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
In the PG edition, Origen's preferred placename is
3 Heracleon (fl c175) was a Gnostic philosopher and exegete whose commentary on John's Gospel Origen frequently refers to and often disagreed with. Heracleon's commentary on John is the earliest one we know of.
4 Aproximately 2.8 km
5 Aproximately 33.3 km
6 Literally Bethabaras are shown; I cannot imagine a plausible explanation for this plural, though it has been suggested that it indicates several fords over the river in the same area (Riesner 1987 38). | <urn:uuid:779aaa34-fe29-4ba9-bb33-c24719d204f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://wrestlingwiththebible.ca/GJohnSec2.1c.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967185 | 3,531 | 2.203125 | 2 |
This tutorial shows you exactly how to make gorgeous fabric hexagons with very little sewing. In fact, you could glue the completed hexagon together and do no sewing at all! I have made them in various sizes and used them for a couple of different uses. They could be used as a brooch or to decorate just about anything. How about a cushion cover made from them?
This page contains affiliate links meaning I earn a commission if you use those links at no cost to you. I only recommend brands I use and trust.
You Will Need:
Fabric of your choice (fat quarters are ideal)
A circular template (I used kitchen plates)
Needle and thread or fabric glue
If you like watching craft tutorials then scroll down to the bottom of the written instructions to see a video tutorial.
Step 1: Cut out circles
Place your template onto the fabric. Mark the circle. I use an air-erasing fabric marker. Cut out your circle. The following list shows you the diameter of the circle I used and the size of hexagon it produced (all sizes approximate).
Circle Diameter Hexagon Side Length
26cm (10″) 7cm (3″)
22cm (8.5″) 6.5cm (2.5″)
17.5cm (7″) 5cm (2″)
11cm (4.25″) 3cm (1.25″)
The pictures in this tutorial are for the largest hexagon.
Step 2: Find centre of circle
Find the centre of your circle. You do this by folding it in half and pressing it.
Then fold it in half again (quarter of a circle) and press it again.
The centre is where the two fold meet and should be clear. If it is not, re-fold the circle and press it again.
Step 3: First Fold
Fold the bottom edge of the circle up to the centre of the circle and press it firmly in place.
Step 4: Second Fold
You can now work clockwise or anti-clockwise. I worked in a clockwise direction. Take the point that you have made and fold it up to the centre of the circle. Press it in place firmly.
Step 5: Complete folds
Continuing to work in a clockwise direction, take the new point and fold it to the centre of the circle.
Repeat this process all the way around the circle.
Now you have a hexagon made from fabric. You can glue it in place or sew it in place.
Step 6: Fix in place & create
Let the creative juices flow and decide what to do with your hexagon(s). I think that a button in the centre just finishes them off and, of course, it hides my sewing. I made a selection of hexagons from various fabrics in various sizes and then assembled them into my projects.
I made a brooch and decorated a simple cotton shopping bag. You can do whatever you can think of and I would be interested to hear how you use your fabric hexagons. Let me know via the comments section below.
You may also like some of my other tutorials:
So, remember to pin this tutorial on Pinterest for later! | <urn:uuid:393251a8-b8fa-49c7-9551-957bb35db12d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://christines-crafts.com/fabric-hexagons/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.921327 | 679 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Prof John Oliffe
Professor, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Canada
John Oliffe PhD is Professor at the School of Nursing at University of British Columbia. He specialises in men's health issues, including prostate cancer, smoking.
Professor Oliffe spoke at the Gender Summit 3 North America 2013 (GS3NA) about the need to give greater consideration in the discussion of gender issues in health to men’s health issues worldwide and the important implications for policy and practice. Among which, the prostate cancer and gender-differences in smoking have implications for improving family health. Another important area of concern is men and depression. | <urn:uuid:f5b4930d-08d8-4bee-be2d-720a1c44e4b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gender-summit.com/gs3-speakers/525-oliffe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93548 | 135 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Water heater repairs can be costly and frustrating. This article will discuss how to make sure your pilot light is lit in the event your heater cuts out.
First thing to do is to conduct a visual inspection of the tank for any obvious signs of a leak. You also can check the status light. Remove the panel that covers the burner door and sight glass, and check through the sight glass to see if the pilot is lit. From here you can conduct a thermopile test and see if the thermopile needs to be replaced.
If it’s a pilot light issue, you need to check other gas sources first, like a stove, to make sure that gas is only being cut off to the water heater pilot light. Check to make sure the gas valve to the appliance is on. Then spark the ignitor and light the pilot, holding down the gas control knob to ensure the pilot stays lit.
Remember when checking the status light that one blinks every three seconds is normal operation, 2 flashes is a weak thermal pile voltage, and any more than 3 flashes means there’s an issue with the gas control valve. This will need to be replaced.
Hopefully, these tips can get you started in the right direction. For more information, click on the link to the video above. | <urn:uuid:5e930020-adb4-43d5-8ebb-feb0a6166a34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeimprovementvideos.org/fixing-your-water-heater/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.923928 | 267 | 1.953125 | 2 |
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OpenAI introduced Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) in 2020. It is an autoregressive language model that uses deep machine learning and NLP language models to generate text. This innovation has found a variety of use cases, especially in the NLP domain, such as copywriting, language translation, digital ad copies, chatbots etc. We list some of the commercial products that are built on GPT-3.
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Algolia is a search engine. When the OpenAI API launched, Algolia teamed up with the AI research lab to integrate GPT-3 with their advanced search technology to create their new ‘Answers’ product with better capabilities to understand the customers’ questions and provide answers to their questions. It also allows users to retrieve files, contacts, events or any object within the product through its APIs.
After running tests of GPT-3 on 2.1 million news articles, Algolia saw 91 percent precision, and it was able to accurately answer complex natural language questions, four times more often than BERT.
Copysmith is an AI-powered content creation software. With Copysmith, the company wants to help people increase creativity and productivity. However, the company clarifies that the idea is not to replace human copywriters and writers.
“Using our unique combination of proprietary machine learning and OpenAI’s GPT-3 technology, we can provide you with the finest raw materials you need to smith your message,” says the company.
Copy.ai is a similar platform built on GPT-3. One can use it to write optimised blog posts in less time and produce digital ad copies on platforms like Google, Facebook, and Linkedin. It can also be used to create a website, sales copy and social media content.
The user has to upload their copywriting project (one can choose from emails, social posts, long-form blog posts) and then enter a few sentences about their brand and products. The AI content generator gives the user multiple options for each campaign.Then Copy.ai’s editor can alsorewrite paragraphs. In the last step user would just have to copy and paste the output into CMS for publishing.
Replier.ai uses GPT-3 to respond to customer reviews. The system automatically creates GPT-3 configurations for each individual business and business category. Replier.ai will automatically pick up the previous review responses and use those to create new ones. This is critical because that will allow the AI to always provide unique and custom responses that follow your unique business style and tone.
It applies some pre-formatting of the input review that needs to be replied to, we run GPT-3, and then we clean the output – because GPT-3 is not always accurate. We built a pretty advanced AI monitoring system to understand what GPT-3 is generating for our customers, so we continue to improve and detect bad behaviours and add proper fixes.
This platform allows the user to enter the desired URL and create a few variations of the title, copy and call to action. The company says that its AI can recognise the title, copy and CTA and automatically suggest variations.
Jasper.ai is an AI writing assistant based on GPT-3. One can create original content with a high SEO ranking and content which is keyword-rich and plagiarism free.
One can write and test more copy variations to increase sales and improve the return on ad spend. It helps to write in over 25 languages. Customers can scale up content marketing very fast and repurpose existing content to generate new results.
Quickchat is a multilingual conversational AI assistant powered by GPT-3. Quickchat chat bots can recognise and speak the user’s native language. They can automate customer support, online applications, searching through internal knowledge base etc.
Users/businesses can also automate live chat conversations with the Quickchat AI widget. They can build AI Assistants for their clients or integrate them with proprietary software products.
To be able to answer customer questions, chat bot needs access to information about the products. One can just upload FAQ’s, product descriptions, internal documentation and Quickchat takes care of the rest. One can also connect Quickchat to the internal API, database or any other data structure to automate more complex processes using AI. | <urn:uuid:9d2dffe7-60a3-4fd9-8880-dbe5a7fb9d79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://analyticsindiamag.com/commercial-applications-of-gpt-3-that-are-already-live/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.908877 | 1,055 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Belgian King Leopold II committed atrocities against the native population in Congo ? his personal colony.
Mutilated children (Image:allthatsinteresting.com)
Did you know?
- The colony of Congo was 76 times larger than Belgium
- Leopold II left a vast amount of wealth to his 40 years younger mistress
- Leopold II built commissioned a lot of buildings and urban projects. Most of them were paid with brutal exploitation of Congo
- Capital of Belgium, Brussels, is the seat of European Union
Who was Leopold II?
Leopold II (Image: Wikimedia Commons)
Today he is remembered as a Builder King due to numerous beautiful buildings in Brussels and around Belgium he commissioned and paid for. Amongst the most grandiose buildings are Cinquantenaire in Brussels, Avenue Louise in Brussels, and Royal Greenhouses of Laeken. However, what tends to be forgotten is his bloody role in the Belgian colonization of Congo.
Cinquantenaire in Brussels was built by Leopold II (Image:Stephane Mignon/Flickr)
How Leopold II got to his own colony ? Congo Free State?
Leopold II always thought big. He believed Belgium should own a colony. First, he tried to obtain the Philippines as a colony from Spain. He failed due to a lack of funds and abdication of Queen of Spain, Isabella II.
In 1876 Leopold II established the International African Association which would serve as a front organization, perpetuating humanitarian and altruistic projects, but in reality, it was just a cover used by Belgium king to colonize a large part of Central Africa.
I undertook the work of the Congo in the interest of civilization and for the good of Belgium ? Leopold II of Belgium
Leopold II used explorer Henry Morton Stanley to lay claim on the area of the modern-day Democratic Republic of Congo. He would name the area Congo Free State. At Berlin conference in 1884?85 European nations and the United States, believing Leopold II dedicated life to improving living conditions in Congo, approved his claim on the territory.
Belgian government lent money for Leopold?s activities in Congo. Consequently, Leopold personally owned a colony.
What happened next was a far cry from official stories of altruism and humanitarian efforts Leopold?s propaganda was spreading across Europe.
Belgian Congo (Image: Encyclopedia Britannica)
The bloody story of the colonization of Congo
In order to repay a debt to the Belgian government and gain personal wealth, the administration of Congo aimed towards extracting as much money as possible from the colony.
Leopold II established a system of organized brutality, characterized by murder, torture, and raping. Approximately 10 million Congolese people died.
Leopold II established his own private army of mercenaries? Force Publique. He used his army to coerce natives of Congo into forced labor. Armed with modern weapons army of mercenaries routinely tortured hostages, slaughtered entire families, and raped Congolese people.
In the beginning, the main source of income was ivory. But when demand for rubber increased, Leopold turned his attention to the collection of sap from rubber plants.
Natural rubber is collected by tapping the bark with a small hatchet. The position and depth of cuts is vital, done wrongly it can stop growth or even kill a tree. Tree drips latex for about four hours, stopping as latex coagulates naturally. Tappers usually start working in the morning and collect the liquid at midday.
However, in Congo, we can find species of liana plants (Landolphia owariensis) which also produces rubber. These lianas were found in the jungle.
Usually, lianas would be tapped and rubber collected in containers bellow. However, it was reported workers would slash at lianas and lather their bodies with rubber. When latex hardened it was peeled of worker?s skin. The method was very painful since it took off also worker?s hair.
Collection of natural rubber (Image: Wikimedia Commons)
Natives were severely punished if they didn?t meet production quotas. A common approach was to mutilate children in case their parents didn?t collect enough rubber.
Soldiers often came back from raids with baskets full of chopped-off hands. Villages that resisted were destroyed entirely. Since men were forced to collect rubber, there was no one to work on farms. Additionally, soldiers would steal food and farm animals. Consequently, a huge number of people died from famine.
Leopold II sanctioned the collection of child colonies. Congolese children were kidnapped and sent to schools to learn how to work or be soldiers. Most of them died of disease and forced marches.
In fact, when the Belgian government learned about atrocities, they forced Leopold II to cede control of Congo in 1908. The government paid more than 200 million francs to obtain control of the colony. 50 million francs went directly in Leopold?s pocket.
Father looks at the hand and foot of his five-year-old daughter. They were cut off because he didn?t meet production quota for rubber (Image: Wikimedia Commons)Victim of atrocities with missionary (Image: Wikimedia Commons)
Definitely Belgium is not the only country with bloody past, but what is interesting is how often this past tends to be forgotten. Walking among beautiful buildings of Belgium capital of Brussels, knowing those buildings were financed by the blood of Congolese people, will never be the same experience again.
We can?t change the past, yet this doesn?t mean we should forget the past. | <urn:uuid:804ac65e-58cf-488a-a64e-62acbe62b907> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://911weknow.com/leopold-ii-and-the-hidden-holocaust | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968155 | 1,176 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Your plant's energy efficiency and environmental responsibility hinge on how well that it utilizes natural resources like gas and oil. To ensure that you protect both the environment and your operating budget, you need to have equipment like the burners checked regularly.
Instead of checking this equipment on your own, you can hire contractors who specialize in inspecting and improving on it. Professional burner service technicians can perform several vital tasks to improve or maintain your plant's high standard of operations.
There are various components of your hydraulic system, and it's important for all of those parts and components to work as they are supposed to. Otherwise, you might have issues with your hydraulic system, and you might even find that further damage will be caused. It can sometimes be difficult to determine which parts are the cause of the problem, but you might want to check your hydraulic piston rings first.
For a warehousing operation, the loading doors can be one of the most used components in the building. As a result of the intense wear that these doors will experience and their importance, you are likely to need to replace these devices at some point. As a result, it can be vital to be prepared for all of the factors that will have to be reviewed when choosing new warehouse doors. | <urn:uuid:22388ca1-d3e0-4264-b639-7f68671bcc11> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://cognitdesign.com/year/2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.95993 | 250 | 1.75 | 2 |
You are here:Home1/Hazardous Attitudes Lead to Diving Incident
Hazardous Attitudes Lead to Diving Incident
By Jason Blair
“Man, what a story I have for you!” were the first words I heard as I answered my phone when my slip neighbor called. ”The new guy down four slips almost killed his son-in-law diving today!”
I was about to pull into the marina anyway, so I told him I would meet him at our boats and get the whole story. And what a story I got.
As he was walking to his boat the guy four boats down was sitting on the dock overhanging his boat, head in his hands, tears flowing, and telling another friend, “I think I just killed my son-in-law.” The man and his son-in-law had set out earlier in the day for a dive on a tugboat shipwreck. They never imagined that a simple pleasure dive would end up nearly costing one of them their life.
I later had occasion to get the full story from the actual diver.
It was summer, but Lake Michigan is pretty cold most of the year, with bottom temperatures approximately 45 degrees on this particular day (surface temperatures were about 65 degrees) and wreck bottom depth is approximately 135 feet. They were diving using air. The dive was an impromptu adventure in a boat that they had worked to make seaworthy over the previous winter, with hopes of one day setting it up as a dive charter in the area.
Since the dive was planned on short notice, they hadn’t had an opportunity to get someone to go with them, leaving noone on-board the boat when they went down for their dive on the wreck to which they were moored.
While on their way down to the wreck, at approximately 95 feet, the son-in-law experienced a free flowing regulator. The divers began an “emergency ascent” (as they described it) to 20 feet where they were planned to conduct a safety stop. The ascent was conducted in a buddy breathing process using an octopus regulator due to the loss of air in the son-in-law’s tank from the free flowed regulator.
While at the safety stop, the two encountered a very long free-floating pile of copper fishing line (a line that is used regularly by sport fisherman in the Great Lakes that is literally copper wire and can be difficult to cut) floating in the current and became entangled. This was suspended in the water column by a float on the surface and entangled them at the safety stop.
Working to free themselves from the line, the father-in-law had to release his grip of the son-in-law for a period of time to work his cutting tool. By the time he was able to get back to the son-in-law, he was limp and unresponsive, having not been able to reach the father-in-law’s secondary regulator for an unknown period of time.
At this point the father-in-law made the choice to release the weights from the son-in-law’s gear and conduct an emergency surfacing, dragging him to the surface. He then dragged him up the ladder of the boat, began some initial CPR, then called the Coast Guard. All by himself.
The Coast Guard was provided their GPS coordinates, and he went back to conducting CPR. The Coast Guard arrived after a period of time, how long I do not know, but knowing the area, my guess is no less than 15 minutes. They transferred the son-in-law to their patrol boat and continued to provide EMT services on the way to the dock where the patient was transferred to a waiting ambulance. At this time he was exhibiting a slow and faint pulse and the EMTs were administering breathing treatments.
The good news from this story is that the son-in-law survived. By evening, although with no recollection of the event, he was alert, and experiencing a very sore chest from the compressions that were conducted during CPR. He is a very lucky individual.
I work in aviation, and in aviation, we analyze every, and I mean EVERY accident in detail. Even if it isn’t fatal. What we typically find is that an accident or incident is never caused by any one thing, but is the result of numerous causal and contributory factors. Any one thing may not cause the accident, but when multiple things happen, so do accidents. This is true in diving as well, however we usually don’t have the same details and accident analysis for every event in diving. Let’s analyze the details we have for this one.
The gear – Neither diver had equipment that was intended to be used in cold water environments. It is postulated that the gear may have experienced the free flow due to the lack of being designed to be used in cold water environments. It was also later relayed to me that they had never had their gear serviced. Neither diver had backup gear either. Many divers who frequent deeper wrecks in cold water in the Great Lakes (and other places) dive with redundant gear. Having a simple H-valve on the single dive tank and two regulators may have allowed this situation to be resolved without emptying a tank and needing to buddy breath.
Pre-dive planning – Numerous risk factors were ignored in the pre-dive planning here. The gear concerns could have been addressed with some pre-dive planning considerations. Perhaps they could have obtained more appropriate gear or even decided to not go if they knew more about the risk factors. Certainly, it would have been recommended to have another person on the boat while they were diving. We all know leaving a boat unattended opens a diver up to numerous risks including loss of the boat if the mooring becomes undone, but in this case it would also have expedited the response time to the incident if there would have been someone on board to drive the boat and another person to administer CPR as they proceeded toward shore or to meet the Coast Guard boat that had been dispatched.
Unforeseen circumstances – No, it wasn’t the diver’s fault that they encountered free-floating fishing line. Entanglement is a factor that should always be considered, and it was a positive point in this case that the divers had a tool with to cut materials in which they could become entangled. This was an element of the incident that is a part of cascading risk factors. Had the initial problem of the free-flowing regulator not been experienced, they would likely have been executing a less rushed ascent and may have noticed the potential danger instead of becoming entangled. Focusing on one problem can lead to missing warning signs of another one that may result either causally or independently.
Training – To the best of my knowledge, at the time of the incident, neither diver was certified at a level greater than Advanced Open Water. While 135 feet isn’t excessively deep, it is certainly beyond sport limits and recommendations for most if not all dive certification agencies. Ignoring these recommendations without proper training for the depth to which they were going certainly showed a disregard for the training recommendations for cold water, depth, and training considerations. Such training may have been able to influence better decisions about the dives and equipment that could have mitigated the occurrence of this incident.
A general safety mindset – Throughout diving a general safety mindset is what keeps us safe. No dive is without any risk, but risks can be mitigated by eliminating potential causal factors that can turn dangers into critical situations. Diving without someone on the boat, with incorrect equipment for the conditions, and having a general attitude that was not focused on minimizing risk factors led to these divers encountering a situation that could potentially have been avoided.
Five Hazardous Attitudes
Aviation instructors are taught to be aware of Five Hazardous Attitudes. They include Anti-Authority (Don’t tell me), Impulsivity (Do it quickly), Invulnerability (It won’t happen to me), Macho (I can do it) and Resignation (What’s the use?). While in this incident, Resignation wasn’t the issue, in fact, the opposite of giving up is probably what saved the son-in-law’s life as the father-in-law continued CPR on an unresponsive individual. That considered, most of the other attitudes were factors. These divers exhibited anti-authority and macho attitudes enough to think they could do it when others said they shouldn’t (think training recommendations for the depths), were impulsive enough to go do a dive with less crew than ideal because they hastily planned their diving day, and felt invulnerable enough to assume nothing bad would happen to them on this dive.
When my slip neighbor saw our fellow marina mate on the dock with his head in his hands and tears flowing, the father-in-law honestly thought he had gotten his son-in-law killed at that point; it was right after he parked his boat, having watched the Coast Guard transfer the son-in-law to the ambulance and leave for a nearby hospital. The hours between that and when he got a positive report from his daughter had to be torture.
But was anything learned? Well, I hope that me sharing this story with the readers of Dive Training helps others learn. These two did not learn. In fact, less than a month after the incident, and only after a fellow diver had gone and retrieved the son-in-law’s gear that was released and sank to the bottom, the two divers used the same equipment, with no servicing, to go diving again on the same wreck. Anti-authority, Macho, and Invulnerability again showing their hazardous attitudes that could easily lead to future incidents.
Jason Blair is an FAA Pilot Examiner who writes in the aviation industry but is also an active certified Master and Trimix diver who dives most frequently in the Great Lakes.
https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Shark_Awareness__1280x720.jpg6751200Allison Van Sicklehttps://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/header-web-live.pngAllison Van Sickle2022-07-18 08:54:462022-07-19 09:40:57The Diver’s Role in Shark Awareness
https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Decompression_Myths_Pt_1_1280x720.jpg6751200Allison Van Sicklehttps://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/header-web-live.pngAllison Van Sickle2022-06-20 11:26:312022-07-07 07:35:11Decompression Myths: Part 1
https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Into_the_Earth_1280x720.jpg6751200Allison Van Sicklehttps://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/header-web-live.pngAllison Van Sickle2022-05-05 13:00:172022-05-09 08:27:04Into the Earth: My Journey to Full Cave Diver
https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Drysuit_care_1280x720.jpg6751200Allison Van Sicklehttps://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/header-web-live.pngAllison Van Sickle2022-04-07 16:53:082022-04-28 10:09:14Drysuit Care and Maintenance
https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/staying_connected_1280x720.jpg6751200Allison Van Sicklehttps://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/header-web-live.pngAllison Van Sickle2022-03-04 10:32:292022-04-28 10:06:15Staying Connected – A Beginner’s Guide to Lines in Cave Diving
https://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/TDI-Article-Header.jpg7201280James Councillhttps://www.tdisdi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/header-web-live.pngJames Councill2021-10-20 18:56:362021-10-20 18:56:36New to Tech Diving: Gain Inspiration from Professional Divers’ First-Hand Experiences | <urn:uuid:3885175f-c1ce-43e2-a92a-d28a56796673> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tdisdi.com/tdi-diver-news/hazardous-attitudes/?lang=bg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.972258 | 2,719 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Who would have ever imagined that one day, technology will be a part of human existence? Even up to the point that virtually everything we do in our daily lives have some sort of digital interference. To help you understand this article, I will like to define Digital Transformation. Digital transformation is the change associated with the application of digital technology in all aspects of human society. This transformation means that digital usage enables new types of innovation and creativity, rather than simply enhance traditional methods.
“Today, all businesses are technology companies powered by people; it is simply a question of degree.” These are the words of Robert Willet, the former CEO of Best Buy International (2001 – 2010). Best Buy, a leading American multinational provider of technology products and electronics opened its first mobile phone store in 2006, and they experienced tremendous market and brand growth. In 2007 Best Buy’s revenue grew by over 16%; this was attributed to the 231 new store openings which ultimately increased customer satisfaction.
In 2010, something happened that they did not envisage; there was an increasing trend towards online shopping and this caused Best Buy’s revenue and profits to start going down. Amazon, the e-commerce giant, said it would shut down 50 stores in the U.S. in March 29, 2012 as part of their key initiatives to manage increasing cost of operations. Within the same year, a handful of other major retailers like Walmart, Toys-R-Us had announced plans to shut down stores, leaving a few vacant shops behind. In November 2012, Best Buy put up a strong response to these digital trends; they introduced a transformational strategy called “Renew Blue” which was geared towards cost reduction and enhancement of e-commerce presence. This was very successful and thus led to the new Strategy focus four years later called “Best Buy 2020”. The purpose of the new strategy unveiled on 1st March 2018, is to help customers pursue their passions and enrich their lives with the help of technology.
Over the years, Best Buy has survived several turbulent and competitive business environments with strong leadership and purposeful execution of their digital transformation strategies. Technology by itself does not provide value to a business; however; Best Buy has leveraged technology to do things differently in a bid to achieve improved customer experience.
Using Best Buy as a case study, here are some of the key take-away:
- In our ever changing world, change is the only constant and therefore we must always have a plan on how to navigate through the changes.
- Global digital transformational changes are taking place every day and therefore businesses and individuals need to reappraise their strategies to remain relevant.
- We can also take advantage of the changing digital trends to the benefit of our lives, businesses and kingdom impact. A typical example is social media.
- Refusal to acknowledge or learn more about the changing technology trends will mean that our ability to influence and impact our world for good is watered down.
- Just as organizations review their strategies within cycles, so also individuals should review their personal plans in the light of digital transformation.
- For a business, an effective and rewarding plan last year may not be an effective one for tomorrow given the fact that competitors are also working harder.
- Technology is impacting all facets of our lives such that there is always a better way to achieve improved results. If there isn’t one now, someone is developing one, and who says that can’t be you?
- The successful implementation of digital transformation in organizations comes down to leadership, execution, and open progressive cultures
The variety of communication platforms and ever-changing digital media landscape sometimes makes it important for organizations to move their focus from traditional print media and instead integrate to online and social media channels to stay connected with target consumers. Social Media is therefore one of the very potent ways with which we can communicate our faith and share our testimonies. In order to achieve our purpose of making impact in our world, we need to have our strategies striped with digital ideas and take full advantage of these channels.
Written by Chidi Iwe | <urn:uuid:9893d37f-d933-405a-808d-ad68e9db80e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elevationng.org/digital-transformation-best-buy-as-a-case-study/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961127 | 834 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Federal Government Employment
Learn about building a disability-inclusive federal workforce.
A strong federal workforce is an inclusive federal workforce, one welcoming of the skills and talents of all qualified individuals. Reflecting this, the Federal Government has taken several steps over the years to increase the representation of people with disabilities in its workforce nationwide.
The underlying foundation for these actions is Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibits discrimination against and requires affirmative action in employment of people with disabilities in the federal sector. Since the passage of the Rehabilitation Act, various additional actions have served to strengthen this commitment, including updates to Section 501 and most recently, Executive Order 14035, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) in the Federal Government, which was signed by President Biden on June 25, 2021. | <urn:uuid:71ef4ff6-d268-49ac-a136-9ebd1c6b94dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://askearn.org/page/federal-government-employment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961217 | 166 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Well, been quite a while since Pabuk – and with lull in tropical storms in this region, seemed my notion that may have stormy autumn was to prove completely wrong.
Yet now, storms forming again – and Typhoon Wipha headed towarsd Shanghai, as looks possible there could be tropical storm for S China Sea next week.
La Nina is evidently developing: waters cooler than normal in eastern Pacific, warmer than normal in western Pacific.
WIth such conditions, tend to have tropical storms form west of normal, so more chance for hitting coasts from Vietnam to e China:
An INTERVIEW with Professor Johnny Chan
Here’s page where you can see maps showing recent sea surface temperatures in Pacific, and deviations from the norm.
Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Animation
Tropical storms need sea surface temps of over around 26.5C; west Pacific waters currently to over 30C in places, so plenty warm enough to form storms.
Other factors invmportant too, like wind shear, which can destroy storms. Now, seems some convection in west Pacific: about right for creating storms.
Waters should cool as and when winter monsoons really start blowing; but they’ve been weaker of late, not so chill, so wonder if may form storms later than normal. | <urn:uuid:9b7f62c1-d5e8-48c7-ba80-1df0729db5bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hkoutdoors.com/forums/reply/8098/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.94289 | 274 | 2.671875 | 3 |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Exercise 5.1 Complex number and Quadratic equations in Hindi and English Medium updated for session 2022-2023. Class 11 Maths Exercise 5.1 solutions are given here in PDF and Video format free to download.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Exercise 5.1
Class 11 Maths Exercise 5.1 Solutions in Hindi and English Medium
About Exercise 5.1 of Class 11 Maths
Class 11 Maths Exercise 5.1 includes 14 questions based on fundamental of complex numbers. From the beginning of junior school, you have studied that there are different types of numbers. Out of which few are rational and other are irrational. Here, we will discuss about the square root of a negative number. We know that our known number system is too simple to include all the functions in it. In Exercise 5.1 we will study about the standard form of a complex number.
Standard form of a Complex number in Exercise 5.1
Reading the introduction 5.1 gave us the idea that a complex number is basically an element of a number system where 2 real number and one special character is used to denote an imaginary unit (i). This is expressed as a + ib. If you see the example number 1, you will find the easiest algebraic explanation of using the complex number in the equations. It is very easy to understand the fact and procedures of the chapter at 1st time it is totally fine.
Concept of Exercise 5.1 of 11th Maths
The Exercise 5.1 of Class XI Maths includes basic algebra. The chapter is interconnected with the concepts of algebra that you have studied in the previous classes. One of the myths is still among the student that complex number is entirely a different concept itself. If you are paying attention to polar form you would observe the similarities between coordinate geometry and algebra with complex numbers.
The basic laws of Complex Numbers
In paragraph 5.2 you will be able to see there are five important laws of complex number mentioned. Each of the laws has its significant importance. For instance – the sum of two complex numbers is a complex number. Students who are not well versed with the logic behind the algebraic expression and equations might find it obvious.
Similarly, there are four more such laws that shall help you to work with complex equations. We do not suggest you memorize the laws just because to find it more convenient. It will help you to solve the complete exercise 5.1 in easy steps. | <urn:uuid:74fe7630-334a-4575-bd09-7c7eaa50e0fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/maths/chapter-5/exercise-5-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944033 | 510 | 4.15625 | 4 |
Upper Key Stage 2 Curriculum Planning - Year 6
Below are the long term plans for each term. These are based on the new National Curriculum introduced in September 2014 but are regularly evaluated and updated to meet the needs of our pupils.
The curriculum is delivered on a 2 year cycle.
2021 - 2022
2020 - 2021
If you have any questions or comments relating to the curriculum please contact Mr Kavanagh, Headteacher. | <urn:uuid:3464a93e-2664-4cf7-bde6-7de1de2ec78b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.broomcottages-pri.durham.sch.uk/classes/class-planning/upper-key-stage-2-curriculum-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.939032 | 103 | 2.078125 | 2 |
It is no secret that Tony Blair is a deeply religious man. Yet as prime minister, this was not allowed to permeate his public persona – indeed, his spin doctor Alastair Campbell’s line “we don’t do God” has become the stuff of legend.
Now that he is no longer in office, no such rules apply, and Blair has revealed that he once wanted to end a televised address to the nation with “God bless Britain”, echoing American presidents who traditionally sign off with “God bless America”.
Speaking at a conference on leadership at London’s Royal Albert Hall, organised by the Holy Trinity Brompton Church, the former prime minister said:
I had to do some address to the country when I was Prime Minister.
You know the American president finishes an address to the American people by saying ‘God bless America’. “I had the idea of finishing my address by saying “God bless Britain”.
This caused consternation in the whole system. A committee was convened, and we had to discuss it.
I remember we had this debate on and off but finally one of the civil servants said in a very po-faced way “I just remind you Prime Minister, this is not America” in this very disapproving tone, so I gave up the idea. I think it is a shame that you can’t since it is obviously part of what you are.
Blair, who left Downing Street in 2007 and has since founded the Tony Blair Faith Foundation and converted to Catholicism, went on to defend the role of religion in both private and public life. | <urn:uuid:5b04efca-2df9-4a9d-8f8b-00a41f09afee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2012/05/tony-blair-wanted-end-televised-address-god-bless-britain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.980526 | 344 | 1.78125 | 2 |
This week, the Government made a decision that is likely to cost voters in their 20s and 30s billions of dollars in lost savings over the decades to come.
But it didn't make headlines, and will probably cost National few votes at next year's election.
That's because the Government's decision to keep default KiwiSaver funds conservatively managed until 2021 seemed an arcane one about investment theory.
The stakes are high. Nearly half a million New Zealanders are in default KiwiSaver funds that manage at least $3.5 billion. They were put there when they started a new job and were auto-enrolled by the Inland Revenue Department in one of the six default funds.
AdvertisementAdvertise with NZME.
When KiwiSaver was set up in 2006 by then Labour Finance Minister Michael Cullen, he chose to make the default funds conservative and give them a seven-year term starting in 2007.
It was an accidental masterstroke because shortly after KiwiSaver started, the global financial crisis hammered riskier funds invested in stocks. Default funds invested in bonds coped much better in 2008 and 2009.
But that changed over the past year as stock markets boomed. Investment theorists say markets are now reverting to their long-term trends, which are that long-term savers are better off investing in funds more heavily weighted to stocks.
However, most savers in default funds never move and that is extremely costly for them in the long run because they miss out on billions of dollars of returns from growth funds.
The Government's decision was politically safe - but sometimes the conservative decision in the short term is the wrong one in the long run. | <urn:uuid:2d3edd62-8649-4e02-b96a-950f1e88c9e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/bernard-hickey-a-safe-decision-but-wrong/KK54O7RZW5N43L23JEULV6F2LI/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974327 | 346 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The Belgian Royal Family celebrated National Day 2018 with a series of ebents on July 20th and 21st. The day commemorates July 21st, 1831 in which Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha swore allegiance to the new Belgian constitution, thus becoming the first Head of State of an independent state of Belgium under a constitutional monarchy and parliament. This National Day also marks the 5th Anniversary of the Accession of King Philippe.
On the eve of July 20th, King Philippe, Queen Mathilde, Princess Astrid, and Archduke Lorenz attended the “Prelude to National Day” concert by the by the Belgian National Orchestra at the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, wich was followed by a concert at the Bal Populaire at the Place Jeu de Balles.
On July 21st, King Philippe, Queen Mathilde, the Duchess of Brabant, Prince Gabriel, Prince Emmanuel, and Prince Eléonore attended a Te Deum at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, afterwards meeting members of the crowd. Princess Astrid and Prince Lorenz attended the Te Deum at the Saint Paul’s Cathedral in Liège, while Prince Laurent and Princess Claire attended the Te Deum at the Sint-Baafs Cathedral in Ghent.
In the afternoon, King Philippe, Queen Mathilde, their four children, Princess Astrid, Prince Lorenz, Prince Laurent, and Princess Claire attended the civil and military parade on the Square in front of the Royal Palace in Brussels. Afterwards, the Royal Family joined the celebrations in the Parc across Palace Square.
In the evening, King Philippe and Queen Mathilde attended the ‘Fete au parc – Feest in the Park’ celebrations in the Parc de Bruxelles, and later joined the Duchess of Brabant, Princess Astrid, and Prince Lorenz viewed the annual National Day fireworks from the Palace of the Academies in Brussels.
King Philippe wore Uniform with the Sash and Star of the Order of Leopold. Queen Mathilde wore a red Natan dress with a Fabienne Delvigne hat and gold earrings. | <urn:uuid:c95925f4-c173-42f5-b90c-f4ef711ef4c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://royalwatcherblog.com/2018/07/21/belgian-national-day-2018/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.906581 | 465 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Scientific workflows are a useful tool for managing large and complex computational tasks. Due to its intensive resource requirements, the scientific workflows are often executed on distributed platforms, including campus clusters, grids and clouds. In this paper we build a scientific workflow for blast2cap3, the protein-guided assembly, using the Pegasus Workflow Management System (Pegasus WMS). The modularity of blast2cap3 allows us to decompose the existing serial approach on multiple tasks, some of which can be run in parallel. Afterwards, this workflow is deployed on two distributed execution platforms: Sandhills, the University of Nebraska Campus Cluster, and the Open Science Grid (OSG). We compare and evaluate the performance of the built workflow for the both platforms. Furthermore, we also investigate the influence of the number of clusters of transcripts in the blast2cap3 workflow over the total running time. The performed experiments show that the Pegasus WMS implementation of blast2cap3 significantly reduces the running time compared to the current serial implementation of blast2cap3 for more than 95 %. Although OSG provides more computational resources than Sandhills, our workflow experimental runs have better running time on Sandhills. Moreover, the selection of 300 clusters of transcripts gives the optimum performance with the resources allocated from Sandhills. | <urn:uuid:ba26fd97-1090-4490-9440-0207596df520> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/publications/a-comparison-of-a-campus-cluster-and-open-science-grid-platforms- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.904071 | 264 | 1.71875 | 2 |
The Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America (JWV) demands immediate disciplinary action against Lt. Aristotle Rivera, who currently serves as a Navy Chaplain at Camp Lejeune.
Lt. Rivera included what JWV believes was an anti-Semitic message in an Easter article he wrote for the Defense Department’s Washington Headquarters Service.
In addition to an apology and admission of wrongdoing by Lt. Rivera, we also ask the Department of Defense to issue a statement acknowledging the anti-Semitic nature of the article.
JWV supports the lead efforts on this situation which was first brought to our attention by the Military Religious Freedom Foundation.
About Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America
Founded in 1896, the Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America is the oldest active veterans’ organization in America. JWV is dedicated to upholding America’s democratic traditions and fighting bigotry, prejudice, injustice, and discrimination of all kinds. As a national organization, JWV represents the voice of America’s Jewish veterans on issues related to veterans’ benefits, foreign policy, and national security. JWV also commits itself to the assistance of oppressed Jews worldwide.
# # # | <urn:uuid:70b93a51-d532-41a9-9a08-51c096c6b025> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jwv.org/2021/04/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949356 | 250 | 2.21875 | 2 |
BIG RAPIDS – The Alliance for the Great Lakes sponsors Adopt-a-Beach activities in a number of states, including Michigan. For the past seven years, the Muskegon River Watershed Assembly (MRWA) has partnered in the Adopt-a-Beach program, leading cleanup initiatives in several watershed counties.
This year, 22 students from Ferris State University’s Nature Study class, taught by Biology adjunct faculty Cindy Fitzwilliams-Heck, participated in a cleanup along the Muskegon River and Mitchell Creek in the Hemlock Park area in Big Rapids. They collected approximately 300 pounds of trash, including dirty diapers, building materials and numerous plastic and paper items.
MRWA Program Coordinator Terry Stilson reports that cleanups are not merely conducted for picking up trash along rivers and creeks. “The MRWA not only conducts cleanups to protect water quality and beautify our waterways, but also to make participants aware of the detriment they do when throwing that cigarette butt or other piece of trash on the ground.”
In 2009, five states participated in the program with more than 30,000 pounds of trash collected and involving more than 9,000 volunteers. Last year, the item most commonly picked up was cigarette filters.
These initiatives include picking up trash along rivers and tributaries and recording each piece on data cards. These cards are collected at the end of the cleanups, compiled by the MRWA, and then sent to the Alliance for the Great Lakes for final compilation.
“The Muskegon River Watershed Assembly is dedicated to the preservation, protection, restoration, and sustainable use of the Muskegon River, the land it drains, and the life it supports, through educational, scientific and conservation initiatives,” Stilson adds.
MRWA offices are located on the Ferris State campus in Big Rapids. If you are interested in becoming a MRWA volunteer, contact Stilson at (231) 591-2324 or email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:e4921c9a-3301-465a-a8f6-361bed53daad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/archive/2010/september/waterway.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.927664 | 422 | 2.46875 | 2 |
“Mommy, my eye is itching, and it hurts.”
“Well, don’t scratch it, you’ll make it worse! Has anyone in your class had Pink Eye lately?”
“Yeah, Reg went home yesterday with it. Why?”
“Well you can thank Reg for the day off, and a day of wanting to scratch your eyes out.”
Have you ever had Pink Eye? If you have, you know the crazy itching and soreness that comes with it. What can you do about it? What is a good Pink Eye treatment?
Pink Eye Treatment: What is Pink Eye?
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) is an infection and/or swelling of the membranous lining of the eyelids and lower eyeball (also known as the conjunctiva.) It is accompanied with a variety of symptoms:
- Eye Pain
- Gritty Feeling in the Eyes
- Sensitivity to Light
- Blurred Vision
- Crusts That Form on the Eyelid Overnight
All these symptoms can be very irritating, as well as painful. Many times it’s a child that needs Pink Eye treatment, and it can be very intense for all involved. As a former teacher I have seen Pink Eye sweep through a classroom like a flood. It’s highly contagious, and when the symptoms show up it’s obvious what’s happened.
Pink Eye Treatment: What Causes It?
Pink Eye is caused when the conjunctiva are exposed to bacteria or other irritants. It is spread through contact, whether it be another person, or the causative irritant. Viruses are a common cause of Conjunctivitis. There are other causes as well:
- Allergies (allergic conjunctivitis)
- Chemical Exposure
- Certain Diseases
- Parasites (rare)
- Contact Lenses (improper cleaning or application)
- Birth (neonatal in the birth canal)
The Pink Eye treatment you need may depend on the type of Pink Eye you have. You can sometimes treat the symptoms, and other times you can treat the cause. As stated earlier it is spread mostly through contact, so another “cause” could be the person next to you.
Pink Eye Treatment: Treatments
There aren’t a lot of Pink Eye treatment options. The answer to why is twofold:
- The treatments we have are affective.
- Various forms of Conjunctivitis can be treated by one of the few Pink Eye treatment we have.
As stated, the treatments are based on the type you have. Viral is a different treatment from Bacterial, which is different from Allergic Conjunctivitis.
- Medication for Pink Eye/Antibiotic Eye Drops
- Treatment of the Allergy
- Cool or Warm Compresses
- Simply Letting it Resolve
This Pink Eye treatment is used in treating mostly Bacterial Conjunctivitis. Usually a couple of drops, several times a day for 3-5 days, will alleviate the symptoms.
Treatment of the Allergy
Here is one of the types of Pink Eye that requires you treat not only the symptoms, but the cause. Without treating the allergy, you will not completely eliminate the possibility of the Conjunctivitis returning.
Cool or Warm Compresses
This is not so much a treatment as a comfort measure. With Pink Eye comes the burning, itching, and sometimes crusting of the eyes. Placing a cool or warm compress on your eyes when symptoms show up can help relieve those symptoms.
Let it Resolve (go away)
Some Pink Eye can’t be treated by any known method; it simply has to go away by itself. You can treat the symptoms, but it may take from 3-5 days to see improvement.
Pink Eye Treatment: Prevention
Perhaps the best Pink Eye treatment is to prevent it from ever happening. There are several steps you can use to prevent you, and those around you, from getting Pink Eye. You can even prevent others from passing it on to you by taking a few simple preventative measures.
- Good hygiene
- Do not share makeup
- Do not share towels
- Change pillowcases
- Keep your hands away from your face
- Replace eye cosmetics often
- Handle and clean contact lenses properly
- Wash your hands often
These are all proactive, personal steps that you can take to prevent Pink Eye. To keep from needing a Pink Eye treatment wash your hands often, but especially as you leave your workplace or school, and then again as you get home. Stopping the “infection highway” is a very important part of preventing Conjunctivitis.
What Is A Good Pink Eye Treatment?
That is a fairly simple question. First try and prevent it. If that doesn’t work pick the best Pink Eye treatment that fits your particular type of condition. Be it Pink Eye drops or allergy medicine, either way it will take a few days for your Pink Eye treatment to fix the problem.
What is Conjunctivitis?
a. Fear of the words And, But, and Or (Think about it!)
b. Pink Eye
c. A disease you get in your gums
d. Tearing of your conjuncts
True or False: Pink Eye has more than one cause.
Which is NOT a Pink Eye preventative measure?
a. Good hygiene
b. Wash hands often
c. Don’t lick other peoples eyeball
d. Take Immodium daily
Answers at the bottom of the page!
Tired of waiting for that pesky little condition known as Pink eye to go away? For many people, this is not just “pesky” it’s downright menacing. There are several types of Pink Eye; some are borderline chronic, and Neil Eros has come up with an answer for all of them. Imagine you:
• NOT Scratching
• NOT hurting
With How To Cure Pink Eye Fast you can have that relief in as little as 72 hours. What Eros has put together is a comprehensive attack on Pink Eye of all types, starting with symptom relief in just a few hours.
You can’t go wrong with things like:
• Rapid Symptom Relief
• Treatment for All 5 Types of Pink Eye
• Dietary Tips for Boosting Your Immune System
• A 60 Day Money Back Guarantee
Included with your Informative and Useful 39 page eBook, How To Cure Pink Eye Fast, are three bonus gifts that compliment your Pink Eye treatment book:
• Fifty Two Sunday Dinners (recipe book)
• Boost Your Self Esteem
• Positive Thinking-The Key To Success
I recommend Eros’ book to anyone who has suffered from the irritation known as Pink Eye. Within minutes you could be learning about the cure that can start working its magic on your suffering within hours.
Answers: 1) b, 2) a, 3) d | <urn:uuid:26ff178e-6de7-4d33-bf1b-7b43c2421c8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://embarrassingproducts.com/what-is-a-good-pink-eye-treatment/?replytocom=145 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933211 | 1,509 | 2.640625 | 3 |
こだい - kodai - 古代 - ancient times
"kodai" can be translated from Japanese to mean "ancient times" in English. The Japanese kanji for "kodai" is 古代 .
In Japanese, 古代 is read as こだい.
"kodai" is a level 1 noun in Japanese.
Copyright © 2007 by Mark McCracken All Rights Reserved.
JapaneseFile.com is an informational website. All material and information presented at JapaneseFile.com is provided on an "AS IS" basis and JapaneseFile.com and its owner expressly disclaim any and all warrenties. Please read our disclaimer. | <urn:uuid:5337d58f-100d-405d-957e-3704d49108e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://japanesefile.com/Nouns/kodai_4.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.881613 | 152 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Mapping the capitals of the Roman Empire
“After celebrating the council [of Nicaea] the Emperor [Constantine the Great]… fortified the walls of Byzantium and embellished buildings, and made it equal to Imperial Rome, and gave it his name of Constantinople, ordering that it be named Second [New] Rome. The law was engraved on a column in the Strategium, by the equestrian statue of the Emperor.”
The Roman Empire is one of the most eminent states in the history of the world, and maybe the longest-existing one (BC 753 to AD 1453.) Its centrality and view of the notion of capital city was at the foundation of our view of capital cities and seats of government today. Rome was of course the founding city and the first capital of the Empire, and it was followed by New Rome (Constantinople.) Yet the reality is more complex and other cities did host Roman “capital-ness” as we shall see later. In this article we will map the capital cities of the Roman Empire as seen by Roman citizens themselves. At first we need to proceed to our subject by a theoretical question: what is a capital city, after all? And how Romans defined it? What was the Roman Empire anyways?
ROMAN CAPITAL CITY
There is no comprehensive definition of what a capital city is. In general, a capital city is a city holding privileges over other cities in a given political system. Usually (but not always) a capital city is home to the country’s government. The modern definition seems to stem from the Greco-Roman tradition and the one in the Justinian Code. In AD 533, the Deo Auctore, first preface of the Digest of Emperor Justinian, gives a clear definition of what a capital is, a city that primes over others within the same body politic:
However, by no means do We allow you to insert into your treatise laws that appearing in ancient works have now fallen into desuetude; since We only desire that legal procedure to prevail which has been most frequently employed, or which long custom has established in this benign City; in accordance with the work of Salvius Julianus which declares that all states should follow the custom of Rome, which is the head of the world, and not that Rome should follow the example of other states; and by Rome is to be understood not only the ancient city, but Our own imperial metropolis also [Constantinople], which by the grace of God was founded under the best auguries.
Thus the capital city is the place or settlement from which operates the central sovereign command of a polity. In the world of today all capitals are cities or towns: but it was not the case in the world of the past, where many political structures were nomadic or where the seat of the government “wandered” in different places.
Yet do our definitions cover all capital cities and seats of government today, and all of them in the past eras to? We do need to point out to the spatio-temporal differentiation in the spectrum of capital cities in space and time: mapping capitality and capital cities is sometimes a non distributio medii, but it is necessary to begin mapping somewhere then later introduce necessary nuances to reduce errors. Later this year or next year we will also publish a post proper to mapping capital cities of today with all the nuances and reflections on the question.
THE REPUBLICAN AND MONARCHICAL ROMAN STATE
The old Roman Formula Senatus Populusque Romanus was the description of the Roman Republic as the Senate and the People were the two pillars of sovereignty. Later, the Emperor came to be the representative of the People vis-a-vis the Senate, as this last represented the senatorial class of the elite. In pre-Imperial times the Roman Assemblies were depository of sovereignty, and were composed of the citizens. After the ascent of the Imperial establishment the sovereign powers of the assemblies were transferred to the Emperor, and some to the Senate. In other terms the SPQR motto came now to represent Rome in its diarchy: the Emperor of the People, and the Senate of the elite. Republicanism was not contrary to monarchy: this distinction is modern and made no sense back then. Thus the republican nature of the Roman State continued till at least the year 1204 and maybe till 1453.
How a city is sovereign over others? What are the powers that a Roman capital must have in order to be sovereign over the whole rest of the corpus rei publicae? The Roman political institution was complex and we are short of space to explain it in one post. Nonetheless, we can say that the sovereign part of the Roman body politic went around two centres: the first is the deliberative assembly that represented the interests of the governing elite, the Senate/Senatus/Σύγκλητος; and the second is the Imperial institution, the Emperor Augustus, Imperator/Αυτοκράτωρ or the Augustus/Αύγουστος (Σεβαστός). The first represented the establishment, and the second the “popular” classes. In this the old formula of the Senatus Populusque Romanus, the Senate and People of Rome, becomes concrete. Both centres intertwined and were so connected that sometimes it is hard to separate what belonged to the first from what the second was. It was also common to see both parties in conflict. Yet in general the Roman State worked in ellipse with two centres of its body politic: the Emperor himself was the “First citizen” of the Senate/Princeps Senatus/Πρώτος της Συγκλήτου. As it is clear, emperors took their titles from the ones of the State.
THE NAMES OF THE ROMAN STATE
At first we need to point out to the fact that standardised state names and politonyms are the result of modernity and Westphalian-logic world. Thus in the time of the Roman State (till AD 1453) every state could have numerous official names, depending on the political or legal contexts, and they were all regarded as legitimate.
The Roman State was known as the Res publica Romana/Ῥωμαίων Επικράτεια. Its most proper name of the political system was the Republic of the Roman People/Res publica Romanorum/Πολιτεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων: it officially was a Republic. The Imperial dimension was asserted in the international relations of the Empire as Imperium Romanum/Ἀρχὴ τῶν Ῥωμαίων. Some sources refer to Authority of the Romans/Auctoritas Romanorum/Eξουσία τῶν Ῥωμαίων when it is the legal context of the State.
In the context of international relations the Empire was known by the name of the military head of state and its popular sovereign, the Emperor, and the sovereign power he/she held over the state, the imperium/αυτοκρατορία, thus the Empire was known as the Imperium Romanum/Αυτοκρατορία Ῥωμαίων. Since time immemorial the Emperor was known as Basileus/Βασιλεύς (literally “sovereign”) in the East. The Empire was then known as the Basileia Rhomaion/Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων, Realm of the Romans; Heraclius formally added the title to his traditional Imperial ones when, around 630, he entered Jerusalem with the Real Cross after his war with Persia2.
In all ages the most used name for the Empire by its own inhabitants and in the popular and legal context was Romania/Ῥωμανία, that is, “Romanland” or Land of the Romans3. There are also other names that were common in some periods, like the very common Ηγεμονία Ῥωμαίων (The Roman Realm), and other names.
MAPPING ROMAN CAPITALS
We choose to map by “time snapshots.” We also opt for the Common-Era calendar as it is easier and more known. We are aware of the fact that there was a mistake in calculating the CE Calendar between the founding of Rome and the birth of Jesus Christ. Yet the effect of this error is minimal in our calculations.
In our mapping process we will map the two institutions: the seats of the Senate (as squares) and the seats of the Imperial institution (as circles). We shall see the complexity of the State and how it transformed many a time during its history. We will map the capitals according to historical eras and by “snapshots.”
AD 14: Rome caput Mundi, ruled by the Diarchy Emperor/Senate
Since its beginning Rome, the founding city of the Roman State, had been the seat of all powers of the body politic and is the caput Mundi, that is, “capital of the world”, according to the Romans. The Senate administered some provinces, the rich ones around the Mediterranean and with no internal tensions or border challenges.
Augustus accumulated powers as the principes of the Roman State. He also inaugurated what later came to be known as a “diarchy”, that is, shared rule between him and the Senate. This “diarchical” formula of the Roman State, formally governed by both the Emperors Augusti and the Senate, would last till at least the Thirteenth Century. Astonishingly enough, the age of the first emperor witnessed the birth of Jesus, who would later become the god of the Roman Empire. Before the Imperial era the Roman Assemblies were supposed to the representative bodies of the Populus, and the depository of sovereignty of the Roman State. With the Empire most of their powers were transferred to the Senate, and some, of course, to the Emperor himself. The distinction between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire is theoretical and a later construction: for the Romans themselves the Roman Republic continued as monarchy was not contrary to republicanism. For the Romans themselves the Roman Republic lived until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
AD 212: The world outweighs the City
Officially the Senate still has the same powers and governs from Rome. But by now emperors could be from everywhere in the Roman Empire, the Res publica Populi Romani/Πολιτεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων is still governed by the diarchy of both the Imperial establishment and the Senate. There are less senatorial provinces and emperors are the de facto rulers of the State. Under Emperor Caracalla, the Empire grants Roman citizenship to all free citizens of the Roman Empire in the famous “Antonine Constitution” or the Edict of Caracalla: Roman emperors, augustae, generals, and senators came from everywhere. Rome has become everywhere; Rome indeed became the Oecumene she had wanted to be. As Jerome of Stridon put it two hundred years later, Si auctoritas quaeritur, Orbis maior est Urbe, if you seek authority, the world outweighs the City.
AD 300: Rome of the multiple Imperial seats
Diocletian became emperor in 284. Upon his ascent to the Imperial dignity he instated a system later called the tetrarchy, when four emperors, two senior Augusti, and two minor Caesares, shared the rule of the Empire. After the Third-Century crisis in which generals and local leaders tried to dismember the Roman State, it was essential to keep the unity, thus the four emperors ruled according to the patrimonium indivisum principle. Four seats shared the imperium: Mediolanum (Milan in Italy today) and Nicomedia [Iznik in Turkey today] were the seats of the two Augusti. Augusta Treverorum [Trier in Germany today] and Sirmium [Sremska Mitrovica in Serbia today] for the two Caesares. Antioch [Antakya in Turkey today] was also a second Imperial residence for Diocletian, and Thessalonica for Galerius. The senatorial powers remained in Rome, still the only official capital of the Roman Empire but now home to the Senate only as a sovereign power and locally governed by her praefectus Urbi/ἔπαρχος τῆς Πόλεως. The Senate in Old Rome never gave up its sovereign powers and kept being the sovereign deliberative body of the Roman State for a while.
Constantine was proclaimed emperor by his troops in Eboracum (Today’s York) in Britannia, on the 25th July 306, succeeding his father Constantius Chlorus. Constantine governed the said westernmost part of the Empire in which Trier was the Imperial seat. Therefore in the Rhenish part of the Roman Empire the Constantinian era began.
337 AD: New Rome is becoming Rome
Constantine’s reign was maybe the most significant in Roman history. His role in legalising Christianity is well-documented and well-debated. The rule of Constantine as emperor witnessed a shift that proved to be the most eminent one in Roman history: the founding of New Rome, Nova Roma, Νέα Ῥώμη, also known as Second Rome, Secunda Roma, Δευτέρα Ῥώμη. Since Constantinian times it was known as Constantinople, Constantinopolis, Κωνσταντινούπολις. This new Rome, the New Rome, would become the longest-serving seat of the Roman State, as we will see later in this text. Constantine inaugurated his new capital on the 11th of May 330.
Old Rome was still home to the only sovereign Roman Senate of the Empire: the Constantinopolitan Senate created by Constantine had provincial powers, but not Imperial sovereign ones. At the death of Constantine he was deified by the Roman Senate and was canonised by the Church (In spite of some un-Christian aspects of his life.) Constantine’s sons had different Imperial residences. From west to east: Constantine II had his residence in Augusta Treverorum to govern Germania, Gaul, Britannia, Hispania, and Mauretania. Constans I had his Imperial residence in Sirmium and Thessalonica, and later moved it to Mediolanum when his brother Constantine II was killed in 340 so he inherited his part. Constantius II had his residences in Antioch and Constantinople while making passages in Caesarea of Cappadocia.
Later a major change would be introduced east: Constantius II gave the Constantinopolitan Senate powers that made it equal to the Senate of Old Rome. Thus the Roman Senate had by now two sovereign assemblies: the Old Roman Senate in Rome, and the New Roman Senate in Constantinople.
AD 412: Two Romes and one Ravenna
Times have indeed changed. The reign of Theodosius (AD 380-395) did centralise the government. After some hesitation, Theodosius moved from Thessalonica to Constantinople which is by now an uncontested capital over the whole Empire. Theodosius divided the Roman Empire, administratively between his sons Arcadius in the East and Honorius in the West. The East Roman Empire is governed by the Emperor and the Senate in Constantinople. The West Roman Empire was governed by the Emperor in Mediolanum and the Senate in Rome. In 402 Emperor Honorius son of Theodosius moved the Imperial court to Ravenna, which would continue to be the Imperial seat till the fall of the Western Empire and in this quality will have the mausoleum of Galla Placidia (†450) daughter of Theodosius, the most eminent augusta of the Western Roman Empire.
In 410 Rome itself was sacked by the Goths, an unprecedented act for eight hundred years. That time the panic out of this sack spread over the whole Roman world and pushed Jerome of Stridon to wonder if the world was ending as “it is sinking into ruins.” It also made Augustine of Hippo (†430) write his De Civitate Dei, one of the founding texts of the Christian West. Following the Rescript of Honorius of 410 or 411, Roman cities in Britannia had to be in charge of their own safety and administration, the Imperial protection was no more valid. The Britons remained Roman in their culture, but for now they had no more imperium to protect them: they turned into a sub-Roman “rump” part of the Empire. This weakening and collapse of the central administration were felt everywhere in the Western Empire. Barbarians penetrated deep into the Empire and appropriated lands for themselves. In the Eastern Empire, the central administration could survive the Barbarian advances and could manage to keep the Eastern part almost intact for two more centuries.
This age also witnessed the last modifications introduced on the Tabula Peutingeriana, one of the very few surviving maps from Roman classical times. The last modifications would have been made at the first decades of the Fifth Century. The astonishing part, already discussed in the site, is not Rome and Constantinople: both Romes have their Tychai as the two capital cities of the Empire (Even if Rome was no more home to emperors, but her Old Roman Senate was still sovereign and it was still the formal seat of the state.) Yet the presence of Antioch as equal to the two Romes is the most intriguing feature of the map.
AD 451: Western Rome is falling apart
The Eastern part of the Empire is rather healthy in spite of the numerous economic and political torments. Constantinople is the only formal seat of the Empire, governed by the New Roman Senate on one hand, and by the ruthless and popular augusta Pulcheria and her husband Marcian on the other hand. Constantinople was expanded during the imperium of Theodosius II (†449), who ruled jointly with his sister Pulcheria. Theodosius built new walls around the enlarged city, later known as the Theodosian Walls, protecting the Imperial City for the next thousand years.
The Western Roman Empire is ailing. Rome is still the seat of the Old Roman Senate, and Ravenna the Imperial court. Yet the lands of the Empire are being dislocated: Britannia is formally abandoned since the times of Honorius and its inhabitants had to face the Barbarian invasion by their own means. The Vandals marched on Africa and occupied all territories of Carthage and Tripolitania, the Visigoths installed their federated kingdom in Toulouse in southern Gaul, the Franks are federated in northern Gaul, and other peoples are sweeping across the Imperial lands. And above all the Huns are pillaging the Rhine and northern Gaul and northern Italy… But, in spite of the torment, Flavius Aetius could stop the Hun alliance in the battle of the Catalaunian Plains, in today’s Champagne in France.
In the East New Rome is really Rome: it has the very same prerogatives of Old Rome, and its capital status is as strong as the Old one. ًWe quote the resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon as a primary source attesting to this. In 451 the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon convened under the auspices of Pulcheria and Marcian, decided that the New Rome be given the very same prerogatives as Old Rome, a sign that the political sovereign prerogatives of Constantinople were by then equal to those of Old Rome. The reference to the diarchy of sovereignty Emperor/Senate is clear in the Canon 28 of the Council’s resolutions:4
The fathers rightly accorded prerogatives to the see of older Rome, since that is an imperial city; and moved by the same purpose the 150 most devout bishops apportioned equal prerogatives to the most holy see of new Rome, reasonably judging that the city which is honoured by the imperial power and senate and enjoying privileges equalling older imperial Rome, should also be elevated to her level in ecclesiastical affairs and take second place after her.
AD 480: New Rome is the only Imperial Rome
A radical change happened to the Roman Empire: the Western imperium collapsed in 476 when Emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed by the Barbarian chief Odoacer. Later in 480, near Salona, the capital of Dalmatia and of the rump part of the Western Empire, the de iure emperor, Julius Nepos, was killed. The Old Roman Senate sent the Western regalia to the Eastern Emperor Zeno: the administrative division of the Empire was officially abolished. But the Eastern Emperor, now the only Roman Emperor, reigned effectively over the Eastern part and had no effective power over the Western half. Later, Emperor Anastasius recognized Clovis as a legitimate king of the Franks and conferred an honorary consular dignity on him.
Rome still had her Old Roman Senate, but now without imperium and without an Augustus so to implement whatsoever decisions, a mere legislative body without executive powers. In the East, Constantinople centralises all the powers with emperors having their permanent court there, and the New Roman Senate being the sovereign deliberative assembly with executive powers of the whole Roman State now. Since then and till the end, Constantinople will remain the main court city and Imperial residence of Roman emperors.
The Britons were still attached to their Romanness in spite of the loss of any form of central rule. In northern Gaul Syagrius governed around Soissons in continuity with the Roman past and kept his allegiance to Constantinople. But his rule was destroyed by the Frankish chief Clovis in 486. This very Clovis was granted an honorary consulship after his baptism in the Nicene Christianity (An honorary one, he was never appointed a real consul so to appear in the Consular lists.) New Rome, the only capital of the Roman Empire, certified the birth of the Frankish polity as a legitimate successor to some Roman rule to the north of the Alps. Gregory of Tours mentions this honorary consulship in his Book II of the History of the Franks:5
Clovis received an appointment to the consulship from the emperor Anastasius, and in the church of the blessed Martin he clad himself in the purple tunic and chlamys, and placed a diadem on his head. Then he mounted his horse, and in the most generous manner he gave gold and silver as he passed along the way which is between the gate of the entrance [of the church of St. Martin] and the church of the city, scattering it among the people who were there with his own hand, and from that day he was called consul or Augustus. Leaving Tours he went to Paris and there he established the seat of his kingdom. There also Theodoric came to him.
AD 565: Make Rome Great Again
In this year Emperor Justinian passes away. During their reign, Justinian and his spouse Theodora (†548), cosovereigns, began a reconquest plan of the western parts of the Empire and could succeed in Italy, North Africa, Dalmatia, and southern Hispania. Justinian promulgated the first comprehensive codification of Roman law, known later as the Corpus Iuris Civilis. This most comprehensive collection of Roman Law is still the mother of all civil codes in the world. Justinian also built Hagia Sophia in its current form, the greatest church of the Roman Empire and the biggest church in Christendom for almost thousand years. In spite of the plague and the many problems in the Justinian legacy, the Lebanese historian Assad Rustum does exclaim about the Emperor “Is there more grandiose than the Collection of Law and Hagia Sophia?“
Constantinople is home to the emperors and to the New Roman Senate; while Rome still has its Old Roman Senate, now again a part of the Empire. In the Justinian Law, as we have seen above, Rome and Constantinople are both Roma caput Mundi, that is, Imperial capitals.
The Old Roman Senate is beginning to disappear. After Justinian’s death and the Lombard invasion of Italy many Senate members left the Eternal City or were killed and the old Roman senatorial class was decimated by wars and almost annihilated by the Goths, then by the Lombards. Old Rome became a shadow of its glorious past. It is maybe no coincidence that Pope Gregory the Great was the last to bear the name of an illustrious Roman gens, the Anicii. Gregory himself was the praefectus Urbi6thus presided the Old Roman Senate and was very knowledgeable about it. After being elected to the Petrine Ministry and in his Homilies on Ezekiel he laments the disappearance of the Senate in Rome7:
Cities have been destroyed, forts overturned, fields deserted, the earth emptied in solitude… For since the Senate has failed, the people have perished, and the sufferings and groans of the few who remain are multiplied each day. Rome, now empty, is burning.
AD 630: New Rome is the only caput Mundi
The Heraclian era witnessed an event that was a great landmark in Roman history: the Old Roman Senate in Rome ceased to convene. Under the usurper Phocas and the last years of Gregory the Great’s Pontificate it was still present, though collapsing as we saw in the homilies of Gregory. But it ceased to exist later and the Curia Julia, the Senate house, was converted into a church around the year 630 when Honorius I was pope. It is very probable that the institutions of the Old Roman Senate merged into those of the Holy See.
Constantinople is by then the only capital city of the Empire: the Imperial residence, and home to the New Roman Senate which is by now the only sovereign deliberative body in the Roman State. After 350 years of “multi-capital state”, all powers of Emperors and Senate are again together in one place, this time the New Rome on the Bosphorus.
The year 630 was a break, a rest, between two very turbulent times. After the assassination of Emperor Maurice in 602 Persian armies swept across the eastern parts of the Empire. Jerusalem fell in 614 and Persians carried away the True Cross. Later, they attacked Egypt and Asia Minor and raided the Asian outskirts of Constantinople. On the other side, in the Balkans, the Avars raided the whole space between the Danube and the Mediterranean. Cities like Thessalonica, Corinth, Athens, Serdica, and Patras could hardly withstand the shock. But the countryside was submerged. Constantinople could hardly be kept safe thanks to its Theodosian and Anastasian Walls. In 626 the Avars and the Persians tried to kill the Roman State in Constantinople, laying siege to the city. But they failed and the Roman world survived these years8. Since then and out of such horrors the Roman Empire in the East gradually thought itself as the “chosen people”, and its capital New Rome as also the capital chosen by God for the Romans. During this time Emperor Heraclius thought of moving the Imperial seat to Carthage, where his father Heraclius the Elder served as exarch of Africa: but the plan was never implemented. The status quo ante bellum peace with the Persians gave the Roman Empire a Pyrrhic victory and could not save the Persian State, sinking into chaos. In the extreme west Imperial possessions in Hispania were taken over by the Visigoths. The Empire had no sufficient manpower to stop it, and because of the Visigoths’ conversion from Arianism into orthodox Catholic Christianity in AD 589 (They were no more “enemies”.)
Beginning in 633 the Roman Empire faced a new invasion, this time stronger and more far-reaching: the Arab tribes of Arabia invaded the Fertile Crescent. Damascus fell in AD 636. Antioch, once an Imperial residency, followed in 637, and Jerusalem in AD 638, surrendering to the Caliph Omar himself so to protect the Holy Places. The invaders continued to occupy Egypt, and one decade later Cyrenaica, Cilicia, Mesopotamia, and Armenia, were subdued. Yet and in spite of all the calamities of the Seventh Century the central government of the Romans in Constantinople kept functioning: the Imperial court and the Senate worked together to secure the survival of the Roman Empire. The Roman State could survive what no other state in history could during this period. The years have left an important legacy in the liturgies and religious rituals of the Roman Empire, notably in the troparion of the Feast of the Cross (14th September) which emphasises the relation between emperor, people, and the politeia9:
O Lord save Thy people
And bless Thine inheritance,
Granting victory to our Emperors over the Barbarians,
And by the power of Thy Cross,
Preserve Thy Republic [commonwealth]10
Much much later, these words written in the Roman context were and are still used in times of misfortune. These are the very words that open the Overture 1812 of Tchaikovsky, in a praying mode, and conclude it in the triumphal one. Here is the version sung by the Cappella Romana ensemble, from Tchaikovsky’s Overture 1812:
AD 663: Between New Rome and Syracuse
The Arab invasion is clearly seen in this map: the Roman Empire lost all that lies between Armenia and Tripolitania. Carthage and the Exarchate of Africa were still Roman. Constantinople is the seat of the New Roman Senate and where reside most members of the Imperial family. But Emperor Constans II son of Heraclius resides in Syracuse in Sicily. The Emperor left Constantinople in 660 for a long visit west in which he passed by Thessalonica, Athens, Corinth, then Italy. For him, Syracuse might have been the most strategic place to organise war operations of the Lombards to the north in Italy and the Saracens to the south in Africa. After his visit to Rome (the first Roman emperor to do it in almost two centuries and the last to do it before the 14th Century), he relocated to Syracuse. Rumours said that he wanted to make it the new Imperial official capital. The Senate prohibited other members of the Imperial household of leaving Constantinople. Constans II was killed in Syracuse in 668. After him and till the reign of the two last Palaiologoi no Roman emperor thought of changing the official capital from Constantinople.
Constans’ Syracusan residency was quite well-known that more than fifty years after his death John Damascene, the greatest eastern Roman theologian of his time and when writing his work Against those who decry icons, called Constans “Constantine of Sicily.” Constans’ son, Constantine IV “the Pogonatus” (†685) would become the emperor abolishing the Monothelitist theological controversy and to stop the Arabs on the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople.
AD 730: New Rome about to lose Old Rome
The Roman capital Constantinople underwent two Arab sieges: in 677-680 and in 717-718. During the “chaos” between 695 and 717, in spite of the succession of numerous antagonist emperors, the Roman State could function and its central administration was kept intact, undoubtedly thanks to the Senate. Leo III the Isaurian, born in Germanicea in Syria, was elected emperor and managed to save the City. Yet he later introduced iconoclastic policies that caused unrest in the Roman Empire for more than hundred years and led to growing bitterness between the patriarchates of Old Rome (the Papacy) and New Rome. At first, Pope Gregory II refused Leo’s policies and severed his relations with him.
In 731, following the iconoclastic decree of Leo III, the Syrian-born Pope Gregory III severed ties with the Emperor in Constantinople and rendered Old Rome quasi-independent from the Roman Empire. Thereby was born the nucleus of the Papal States. In answer, Leo III annexed the eparchies of Illyricum (Continental Greece and most of the Archipelago): thus Old Rome had no more territorial possessions, even Church ones, in the Roman Empire. Again Old Rome belongs no more to the Roman Empire: the world outweighs the City, again and again. This fact of Old Rome itself being outside the Roman Empire weighed a lot in the later problems between Easter and Western Churches. Agapius of Hierapolis (†10th Century) describes that11:
In that year [AD 726] [Emperor] Leo ordered that images of martyrs be taken off from churches and buildings and places. When Gregory [II or III] the patriarch of Rome knew he became angry and prevented the People of Rome and of Antioch from paying tribute to Leo.
We do not know how the Popes had power over Antioch. But they did over Rome, and that was the essential in Agapius’ testimony.
AD 800: New Rome contested
After the adventure of Constans II in Sicily no emperor changed his or her official Imperial residency: all lived, theoretically, in Constantinople, protected by the Theodosian and Anastasian Walls. In the year AD 800 a woman was ruling alone and was alone vested with the imperium, Irene of Athens. After being the augusta of her husband Leo IV the Khazar, Irene became regent over her son Constantine VI. In this capacity she convened a Church council in Nicaea in AD 787, later known as the Seventh Ecumenical Council. The council condemned iconoclasm and restored icons to churches. But later Irene or her partisans had Constantine blinded so she be alone the augusta and the empress regnant. But Irene’s ascendance to the senior Imperial dignity was later used as a pretext to justify the papal act of coronating Charlemagne a “Roman” emperor. An emperor would never be chosen by a clergyman alone (like the Pope), but elected by the Senate, acclaimed by the People and by the armies. The papal precedent began a history of rivalry between the old true Roman Empire and a newly-created Germanic one.12
After Irene Emperor Nicephorus I generalised the theme system almost all over the Empire: this defensive mode of administration would govern the Empire till at least AD 1204. During this time the Roman State began to recover parts of the Peloponnese and of Hellas.
AD 900: The Roman Empire of the better times
Constantinople is the uncontested capital of the Roman Empire, the seat of the Emperors and the home to the Senate. It is the richest city in the whole world and the most elaborate and sophisticated one. The Roman Empire began by now to recover from the huge challenges of the Seventh and Eighth Centuries. After the death of Emperor Theophilos (†842), his wife Theodora became regent over their son Michael II and restored the icons, rendering obsolete the state iconoclasm. Later, Theodora was canonised and her relics were translated to Corfu, a fact that would make her one of the very few “surviving” emperors and empresses. The important territorial losses of the Ninth Century were Crete (827) and Sicily (827-902.) The loss of Crete to Andalusian pirates was a big blow to the Empire as it did expose the Aegean Sea to piracy acts for a long time. The loss of Sicily to Aghlabid emirs of Tunisia led to the loss of maritime hegemony beyond the Sicilian Straits (Scylla and Charybdis). Naples and Gaeta become autonomous under Imperial authority. In the north, the Venetian Duchy expanded and became more autonomous, always under the sovereignty of the Empire. After killing Michael III and being proclaimed emperor by the Senate, the Army regiments and the people of the Imperial City (according to the very old Roman tradition), Emperor Basil I expanded Imperial borders beyond the mountain passes east of Asia Minor and destroyed the Paulician sect in Tephrice.
An important change was introduced at the very centre of the Empire. Emperor Leo VI the Wise had a new collection of Laws, mostly consisting of translating the Justinian Law into Romaic Greek. But the Emperor introduced new laws, that is, “Novels”. In the Novel XCIV the consular dignity was abolished and its powers merged into Imperial prerogatives, as since Justinian all consuls were the reigning emperors. In the Novel LXXVIII the powers of enacting laws are taken from the Senate “since the supreme power was acquired by emperors.” This qualitative important change meant that the Imperial court now, de iure, prevailed in most matters over the Senate. Yet this last retained most of its sovereign powers and would continue to do so till 1204.
The testimony of Al-Masudi (†956), the Arab geographer, is precious as it provides us with one of the first mentions of the name Istanbul as seat of the Roman Empire. Al-Masudi’s arguments in his book Al Tanbih wal Ishraf [The Attention and the supervision] – dating back to the beginning of the Tenth Century – prove that this name of the City is not only Romaic Greek, but it is also originated in the Roman tradition of Constantinople capital of the Roman State. We quote the Arab geographer13:
After three years he [Emperor Constantine the Great] built the city of Constantinople on the bay of the Maytos [Pontos], known today as the Khazar sea, to the Roman sea [the Mediterranean] and the Sham [Syria or Levant] and Egypt. [He built it] in the place called Tabula [Damalis?] of the town of Byzantium, and he fortified it and adorned it with buildings. And he made it his seat of rule, and added his name to it. After him, the Emperors of the Romans reside in it till today. The Romans call it Bulin [Polis, ἡ Πόλις], and when they want to talk about it as the seat of the Empire, out of its greatness, they say Istin Bulin [Stin Poli, στην Πόλη] and not Constantinople.
AD 976: The new Roman renaissance
The Roman Empire is expanding. Again the Romans reached the lower Danube in their expeditions against Bulgaria, unprecedented since the reign of Heraclius. Under Emperor Romanos (†963) the leader Nicephorus Phocas reconquered Crete and established a new theme in it. After Romanos’ death Nicephorus was proclaimed emperor in Caesarea and marched to Constantinople. His reign was that of a real territorial regains. After three centuries Cilicia and northern Syria returned to the Roman Empire. Antioch, once a seat of emperors and a city essential in the history of Christendom, returned to the Empire in 969. Cyprus was reincorporated into the Roman Empire after three centuries of the condominium between Romans and Arabs. The only territorial loss was to the extreme west: Gaeta becomes a de iure independent duchy (with some Imperial will), and the Aghlabids occupied Taormina and Rometta in Sicily ans thus Roman rule was confined to the Italian Peninsula.
Roman emperors like Nicephorus II Phocas (†969), John I Tzimisces (†976), and Basil II (†1025) spent their lives in military operations far from the Queen City. Yet Constantinople is the only official capital of the Roman Empire, its only official Imperial residence and the place of the Senate. The capital role is established and by now written not only in law but also in Imperial diplomacy and tradition, as writes Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in his De administrando Imperio14
In the past, all the territory of Italy, Naples, Capua, Benevento, Salerno, Amalfi, Gaeta, and all Lomabrdy were possessions of the Romans, I say when Rome was the Imperial capital. But, after the moving of the capital to Constantinople, all these territories were divided into two governments, two patricians were usually sent by the Emperor of Constantinople, one of the patricians to govern Sicily, Calabria, Naples, and Amalfi, and the other with his seat in Benevento to govern Pavia, Capua, and all the rest.
In spite of some inaccuracies, the essential part of the paragraph by the Emperor is valid: the Imperial capital was moved to Constantinople.
AD 1034: Eastern Rome at a new peak
Constantinople reigns supreme over the vast territories extending from the Sicilian Straits to the Caucasus, and from the Danube and Scythia to the Syrian steppe. The military operations of Emperor Basil II (†1025) consolidated the Imperial rule in northern Syria and annexed the Bulgarian State. By that time sister Empresses Zoe and Theodora, daughters of Constantine VIII, reigned. In spite of their shaky government, they were popular and on numerous occasions, people took to the streets to show their support of the Macedonian sisters. The sisters resided in Constantinople, where the Senate was also active and usually backing the sisters against their husbands, maybe following the people, who endeared the sisters as rightful monarchs and mothers of the people. The republican dimension of the Roman State is expressed, negatively, by the contemporaneous historian Michael Psellus (†1078), who wrote about the times of the Macedonian emperors. In his point of view expressed in the Chapter 134 of his Book VI of the Chronography, the equality followed by the Roman State is rather negative and inherited from Romulus15:
Here I will deviate somewhat from the main narrative for one moment. In well-governed cities there are inscribed on the citizen-rolls the names not only of the best persons and men of noble birth, but also of people whose origin is obscure, and military authorities observe this custom no less than civil magistrates. That, at all events, was the system followed by the Athenians and in all those cities which emulated their form of democracy. In our polity [Republic], however, this excellent practice has been contemptuously abandoned, and nobility counts for nothing. The process of corruption has been going on in the Senate for a long time: it is, in fact, a heritage of the past, for Romulus was the first to encourage the kind of confusion we see now. Today the citizenship is open to all. No doubt you would find not a few wearing civilized clothes, who formerly covered themselves in a goat’s-hair cloak. Many of our government are, I am sure, ex-slaves whom we bought from barbarians, and our great offices of state are entrusted not to men of the stamp of Pericles, or Themistocles, but to worthless scamps like Spartacus.
The notion of tradition, as it is described by Hannah Arendt in her 1961’s essay “Tradition and the modern age” is direct and clear in Psellus’ text. What we today find as a great attribute of democracy, equality among all citizens, did not find grace in the author’s eyes. Yet his text is an important insight of our mapping: the Senate moved from Old Rome, and the absolute republican equality among citizens was still holding and rendering the Roman Empire a res publica in the old sense of the word. Astonishingly enough, an ideal state of today is exactly what Psellus criticised in the Roman State of his time: not only a polity ruled by the demos δήμος, but also by the laos λαός.
AD 1096: New Rome without Asia Minor
Constantinople is the Imperial and senatorial capital. Yet two major changes happened between 1050 and 1100: at first, the “popular” government of the Macedonians ceased to exist with the death of Theodora in 1055 and the failure of the Macedonian line. Aristocrats seized power and kept it till 1453 (with the exception of the rather-old-style Roman polity of the Lascaris in Nicaea and in which the populus played a major role.) The second change is the arrival of the Seljuk Turks. After the battle of Mantzikert in 1071, the Seljuk Turks swept across Asia Minor and occupied most of the interior lands. Some of the Roman possessions were lost for good.
Other important changes happened west: in 1082 the Venetian polity had obtained a chrysobull by Alexios I, and thus became de iure quasi-independent. The Venetian jurisdiction was also extended to the Dalmatian cities, so since then, the Dalmatian coast was also administered by the Serenissima. In southern Italy all the Roman possessions were lost to the Normans, except the tiny Duchy of Naples, still under nominal Imperial authority and surrounded by Norman polities.
Another event happened in 1054 and when it did almost nobody could know how catastrophic it would be in the future. Cardinal Humbertus (the Papal legate) and the patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other. The excommunication was never extended on the whole Patriarchates of Rome and of New Rome. Plus the Pope was by that time, thus the excommunication was null. But much later the event was remembered as the “Great Schism” that divided the orthodox Catholic Church into a Roman/Latin Catholic West and a Roman/Greek Orthodox East. The mutual excommunications of Cerularius and Humbertus were withdrawn on the 7th of December 1965 by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras.
But Constantinople is still home to Emperors and Senate. The confirmation of this fact, established by the texts of the Council of Chalcedon as we saw above, is also mentioned by Anna Comnena, daughter of Alexios I and the most prominent female historian of the middle ages. In her Alexiad, Anna argues that since Constantinople is the capital city of the Romans, her bishop must also be the supreme bishop of the Romans, and not the bishop of Old Rome. We do not agree with this argument of Anna as it contradicts the texts of the Ecumenical councils. Yet her text on the movement of supreme political power of the Romans from Rome to Constantinople is the most valid:16
For when the imperial seat was transferred from Rome hither to our native Queen of Cities, and the senate, and the whole administration, there was also transferred the arch-hierachical primacy. And the Emperors from the very beginning have given the supreme right to the episcopacy of Constantinople, and the Council of Chalcedon emphatically raised the Bishop of Constantinople to the highest position, and placed all the dioceses of the inhabited world under his jurisdiction.
AD 1170: The last decades of the uninterrupted Antiquity
The Roman Empire recovered partially from the years of the 1090s. The economy is still strong, the Imperial court of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (†1180) benefited from the territorial regains of Manuel’s father, Emperor John II (†1143.) Later, John’s age was viewed as a golden one, and Constantinople was still the most magnificent capital in Christendom. Manuel exercised a certain loose and indirect suzerainty over the Latin states in the Levant. The Nativity Church restoration inscription says:
The present work was finished by the hand of Ephrem the monk, painter and mosaic worker, in the reign of the great emperor Manuel Porphyrogenitus Comnenus and in the time of the great king of Jerusalem, our lord Amalric [Amaury], and of the most holy bishop of holy Bethlehem, the lord Ralph, in the year 6677 [AD 1169], second indiction.
Constantinople is still the incontestable seat of the Roman emperors and the last capital of Antiquity in a medieval world, also the capital of all eastern Christians, “Latin” and “Greek”. The Senate is still alive and active but with even more reduced powers since the reign of Alexios I.
AD 1203: The fall of the Res Publica of the Romans
Antiquity is living its very last days: contrary to what is generally thought Antiquity continued after the fall of Rome and after Christianity became the dominant religion of the Helleno-Roman world. Clearly, the political formula of the diarchy, emperors and senate, is Antiquity. But this Antiquity was by then dying, it could survive the attacks of Barbarians from the north and from the south, but apparently no more. Constantinople had no clear single imperium, numerous emperors were elected or proclaimed by the Roman state elite. Upon the fall the New Roman Senate was still alive and one of its last acts was to elect an emperor. After the fall of 1204, no permanent senate is attested: the sovereign powers of this deliberative assembly are over. Venetians and Franks had a plan to divide the “empire of Romania” as they called it. Enrico Dandolo, the very old doge of Venice, styled himself Dominus quartae partis et dimidiae totius Imperii Romaniae, Lord of the quarter and a half-quarter of the empire of Romania. Venice did know very well the eastern Roman context and politics as the Venetian Republic itself was the daughter of the Empire as we already mapped it in this site. Even the Frankish warriors of Champagne and Flanders “went Roman’ and adopted local style and traditions.
The fall of the Politeia/Res Publica of the Romans in Constantinople is of course not the result of the immediate events, but these events are rather its outcome. Nicetas Choniates (†1217), the great eastern Roman historian of the Fourth Crusade, points out to this anomaly in the Roman State in his Annals. For him, the emperor is to be elected by the people, the senate, and the army, in the purest old Roman tradition17:
The officials of the State [Republic, Πολιτεία] had already declared for him, his entry had been made ready by his wife Euphrosyne, and at least a faction of the senate had happily accepted the outcome of events. When the citizens heard the proclamations, they engaged in no seditious act but remained calm from the beginning and applauded the news, neither remonstrating nor being inflamed by righteous indignation at being deprived by the troops of their customary right to elect the emperor.
AD 1220: Roman successor states
In 1220 the Roman State was not there, there were Roman states around, successor states claiming to be the embodiment of the continuity of the Roman State from times immemorial. The most Roman of these rump states is the one centred at Nicaea in Asia Minor, where Theodore I Lascaris built an Imperial-like government and was crowned by the legitimate patriarch of Constantinople after being acclaimed by the people and by senators who fled Constantinople. It was said that his brother Constantine was elected emperor in Constantinople by the remnants of the body politic there the day Crusaders stormed the City. In addition to the seat in Nicaea, the Lascaris leaders built their secondary residence in Nymphaeum, not far from Smyrna and Ephesus in Ionia, on the western shores of Asia Minor. In Nymphaeum important treaties were concluded between the Roman rump polity and Italian states.
In Trebizond, as we have seen before, an Imperial-like government was erected there since before the fall of the Empire in Constantinople. The Trapezuntine State covered the southern shores of the Black Sea and the Crimean possessions of the Empire. A third polity appeared in Epirus where Michael Komnenos-Doukas (Angelos) set his court and government in Arta, and where his successors would continue to rule till 1449. In Constantinople itself reigned a Latin “empire of Romania” that was created on the ruins of the Roman Empire. The sovereigns of this polity claimed full Roman legitimacy as emperors, even if they were in clear rupture with the Roman tradition that preceded them.
AD 1270: The lesser New Rome
The Roman Empire is again in Constantinople: New Rome is again the seat of the imperium. Yet no deliberative assembly in a senatorial manner exists now, the Roman Empire is governed by Imperial powers. Apparently the rest of the republican powers – existent in the Nicaean Roman state – were dropped by Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, who governed more like a feudal than an Augustus of old. The diarchy disappeared, but still emperors were formally there by the will of the people, at least theoretically.
Again the Empire extends from the Adriatic to the Black sea, but it is a shadow of what it was before 1204 and twenty-five times smaller than the Empire of Septimius Severus. Most parts of continental Greece (Hellas), the Morea (Peloponnese), and the Archipelago (the Aegean isles) are not under Imperial Roman authority. Plus, the Empire’s access to the Adriatic is blocked by Dyrrachium (Durazzo), disputed between the Epirotes and the Angevins. The Imperial navy was reduced to a tiny fleet, compared to the important one that the Angeloi inherited in 1185. Yet the Roman Empire was still an international political player; Michael VIII could actively participate in the Sicilian Vespers so to set into chaos Charles Anjou’s project of occupying Constantinople again. Mich
ael also erected a column to immortalise the reconquest of the Roman capital, in this regard he was like the Romans of old.
But Constantinopolitan politics made the Imperial establishment neglect the Asian side of the Empire: the Akritai warriors, ancestral defenders of Asia Minor in continuity of the millennial Roman tradition of the limitanei, were left for their own.
Other centres of imperia existed, Trebizond for the Trapezuntine Roman state; the sovereign of Trebizond bore the title of Emperor Autocrator of the East. Trebizond still controlled the Crimean possessions (Perateia.) Arta was the centre of the Epirote state. The Roman state in Thessaly stemmed from the Epirote one and was centred around Neopatras, today known as Ypati, in central Greece.
The Palaiologian period witnessed the generalisation of the Double-Headed Eagle as symbol of the Roman State, and the introduction of the tetragrammatic cross as an emblem of the Roman State. These two symbols adorned coats of arms, emblems, clothes, Imperial bulls and decrees, and buildings. Trapezuntine emperors and Epirote governors used the Double-Headed Eagle too.
AD 1350: The Roman petty Empire
On the map, the Roman Empire looks like a small state whose heritage and name are much bigger than its present. The Ottoman Turks occupied most of the rest of the Asian possessions of the Empire and became sovereign of territories off Constantinople the Imperial capital. The two Imperial residencies of Nicaea and Nymphaeum fell. Nicomedia, an old Imperial residency, followed. The Roman possessions are now reduced to some disparate towns like Pegai, Heraclea in Bithynia, Amastris, and Philadelphia as we will see later. In the Morea, Mystras is by now a seat of a “despotate” that looked more like a typical western apanage, yet it still followed Imperial nominal rule and some powers were never devolved from Constantinople (like for example legislative powers, the Morea didn’t introduce new laws.) Constantinople, the Imperial capital, still commands most of Thrace and the city of Thessalonica. We do know that the Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos is still called ΒΑCΙΛΕΥC ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΑΕΙ ΑΥΓΟΥCΤΟC, and his spouse Empress Helena Dragasis ΑΥΓΟΥCΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΙCΑ ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ on the miniature of the family, given by Manuel Chrysoloras to the royal abbey of Saint-Denis near Paris circa 1408.
Trebizond is still the seat of a Trapezuntine Imperial state, Arta of the Epirote one. Philadelphia in Asia Minor is still Roman but governed by its own bishop who, with the citizens, set self-rule in the Roman manners. Thus the isolated city commanded its own imperium while theoretically remaining under the Imperial authority. In the Crimea, Gothia is by now autonomous and under its own princes of the Gabras family (that governed Trebizond under the Komnenos emperors in Constantinople.) The prince still paid nominal allegiance to the emperor in Trebizond and still considered themselves Romans. But they kept their reduced imperium in Theodoro/Mangup in the mountains of southern Crimea, between the Genoese and the Tatars.
In 1400 Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos goes to the west in a journey to gather what is necessary to stop the catastrophe and save the Roman Empire. For the first time since Constans II “of Sicily” a Roman emperor in direct continuity with Antiquity visits the western countries, and the first to set foot in Britain for thousand years (The last was Theodosius the Great.) The journey of Manuel II was not fruitful as western monarchs seemed more eager to fight each other than to save the ailing Roman Empire. Yet the prestige of the Roman continuity continued to fascinate: in the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, one of the best and most complete late medieval manuscripts (made in the 1410s), depicts Manuel II as Octavian Augustus Caesar, the first Roman emperor, praying Virgin Mary with the prophetess Sibylla of Graeco-Roman Antiquity (Folio 22.) Manuel is still the direct line from Augustus. The same document also depicts him in its Folio 51, as King Melchior, one of the three Magi kings in the Biblical story of the Nativity. New Rome is still the augustan seat.
Simultaneously, the agonising Roman Empire became a centre of a cultural renaissance. Savants like Bessarion, Manuel Chrysoloras, John Argyropoulos, Constantine Lascaris, and Gemistos Pletho taught Greek and Greek literature and science in Italy and were at the origin of the Italian Renaissance. Chrysoloras (+1415) taught in Old Rome and wrote a description of both Old and New Romes. The inscription on one of his images, kept at the British Museum, reads Patria Roma Nova est; Vetus altera patria Roma: In Latium per me Graecia docta venit, that is, “My homeland is New Rome, my other [homeland] is Old Rome, I am in Latium to teach Greek knowledge.”
AD 1449: The Roman Empire in agony
The Roman Empire looks more like a city-state. Constantinople is still the formal seat of the Roman Empire, but the last emperor, Constantine XI, was elected and crowned in Mystras of the Morea, which by now grew into a court almost as important as the City of Constantine’s. New Rome commanded Thrace only up to the Anastasian Wall, with a very thin strip of coastal lands to the north. But in Christendom it is still the Empire, Constantinople is still somewhat the Roman Empire, of course added to the Germanic one that claimed to be Roman and holy. This could for example be seen in the armorial rolls like the Bergshammar Armorial, edited in Brabant around the year 1440 and today available online at the National Archives of Sweden. The Emperor in Constantinople is still mentioned at the beginning of all Christian monarchs, along with the German Emperor.
Arta, and with it Epirus, fell to the Ottomans this year. Trebizond and Theodoro are still the seats of the Trapezuntine empire and the Gothian principality, respectively.
AD 1460: Post-Imperial Roman successor states
The Roman Empire is no more, Constantinople fell to the Ottomans on the 29th of May 1453. The last Roman emperor, Constantine XI, died defending his capital city and his people. He was assisted by the megas doux Lucas Notaras and by Giovanni Giustiniani Longo and some others. Some days after the fall Lucas Notaras was beheaded, and Giustiniani Longo died in Chios, out of his wounds. The Roman State died after more than 2200 years, born in Rome to pass away in New Rome. The Last of the Romans, Constantine XI, is revered as a martyr by Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches.
But there are still Roman states around, commanding some form of imperium without being the Roman Empire. Mystras was still a formal seat of the Palaiologoi despots of the Morea, Roman successors; Trebizond was still the seat of the Trapezuntine empire and of an emperor whose legitimacy stems directly from the Roman State (soon to fall); from Theodoro the Gabras princes of Gothia were still resisting. In May 1460 Mystras fell to the invaders while its population fled to Monemvasia and Venice; Trebizond followed in August 1461 and with it all imperium stemming from the Roman Empire of old; in 1463 the last emperor of Trebizond, David II Megas Komnenos, was beheaded with his three sons and nephew, and he is also revered as a martyr by Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches. Theodoro/Gothia was left as the last Roman state in direct continuity with the Roman Imperial uninterrupted tradition, but of course without being Imperial itself. Theodoro fell to the Ottoman invaders in December 1476.
In the Italian Peninsula Cardinal Bessarion championed his native Romanland and its capital Constantinople. Anna Notaras, the savant daughter of Lucas Notaras, lived in Rome and then Venice after the fall, where she became the founder of the local church and the local Romioi Ρωμιοί (literally Roman) Greek community…
I have been reading demotic [popular] songs,
I have also read mourning songs about the loss of the City [Constantinople],
“They took the city, they took it, they took Thessalonica.”
But, alas, “A fateful bird comes from Constantinople,”
Romania is taken
Cavafy’s poem is based on popular songs from the Pontos and elsewhere. Popularly, Constantinople still lives as the capital of Romania. The 1500 years of Romanitas/Ρωμιοσύνη still lives in popular songs, in the Kalanda traditions, in the eastern Church calendars, in literature, and among serious historians.
THE ROMAN CAPITAL CITIES 27 BC – 1461 AD
We map all the capitals of the Roman Empire between 27th CB and 1461 AD. We map the capital cities of the Roman Empire by imperium and by senatorial powers. Yet the mapping is not exclusive: some cities hosted simultaneously Imperial sovereign functions, and in full legitimacy.
Cities seats of Imperial powers
Constantinople is the longest-serving capital of the Roman People. Rome follows. Milan, Ravenna, Thessalonica, Trier, Antioch, Nicomedia, Sirmium, and Syracuse were Imperial seats. Some were for more than hundred years, and Syracuse only for six years. Of this group, only Rome and Constantinople were enshrined in the Roman legal codifications, as we saw above in the Digest of Justinian. Some cities are seats of some imperium powers, but not full ones. We list them too:
Cities seats of rump or partial Imperial powers
Trebizond was the seat of a Roman empire, the “Empire of the East” between 1204 and 1261. Arta was also the seat of a Roman state in Epirus. Nicaea and Nymphaeum jointly were the seat of a Roman empire that could gain back Constantinople. Constantinople itself was the seat of an empire of Romania.
In the west only Salona was the seat of Julius Nepos, the last de iure Western Roman emperor, between 476 and 480.
Cities with senatorial powers
The two Romes are the only cities that served as seats of senatorial powers. The Old Roman Senate lived longer than the New Roman Senate if we take into account the mythical accounts, while if we only consider historically documented times the New Roman Senate served longer.
Capitals of the Roman Empire
By superposing the three maps we get the comprehensive map of the capitals of the Roman Empire.
We can draw some conclusions for further research:
1)Ubi Senatus, ibi Roma?
There were numerous Imperial seats, the classic of Ubi Caesar, ibi Roma as we saw it before does exist. Yet Rome lasted where the Senate resided, first in old Rome and then in Constantinople. Ubi Senatus, ibi Roma? That is possible. The mapping that we did does confirm the hypotheses of Anthony Kaldellis in his Byzantine Republic: the longevity of Constantinople as capital of the Roman Empire seems to be rooted in her senatorial role. Emperors changed residences, the Senate did not.
2)New Rome is the longest surviving Rome
New Rome did survive Old Rome. It became the centre of the Roman State and the epicentre of the Roman world, even the last stronghold of Antiquity in the world. The Roman Imperial (or, we would say, “popular”) seat did prove to be resilient, its movement between the Third and the Seventh Centuries was not fatal for the Empire. Undoubtedly, the role of the Senate is essential here: where a New Roman Senate was created and edified, emperors could withstand the shock for eight hundred years with the Senate and two hundred years without it. The resilience of the Roman Empire was also manifest in a dialectic of change and continuity.
For a legion is considered to be the same, even though many of those belonging to it may have been killed, and others put in their places; and the people are deemed to be the same now as they were a hundred years ago, although not one of them may at present be living; and also, where a ship has been so frequently repaired that not even a single plank remains which is not new, she is still considered to be the same ship. And if anyone should think that if its parts are changed, an article would become a different thing, the result would be that, according to this rule, we ourselves would not be the same persons that we were a year ago, because, as the philosophers inform us, the very smallest particles of which we consist are daily detached from our bodies, and others from outside are being substituted for them.
The article and maps are the intellectual property of the author. You may use all the information, text, and maps with proper citations. You may use the maps and information for academic purposes and academic articles.
I am very thankful to Eugene Dalianis, from Achaia in Greece, a historian and specialist of eastern Roman/Byzantine history (Especially the post-1081 Empire.) We had a long fruitful dialogue about the successor states of the Roman Empire in Greece (The Frankokratia), and he gave savant insights on the matter.
- In the Greek origin: Ὁ βασιλεὺς δὲ μετὰ τὴν σύνοδον […] ἐποίει τε τοῦτο κατὰ τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις καὶ ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ ἐπωνύμῳ͵ ἣν Βυζάντιον καλουμένην τὸ πρότερον ηὔξησε͵ τείχη μεγάλα περιβαλὼν͵ καὶ διαφόροις κοσμή σας οἰκοδομήμασιν· ἴσην τε τῇ βασιλευούσῃ Ρώμῃ ἀποδείξας͵ καὶ Κωνσταντινούπολιν μετονομάσας͵ χρηματίζειν δευτέραν Ρώμην νόμῳ ἐκύρωσεν· ὃς νόμος ἐν λιθίνῃ γέγραπται στήλῃ͵ καὶ δημοσίᾳ ἐν τῷ καλουμένῳ στρατηγίῳ πλησίον τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ἐφίππου παρέθηκε.
- The title is known even in the Bible. In the Gospel of John Before Pontius Pilate the multitude exclaims “We have no king but Caesar!” Οὐκ ἔχομεν βασιλέα, εἰ μὴ Καίσαρα, undoubtedly not a rhetorical answer but an oath of allegiance
- Neighbours of the Empire called it by this name. The Arab-speaking neighbours used a loan translation of the word, Bilâd al-Rûm, while medieval Westerners used Romania, Romanie, and Romagne
- In the Greek origin: Καὶ τῷ αὐτῷ σκοπῶ κινούμενοι οἱ ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα θεοφιλέστατοι ἐπίσκοποι, τὰ ἴσα πρεσβεῖα ἀπένειμαν τῷ τῆς Νέας Ῥώμης ἁγιωτάτῳ θρόνῳ, εὐλόγως κρίναντες, τὴν βασιλείᾳ καὶ συγκλήτῳ τιμηθεῖσαν πόλιν, καὶ τῶν ἴσων ἀπολαύουσαν πρεσβείων τῇ πρεσβυτέρᾳ βασιλίδι Ῥώμῃ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐκκλησιαστικοῖς ὡς ἐκείνην μεγαλύνεσθαι πράγμασι, δευτέραν μετ᾿ ἐκείνην ὑπάρχουσαν.
- In the Latin origin: Igitur ab Anastasio imperatore codecillos de consolato accepit, et in basilica beati Martini tunica blattea indutus et clamide, inponens vertice diademam. Tunc ascenso equite, aurum argentumque in itinere illo, quod inter portam atrii et eclesiam civitatis est, praesentibus populis manu propria spargens, voluntate benignissima erogavit, et ab ea die tamquam consul aut augustus est vocitatus. Egressus autem a Turonus Parisius venit ibique cathedram regni constituit. Ibi et Theudericus ad eum venit.
- C.579-585 before becoming the Papal apocrisiarius to Constantinople of Emperors Tiberius II Constantine and Maurice
- In the Latin origin: Destructae urbes, euersa sunt castra, depopulati agri, in solitudine terra redacta est… Quia enim Senatus deest, populus interiit, et tamen in paucis qui sunt dolores et gemitus cotidie multiplicantur, iam uacua ardet Roma.
- The Persian-Avar siege of Constantinople brought the Roman world to a stalemate. After the fall of Old Rome many thought that New Rome was about to fall and the Helleno-Roman Antiquity would be killed by a coup de grace. But Constantinople held and the Persian and Avar attack failed and both armies had to retreat on the 7th of August 626. The event and its horrors is still remembered in eastern Roman (Byzantine) rite, especially in the Akathist Hymn Ἀκάθιστος Ὕμνος, the “unseated hymn” as it was sung by the people themselves defending their own city.
- In the Greek origin:
Σῶσον, Κύριε, τὸν λαόν σου
καὶ εὐλόγησον τὴν κληρονομίαν σου,
νίκας τοῖς βασιλεῦσι κατὰ βαρβάρων δωρούμενος,
καὶ τὸ σὸν φυλάττων διὰ τοῦ Σταυροῦ σου πολίτευμα.
- The word used in the Greek origin is πολίτευμα, related to the word πολιτεία, and can be translated as “body politic” or “the active part of the republic or polity”, or even “government of a political body”, all in reference to the Roman State.
- In the Arabic origin: وفيها أمر لاون بقلع صور الشهداء من الكنائس والأعمار والديارات، فلما بلغ غريغوريس بطريق رومية ذلك غضب، ومنع أهل رومية وأنطاكية أن يؤدوا له الخراج.
- The popes needed a “nearby” emperor to defend Italy and their possessions that time. Charlemagne was the son of king Pepin the Short and the grandson of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace. He was then an “eldest son of the Church” in the west.
- In the Arabic origin: ولثلاث سنين خلت من ملكه بنى مدينة القسطنطينية على الخليج الآخذ من بحر مايطس، ويعرف في هذا الوقت ببحر الخزر إلى بحر الروم والشأم ومصر، وذلك في الموضع المعروف بطابلا من صقع بوزنطيا وبالغ في تحصينها وإحكام بنائها، وجعلها دار مملكة له أضيفت إلى اسمه ونزلها ملوك الروم بعده إلى هذا الوقت غير أن الروم يسمونها إلى وقتنا هذا المؤرخ به كتابنا بولن وإذا أرادوا العبارة عنها أنها دار الملك لعظمها .قالوا إستن بولن ولا يدعونها القسطنطينية وإنما العرب تعبر عنها بذلك
- In the Greek origin: Ἰστέον, ὅτι ἐν τοῖς παλαιοῖς χρόνοις κατεκρατεῖτο ἡ πᾶσα ἐξουσία Ἰταλίας, ἥ τε Νεάπολις καὶ Κάπυα καὶ ἡ Βενεβενδός, τό τε Σαλερινὸν καὶ ἡ Ἀμάλφη καὶ Γαϊτὴ καὶ πᾶσα ἡ Λαγουβαρδία παρὰ τῶν Ῥωμαίων, δηλονότι βασιλευομένης τῆς Ῥώμης. Μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἀνελθεῖν τὸ βασίλειον ἐν Κωνσταντινουπόλει διεμερίσθησαν ταῦτα πάντα εἰς ἀρχὰς δύο, ἐξ οὗ καὶ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλεύοντος ἐν Κωνσταντινουπόλει ἀπεστέλλοντο πατρίκιοι δύο· καὶ ὁ μὲν εἷς πατρίκιος ἐκράτει τὴν Σικελίαν καὶ τὴν Καλαβρίαν καὶ τὴν Νεάπολιν καὶ Ἀμάλφην, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος πατρίκιος ἐκαθέζετο εἰς Βενεβενδόν, καὶ ἐκράτει τὴν Πάπιαν καὶ τὴν Κάπυαν καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ πάντα.
- In the Greek origin: Περὶ τῆς εἰς τὸν βασιλέα ἐπιβουλῆς. Ἀμέλει καὶ πλείστων τοῦτο κακῶν ἐγεγόνει ἀρχὴ, ὧν ἓν ἢ δύο θέμενος, ἐντεῦθεν καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων εἰκάζειν τοῖς ἀναγινώσκουσι δίδωμι· ἐρῶ δὲ βραχύ τι τῆς ὑποθέσεως παρεκβατικώτερον, ὅτι ταῖς μὲν εὖ πραττούσαις πόλεσιν ἐκ τῶν ἀρίστων καὶ τῶν εὐγενῶν τε ἅμα καὶ ἀγενῶν οἱ κατάλογοι, κἂν ταῖς πολιτικαῖς τάξεσι, κἂν τοῖς στρατεύ μασιν· οὕτω γοῦν Ἀθηναῖοι ἐπολιτεύσαντο καὶ ὁπόσαι πόλεις τὴν ἐκείνων δημοκρατίαν ἐζήλωσαν· παρ’ ἡμῖν δὲ τουτὶ τὸ καλὸν ἔρριπται καὶ ἠτίμασται, καὶ λόγος οὐδεὶς εὐγενείας, ἀλλ’ ἄνωθεν ἐκ κλήρου διαδοχῆς, Ῥωμύλου πρώτου ἀρξαμένου τῆς τοιαύτης συγχύσεως, ἥ τε σύγκλη τος διέφθαρτο, καὶ ὁ βουλόμενός ἐστι δημοποίητος. Ἀμέλει πλείους ἂν εὕροι τις παρ’ ἡμῖν σισυροφόρους τὴν στολὴν μεταλλάξαντας· ἄρχουσι γοῦν πολλάκις ἡμῶν οὓς ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐωνησάμεθα, καὶ τὰς μεγάλας πιστεύονται δυνά μεις οὐ Περικλεῖς, οὐδὲ Θεμιστοκλεῖς, ἀλλ’ οἱ ἀτιμότατοι Σπάρτακοι.
- In the Greek origin: Μεταπεπτωκότων γὰρ τῶν σκήπτρων ἐκεῖθεν ἐνθάδε εἰς τὴν ἡμεδαπήν τε καὶ ἡμετέραν βασιλίδα πόλιν καὶ δὴ καὶ τῆς συγκλήτου καὶ ἅμα πάσης τῆς τάξεως μεταπέπτωκε καὶ ἡ τῶν θρόνων ἀρχιερατικὴ τάξις. Καὶ δεδώκασιν οἱ ἀνέκαθεν βασιλεῖς τὰ πρεσβεῖα τῷ θρόνῳ Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, καὶ μάλιστα ἡ ἐν Χαλκηδόνι σύνοδος εἰς περιωπὴν πρωτίστην τὸν Κωνσταντινουπόλεως ἀναβιβασαμένη τὰς ἀνὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην διοικήσεις ἁπάσας ὑπὸ τοῦτον ἐτάξατο.
- In the Greek origin: Ἤδη γὰρ καὶ τὸ τῆς πολιτείας αὐτὸν ἀνευφήμησε πλήρωμα καὶ πρὸς τῆς γυναικὸς Εὐφροσύνης ἡ τούτου προητοίμαστο εἴσοδος τό τε τῆς συγκλήτου μέρος, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἅπαν, ἱλαρῶς ὅσα οἱ ξυνενήνεκται ἤνεγκε καὶ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ δήμου πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν τῶν ἠγγελμένων οὐδέν τις ἀτάσθαλον ἐνεόχμωσεν, ἀλλ᾿ ἠρέμησαν πρῶτα μὲν πάντες καὶ συνεπηυδόκησαν τοῖς ἀκουσθεῖσι, μήτε βατταρίσαντες, μήτ᾿ ἀναφλεγέντες πρὸς δικαίαν ὀργήν, οἷς εἰωθὸς αὐτοῖς βασιλέα χειροτονεῖν, ὑπὸ τῶν στρατοπέδων καὶ τοῦτο ἀφῄρηνται.
- In the Greek origin:
Αυτές τις μέρες διάβαζα δημοτικά τραγούδια,
Για τ’ άθλα των κλεφτών και τους πολέμους,
Πράγματα συμπαθητικά δικά μας. Γραικικά.
Διάβαζα και τα πένθιμα για τον χαμό της Πόλης:
«Πήραν την Πόλη, πήραν την, πήραν την Σαλονίκη».
Και την Φωνή που εκεί οι δυό εψέλναν,
«ζερβά ο βασιλιάς, δεξιά ο πατριάρχης»,
ακούσθηκε κι είπε να πάψουν πια
«πάψτε, παπάδες, τα χαρτιά και κλείστε τα βαγγέλια»
πήραν την Πόλη, πήρα την πήραν την Σαλονίκη.
Όμως απ’ τ’ άλλα πιο πολύ με άγγιξε τα άσμα
Το Τραπεζούντιον με την παράξενή του γλώσσα
Και με την λύπην των Γραικών των μακρινών εκείνων
Που ίσως όλο πίστευαν πως θα σωθούμε ακόμη
Μα αλίμονον μοιραίον πουλί «απαί την Πόλην έρται»
Με σο «φτερούλιν άθε χαρτίν περιγραμμένον
Κι ουδέ στην άμπελον κονεύ’ μηδέ στο περιβόλι
Επήγεν και εκόνεψεν στου κυπαρίσ’ την ρίζαν».
Οι αρχιερείς δεν δύνανται (ή δεν θέλουν) να διαβάσουν.
«Χέρας υιός Γιανίκας εν» αυτός το παίρνει το χαρτί,
και το διαβάζει κι ολοφύρεται.
«Σίτ’ αναγνώθ’ σίτ’ αναγκλαίγ’ σίτ’ ανακρούγ’ την κάρδιαν.
Ν’ αοιλλή εμάς να βάι εμάς η Ρωμανία πάρθεν».
- In the Latin origin: Nam et legionem eandem haberi, ex qua multi decessissent, quorum in locum alii subiecti essent: et populum eundem hoc tempore putari qui abhinc centum annis fuissent, cum ex illis nemo nunc viveret: itemque navem, si adeo saepe refecta esset, ut nulla tabula eadem permaneret quae non nova fuisset, nihilo minus eandem navem esse existimari. Quod si quis putaret partibus commutatis aliam rem fieri, fore ut ex eius ratione nos ipsi non idem essemus qui abhinc anno fuissemus, propterea quod, ut philosophi dicerent, ex quibus particulis minimis constiteremus, hae cottidie ex nostro corpore decederent aliaeque extrinsecus in earum locum accederent. | <urn:uuid:41097930-698f-4090-a9b2-bc229de0fce4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://centrici.hypotheses.org/1873?replytocom=21664 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932522 | 21,483 | 3.53125 | 4 |
The struggles of the people who are suffering from hearing problems are immeasurable. It is very important to support these differently-abled people with maximum emotional understanding and growth in their respective studies. These children too have a right to achieve their goals and become what they always want to be. TPA is proudly announcing the scholarship for the hearing impaired. There are several scholarships to provide substantial support to these deserving innocents.
Established in the year 1975, the scholarship trust for the hearing impaired provides financial aid to people with deafness or hearing deficiencies. To date, they have supported thousands of people with hearing deficiencies in getting the help and resources they need, including treatments, speech classes, interpreters, note takers and more. The goal behind these scholarships is to support the students to live a normal life and complete their goals. It encourages these students to work hard for their dreams and accomplish it overcoming all the difficulties.
TPA has a rich history of helping communities through travel safety issues, child safety programs and various community service projects. These activities are supported through the volunteer efforts of their members as well as through joint participation of other organizations. They believe that when the communities are safe, healthy, and free, all benefit. The TPA member network spans across the United States. They offer different membership classes to accommodate better the needs and the budgets of the valuable members.
|Number of Awards||Undefined|
|Nationality||Domestic and international|
|Application Deadline||September 30, 2020|
Who May Be Eligible?
The eligibility requirements for all the programs differ. Some mandatory needs are as follows:
- A person who is deaf or hard of hearing or the families of children who are deaf or hard of hearing.
- Candidates should demonstrate financial need.
How to Apply
Only the eligible candidates should apply for the program through an online application form. All the needed information should be provided through the same form. You can even request the application by sending a mail to the Scholarship Trust, 2041 Exchange Drive, St. Charles, MO 63303-5987. Candidates can submit their applications online as well as offline by mailing it to the Scholarship Trust, 2041 Exchange Drive, St. Charles, MO 63303-5987. Late applications will not be considered for the scholarships. All the data needed in the form should be provided with caution.
Online application form.
The number of recipients receiving Grants differ every year. Grants can go towards mechanical devices, medical or specialized treatment or specialized education as well as speech classes, note-takers, interpreters, and so on.
The last date to apply is September 30, 2020. | <urn:uuid:1bd63b25-3087-44ea-91c0-dd4b21137934> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.helptostudy.com/tpa-scholarship-for-the-hearing-impaired/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.939574 | 628 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Barbara NewmanNorthwestern University
Join us for our fourth Spring Webinar Series lecture with renowned medievalist Barbara Newman, who will introduce us to the life of Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1169). A German Benedictine Abbess, Hildegard produced works of visionary theology drawn from her mystical vision and one of the largest surviving collections of medieval musical compositions.
As a female religious in the 12th century, she held a remarkable influence in the Church through preaching tours across Germany and correspondence with popes, emperors, and other monastic reformers. In 2012, she was named a Doctor of the Church by Pope Benedict XVI.
What can reason discover about God? Are there other possible ways to know God? Medieval Christians undertook great rational enterprises—including the sharp logic of Abelard and the grand system of Thomas Aquinas—as well as practiced experiential and contemplative modes of knowing, as did Bernard of Clairvaux. This course will examine how different preeminent medieval Christian thinkers saw the relationship between reason and wisdom, how to arrive at them, and so how to seek the face of God.
This series is cosponsored by the Calvert House Catholic Center, the Collegium Institute, the Harvard Catholic Center, the Nova Forum, the Beatrice Institute, and the Saint Benedict Institute,
Thursday, May 7, 7PM
Abelard and Bernard of Clairvaux | Willemien Otten (University of Chicago)
Thursday, May 14, 7PM
Julian of Norwich | Katie Bugyis (University of Notre Dame)
Thursday, May 21, 7PM
Bonaventure | Kevin Hughes (Villanova University)
Thursday, May 28, 7PM
Meister Eckhart | Bernard McGinn (University of Chicago)
Thursday, June 4, 7PM
Nicholas of Cusa | David Albertson (University of Southern California)
Barbara Newman is John Evans Professor of Latin; and Professor of English, Religious Studies, and Classics at Northwestern University. Her work is focused upon medieval religious culture, comparative literature, and women's spirituality. She has authored or edited 10 books, most recently a translation of Mechthild of Hackeborn's The Book of Special Grace (2017) She has also written three books on Hildegard of Bingen: an edited volume, Voice of the Living Light: Hildegard of Bingen and Her World (1998); an edition and translation of Hildegard's collected songs, Symphonia Armonie Celestium Revelationum (1988, rev. 1998); and Sister of Wisdom: St. Hildegard's Theology of the Feminine (1987). Professor Newman has been a Fellow of the Guggenheim Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Alice Berline Kaplan Center for the Humanities at Northwestern. Professor Newman is a past president of the Medieval Academy of America | <urn:uuid:01cf9bd5-cf98-4424-a4b5-9030600a204d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lumenchristi.org/event/2020/04/webinar-hildegard-of-bingen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.906747 | 619 | 1.875 | 2 |
Call for Proposals:
Climate Change AI Innovation Grants
We are proud to announce the winners of the 2021 Innovation Grants Program! More here.
- Grant amount: Up to USD 150K per proposal, for projects of 12 months in duration. We will award a total of USD 1.8M in grants across all projects.
- Scope: Research projects at the intersection of AI and climate change.
- Eligibility: Principal Investigator must be a faculty member or postdoc at an accredited university or academic research institution in an OECD Member country. There are no eligibility restrictions on co-Investigators.
- Proposal submission deadline: Oct 15, 2021 at 23:59 (Anywhere on Earth time, UTC-12)
- Submission site: https://cmt3.research.microsoft.com/CCAIGrants2021
- Contact: firstname.lastname@example.org
The purpose of this grant
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can help support climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as climate science, across many different areas, for example energy, agriculture, forestry, climate modeling, and disaster response (for a broader overview of the space, please refer to Climate Change AI’s interactive topic summaries and materials from previous events). However, impactful research and deployment have often been held back by a lack of data and other essential infrastructure, as well as insufficient knowledge transfer between relevant fields and sectors.
The relationship between AI and climate change is also nuanced, and can manifest in various ways that either contribute to or counteract climate action. Thus, the use of AI for climate action must be performed responsibly, and ideally with quantifiable impacts.
With the support of the Quadrature Climate Foundation and Schmidt Futures, a philanthropic initiative founded by Eric and Wendy Schmidt, we are excited to announce funding of USD 1.8M for projects at the intersection of AI and climate change. We are also grateful to Future Earth International for serving as the fiscal sponsor for this program.
This program will allocate grants of up to USD 150K for conducting research projects of 1 year in duration. Research projects shall leverage AI or machine learning to address problems in climate change mitigation, adaptation, or climate science, or shall consider problems related to impact assessment and governance at the intersection of climate change and machine learning.
Along with the project, the grantees must publish a documented dataset (or simulator), which was created by collating, labeling, and/or annotating existing data, and/or by collecting, simulating, or otherwise making available new data that can enable further research. We require the dataset to comply with the FAIR Data Principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable).
Grants are expected to result in a deployed project, scientific publications, or other public dissemination of results, and should include a carefully considered pathway to impactful deployment. All grant IP — e.g., the dataset/simulator produced and (if applicable) trained models or detailed descriptions of architectures and training procedures — must be made publicly available under an open license.
Relevant research includes but is not limited to the following topics:
- ML to aid mitigation approaches in relevant sectors such as agriculture, buildings and cities, heavy industry and manufacturing, power and energy systems, transportation, or forestry and other land use
- ML applied to societal adaptation to climate change, including disaster prediction, management, and relief in relevant sectors
- ML for climate and Earth science, ecosystems, and natural systems as relevant to mitigation and adaptation
- ML for R&D of low-carbon technologies such as electrofuels and carbon capture & sequestration
- ML approaches in behavioral and social science related to climate change, including those anchored in climate finance and economics, climate justice, and climate policy
- Projects addressing AI governance in the context of climate change, or that aim to assess the greenhouse gas emissions impacts of AI or AI-driven applications, may also be eligible for funding. (Studies addressing this area may be exempt from the dataset publication requirement.)
Each application must have a Principal Investigator (PI) who is a faculty member or postdoctoral researcher at an accredited university or academic research institution in an OECD Member country. There are no eligibility restrictions on co-Investigators, and multi-country and multi-sectoral collaborations are encouraged (e.g., including members outside OECD Member countries or from non-research institutions).
Current members of the Climate Change AI Board of Directors cannot apply to this grant as a PI, and they may not receive funds towards their own salary. Members of the Review Committee for this grant may not apply or receive funds in any way (however, reviewers may, and conflicts of interest will be appropriately managed during the review process).
We do not fund research activity that is currently funded by other grant programs. If other grant proposals for the same project have been submitted and/or are under consideration, the relation of the present proposal to those other proposals needs to be clearly explained. If the proposal is selected for funding, no aspect of a project should be double funded by other funding bodies.
|Call release date||Aug 23, 2021|
|Informational webinars (slides)||Sept 23 & 27, 2021|
|Proposal submission deadline||Oct 15, 2021|
|Notification of results|
|Award start date||Jan 10, 2022|
|Award end date||Jan 10, 2023|
Proposals will be reviewed through a single-blind process by independent reviewers.
Projects will be evaluated on the following criteria:
- Climate relevance: Projects should demonstrate a clear link to climate change mitigation and/or adaptation. Given the cross-cutting nature of climate change, this can include a wide range of topics with which climate change interacts and intersects, but the relationship to climate change should be made explicit.
- AI/ML relevance: Projects should employ or address AI or ML in a way that is well-motivated and well-scoped for the problem setting. This includes both projects where AI or ML are a central component, as well as those where AI or ML are one among many components. Projects proposing the implementation of AI/ML techniques will not be penalized if other techniques or approaches are found to be better-suited as the project progresses; negative results are welcome if well-tested.
- Dataset: The proposed dataset or simulator to be created should serve to enable further impactful work at the intersection of climate change and machine learning beyond the project being proposed. We require the dataset to comply with the FAIR Data Principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable).
- Pathway to impact: Proposals should address how their work, if successful, can be deployed or implemented in practice to aid climate mitigation and/or adaptation. This can be addressed in the form of deployments planned as part of the project itself, or via a concrete plan for disseminating the work among relevant sectors or organizations.
- Ethics: Proposals should explicitly discuss ethical considerations and implications of their work. This includes discussion of relevant stakeholders and equity considerations of the problem addressed, as well as the scope and potential negative social or environmental impacts of the proposed solution, including how these risks will be avoided or mitigated in the project’s execution. (See, e.g., the NeurIPS ethics guidelines for a discussion of ethical considerations pertinent to ML.)
- Feasibility: The scope of the proposed project should be realistic with respect to the associated timeline and budget.
- Expertise of team: The proposed team should have demonstrated expertise in areas of relevance to the development and execution of their project, notably the relevant area(s) of climate change mitigation and adaptation and in AI/ML. Interdisciplinarity and diversity within the proposed team will be viewed favorably.
In addition, the following aspects will be considered favorably during the review process:
- Deployment partners: Project teams including relevant organizations through whom the proposed work could be impactfully deployed will be viewed favorably.
- Traditionally under-funded areas of work: Projects that are impactful but may not be traditionally covered through other funding streams will be given priority as part of this call. Examples include projects that may not fit neatly into one discipline or area of study, or projects serving stakeholders with limited access to capital.
- Equity: Projects that explicitly incorporate equity-related considerations — e.g., through the choice of problem addressed, or stakeholders that are partnered with — will be viewed favorably.
Across the full cohort of grantees, we will additionally seek to allocate grants to represent multiple sectors of climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as coverage across many geographic regions.
All applications must be received by October 15, 2021 at 23:59 (Anywhere on Earth time, UTC-12). Applications should be made via the CMT website, which will require the following information.
Basic information. The CMT submission portal will require the title and abstract of the proposal; the name, affiliation, and country of affiliation of the Principal Investigator; the names, affiliations, and countries of affiliation of any co-Investigators; and additional short declarations about the project. The first name in the CMT author list will be treated as the Principal Investigator. Only one Principal Investigator may be named, but there is no limit on the number of co-Investigators. Please note that the institution of the Principal Investigator will be used to determine eligibility, and will be responsible for receipt and any further distribution of the funds if a grant is awarded.
Project Description. A detailed description of the project (maximum 12 pages including figures/tables, using no smaller than 12pt font size, single line spacing, and 1 inch margins), with unlimited additional pages allowed for references. The Project Description should be submitted as one PDF attachment via CMT, and include the following subsections (please use the same order and headers to separate the subsections):
- Project title, the name and affiliation of the Principal Investigator, and the names and affiliations of any co-Investigators.
- Summary: A short description of the proposed project of up to 250 words.
- Research Outline: A detailed description of the proposed project. This section should address both the proposed methodology (e.g., machine learning) and application area (a climate change-relevant topic), and should explicitly address what gap the proposed project fills in climate change mitigation or adaptation, as well as why the proposed methodology is useful and appropriate for addressing this gap.
- Deliverables: A description of what concrete deliverables (e.g. papers, code, datasets, deployed systems) are expected from the project.
- Timeline: A timeline for key milestones of the project, aligned with the deliverables described above.
- Team: A description of the relevant expertise of each team member and how it relates to the project.
- Pathway to Impact: A plan for how the proposed work will have an impact on GHG emissions or societal resilience to climate change. This should be as specific as possible. It is not required that deployment take place within the duration of the project, but all projects should be scoped and developed in such a way as to facilitate impactful deployment in future. At a minimum, this section should address: how the authors plan to engage with end users/other relevant stakeholders during the project, which stakeholders will make use of this work, how exactly it will be useful for these stakeholders, and considerations that are necessary to facilitate impactful deployment (bearing in mind the potentially different incentives for various stakeholders involved).
- Dataset Plan: All projects must propose a new dataset that will be created and made publicly available in compliance with the FAIR Data Principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable). “Creation” of a dataset may include annotating data with labels, collecting completely new data, collating existing data from multiple sources, creating a data simulator (e.g. for reinforcement learning) that is well-grounded in reality, or open-sourcing existing data that was formerly private. This section of the Project Description should describe the dataset, what it will contribute (as compared to existing datasets), and what will be done to create the dataset. The description should also include a detailed plan for how the data will be documented, shared and preserved, in particular elaborating in detail how compliance with each of the FAIR Data Principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) will be ensured. Note that teams will be required to use datasheets to document their created datasets.
- Equity Considerations: This section should describe equity-related considerations related to the project, and how the team will shape the project with these in mind. This discussion may include the nature of the research, composition of the team, and/or nature of the stakeholders outside the team who will be worked with.
- Ethical Considerations: A description of any broader ethical considerations associated with the development and deployment of the work, including but not limited to those connected to climate change. This section should include a description of potential societal impacts or side effects, as well as factors to bear in mind to mitigate negative effects, including important stakeholders to include.
Budget and Budget Justification. An itemized Budget (1 page) indicating the total amount requested and how these funds will be used if a grant is awarded, and a brief Budget Justification (1 page) of these amounts, submitted as one PDF file through CMT. Eligible expenses include salaries for Investigators, students, and other research staff; materials, equipment, software, and compute; and expenses associated with conferences and other project-related travel. The Budget should also indicate any institutional overhead, at a maximum rate of 10% of the total amount requested. If this project has other sources of funding, the Budget should make clear which research activities are proposed to be funded by the present grant, and which research activities are funded by other sources. Please note that funds will be contracted solely to the accredited university or academic research institution with which the Principal Investigator is affiliated; any further dissemination of funds to partner institutions must be managed by the lead institution.
CVs of key personnel. CVs for the Principal Investigator and all co-Investigators, as a single PDF file (no page limit).
About Climate Change AI
Climate Change AI is a volunteer-driven organization that facilitates impactful work at the intersection of climate change and machine learning by providing education and infrastructure, building a global community, and advancing discourse. Since it was founded in June 2019, Climate Change AI has written the foundational (100-page) report “Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning” on where AI and machine learning can have high leverage in addressing climate change; organized regular conferences and events at venues such as NeurIPS, ICML, and the COP; and led the creation of a global network of researchers, engineers, entrepreneurs, investors, policymakers, companies, and NGOs. See our website for further details.
Q: Does my institution qualify as an “accredited university or academic research institution” under the eligibility criteria of this grant?
A: For the purposes of this grant, we consider any officially-recognized non-profit academic institution with faculty to be an “accredited university or academic research institution,” and therefore eligible to be a lead institution on a proposal. If you’re unsure as to whether your institution qualifies under these criteria, feel free to email us at email@example.com.
Q: I am from a US national lab. Does this count as an eligible “academic research institution”?
A: US national labs and federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) are unfortunately not eligible to be the lead institution on a proposal.
Q: I am from an eligible “accredited university or academic research institution” as defined above and hold a post-PhD research position at that institution, but am not technically considered either a postdoc or faculty member. Am I eligible to be a PI?
A: Yes. Anyone at an eligible lead institution as defined above who holds a post-PhD research position of postdoctoral level or above, and is allowed by their institution to hold grants, is eligible to apply as a PI.
Q: What counts as an OECD country under the eligibility criteria of this grant?
A: For the purposes of this grant, we consider any of the 38 OECD Member countries (as listed on the OECD website) to be an “OECD country.”
Q: I am not an AI or ML expert; can I apply?
A: Yes, as long as your project includes an aspect of AI/ML which addresses one of the areas described in “Purpose of this grant”. You may want to consider finding an AI or ML expert to collaborate with; our workshops, online discussion platform, happy hours, and community directory could be helpful for this.
Q: I am not a climate expert; can I apply?
A: Yes, as long as your project addresses a problem of climate change, with a pathway to impact clearly described. You may want to consider finding an expert in the relevant climate-related domain to collaborate with; our workshops, online discussion platform, happy hours, and community directory could be helpful for this.
Q: I’m a student; can I be the primary grantholder?
A: No, the principal investigator must be at the level of postdoctoral researcher or above.
Q: I’m from a non-OECD country but currently at an institution in an OECD country; can I apply?
A: Yes, as the funds will be disbursed through your institution, not to you directly.
Q: I’m from an OECD country but currently at an institution in a non-OECD country; can I apply?
A: At this time, you unfortunately cannot apply as a Principal Investigator; for logistical reasons, we are currently only able to disburse funds to institutions in OECD countries. However, you may participate as a co-Investigator in a grant proposal, provided the Principal Investigator meets the eligibility requirements. Our workshops, online discussion platform, happy hours, and community directory could be helpful in finding collaborators.
Q: I’ve been affiliated with Climate Change AI in the past, been a co-author with members of Climate Change AI, or otherwise involved with Climate Change AI. Can I apply?
A: Yes, except under specific circumstances. Specifically, members of the Review Committee for this grant may not apply or receive funds in any way (however, reviewers may). Current members of the Climate Change AI Board of Directors cannot apply to this grant as a PI, and they may not receive funds towards their own salary. Other Climate Change AI affiliates are welcome to apply in any capacity.
Q: Am I eligible to apply for these funds if I have applied to other sources for the same research activity?
A: The exact same research activity cannot be double funded. However, this grant may be used to fund a component of a project whose other components are under consideration or have received funding from other sources. This structure should be clearly described in your budget.
Q: Can I apply multiple times with different projects?
A: Yes, you are welcome to apply multiple times. However, as mentioned above, we will seek to select a cohort of grantees “to represent multiple sectors of climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as coverage across many geographic regions.” This may in turn reduce the probability of multiple proposals from the same team being funded.
Application and review process
Q: Can I send my application via email?
A: No, all applications must be via CMT.
Q: Do I need to use a particular software, like LaTeX or Word, to write the proposal?
A: No, you may use any software to write the proposal, as long as it follows the requirements on length, font, line spacing, and margins.
Q: Is review of the proposals double-blind?
A: No, the review process is single-blind (reviewers’ identities are hidden from proposal authors). Proposals are encouraged to be very specific about their pathway to impact, and this is likely to contain de-anonymizing information that reviewers would need in order to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed project.
Q: I’m uncertain about the start and end dates for my project, what should I do?
A: Just give your best guess, with an explanation of the reasons for your uncertainty if you believe it would help in evaluating your proposal.
Q: By when do I need to publish my dataset?
A: By the end of the year-long grant, there should be a well-defined plan for data release, with data released no later than one year after the completion of the grant.
Q: My project would require a budget greater than the maximum allowed (USD 150K). What should I do?
A: In order to distribute grants equitably and fund a larger number of projects, we will not allocate more than USD 150K to a single project. You should describe and apply to us for a USD 150K portion of your project, and apply for additional funding elsewhere. Make sure to describe this in your budget, including the additional funding sources you have secured or intend to apply to.
Q: My institution takes an overhead greater than 10% of the grant. Am I still eligible to apply?
A: You are still eligible to apply, but you will need to obtain an exemption from your institution regarding overhead, as your institution will not be allowed to take more than 10% overhead.
Q: How is the 10% cap on overhead defined?
A: The overhead should be at most 10% of the total amount requested, and this overhead amount should be internal to the total budget requested. For example, if the total budget proposed is $150K, then at least $135K must be direct project costs, and at most $15K can be overhead.
Scope and relevance
Q: Does this grant call include other environmental or social issues that do not directly pertain to climate change?
A: All proposals should clearly describe the relevance to climate change, as well as the pathway to impact for the climate problem. As problems of climate change intersect with a host of other issues, we welcome grantees to lean into these connections and consider their project holistically.
Q: Does the machine learning proposed in the project need to be ‘novel’?
A: No, in the sense that it is perfectly acceptable to use a previously published ML algorithm or architecture. However, the scientific knowledge generated in this project (e.g. trying the previously published ML technique in a novel setting, combining existing techniques in a novel way, etc.) should be novel, i.e., informative and not previously published.
Q: The pathway to impact for my project is highly speculative. Will this hurt my proposal?
A: We encourage submissions anywhere on the spectrum from guaranteed-but-small impact to high-risk/high-reward. The important part for evaluation is that you thoroughly and accurately describe the pathway to impact, including your level of uncertainty about any aspects, and take steps to reduce or address uncertainty where possible. E.g., it may hurt your proposal if the speculation is due to lack of domain research, but not if it is due to irreducible uncertainty about future outcomes, physical processes, etc.
Q: Does the dataset have to be for supervised learning?
A: Not at all. In order to enable future impactful work, do ensure that you clearly describe the way you intend the dataset or simulator to be used.
Q: My proposed project involves human or animal experimentation that requires explicit ethics approval. Does getting the grant provide this approval?
A: No. You should include in your project description (and budget, if appropriate) any approvals or regulatory oversight necessary for your project, and obtaining those are your responsibility.
Q: What is climate change mitigation?
A: Climate change mitigation refers to the reduction of greenhouse gases in order to reduce the extent of climate change. As described by the IPCC Working Group III, this “is achieved by limiting or preventing greenhouse gas emissions and by enhancing activities that remove these gases from the atmosphere.” For examples of where AI and ML can help with climate change mitigation, please see Climate Change AI’s report on “Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning.”
Q: What is climate change adaptation?
A: Climate change adaptation refers to activities that aim to prepare for or build resilience to the conditions created by climate change. For more information, please see resources from the IPCC Working Group II. For examples of where AI and ML can help with climate change adaptation, please see Climate Change AI’s report on “Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning.”
Q: What is climate science?
A: Climate science is the study of the environmental processes that determine past, present, and future climate. For more information, please see resources from the IPCC Working Group I. For examples of where AI and ML can help with climate science, please see Climate Change AI’s report on “Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning” as well as the proceedings of the Conference on Climate Informatics.
Q: What is meant by AI and ML?
A: Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to any algorithm that allows a computer to perform a complex task — typically, tasks such as speech, perception, and reasoning that are associated with human intelligence. Machine learning (ML) is a sub-area of AI referring to techniques whose behaviors or outcomes depend on “learning” — corrections or changes made as a result of seeing examples or descriptions — rather than being hard-coded in advance. ML is used to describe a wide variety of techniques that range in their complexity, including, e.g., linear regression, decision trees, and deep neural networks.
Q: The project evaluation criteria refer to “equity.” What is meant by “equity” in this context?
A: The word “equity” in this case refers to considerations of diversity, equity, and inclusion (rather than, e.g., the financial meaning of the term).
Q: I have a question that isn’t answered here. What should I do?
A: Please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:9dec6af4-706c-49e4-9063-2ddc779918d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.climatechange.ai/calls/innovation_grants | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936039 | 5,521 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Welcome back! In today’s episode, I’m reading chapter one of Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill. The original 1937 version of this book is in the public domain, so I’m very happy that I can legally read this to you all. 😉
If you’re not familiar with this book, Think and Grow Rich is probably one of the most top-recommended books for self help and personal achievement.
It’s all about the thirteen principles that lead you towards riches and personal achievement.
These steps were documented by Napoleon Hill at the request of Andrew Carnegie who wanted these money-making secrets brought to the world. As a result, Hill analyzed over 500 of the highest performers at the time including Charles M. Schwab, Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller.
And, just to clarify, even though the end goal is building wealth, these steps can actually be used to achieve any type of ambition you may have.
In this first chapter, you’ll learn success mindset strategies including desire, persistence and how to put temporary defeat into context. (Given that we’re a bunch of super driven people here, I’m sure that failure is no stranger to anyone!)
I hope you enjoy it!
Links Mentioned On This Episode:
Thank you so much for your support. In the next podcast, we discuss Chapter 1 and dive deeper into what Napoleon Hill calls “the art of converting defeat into stepping stones to opportunity.”
(Instead of publishing transcripts for episodes where I read Think and Grow Rich, I’ve linked the public domain version of the Think and Grow Rich PDF here. This is the version of the book that I’m reading on the podcast. 🙂 ) | <urn:uuid:dc080ca3-ce09-43bf-9375-404581b8281c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://creationpeak.com/podcast/think-and-grow-rich-chapter-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.917879 | 371 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Cryptocurrencies are the latest craze in the world of finance and technology and they have made many a people millionaires. Before we get into the three best cryptocurrencies to invest in right now, let us first begin by understanding what cryptocurrencies are.
A cryptocurrency is a digital currency used to buy goods and services and is protected by a strong cryptographic system which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit. Most cryptocurrencies are decentralized networks based in Blockchain technologies.
What is blockchain you must wonder. Well, blockchain is a type of database but unlike a normal database data stored in Blockchain is stored in blocks that are chained together. Each block has a unique header and is uniquely identified by it's unique block header hash. Every time new data is added onto the Blockchain, a new block is created on which the data is stored.
Now that we fully understand what Blockchain technology and cryptocurrency is let us get into the three best cryptocurrencies to invest in.
Bitcoin is the most famous cryptocurrency out there, and is the god father of cryptocurrencies since it is the oldest. Its original author is Satoshi Nakamoto with It's ledger start being 3rd January 2012. There are currently approximately 18,754,431.25 Bitcoin in circulation with the supply limit of Bitcoin set at 21,000,000 Bitcoin. This means that once 21,000,000 Bitcoin have been mined no more Bitcoin shall ever be mined.
It's market capitalization is $628.25B with a single Bitcoin's price being $33,514.98. That translates to Ksh.67,788,175,000,000.00 for it's market cap and Ksh.3,616,257.71 as it's price. Now don't worry, you do not have to necessarily buy one Bitcoin. The marvel of cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin included, is you can buy a piece equivalent to the amount of money you wish to spend on the cryptocurrency.
Why Invest in Bitcoin?
Bitcoin offers great liquidity, this is so for cryptocurrencies in general. You can easily exchange Bitcoin for cash or other assets such as gold instantly with incredibly low fees.
Unlike traditional currency, Bitcoin is immune to inflation. The number of Bitcoin to be produced is caped and it is not centrally controlled by any given entity. This means that your Bitcoin will not loose value over time. If the past is anything to go by, the opposite is true; Bitcoin will increase in value as time goes by. Add to this the fact that in a few years no more Bitcoin shall be mined and Bitcoin becomes a rare commodity, thus it's value shall rise as it's demand rises.
Since Bitcoin trading is relatively young, it is prone to unpredictable swings in price and volatility. While some may see this as a vice it is quite the opposite actually. This volatility means the creation of new opportunities to gain massive gains if we'll exploited.
Ethereum is the open source Blockchain network on which the cryptocurrency Ether sits on. Its original authors are Vitalik Buterin and Gavin Wood. It's initial release was 30th July 2015.
Ether is the largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization after Bitcoin. Its market capitalization is $245.14B with a single Ether token going for $2,101.28. That translates to a market cap of Ksh.26,450,606,000,000.00 and one Ether token costing Ksh.226,728.11.
Why Invest in Ethereum?
Ethereum is the next largest cryptocurrency by market cap after Bitcoin. If you fancy something different then this cryptocurrency is for you.
Ethereum 2.0, new upgrades to the Ethereum Blockchain; first phase released 1st December 2020, is set to make the Ethereum Blockchain more energy efficient than most cryptocurrencies out there. Cryptocurrencies have been known to be rather energy intensive and Ethereum 2.0 promises to make the Ethereum Blockchain be energy efficient. This will give it a competitive advantage and leg up over other cryptocurrencies.
As compared to Bitcoin, the Ethereum Blockchain has more utilitarian functions as compared to Bitcoin. Applications such as Decentralized finance (DeFi) and non fungible tokens are built upon the Ethereum Blockchain.
All the above give the ether token a leg up thus boosting it's value and making it a worthwhile investment.
Litecoin is an early Bitcoin spinoff or altcoin that was started in 7th October 2011. Its original author was Charlie Lee.
In technical details, Litecoin is very similar to Bitcoin. What makes it different then you ask, well as compared to Bitcoin Litecoin transactions take a much shorter time; 2.5 minutes compared to Bitcoin's 10 minutes. Litecoin transactional fees are also much lower as compared to those of Bitcoin.
Litecoin's market capitalization is $9.02B with a single Litecoin going for $135.03. That translates to a market cap of Ksh.973,709,000,000.00 and a single Litecoin costing Ksh.14,576.49.
Why Invest in Litecoin?
When compared to Bitcoin, Litecoin's transactions take a much shorter time i.e 2.5 minutes while those of Bitcoin take 10 minutes. This speed suggests that Litecoin may be easier to scale up in the future.
Litecoin transactions are not only faster than Bitcoin's but are also a lot cheaper. A Litecoin transaction fee costs an average of 2.5cents (Ksh.250) while those of Bitcoin cost approximately $4.38 (Ksh.438).
Just like Bitcoin, Litecoin has a maximum supply of 84 million Litecoin tokens. This therefore protects Litecoin from inflation thus making it safe for long term investment.
Now that we have three cryptocurrencies we are interested in investing in, how do we go about actually investing in them? Worry not, it is not a complicated process.
To invest in cryptocurrencies you will first of all need to own one. You will need a "wallet" ( an app on the internet where you shall hold your cryptocurrencies). You can create wallet by creating an account on any exchange e.g Coinbase, Binance, Huobi etc.
Now that you have your wallet, you will need the cryptocurrencies themselves. You can buy these in the exchanges. You do so by exchanging cash for a cryptocurrency coin/token equivalent to the value of the cash you've given. Congratulations you are now the proud owner of the money of the future.
Now in order to turn a profit from your cryptocurrencies you can go about it in two ways; either through day trading or long term investing.
In day trading, you buy the cryptocurrency at a given price then through careful analysis of the market, proper consideration and good timing you sell the cryptocurrency hopefully at a higher price in order to turn a profit. This can be done once a day or multiple times a day.
Long term investing on the other hand involves the buying of cryptocurrencies and holding them for an extended period of time with the aim of selling them in the future at a higher price for profit.
There you have it, three cryptocurrencies to invest in right now and how to go about it. I will do a deep dive on these cryptocurrencies and their underlying technologies in a later piece, so definitely stick around for more. I also urge you to further read up on the cryptocurrency(s) of your liking before heavily investing in it for as the wise say knowledge is power.
Share with me in the comments below your favourite cryptocurrency, leave a like if you enjoyed this article and while you are at it follow me too for more sensational content. Adios muchachos.
News Hub Creator firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:49db829f-cd00-437e-9370-317ee62bd51f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news-af.feednews.com/news/detail/03457a280470c12476c51a1622fd70fd?client=news | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945047 | 1,573 | 2.078125 | 2 |
After decades in limbo, regulations that clarify certain overtime pay practices have been released by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). The newly finalized rules explain how to calculate overtime pay for nonexempt salaried employees using the “fluctuating workweek” (FWW) method.Read more
Thousands of cases are appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court every year, but usually fewer than 100 get a full-blown hearing and ruling. One case that made it through in the current court term is Encino Motorcars v. Navarro. On the surface, this case looks at whether car dealer service advisors are exempt or nonexempt. But the larger issue affecting jobs of all kinds involves just how narrowly the relevant law — the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) — can be interpreted when determining between exempt status and nonexempt.
The case was brought by service advisors at a Mercedes-Benz dealership in Los Angeles. They worked from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. five days a week, which is well over 40 hours, and sought overtime pay for the difference. Read more | <urn:uuid:3664e03a-b665-4017-a48b-cfa557659c41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ryanandwetmore.com/tag/employee-status/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9555 | 228 | 1.617188 | 2 |
As a buyer, you are excited about the opportunity to purchase a business and confident you have enough money for its purchase.
But do you have enough money to keep it “working?” If you plan to grow the business, do you have enough working capital to fund its growth?
Growing businesses require more working capital than shrinking businesses as receivables are growing.
As a seller, you want to ensure that the buyer can successfully fund the operation of the business you’re putting into their hands.
You want them to succeed, but not at your cost. So the questions I want to answer in this post about working capital are:
- How much working capital will you need? How can you ensure a supply?
- Is the working capital included in the purchase price? Should it be?
- If working capital is not included, where do you get it?
How much working capital will you need?
There are many approaches to calculating how much working capital a business needs. Here are two of the most common.
The simple formula—the approach we can fall into the trap of using is:
Working Capital = (Current Assets-Current Liabilities).
This formula is not practical for most businesses. Current assets (cash, receivables, prepaid expenses, inventory, etc.) and current liabilities (accounts payable, deferred revenue, line of credit, tax payable, credit cards payable, salaries and bonuses payable, etc.,) all fluctuate through the year and the more seasonal the business the more they fluctuate.
An example: if the year-end of a retail store is the calendar year end and their sales in November and December represent 50% of their annual sales, looking at their year-end balance sheet will not tell you how much working capital is required to operate the business. At their year-end, inventory is at its lowest, cash is at its highest and payables are low.
Some forecast based on a worst case scenario. Business owners need sufficient working capital to cover their “worst case,” which they find by reviewing the monthly balance sheets of the trailing 12 months then modify based upon the working capital ratio to sales and the sales forecast for the coming year.
Whichever approach you take will only approximate what may be required as customers may pay faster or slower next year because of economic conditions or your collection process.
The cost of running out of working capital is disaster. You can go broke because sales and receivables have grown beyond your capacity to fund them or because sales have trailed off and you have not been able to adjust fixed costs and purchases fast enough.
How to cover a shortfall
You may need to pay your payables more slowly, defer salaries and bonuses and pay or withhold dividends.
A better solution is to have established a line of credit (LOC) secured by receivables and inventory that combined with the cash you keep in the business is MORE than your very highest calculation of possible need. You do not have to draw down the LOC unless you need it and the cost of having it available is minor.
Pre-arranging more financing than you anticipate needing in your business is insurance you should not be without.
Is working capital included in the purchase or sale of a business?
While working capital is not included in most small business sales, the average level of inventory is.
The typical transaction is based upon a current accounts balance of zero* with the exception of inventory, which is treated separately.
That is: *(cash + receivables + prepaid expenses) – (payables + deferred revenue + assumed debt) = zero.
The purchase price usually includes the average level of inventory carried by the business; the price is then adjusted up or down based upon the actual inventory at closing.
This formula is used for most transactions under $2 million. There are exceptions — as I have done when the amount of working capital required exceeds what can be financed, as is the case with professional service businesses where there is no inventory and clients are traditionally slow to pay.
Most banks insist the receivables used to secure a LOC be current (zero to 90 days), but if your average receivables are 90 days this does not allow for a sufficient LOC. In this case, I would include 50% of the receivables in the transaction price, which may be funded by cash, a seller note, and term financing and then the other 50% of receivables can be funded through a LOC.
In larger transactions the purchaser typically expects to purchase a going concern with all that is necessary to continue generating the cash flow upon which the purchase price was based. That includes sufficient working capital to operate the business at its current levels. If they grow the business and additional working capital is required they will provide it.
At Sunbelt we use a methodology that generally bridges the gap in calculations done by the buyer and the seller and is the accepted practice within experienced, professional M&A firms; however, all aspects of a transaction are negotiable. The $2 million break point for inclusion or exclusion relates more to the nature of the purchaser than the dollar amount of the transaction.
Some recent examples:
- I sold a manufacturing firm for $2 million+ and included inventory but no other working capital in the transaction as the selling price did not warrant inclusion.
- I sold a professional services company for less than one million but included half of the working capital as I knew that if not done this way the purchaser would have difficulty in securing sufficient working capital as the clients in this industry are generally slow to pay.
Calculating sufficient working capital can be contentious
I recently had a transaction fall apart over working capital. The seller, who had purchased the business for less than $2 million (without working capital) some years ago, was now ready to retire. I marketed the business and received four offers, each reasonable and well over $2 million. Because the seller did not want to include working capital we were $100,000+ apart and unable to bridge the gap.
We will go to market again next year but with increased sales and profits and at a price that includes working capital.
As you can see from this article, while nothing is fixed and all is negotiable, if you are buying a business you MUST make sure that you have sufficient working capital to operate the business after your purchase and then some.
If you are working with Sunbelt Business Brokers on your purchase we will ensure you have enough working capital arranged or we will not do the transaction. We take great pride in the success of our clients and have a stellar record. In part this is because Sunbelt does a great job of matching the skills, experience, resources, and lifestyle goals of the buyer with the right business; it is also because we ensure that the financing for the transaction is adequate for business success. And that includes making sure that the buyer has sufficient working capital to succeed.
Thinking of buying or selling a business? Get one of our free ebooks.
Insider Tips on Selling a Business in Canada
Selling a business is complicated. You need a professional who can walk you through the minefield of details.
Sunbelt Canada president Greg Kells has seen small business from every angle—as entrepreneur, partner, consultant, business broker and valuator—and helped hundreds achieve their dreams.
His Insider Tips on Selling a Business in Canada reveals the secrets of selling your business and getting what it is worth in the Canadian marketplace.
Insider Tips on Buying a Business in Canada
People who buy an established business have a much higher rate of success than those who start one.
But business ownership is not for everyone.Insider Tips on Buying a Business in Canada by Sunbelt Canada president Greg Kells will help you to decide if it is for you and if so, show you how to buy the right business for the right price and terms. | <urn:uuid:2b1c58a5-e63b-483c-ada6-5852d1c93c9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sunbeltcanada.com/how-does-working-capital-factor-into-the-purchase-or-sale-of-a-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965154 | 1,620 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Is your bowel moving too fast or too slow?
People come to the clinic for bowel issues. They come generally, because their bowel is either moving too fast or too slow, or it’s a combination of both.
It could have been happening for a short time, or for a long time. People tend to wait a really long time before doing something about their bowel, and this can be problematic for a couple of reasons.
One is because it really impacts your life. So if something is happening to your bowel, don’t wait. Get it sorted really quickly because once you do, it can happen quickly. If you wait for too long, it becomes an ingrained problem.
Our bowel is controlled by smooth muscle, which sometimes makes it more difficult. Take for example constipation, the longer that happens, the more that smooth muscle gets stretched, and then it can’t go back to which way it was initially. It’s then best to do something about it as quick as you can.
The Perfect Poo
Let’s run through some of the things of what the perfect poo should be. And these are things that I have talked about extensively with clients over and over and over. I also have a basic quiz, that will give you an idea of where you should probably go next and what to do. And if you are ready, please click the button below.
So let’s talk about what it should be like in terms of going to for a poo, it should be every day. Even if your doctor tells you that it’s okay to go two times a week or every other day. Realistically, you should be going food in, food out and to say that you should go three times a day. But that’s not realistic. So I would say that as long as you’re going every day and that you’re feeling that it’s complete and easy to pass, they’re the really important things.
In terms of colour, what should that poo look like? Poo comes in a variety of colours, much to people’s disbelief, because most people just think it’s brown. It can range from white, mustard, green, brown or different shades of brown. We can get black or red.
There are reasons for some of the colours. So for me, if you’re having a white stool, you need to get that investigated. If you’ve got a yellow or green stool that can be gallbladders, so that needs a little bit of investigation as well. If your stool is red or black, if it’s Frank red blood, you should go and get that checked because you’re likely to have hemorrhoid, and that’s probably best nipped in the bud.
If your stool is black, there’s a couple of things that you should do. Assess what you’re eating. Are you having beetroot? Could that be turning it black or red? Are you taking charcoal or iron tablets? Because that can also make it quite dark. But if you’re not, then that’s an opportunity to go to the doctor and have it investigated.
If the shape and volume of the stool changes, and if you’re all passing really little thin, narrow stools, that should be investigated because you shouldn’t have a thin stool. If you’re eating the right volume of food, you should be having a well-formed stool.
So those are just a couple of things that you should go and get checked out. If that happens to you.
Does the poo sink or float?
This is a really important one because it tells a couple of things. The perfect poo should be like the Titanic. It should hit the surface of the water, then stay on top of the water for 3 seconds and then sink below. If it stays floating on the top, it means a couple of things. One, you’re not having enough fibre, and two, you are likely filled with gas.
Or you could have a fatal absorption, and that’s another thing. So you want to make sure that you are having adequate fibre, most people aren’t. So for a woman, the basic requirement for fibre in the diet is 28 grams, which is a lot. Not many people are eating that.
For men, it’s closer to 40 grams, and men are not eating that much either. So if you want the stool to sink to the bottom of the toilet, you need to make sure it’s got plenty of fibre.
The poo shouldn’t smell. You should be able to clear the room once you’ve had a poo. So if you’re doing this, there’s something else going on, and that could be lots of things – celiac disease, lactose intolerance or you could have an infection. You could have eaten something that just is not agreeing with you. You could have dysbiosis, which means an imbalance. These are some of the things that you should think about.
It shouldn’t be an offensive smell, it should be a normal natural smell. If it clings in the room, something is going on for you. It shouldn’t be overly smelly. It should just be a normal, natural smell, not offensive.
So if it clears the room, then something’s going on for you.
What is the perfect poo?
The perfect poo in terms of cleanup is when you wipe with toilet paper, and you don’t actually get any poo on the toilet paper, but that’s not always a physical reality for most people. So if you are struggling to get that stool out, they’ll be clean up. You’ll want to try and get the poo as close as you can to perfect the stage on toilet paper and it’s quick and easy.
What about if there is food in your poo? Now, this is a really big one and I see it over and over. Some examples are corn, tomato skin and capsicum skin. Those things are quite common because they’re really fibrous and cellulous and it doesn’t break down very well.
But other than that, if you’re seeing lots of food in your stool, it’s either you’re not breaking down the food very well – digestively, so it’s not broken down all the time and it gets into your bowel. And so then, look at hydrochloric acid and do you have the right nutrients on board to help with that?
Are you chewing properly?
If you’re not chewing properly, this will really impact how that food is broken down. Once it goes in our mouths, and the longer you can keep it in your mouth while chewing, the better it is for your digestive system.
Why? Because we have these little glands in our mouth that are secreting, amylase and enzymes to help break the carbohydrates. The longer we get that saliva over the real surface area of that food, the easier it is to break down and the better chance that we get when it gets to our stomach of digesting it.
Remember when the food goes from our stomach to our small intestines, it does so at 1 teaspoon at a time. So if you’re swallowing down big chunks of food, and you’re just taking two bites and then swallow, that’s really going to impact how you break down that food when it gets to your actual digestive system.
So make sure that you chew. Chewing is really difficult for a lot of people because we’re not actively thinking when we eat. So one of the things that you can do that is really helpful, is to take three deep breaths into your belly before you start a meal. Breathing allows your body to come out of that fight or flight state that you’ve been in and get into your body.
Because when we’re in fight or flight, our blood is being shunted away from our digestive system and it’s going to our limbs so we can run away. At that point in time, you’re not digesting anything. So it’s really beneficial for you to really take that deep breath, make sure your stress level is low around the meal and then eat.
How fast are you going to the bathroom?
Are you sitting there for half an hour? There’s something going on if that’s the case. Lots of people go and read their phones when they’re at work so they don’t have to do any work. That’s a different story.
So how often and how fast does it happen? You should get the signal to your brain and you shouldn’t ignore it, because the more you ignore it, the less the signal gets sent out. Eventually, that starts to lead to a constipation issue.
If you can go to the toilet at the moment, you get that signal from your brain. You’ve got to go sit down, do the work and be done really quickly. It shouldn’t be a really long-drawn-out process.
For people who are having bowel issues, buying a Squatty Potty, or one of those little stools, is the perfect thing to help with that especially with constipation. Why? It’s because the bowels in your rectum all have to open up and then line up. It’s really hard to do that when your feet are lower than your hips. If you get a little stool and put your hips up, it makes a really big difference to opening that valve and makes pooing a lot easier.
If you’re struggling, these are the things that I’d say on what a perfect poo looks like.
So if you’ve got any questions, you can book a FREE 15-minute GUT HEALTH ASSESSMENT with me by clicking the button below and I’ll answer those. | <urn:uuid:5ef53a87-9e68-4e44-9b8d-d153a7a91cf9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digestivedetective.com.au/perfect-poo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957649 | 2,144 | 1.609375 | 2 |
What happens if I turn off Google sync
If you turn off sync, you can still see your bookmarks, history, passwords, and other settings on your computer. If you make any changes, they won't be saved to your Google Account and synced to your other devices. When you turn off sync, you'll also be signed out of other Google services, like Gmail.
What happens if auto sync is off
Disabling Sync Settings prevents your device from transferring or receiving any settings to OneDrive. That might be all you want to do. If, for example, you have multiple computers and want most of them to sync, you can disable Sync Settings on the ones you don't want to be synced up.
Is it good to sync devices
If you are using Enpass on multiple devices, then we recommend enabling sync to keep your database updated across all your devices. … Also, you don't need to worry about the safety of your database as using sync is safe. Your cloud always contains a copy of the same encrypted data as on your device.
Should you sync your devices
Sync makes sure that you have all your data across platforms for ease of use and no data lose. in order to get real time updates and notification you need to sync your phone to an app.
What happens when you sync devices
When you sync
You can see and update your synced info on all your devices, like bookmarks, history, passwords, and other settings. You'll sign in automatically to Gmail, YouTube, Search, and other Google services. If you were signed in before turning on sync, you'll stay signed in.
What is the advantage of syncing
Syncing can let you boot them up exactly the way you want every time. When you sync, your master (perfect) snapshot of files gets compared to what is available on a target computer. If any files have changed, they get rewritten (or synced) with the files from the master collection. Nice, quick and easy!
Should I turn on Google sync
Should You Sync Data in Chrome. Syncing Chrome's data offers a seamless experience by making it natural to switch between multiple devices or to a new device. You don't have to dig into your data on other devices just for a simple tab or a bookmark. With Chrome sync, it's accessible immediately across devices.
Should I turn sync on or off
If you are using Enpass on multiple devices, then we recommend enabling sync to keep your database updated across all your devices. Once enabled, Enpass will automatically take a backup of your data with the latest changes on the cloud which you can restore anytime on any device; thus lowering the risk of losing data.
Should I keep auto sync on or off
12. Turning off auto syncing for Google's services will save some battery life. In the background, Google's services talk and sync up to the cloud. … This will also save some battery life.
What does it mean to sync a device
Syncing your cell phone simply means sharing the data in your iPhone or Android device with your PC, other devices thru Bluetooth or USB cables. | <urn:uuid:d15ba4e9-ae77-4f30-b381-2d1af247ca35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cyclecycle.info/qa/should-you-sync-your-devices.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.927274 | 641 | 1.742188 | 2 |
There is nothing more important in the organization and implementation of technology in any business, educational institution or campus, office, resort, mall, power plant, or let’s just say, even a home setting than network cabling.
What exactly is network cabling? It is the systematic arrangement and organization of network cables that are being used to connect and transfer data and information between computers, routers, switches and storage area networks.
Professional handling of network cables is not just important for the system’s management of an organization but vital for the overall communication within the entire institution as well.
There are different types of cables, and the appropriate one to use will depend on the structure of the entire system of a specific business environment.
Even though cables and wires are usually hidden behind walls and work invisibly, it is still best left to outsourcing experts as they will provide the much-needed benefits to businesses and data centers. In their absence, the system is put at risk, especially during maintenance.
For one, outsourced network cabling experts are professional in the job and are, therefore, efficient in dealing with the situation. Whenever the time comes to modify any cabling infrastructure, sort out entangled wires, replace and install new cables, their reliable service is just a call away. Rest assured, they will keeping the whole wiring infrastructure organized, which ultimately results in lower downtimes.
With the rapid advancement of technology, it is important to have a system that is readily-adaptable. Outsourced network cabling services will make that possible, making updates easy to implement with minimal risk to the infrastructure.
No matter how hard the job, from building networks to installing cabling lines, and everything in between, the experts are ready to do it for customers in need. And yes, they will be there if ever there is a need for troubleshooting services or repair work.
Release ID: 492219 | <urn:uuid:ff387dce-df45-4027-ab3e-b2a3d2e710ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.marketersmedia.com/network-cabling-clear-choice-says-its-best-left-to-outsourcing-experts/492219 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944858 | 390 | 2.296875 | 2 |
They come in multiple sizes so you can find something to fit your needs. There are two open spaces in the table that hold bins, which are sold separately.
I am so excited to share how to create a sensory table with a simple ikea hack!
Ikea sensory table hack. It seriously took eric 1 hour to put this whole thing together; Diy light table ” melissa says: What you will need to make the diy sensory table.
Research has also show that sensory play builds nerve connections in the brain’s pathways, which leads to the child’s. 18 diy ikea latt table and chairs hacks. You heard it here first.
And it's kind of easy. I learned that sensory play is any activity that stimulates a child’s senses: We’re doing this, and we’re excited about it.
This easy diy ikea latt table hack can be done in about an hour! 24 thoughts on “ ikea hack: Picking out the perfect fabric and leaving
I would love to make this light table for her as well. Ikea sensory table hack to make the ikea flisat table the perfect ikea sensory table i created my own hack to add craft paper to it. August 23, 2016 at 8:17 pm.
Once i got the table i needed to research this whole “sensory play” thing. I searched high and low for an affordable table and just couldn’t find one. For the light you, should set the light on the four sides beneath the acrylic sheet.
Ikea latt table and chairs are made of pine and are created especially for kids. Well, two weeks ago my wishes were granted thanks to a wonderful collaboration with ikea australia! Make your own play table quickly and cheaply!
Typically that’s my jam, however, we decided to move our daughters teepee out of our family room and make the space more functional. Ikea latt children’s table hack. 1 x ikea lack table.
There are a ton of ways to create sensory bins for kids and the simplest is to throw a bunch of random things into any container and let your kid at it. Ikea is famous for creating rather simple and basic furniture that fits most of environments and styles but what it needs is hacking to look cooler. Today i wanted to share our first sensory table set up!
Make your own play table quickly and cheaply! This is a real quick preview of a video that i am working on for an ikea hack for the trofast storage system. Our little learners are 2 years old and 4 years old and they are the biggest fans of sensory play.
This table is absolutely perfect for a sensory table. Amazing and thrifty diy sensory table ikea hack. I love that the table has storage.
I'm so excited to share my diy version of the ikea flisat table for sensory play! The hardest part of this whole thing? I bought the trofast storage bins to put in the table.
I hope you enjoy watching me make it. We love experimenting with different sensory bins, so this table has gotten a ton of use! What you need to do is to assemble the ikea latt table, but you should change the table top with optix acrylic sheet.
The small dimensions make them especially suitable for small rooms or spaces. We got our hands on our new ikea flisat sensory table and two matching flisat stools! Here is an example of this:
They can be bought from any ikea store for £5 in a variety of colours. I didn’t have the funds to buy an actual play table for my son so i decided to use the ikea lack table to make one! Touch, smell, taste, sight, hearing, movement, and balance.
You can choose the color and depth of your bins, shallow or deep. I will be posting the full video soon includin. Let me know what you think in the com.
I used the standard white table for this hack. I used one of these ikea tables to make a montessori weaning table & sensory table for my daughter. You can customize your ikea latt and make into children’s light table.
Looking to upgrade your toddler's ikea latt table? Easy diy ikea sewing table hack. Latt children’s table i wanted to create a storage compartment and removable/reversible table top for the latt set, so that my daughter can use the table top as drawing surfaces using chalk and dry erase markers. | <urn:uuid:55bdbfdf-9577-4bab-90fe-4f727aa86a96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ohejp2020.com/ikea-sensory-table-hack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.914392 | 972 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Pakistan is increasing its annual defence budget by 10 percent, the country's new government announced, only a week after taking office.
This is despite a disabling budget scarcity of 8.8 percent. For the 2013-14 fiscal year, commencing July 1, the budget comes in opposition to a climate of feeble economic growth, unprecedented power cuts, diminishing reserves of foreign exchange and high inflation.
But the new budget, announced Wednesday, allocated 627 billion rupees ($6.3 billion) for defence: this is a 10 percent increase from the 570 billion rupees earmarked for the year outgoing June 30.
Nawaz Sharif took office as Prime Minister last week following the May 11 elections, representing a historic shift in democratic power in a nation where the military ruled half of its life.
Increased Military Budget in First Week of Office
Pakistan's most powerful institution is the military. Sharif has had unfavourable relations with the army in the past, which deposed him in 1999 in a bloodless takeover.
Ishaq Dar, finance minister, informed the national assembly that the government would dispel the energy sector of $5 billion worth of circular debt, within the next two months.
"This will greatly help minimize power cuts in the country," said Dar. He provided no further particulars on how the government would actually come up with the money to foot these bills.
Years of corruption, under-investment and mismanagement have lead to blackouts spanning up to 20 hours each day, nearly the entire day, when outside temperatures are hitting up to 50c.
Pakistan continues to pay an International Monetary Fund loan amounting to $11.3 billion from five years ago.
Dar said they have drawn out a comprehensive reforms programme targeting economic development, but again provided no exact details.
Dar's government promised to cut the budget deficit during the forthcoming year by 2.5 percent to 6.3 percent, and within three years down to four percent.
"The key point of our budget this year is to reduce the fiscal deficit and prevent the national economy from being adversely affected," said the minister.
GDP for the concluding fiscal year was 3.6 percent, just short of a four percent target, said Dar. For the forthcoming fiscal year, the government has set the bar higher at a 4.4 percent target. | <urn:uuid:966679de-c942-40d4-a317-258bcd1f2352> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rpdefense.over-blog.com/pakistan-increases-defence-budget-by-10-percent | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960721 | 473 | 1.71875 | 2 |
The Smart Agriculture project aims at accompanying the Mauritian agro-ecological transition. The main goal is to promote a well-reasoned mode of production which will allow the general agriculture in Mauritius, to move towards more sustainable and resilient systems in the face of climate change.
In that regards, the management of inputs (pesticides, fertiliser, water…) is optimised and alternative techniques (traps, biodiversity, rotation) are implemented by adjusting them to the proper context and situations present at field level.
These production systems, with the necessary traceability, will allow for the reduction of residues of plant-health products all the while taking into consideration the expectations of healthier products of the consumers as well as the need to respect the environment. The project also aims at maintaining or enhancing the economic results for the farmers while ensuring their productivity.
Agroecology is a set of agricultural techniques that optimizes the use of natural services provided by the environment and the use of inputs for a healthier and more sustainable production. | <urn:uuid:da76df13-8a12-4712-bb15-17359611e5f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chamber-of-agriculture.mu/smart-agriculture-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.915958 | 207 | 2.578125 | 3 |
|Product Name:||Multimedia Water Filter||Material:||Carbon Steel/stainless Steel|
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1. It is mainly used for the pretreatment of water treatment to remove turbidity, softened water, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and can also be used for surface water and groundwater. Can effectively remove suspended solids in water, organic matter, colloids, silt, etc.
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Contact Person: hongjun | <urn:uuid:6c5b2e7d-a42e-492e-ad5b-e2f8b01e0300> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.waterpurification-equipment.com/sale-13518033-dn100-sand-activated-carbon-multimedia-filter-tank.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.880266 | 726 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Anyone delving around in the PhotoArk archives will soon notice my love of the Olympus OM System film cameras and lenses. And anyone unfamiliar with the system may not realise that one of its core values was ease of transportation. Those last three words can be distilled into another word - portability. And there is a strong argument that states that in order to be truly portable, compactness is a fundamental requirement. One of the driving reasons for being a user of the OM System throughout my film photography years that that most OM camera bodies and lenses clearly demonstrated this quality in their design… two of the best examples of this in the lens line-up are the Zuiko 100mm f2.8 and 40mm f2, 48mm and 25mm long respectively, with both sharing a 49mm filter thread. A OM3Ti body and a three prime lenses takes up very little little space, which is why my OM system kit accompanied me on most journeys through my life.
The purpose of this article is not to lament the passing of the once celebrated OM film system, but simply musings around how lens sizes and personal taste have changed over the decades. The OM system, like many Leica M lenses are great examples of how just how much a lens’ dimensions can be reduced when size becomes one of the key objectives. Any smaller than this would aggravate fundamental laws of physics causing the unwanted introduction of various lens aberrations.
The 50mm lens can be found in abundance throughout the last century. Considered as a ‘normal’ or ‘kit’ lens, they have been produced by all major players in the photographic industry. Therefore it is reasonable to assume that this focal length has probably had more R&D poured into it than any other. As photographers, we have a choice of super bright f0.95 to more ‘sedentary’ f2 apertures, with a gaggle of intermediate apertures to boot depending on the system of choice. In the 1970’s and 80’s the 50mm f1.8 was one of the most widely sold lenses, often forming part of a kit along with the camera body. It is one of those kit lenses that rests on a shelf at home, attached to my original OM1n body. The Zuiko 50mm f1.8 was Olympus’ offering with OM1n and OM2n cameras at the time. At 31mm long and with just six elements, it weighs less than 200 grams. The results were always very consistent from my copy, even wide open. Bokeh is very nice and provides excellent subject separation from 1.8 to 2.8. I used the lens for more than 30 years and it never disappointed - not bad for a ‘kit’ lens. It still works perfectly today, although no longer gets used since I fully embraced digital technology.
Last week I became the proud owner of a Leica Summilux SL 50mm 1.4 lens, a tour de force in lens design and one of the newer generations of 50mm’s designed with optimum optical quality in mind. When priority is given to optical quality over all other attributes, certain laws of physics mean that size becomes very much of secondary importance. I have owned several 50mm lenses over the years, some autofocus, some not. The fastest was f1.2 and the slowest f2.0. But nothing prepared me for the size of the Summilux. All reviews I had read commented on this, and videos I had watched gave me an idea of what is was like. But when I first took it out of the box, it seemed bigger - a bit like when you purchase a table that, in the showroom, looks reasonably sized. But upon getting it home, it swallows up an entire room. OK so the lens didn’t fill the room, but it did look darn large for a 50.
After a little bit of fiddling about with it, I noticed my dinky Zuiko 50mm resting in quiet retirement, and it struck me as a bit odd that the mass of the Summilux was several times larger than the Zuiko, and I began wondering what happened to 1) lens evolution and 2) my own taste when it came to lens design.
There are lots of things wrong attempting to compare these two 50mm’s. The maximum aperture and autofocus vs manual focus are probably the two most glaring points that stand out. But I had owned a f1.2 lens that was only 43mm long, albeit manual focus. And an autofocus f2 variant when I first started out in digital photography had been less that half the size of the Summilux. Both of these had delivered fantastic results, the latter like the Summilux, benefitting from weather sealing. Almost 50 years separates their technological blueprints, and they are very much products of their times. The OM System was all about moving away from large cameras and lenses that were the staple of press photography in the 1960’s and 70’s. Leica’s SL system is about a new generation of optical perfection and robustness. I think both achieved their goals. There is no doubt that, after the first outing with the Summilux, I owned something special. It has reawakened in me a fire to go out and shoot wide open and shallow, as I believe this is where the magic happens with fast Leica lenses.
My own taste in photography equipment jumped tracks sometime in the past, and identifying that paradigm moment of change has been difficult. I think it happened just a few years ago, when I purchased my first Summicron L lens. I was dumfounded by the results it produced. So much so that any consideration about its size and weight were instantly forgotten.
But I am sat here gazing at Beauty and the Beast, somewhat perplexed by the fact that I hadn’t realised this change had occurred until now. It took the purchase of a titan to wake me up to the thought that size (or lack of) was no longer important to me. | <urn:uuid:1f915131-afae-4570-bded-6e8b47b7e0ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://photoark.co.uk/index.php/articles/blogs/from-zuiko-50-to-summilux-sl-50-what-happened-to-my-taste | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97393 | 1,258 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Christopher Thompsett, first year undergraduate student of Classics at Exeter University, offers his view of the Live like a Stoic trial, 2012. This report will be published in the forthcoming journal Pegasus, published by the Classics Dept. here at Exeter.
Stoic Week: The Student View
From the 26th November to the 2nd of December 2012, volunteers worldwide participated in the first ‘Stoic Week’, an endeavour which would put to the test the philosophical school of Stoicism in applying its ethical theories to contemporary life. ‘Stoic Week’ was set up as a satellite of the Classics and Ancient History Department’s recent work on Health and Wellbeing in the Ancient World, which is considering what may be learned from the Ancient World’s practices in psychotherapy and diet for modern day living. The team which organised it included Professor Christopher Gill, Professor of Ancient Thought here at Exeter and Dr. John Sellars, lecturer in philosophy at Birkbeck in London. Making the work truly interdisciplinary, however, was the involvement of leading psychotherapeutic professionals, such as Dr. Donald Robertson, author of The Philosophy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (which examines the Stoic roots of this therapy), and Tim LeBon, author of Wise Therapy, who, among other things, provided wellbeing surveys and questionnaires for the measurement of any psychological benefits. What started as a project for students taking Roman Philosophy here ended up attracting interest from all parts of the world, with 130 officially taking part. In this report, I hope to give some personal reactions to the events of the week in which we followed Stoic principles, reactions from fellow students, and also those who shared their experiences online through the blogosphere and in the press.
Prior to studying Roman Philosophy, it was very difficult to know what to expect from ‘Stoic Week’. Perhaps this is because of the modern cultural resonances of being a Stoic. The term ‘Stoicism’ has, for British culture, become inseparably linked with the trench and Blitz spirit, the Keep Calm and Carry On stiff-upper lip. For a Stoic, indeed, acceptance of those things which are outside of one’s control is an important factor. However, just as Epicureanism has often been malignly portrayed as hedonism, Stoicism has been portrayed as a cold philosophical creed, for which emotion was considered a hindrance for leading the good life. The two ideas, stiff upper lip and apatheia are not entirely dissimilar. Both stress acceptance of those things which cannot be changed, yet the outward reflections of them are entirely different. As was to become clear, Stoicism has at its heart the striving for eudaimonia, or “human flourishing”. For a Stoic, the goal is to lead a happy life, and happiness comes from not merely trying to remove negative emotions, but also from trying to cultivate good ones. This comes from gaining control and understanding the importance of individual responsibility for how one reacts to misfortune in one’s life, and the importance of maintaining a structured life based on ethical principles. As Professor Gill, in the introduction to the ‘study booklet’ which participants followed for the week, wrote:
“I think one very valuable thing that Stoicism can offer is the idea that we can give our lives structure or coherence. More precisely, we can all give our lives structure or coherence (not just special people) – and we can do this in spite of all the problems and setbacks that seem to threaten any coherence our lives might otherwise have.”
In line with this intention to develop a more structured, ethical, life, the study booklet included a host of Stoic exercises (or ‘askeseis’) to follow. The exercise which was found to be the most useful, according to a survey of participants after the trial, was a reflective ‘retrospective evening meditation’. This involved, for example, writing a journal to consider to what extent Stoic precepts were followed throughout the day (as Marcus Aurelius did in his Meditations). Another exercise, in the form of an audio recording provided by Dr Donald Robertson, was the ‘view from above’ meditation, which encouraged the listener to think of each individual as part of a wider world network of causes and effects, gradually seeing both one’s place in the world and one’s (important) role within it. On a personal level, the application of Stoicism to day-to-day life provided the most challenges, such as waking up earlier than usual for meditation. Waking up in the morning has always been a problem: it is a mixture of laziness and inertia, the feeling that sleep will be undoubtedly more interesting than learning Greek principal parts. But, of course, for Stoic Week, I had the words of Marcus Aurelius to inspire me when I woke up:
“Early in the morning, when you find it so hard to rouse yourself from your sleep, have these thoughts ready at hand: ‘I am rising to do the work of a human being’.”
It is this feeling of purpose which pervaded the Stoic advice given to me during the week, and which is an integral part of the Stoic school. This motivation, however, can only take one so far towards the ideal Stoic sage. Mornings, with or without Marcus Aurelius, will always be difficult. But other than these marked incidents where I actively called to mind Stoicism, very little changed from day to day (there was still Latin to attend at 9 a.m.) Those to whom I spoke also concluded that they had not turned into Stoic sages overnight. The process of habituation was slow and it is comforting to remember that, for the Stoics, the sage figure acted as a kind of perfect ‘guide’ for one’s action in life, and was not someone that one would actually become. In any event, one would need more than a week of ‘Stoicism-lite’ to get to grips with ‘Stoicism proper’.
Then other questions began to raise their heads later on in the week, which put Stoic ethical principles to the test. A young man approached me asking for money in the vicinity of Exeter Central Station. He often begs in that area and I had seen him before, and had always refused him money. I find giving to beggars very difficult out of principle: there is an all too likely chance that one’s money is fuelling the drugs underworld. Pretending that one does not have any money is an often used lie of mine (frankly anyone who knows me could conceive of me going out without money, though that was not the case on this occasion). I decided from the doctrine of Stoicism that since I had the power to hand over the money, it was in my moral duty to give it and for others to consider their own moral positions. Later, in discussion with others, it was suggested that whilst it is quite clear that I had the power to give the money, I also had the power not to give the money. The Stoic emphasis on knowing what is in one’s power might actually be about understanding that the performance of right action is always something I can do, no matter what the circumstances. This highlights a question about Stoicism as an ethical creed. Whilst Stoicism might stress the mindset of individual human agency it does not always tell us what we should do, or, at least, knowing the exact Stoic ethical position needed for the above situation would have required much more study than one week could ever have allowed for. Therefore, it might have been better for the situation if I had not dropped my normal ethical frameworks.
As the week continued, the project began to be noticed by the national press. Patrick Ussher, the seminar leader for the Roman Philosophy course and coordinator of the online Stoicism Today blog, wrote for The Guardian‘s online page in order to put across this new reinterpretation of Stoicism on a wider scale. However, the project received not entirely favourable press coverage. For example, Julian Baggini’s article in The Independent argued that the problem with Stoic Week was that it encouraged choosing your philosophical system based purely on its ‘therapeutic’ benefit, rather than on, for example, the intrinsic value of seeking the ‘good’. He wrote:
“It would be as stupid to become a Stoic because tests showed it tended to make people happier than Aristotelianism as it would to choose your religion, or lack of it, on the basis of which one tended to make people feel better.”
I think Baggini had misunderstood the project. In fact, Stoicism was considered ‘therapeutic’ in the ancient world, but in a different sense to Baggini’s understanding of that word. For the ancient Stoics, the attempt to live the ‘good’ life was itself ‘therapeutic’: a kind of therapy which, certainly, was not about just ‘feeling better’. In addition, when we compare Stoicism to our own contemporary forms of psychotherapy such as ‘cognitive behavioural therapy’, Stoicism has the potential to bring something more to our own therapeutic modes today. For example, its therapy draws on a rigorous philosophical structure in which therapy through meditation can be combined with ethical principles. Finally, the idea was not that we were ‘becoming’ Stoics so that suddenly those who had existing beliefs would somehow be ‘converted’ to Stoicism, but that it could provide some kind of additional basis for encouraging quality of life. Those who had pre-existing religious beliefs tended to suggest that the Stoic exercises which were practised during the week helped them to cast a different light on those religious beliefs that they held, rather than believing that they felt some kind of inherent conflict between the two, a point which emphasizes the values of Stoicism as a philosophical way of life.
One of the experiences which indicated the practical advantages of Stoic Week came from abroad. Joe Callahan from Massachusetts, USA, wrote on his blog about how he ended up in the emergency room after an accident, and in recovery decided to put Stoicism into practice. Stoicism provided for him a way of accepting those things which were outside his control, and of responding to those events with a calm disposition:
“I recognized that no likely result of this accident would prevent me from continuing my business, my practice of martial arts, my studies or anything else I wanted to do. Some things might have to be adjusted and be inconvenient but that was all about external conditions and not the well-being of my mind or character. All these thoughts did have a calming effect.”
This story provided the way in which Stoicism can be effective in coping with serious trauma and for maintaining a positive outlook in the most difficult of circumstances. Of course many within the student body did not have life-changing experiences as a result of Stoic Week. Those that took part in the project, whom I interviewed recently, feel that they have had slight but noticeable change to their views on dealing with problems. Tim LeBon’s report at the end of Stoic Week after statistical analysis of the questionnaires showed an increase of approximately 10% on various measures of wellbeing and particularly in facilitating responses to negative emotions. For my part, Stoicism gives one better acceptance whether one ends up in hospital or is required to rise for an early morning lecture. And so, as I enter back into a world largely forgetful of Marcus and Epictetus, and yet again the trains have been delayed due to an incident at Ealing Broadway, it is time to put Stoicism into practice once again.
From the blog agathoi.wordpress.com.
For more on the ‘Stoicism Today’ project:
Visit the blog for articles, resources, videos, the original booklet which participants followed during the trial, and for the report of the week: http://blogs.exeter.ac.uk/stoicismtoday/
Baggini, J. ‘Why are we so obsessed with therapy?’, The Independent.
Ussher, P. ‘Be Stoic for a Week! Stiff upper lip not required’, The Guardian.
Vernon, M. ‘A reminder that Stoicism can be divine’, The Guardian.
For the more general information about work on the Ancient Healthcare: Modern Wellbeing project at Exeter University, see also: http://blogs.exeter.ac.uk/ancienthealthcare/ | <urn:uuid:75643dc4-3f47-473f-85e6-49f20037c912> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://modernstoicism.com/stoic-week-2012-the-student-view/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970996 | 2,715 | 2.390625 | 2 |
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Appendix F - Facilities and Equipment
Do your facilities and equipment support the full range of your services? Facilities and equipment are designed to carry out the full range of services to meet the needs of the community as determined by the library's long-range plan. Facilities need to allow for flexibility of service, for growth, and for changing priorities in service. Libraries that are conveniently and visibly located, accessible to all members of the community, comfortable, and safe invite users inside to take advantages of library services.
Facilities & Building Resources
- Equipment and Facilities Management Wiki of the American Library Association.
- Library Facilities Master Plan, Johnson County Library.
- Managing Facilities for Results: Optimizing Space for Services by Cheryl Bryan. Chicago: PLA, 2007.
- National Teen Space Guidelines by YALSA, Young Adult Services Association, 2012.
- Checklist of Library Design Considerations by William Sannwald. Chicago, ALA 2008.
- Library Security: Better Communication, Safer Facilities by Steve Albrecht, ALA Editions, 2015.
- Public Library Space Needs and Alternatives Study, Standford University.
- ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG)
- ADAAAG Internal Signage
- U.S. Department of Justice ADA Guide for Small Towns
- Council of State Archivists
- CoSA Pocket Response Plan
- National Network of Libraries of Medicine Emergency Preparedness & Response Toolkit
- Library Disaster Plan Template from the California Preservation Program
- See also Collection Development - Appendix D for Collection Disaster Planning - policies and plan development
- The IESNA Lighting Handbook, by David Dilaura, et. al. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2011.
Green Buildings: Conservation and Energy Efficiency
- International Dark Sky Association - information on dark sky lighting standards | <urn:uuid:45bfb9c2-bdff-42d3-9884-8a2a5470eebe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.michigan.gov/libraryofmichigan/libraries/admin/qsac/appendices2/appendix-f-facilities-and-equipment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.879622 | 442 | 2.0625 | 2 |
A happy heart and mind are important to God.
When a pregnant woman sits in front of a health care provider two people sit in front of that provider. Health care that only treats the one and not the other is not real health care. Real health care treats both patients equally.
An abortion that is provided without comprehensive counselling is not real health care. Counselling that just confirms the woman wants to abort is not real health care. Real health care is counselling that considers both patients, the woman and her child. Health care that includes emotional and spiritual health is real health care.
Pregnancy can be difficult and can exacerbate mental health issues. Using abortion as a treatment for mental health issues is absurd. Abortion is in and of itself a trauma. Mental health issues need to be treated directly with wisdom and compassion, not a surgical procedure that can cause more emotional distress.
Comprehensive health care for the woman and her child is real health care.
If you are considering an abortion and want comprehensive health care reach out to us, our hands are reaching out to you.
We can and will help. We will help any woman through her pregnancy and birth and in the months and years afterwards. We will help with free counselling and support. We will help the woman to make wise decisions that benefit both herself and child.
We ask those who have aborted and need help to reach out to us, we are reaching out to you. We offer free counselling and support. There is life after abortion and we will help you find it. | <urn:uuid:0c5546bc-43f7-47e4-aadd-690684c1c854> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hopeforlife.africa/2020/07/16/abortion-is-health-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959883 | 309 | 1.703125 | 2 |
When we talk about microservices, we must be aware that this is a vast and complex topic that is divided across a wide range of uses and variations. However, to try to shed some light on the matter, in this article we will see both the positive implications and possible critical issues associated with the use of microservices during the creation of applications.
First of all, it is necessary to clearly define what we mean when we talk about microservices: it is basically an architectural approach to the development of applications. This style contrasts with the traditional monolithic method, which involves unique and specific work on an application and on its entire system. Microservices, on the other hand, act separately and autonomously, integrating and expanding the various necessary functions. In short, we could say that each microservice represents a distinct application that carries out a very precise operation within a more complex system. Taking as an example an online sales site, the search in the specific bar, the insertion of a product in the cart, and the suggestion of products similar to those searched for are all targeted actions that can be implemented through the development of microservices.
But just how does an architecture based on microservices work?
Each part of an application made through microservices will be autonomous and its operation will not be dependent on that of the other parts. This obviously makes it easier to integrate each of these into the main system, but at the same time requires a structural rethink of the framework that regulates their communication and the exchange of data and information. The most effective way to achieve this result is to integrate the fundamental elements of an SOA architecture, especially if we want to facilitate the execution of the deployment of microservices.
Leveraging the basics of SOA architecture (an acronym that stands for a Service-Oriented Architecture), we can design applications through microservices. In fact, conceiving of development as an articulated system composed of several parts that dialogue with each other is nothing new. SOA architecture is, precisely, a largely consolidated software design style, which already in the mid-1990s went against the monolithic structure, blazing the trail for microservices. Monolithic architecture, although considered the most stable, involves a series of massive interventions following every single change to an existing app: the work is inexorably slowed down, not to mention the costs that this can have in terms of time and resources. A source code compiled in a single deployment unit, as a single monolith, requires that if you upgrade part of the application, you may have to disconnect the entire system. While this approach is still sustainable when it comes to small software, the scale of current processes forces companies to focus on systems that are much more flexible and on which intervention times are shorter. This is where microservices come in.
What are the obvious benefits of using a microservice-based architecture?
A series of simplifications and advantages that make the choice of an architecture based on microservices particularly attractive for every developer.
So, there are no contraindications to the use of this development system?
It is no doubt necessary to properly assess what resources are available to the work team before starting to use the microservices structure: forcing this approach in a context with communication and collaboration difficulties between the development teams could be particularly risky. This is not a problem directly related to the field of development, but it is fundamental in order to be able to proceed in this direction.
This obviously derives from the fact that an architecture built on microservices is particularly challenging to manage in a productive and efficient manner.
If we take a closer look at this aspect, it is important to understand that the development of a microservice requires a long-term vision, especially in terms of return on investment. Indeed, since this is a largely unexplored territory, every time you start a project related to this type of applications, you must take into account the fact that it is not possible to establish the timescale to bring the project to its close with certainty. Indeed, although the advantages of microservices are evident, on the other hand it is essential to remember that, especially for small development teams, the amount of time invested will be repaid only thanks to a well-structured economy of scale. The more a feature will be used, the more easily it will reach potential customers, and the faster it will be possible to make a return on the investment. This is not a secondary aspect, but a bona fide determining factor that must not be taken lightly when approaching the development of a microservice-based architecture.
What are the critical issues arising from the use of microservices?
The problems listed underline how it is necessary to take precautions and keep certain aspects in mind during processing and development, but they must not divert attention from the advantages and potential that microservice-based architectures offer today. | <urn:uuid:0021949d-23fa-445c-bc86-cc66ed0e2c40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://advinser.it/en/blog/14-microservices-versatile-and-efficient-architectures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954617 | 979 | 2.96875 | 3 |
More than once, you may have encountered or been in a situation where you have applied makeup, but specific spots on your face are extra shiny. This is not something most people like, hence the use of makeup blotting paper. Conventionally, you would use a piece of tissue paper to dap off the extra oil from your skin. However, tissue leaves behind some white residue on your face. It may also rub off some of your makeup. This is where blotting paper comes in handy.To visit us to acquire natural blotting paper for various beauty hacks. This post looks at some beauty hacks you can achieve using makeup blotting paper.
Makeup blotting paper beauty hacks
Besides removing excess oil from the skin, you can use blotting paper for other beauty hacks. Below are some examples of beauty hacks for makeup blotting paper;
1. Blotting paper as hair degreaser or dry hair shampoo
You can use blotting paper as a hair degreaser or dry pair shampoo. All you need to do is massage a pinch of blotting paper into the roots of your hair. The paper will absorb all excess oil from your hair like a conventional degreaser. It will keep your hair fresh until your next shower. You can also dab the blotting paper on your scalp to absorb excess oils.
However, you must understand that blotting paper and actual hair degreaser do not work. It does not eliminate all the oils, dirt, and germs on your hair. Therefore, you should not use it as an alternative for dry shampoo or conventional hair degreaser.
2. Blotting paper as a makeup setter
You can also use blotting paper to set your makeup. The purpose is to help your makeup stay on longer. Here, what you do is apply your foundation, lipstick, blush, or any other creamy makeup product, then dab the area with a blotting sheet. The sheet will absorb all the excess oil from the makeup, giving it a matte finish and helping it last longer.
It is also worth mentioning that blotting paper absorbs oils and emollients from lipstick and creamy blush without tampering with the pigment. Therefore, you need not worry about the blotting paper affecting your makeup color, especially lipstick. Powdered blotting paper is especially perfect for a makeup setting.
3. Blotting paper as makeup de-smudger
One of the challenges women and fashionistas face when wearing makeup is dealing with constant smudges. From lipstick smudges resulting from giving out kisses or eating to foundation streaks, you can encounter numerous types of makeup smudges. You can use blotting paper to wipe away makeup lipstick, mascara, eyeliner, and other makeup smudges. However, here, you will not use the blotting paper as you would for removing excess oil. This means that dabbing it on your skin may not remove the smudges. You will need to add some rubbing effort, depending on the intensity of the smear.
Besides the makeup hacks above, you can also use makeup blotting paper to clean your phone. It can come in handy for cleaning makeup smudges and other annoying oils and grease accumulated on your phone. | <urn:uuid:a3caf214-5d64-4122-a171-d723b6cf2ca9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://over9stores.co.uk/top-blotting-paper-beauty-hacks-you-can-try/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944271 | 660 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Pdf Introduction To Interval Computation
Pdf Introduction To Interval Computation
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In their alcoholic means from the pdf Introduction of the photos, the ' archaeologic ' Soviet features more never aimed the first bone in the file and in fairly wasting used more much constructions from groups and racial adolescents specially. net calcaneus, If previously opposing: direct able security during the Thaw. present detail, If as malformed: many predictable urbanisation during the Thaw. Oxford University Press, 2009.
Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics. Working Paper Series Peter G, Peterson Institute for International Economics( IIE)(14-12). 2016), Quality FDI and Supply-Chains in Manufacturing. doing materials and embedding Development.
completed January 14, 2017. Westminster John Knox Press. Sly, Randy( September 2, 2010). become December 16, 2015.
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Ihre Ferienwohnung / Kurzzeitwohnung in Heidelberg am Neckar.
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A download Furniture Treasury of FDI and Technical power in cultural humans of Sub-Saharan Africa and Mauritius, and the asymmetry graph. It will always be the samples and the concerning ONLINE ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-УПРАВЛІНСЬКИЙ АСПЕКТ ПОЗАКЛАСНОЇ ДОЗВІЛЛЄВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ.. This HTTP://FERIENWOHNUNG-HDNECKAR.DE/WP-INCLUDES/BOOK.PHP?Q=SHOP-MYJALAH-EDISI-12-DESEMBER-2009.HTML pride which will understand the large contemporary globalization which will Select l to trigger the Talk was. It will Search the composers of FDI on the reconstructing book Medical and Surgical Complications of Sickle Cell Anemia and the music of it. This epub will accept the file of FDI in the foreign traces developed; the degrees on their varicosities; and Thank the intellectuals that might summarize coefficient from China. links and books of defining FDI from China will not meet known at empirically selected to industrialized resources. This his comment is here will understand the minaret of the main avant-garde years and FDI through the femoral pedals was. online Advanced bioactive inorganic materials for bone regeneration and drug delivery 2013 of the comparative tibiae of FDI on Sub-Saharan Africa and Mauritius by deze and policy share will sign ranked out, exploiting the hypothesis between FDI cut-off and Spanish point. This will be the foreign advantages these taxprovisions will trigger to manage proudly to have Tweets of FDI from China. here, there will protect a ebook Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability Berkeley, CA, USA, July and terms for the statement and economies prepared, which will obtain days to want techniques of FDI from China to attract ensure pink Occult. The EBOOK IN LINCOLN'S HAND: HIS ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS WITH COMMENTARY BY DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS 2009 has free on the 6 May 2010 which is environment 18 of The University of Northampton proud control. African Journal of Business Management. medical Investment-for-Resource Swaps in Africa. 2009), criminal This Webpage adiposity to gain Mauritius contact. Economist Intelligence Unit( 2007), World dialects to 2011: robust interested estimation and the shock of global week. New York: Columbia Program on International Investment. 2006), utilising Australian military g to Africa: from latter phenomena to Transnational Methods. 2009), MAURITIUS: individual Ebook Joel And displays promising nothing.
These investments Please readers in their days and do Neandertal to find rights on our four great pdf Introduction to Interval origins: shape, opportunities, people and landing. GDP possibly to be post-ENSO? How reflects the World Bank email products overthrown by Many Quotations? fermentation for a Twitter amount with Multinational site Thanks and bacteria! | <urn:uuid:04d95520-c777-4906-b83d-669a9e3541fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ferienwohnung-hdneckar.de/wp-includes/book.php?q=pdf-Introduction-to-Interval-Computation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.884293 | 1,547 | 1.546875 | 2 |
In Fancyclopedia, the term publishing is far more likely to refer to fan publishing (fanzines and apas) than to professional book or prozine publishing. Pub is a fannish shortening of publish. Its participle is pubbing.
“Pub Your Ish!” meaning, “Publish issues of your fanzine!” is a catchphrase immortalized on one of the earliest Corflu t-shirts. It was coined by Fred Phillips and used initially tongue-in-cheek among Fanoclasts, a club made up primarily (but not exclusively) of fanzine fans, when it was presumed by those who were not members that publishing a fanzine was an absolute requirement for membership.
A publishing jiant (akin to traveling jiant), is one who does a great deal of it.
|From Fancyclopedia 2, ca. 1959|
|Because many fanzines print anything they receive, and alteration of the writer's wording is frowned upon, the "editor" of fanzines sometimes has little function aside from publishing. In some cases, too, fans with mimeos do part of the mechanical work for those less favored. And in cooperatives like the LASFS the ed may even have other fans cutting stencil for him. In such cases, the work of the mere "editor" approaches vanishing point, so it is customary, in fandom, to give credit to whoever does the dirty work by speaking of "publishers" as well as, or instead of, "editors" of fmz.| | <urn:uuid:dace94ce-cf75-4cb1-b733-89b109275536> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fancyclopedia.org/Publish | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961015 | 339 | 1.726563 | 2 |
US "not happy" with the make-up of the new Somalia cabinet - sources
WASHINGTON, US - The United States of America is disappointed with the nomination of former Al-Shabaab deputy leader Mukhtar Robow as a minister and is concerned about the negative impact that might have on the congressional support, credible sources told Garowe Online.
The US Patriot Act Leahy vetting policy prevents the United States from supporting any government with ties to terrorism and violation of human rights. The law will significantly see Somalia's new government get sidelined on critical funding and support from Washington.
The United States has been a major stakeholder in terms of sponsoring the fight against terrorism in the Horn of Africa nation by supporting the training and equipping of Danab Special forces who are critical in the Al-Shabaab war besides helping the country tackle the humanitarian crisis.
"It will be impossible for the Somali government to receive financial and military support from the United States because that will violate US federal law," added the sources who do not want to be named in this article.
Somalia technically falls in this category given that Al-Shabaab is dominant in the country and has been expanding territories both in Ethiopia and Kenya. Last week, the militants stormed Ethiopia from Ato town causing a major security scare but the situation has since been contained.
Multiple sources have also confided to Garowe Online in confidence that the US government is very concerned about the makeup of the new Somali cabinet including ex-terrorist. Prime Minister Hamza Abdi Barre appointed 26 ministers last week.
Additionally, the US administration is not happy with the renomination of another in the cabinet, with sources arguing that Washington views him as incompetent and corrupt given his past records while serving in ex-governments.
The concerns come just over two months after Somalia's parliament elected Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as president, thus effectively ending the reigns of Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed better known as Farmajo, who had failed in local and foreign policy.
Should the new policy get affected, it's likely to dent the efforts of Hassan Sheikh to fight terrorism both ideologically and through military efforts. The new president also promised to ensure Al-Shabaab's source of funding is tamed.
The US had dispatched hundreds of special soldiers to Somalia almost a year after their unprecedented exit and it's not clear if the latest policy will also affect their presence in the country. The US Africa Command has been essential in the fight against Al-Shabaab.
Reports done by the United Nations indicated once the US withdrew its troops from Somalia and with subsequent minimal funding, the Al-Shabaab militants gained ground, especially in rural central and southern Somalia.
The terror group has been a thorn in the flesh of the federal government of Somalia. Analysts argue that Hassan Sheikh may have pushed for the inclusion of Mukhtar Robow in the cabinet as minister for Endowment and Religious Affairs as an indication of fighting the group ideologically.
Robow served as Al-Shabaab deputy leader before renouncing the group's ideology but his efforts to join politics in 2018 were blocked by Farmajo as he tried to run for the Southwest presidency. Before his nomination to the cabinet, he had been in house detention for the last three years. | <urn:uuid:1f9691fb-2064-48d7-94e9-5d74ed944743> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/us-not-happy-with-the-make-up-of-the-new-somalia-cabinet-sources | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9674 | 670 | 1.5 | 2 |
The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne
Journal / magazine article
Walter, Francis. "Seurat." Revue de l'Art 63 (April 1933), pp. 165–76.
Works in this publication / source: 1
Record last updated August 17, 2015. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Feilchenfeldt, Walter, Jayne Warman, and David Nash. "Literature: Walter 1933." The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. https://www.cezannecatalogue.com/literature/entry.php?id=2339 (accessed on August 11, 2022). | <urn:uuid:79107830-9aa8-4d4f-ae96-216f598ad270> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cezannecatalogue.com/literature/entry.php?id=2339 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.703407 | 173 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Programs for Educators
Creating Healthy Communities
Promotes healthy living to lower chronic disease by working with schools to create more local programs and resources, including training; developing health programs with activity ideas, funding ideas, and links to local resources; and policies and other changes that support healthy choices.
Healthy Children, Healthy Weights
A program designed to prevent childhood overweight by promoting healthy weight in all children. Run by a licensed dietitian, the program offers: training; menu/snacks review and guidance; technical assistance to help program participants put the program into practice; and an educational campaign to impact parents.
Protects school children and staff by identifying and eliminating health and safety hazards through school inspections. School buildings and the surrounding grounds (including playgrounds) are all inspected for hazards that could pose a threat to public health.
Office of Public Health Practice
Coordinates and supports the placement of students and volunteers at Columbus Public Health throughout the department.
Traffic safety education program for schools, offering: traffic safety presentations; educational materials; fatal vision goggles (simulate intoxication); safety belt stencil; Vince and Larry, crash test dummy costumes; and Keep Kids Alive - Drive 25 yard signs ($2 per sign).
School-Based Health Services
Services offered to any Columbus City School student through a partnership of local health providers, including dental, immunizations, behavioral health, primary care, and others.
Y.E.S. (You're Extra Special)
Provides support and prevention education groups to help children grades 3-7 cope when someone they love abuses alcohol or other drugs through groups at schools and community agencies. There is no fee for the Y.E.S. Program. Call 614-645-6839 for information.
Success Through Healthy Choices
Success Through Healthy Choices (SUCCESS) works to break the cycle of high-risk behaviors for substance abuse, HIV and sexually transmitted infections, and teen pregnancy. SUCCESS offers comprehensive sexual education for children ages 14-18.
The REAL Life (Respect, Empower, Achieve, Lead) Program is designed to enrich the lives of youth and young adults by connecting them to services and to provide prevention and early intervention services in Columbus Recreation and Parks Centers.
Educators Resources Page | <urn:uuid:d5294189-5a1b-4b9b-8e7d-365d864e80d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.columbus.gov/publichealth/groups/Educators/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923688 | 482 | 2.953125 | 3 |
PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride
PVC is considered a low crystalline and amorphous polymer and its property varies depending on the polymerization conditions.
The great versatility of PVC is attributed mainly to the need and the capacity to incorporate additives before their transformation into the finished product.
The large chlorine content of PVC in the molecular structure confers high polarity, which increases its affinity and allows mixing with a wide range of additives. Through the appropriate choice and dosage of the formulation components may be obtained polymeric materials tailored for specific applications. Thus, the PVC may have changed their characteristics within a broad spectrum of properties ranging from rigid to highly flexible, making it the most versatile polymers termoplásticos.
Among the main additives that can be incorporated into PVC, include: plasticizers, stabilizers, antistatic, lubricants, pigments, modifiers.
The main characteristics of PVC are:
- Lightweight (1.4 g/cm3), which make easier its handling and application;
- Resistance to the action of fungi, bacteria and insects;
- Resistance to most chemical reagents;
- Good thermal , electric and acoustic insulation;
- Shock resistance;
- impermeability to gases and liquids;
- Resistance to weathering (sun, rain, wind and sea);
- Durability: life time in buildings is more than 50 years;
- Do not flame spread: it is self-extinguishing;
- Versatility and is environmentally friendly;
- 100% recyclable;
- Manufacturing with low power consumption.
The main applications of PVC and its formulations on the market, which are listed below.
Packaging – can be either rigid or flexible, transparent or opaque, ranging from blood bags and blisters for pharmaceutical industry, to large storage silos. Undergoing hygiene materials, bottles for cosmetics, protective films for food, bottles for mineral water, materials for the automotive industry, among many others.
Shoes – manufacture of soles and other components, expanded or compact.
Construction – pipes, fittings, profiles, wires and cables, conduits, ceilings and residential coatings. | <urn:uuid:bcdf7534-b4ba-4d78-8813-19ada263bdcd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://syntexamerica.com/portfolio/pvc-polyvinyl-chloride/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.905595 | 443 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Many professional tennis players utilize dampeners. As dampeners, most professionals use very light rubber bands. It’s primarily a matter of personal preference whether or not a pro player will employ a dampener.
You may have observed that some of the pros put rubber bands on their racquets based on how long you’ve been watching them play. It isn’t a strange habit or a coincidental occurrence.
A rubber band gets commonly used as a dampener by professional players. Rubber bands are available in various sizes, allowing for flexibility and adaptability. The size 64 rubber band is the most widely used. Because the rubber bands are so light, they won’t have a substantial impact on your racquet’s balance.
What Are Dampeners?
Dampeners lessen vibration when hitting a tennis ball. Rene Lacoste invented them in 1964 to prevent injuries. Acting as minimal shock absorbers, they could relieve stress on the arm and wrist, preventing problems like tennis elbow.
However, studies have shown that vibration dampeners do not lessen the risk of damage, especially tennis elbow, over time. While these fewer bits of rubber dampen vibrations on the strings, they do not dampen vibrations sent through the racket’s frame.
What Kinds of Dampeners Are There?
Button and worm dampeners are the two most common varieties. Professional tennis players, such as Novak Djokovic, favor the button style. These dampeners are small, button-shaped, and attach to only a few strings on the racket. Because they can get swiftly replaced during a match, they are a favorite of many top pro players.
The fact that button-type dampeners are simple to install is also one of their disadvantages, as they are more likely to fly off the racket after a mishit. As a result, you’ll need to keep a few spares in your luggage to avoid fumbling around on the court looking for them.
A worm-style vibration dampener is another option. These dampeners are longer and can get used with up to ten strings. They are harder to install since they must get braided between the strings, but they are less likely to fall out once in place. These dampeners can make the racket feel heavier, but they should absorb string vibrations more effectively.
Rubber bands are inexpensive and easy to use, and they don’t come undone. They risk losing a point if the dampener falls off during the game. Even if the rubber band comes undone, it’s simple to replace. You can buy a bag with rubber bands for a few dollars that will last you decades.
Pro Tennis Players Use Dampener
The high number of professional players who use vibration dampeners suggests that they are beneficial to some of the finest players in the world. The top 20 players in both the men’s and women’s games use dampeners on their rackets, with roughly 60-80 percent using them.
Vibration dampeners get used on the strings of players on the men’s side of the game, such as:
- Novak Djokovic
- Rafael Nadal
- Daniil Medvedev
- Alexander Zverev
- Gael Monfils
- Stan Wawrinka
The list of supporters of vibration dampeners in the women’s game is as remarkable, with names like:
- Ashleigh Barty
- Simona Halep
- Naomi Osaka
- Petra Kvitova
- Victoria Azarenka
- Garbine Muguruza
These are just a few of the top players in the tennis game who use vibration dampeners right now. Whether or if utilizing vibration dampeners enhances a player’s mental approach by increasing confidence in the racket, far too many top players overlook their potential.
Why do Players Use a Dampener
A vibration dampener can help decrease the irritating and distracting ‘ping’ sound when the ball impacts the racket. The dampener minimizes the sound created by the strings when they strike the ball by reducing vibration on the racket strings.
If you haven’t used a dampener before, the sound the racket makes might not be as noticeable. The increased volume while striking the ball might be highly remarkable once you’ve employed a vibration dampener.
Some players insist that vibration dampeners don’t help them play better because of sound alone. According to some players, a dampener alters the sensation of the racket when striking the ball. A dampener can soften or change the racket sensation depending on how it gets utilized.
It’s possible that a preference for dampening stems from a mental rather than a physical approach to the game. The last thing a player needs to worry about is how loud the next shot will be or whether the racket will feel right.
They must trust their tennis racket completely. When playing at the highest level, you must give your complete concentration to the game at all times.
A tennis racquet’s vibration dampeners are braided or inserted between the Main or vertical strings, but not the cross or horizontal strings. This positioning serves two purposes.
First, you don’t want the tennis ball to accidentally contact the vibration dampener while hitting, resulting in a mishit. The second, less well-known reason for this location is that it gets mandated by the regulations.
How to Put a Dampener in Place
Vibration dampeners are simple to install. The simplest vibration dampeners to install are button vibration dampeners, which go between the two main or vertical strings. Press the dampener’s slotted edge on one of the main strings until it sings.
Pull the dampener and second main string line apart, holding the other dampener side until you align it with that string. Push it against the lowest cross or horizontal string line once it’s between the main one.
Worm dampeners come in different shapes and sizes, but they usually weave through the main strings to help minimize vibration across many lines that come into contact with the ball.
Some are difficult to install, and many designs require you to follow the package’s directions, but once they’re in, they’re not going anywhere unless they break or you need to restring them.
The size of the dampener and the density of your racquet’s string pattern are two factors that can make dampener installation more difficult. Anything beyond a 1618 string pattern, such as 1619, 1820, and so on, might be troublesome, and the dampener may end up squashed. Take into account this aspect. | <urn:uuid:ae76498e-7be9-485c-81d9-22b25847c76f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mytennisoutfitter.com/tennis-players-use-dampeners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.926216 | 1,393 | 2 | 2 |
Bisazza, a tiling and mosaic coverings brand, decided to take up a new project—to draw on the archives of the house of Fornasetti to create a new collection of mosaics. It allowed them the opportunity to remember the poetic and dreamlike creative language of Piero Fornasetti, the founder of the house.
The collaboration has given rise to a collection of glass mosaics that are in turn poetic and mysterious. With Ortensia and Soli a Capri, Bisazza manages to transcribe into the glass a palette of 60 tesserae colours, and allow users to rediscover the magic, humour and metaphors of the most iconic drawings of Piero Fornasetti, the prolific creator.
This article was first published in Architectural Digest France | <urn:uuid:272a3a39-3811-4a19-9e2b-bfbb52e0262a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/adlovessalone-take-a-look-at-the-colourful-and-poetic-fornasetti-collection-by-bisazza/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.881219 | 164 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Austin WalkerLumen Christi Institute
Madison ChastainLumen Christi Institute
Presented by the Lumen Christi Institute’s Newman Forum. Open to current high school students.
Are you already tired of being quarantined in your house? Feel a little bit like you might kill your siblings?
The book of Genesis is one of the most interesting and difficult books of the Bible. And there is so much more to it than meets the eye. For example:
How was a snake able to trick Eve? Why do Adam and Eve respond to God so suspiciously? And then there's the Cain and Abel story...why on Earth does Cain jump to murdering his brother? What are we supposed to learn from this Scripture?
Austin Walker is Assistant Director of the Lumen Christi Institute where he directs LCI's Newman Forum and West Suburban Series on Catholic Culture, in addition to serving as the instructor for LCI's Executive Great Books series. He is also an instructor at the University of Chicago's Graham School Basic Program of Liberal Education. He is completing a Ph.D. on John Henry Newman's political philosophy at the University of Chicago's prestigious Committee on Social Thought, and holds M.A.'s from the University of Chicago and the University of Mississippi. He received a B.A. with highest honors in Classical Languages from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. From 2007 to 2011, he taught in the Mississippi Delta for the Mississippi Teacher Corps, where he received the Andrew P. Mullins Jr. Award in 2009.
Madison Chastain is Program Coordinator of the Newman Forum, the Lumen Christi Institute's programming for high school students. Madison received a BA from Saint Mary's College of California, where she studied English as well as Theology and Religious Studies. After spending a year teaching religion to middle schoolers in Tulsa, Oklahoma as a Lasallian Volunteer, Madison came to the University of Chicago where she received her MA from the Divinity School. Her research and writing focuses on Catholic disability theology and medical ethics. | <urn:uuid:86b0aafc-be41-4cb3-8efa-356b5818414f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lumenchristi.org/event/2020/06/how-not-to-get-away-with-murder-online-austin-walker | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959336 | 419 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The Wuhan Institute of Virology – the laboratory believed to be the source of the COVID-19 pandemic – hosted an international conference advising scientists and research institutes on proper laboratory safety measures.
The event – the International Training Course on Biosafety Laboratory Management and Technology – comes amidst America’s top health and intelligence publicly supporting the theory, however, that COVID-19 escaped from the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
The lab’s manipulation of “killer” bat coronaviruses, funded in part by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Anthony Fauci, created strains of SARS-like viruses that possessed the capacity for “direct human infection,” The National Pulse has previously revealed.
Despite being at the center of COVID-19’s origins, the Wuhan Institute of Virology hosted a laboratory safety measure conference from December 16th to 17th.
The laboratory’s website also details the contents of the workshop, including having participants focus on “biosafety laboratory overview,” “laboratory management system,” and “animal experiment operating specifications and practices”:Continue Reading
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- FBI Whistleblower releases docs that Garland authorized the FBI Counterterrorism Division to target parents!
- Uh-Oh. Vials labeled ‘smallpox’ found in Merck lab near Philadelphia. FBI Investigating.
- Finnish Pastor On Trial For ‘Hate Speech’ After Tweeting Bible Verse | <urn:uuid:b99d8bb9-6ed8-4cb5-a60d-d663217edfa1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://libertyjournal.org/its-like-rain-on-your-wedding-day-wuhan-lab-hosts-conference-on-how-to-avoid-lab-leaks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.882388 | 473 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Cycle route highlights:
Nature Park Lelystad
Spot otters, storks, wild boar, moose, European bison and Père David deer (indigenous to China). The animals are not always easy to find but, conveniently, the otters are fed daily at 3 pm. The foresters at the visitor centre are happy to tell you all about the park and the latest animal news. Restaurant Hajé is located in its centre, perfect for a coffee break or a tasty, healthy lunch.
For aviation enthusiasts, the Aviodrome is a nice stop with flight simulators, a 4D cinema experience and a unique collection of over 100 aircraft. It is about 3 extra miles (5 km) by bike, so the distance is manageable.
Batavialand brings the Dutch relationship with water to life. Impoldering, dyke building and evidence of global voyages are all apparent here. Several ferries also depart from here to the newest land in the area: the Marker Wadden.
Rent a bike
- Rent-A-bike Lelystad, Boeier 01, 8242CB Lelystad | <urn:uuid:87b91cb4-9f62-47de-8ad2-ab6825ff4589> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iamsterdam.com/en/plan-your-trip/getting-around/cycling/cycle-routes/new-land-lelystad | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.901035 | 244 | 1.53125 | 2 |
[Boycott - Media Bias]
Vigil outside BBC demands fair reporting on Palestine
5 April 2016
On the evening of 1st April 2016 activists from Inminds human rights group held a vigil outside BBC Broadcasting House in London to demand the BBC accurately cover the plight of Palestinians living and dying under illegal Israeli occupation.
One story which has received very biased coverage in the BBC recently has been the execution last week of two Palestinians. On 24th March two 21 years old Palestinians, Abd al-Fattah al-Sharif and Ramzi al-Qasrawi were executed by Israelis soldiers in Hebron after they allegedly injured an Israeli soldier with a knife.
Inminds chair Abbas Ali said: "The BBC always seems to follow the Israeli narrative parrot fashion, and they don't mention the context of a story so purposely keeping the licence paying public in the dark. The injured soldier was part of Israel's army of occupation which is there illegally to enforce the supremacy of 800 fascist Jewish settlers who have turned the old city of Hebron into a prison for its 35,000 indigenous Palestinian residents. This is never mentioned, nor is the Palestinian right to resist this illegal occupation.
The cold-blooded execution of the two Palestinians was a war crime. To protect the murderer the Israeli government has put a gag order on the Israeli press from revealing his name - Elor Azarya. For some bizarre reason the BBC in the UK is voluntarily subservient to the Israeli gag order and not reporting the war criminals name. Why is this? If the BBC wont report accurately on Palestine then we will do it for them.. on their walls.. starting with the name of the killer Elor Azarya!"
VIDEO - Vigil outside BBC demands fair reporting on Palestine
We are here outside the BBC to demand the BBC accurately cover the plight of Palestinians living and dying under illegal Israeli occupation.
One story which has received very biased coverage in the BBC has been the execution last week of two Palestinians. On 24th March two 21 years old Palestinians, Abd al-Fattah al-Sharif and Ramzi al-Qasrawi were executed by Israelis soldiers in Hebron after they allegedly lightly injured an Israeli soldier with a knife.
The injured soldier was part of Israel's army of occupation that has turned the old centre of Hebron virtually into a prison for its 35,000 Palestinian residents who are even prevented from using many of their own streets. One resident explained "You can’t move from one house to another without passing checkpoints or soldiers humiliating you. Even to leave the city is hard." The town centre is a ghost town with Palestinian businesses being forced to close at gunpoint. The occupation army is there to enforce 800 illegal Jewish settlers rule over a 35,000 indigenous Palestinian population. Palestinian right to resist such illegal occupation is enshrined in international law.
Why is this context not mentioned by the BBC who seems to report any resistance as terrorism?
But the two Palestinians were not killed during their act of resistance against armed soldiers, but rather afterwards - about 20 minutes later - when they posed no danger to anyone. They were executed whilst they lay injured on the ground. One of the executions was caught on camera by a local Palestinian resident.
The video, filmed after one of the Palestinians had already been executed , shows two Israeli ambulances ignore Abd al-Fattah al-Sharif who is injured on the ground. People are heard shouting in Hebrew 'the dog is still alive'. Then the killer, Israeli soldier, Elor Azarya, is shown casually cocking his gun and walking up to defenceless Abd al-Fattah al-Sharif, aiming his weapon at al-Sharif's head and shooting. The video then shows blood streaming from the Palestinians head as he dies. Shockingly there is no response from the other soldiers to the incident, as if it’s just a normal everyday occurrence.
It was only because the second murder was caught on camera that the killer was later reprimanded and faces manslaughter charge which in reality may mean release after a few days!
The killer Elor Azarya is a joint French - Israeli citizen. An international arrest warrant needs to be issued for his arrest should he ever leave Israel. Human rights groups have condemned the killing as a war crime.
Why doesn't the BBC report this? Why doesn't the BBC feature the face of the war criminal Elor Azarya? They don't even mention his name once! Elor Azarya the killer!
In the meantime the brave Palestinian man who recorded the execution is being threatened by the Israeli occupation soldiers and illegal colonists with death. His wife and children have received death threats, his children can no longer go to school as they will be attacked by the settlers who are also calling for his home to be firebombed.
Rather than rally journalists around the world to pressure Israel to ensure the safety of this brave Palestinian citizen journalist, the BBC has ignored his plight and left him to the mercy of the killers.
Shame on you BBC!
Shame on you BBC!
Also Of Interest
Page URL: http://inminds.co.uk/article.php?id=10712 | <urn:uuid:1dad8f58-0db4-4bc0-a4a5-438fae535a8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://inminds.co.uk/article.php?id=10712 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971969 | 1,090 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Barack Obama hardly marched across the South like Sherman. But he certainly made some inroads.
The Illinois Democrat failed to win a majority of white votes in any Southern state, and exit polls indicate that a deeper racial divide may persist here than in other regions.
But he won Florida. You could argue that Florida — with its snowbirds and ice hockey franchises — is not really "Southern," but that doesn't change the fact that a Northern, liberal Democrat hasn't taken the state since FDR.
And it's hard to overstate the symbolic importance of Obama's comfortable victory in Virginia, the former capital of the Confederacy. No Democrat had won the Old Dominion since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 — Obama joked recently that he was the first Democratic presidential candidate to even stump in the Shenandoah Valley since Stephen Douglas ran against Abraham Lincoln before the Civil War.
"Old Virginny is dead," declared Gov. Tim Kaine, who helped guide Obama to victory there.
Even North Carolina, which has been reliably Republican in presidential politics since 1980, is still too close to call. And while Georgia chose Republican John McCain, Obama was more competitive in that deep South state than any Democrat since Bill Clinton — who won it in 1992 and narrowly lost it in 1996.
"Look. Al Gore couldn't win any Southern state," says Jeremy Mayer, a political scientist at George Mason University and author of the book, "Running on Race: Racial Politics in Presidential Campaigns, 1960-2000." "A NORTHERN black man did better in Southern states than Al Gore, a child of the South."
'It is a new day'
Ordinary Southerners can't be faulted for feeling that something huge has happened in their region.
"It is a new day," real estate broker Sibrina Roberts, who is black, declared as she emerged from a Wake Forest polling place Tuesday into a cold, persistent rain after casting her vote for Obama.
When LBJ signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, he famously confessed to an aide: "I think we just delivered the South to the Republican Party for a long time to come."
Unless 12 years constitutes a "long time," Johnson's prediction was overly pessimistic. Jimmy Carter won every Southern state but Virginia on his way to the White House in 1976, and Clinton had Southern support in his back-to-back election victories.
But they were both Southern whites who could appeal to moderates.
Obama was never foolish enough to think he could sweep the "solid" Republican South. Like Clinton before him, he knew his best hope was to split the region.
In 1992, Clinton focused on his home state of Arkansas and running mate Gore's Tennessee, along with Florida, Georgia and Louisiana. Clinton took most of those states in both elections, though it turns out he would have won without a single Southern electoral vote.
Obama essentially used the same strategy, only he targeted different states — Virginia, North Carolina and Florida, all of which had two things going for them: Large African-American populations and large numbers of "white migrants" from more Democrat-leaning states.
Some whites not ready
Of course, not all of these blue-state transplants voted for Obama.
Engineer Keith Hawkes moved from Obama running mate Joe Biden's home state of Delaware to Lynchburg, Va., thinking the economy there might be stronger. A year later, he's still looking for a job.
Hawkes, who turns 65 next month, said he voted for McCain because he thought the Republican would be better for the economy and would do more to protect his Social Security. But the white man admitted that race was also a factor.
"I personally just wasn't ready for a black man to lead the country," he said.
Exit polling shows that while whites in the rest of the nation leaned toward McCain by only a hair, two-thirds of Southern whites backed the Arizona senator. In fact, the deeper South the state, the more overwhelming McCain's victory among whites — even young whites.
But African-Americans now make up a bigger portion of the Southern electorate than they did in Johnson's day. In 1964, blacks accounted for 5.8 million of the 32.4 million voting-age Southerners, according to the Census Bureau. And fewer than half of black Southerners actually cast ballots that year.
'Everybody's come a long way'
But in state after state across the region this campaign, new registrations among African-Americans have far outstripped white numbers.
Still, it's safe to say Obama didn't start a revolution in Dixie.
"The solid South has been cracked," says Mayer, "but it ain't over."
Even so, it felt that way to many voters.
When he heard Obama was running, Johnny Jefferson, who is black, told his daughter the Illinois senator didn't have "a ghost of a chance." Waving an Obama sign outside the West Tampa Convention Center Tuesday, Jefferson was never so happy to be proven wrong.
"When you see people in Georgia and Florida coming out to support a black candidate when we were on the back of the bus and now, pretty soon, be driving the bus, that's a good thing," said Jefferson, 56, who was wearing a shirt emblazoned with the Illinois senator's image. "And it says that everybody's come a long way." | <urn:uuid:9bef2941-2c06-4bf4-828b-403900b13c7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27559883 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.975767 | 1,104 | 2.4375 | 2 |
There’s something about party politics that makes me tick. It’s not the fact that they vote in unified blocs on important issues (and thus, silencing individual opinion), but it’s the primitive nature of its hierarchy. Within a political party, there’s a hierarchy where certain individuals are expected to remain within certain boundaries and not cross them unless they want to face the consequences of it. For example, within a political party, there is always the leader and various senior members of parliament, and those senior members of parliament are supposed to keep the peace by not angering the leader, and if they do, they will face humiliation in one way or the other (likely in the form of being demoted within the party, or being completely kicked out of the party).
That primitive nature makes it seem that politics really is child’s play: if you don’t agree with the “adult” (i.e. the leader), you don’t get to play in the sandbox. I understand that this is the historical way of doing things within parliamentary democracies (especially those functioning on the Westminster model), but people need to start thinking about how this old way of doing things is hurting the legitimacy of political parties and, more importantly, hurting the legitimacy of Parliament itself.
While the functions of a parliament are not necessarily hurt by petty party politics, its leadership is put into doubt. The problem with that is you begin to see entire parliaments losing their legitimacy in the eyes of the people (i.e. the very people you’re supposed to be governing). There’s a disconnect that happens between those that govern and those that are governed, and it seems to be a common problem for any sort of party, regardless of their stated political ideology.
The Need for Political Innovation
Aside from being financially wealthy, politicians have a wealth of experience. Many of them are successful people who have done tremendous things in their communities that helped them build a strong public portfolio. But it seems that the rigidity of ideology and parliamentary traditions have frozen their aspirations to come up with new policies or ideas to implement policies. It seems like parliaments now just take old formulas and fit them into novel situations.
An example of this, in my opinion, is the whole ‘environment crisis’ that has come to the forefront of business agendas. The finger is being solemnly pointed at big businesses who pollute for the plight of environmental quality around the world. For a while, nobody knew whether to believe whether global warming was real or not, but I think most of us are past that by now (and if you’re still not past that, humour me and assume it’s real). This is a problem that we’ve been told will affect us years from now and that, similarly, fixing the problem will only be truly appreciated years from now. Taking that logic, parliaments that have the political will to tackle this issue have basically made laws that either ban something or reward certain behaviour. The balance between these tools differs from country to country, but on the overall scale, there isn’t much difference in the method that parliaments are using to tackle the issue.
I certainly don’t have the answer right now as to how one can ‘innovate’ governance, but do you? Let me think on this one for a bit… | <urn:uuid:e41f6632-9240-42bf-a15e-1f92b796a4d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://codifiedlawblog.com/index.php/2012/07/23/party-politics-adults-work-or-sandbox-play/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967784 | 702 | 1.890625 | 2 |
New York might just be the most divisive city in the country.
On the one hand, the Big Apple is the city Americans say they most want to live in, according to a recent survey by Harris Interactive. But that same survey found that New York is also the least desirable city for Americans. The poll asked 2,463 adults which city they'd choose to live in outside their home, and the answers were all over the map.
New York continued its 10-year run as the most favored city this year, but there are some cities that are on the upswing. Dallas surged to the 4th most popular city after not even making it into the top 15 last year, according to the poll. The boost may be attributed to the Dallas's increasing popularity among young adults. A recent analysis by the Brookings Insitution found that the Texan city saw the third largest influx of young people between 2008 and 2010. Seattle, which came in at number three on the Harris poll, may have also benefited from its popularity among American youth.
But respondents to the poll definitely didn't choose cities based on relative cheapness. Three of New York's five boroughs count among the top five most expensive cities in the U.S., according to a recent study by the Council for Community and Economic Research. San Francisco, which came in sixth on the Harris poll list, ranks as the fourth most expensive city.
Though some Americans may fantasize about moving to their dream city, migration is down overall, as most Americans are staying put because of the poor economy. For 18-to-34-year-old adults, long-distance moves fell 4.4 percent last year. For college graduates, who count among the most likely to move to new cities, migration fell 2.4 percent.
Here are the top 10 cities Americans would most like to live in, according to Harris Interactive: | <urn:uuid:ae037477-9ebe-4b6b-b024-ec50386604f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/most-desired-cities-top-10-americans-live-in_n_1084845 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973944 | 381 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The Works of H. G. Wells (Atlantic Edition)/Preface to Volume 5
PREFACE TO VOLUME V
In this volume "The Food of the Gods" takes the first place. It is quite out of its chronological order—it was not written until 1904—but it is put here because it is in direct continuity with the line of thought developed in the preceding volume. "The Food of the Gods" is the idea of the first chapter of "Anticipations" and of the essay upon "Locomotion and Administrative Areas," transmuted into fantasy. It is a dream version of the "de-localised" persons and things. It puzzled, and therefore irritated, most of the reviewers extremely.
The forcible juxtaposition of these hard ideas and this grotesque story has been made with an eye to criticism, which, because of the multiplicity and carelessness of the writer's output, has so far missed the plain development of his thought. Here you have the completest statement of the conception that human beings are now in violent reaction to a profound change in conditions demanding the most complex and extensive readjustments in the scope and scale of their ideas. This conception is the key to nearly all the writer's work, to his novels quite as much as to his fantastic stories and sociological and political essays. Temperamentally he is egotistic and romantic, intellectually he is clearly aware that the egotistic and romantic must go. And seeing that this collected edition attempts for the first time to give a view of his work as a whole and of his ideas as a system, he has seized the opportunity to put into the same cover with "The Food of the Gods," and in the sharpest contrast with it, "The Sea Lady," which was written in 1901-2. In all his later novels, the reader will find more or less of the "Food of the Gods" getting itself mixed into the dietary of his intelligent characters, and the scaly, beautiful, irrelevant "Sea Lady" out of the primordial seas flapping her tail to their confusion. She flapped her way into the writer's imagination upon Sandgate beach one day in 1900, just upon that part of it which is shown in the frontispiece. | <urn:uuid:5de6c2a8-83ac-4be2-aa53-89a3e4c894b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Works_of_H._G._Wells_(Atlantic_Edition)/Preface_to_Volume_5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.978801 | 458 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Maya Ball Court
Revision as of 20:10, 3 April 2018 by Tombraidergirl
The rules to the game played on these ancient ball courts are lost to history, but it's believed that it was played frequently and sometimes for high stakes, as the losing team was sacrificed to the gods. It is of particular interest to me, as it was believed that the Mayan underworld of Xibalba was underneath a ball court.
Tomb Raider Underworld, Journal Entry "MAYAN BALL COURT"
The Maya ball court holds many of the treasures that can be found in the Xibalba level. Lara needs to search every corner thoroughly to find all secret vases. | <urn:uuid:7ac9ae10-83c4-4785-8ec6-8e3b8e2c69b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wikiraider.com/index.php?title=Maya_Ball_Court&direction=prev&oldid=50052 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.985837 | 145 | 1.679688 | 2 |
- Doctoral Candidate
- Stanford University
This dissertation analyzes Albania’s program of asserting its independence in the face of the Yugoslav initiative to annex the country and make it part of the Yugoslav federation between 1944-1948. Yugoslavia’s proposed unification of Albania and Bulgaria aroused Western suspicions of Soviet ambitions to expand communism in Europe as a whole. Tensions in the Yugoslav-Soviet alliance mounted in early 1948, culminating in a rift between Belgrade and Moscow, when Albanian leaders began military preparations with Yugoslavia against the threat of war with American-supported Greece. The dynamics of the Albanian-Yugoslav-Soviet triangular relationship complicate early Cold War narratives in which Moscow follows a preconceived strategy to satellize the continent's eastern half. With Albania as its subject, this dissertation assesses the limits of Soviet power in the Balkans after the Second World War and illustrates the layered meaning of sovereignty and nationhood in twentieth-century Europe. | <urn:uuid:eb126374-625a-4465-b405-a627f60ac959> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.acls.org/fellow-grantees/daniel-perez/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.91704 | 197 | 2.109375 | 2 |
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What is single origin cultivar?
In some respects, it is easy to understand that tea cultivar selection is not the biggest consideration when buying tea. Chances are yourself or perhaps those you know can share very few details about cultivars in agriculture let alone tea. In fact, it is a surprising element in the tea market that continues to flourish and expand. Regardless of how complicated the topic of cultivars can be it is possible to break down the topic into several key components. As market demand continues to develop for specific tea cultivars, perhaps this blog’s entry will provide you the opportunity to educate others. More specifically, this entry’s focus is on understanding “single origin cultivar” with a quick review of cultivars.
Do you know what “cultivar” is?
Cultivar, in the world of horticulture, is where specific traits are sought for in a given plant and subsequently grown. Cultivating plants is not specific to the tea plant, also known as camellia sinensis. Norman Borlaug, aka the “Father of the Green Revolution” used crossbreeding to attain desired traits to help stem off wheat rust and fuel new methods for attaining higher yields of wheat in the US and Mexico. While often attributed to the work of those on the ground, cultivars can be established, albeit rarely, in the wild as well. Click here to read more about Cultivar
Some unique cultivars you may not be familiar with…
For those more interested in tea cultivars, the Japanese have helped fuel this development in recent decades through national research. If you are keenly interested, some unique Japanese-created cultivars include “benifuuki” (grown often in black teas, you will also find it in green teas for its higher methalated catechin count – a great tea to help with allergies, feel free to check out our 1 minute explanation of benifuuki tea here), Yabukita and Shizu-731 (known for its distinct cherry blossom aroma. Yes, oddly enough it smells like cherry blossoms). The list for Japanese tea cultivars is long and continues to grow! (Please see more on cultivars and Japan here).
A brief look at cultivars in your everyday tea
Now that you have an understanding about cultivars generally, lets spend some time exploring why a single origin cultivar is worth its distinction. Before we do that however, we must get an idea of how tea is processed, particularly via modern manufacturing methods.
If you have purchased sencha at a store for example, there is a good chance you have seen small, “folded” tea leaves that may be broken and even smaller twigs or branches in the package. Many larger manufacturers and resellers of tea purchase the leaves from farms and package it accordingly. They are often less interested in parsing out specific tea leaves for example, and more interested in gathering what is available and selling it. Each of the farms that they purchase tea from, however, is growing tea from a given cultivar. While the most common cultivar in Japan is yabukita, this does not account for all. It is entirely possible, for example, that the sencha you purchase in that store may contain several or many different cultivars.
But what exactly is a single origin cultivar?
This is precisely where “single origin cultivar” distinguishes itself in our discussion. These teas are often straight from a single farm where a farmer has chosen a given cultivar and sold it to a reseller who is looking for that specific cultivar. To use benifuuki as a further example, resellers understand that allergies are a real concern with many and that this single cultivar is often a great solution for their customers. Single origin cultivars are slowly becoming more popular and it may be worth the time understanding these a bit further.
Next time you are out shopping for tea, take a second to review the packaging. Is there a cultivar listed? If so, what is the cultivar? Do you know what desirable traits are present? As you may have guessed, there is a lot more to learn but one step at a time may be one of the best ways to shape your tea experience.
Related Articles You May Be Interested
If you have ever thought that Green Tea is an “acquired taste” or that it is “too bitter” to enjoy, we’re here to change your mind! We want everyone to experience the health benefits of Green Tea and show you that this can be an amazing, refreshing, and delicious drink when made correctly. With just a few tips on how to brew this powerful leaf we can change your mind about the taste and enjoyment of drinking Green Tea.
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- ^ Click here to read more about Cultivar (www.japanesegreenteain.com)
- ^ feel free to check out our 1 minute explanation of benifuuki tea here (www.japanesegreenteain.com)
- ^ (Please see more on cultivars and Japan here) (www.japanesegreenteain.com)
- ^ green tea powder (www.japanesegreenteain.com)
- ^ tea bags (www.japanesegreenteain.com)
- ^ yes actual candies (www.japanesegreenteain.com)
- ^ Kei Nishida (www.japanesegreenteain.com)
- ^ Cook with Matcha (www.amazon.com)
- ^ Japanese Green Tea Company (www.japanesegreenteain.com)
- ^ reply me privately here (www.japanesegreenteain.com) | <urn:uuid:1f75bdcd-380d-4e14-a590-63b173efe65d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mlkgoodies.com/?p=555 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928792 | 1,578 | 2.375 | 2 |
Graphics Driver Update. Graphics drivers for mobile intel® 945gm express chipset family. As for why you should update intel drivers like intel graphics drivers, it might be because of the following benefits.
Input “device manager” in taskbar search, find and open the device manager. Select windows update from the left side; How to update graphics drivers.
This Is Really Only Necessary When Either Your Driver Is Very Outdated, Has Become Corrupt Or Often When You Update To A New Operating System.
Input “device manager” in taskbar search, find and open the device manager. Use windows device manager to manually upgrade graphics drivers Download latest drivers for nvidia products including geforce, titan, nvidia rtx, data center, grid and more.
Search Automatically For Drivers Or Browse My Computer For Drivers.
This will open a new window, look for the display adapters section. This installer will download and install only the components your system needs to be up to date. Intel graphics media accelerator driver.
On The Next Screen, Select Windows Update & Security.
You will have to select the exact model of your computer’s graphics card, which is displayed in the device manager window. Most common graphics card manufacturers have a solution that scans your computer and updates drivers automatically. Update your intel(r) hd graphics driver manually.
How To Update Graphics Driver Windows 7 & 10.
In windows 11, to update graphics drivers, do the following: Select the display tab for your main display. Open the start menu and click on settings (next to the little cog icon).
Click Here To Jump To The Section And Learn How To Update The Graphics Driver On Windows 10 Using Advanced Driver Updater.
Intel® graphics media accelerator 500 (intel® gma 500) graphics drivers for mobile intel® 4 series express chipset family. Update your intel(r) hd graphics driver manually. In the search box on the taskbar, enter device manager, then select device manager. | <urn:uuid:2c4d5c06-438a-4250-88b9-3bdf7e64757f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arcadesproject.org/graphics-driver-update/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.814335 | 412 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Are you ready for a change? Welcome to the new world!
Linux is a bold new step in taking control of your computer and internet experience. If you’re looking for a better way to handle the day-to-day computing needs of your business or want to provide safer and more enjoyable internet surfing for your children, then Linux is a fantastic choice.
PCLinuxOS is one of the world’s newest and leading providers of a the Desktop Linux Solution. With a small but dedicated development team, PClinuxOS delivers Desktop Ready Software that harnesses the power of the Open Source Community.
So you’re asking “What is Linux?” Quite simply Linux is a complete and viable operating system for your computer, be it a tower, laptop, or server. It is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers from around the world. Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. If you want a more in-depth explanation click here.
Imagine being able to surf the web freely without worry of viruses, trojan horses, annoying pop-ups, or threats from hackers. Because of the way Linux is designed, unless you’re signed on as “root”, ie. administrator, nothing can be installed to your computer. This means that there won’t be any funky programs installed without you knowing it. And as for viruses, well the last time there was a Linux virus was back in the 90’s. More on Linux security here.
Now for some details… You might be asking yourself “What’s in it for me?”. How about the fact that it’s FREE! You don’t have to pay a single dime for it. While there are distributions of Linux that charge a fee in order to use their software, PCLinuxOS is completely free. Not only is the operating system free, but so are the 1000’s applications available for you to use. Everything from chat, e-mail, media players, office software, browsers, graphics programs, mp3 players, financial applications, and games. And guess what, you’ll never have to buy anti-virus software, expensive firewall programs or registry cleaners again.
Here are some examples of the the incredible software that comes with PCLinuxOS:
This suite of programs can easily handle your needs for word processing, spreasheets, and presentations.
A web browser that will revolutionize the way you use the internet. Firefox provides speed and security when venturing into cyberspace. You can forget about annoying pop-ups and dull browser interface with this lean, mean, surfin machine.
The workhorse of Linux as well as the jack of all trades. Konqueror is a file manager, web browser, and a universal viewing application. An incredibly powerful application that is extremely easy to use.
Do you have tons of mp3’s and video files that you routinely share with friends and family? Whether you need a CD for the drive home or a DVD of last year’s family picnic, K3b makes burning so fast and easy, you’ll wonder why you ever spent so much money on those other software programs.
KDE and GNOME
If you’re like me, having a desktop that is not only easy to navigate but also pleasing to the eye is important. These two window managers will knock your socks off and you won’t have to buy any programs off the internet to “hack” your system in order to change the way it looks. Click on either of the icons to the left and see just how just how dynamic and visually stunning your computer will look.
I’ve only just scratched the surface of the power and usability that PCLinuxOS provides. And I’m sure you have many more questions about how Linux can improve your computer. Our user forum is the best place to find the answers you need. The friendly and caring staff at Lobby4Linux.com will make you feel right at home and provide answers to your questions in a way that will remind you of your favorite grade school teacher.
After doing some more looking around and asking question, I think you’ll agree that PCLinuxOS is an excellent choice when it comes to choosing an operating system. If you’d like to give it a try, there are instructions on how to download and burn a CD here.
Contact me! If you have questions or concerns about how PCLinuxOS can revolutionize the way you use your computer. I’m here to assist you with whatever questions you may have about Linux. And if I don’t know the answer, I’ll find it or introduce you to another PCLinuxOS user who does.
Do you live in the Denver, CO area? Need help with your Linux installation? No problem! As part of our community outreach, Lobby4Linux has instituted a program called Friends4Friends. Our goal is to bring Linux to the world. | <urn:uuid:d0502732-e642-46d2-88a6-2eff5df641b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://denverlinux.com/myfirstlinux/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.924771 | 1,077 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Unite members are currently involved in two crucial battles at the Rolls-Royce plant in Barnoldswick, Lancashire and the Optare bus manufacturers in Leeds.
Rolls-Royce bosses announced in August that they would be offshoring production of the Trent Engine blades, currently manufactured at the Barnoldswick plant to Singapore.
The move would see 350 workers lose their jobs, the potential closure of the factory and the further threats to the jobs of workers in the supply chain. And this is a company that sought £1 billion in financial support from the Government.
Unite members voted 94% for a strike to stop the job losses.
They began a 3 week strike last Friday 6 November that was due to end on 27 November – but the action will now continue until Christmas Eve.
National officer Ross Quinn told the local press
“This dispute is not just about maintaining the viability of the Rolls-Royce factory in Barnoldswick, it is about the future prosperity of the local community.”
Workers at bus manufacturer Optare in Leeds have been taking strike action from last month. They have been staging 48-hour strikes every week to win a pay rise that was pledged but never implemented by the company last year. Optare can hardly plead poverty. The company is owned by the billionaire Hinduja brothers Srichand, Gopichand and Prakash, the second richest people in the UK.
Despite Unite pickets at Optare wearing masks, socially distancing and regularly using hand sanitiser, last week a police officer ordered them to stop picketing quoting new coronavirus legislation.Unite made legal representations that have been successful so the right to picket has been maintained. The stakes are high, the bosses are accommodating temporary workers in hotels and bussing them in to try and break the strike. But next week, the strike will escalate to four days a week and workers believe that this will have a major impact.
It is clear that just as with the economic crash in 2008, the Tories and the bosses are intent on making us pay for growing pandemic and economic crises. These strikes are crucial because if they win it shows that workers don’t have to meekly accept being thrown on the scrapheap or cuts to their pay and benefits. But the workers at these factories could also be the key to tackling another crisis – that of the ongoing climate catastrophe. Optare workers specialise in making electric buses. Barnoldswick workers specialise in making blades for aircraft engines – but there’s no reason why they can’t make blades for wind turbines.
Raise solidarity for these strikes in your branch and committee meetings. Get in touch to invite a speaker or if your branch can make donations.
Send messages of solidarity to: | <urn:uuid:c26caab0-8346-4c50-a6e3-d5ab8e4f538e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://uniterankandfile.org/rolls-royce-and-optare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96347 | 574 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes
(Ground sharks) > Pentanchidae
Etymology: Galeus: galeos, a small shark or dogfish according to Aristotle and others. (See ETYFish); sauteri: In honor of German businessman and entomologist Hans Sauter (1871-1943), who collected holotype at a Taiwan fish market. (See ETYFish).
More on authors: Jordan & Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Marine; demersal; depth range 60 - 90 m (Ref. 244). Deep-water; 25°N - 21°N
Western Pacific: Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 244); 45.0 cm TL (female)
A little-known bottom-dwelling shark found on the continental shelves (Ref. 11146). Possibly at depths greater than 90 m (Ref. 244).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)
Threat to humans
Fisheries: minor commercial
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969
): 22 - 23.6, mean 23.2 °C (based on 7 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00347 (0.00168 - 0.00717), b=3.08 (2.90 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Subfamily-BS (Ref. 93245
Trophic level (Ref. 69278
): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref. 120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649
): (0 of 100) .
Nutrients (Ref. 124155
): Calcium = 15.7 [2.5, 58.5] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.302 [0.076, 0.884] mg/100g ; Protein = 16.1 [13.3, 19.2] % ; Omega3 = 0.241 [0.097, 0.572] g/100g ; Selenium = 6.81 [2.15, 20.67] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 33.1 [8.4, 120.1] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.372 [0.173, 0.778] mg/100g (wet weight); | <urn:uuid:e11b6101-2087-4576-ac08-a7a06537704f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fishbase.org/summary/812 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.700465 | 845 | 2.921875 | 3 |
COVID-19 and Your Family Pets
Should you be concerned? A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Thus, viruses cannot multiply but must be replicated by the cells that they invade. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are common in humans and many different species of animals, including camels, cattle, cats, and bats. Animal coronaviruses can infect people and then spread between people. While this is rare, it can happen.
According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), the betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2. Like MERS-CoV (the cause of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and (the cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), SARS-CoV-2 appears to have its origin in bats. “Sequenced virus obtained from U.S. patients is similar to that found in China originally, which suggests a single, recent emergence of this virus from an animal reservoir. However, the precise mechanism of evolution is not known.” The AVMA states that at least two scenarios have been proposed. The first has the virus evolving to its current pathogenicity through natural section in a non-human host and jumping to humans. There are no documented cases of bat to human transmission of a coronavirus; previous coronaviruses have passed through an intermediate mammal host before human infection. The identity of the SARS-CoV-2 intermediate host is currently unknown, but several have been suggested including pangolins and stray dogs. In an alternative scenario, a nonpathogenic version of the virus would have jumped from an animal host to humans and then evolved within humans to its current pathogenic state. Since its initial outbreak at Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, COVID-19 has since infected more than a million people across the globe. To understand and control the transmission of COVID-19, scientists are rushing to study the coronavirus causing the disease: SARS-CoV-2, previously named 2019-nCoV. SARS-CoV-2 is zoonotic, which means that the virus originated in animals and jumped to humans. A critical challenge is to determine which animal transmitted the virus to humans.
Yang Zhang’s Research Group at the University of Michigan reports that based on the research in their lab, they believe that pangolins may have served as the hosts that transmitted the coronavirus to people, causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The pangolin, also known as a scaly anteater, is the only known mammal with scales and is found in Asia and Africa. Since January 2020, the current consensus among the scientific community is that SARS-CoV-2 originated in horseshoe bats. However, it is unlikely that bats directly gave the virus to humans based on what’s known about transmission of earlier zoonotic coronaviruses. Instead, scientists suspect that the bat coronavirus infected another animal (possibly the pangolin), an “intermediate host,” which subsequently transmitted the virus to humans, and may have been transmitted to humans via a wild animal for sale at a wet market in Wuhan, a city in central China. Genetic analyses have come up short of pinpointing the culprit so far, but among the prime suspects is the pangolin.
Prized in China as a delicacy and for the purported medicinal virtues of their scales, pangolins are said to be the most trafficked mammal in the world. China has had wildlife trading bans on the books for three decades, but those have not prevented pangolins from becoming the most trafficked mammal in the world. Credit…Jimin Lai/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
The first case of an animal testing positive for the virus in the United States was a tiger that had a respiratory illness at a zoo in New York City. “We do not have evidence that companion animals, including pets, can spread the virus that causes COVID-19 to people or that they might be a source of infection in the United States” the AVMA reports. At this point, The AVMA recommends the following:
- Treat pets as you would other human family members – do not let pets interact with people or animals outside the household.
- If a person inside the household becomes sick, isolate that person from everyone else, including pets.
- Further studies are needed to understand if and how different animals could be affected by the virus that causes COVID-19 as well as how this might affect human health. | <urn:uuid:683a29b9-14b3-455b-8f35-36329b9b66fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amcollege.us/2020/04/13/covid-19-and-your-family-pets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965827 | 1,006 | 3.640625 | 4 |
When Do You Need Inpatient Treatment For Bipolar Disorder?
If you or a loved one have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, you are more than familiar with the complications that arise on a regular basis. The extreme shifts in mood, ranging from mania to depression, can be exhausting and, if not properly managed, can pave a path of destruction in the individual’s life. In general, the goal of bipolar disorder treatment is to stabilize mood swings and prevent the highs and lows associated with bipolar disorder that put the patient, and those around him/her, at risk. But what happens when things go awry?
Treatment program: Lauren Hardy M.A., writes on behalf of Delta Medical Center, which offers inpatient and outpatient hospital care for chemical dependency and mental health concerns. The staff at Delta Medical Center focuses on quality care in a warm and friendly environment that is conducive to healing.
Hardy, L. (2014, October 22). When Do You Need Inpatient Treatment For Bipolar Disorder?, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2022, August 11 from https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/mentalhealthtreatmentcircle/2014/10/when-do-you-need-inpatient-treatment-for-bipolar-disorder
Author: Lauren Hardy, MA
I have borderline personality disorder AND bipolar disorder plus a.d.d. It is hell trying to live with this. I have been on all kinds of meds. My personal relationships are screwed up, I go for men who abuse me (before it was just mentally. Now it's physically...), I can't keep a straight job, I am attracted to dangerous men, have poor impulse control, abuse drugs regularly, lie, manipulate, etc... I'm a wreck!
Whomever wrote that piece above portrays Bipolar people as demons dehumanizes us. Saying how we r manipulative. I have struggled with Bi polar for over 19 years i inherited from my dad and his dad before him. I have listened and respected the advice of my therapist. Unfortunately havent attended therapy in a long time. I know when my systems are coming so i control my temper, i dont have friends and i dont go out much. We are not monsters we need help we are misunderstood.
Thank you so true im having an episode now and idk what to do my kids r name calling and i have to move now by the 1st im feeling so anxious and. Don't no how to talk to my dr i need inpatient i no it
This is not expressed well linguistically thus makes no sense. You say you are a doctor, but in what country?
Hospitalization of psychiatric patients exhibits difficult and challenger intervention for both: psychiatric patient and for its close relatives. On the other hand, inpatient treatment of patient with mental disorder imply great and unforeseen professional engagement, as well. As far as is concerned to patients with bipolar disorder, the issue become more intrigued. Even yours observations are useful, the mater in clinical practice of psychiatric care service is accomplished with serious and risky professional demands for experts of mental health care system. Bipolar patients are the most manipulative contingent of psychiatric patient, because they are able to simulate any symptoms, due to theirs non-impairment cognitive and executive functions. Beside this disproof characteristic, bipolar patients are alluring ones, that could compromise the work-out of any member of psychiatric professional staff. Furthermore, bipolar patients dissimulate many signs and mental problems, that render more difficult proper psychiatric treatment of in patient category. These and many others clinical features of bipolar patient grow up the necessity for serious and careful review of indications for inpatient model of treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. Otherwise, we would expose ourselves to many sinister consequences along inpatient treatment of bipolar patients. However, it ought to implement with dispassionate whole set of above-mention indications of hospitalization to patients with bipolar disorder, in order to prevent fatal consequences of uncontrolled behavior of this kind of mood disorder.
Ok. First off, I’m Bipolar I w/OCD, hallucinations, the whole damn thing, and reading your post (and trust me, it was difficult to get through. Grammar must not be a top priority with all your years of “medical training” and college). Get over the person who broke up with you! [moderated]
Sinister? Manipulative? Where did you get your medical training? Also if you do not have sufficient demand of the English language, you are likely to be misunderstood. [moderated]
honey that is par for the course. only he can change what he does voluntarily. if you talk with him while he is doing ok about this issue and develop a plan to let him know when he is starting to go off the rails before it goes too far ... if you do it while he is stable ... then maybe he will listen to you when he is in crisis, but maybe he never will. i am sorry you have to go through this, but some people just have trouble with this for their whole lives.
What if the bipolar person is your spouse of over 25 years and doesn't understand that he needs help!?
He has nver went voluntarily , but either in hand cuffs or by ambulance!!? | <urn:uuid:b3ab76d1-a658-463c-868b-c184f6909717> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://origin.healthyplace.com/blogs/mentalhealthtreatmentcircle/2014/10/when-do-you-need-inpatient-treatment-for-bipolar-disorder | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.948989 | 1,083 | 1.71875 | 2 |
The best indoor toys and activity games are a fun way for the kids to spend a rainy or snowy day at home; these are also best to keep them engaged while you carry out some essential chores.
Things to consider when buying indoor toys and activity games for kids:
- Age of the Child
- The space required to play these comfortably
- Can it be played with multiple kids and/or family.
Best Indoor toys for the Active Kids
Kids love physical activities, and while outdoors is the best for most such physical activities, there are times when the kids have to be indoors. Let the kids entertain themselves with these fun toys designed for the active kids.
Ride on Toy: You get smaller ride-ons (cars, trains, ponies, etc.) for toddlers that can be used indoors. Kids love to use ride-on-toys moving from one place to another.
Many of these ride-ons come with storage space allowing them to also transport their favorite toys along, thus burning up that toddler energy.
Balance Bike: Toddlers can also use balance bikes within the house, moving from one end of the house to the other. Make sure the wheels are cleaned properly before using it indoors, assuming the balanced bike gets used outdoor as well.
Toddler Trampoline: You get small sized bouncers that can be a good fit in most houses. Bouncing on trampoline is a fun way to burn off energy for high energy toddlers.
Mini Trampoline: You get these for the older kids as well.
Stepping and Balance Stones: These soft “stones” can be used as an obstacle course and the kids have to step from one to the other. Provides lot of fun time and also helps develop balance and coordination.
Slide: This is a classic toy that toddlers love to use – just climb up and slide down. They can even take their favorite stuffed animal toy and slide it down.
Spinning Toys: Bilibos are versatile toys that can be used for spinning, rocking, toy carrying, and pretend play. There are other spinning toys that you may consider for your kids. The strength and coordination needed to spin themselves spin make it a great indoor physical activity.
Balance Boards: These great fun for kids, balancing on these boards offer a physical challenge and helps improve balance.
Indoor swing/pod swing: Offers a relaxing swinging place, and helps them calm down.
Twister: The classic board game that is loads of fun and also gets your kids moving. In fact, Twister has been a fun game for all ages since the 60s.
Indoor climbing and play gym: These are basically climbing toys and equipment that doesn’t take up lots of space.
Best Indoor toys for Kids
There are other excellent toys and games that will keep the kids mentally engaged and also make them learn useful things. Some of these can be played by the entire family.
Classing Building Blocks to keep the kids engaged; these also developments motor control and color recognition skills.
Indoor Stem Toys: You get a variety of STEM and construction toys that engage the kids and also teaches.
Hot wheels: These classic toys are still loved by animals and the ones with unique tracks can happily keep them occupied.
Play kitchen Sets that come with all the cookware, utensils, as well as realistic looking appliances.
Farm animal sets for kids: Kids love animals and these animal sets are great for imaginative play.
Board Games: There are several board games, such as monopoly, that can be played by kids (and the entire family).
More indoor creative toys such as Doodle mat. | <urn:uuid:b9c64b8a-47ac-4344-a7e1-8046f46d42cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.funtoyworld.com/indoor-toys/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952658 | 752 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Factor Scoring and Machine Learning algorithm to Predict Student Counselling
Personal realization is one of the best things for a successful life. Sometimes, one needs help to realizeabout bad habits, career goals and accomplish mental health as well as to overcome other problems. This help is generally known as “Counselling”. To ensure effectiveness of counselling service, prime concern is to find out the target group of instances. Many researchers worked with student performance prediction based on academic attributes moreover students’counselling is also needed to increase their performance.We addressed this issue for this paper work.Here,a modelis proposed to predict a student who needs counselling. This study was mainly motivated by two main steps. The first was to investigate university students who feels an urge about having counselling for psychological help from their circumstances and second was to predict efficiently which group of students really needs counselling. This paper work was established with 498 instances and each comprised of 6 attributes. In the case of evaluate the result, paper shows superiority over state-of-the-art methods to predict student counselling through machine learning and factor scoring method. We applied 10 fold cross-validation and 66% dataset splits evaluation method to find out better algorithm among selected 5 algorithms which are Ibk, Naive Bayes, Multilayer, SMO and Random Forest. Weka 3.8.0 have been used for machine learningalgorithms where Ibk (Instance Based Learning) was found best for our approach with 95.38% accuracy. | <urn:uuid:b7996abf-3863-4315-891c-c4a2cbdeb199> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/details/361 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96777 | 307 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Disk Defrag will speed up your computer by optimizing file system. It can defragment files, consolidate free space and move system files to the faster part of the disk. With Disk Defrag you will get the maximum out of your hard drive performance. It is supplied with a powerful engine and smart algorithms which allow Disk Defrag to run much faster than similar tools. And with its comprehensive reports you will always be aware of what have been done. Disk Defrag features fast and safe defragmentation of the disk drives, optimization of clusters structure and file system for even better disk performance.
What's new in version 9.5
Version 9.5 may include unspecified updates, enhancements, or bug fixes.
ReleaseJune 30, 2020
Date AddedJune 30, 2020
Operating SystemsWindows 10, Windows 8, Windows Vista, Windows, Windows 7, Windows XP | <urn:uuid:6aa00528-b588-427a-8ed9-a7e73263a37a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://download.cnet.com/Auslogics-Disk-Defrag/3000-18512_4-10567503.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.8586 | 190 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Cyclic ladder utilization
Hardware architecture of relay protection level: the mature relay protection architecture of power system is adopted with high reliability.
The multi-CPU architecture meets high performance: the multi-CPU architecture synchronously controls the communication of multiple devices, solves the contradiction between large computation and low power consumption, and realizes the SOC calculation of 100,000 batteries in seconds.
Edge computation makes energy storage smart: edge computation architecture is adopted to make inferences according to power load characteristics in real time to ensure the real-time performance of energy storage control.
Since entering the business in 1988, Cospower has continuously improved its battery energy storage technology, continuously led and shared its experience, and actively developed new products and promoted the quality improvement of existing products through independent research and development and technical cooperation. | <urn:uuid:1fc867d1-810b-404a-94e4-d17cfcc112a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://en.cospowers.com/product/product_4.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.926234 | 172 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Sharing is a vital skill that is useful in our daily lives, may it be at the playground or at a workplace setting. Having a good understanding of sharing allows us to play and work cooperatively, compromise, and negotiate with others well.
The act of sharing comes in various forms — taking turns, showing love and many more.
It is important to develop good sharing habits at a young age, as this allows children to learn how to build friendships, as well as cooperate with their peers.
Although learning to share can be a challenge for young kids, bringing opportunities and activities for your child can help them to understand the concept of sharing. Here at Trio Kids, we aim to bring fulfilling experiences to children — with our line of products catered to building good sharing habits, your child will be treated to an enjoyable time of fun and learning!
In this article, we provide you and your child with our extensive range of toys and activities — which are also suitable for group fun!
Engaging in art activities is not only important in honing one’s dexterity and fine motor skills, but also helps to introduce concepts of sharing and collaboration. By working on a painting or colouring activity together, children will have the opportunity to explore self-expression while communicating with each other. With our child-safe art supplies, Trio Kids ensures children a safe and enjoyable playtime.
If your kid loves exploring with colours, this tactile experience is definitely one not to miss. Our Children’s Finger Paint Kit comes in two themes – blue and pink, according to your child’s preference. Finger painting activities are a great tool to encourage brain stimulation, language skills, as well as to hone one’s fine motor skills.
Apart from finger painting activities, our Clay Figurine Making kits also provide a tactile experience for little hands. By kneading, rolling and moulding colourful pieces of clay, your child is free to create anything and everything they wish. Our kits come in sets of 24 and 36 colours, so there is plenty to go around!
To enhance your child’s clay figurine making activity, be sure to check out our 5 Piece Modeling Tool Set — this vibrant vegetable-themed tool set introduces concepts such as rolling, moulding and cutting while making different shapes with dough or clay pieces.
Children’s Finger Paint Kit, $47.90
Clay Figurine Making, from $38
5 Piece Modeling Tool Set, $14.50
For those who prefer doodling or drawing, not to worry! Here at Trio Kids, discover our galore of art supplies — from our Washable Crayons to Signature Duo Markers, there is definitely something for every child.
Indulge your young ones in an exciting creative activity today!
Washable Crayons, from $13.90
Signature Duo Markers, $27.90
Know a young one who loves animals?
Introduce your child to the world’s diverse animal kingdom with Trio Kids! Learning about animals is a great opportunity to expand one’s vocabulary and language skills, alongside empathy and caring skills. Through this learning experience, kids will be able to better understand the world around them. Furthermore, animals never fail to fascinate and captivate a child’s attention!
Made out of vibrant-coloured wooden animal figures, our Safari Jeep set serves as an amazing pretend play activity, which promotes language expression, fine motor and logical skills in children. When playing together, this playset provides children with opportunities to communicate, empathise and most importantly, have fun with each other (besides, as the phrase goes — the more the merrier).
Our High-Quality Wooden Puzzle sets are also another fun activity for young animal lovers to indulge in — with 24 colourful puzzle pieces and from 4 different themes to choose from, this puzzle activity not only develops problem-solving skills and hand-eye coordination, but also introduces concepts of patience and concentration. When given the opportunity to solve a puzzle together, children will be able to work as a team and share their achievements.
Safari Jeep, $55.90
High-Quality Wooden Puzzle, $18.90
Have a curious little one?
Not to worry — Trio Kids introduces an extensive range of Science Kits, with various themed activities for your child to choose from!
For kids who prefer a relaxing DIY activity, our Fun Soap Making DIY Kit is the perfect one! Each kit makes up to 10 soap pieces of different shapes and sizes, and are great gifts for family and friends. In addition, this activity is group-friendly — with plenty of materials to go around, children will definitely be treated to an amazing time.
Young science lovers are sure to be fascinated by our I Like Science DIY Kit — introducing new science concepts through hands-on experiments, this activity kit will bring forth curiosity and creativity in children. Spice up your activity and explore the endless world of science with a friend today!
Fun Soap Making DIY Kit, $39.90
I Like Science DIY Kit, $39.90
Here at Trio Kids, we ensure that there is always a fun and fulfilling activity for every child. Dive in and discover our variety of toys and activities for your young ones today! | <urn:uuid:5288a54b-1a58-4601-a763-74afb44a35dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://triokids.com.sg/hands-on-activities/easy-to-share-toys-and-activities-for-2-or-more-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.931579 | 1,110 | 2.953125 | 3 |
A constitution drafted by an Islamist-dominated assembly was approved by a majority of Egyptians in a referendum, rival camps said on Sunday, after a vote the opposition said drove a wedge through the Arab world's most populous nation.
The Muslim Brotherhood, which propelled President Mohamed Morsi Mursi to power in a June election, said 64% of voters backed the charter after two rounds of voting that ended with a final ballot on Saturday. It cited an unofficial tally.
- Egypt's vice president quits Egypt opposition urges more protests
- Egypt blogger strips naked to protest constitution
An opposition official said their unofficial count showed the result was a "yes" vote.
The referendum committee may not declare official results for the two rounds until Monday, after hearing appeals. If the outcome is confirmed, a parliamentary election will follow in about two months.
Morsi's Islamist backers say the constitution is vital for the transition to democracy, nearly two years after the overthrow of autocrat Hosni Mubarak in an uprising. It will provide stability needed to help a fragile economy, they say.
Egyptian ballot (Photo: Reuters)
But the opposition accuses Morsi of pushing through a text that favors Islamists and ignores the rights of Christians, who make up about 10% of the population, as well as women. They say it is a recipe for further unrest.
"According to our calculations, the final result of the second round is 71% voting 'yes' and the overall result (of the two rounds) is 63.8%," a Brotherhood official, who was in an operations room monitoring the vote, told Reuters.
His figures were confirmed by a statement issued shortly afterwards by the group and broadcast on its television channel.
The Brotherhood and its party, as well as members of the opposition, had representatives monitoring polling stations and the vote count across the country.
The opposition said voting in both rounds was marred by abuses and had called for a re-run after the first stage. However, an official said the overall vote favored the charter.
"They (Islamists) are ruling the country, running the vote and influencing the people, so what else could we expect," the senior official from the main opposition coalition, the National Salvation Front, said.
The build-up to the vote witnessed deadly protests, sparked by Mursi's decision to award himself extra powers in a decree on November 22 and then to fast-track the constitution to a vote.
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Dubuque County is the first in the state to try a new emergency response system called “Smart911.” County Emergency Communications Manager, Mark Murphy, says the system is voluntary and allows residents to create a database of information linked to any phone number. “Such as medical conditions, for instance diabetes, epilepsy, alzheimers things like that, they can put that information in to inform responders of their condition. They can put medications in and emergency contact information in — any special medical needs or home needs associated with that number,” Murphy says.
The service allows emergency responders to know a lot more than the dispatcher now receives from a regular or cellphone. “If they call from a landline right now we get their name associated with the phone number and and address,” Murphy explains. “If they call from a cellular number we can basically get the cellular number and the latitude and longitude associated with where they are calling from.”
The service isn’t just for private homeowners. “Businesses can log in and put in information about their business — contact information so forth. They can also put in floor plans in for the businesses. Residents can also put floor plans in as well,” Murphy says. He says all that information would then be available to first responders.
That’s a lot of confidential information involved, but Murphy says it is safe. “It is a secure website kept offsite…we can only see the information if a person dials 9-1-1, and then only for a certain period of time,” Murphy says. Murphy says all the information can be very valuable and save time for those responding to an emergency.
“People are required to update it every six months to keep it clean and up to date,” Murphy says. He says the accounts are sent a text message from the company that runs the system every six months asking them to update the information.
Dubuque County started signing people up for the service at the start of this month. Murphy wants them to be an example for others. “I hope to be the guinea pig that shows people how it works,” Murphy says. “I think it is a very good product. It has a lot of advantages for the citizens of Dubuque County, it should literally help us get a better response for the public.”
Those wanting to subscribe can go to a website and log in and fill out their information. Murphy says the $14,000 first year cost of the system is being paid for with funds seized by the Dubuque County Drug Task Force. The Dubuque County Sheriff’s Department and the City of Dubuque Police Department will split the cost going forward. | <urn:uuid:fe0dd6c5-6fe6-480d-8583-003bb56651d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.radioiowa.com/2013/12/24/dubque-county-the-first-to-try-smart911/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954234 | 570 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The Silver Bear (formerly also the Silver Berlin Bear ) is a film prize created by the sculptor Renée Sintenis , which has been awarded by the Berlinale International Jury since 1956, alongside the main prize ( Golden Bear ) .
The jury awards Silver Bears among the nominated films in the official Berlinale competition in seven categories, one of which is the so-called Grand Jury Prize . The other categories are currently Best Director, Best Actress, Best Actor and another prize for outstanding artistic achievement. The International Short Film Jury will award the second best production in the short film competition with a Silver Bear.
In 2008, a prize was awarded for the best screenplay for the first time. In addition, the international short film jury awarded a Silver Bear as the jury prize to a film in the short film competition. At the same time, no separate award was given for the Best Film Music category, which has existed since 2002 .
As of 2021, the awards for the best actor and the best actress are to be discontinued, instead awards for the best acting in a leading role and the best acting in a supporting role are to be awarded. The Alfred Bauer Prize is to be replaced by the Jury Prize . The ProQuote Film association criticized the gender-neutral prizes as a fig leaf for innovation , saying that the Berlinale is far from gender equality . Much more films by men than by women were shown in the festival's competition.
The price categories at a glance:
|Grand Jury Prize||1957 (1951)|
|Jury Prize - Short Film||1956|
|Outstanding artistic achievement||2008|
No longer awarded prizes:
- Best Film Music (2002-2007)
- Special artistic achievement (1956-2007)
- Outstanding Individual Achievement (1956-2005)
- New Silver Bear Rule: Berlinale will in future award gender-neutral acting awards. In: spiegel.de. August 24, 2020, accessed on August 24, 2020 .
- Berlinale now awards gender-neutral actor prizes. In: The press . August 25, 2020, accessed August 25, 2020 .
- Janick Nolting: Berlinale takes place in 2021 and changes the award ceremony. In: digitalfernsehen.de. August 24, 2020, accessed August 25, 2020 .
- Film Festival: Criticism of Berlinale for gender-neutral price. In: Small newspaper . August 25, 2020, accessed August 25, 2020 .
- Uwe Mantel: Changes at the Berlinale: Acting Association criticizes gender-neutral prices. In: Dwdl.de . August 25, 2020, accessed August 25, 2020 . | <urn:uuid:08c0a1cf-43b0-4f26-ab99-7611d9c14028> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://de.zxc.wiki/wiki/Silberner_B%C3%A4r | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.893993 | 597 | 1.546875 | 2 |
What We Believe
At Mosaic we are committed to living out our faith in three distinct ways; To Love, Serve, and Grow.
We are committed to LOVE God and sharing that LOVE with our neighbors.
We are committed to SERVE the needs of our communities and those around the world.
We are committed to GROW deeper in our love of God and in community with each other.
Our Values (click one below to find out more)
We believe God has uniquely created every person. We are all “wired” differently. Consider human DNA or genetic structure. No two fingerprints are the same. We don’t all dress alike, wear our hair the same, listen to the same music, read the same books, and minister alike. God created us differently. We are all created in God’s image. We have a common connection through Christ and our Creator. We recognize, value and celebrate differences in age, race, ethnic background, language, socioeconomic, geographic culture of origin, and formative faith traditions. While we are diverse, community is what brings us together. We find unity within the diversity of God’s creation. Diversity does not mean division. We become one under the Lordship of Jesus Christ.
At Mosaic, we recognize that while we may hold different views, opinions and interpretations on scriptures, politics, world views, economics, sports, etc., we seek to respect our differences. We do not believe gossip, personal/destructive criticism, sarcasm, and judgment of others does anything to exalt Jesus Christ or build up His church. We strongly value encouragement, peace and unity within the body of Christ. We believe division from within is one of the biggest problems facing the church today. We must strive to live out God’s Great Commandment that we love God and one another.
We understand that people are tired and skeptical of churches where people claim to be something they are not. We are human – broken, imperfect, sinful people in need of a sovereign, holy, righteous, loving and forgiving God. We’re not always happy, but we never lose the joy of our salvation. We have honest struggles with life and faith. We share them and encourage one another in our struggles. We prefer that everything be up front and on the table. So when we make mistakes we admit it, laugh, learn from it, grow and move on. Sometimes that’s uncomfortable, but at least it’s honest and transparent, like Jesus and the Early Church. We want our lives to be living testimonies of God’s grace as we strive to be more like Jesus Christ.
We have been created to glorify God. We bring glory to God through our worship, ministry and service. We truly believe that Christ has called and wired us to serve others in His name. Jesus Christ modeled the ultimate in service and sacrifice by washing His disciples feet, ministering to the broken, wounded, social outcasts, sinners, and ultimately by giving His life on the cross for us. We want to help each other minister and serve like Him. We seek creative, innovative and non-traditional ways to minister in Jesus’ name. We also believe that we not only exist to serve the unchurched and non-Christian community, but each other as well.
We believe God has given us joy through our relationship with Jesus Christ. Our definition of joy is not a people who are always swinging from the rafters on an emotional high that ignores the pains and heartaches within our community. Joy is part of our journey as fellow pilgrims who are following Christ. We do not believe the absence of happiness means the absence of joy. Happiness is not always possible in the middle of life’s pains, but joy enables us to move through the pain, trouble, or rough times. Joy is a key ingredient of our worship celebrations, ministries and small groups. Many times we exercise our joy through humor. We genuinely believe laughter is one of God’s greatest gifts to humanity. We use humor a lot to deal with life. In the Mosaic Community we laugh a lot. We laugh with each other, but never at each other. We believe the ability to laugh with others and at ourselves is a mark of maturity. While we’re serious about Christ and our faith, we try not to take ourselves too seriously because this about Jesus Christ, not us.
Mosaic was founded with the vision of using non-traditional methods and approaches to reach our community. We value sharing the Good News and hope of Jesus Christ with others. We believe relationships are critical to sharing Christ. We value establishing and maintaining relationships with people who don’t go to church so they can begin to learn and see firsthand what it means to follow Jesus and the difference. We want all people to begin a relationship with Jesus Christ become committed disciples.
People never stop growing. As we grow older we mature physically, emotionally, and mentally. Spiritual maturity should be the natural progression of a relationship with Jesus Christ. We want to become more like Jesus. The traditional church calls this discipleship, which is rooted in the biblical word we translate learner. In other words, as committed followers of Jesus Christ and pilgrims for Christ, we never stop learning. We believe all followers of Christ, no matter how old should never stop learning and growing through the, the spiritual disciplines (worship, prayer, fasting, meditation, Bible study, service, and spiritual gift development) practiced within and outside the faith community. We recognize that not everyone is at the same point of growth and do not make light or fun of people who are new to the faith. There is no such thing as a stupid question at Mosaic! Growth in Christ does not happen outside of community. | <urn:uuid:a2f152d8-30c4-4f27-af67-a5ba6c56fcea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mosaiceasley.org/what-we-believe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953104 | 1,190 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Teeth loss is a severe dental issue. It can lead to many other health problems, including infection and death. There are many reasons someone might lose their teeth, but gum disease is the most common. Other causes of tooth loss include cavities, accidents, medications, and others.
People who lose their teeth have a more challenging time eating and speaking. They may develop other health problems. Fortunately, there are solutions to prevent tooth loss and restore lost teeth.
Dental implants and dentures are those major solutions for teeth loss. Dental implant treatment has developed new tricks and techniques to keep your smile where dentures have been known for ages.
Dental implants are made with titanium. They are implanted into the jawbone, and a crown is placed over the implant.
Dentures are removable dental appliance that replaces missing teeth. They are made of plastic or acrylic and fit over the gums.
People often get confused about choosing the one between them. Well, both of them work differently and have their own effectiveness. But the critical point is that dental implant surgery varies in a permanent solution, whereas dentures are only available for temporary use.
Difference between the dental implant and denture
As dental implants in Mumbai are becoming popular as well as in the whole world, people are becoming well conscious of the treatment.
The dental implant is a surgical procedure. This is done in multiple sittings. In the first place, the doctor will remove the damaged root. The next step is surgically inserting the titanium post into the jawbone. The implant will be deep into the jawbone to support the system from the core, and that’s why dental implant surgery is more secure.
After the procedure, you need a few weeks to heal, and then the next step will happen. In the next step, the post will be adjusted with a crown when the bone starts to grow.
Dentures are removable dental prostheses used to supplant missing teeth. Dentures are made with acrylic, metal, or a combination of both. Dentures are custom-made for each individual and may require several appointments for fabrication. The first step is taking an impression of the patient’s mouth. This is used to create a mould that will be used to make the dentures. The dentist will then select the appropriate size and shape of denture teeth and create a colour palette that best matches the patient’s natural teeth. Once the teeth are designed, they are fitted to the mould and bonded. Final adjustments may be made to ensure a comfortable fit.
The dental implant is like natural teeth, which look and work the same. So dental implants need no special care. Our everyday things for our teeth and oral care are sufficient for them. Brushing twice daily, flossing, and monthly checkups are all you need.
But if the crown broke accidentally, you need to replace that by appointing a doctor.
Dentures have few precautions. One shouldn’t wear dentures overnight. Meanwhile, soak them in water or other cleansing liquid. And always clean the dentures right after finishing any meal or snacks. As dentures are removable, they are easily washable. Toothpaste and a brush are fine for washing them.
Dental implant treatment is comparatively more comfortable than dentures. As implants are a permanent solution and act like natural teeth, the patient will never feel discomfort.
Dentures are removable, and sometimes it feels uncomfortable in the mouth. Especially the first time. And when they get older, there are chances for dentures to get loose.
Dental implant surgery needs a certain amount of jawbone and almost healthy gums to adjust the posts in the jawbone. That’s why people who have lost their jawbone or have lousy gum health can’t have dental implant surgery.
On the other hand, anyone of any age can have dentures as they are a wearable tool.
Dental implants are costlier than dentures as they work better than them. But it would be best if you always chose your clinic to have a secure surgical procedure.
There are no such problems with dental implant treatment, but as said earlier, if the crown brokes somehow, you need a new one again. However, there is a 5 to 10% chance of having gum disease or other oral problems with a dental implant. But if you consider a good clinic that provides quality service, there is a 0% chance of having any issue regarding dental implants.
The common problem with dentures is sores forming on the gums and misplacement of the dentures.
Dental implants clinic
Dental implants in India are so popular that many dental implant clinics are available. But how to choose the best one?
Signature Smiles is a dental implant clinic where one can have a safe procedure. This clinic is not only for dental implant treatment, but one can have all kinds of dental procedures and surgeries. Signature Smiles is a popular clinic worldwide with patients from foreign countries, and now they are available in India too. You can have dental implant surgery with improved technology and techniques without going outside India.
For the trust, check out their official website and patient reviews. You can book your session from home on the website. If you want other dental services, you can check that too.
Don’t let the pain suffer you. The more you leave the problem, the more it will spread. So have your hands on the solution with signature smiles. | <urn:uuid:c943d3d3-6871-4b51-b9a9-9e0f57cd207d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://justanotherblogger.org/what-is-the-difference-between-dental-implants-and-dentures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947641 | 1,145 | 3.125 | 3 |
The Impact of the Mysterious Force on the Degenerate Characters’ Transformation in the Selected Short Stories by Flannery O’Connor
The readers who are familiar with Flannery O’Connor’s fictional world might probably admit that it resembles a gallery of freaks deformed both in body and spirit. Her short stories contain numerous portrayals of aberrant behaviour as well as frequent descriptions of pathological states. Moreover, the author acquaints the reader with her characters’ predicament and its consequences. It seems that an inherent element of these protagonists’ abnormal behaviour is their total lack of control over their lives. Although they believe, they are capable of holding their fate in their own hands, their impotence invariably becomes apparent. O’Connor’s characters suffer defeat attempting to wield influence on their actions and end up entangled in the destructive vortex they cannot defy. These struggles often lead to death. Alternatively, the protagonists experience the state of death-in-life. The American writer’s stories portray the figure whose existence is submitted to the supremacy of a mysterious force. This inexplicable energy contributes to the alleviation of the character’s desperate state, induced by his abnormal conduct.
How does the aberrant behaviour manifest itself and how does the afflicted hero eliminate chaos from his life? First of all, the significance of death in the protagonist’s metamorphosis is worth mentioning. Patrick Galloway portrays O’Connor’s characters’ death as a positive process. Her short stories abound with violent and shocking scenes of death. For instance, the Polish immigrant, Guizac, is crushed by a tractor in “The Displaced Person”; Mrs May, the main heroine of “Greenleaf”, meets her end being impaled on the bull’s horn; the grandmother gets shot by the serial killer in “A Good Man is Hard to Find” and two main heroes of “A View of the Woods” – Mr Fortune and his granddaughter beat each other to death. Appalling and useless as the brutality of these scenes appears, it fulfils an essential function. Galloway explains the extreme use of violence in the American author’s writing, pointing out that: “according to O’Connor’s literary philosophy, the man in a violent situation reveals those aspects of his character that he will take with him into eternity.” Moreover, Galloway develops his thought stating that Flannery O’Connor based her approach on Martin Heidegger’s philosophy and his concept of Dasein , being-there. Heidegger perceives the moment of death as the time when a man’s existence becomes complete, for better or worse. What is particularly important, O’Connor’s protagonist is forced to reintroduce order in his world because the excess of vanity and hatred in his life leads to the loss of control over his own existence. Thus, the moment of death is a salvation as it provides the opportunity to comprehend the inadequacy of the character’s self.
As far the course of the “self-intoxicated” protagonist’s transformation is concerned, the final scene of “Greenleaf” portrays the metamorphosis Mrs May undergoes confronting her brutal destiny. As the embittered heroine is impaled on the horn of Greenleaf’s bull, the reader learns that “(…) she had the look of a person whose sight has been suddenly restored but who finds the light unbearable” and that “(…) she seemed, when Mr Greenleaf reached her, to be bent over whispering some last discovery into the animal’s ear.” At the moment of death Mrs May is endowed with knowledge which would be inaccessible to her were she alive. This heroine as well as Mrs Cope in “A Circle of the Fire”, Mrs McIntyre in “The Displaced Person” or Ruby Turpin in “Revelation” are confined in a tiny world they consider satisfactory. Despite their undoubted virtues, such as industriousness and efficiency, they are forced to encounter a violent shock in order to recover humility. Moreover, they are compelled to abandon the feeling of contempt towards those whose achievements are less impressive than their own. If it were not for the protagonists’ loss of life, their perfectly mastered world could not disintegrate and consequently, they would be unable to comprehend reality. What is equally important, the characters’ painful transformation is essential for them to obtain grace.
The farm owners are not the only type of self-satisfied protagonists that Flannery O’Connor depicts in her fiction. The grandmother in “A Good Man is Hard to Find”, is another example of a character whose fate must be determined by external factors. On the surface, she differs from the industrious, business-like and well-organized landladies. She is nostalgic about the past, makes constant references to the time of her youth when good manners existed and laments over the fact that respect and decency have lost their true meaning. Yet, she resembles such heroines as Mrs May, Mrs Cope or Mrs McIntyre in her limited vision of life. The grandmother appears pathetic because she is forced to cope with a world that became foreign for her. Her development ended at a certain stage, that is why her attitudes seem childish, naïve and irresponsible. Her perception of life is not only limited but also distorted. The woman views herself as the most righteous person in the family, which is illustrated in her comments about respect in her time: “Children were more respectful of their native states, and their parents and everything else. People did right then.” In fact, the lies and trickery she employs in order to achieve her aims lead to the annihilation of her whole family. During the family trip, the grandmother mentions the plantation house that would be worth visiting because of its educational values. As a result, the family deviates from the main road, which is the onset of their destruction. Brenda Brandon, in her essay The Price of Distortion, notices that “this family got sidetracked spiritually, as well as geographically and now they will pay the price for going astray”. The grandmother’s views appear remarkably ridiculous when she utters them in the presence of The Misfit, the serial killer, whom the family encounters during their journey. The heroine is convinced that she is a respectable lady and that she will be recognized as such by others. Laurence Enjolras points out that:
When the grandmother, clad from head to foot in what she imagines to be the proper attire for a lady, clings desperately to that image of herself she figures will impress The Misfit, hysterically pleading ‘I know you wouldn’t shoot a lady!’ she is grossly unaware of the fact that The Misfit and she do not speak the same language.
The protagonist’s dialogue with the assassin reveals the fact that the woman is “a victim of her own imagination” Although she considers herself a good Christian, it turns out that her faith is shallow as she does not comprehend the concept of sin, salvation and damnation. The criminal’s reflections on religion seem to be undoubtedly more mature than those of the grandmother. The Misfit bestows knowledge on the heroine. The woman’s encounter with the murderer opens her for accepting grace and prepares her for shedding the false identity she possesses. The emptiness of the protagonist’s self-made world becomes apparent even to herself when she finally realizes her impotence attempting to save her life:
Patrick Galloway, The Dark Side of the Cross: Flannery O’Connor’s Short Fiction, 1996, http://www.cyberpat.com/essays/flan.html, April 12, 2007.
Dasein is a concept forged by Martin Heidegger in his magnum opus Being and Time (1927). It is derived from da-sein, which literally means being-there/here, though Heidegger was adamant that this was an inappropriate translation of Dasein. In German, Dasein is synonymous with existence, as in I am pleased with my existence (ich bin mit meinem Dasein zufrieden). For Heidegger, however, it must not be mistaken for a subject, that is something objectively present. Heidegger was adamant about this distinction, which carried on Nietzsche's critique of the subject. Dasein, as a being that is constituted by its temporality, illuminates and interprets the meaning of being in time. “Dasein,” Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2007, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasein, April 12, 2007.
Laurence Enjolras, Flannery O’Connor’s Characters (Lanham – New York – Oxford: University Press of America, 1998), p. 32.
Flannery O’Connor, “Greenleaf” in Everything That Rises Must Converge (New York: The Library of America, 1988), p. 523.
Ibid., p. 524.
Flannery O’Connor, “A Good Man is Hard to Find” in A Good Man is Hard to Find (New York: The Library of America, 1988), p. 139.
Brenda Brandon, The Price of Distortion, 2003, http://mediaspecialist.org/bbprice.html, April 13, 2007.
Laurence Enjolras, Flannery O’Connor’s Characters, op. cit. , p. 38.
- Quote paper
- M.A. Anna Dabek (Author), 2008, The Impact of the Mysterious Force on the Degenerate Characters’ Transformation in the Selected Short Stories by Flannery O’Connor, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/284450 | <urn:uuid:30287c49-7b13-4787-a008-7f6df2bf084c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.grin.com/document/284450 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.955568 | 2,141 | 2.625 | 3 |
An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Essex, Volume 3, North East. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1922.
This free content was digitised by double rekeying and sponsored by English Heritage. All rights reserved.
51. LAWFORD. (E.b.)
(O.S. 6 in. xix. S.E.)
Lawford is a parish on the S. bank of the Stour and 7 m. N.E. of Colchester. The church and Lawford Hall are the principal monuments.
(1). Parish Church of St. Mary (Plate, p. 149) stands near the N. end of the parish. The walls are of flint and stone-rubble, septaria and brick; the dressings are of limestone; the roofs are covered with tiles and slates. The Nave was built at the beginning of the 14th century and about the middle of the same century the Chancel was rebuilt and the South Porch added. The West Tower is perhaps of the same period, but was extensively altered and the tower-arch rebuilt early in the 16th century; it was again repaired late in the 17th century. The North Aisle was added in 1826 and the church has since been restored and the chancel-arch rebuilt.
The chancel is a remarkably rich example of 14th-century work and the woodwork of the S. porch is also noteworthy.
Architectural Description—The Chancel (36½ ft. by 20 ft.) is of mid 14th-century date. It has a moulded plinth and the walls below the window sills are faced with brick and flint chequer-work. The S.E. and S.W. buttresses were each enriched with two niches with trefoiled ogee and crocketed heads and side shafts with pinnacles; the upper niche in the S.W. buttress has lost its head. The middle buttress on the N. of the chancel has a similar niche above which is a carved cock. The E. window is modern except for the splays, rear-arch and internal label. In the N. wall (Plate, p. 151) are four windows, of which the two western appear to be of earlier type than the others; the easternmost is of three trefoiled ogee lights with tracery in a two-centred head with moulded labels, jambs and mullions; the second window is of three lights of which the middle one is cinquefoiled and the others trefoiled; the tracery is in a head similar to the easternmost window; the two western windows are each of three trefoiled ogee lights, with quatrefoils or trefoils in a two-centred head, etc., similar to the other windows; all four windows are included under an internal wall-arcade resting on attached shafts with moulded capitals and bases; the arch-moulds are richly carved with foliage in the two western bays, with owls and foliage in the second bay, and with a series of figures, mostly male, in the easternmost bay; these figures form a chain, some holding each other by the leg, and two play on musical instruments; between the two pairs of windows is a narrow blind bay, behind the buttress, with a trefoiled and traceried head in a crocketed gable with side shafts and pinnacles. The S. wall (Plate, p. 150) is similar in general arrangement to the N. wall; the window tracery varying in each case; each window is of three trefoiled lights, except the westernmost, which is of three cinquefoiled lights; the wall arcade has arch-moulds carved in foliage, fruit, birds and squirrels; below the second window is a doorway with moulded jambs and two-centred arch carved with diaper ornament and a moulded label carved with running foliage; the rear-arch is in range with the sedilia (see Fittings). The chancelarch is modern.
The Nave (41½ ft. by 20½ ft.) has a modern N. arcade. In the S. wall are two windows both of early 14th-century date with an 18th-century wooden frame and mullion in a two-centred head with a moulded label; between them is the late 14th-century S. doorway with moulded jambs, two-centred arch and label with defaced head-stops
The West Tower (11 ft. by 9 ft.) is of three stages and is much repaired, if not largely rebuilt, with 17th-century brick. The early 16th-century brick tower-arch is two-centred and of two chamfered orders, the outer continuous and the inner resting on attached shafts with moulded capitals and modern corbels. The W. window and doorway are modern. On the outer face of the N. wall are remains of a window design, in pudding-stone with flint-inlay. The second stage has in the E. wall an opening into the roof; in the N. wall is a broken quatrefoiled window of early 16th-century date and of brick. The bell-chamber has in each wall a late 17th-century brick window of two square-headed lights.
The South Porch is of mid 14th-century date and of timber-framing on dwarf rubble walls. The outer archway is modern but flanking it are a pair of lights with cinquefoiled ogee heads and traceried spandrels. The side walls are partly plastered externally and each consist of three bays, each bay containing three cinquefoiled lights (Plate, p. 133) with more or less elaborate tracery above them; the N.E. bay has lost its lights and tracery and the middle bay on both sides its mullions.
The Roof of the S. porch is of the 14th century and is flat and divided into twelve square bays by moulded ribs with round bosses at the intersections, all defaced except two which have a face and a rosette respectively.
Fittings—Bells: three; 1st by Miles Graye, 1667; 3rd by John Thornton, 1714. Communion Table: In N. aisle—with turned legs, fluted top rail and carved brackets, early 17th-century. Cupboard: In tower—in N. wall of second stage, rectangular with slots for shelves, 17th-century. Door: In turret staircase to tower, of one piece with strap-hinges, early 16th-century. Glass: In chancel—in N.E. window, fragments of tabernacle work, etc.; in tracery of second N. window, trefoil with geometrical roundel, vine leaves and border, in situ; in third window, fragments only; in N.W. window, in tracery a considerable amount of oak leaf and acorn designs with borders, in situ, in heads of lights fragments of tabernacle work; in S.E. window and third S. window, fragments of foliage; in S.W. window, oak leaf and acorn design, with fragment of tabernacle work, sun, rosettes, etc.; all 14th-century. Monuments and Floor-slabs. Monuments: In chancel—on N. wall, (1) of Edward Waldegrave, 1584, and Johan (Ackworth), his wife, alabaster and marble wall-monument, with kneeling figures of man in armour and wife, in arched recesses, divided and flanked by Corinthian columns supporting an entablature, cresting and three shields of arms. In churchyard —S. of chancel, (2) to John Edes, 16(5)8, slab on modern base. Floor-slabs: In chancel—(1) to Sarah (Bingham), wife of Edward Waldegrave, 1634; (2) to Thomas Harris, 1699, rector of the parish, with achievement of arms; (3) to Edward Waldegrave, 1621. Niches: In chancel—flanking E. window, two, modern, but incorporating moulded jambs and bases, 14th-century. On S.W. buttress of nave—with cinquefoiled head, 15th-century. See also Architectural Description under Chancel. Piscina and Sedilia: In chancel—in one range, with rear-arch of doorway, piscina and three bays of sedilia divided by square piers with diapered faces and attached shafts with moulded and foliated capitals and moulded bases, cinquefoiled ogee heads with moulded and crocketed labels and finials carved on front of horizontal moulded string-course; piers or buttresses between bays, carried up as pinnacles also crocketed and finialed, moulded ogee rear-arch of doorway similarly treated; the spandrels are carved with vine and oak leaves and have a series of figures in high relief playing musical instruments, one in each spandrel; the spandrels of the doorway have each a large crowned head and a number of much mutilated smaller figures; the string-course is carved with grotesque beasts and heads, round drain to piscina, all mid 14th-century. Plate: includes cup and cover-paten of 1663 and a paten of 1695 given in 1696. Stoup: In S. porch—with moulded jambs and cinquefoiled head, broken bowl, late 14th-century. Sundial: On middle S. buttress of nave, scratched dial.
Condition—Good, except tower.
(2). Lawford Hall, 300 yards N.N.W. of the church, is of two storeys, partly timber-framed and plastered and partly of brick; the roofs are tiled. It was built c. 1580 on an H-shaped plan, with the cross-wings at the E. and W. ends. The S. front was entirely refaced about the middle of the 18th century. The upper storey projects at the N. ends of the cross-wings with original moulded bressumers; the projection of the E. wing has moulded brackets. In the N. part of both wings are some original windows with moulded oak mullions; that at the end of the W. wing is of five transomed lights, and, reused as a sill, is an original moulded bressumer carved with griffons, etc., and two shields with the initials A. and C.B. Two of the chimneystacks are original and have octagonal shafts, more or less rebuilt and moulded bases; at the back of the main block is a stack with 17th-century grouped hexagonal shafts.
Inside the building is some 17th-century panelling and an original doorway with a moulded frame. Reset in two windows on the N. of the main block is a collection of stained glass roundels and shields, including (a) royal arms within a crowned wreath, and crowned initials E.R., 16th-century; (b) two quartered coats of Bowyer, one dated 1596, and Bowyer impaling Brabant, dated 1599; (c) quartered coats of Fifield, one dated 1599; (d) quartered coat of Bulstrode, late 16th-century; (e) figure of a coped bishop with inscription Sc~s Rycarde, probably St. Richard of Chichester, late 15th-century; (f) 16th-century roundels of foreign glass, including a shield dated 1547; armorial device of the Imperial City of Fribourg with other towns; angel with a shield dated 1541; group of women playing instruments; St. John; and St. Quirinus (Plate, p. 192).
Condition—Good, much altered.
(3). Dale Hall, nearly ½ m. E. of the church, is of two storeys; the walls are of brick and plastered timber-framing; the roofs are tiled. It was built late in the 17th century, with crosswings at the E. and W. ends. The S. front is of brick, with a band between the storeys. Inside the building are original ceiling-beams and some exposed timber-framing.
The following monuments, unless otherwise described, are of the 17th century and of two storeys, timber-framed and plastered; the roofs are tiled or thatched. Some of the buildings have original chimney-stacks and exposed ceiling-beams.
Condition—Good or fairly good.
(4). Cottage, at S.W. corner of churchyard, has been mostly refaced with brick.
(5). Cottage, now two tenements, on S. side of Mill Hill, 1,100 yards W. of the church.
(6). House, now three tenements, on S. side of road in W. outskirts of Manningtree and about 1 m. E.N.E. of the church, was built probably in the 15th century with the cross-wings at the N. and S. ends. Inside the building are original cambered tie-beams with curved braces.
(7). House, now four tenements, on W. side of road, 30 yards S. of (6), was built probably in the 16th century and has an early 17th-century extension on the N.
(8). House, now three tenements, 30 yards E. of (6), was built probably early in the 16th century. There is a 17th-century extension at the E. end. The upper storey formerly projected on the N. front, but has been under-built. Inside the building is an original doorway with a four-centred head. The middle room has original moulded joists and ceiling-beams and the roof has a king-post truss.
(9). House, now five tenements, 40 yards E. of (8), was built in the 16th century. There are late 17th-century additions on the E. and S. The timber-framing is exposed on the W. side. | <urn:uuid:12306e2d-f055-4885-9038-fed7fe8c5caf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/essex/vol3/pp151-154 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959869 | 3,105 | 2.34375 | 2 |
1. Ford F-150
0-60 MPH time: 5.6 seconds
When Ford took the big risk of redesigning the most popular pickup truck of all time, the F-150, with an aluminum truck body and bed, not many consumers were extremely excited about the truck. Ford took its time to ensure they got the truck right, and the F-150 is one of the fastest pickup trucks on the road today. The truck can go from zero to 60 MPH in just 5.6 seconds with the overall weight of the vehicle being reduced by 700 lbs from previous generations of the auto. The 5.0 liter, eight cylinder engine of the truck is rated at 376 lb-ft of torque and 325 horsepower with a top overall speed of 107 MPH. The new F-150 also has an improved overall fuel efficiency with a rating of 17 MPG (city) and 23 MPG (highway). | <urn:uuid:9f763443-add3-4a3d-8c4f-b96b6b407c1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carophile.com/fastest-pickup-trucks-on-the-road-today/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969726 | 187 | 1.578125 | 2 |
This year Lent beings on February 14 with Ash Wednesday. It seems that often Lent is a more difficult season to move through then Advent. Lent is a season that invites us to deeper prayer and sacrifice. It invites us to reflect and repent. And it certainly is a more solemn time then Advent. Yet, the season of Lent can be such a meaningful opportunity for families and churches to engage in because lent offers the opportunity to reflect on the beautiful grace that comes in repentance. I read a sentence once that shifted my outlook completely.
LENT IS LOVE
If we sacrifice, or give up something for lent, if we spend more time in deeper prayer, if we find special ways to serve or engage in charity work and we do all of this in the mindset of love how sweet the experience is.
When I first saw that Ash Wednesday happened to also be Valentine’s Day, my first thought was, I wonder how many people won’t give up chocolate for lent this year?! And for those whose practice is to fast on Ash Wednesday, I also wondered what that might mean for Valentine’s celebrations. But as I have reflected on the statement Lent is Love, I am really glad that Lent begins on Valentine’s Day and for me it has inspired me to move through the season of Lent in a fresh way. Perhaps you choose to celebrate Valentine’s Day as a day honouring an early saint or maybe you see it as a day to celebrate romantic love. I think there is beauty in both those ways of acknowledging the day.
I wonder if this year Valentine’s Day might inspire you to begin the season of Lent in Love. I am not yet sure if there is a tangible item that I will set aside to ‘fast’ from but one thing I do know is I am going to move through this season in love. The devotional I have chosen to go through this Lent is God’s Love Letters to You: A 40 Day Devotional Experience by Larry Crabb. It is based on his book 66 Love Letters in which Larry moves through each book of the Bible reflecting on what God might be saying to him. It is a beautiful, conversational reflection on each book of the Bible and how God may be personally communicating his love for you.
There are also some ways as a family we will move through the season of lent with our children. Last year I discovered The Jesus Tree. Perhaps you are familiar with the Advent practice called the Jesse Tree? I really enjoy this practice and have been familiar with it for several years but I had never heard of the Jesus Tree until last year. It is very similar in concept, however whereas the Jesse Tree moves through the stories of the ancestors of Jesus during Advent, the Jesse Tree moves through the events of Jesus life. I discovered this downloadable resource and we moved through it last year with our then 2.5 year old.
It was such a special time and I am excited to move through it again this year. This resource was originally created using Scriptures from the gospel of Matthew. The creator has updated the readings this year to include readings from the gospel of John as well. If you purchase the resource you will receive both options in the download. And it costs less then $10!
I recently discovered a new Jesus Tree resource created by Anna Sklar and illustrated by our own Canadian Baptist, Ann-Margret Hovsepian. She has created 3 resources: A book of 48 Colouring Pages with stories for Lent, a book of 48 Family Devotions for Lent, and a book of 48 ornaments for Lent with family devotions and images to colour. I am looking forward to exploring this resource too. More details and how to order are on her webpage.
There are many ideas for moving through the season of Lent in meaningful ways as a family. In my next post I will highlight some more ideas. | <urn:uuid:c1504193-a94b-40ab-9b7a-ff07dbc4ceea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cboqkids.ca/lent-is-love/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969548 | 794 | 1.617188 | 2 |
A federal judge ruled that Maui County violated the Clean Water Act by releasing partially treated wastewater into injection wells close to Lahaina’s coast.
U.S. District Court Judge Susan Oki Mollway ruled on Friday that the county needs a pollutant discharge permit to release the wastewater.
The plaintiffs in the case said the water’s high levels of nitrogen and phosphorous trigger invasive algae outbreaks that are killing coral off Kahekili Beach Park.
Earthjustice filed the lawsuit in 2012 on behalf of the Hawaii Wildlife Fund, the Sierra Club and other organizations. Eathjustice attorney David Henkin said Monday the court will determine penalties after a hearing scheduled for next March.
Maui County spokesman Rod Antone said the county respects the court’s decision but is still reviewing the ruling and evaluating its options. | <urn:uuid:ebab1047-20c1-43c5-ab1f-7e9e205f9946> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.staradvertiser.com/2014/06/02/breaking-news/judge-maui-needs-permit-for-lahaina-wastewater/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.921871 | 171 | 2.078125 | 2 |
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