text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2
values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1
value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Directions College expect to launch a tender for community learning provision for the academic year 2020-21 onwards (for up to 3 years) in April this year.
The government definition of community learning
The purpose of Community Learning is to develop the skills, confidence, motivation and resilience of adults of different ages and backgrounds in order to:
- progress towards formal learning or employment and/or
- improve their health and well-being, including mental health and/or
- develop stronger communities.
Community Learning is reported under the following four delivery strands
- Personal and Community Development Learning – learning for personal and community development, cultural enrichment, intellectual or creative stimulation and for enjoyment (in most cases not leading to a formal qualification).
- Family English, Maths and Language – learning to improve the English, language and maths skills of parents, carers or guardians and their ability to help their children.
- Wider Family Learning – learning to help different generations of family members to learn together how to support their children’s learning.
- Neighbourhood Learning In Deprived Communities – supports local Voluntary and other third sector organisations to develop their capacity to deliver learning opportunities for the residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
Preparing for the launch of the tender
Ahead of this launch you can prepare by registering on the council’s procurement system; this way you’ll be notified when the tender is launched. Reading Borough Council used an electronic (e-Tendering) system called In-Tend for advertising tenders, contracting opportunities, and as a contracts database.
Registering on In-Tend
- Go to the In-Tend website and complete a short online form to register your details and categorise your company in terms of the goods or services it can provide.
- The In-Tend Portal is free for suppliers to register on and use.
- Support is available via downloadable help guides available or via the In-Tend Help Desk on 0844 2728810 or firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:0b60c39c-48a1-44e1-9f0b-8fd68d110981> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rva.org.uk/article/new-directions-college-sub-contracting-community-learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.922044 | 420 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Life is inherently risky and it would be impossible to protect yourself against every potential risk you face. But if you are going to work hard, put money aside and invest it in things that are important to you or improve your life, it makes sense to protect those things as best you can.
General insurance protects you and your assets from the financial risk of something going wrong.
It can’t stop something happening, but if an unexpected loss occurs that is covered by your policy it means you are less likely to:
When arranging insurance, unfortunately many people take shortcuts without seeking proper advice. Often they are disappointed when their insurance doesn’t come to the rescue at their time of need.
Whether it’s commercial, rural, personal or specialty lines insurance, Insura Broking Group will provide you with advice and assistance to make sure you are adequately protected. | <urn:uuid:7a149c18-6e18-4825-815c-75703fa561f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insurabroking.com.au/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969808 | 177 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Not everyone lives on the sunny side of life. Within seconds, circumstances can turn ones life upside down. While in some countries treatment is available straight away, simple things like sheer luck decides between life and death or permanent disability in other countries. In the end, it’s all down to FATE.
In our modern and fast-moving world, even small mishaps can riddle someone off the track and make lives miserable: the loss of a smartphone, a missed flight, a partying neighbour or a broken car. And if something actually bad happens? Well, then we have the luxury of institutions, insurances or savings. Help will eventually come.
Keep in mind through that there are millions of people in these so called third-world-countries who are the backbone of our comfort zone. They do jobs we wouldn’t dare to work in and most often under hazardous conditions that endanger health and well-being. Still, these people bear their fate with the greatest dignity since moaning or groaning will not bring them any further. | <urn:uuid:498df5e4-b1ac-4cbb-b6b0-16fcbe9fafcb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.maierandmaierphotography.com/tough-life-documentation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941998 | 216 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Religion was of supreme importance in the Aztec Empire because of multiple reasons. It provided legitimacy to the rule of the emperors and the social hierarchy of the society.
Additionally, it was closely linked to wars with other city-states since it provided a steady supply of war captives used for human sacrifices during the religious festivals.
Aztec human sacrifice was one of the most important aspects of Aztec religion. It was a central ritual of all religious ceremonies and was thought to appease gods and bring their blessings.
Human sacrifice to the gods was prevalent in Aztec Society and the Skulls of victims were kept and displayed in huge skull racks. Aztec skulls were cleaned and often decorated as shown in the image. Read more about the Aztec Skulls >>
The practice of Aztec human sacrifice was not invented by the Aztecs but also existed in the previous Mesoamerican cultures. For instance, among other cultures it was practiced in the Inca Empire.
The Aztecs had religious festivities at the end of their 20-day month’s and human sacrifice was an essential feature of these festivities.
Human sacrifice also was part of the legend around the founding of the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlan which was accompanied by the sacrifice and skinning of the daughter of the king Coxcox of Culhuacan.
Aztec human sacrifice was an elaborate ritual and an almost standard procedure. The person to be sacrificed was taken to the top of the temple and laid on a stone slab by four priests.
Often the person to be sacrificed was drugged in order to eliminate any resistance. On the stone slab, the abdomen of the victim would be sliced open by a fifth priest using a special ceremonial knife.
The heart of the victim was torn out while still beating. It would be placed in a bowl and the body thrown down the temple stairs.
Child sacrifice was part of Aztec human sacrifice and was performed on regular basis. Children were sacrificed to Aztec god Tlaloc, the rain god. Remains of 42 children sacrificed to Tlaloc have been found in the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan.
Another cruel aspect of this Aztec human sacrifice of the children was that the children were made to cry before the sacrifice. The tears were thought to wet the earth and thus appease the gods. There, if a child did not cry, the priests would sometimes tear of the nails of the child to make him or her cry.
The main purpose and reason of Aztec human sacrifice was to appease gods and avert their wrath. Besides religious purposes, the Aztec human sacrifice also served a political purpose.
The Aztecs were small in number compared to the other subjugated tribes and thus there was always a danger of an alliance between them that could form against the Aztecs.
To avert this, Aztecs demanded humans as a tribute from the subjugated tribes so that these tribes could constantly raid each other to procure humans for sacrifice. This minimised or eliminated the chance of an alliance between them.
The standard method of performing the Aztec human sacrifice was to take the victim to the top of the temple and perform the offering there. Stone slabs and sacrificial knife blades were most important instruments used in the process.
The sacrificial knife blades, made of flint, were used to cut out the heart of the victim who was laid down on the stone slab. The whole process was accompanied by the beating of drums, whistling, and hymns.
The religious temples, mostly constructed at the top of Aztec pyramids, were the conventional locations of Aztec human sacrifice. For instance, remains of dozens of sacrificed children have been found at the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan.
Similarly, sacrifices were performed on all other major pyramids. Aztec human sacrifice in each temple was dedicated to the specific god of that temple and was thought to result in a specific kind of blessing from that god.
Aztec human sacrifices were specific to different gods since different temples were dedicated to different gods. Methods of Aztec human sacrifice for different gods also varied.
For example, victims sacrificed at the altar of the tribal deity of Mexica, Huitzilopochtli, had the standard procedure of being sacrificed at the stone slab with their hearts cut out.
The Aztec human sacrifice for Tezcatlipoca, on the other hand, saw the victims sacrificed in a ritual gladiatorial combat. Similarly, methods varied for other gods such as Huehueteotl and Tlaloc.
Emperors of the Aztec Empire had stakes in Aztec human sacrifice since religion was one of the most important legitimising factors of the kingdom.
For this purpose, the emperors made sure that a steady supply of war captives was maintained to be sacrificed during the religious ceremonies.
Thus constant wars became a need for the Aztec emperors in order to appease the priestly class and serve the political purposes as well.
While there were political and social factors involved in Aztec human sacrifice, the most important factor was of course religion. Human sacrifice was considered a sure way to appease the gods and continue their blessings.
The antecedents of the Aztec human sacrifice as a religious practice can be found in the previous Mesoamerican cultures, however it is hard to trace its exact origins, But by the time Aztec Empire was established, Aztec human sacrifice was an integral part of Aztec religion.
Aztec human sacrifice was highly valued in Aztec society and was considered highest form of offering to the gods.
In everyday life, the concept of sacrifice was ever-present in the Aztec society. Common people made various kinds of offerings in the form of precious metals and grain to the temples.
These were considered lesser forms of sacrifice. A very important aspect of Aztec human sacrifice was the ritual of blood-letting where people cut themselves to offer their blood to the gods.
Aztec human sacrifice was one of the most important aspects of Aztec religion and was performed on regular basis. It was part of all religious ceremonies held at the end of each 20-day Aztec month.
Other than the religious reason of appeasing the gods, Aztec human sacrifice also served the political purpose of eliminating the chance of alliance between rival tribes.
Child sacrifice was also regularly performed in the Aztec temples. The victims were often drugged in order to reduce their resistance during the sacrifice. | <urn:uuid:0dcd5707-ab13-4499-85f6-5ae6ee3fb7bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aztecsandtenochtitlan.com/aztec-human-sacrifice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979537 | 1,322 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Running Head: INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYIndustrial/Organizational PsychologyInstitution AffiliationDate1INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYIndustrial/Organizational (I/O) psychology is both the research of behavior in anorganizational and work environment and the approach methods, certainty, and principals ofpsychology to persons and groups in organizational and work environment (Aamodt, 2013).I/O psychologists mostly use psychological concept and research methods to solveproblems in the work place and upgrade the quality of work life. A good research can beachieved by developing a question which guides and centers a research for example; how areonline users experiencing privacy issues in social networking sites like face book? I/Opsychology prioritizes on understanding the employee behavior in work environment. Forexample, the ask questions such as: how can organization employ and choose the personnel theyneed in order to remain productive? Conducting interviews or spreading surveys to gatherinformation about jobs, and then determining skill, knowledge and preparation of jobdescription.The success of organizations in the modern world is often drive ...
To Order an Original Plagiarism Free Paper on the Same Topic Click Here
Other samples, services and questions:
When you use PaperHelp, you save one valuable — TIME
You can spend it for more important things than paper writing. | <urn:uuid:0abe9194-3641-40c8-8c4e-adc17601f611> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://essay-services.org/56e458596790cbf5/psychology-industrial-psychology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.873616 | 285 | 2.625 | 3 |
One of the most frequently asked questions among Internet marketers, website owners and blog owners alike are how to get Web traffic to their websites as well as blogs. Understandably so, getting more Internet traffic to their own websites gives them a lot greater opportunity to get their communications, products, offers and companies seen, evaluated, and acquired by folk from across the world.
Yeah, that’s a good reason for you to want to be able to drive a continuous flow of free traffic to your websites. One of the most standard and fundamental methods I did so this is SEO (Search Serp Optimization). One of the problems with this technique is simply that many folks miss how to begin to apply it to their websites or pages. This post will give you some insight in order to get started by discussing a few of the basic SEO tactics to get traffic.
To get Internet visitors using SEO it’s very vital for your website to get a top place in the search engine rankings for your selected keywords and search terms. When counting on SEO for generating the traffic you have to develop a website that is effective at meeting the web searcher’s requirements which causes the various search engines in order to want to steer increased visitors to your site.
Your task, for the reason that site owner or custom made will be to build a website which often shows the search engines that your internet site has value to those seeking that specific search term. Subsequently, you boost the number of persons visiting your website as well as make your business’s being successful on the Internet. Gowns one basic key to getting Internet traffic with SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING.
You will have to make sure that your website uses keywords correctly and has an exceptional layout and design, You shouldn’t overuse your keywords. Really much more important to provide premium quality content that is relevant to the particular search terms and useful to the particular visitors. These days the search engines make use of special algorithms that can recognize the quality and relevancy of the website’s content and then list them accordingly.
So never ever stuff keywords, it’s recommended just to deliver quality content. Just what matters the most is just how user-friendly and functional your website will be, so concentrate fewer on a lot of keywords plus more on relevant and beneficial content of value.
You should stay away from SEO techniques that mistreat the search engine guidelines. Learn to make use of SEO correctly and successfully that’s how to get the Internet in order to your sites. By destroying this method it will only allow it to become harder for you to get the standing and traffic you need.
Develop The Right Content For WEB OPTIMIZATION Traffic
Just how do you develop content that’s well suited for search engine ranking? There are numerous elements that take part in the grade and level of quality of content you crank out. You will need to make use of keywords, although it’s also important to take into account the specific design of what you’re producing.
For instance, for the most effective on your content, you can have the first grammatical construction present a general chunk associated with a lead-in, and then the remaining content delivers considerably more targeted information and facts. This technique will draw the reader further inside of your writing while presenting many of your keywords in the first section. This makes it easier for both the engines like google and the reader to observe.
That will help you use this method effectively listed here are helpful tips to keep in mind:
Make certain that the initial paragraph explains the information which can be coming up. The information here really should not be your main information but an idea of what the reader must expect.
Remember to use your keywords and phrases in the first paragraph yet never use too many. This may not be how to get Internet traffic and may only hurt your efforts.
Utilize the next paragraph to increase your subject more. It is crucial for you to continually develop the future prospects interest as they read more. Also, this is an appropriate time to add your current keyword again.
Continue to supply additional targeted information and facts because you get deeper into your information. To hold the reader’s interest you must provide something new in each sentence or paragraph. This would help keep you from repeating yourself over and causing your targeted visitor to stop reading.
Make the continue paragraph a very brief summation of your total content. Your aim is to keep them reading to make sure they will see your call to action as well as what you want them to do future. So don’t leave out often the instructions they will need to ensure that you get action.
Using this type of information structure, you not only correctly organize relevant, useful, high-quality content and information for your traffic, but You’re also optimizing your blog for the search engines by adding the suitable keywords, on the right sites, and in the right amounts. This will likely definitely enable you to achieve every one of your objectives by appropriate use of SEO to the overall readability and effectiveness regarding achieving all the audience’s needs as well as getting the traffic you require.
How to get Internet Traffic together with Proper Use Of Keywords Inside the Text
How to get Internet targeted traffic also includes the correct use of your own terms and keywords in your web pages and content. Despite the fact that I have touched on it in short, I would like to be a little more certain about how and where your current keywords should be used for the very best results.
The first important thing to consider is to use keywords in a normal way. Never place extreme keywords in your content, content takes away the value and also readability for your visitors and may also cause penalties from yahoo and google.
To help you stay clear of that, in addition, to use your keywords correctly in addition to effectively use the following rules:
Be sure to use your keywords inside the title of your article as well as post. This will positively affect the search engines as well as your readers.
Make sure that your keywords are placed in the initially 90 characters of every document, content or blog entry. Even so, just use one like this.
Have a keyword inside a subheading somewhere in your article as well as a post.
Use a keyword over the previous paragraph of a web page’s information.
Place your keywords everywhere they will sound natural inside the remaining content.
Always remember that will keywords may be one of the most beneficial tips to getting Internet traffic to your current websites, as long as they’re tightly related to your niche and provide benefit for your visitors.
Every series and paragraph of your articles should add something useful to your reader. You should also keep your details of high quality and of value simply by not using duplicate articles. By using all of these SEO strategies and techniques, your pr should improve in the search engines. You can additionally end up with a better-made website considering that it has a great deal of excellent content that keeps value and interest to your website visitors in your niche market. | <urn:uuid:0618f4c3-afac-411f-9f82-69645db05420> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reverery.com/50020-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942436 | 1,447 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The term “cultural heritage” has multiple meanings and is a complex concept. Consequently, the concept of cultural heritage requires multidisciplinary approaches and methodologies that apply to a broad range of contexts. Cultural heritage encompasses the humanities, social sciences, and environmental studies, and is best served by identifying the many different perspectives and balancing conflicting interests. Listed below are some of the most important aspects of cultural heritage management. The first component of cultural heritage management is a culture-based approach.
What constitutes cultural heritage? Culture is the combination of intangible and tangible resources that reflect a culture’s identity and past. In other words, cultural heritage represents a group’s history, culture, and traditions. It represents past and current practices and mobilizes the existing resources to preserve these unique qualities for future generations. Cultural heritage includes physical artifacts and practices, but also includes immaterial elements, such as oral history and traditional craftsmanship.
The definition of culture is complex. While many works of cultural heritage literature are purely material, they tend to treat culture as good. There are many instances in which cultural practices raise ethical objections. Nevertheless, cultural heritage advocates frequently claim that nationalists are making misguided assumptions about the value of cultures. By defining their position on cultural internationalism, they seek to safeguard the values and traditions of all nations, and not just those of their own.
Another fundamental aspect of heritage is its use. While the definition of heritage is generally defined as “inheritance from the past,” it also includes the use of that past in the present. As a result, it is important to distinguish between official and unofficial heritage, as the latter may be subject to reinterpretation and critique. This distinction is essential to heritage preservation. This distinction may be useful when addressing dominant historical narratives. The distinction between official and unofficial heritage is important for challenging the dominant historical narratives.
As with other types of heritage, defining and protecting cultural heritage is not a simple matter of identifying what is cultural. It involves recognizing that different cultures have different forms and interpretations of the same things. By recognizing this, information literacy programs can better serve the public and provide relevant information that is not available elsewhere. The term “cultural heritage” is also a common term that is used to describe a broad range of cultural expression. In San Francisco, this term encompasses a range of cultural expressions, ranging from architectural and historic places, to the creation of artifacts and musical heritage.
In the same vein, anthropologists are concerned with the present. Cultural heritage may include both tangible and intangible aspects of human society. For example, anthropologist Karen Fog Olwig describes storytelling in an ethnographic fieldwork project in the U.S. Virgin Islands. While the locals there share the idea that stories should be recorded and shared, they also express apprehension about their stories being published in other contexts.
Many discussions of culture assume a broad understanding of its concept. The term culture encompasses everything that is socially transmitted. While scientific scholarship can also be included, it is difficult to define memory without excluding indigenous knowledge systems. Memory, in particular, is a critical aspect of cultural heritage. People’s memories and past experiences shape the nature of cultural heritage, and scientific scholarship is often excluded from this discussion. Likewise, indigenous knowledge systems are often passed down orally.
The concept of cultural heritage is often associated with the protection of tangible properties. However, this model of cultural heritage is not suitable for intangible objects. It is a commodification of culture, and can freeze social life in time. Furthermore, some practices of cultural heritage will lose their meaning over time. As such, it is essential to recognize the importance of living human treasures as a unique component of intangible cultural heritage. But intangible heritage is different.
Repatriation of cultural heritage is important for the preservation of the heritage. In many cases, repatriation of cultural objects is justified by historical injustice. However, this approach can lead to conflict when it is unclear which culture or group the objects were acquired from. As such, museums may take a retentionist position in such cases. However, the cultural properties of indigenous peoples and cultures are often a contested asset. In some cases, the preservation of cultural objects can be justified by the consideration of compensation and restitution.
Cultural appropriation can have both normative and descriptive meanings. For example, misrepresenting a cultural practice or art form may represent a culture in a false light, trafficking in prejudices and stereotypical ideas. In addition, it can silence marginalized cultural groups, deny them their right to express their culture and suppress their cultural expression. However, cultural appropriation is essential to cultural development and exchange. This article will explore the implications of cultural appropriation. | <urn:uuid:5424384b-322e-4671-aba8-c87c266c9874> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cagd-us.org/cultural-heritage-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936506 | 947 | 3.984375 | 4 |
When she needs a break from her day as a city council aide, Theressa Hamilton retreats to a garden oasis on the roof of City Hall.
There, among the cement, steel and glass, Hamilton smiles at an orange butterfly alit on a green bush with pink flowers. The practicing Buddhist says she uses the garden often to chant.
“Even though it’s downtown, it’s not very noisy, and it’s relaxing. I’m able to digest my food better when I’m sitting out here,” Hamilton says, adding that she tries to escape to her verdant rooftop for at least 15 minutes each day.
City Hall’s “green roof” is one of dozens of projects in Atlanta that are part of the “building green” movement that proponents hope will take root in cities across the country. The city’s progress attracted the U.S. Green Building Council to hold its annual Greenbuild Conference here Wednesday through Friday.
Supporters say the concept of building green has recently gained momentum because of increased concerns about rising energy costs and the creation of a standardized system that certifies buildings as environmentally responsible.
Janet Faust, a horticulturist with JDR Enterprises which specializes in green roofs, said demand for the building feature has increased in the past year among companies concerned about energy costs. In downtown Atlanta, the temperature is 10 degrees warmer than in other parts of the metro area, she said. Green roofs reduce the island effect and add to thermal insulation of buildings.
Green buildings use 30 percent less energy than traditional buildings with methods such as incorporating insulation and windows that help with heating and cooling, said Rick Fedrizzi, president of the U.S. Green Building Council.
Even the direction that a building is facing can make an impact, he added. For example, a building with most of its windows facing south will have higher cooling costs because of its increased sun exposure.
“A lot of times people just don’t think,” Fedrizzi said. “Then you get poor design.”
The environmentally-responsible buildings also emphasize ventilation, water conservation, and the use of non-toxic paint and recycled materials like carpet.
Builders, designers and others concerned about the environment are partnering on projects. Nationwide, 345 buildings have been certified using the council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards, and 2,400 more have applied for approval, including more than 50 in Atlanta.
The benefits of such designs improve everyone’s lives, said New York architect Paulina Calderon, who works primarily to build environmentally friendly schools.
“We want to contribute to our environment through our architecture,” Calderon said. “It’s not really more expensive, but if it is a little, it gives you so much in return that it’s absolutely worth it.” | <urn:uuid:bb74a3c7-2c59-43cc-ab89-f658f93a71c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9991856 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954592 | 612 | 2.5625 | 3 |
- Additional information
FLUX ISOPROPANOL is a colorless, flammable liquid. It is highly
effective as general cleaning solvent in a variety of substrates. It is completely miscible with most solvents, including water, and it is a suitable solvent for acrylic and epoxy resins, natural resins, alkaloids and some essential oils. The 99% pure isopropanol is available in a variety of sizes for all types of use. CUSTOMER ADDED VALUE n Low surface tension n Effective cleaning agent n Remove all types of residues, oxides, oils and contaminants. n Evaporates quickly and leaves no residue n Safe on most plastics and elastomers n Contains no CFCs, HCFCs or ODPs PACKAGING: n Bottle 1L. n Jerrycan 5L, 10L and 25L.
Fluxes, Soldering, Electronic, Hand & Robotic Soldering, Re-work, Reflow soldering, Wave soldering, Selective Soldering | <urn:uuid:9fb09e17-47e7-4ce1-a99c-848923bf7572> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://broquetas.com/en/producto/flux-isopropanol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.833076 | 248 | 1.523438 | 2 |
In either 1971 or 1972, students at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory sold a few grams of marijuana to their colleagues at MIT: marking the first recorded instance of commerce being conducted over the internet. E-commerce has grown by leaps and bounds ever since then and accounts for 13.6% of all retail spending in the United States as of 2021.
E-commerce as we understand it today emerged during the dot com boom of the mid to late ‘90s. Computers had made their way into every other home and entrepreneurs founded companies to take advantage of that. The dot com crash of 2000 put many of these companies out of business but those that emerged from it (Amazon and eBay) have grown to become industry leaders.
Almost every brand currently has an online store. As we march into the future, certain trends hold the key to success in the e-commerce space:
- Overall growth
- Mobile devices
- Big data, artificial intelligence, and personalization
- Conscious consumerism
- Augmented Reality (AR)
- Voice search
- ROPO effect (Research Online Purchase Offline)
E-commerce revenue has been growing steadily year-on-year over the past decade and a half. Between the first and third quarters of 2020, growth was supercharged when Covid-19 lockdowns and stay-at-home orders led to an explosion in online purchases.
E-commerce’s share of retail spending in the United states surged from 11.3% to 15.7%. That share stabilized at 13.6% after lockdowns were eased. In absolute terms, US e-commerce sales went from $598 billion in 2019 to 799 billion in 2020 (a jump of 33%). This trend is expected to hold. According to a study by Salesforce, 60% of customers plan to spend even more money online than they did during the pandemic. 2021 sales are projected to hit $908 billion.
Growth hasn’t been limited to North America. China remains the largest e-commerce market on the planet thanks to its huge population. 2020 e-commerce sales in China hit $2.3 trillion: up 27% from 2019’s figure of $1.8 trillion.
India, another emerging economy with a massive population, saw its e-commerce sales grow 36% year-on-year in the last quarter of 2020. Growth also remains strong in Europe, jumping 30% in 2020 compared to 2019 numbers.
Speed is the greatest advantage traditional retail has on e-commerce. You walk into a store, buy whatever you want and take it home right away. Shopping online is a little different. You often have to wait a few days for a product to be delivered. While this will remain the case for the foreseeable future, major e-commerce players (Amazon, Walmart, and Target) are leading the march to free near-instantaneous shipping.
Free two-day delivery is becoming standard for many products on Amazon. The company is also rolling out same day delivery on select necessities for Prime customers. This push towards faster shipping will kill trends like dropshipping for good. No one is going to wait three weeks for delivery when same or next day shipping is an option.
Faster and free shipping is also transforming the competitive landscape. The major e-commerce players have been attracting more customers as they eliminated shipping costs while improving delivery speed. In fact, Amazon and Walmart have been consistently growing their market share and sales volume every single year.
The Competitive landscape
The major e-commerce players don’t have much of a speed advantage compared to you. Amazon may be shipping two thirds of its own packages in America but it still relies on UPS, FedX, and the USPS to ship the other third. Amazon’s in-house shipping service currently only operates in the US and Germany. It is also slower than UPS, FedX, and DHL because the latter two have a significantly larger footprint in terms of logistics hubs, planes, and delivery vehicles.
But you don’t need to build your own logistics network. Amazon has only taken that route because the number of packages they ship provides enough scale to make that decision sensible businesswise. UPS, FedX, and DHL still have a larger delivery footprint and slightly faster speeds.
The competitive edge of major e-commerce players comes from their network of stores/fulfillment centers and the consequent ability to ship products over much shorter distances. Amazon has 110 fulfillment centers in the US, Target has nearly 1900 stores, and Walmart has over 4700 stores. To compete with Amazon, Walmart and Target have essentially turned everyone of their stores into a fulfillment center.
When you place an online order with either Target or Walmart, they send employees to the shelves. These employees pick and pack the selected products for shipping. Given that 90% of Americans live within 10-miles of a Walmart store, their delivery distances are significantly shorter which results in lower overall costs.
What can you do about this?
With free shipping becoming standard across the industry, you will be expected to offer it. Since the costs have to be ultimately borne by your customers, the best course of action is to avoid any price-based competition. This means growing your brand and focusing on segments where customers are less price-sensitive: premium, luxury, artisanal, and custom made goods.
Take a pack of standard toilet paper as an example. If you only operate from one or two locations, there’s is no point in stocking it if you have to ship to the other side of the country. There isn’t much of a markup to cover the cross-country delivery fees and still leave you with a few cents for your trouble.
Walmart can do it since they only have to ship it 10 miles and can fill a truck with enough packs of toilet paper and other consumer goods to make a delivery run economically feasible. The only profitable way to sell a low-margin product like toilet paper online is by customizing it. If people want their toilet paper adorned with their names or the faces of their exes, then you can charge more for than you would for a plain roll.
The name of the game is brand differentiation. Compete with the likes of Amazon and Walmart by being what they’re not. Focus on categories where customers place more significance on the brand name, design, customization, and exclusivity rather than price.
The major players will bury you if you were to compete with them on price alone. If someone is buying a product for $50 or less, a 10-dollar price difference is a big deal. As prices rise however, small price differences become mostly inconsequential as brand perception takes over. Drum up enough brand loyalty and your customers won’t care how much your products cost (within reason obviously).
A second approach
Shipping providers (FedEx, UPS, DHL, and company) happen to be extremely quick and efficient when it comes to making deliveries. To compete favorably with the likes of Amazon at the moment, focus on cutting down your order processing time (the time between when you receive an order and when you dispatch it).
Don’t wait any longer dispatching an order than you need to. Dropping off a package at 10 am on a Thursday rather than waiting until 5 pm can make the difference between that package being delivered by Friday afternoon or getting delayed until Monday.
In an ideal world, packages would be dispatched as soon as an order is placed but there are staffing, timing, and economic considerations. If you run a small operation, you may not be able to get around packing and shipping off products ordered in the night until the following morning. The same might apply to orders placed over the weekend. There are also volume considerations. If you receive only a few orders a day, you want to wait until the end of the day and dispatch them all at once instead of making 10 trips to the post office or your shipping provider’s collection point. Even if you have lots of orders and the people to handle them, packing will take some time.
Nonetheless, striving to have as little processing time as possible is a goal you should strive for. Always aim to dispatch your orders as soon as humanly possible.
The rise of mobile
A full 85% of all Americans own a smartphone. That’s practically everybody above the age of 12. Global smartphone ownership figures show a similar trend with nearly all advanced economies having a smartphone penetration of 70% or higher. Couple that with the average person spending upwards of three hours a day on their smartphone and you start seeing why the share of e-commerce revenue directly attributable to shoppers on smartphones has been rising as the desktop share falls.
Mobile is expected to account for 54% of all e-commerce sales in 2021.
How to take advantage of this
- Optimize your site for mobile.
- Create a mobile app.
- Integrate mobile wallets into your payment methods.
- Implement one-step checkout on mobile.
Big data, Artificial Intelligence, & Personalization
Brick and mortar stores like Costco constantly move their product locations around the store and tend to put the most in demand items far from the entrance so you spend more time walking around, seeing more stuff, and hopefully spending more than you planned to. These tricks work very well for them but that approach can never work with online shoppers. The competition is literally one click away.
Driving impulse purchases in e-commerce is highly reliant on your ability to put the most enticing products right before the customers eyes. Since we’re working with a screen, the number of items you can recommend is very limited which enormously complicates the task.
Making the most relevant recommendations will ultimately require a high degree of personalization. For example, you’re probably not going to have any success selling tampons to a man in his early twenties. He doesn’t need them personally and he certainly doesn’t have any daughters old enough to need them. He could buy them for a relative or a romantic partner but how often do you think that happens in the real world?
You are bound to have more luck recommending personal grooming products like shampoo, razors, aftershave, and beard oil. While this is a much better approach, it still presents another set of problems though. Does he shave his entire beard, just trim it a little, or does he let it grow wild? If he shaves, what kind of razor and shaving cream does he prefer? How often does he shave? How often does he replace his razor? Does he use aftershave? If so, which brand and how much of it does he use at a go?
The answers to these questions will vary from person to person yet customers won’t volunteer such information. Such personal habits are considered extremely private. For a new customer, your only option is a little guesswork which can then be refined as you gather and analyze more data.
Recommend several brands of aftershave and see which one he prefers but you can’t do that every day. If the customer in question just bought some yesterday, he probably won’t be interested. You need to be reasonably certain that the customer has or is close to running out of aftershave. When he sees the recommendation he’ll be like, “Hmm…My aftershave is running low. I should replenish it.”
You’ll need to discern how much aftershave each person uses and how often they need to replenish it based entirely on their browsing and purchasing habits.
If a customer, say Jonah, buys an aftershave with particularly strong soothing power, then you can conclude that he has sensitive skin and use that information when recommending other products like shower gel and lotion.
If he buys a 2.5 Fl Oz tube of aftershave twice a month but only between March and September, you can conclude that it takes him two weeks to use up that much aftershave and he also grows out his beard in the winter. You can then use this information to recommend beard oil with anti-itching properties from October to February and offer him better deals on his preferred brand of aftershave (larger quantities or discounted bundles).
Performing this level of analysis on every customer who buys every single product you sell is obviously beyond the realm of human capability. Simple tools like inventory management software can’t perform this level of analysis on large data sets either. This is because a pattern like someone’s shaving habits is rarely handed to you on a silver platter. It’s buried beneath a mountain of other purchases and you’ll need to sift through them to find it. This is where big data analytics coupled with AI comes in.
Specialized algorithms sift through mountains of data to find such patterns. Big data coupled with predictive analytics can be a powerful prediction tool for customer behavior. If Jonah spends a lot of money on the 15th of the month and then spends smaller amounts on other dates, you can reliably assume that’s when he gets paid and recommend pricier products on that date.
Artificial intelligence generally gets better with time and gets to fine tune itself with more and more data. In the shaving patterns example outlined above, you’ll need purchasing data from at least two months to develop a tentative pattern. It will take a year of purchasing data to form a reasonably reliable pattern, and a second year of purchasing data to confirm those shaving habits as consistently predictable.
In addition to personalization, big data and AI can be used to:
- Suggest upsells and cross-sells
- Predict trends
- Identify conversion bottlenecks
- Optimize search to deliver relevant results
- Determine future demand
- Optimize pricing
- Improve customer service (chatbots)
- Parse reviews and flag concerning ones
One of the biggest downsides of online shopping is the inability of customers to interact with a product. Product photos and videos are great but they only go so far. Clothes may look good on a model who is fit and tall but end up looking disastrous on a customer who is a little short and chubby. This is where augmented reality (AR) comes in.
What is the difference between AR and VR?
Virtual reality immerses a user into a simulated environment and usually uses a headset and sensors to intensify the experience. If you are watching a movie where characters are running, for example, virtual reality makes it feel like you’re running with them.
Augmented reality overlays computer generated images on real world objects and can be experienced on a smartphone or laptop without the need for specialized gadgets. Snapchat filters are the most prominent example of AR in daily life. You can overlay all manner of objects on regular images: rainbows in doorways, rabbit ears on humans, humans belching rainbows, and the like.
How is AR used in e-commerce
AR provides an immersive experience that shows customers a 360⁰ view of the product and how it would look on them and in the natural environment.
IKEA is a good example. In the IKEA app, you can just point the phone camera at a space in your house. It scans the dimensions and shows a scaled image of how the product you’re looking at would fit and look in the space.
If you want to see if a rocking chair would fit under your window for instance, you just point your camera at the space. The app then displays an up to scale image of the rocking chair sitting in that area, how it interacts with other objects, and whether the headrest is higher than the window sill. You can rotate this image and view it from any angle.
Augmented reality can be used on other immersive applications in addition to furniture placement. You can use it to see how clothes would fit, how different shades of makeup would look on you, how a kitchen appliance would look on your countertop, how paint would look on your walls, how a rug would look on your floor and interact with the rest of your decor, and the like.
Augmented reality will be the next battleground of consumer engagement and it’s time you got on board.
Benefits of AR
- 42% of mobile users say AR would increase their likelihood of purchasing a product.
- AR results in fewer returns.
- AR increases conversion rates.
- AR increases customer engagement.
- AR intensifies customers’ connection to your brand.
Smart speakers came out of nowhere and took the market by storm. Amazon’s Echo and Google Home are in about a quarter of British and American households. In addition to that, there are voice assistants. Siri is in every iPhone and Google Assistant is in every Android phone. Here is one more voice search statistic: 20% of searches on the Google phone app are done by voice.
As voice search grows in popularity you’ll need to optimize your site for it. Voice search technology works in a four-step process:
- Record speech and convert it into text.
- Identify the commands or questions in the text, for example in, “Alexa, order more almond milk please,” the phrase , “order almond milk” is the direct command.
- Enter the direct command or question into a search engine and return results.
- Read back the most relevant result
In real life, the process is never that simple. The greatest hurdle is at the recording and conversion stage. Variations in pronunciation, accents, speaking volume, slang, foreign language words, tone, and background noise often make a speaker’s intent hard to determine. While humans can filter out such disturbances, computers are not yet there. Natural Language Processing has come a long way but there is still room for improvement.
The shortfalls of voice recognition technology haven’t stopped people from issuing voice commands to their phones and smart speakers. Giving your phone a verbal command is a lot easier than typing. And you don’t need to walk across a room and pick it up either. You can just stay on the couch and order Siri to order dinner. Since voice technology is only going to get better, integrating it into your mobile app will be the best move to ensure continued success in the near future.
Customer service has always been part and parcel of the selling process. Customers will often need help completing a purchase, have questions regarding your policies, or require you to assist them whenever they run into a problem.
The proliferation of messaging apps has made live chat the most preferred method for contacting customer support. Since 31% of shoppers who contact support expect an immediate response, chatbots are extremely crucial to your customer communication infrastructure as they are capable of replying in seconds.
Chatbots aren’t just limited to customer support roles. They can be used to complete orders and make product recommendations. In addition to your sites, you should integrate chatbots into your text messaging and social media channels. Facebook’s Messenger comes with its own free chatbot that you can customize to give automated responses and deal with other queries.
There are two primary types of chatbots:
- Menu/button-based chatbots
- Conversational chatbots
These are the simplest chatbots out there. They present a user with a series of options that often follow a tree hierarchy. The user then selects the relevant option from which either instructions are given, or a further selection of sub-categories is presented.
If Jonah wants to change his credit card number for example, he would first have to select the “Account” menu. Underneath that would be the payments sub-menu and then the cards option. Once he selects it, he would receive instructions on exactly where to go and how to change his card number. If Jonah selects the wrong menu or sub-menu, he would be forced to restart the whole process all over again from the top
Interactive chatbots use a combination of keyword recognition and artificial intelligence to determine a user’s intent and provide relevant information.
Instead of just presenting a user with a list of options to choose from, interactive chatbots are structured in the form of a text messaging interface and generally involve some back and forth. Chatbots that use AI generally get better with time as they train themselves with more and more data. They also mimic human engagement much better than menu-based chatbots.
Benefits of chatbots
- Chatbots reduce the cost of customer support while simultaneously increasing speed.
- Chatbots improve customer engagement.
- Chatbot responses are immediate and consistent.
- Chatbot can be deployed in a variety of media: text messages, live chat, and social media.
- Chatbots help in the collection of customer data.
- Chatbots improve personalization, especially when integrated with AI.
- Chatbots keep getting better and more human-like.
As great as chatbots are, they can’t handle everything. While they’ll easily handle the more routine inquiries fine on their own, there will be some novel issues that will need to be addressed by a human. Chatbots will reduce your need for customer service agents, but you shouldn’t cut humans entirely out of that role just yet.
Increasingly, people are no longer just interested in a product that satisfies their needs when making a purchase. There has been a growing movement urging people to focus on the environmental, political, and social impacts of their purchases.
People are being increasingly pressured to buy products produced with sustainable labor practices and positive environmental impact. Companies are also being pressured to adopt production methods that are more sustainable and less destructive to both the environment and their workers.
There is still a massive intention gap though. The Harvard Business Review has found that while 63% of people want to buy from sustainable brands, only 26% actually do. The problem lies in the fact that being an ethical consumer currently involves a lot of work in terms of untangling and analyzing the enormously complex production and distribution supply chains of modern manufacturing. There is also the issue of the most sustainably produced products being more expensive than less sustainable variants without being functionally superior in any way.
This notwithstanding, the social push towards conscious consumerism is only going to get stronger as more people join the bandwagon. The intent is already there so it’s just a matter of time. More and more businesses are citing their sustainability credentials as we march into the future and you will be forced to comply or fall by the wayside. It’s better to get ahead of the curve as soon as you can instead of waiting around until the last possible second.
If you already engage in sustainable business practices, good for you. Make that one of your selling points.
The ROPO effect
Brick and mortar still takes in the lion’s share of retail spending across the globe. But having a physical store shouldn’t stop from having an online presence. If anything, it’s an advantage. According to Retail Dive, only a third of consumers never research products online. The other two thirds do it at least on occasion. They either begin their product searches online or check product information online while browsing the isles.
There is a simple explanation for this. Brick and mortar stores still account for 86% of retail spending. Physical stores still have a few advantages over online stores:
- Non-existent shipping fees – You could spend money travelling to the store and back home but people don’t generally factor this into calculations for whatever the products they buy cost.
- Speed – You get to take your purchases home immediately.
- Certainty – You get to interact with a product in person so the seller can’t misrepresent it. For example, you can check if a shirt fits before taking it home or check for yourself if a chair is sturdy instead of just taking the seller’s word for it.
- Tradition – It’s just how we’ve always bought things so there is zero spending hesitancy. If you come across a new store in a new town that sells something you want, you just buy it. If you come across an online store you’ve never heard of before, you’ll likely do some digging into them before spending any money there. You’re also not likely to spend a lot of money on your first purchase: choosing to wait and see if it’s trustworthy first.
Due to the mix of tradition, speed, and certainty, many shoppers often look up product information online before heading out and making a purchase at a physical store. They check product specifications and reviews to determine whether the product is worth buying. This gives you a massive advantage over your purely online-based competitors if you have a physical store.
How to take advantage of this
- Put all your inventory online.
- Allow customers to reserve or buy products online and pick them at the store.
- Provide information about your store(s): address, opening hours, and the link to a map. | <urn:uuid:3edcebb7-c209-4bde-b69e-1944ad5968e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://matttanguay.com/e-commerce-trends-in-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953431 | 5,210 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Buffy the Vampire Slayer was groundbreaking for being one of the first shows to have a lead character (Willow, portrayed by Alyson Hannigan) come out as a lesbian, then end up in a relationship with another woman (Tara, portrayed by Amber Benson). It’s also infamous for killing off Tara by way of a stray bullet, a narrative excuse used later in the show The 100 to kill off another lesbian character, which is examined at length in the documentary Queering the Script (about queer female fandom), which screened at Los Angeles's LGBTQ film festival Outfest this past weekend.
The death aside, Willow and Tara’s loving relationship has become iconic in the bisexual/lesbian community, with many young women considering the show their gay awakening. The Buffy fan base continues to be passionate, and actress-author Amber Benson not only recognizes the fandom but embraces it as a proud ally of the LGBTQ+ community.
Benson, who is currently developing her own novels for the screen, spoke briefly about her enthusiasm and support for the Buffy reboot: “I’m excited! We have a woman of color who’s going to show-run, and I think that’s really important, and she’s a fan. She watched the show, and it was important to her, and I think because Joss [Wheedon] is involved … [it’ll be good]. She comes from loving the show. And I love the idea that we’re going to have a very diverse group of people, that the Buffy character ... is going to be a woman of color -- I’m pro! I’m pro the reboot.”
Benson also spoke about the importance of representation and diversity in stories during a Q&A panel after the screening of Queering the Script. | <urn:uuid:995b3e7d-fa14-4f89-b582-31c716bc5fe0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.advocate.com/television/2019/7/25/amber-benson-queer-rep-and-buffy-reboot-outfest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960374 | 378 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Efforts Against Drug-Resistant Malaria Along Thai-Cambodian Border Show Progress, But More ‘Aggressive’ Approach Needed, Health Officials Say
Efforts to prevent the spread of drug-resistant malaria along the border between Cambodia and Thailand are showing signs of progress, but additional work is needed to contain the new strain, health officials said on Friday, Deutsche Presse-Agentur/M&C reports.
In Cambodia, only two cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria were identified in the province of Pailin as of mid-September, according to the Thai health ministry’s Bureau of Vector Borne Disease. A total of 5,686 people were screened. “In the adjacent Soi Dao and Pong Nam Ron districts of Chantaburi province, there was a similar trend, with incidence dropping from 16 to seven from 2008 to 2009,” the news service writes.
To prevent the spread of the drug-resistant strain of malaria, the WHO has been working on a containment effort with the Thai and Cambodian governments. The effort has received $22.5 million from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. “But more collective regional efforts are needed to make a difference in addressing the malaria problem on the border, the WHO said in a press release Thursday,” according to the news service (10/1).Â
“We have to be more aggressive against the deadly Plasmodium falciparium parasite, develop new interventions, improve and encourage human resource engagement, come up with new therapies, and secure the best drugs,” said Charles Delacollette, coordinator of the the WHO’s Mekong Malaria Programme, Bernama reports. “Winning the war against this parasite is a challenge,” he said in a joint statement issued by the WHO and Thailand’s Bureau of Vector Borne Disease.
Delacollette “said it was important for [ASEAN countries] to show strong commitment and ownership in the regional containment and elimination of multi-drug resistant falciparium malaria,” the news service writes (9/30).
Experts Discuss Malaria Vaccine Prospects At D.C. Conference
At a malaria vaccine conference this week in Washington, D.C., Stephen Hoffman, the founder and CEO of Sanaria, discussed the “disappointing results” of the company’s experimental malaria vaccine, which protected five of the 80 people who volunteered for its first clinical trial, Reuters reports.
“Tests in animals suggest that perhaps giving the vaccine intravenously might provide better protection, and Hoffman … is planning ways to test the idea in people,” the news service writes. Sanaria has used up the money it receives from the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, but Hoffman plans to continue testing with money from NIH and maybe government agencies, according to the article.
“The vaccine was used to immunize 80 volunteers and it was safe and well tolerated,” Hoffman said in an interview. “It did, as expected, stimulate an immune response against the malaria parasite – just not nearly as much as Hoffman had hoped,” according to Reuters. He said, “Right now I do need to get a lot more funds.”
Groups at the malaria vaccine meeting also “presented ideas for new ways to deliver vaccines – such as Pennsylvania-based Inovio Biomedical Corp, which is using its so-called electroporation delivery-DNA vaccine approach to try to make a vaccine against malaria, as well as flu and AIDS vaccines,” the news service reports. The approach makes tiny holes in the skin instead of using a needle (Fox, 9/29).   | <urn:uuid:b511a43b-80ed-40b8-a52f-70cb7d17ae91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kff.org/news-summary/efforts-against-drug-resistant-malaria-along-thai-cambodian-border-show-progress-but-more-aggressive-approach-needed-health-officials-say/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.94397 | 803 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Increased serum CEA levels have been detected in persons with primary colorectal cancer and in patients with other malignancies involving the gastrointestinal tract, breast, lung, ovarian, prostatic, liver and pancreatic cancers. Elevated serum CEA levels have also been detected in patients with nonmalignant disease, especially patients who are older or who are smokers. CEA levels are not useful in screening the general population for undetected cancers. However, CEA levels provide important information about patient prognosis, recurrence of tumors after surgical removal, and effectiveness of therapy.
$35Average competitors price
$120Pricing based on average direct to consumer pricing.
- WHAT IT TESTS: A complete blood count test that evaluates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- WHY TAKE IT: Diagnose colorectal cancer and other malignancies.
- REQUIRES FAST? No. | <urn:uuid:eff266c4-7eb3-4343-8c9b-f9e55f97e5b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://laboratoryintegratedtesting.com/product/cea-cancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.920607 | 214 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Many homeowners think cleaning with bleach will ensure a spotless, disinfected surface. However, is bleach truly the best cleaner? Actually, when it comes to using bleach as a household cleaner, there are many safety considerations to bear in mind and there may be more cons than pros.
What surfaces should not be cleaned with bleach?
There are many surfaces bleach should never touch because it is corrosive. Never use bleach to clean copper, stainless steel, and most metals. This is especially important in the kitchen, where it is most likely to be used.
Bleach is also not recommended for porous surfaces like wood, many types of stone (granite, quartz, marble, etc.), rubber, and latex. Full strength sodium hypochlorite bleach can damage even surfaces and items on which it is generally safe to use. It is important to note that bleach should always be diluted.
While bleach is best known as a laundry stain remover and disinfectant, if your water contains iron, sodium hypochlorite may cause rust stains to appear on fabrics, so it could turn those dingy whites into spotty, streaky messes.
Does bleach clean or disinfect?
The funny thing about sodium hypochlorite bleach is that it isn’t what those in the cleaning industry call a cleaner. It is a disinfectant that should be used after cleaning. However, since it removes colors and odors, it gets lumped in with the “cleaners.”
Cleaning with bleach safety considerations
Here are some important precautions to keep in mind before you use bleach to clean your bathroom or another area or your home:
Users should wear gloves because full strength sodium hypochlorite can irritate the skin.
Fumes of full-strength bleach can damage lungs, so use it in a well-ventilated area
You should wear a mask when cleaning with bleach.
Bleach naturally breaks down over time. A bottle of bleach only lasts 6-9 months and diluted bleach breaks down in 24 hours and becomes ineffective, so you must make a new batch.
DO NOT MIX WITH ANY OTHER CLEANING PRODUCT (especially glass cleaner with ammonia and/or vinegar). This will form dangerous and possibly deadly fumes that will damage the lungs and cause other dangerous reactions.
It is worth saying again that bleach should always be diluted with water when being used for cleaning.
Where can I book excellent cleaning services?
To make sure your home is cleaned using proven and harmless techniques, it’s best to hire professionally trained cleaners. Here at Castle Keepers, we have extensive experience performing a wide range of services. Our experts are meticulously selected and trained. Plus, we bring with us top-quality products and tools that take the quality of our work to the next level.
Our team will create a tailored plan to help you with multiple aspects of the upkeep of your home, like:
We’re at your disposal for any questions you may have as well as for effortless scheduling. Give us a call and stop worrying about housework! | <urn:uuid:a091aa3d-daa9-4fb6-8ab1-6c6557a62333> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://castle-keepers.com/how-clean-bleach-home-safety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93871 | 627 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Scientists from AMRA have conducted a study, published in Obesity journal, predicting the occurrence of disease in individual patients based on real-world evidence from the UK Biobank. Individualized data can be used to create virtual control groups and deeply enrich the patient populations selected in a clinical trial.
Founded in 2010 as a spin-off of Linköping University, Sweden, AMRA is a ground-breaking international digital health company at the forefront of medical imaging and precision medicine. The company has developed a new global standard in body composition assessment, the ability to automatically produce multiple fat and muscle biomarkers with unrivaled precision and accuracy, as well as contextual disease insights – all from a single, 6-minute, whole-body MRI. AMRA aims to support transformative care and vital decision-making from clinical research to health and wellness.
AMRA utilized medical data from 10,019 participants in the UK Biobank imaging sub-study. Advanced imaging analysis techniques were applied to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and body composition profiles, containing visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscle fat infiltration, and liver fat were analyzed for each participant.
Algorithms were applied to calculate individualized Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) propensities, or natural inclination, towards these diseases. In addition, the research explored how, in the clinically relevant areas of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic disease phenotypes can be identified to describe an individual’s inclination towards CHD and T2D.
“UK Biobank’s success has allowed us to ask a lot more of our half a million volunteer participants – including inviting them to have full body scans. We have scanned almost 40,000 people and aim for 100,000. It is clear that these pictures are providing incredibly important information to a wide range of scientists who are getting on with the business of improving health. This new work, linking fat distribution and heart health, is based on just 10,000 images. Imagine the power of ten times that number of scans, which we will have in a few years’ time, to improve diagnosis and treatment of disease. We are very grateful to our participants for giving up their time to help create this exciting resource.” – Professor Rory Collins, Principal Investigator, UK Biobank
“Individualized phenotyping and disease prediction are the Holy Grail in medicine. A person’s body weight, waist circumference and general appearance may seem ideal. However, our research shows that AMRA analytics taken from a simple MRI scan tells you so much more about what’s going on inside the body and what disease propensities may be lurking. Quite simply – ‘don’t judge a body by its cover.’” – Eric Converse, CEO, AMRA Medical | <urn:uuid:67ae14d7-1c98-4077-8d4a-8eee55a79b20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biobanking.com/amra-medical-publish-study-predicting-disease-with-uk-biobank-data/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935511 | 597 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Generally when people hear the word factoring, they think of 8th grade math class. But if you’re in business for yourself and bill your customers, you’ve probably heard of factoring. If not, it’s very important to understand what invoice factoring is. Whenever you bill your customers for payment at a later date, you create an invoice. As your customers pay, you close out each invoice and mark it as “paid”. However should the need arise for quicker payments, you can factor your invoice for cash up front.
What is Invoice Factoring?
Invoice factoring is the process of selling your unpaid invoices to a 3rd party finance company. The finance company is usually called a factor or factoring company. In exchange, you receive payment of the invoice up front. The factor will provide 80-90% of the invoice total up front, and collect from your customer. Upon the factor’s receipt of payment from your customer, they rebate the remaining 10-20% (known as the “reserve”), minus their factoring fee. Factoring fees are generally 1-3% of the invoice value itself.
Is Invoice Factoring a Loan?
Establishing an invoice factoring facility with a factor usually is not a loan. However it’s important to understand the differences between invoice financing vs factoring. In short invoice financing is obtaining a loan that is collateralized by your invoices, and invoice factoring is where your business outright sells any and all claims on the invoice payment to the factoring company. Not only is it important to understand the different types of financing mechanisms, but you should also learn to identify loan products disguised as factoring. If you’re not looking for a product that acts like a loan, make sure you obtain a non recourse factoring agreement with a factor.
Why or When Should I use Invoice Factoring?
Invoice factoring is a great cash flow solution for business owners in need of short term working capital who are experiencing a rapid growth in sales, need to buy new inventory, or simply want to match the timing of their income and expenses. Additionally, as you’re diversifying your capital stack, it’s important that you find funding for your business that fits your needs. For example, if you have a short-term capital need, there is no reason to take on long-term debt or sell equity. You can easily monetize your unpaid invoices for immediate working capital.
Are you new to invoicing? Download our simple invoice template today! | <urn:uuid:bf873039-f585-4055-9f07-4eaa51dffb8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.invoicefinancing.net/2017/03/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961729 | 540 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Husam. A.Al-Eryani Ghamdan Alharazi Naela M ALMogahed
Orthodontic, pedodontic and prevention department faculty of dentistry university of Sana'a, Yemen
Children with the same chronological age may show differences in the developmental stages of different biological systems. Several indices have been developed to determine the developmental stage of a child for a certain biological system, namely indices for sexual maturity, somatic maturity, skeletal age, and dental age. In the literature, a strong correlation was found between skeletal age and sexual and somatic maturity (1) With reference to dental age, low correlations have been found with skeletal age, sexual and somatic maturity(2,3). Dental age assessment has an important role in forensic medicine, pediatric dentistry and orthodontic treatment planning (4). Orthodontics use such knowledge to predict the timing of particular treatment and pediatricians may be interested in knowing whether the dental maturity of a child with a certain disease has been delayed or advanced (5-7). Filipsson and Hall (8) showed that skeletal age correlated strongly with dental age. However, as those example, a root is one-quarter or one-third of its length, if the definitive length of the root is not known (14). Demirjian based a dental age scoring system on objective
authors did not use partial correlation, this result is limited. The low correlations show that dental age is an independent measurement for biological age and should be measured separately. Be able to measure dental age directly is important because it is a useful tool to estimate the chronological age of a child with an unknown birth date (9). Several methods have been described to determine dental age. One of these uses the ‘time of eruption’ as a parameter..The time of eruption is described as the moment the tooth pierces the gingival/ keratinized mucosa (10).This is actually the ‘time of emergence’. A disadvantage of this method is that the exact time of emergence is hard to determine. Premature loss or extraction of primary teeth can influence the time of emergence of permanent teeth(1) Methods using measurements on radiographs as a basis for the determination of dental development use the length of the tooth, crown or root as an indicator of dental age (11, 12, 13). Although some of the methods show good validity, it might be difficult to determine whether, for example, a root is one-quarter or one-third of its length, if the definitive length of the root is not known (14). Demirjian based a dental age scoring system on objective criteria and relative values rather than on absolute lengths (15,1). Radiographs of 21 328 French–Canadian children, ranging from 2 to 20 years of age, were used for. | <urn:uuid:564d9e5d-908b-4c4c-8c0d-758724c76331> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://med-su.edu.ye/sujms/index.php/news/71-validity-of-demirjian-methods-for-dental-age-estimation-for-a-sample-of-yemeni-children | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.927746 | 584 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Access note: Some of the items in this collection are restricted to campus access only. Off-campus Daemen users can download items from this collection by the following link to log into our proxy server with your Daemen username and password.
Third grade students with learning differences enrolled in an academic after-school program received explicit strategy instruction utilizing the SMARTS Online curriculum (ResearchILD, 2017). This curriculum focuses on teaching executive function strategies and enables students to develop self-understanding to know which strategies work best for them. Strategy instruction is embedded into both math and ELA lessons (taught during the second hour of the program) with students completing a strategy reflection sheet at the end of each lesson. The purpose of this reflection is to promote student self-monitoring of strategy use and to allow trained facilitators to assess the efficacy of the strategy instruction within the program. Key findings from data collected from students, parents, and teachers will be shared.
Galus, Natalie; Lewis, Chelsea-Lyn; and Strickler, Krysta, "Explicit Strategy Instruction for Teaching Executive Function Strategies to Students with Special Needs in an Academic After-School Program" (2018). Academic Festival Posters. 1. | <urn:uuid:34e5f09c-a88a-465c-96d4-4292e92e8e51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.daemen.edu/academic_festival/1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.891111 | 294 | 3.234375 | 3 |
The Blockchain phenomenon is gradually settling into people's lives, making it imperative to understand its applications and limitations. Today, we will discuss how Blockchain can improve the food industry.
Our current food system provides a fertile opportunity to explore how Blockchain technology can interact with our ecosystems – human and ecological – to add value to our lives. Fortunately, a number of startups are already working hard in this area.
After the introduction of Ethereum, altcoins have become a popular way to present ideas for new cryptocurrencies. We are currently in a period of hype, where many developers offer crazy ideas to solve non-existent or trivial problems. It is vital that the company and developers focus on applying Blockchain to relevant and important projects, rather than assuming that Blockchain technology is a universal panacea.
Food and eating
Clearly related to chronic diseases such as heart disease, liver damage, stroke, diabetes, and cancer, to name a few only a few. We can dramatically reduce chronic diseases by improving the quality of available food. This requires an answer to the following question: Why do we eat poor quality foods?
This big problem can be divided into three parts: production, delivery and sale.
Farm. Agriculture always involves high risks – natural disaster, crop failure, accidents, and so on. – that directly affect what a farm can offer. Market conditions and large agricultural societies can also make the lives of small farmers difficult. Companies often abuse their positions by using expensive fertilizers and patented GMO seeds to gain competitive advantages over small farms.
Another problem is the logistics of food delivery. Modern agriculture is under the seat of the producer-distributor-consumer model of the big chains. Large-scale food producers often organize industrial food production in developing countries. They then create large scale distribution networks to sell food on a global scale.
Producers are often unable to sell their products directly to consumers, requiring the use of merchants or distributors who purchase their product at a lower cost. Large companies are able to mass produce cheap food and fill the distribution channels, but this food is never completely consumed. The result is the creation of a new problem: the waste and the elimination of food. Resources such as fuel and fertilizers are used to produce and distribute foods that will never be consumed, which will create waste.
Solutions are Possible
Fortunately, health, nutrition, agriculture, agriculture and logistics are interconnected and we can solve these challenges with modern technologies, using experts who understand the systems.
We spoke with Liz Reitzig, founder of NourishingLiberty, who worked for 15 years on food systems from all angles. She is a consumer advocate who worked in retail, politics, agriculture and support to farmers
Blockchain as a financial tool
Blockchain technologies offer good instruments to provide farmers with prompt and complete payment. their efforts. The use of these technologies will help avoid risks and make life easier for the farmer. According to Reitzig:
"Blockchain … offers [a] means for farmers to contract with sellers to cultivate what they need, full or partial payment can be made immediately in escrow … to guarantee payment to the farmer without breach of contract and coercion by traders. Being paid for the job is a big challenge in the farming world, and Blockchain can alleviate some of that. "
Through smart contracts, farmers can be paid all year round. . By using a smart contract-based calculation system, it's much safer to work with pre-orders, food baskets, and shopping clubs.
"Some farms produce something called community-supported agriculture (CSA). It's a growing model where consumers prepay a farm for the entire season. We could pay $ 500 in early spring, and we'll get a box of vegetables every week for 30 weeks. Blockchain can handle all this transaction.
Mikhail Shlyapnikov, a Russian farmer, is one of the first farmers to set up Blockchain as a financial instrument to develop his economy and introduced his own cryptocurrency for his farm.
"A farmer has different tools: shovels, tractors. Blockchain is also a tool, and it's up to you to do it whether you use it or not.
Smart contracts can include any of the conditions and any parties without lawyers, for example using a smart contract , the owner of a small cafe can buy coffee beans directly from a Kenyan farmer.
Suddenly, he can order delivery in Europe, pay the work of the customs broker and for the certification according to the laws of the country of delivery Smart contracts free farmers from long chains of intermediaries and thus lower the final price of the product for the consumer.
Origin, quality and certification
Implementation of the Blockchain in Production, Certification and Food Processing steps create transparency in an otherwise non-transparent system and allow consumers s to support the suppliers of their choice. It is particularly relevant for organic products and certified origin.
Liz Reitzig stresses the importance of determining the origin of organic products:
"If a farm is certified organic, or that it wants to highlight a different type of certification, they can use Blockchain to track products.Consumers want to know what they're buying, and Blockchain can offer that. "
Marcel Blankenstein, Owner from Naked Organics, think that the original information may be of interest to the user as long as it is usable:
"The chain of blocks in the l & # 39; Agriculture allows the consumer to scan the barcode of a product in a supermarket and instantly view the entire supply chain from one supermarket to the other. In terms of transparency geared towards the consumer from a regulatory point of view However, agricultural contamination can be very quickly isolated. "
A Farmer Sse Blockchain Can
Reitzig believe that the most difficult obstacles to the implementation of Blockchain are complicated working principles and terminology.
"The biggest challenge for farmers in using Blockchain is to overcome the technical understanding of it. Farmers are focusing on agriculture. They are not on the cutting edge of technology. "
This means that Blockchain technologies have to be simple to understand and use, and a number of startups have worked in this space. Complete platform to make Blockchain usage simpler for farmers.They have united all the Blockchain functions related to food, agriculture and agriculture
This system includes intelligent contract libraries, remote identification systems, a digital currency payment processor and a digital currency token, Gregory Arzumanian, co-founder of 1000Ecofarms, says:
"We have learned all the opportunities that Blockchain technologies can help. When Blockchain technologies are tangible and understandable, we can apply them even to the basic human need for food. [A] The main objective is to create a comprehensive, understandable and safe ecosystem for agri-food companies that would allow them to significantly reduce the expenses associated with the production, sale and logistics of consumer goods. "
The blockchain is not a panacea
Blockchain technologies can alleviate technical difficulties and simplify the life of the farmer, and make our food – and therefore our health – However, there are still problems that only consumers can help solve.
Marcel Blankenstein is convinced that the main challenge of any modern farmer is the ignorance of consumers, which must be solved before that Blockchain can reach its full potential:
"If we do not teach consumers to understand that conventional agriculture is" bad ", Blockchain will have very little of "good" purpose, from the point of view of sustainability. It is important to remember that traceability does not equate to good farming techniques and that quality food is not equal to healthy food.
Fortunately, we are seeing modern agriculture evolving rapidly towards sustainability. Healthy and organic foods are becoming increasingly popular and affordable with Blockchain technologies, which means that direct dealing with consumers can be profitable for small farms.
Ecosystem Between Peers
Blockchain is a valuable technology, but people have to create the rest of the ecosystem. If we show the origin of food while creating an open and enlightened market, we create a level playing field where small and medium producers can reach their customers.
In turn, when consumers can find products and farmers their needs, and can pay them full value for their product, farmers can make a viable living, allowing them to stay at home. close and continue the work that they like.
Ann Maslova is a freelance Russian writer and freelance journalist living in Spain, interested in modern technologies, social problems and opportunities to live a healthy life among them. After the crypto-currency and blockchain boost in recent years, she has been very interested in this topic and wants to contribute in this area. | <urn:uuid:81a94926-715f-4be2-8f0c-3952a38a056c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessdigit.com/cultivating-the-garden-how-to-use-blockchain-in-agriculture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.94887 | 1,741 | 2.984375 | 3 |
ECHR decision of 12 may 2020 in the case "Sudita Keita v. Hungary" (aplication N 42321/15).
in 2015, the applicant was assisted in preparing the aplication. The aplication was subsequently communicated to Hungary.
The case successfully addressed an aplication about the long-term difficulties faced by the applicant as a stateless person in trying to settle his legal status, as well as the fact that the Hungarian authorities did not fulfill their positive duty to provide an effective and accessible procedure or set of procedures that would allow the applicant to obtain a review of his legal status in Hungary with due regard to his interests in the protection of the right to privacy. The case violated the requirements of article 8 of the Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
The applicant was a stateless person from Somalia and Nigeria. He arrived in Hungary in 2002. His attempts to legitimize his legal status in this country were unsuccessful. In 2015, the Hungarian constitutional court excluded from the law on the admission and residence of third - country nationals (hereinafter referred to as the RRTN law) a provision that required "legal residence in the country" as a precondition for obtaining the status of a stateless person, ruling that this requirement was contrary to public international legal obligations assumed by the Hungarian authorities.
As a result, the applicant was granted the status of a stateless person in October 2017. The applicant complained about the long-term difficulties he had encountered in legalizing his situation, which allegedly had a negative impact on his access to health care and employment and on his right to marry.
POINT OF LAW
Regarding compliance with article 8 of the Convention. The main question was whether the Hungarian authorities had provided an effective and accessible procedure or set of procedures that would have enabled the applicant to obtain a review of his continued stay in the country and legal status, with due regard to his privacy interests.
The applicant undoubtedly had a private life in Hungary, and the court agreed that the uncertainty of the applicant's legal status, which had lasted for approximately 15 years, had had a negative impact on his private life. The applicant lived in Hungary without any legal status, without basic access to health care and employment. The Nigerian Embassy in Budapest refused to recognize the applicant as a Nigerian citizen in 2006, making the applicant a de facto stateless person from that time on.
Until the decision of the Hungarian Constitutional court to exclude the requirement of "legal residence" from the RRTN Law, it was practically impossible for the applicant to obtain recognition as a stateless person, since the applicant could not fulfill this requirement. In fact, contrary to the principles set out in the United Nations Convention relating to the status of stateless persons of 1954, the applicant, a stateless person, was obliged to comply with requirements that, due to his legal status, he was unable to meet. After the adoption of the constitutional court's decision in question, it took the Hungarian authorities more than two years to make a final decision on the applicant's case, eventually recognizing him as a stateless person.
Taking into account the special circumstances of the present case, the court finds that the Hungarian authorities failed to comply with their positive obligation to provide an effective and accessible procedure or set of procedures that would have enabled the applicant to obtain a review of his legal status in Hungary with due regard to his interests in the protection of the right to privacy under article 8 of the Convention.
The case violated the requirements of article 8 of the Convention (adopted unanimously).
In the application of article 41 of the Convention. The European Court awarded the applicant EUR 8,000 in respect of non-pecuniary damage, but the claim for pecuniary damage was rejected. | <urn:uuid:7e923dfe-f928-4428-aed2-499ef7a097f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://espchhelp.ru/blog/3538-sudita-keita-v-hungary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.976305 | 782 | 1.78125 | 2 |
|This article uses content from the Ratchet & Clank wiki.|
Ratchet is the main charater of the Ratchet & Clank series of video games created by Insomniac Games. He is a Lombax that starts out as just a mechanic longing for adventure. But soon enough his life changes when he meets the diminutive robot fugitive named Clank, from there on the adventure picks up pace. Ratchet tends to be quite headstrong and usually is not afraid to voice his opinion. In Ratchet & Clank, Ratchet was voiced by Mikey Kelley. In the following Ratchet & Clank games, he was voiced by James Arnold Taylor.
Ratchet & Clank
Before the beginning of his first adventure, Ratchet was finishing the construction of his ship. Dreaming of wild adventures in the galaxy, the Lombax was quite disappointed when HelpDesk informed him that he needed a robotic ignition system to start his ship, something he did not have. However, Ratchet noticed a ship falling from the sky which crash-landed onto the Kyzil Plateau, and upon exploration of the debris, found Clank. The diminutive robot showed (after startling the Lombax by waking up all of a sudden) Ratchet an Infobot video of Chairman Drek's plans of destroying the planet Novalis to make a new planet for his species, the Blarg. Clank helped Ratchet start his ship in return for a trip to Novalis, where the little robot began looking for the hero Captain Qwark, in order to stop Drek's plans. Ratchet decided to go along for the adventure.
Ratchet's ship crashed on Novalis, but according to the official statement in the game's Sketchbook feature (in the Goodies menu), nobody really knows why. They got to talk to the planet's chairman in order to borrow his Courier Ship and obtained coordinates for the capital city of the planet Kerwan, Metropolis. After talking to the Plumber, they also received an Infobot of Skid McMarx and his agent being shot down over the planet Aridia.
Ratchet completed Captain Qwark's physical fitness course on Kerwan and should have won a Swingshot from Helga for his efforts, but after "disgracing" the course, she made them pay 1,000 bolts for it. After finding out from Big Al that Captain Qwark was no longer on Kerwan, Ratchet received an Infobot for planet Eudora.
The pair had several adventures together and generally got along well, until they met Captain Qwark at his base on Umbris. Ratchet felt that something wasn't quite right, but Clank was eager to trust the Captain. Qwark betrayed them and left them to be Blargian Snagglebeast's food. After defeating the Snagglebeast, Ratchet became increasingly bitter and hostile towards Clank for leading him right into a trap, and obsessed with getting revenge on Qwark. After fighting Qwark in a Blarg ship at the Gemlik Moonbase and seeing the devastation of a nearby planet at Drek's hands, Ratchet finally realized that Drek had to be stopped and made amends with Clank.
After a fierce battle, Ratchet sent the chairman flying up to his newly-created planet and destroyed it. Flaming chunks hitting the Deplanetizer's control pad knocked Ratchet and Clank off, and only Clank's quick thinking stopped them from hurtling down to the Plateau below. However, the servos in his arm were broken from supporting Ratchet's weight and they both fell. Once again, the brave little robot saved Ratchet's life by using his Thruster-Pack upgrade (installed by Bob on Pokitaru) to break the Lombax's fall. Ratchet offered to repair Clank's broken arm, and the two headed home as a team.
Later, the two watched an advertisement for Qwark's Personal Hygienator; horrified and disgusted by its effects, Ratchet shouted at Clank to turn the TV off.
Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando
In the beginning of Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando, Ratchet and Clank were doing an interview with Behind the Hero, talking about what had happened after Drek was defeated. Ratchet said there were parades, press conferences, "fancy dress balls", and Clank mentioned the wiener roast at Al's. After that, everything returned to normal. Suddenly he and Clank were transported to the Bogon Galaxy by Abercrombie Fizzwidget, the president of Megacorp. Ratchet was offered an opportunity to undergo training to become a Megacorp commando, while Clank was offered an apartment in Megapolis on planet Endako, along with a job as an accountant.
Two weeks later, Ratchet headed to Planet Aranos to infiltrate a Flying Lab, and then retrieved a stolen Protopet experiment of Megacorp's, from an unknown thief. The thief evaded Ratchet persistently, capturing Clank from his apartment and holding him hostage. The two reunited when Clank freed Ratchet from a locked room and eventually retrieved the experiment on planet Siberius. After meeting with Fizzwidget, and "accidentally" being ejected from the ship on planet Tabora, Ratchet and Clank met with the Thief to learn about the true means of the experiment. The two investigated the Testing Facility on planet Dobbo, and found more and more information, culminating into the true means on planet Todano, which the duo attempted to put a stop to in Silver City by talking with Fizzwidget. Ratchet then made the mistake of threatening a robotic copy of Fizzwidget with the Thugs-4-Less leader watching, who arrested them. After they broke out of jail and freed Angela on planet Snivelak at the Thug Headquarters, Ratchet and Clank then investigated a Distribution Center and found out that Allgon City was undergoing a disaster, and may had lived up to its name at the hands of rampaging Protopets. As well as that, they headed to planet Grelbin to find Angela, who gave them the key to get into a Protopet Factory, in the heart of the Megacorp Headquarters on planet Yeedil.
Once there, they soon found out that the Fizzwidget they knew, was really Captain Qwark. He accidentally mutated the real Protopet into a giant monster that ate him. Ratchet defeated the Mutant Protopet, at which point it coughed up Qwark and Angela's Helix-o-Morph. She used it to cure the Protopet of the Monsterpropanase in its system, later using it to cure all the Protopets in the galaxy.
Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal
In the beginning of Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal, Ratchet hastily flew back to the Solana Galaxy to help defend Veldin, where he was mistaken for a Galactic Rangers sergeant and quickly pulled into the story. Captain Qwark often placed Ratchet in the more dangerous scenarios in his Q-Force plans, although Ratchet never received any credit. Most people who had never heard of the Lombax simply remembered him as Secret Agent Clank's chauffeur. In this game, Ratchet became romantically involved with the Galactic President's daughter Sasha Phyronix, who was also the captain of the Starship Phoenix.
Ratchet was occasionally slandered by Qwark over the Starship Phoenix intercom, as Qwark told him he needed to change into his "green regulation Q-Force tights" or he would write him up for a dress-code violation.
For most of Captain Qwark's plans, Ratchet was the one made to do the hero work, while Qwark took all the credit for the missions, much to Ratchet's annoyance. Despite this, he felt grief and discomfort at Qwark's presumed death.
After freeing Clank from the clutches of Dr. Nefarious, who had replaced Clank with an evil clone named Klunk, Ratchet gathered enough evidence to believe that Qwark had survived the crash of The Leviathan, and was in fact hiding in his hideout in the Thran Asteroid. Ratchet, Clank and Skrunch found the fraudulent superhero, where Ratchet dubbed him as 'pathetic' and 'a coward'.
However later on, Ratchet teamed up with Qwark despite his earlier statements, to defeat Nefarious and to destroy the Biobliterator.
Before the beginning events of Ratchet: Deadlocked, Ratchet had been commended as the new captain of the Starship Phoenix, as Sasha had become the Mayor of Metropolis. However, he was kidnapped by the Vox Empire, along with Clank and Big Al, as "Subject 209". All three were then fitted with Deadlock Collars, which with, at the press of a button, would explode, killing them in the process. Big Al managed to salvage two old combat bots, Merc and Green, to help Ratchet in his adventures as a forced contestant in DreadZone. Ratchet and the two bots then formed the complete Team Darkstar. Later, Ratchet defeated Ace Hardlight, captain of the Exterminators, and afterward Gleeman Vox offered him the chance to become their new captain. Ratchet refused the offer, telling him that Vox was not just corrupt, but also stupid. In the final events of Deadlocked, despite Vox's attempts to kill the Lombax, Ratchet, Clank, and Big Al escaped DreadZone Station right before it exploded, destroying all those left behind, including Gleeman Vox himself.
Throughout Deadlocked, Ratchet was continually slandered by Vox News anchormen Dallas and Juanita, who depicted Ratchet as a malicious villain who had little to no moral decency. However their attitude towards him changed by the end of the game, when Vox locked both of them and the rest of the DreadZone fans in the Battledome that was about to explode, which left everybody's fate in the hands of Ratchet.
Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters
In Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters, Ratchet and Clank took a holiday on Pokitaru when a little girl asked if Ratchet could do something heroic. After the presentation, Ratchet, Clank and the girl met Qwark who told them that he never met his parents. Soon after that, robots attacked the beach and kidnapped the girl. Ratchet said that he and Clank had to help the little girl. Clank noticed that the girl left an object behind and said that it was Technomite technology, but Ratchet thought that Technomites were only just a myth. Ratchet persuaded Qwark to tell him where the Technomite artifact could be used. In return, Ratchet loaned Qwark his "super-computer" to search up his ancestors. As they sought the girl, they found out that Technomites might have been real. Afterwards, they found the girl, who introduced herself as Luna, and taunted the heroic duo. Ratchet saw a very strange dream in a medical surgery station, with memories of his past adventures, showing recurring characters in the Ratchet and Clank series and also bosses and friends. Clank then woke up the Lombax and later escaped. They then went to planet Challax, where they found a shrunken Technomite City. While exploring the city, they found out that Luna was a robot. On the Dayni Moon was where the heroes met Luna again, where she told them about the Technomites kidnapping Ratchet so they could have his DNA to create Ratchet Clones via cloning. They defeated Luna. While Clank was searching for information in Luna's head, he got electrocuted, and the Technomites entered Clank. Ratchet went inside Clank, using a Shrink Ray, and saved his friend. Clank said that the clone factory was on planet Quodrona, so they agreed to fly there. At Quodrona, the Lombax and the robot met Emperor Otto Destruct. The emperor told his plans to suck every brain-power of intelligent beings of the galaxy to become the most intelligent being in the whole universe. Ratchet and Clank defeated the emperor and once again, saved the galaxy.
Secret Agent Clank
In Secret Agent Clank, Ratchet was captured and framed by Klunk via a mind control device hidden on his helmet for stealing the Eye of Infinity from the Boltaire Museum. He said that the Eye was taken to a location where no one could find it, and then was taken to the Solana Galaxy's Ultra High Security Prison. Clank saw when Ratchet commited the crime and tried to prove that he was innocent by searching for the Eye. Clank also helped Ratchet by sending weapons to him. In prison, Ratchet woke up and didn't remember anything about the crime he had committed. He then met the Prison Warden who said that he gave him no protection against other prisoners that Ratchet had conquered in his last adventures. Then he had to battle old enemies like Thugs and Tyhrranoids. After he had defeated the attackers, the Prison Warden came to him and said that his old friend wanted to see him. The Thugs-4-Less Leader, who also had been captured, stepped in and ordered his groups to attack. Ratchet had to defeat a group of enemies in a cafeteria to survive. Later he walked in the Prison Yard and saw Slim Cognito who also had been captured in prison. Slim showed Clank's message in which he asked for a code for Le Paradis Des Tricheurs Casino's High-Stakes Room. Slim said that he knew the code but only gave it if Ratchet protected him from his villains. Ratchet then defeated all enemies who tried to eliminate Slim, and he then gave Ratchet the code that he transmitted to Clank. Later on, Ratchet was relaxing in the showers and the Plumber came in, and he said that he was here to fix the cold water pumps. He accidently destroyed the pumps, which the Thugs then thought that Ratchet destroyed them. The Plumber left, leaving Ratchet to defeat another set of enemies. After he defeated all of the attackers, he walked in the yard and suddenly went crazy, then sent a message to Clank. He said that he had set up a laser that destroyed the whole galaxy. After the message had been sent, the Prison Warden walked up to Ratchet and struck him on the back, which returned Ratchet to normal. The Warden said that his message just caused a Prison Break and if Ratchet couldn't stop it, he was responsible for all of it. Ratchet stopped the Prison Break and Clank contacted him. Ratchet didn't remember his formerly sent message at all and Clank realized that there was something wrong with him. Later Clank met Klunk who had put a mind control device in Ratchet's helmet which made Ratchet act so strange. Clank defeated Klunk, and Ratchet was released from the Prison with full pardon.
Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction
In Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction, Ratchet was once again the lead character. Ratchet and Clank started off working on this hoverbike-like object, only to be interrupted by Captain Qwark calling from the Planetary Defense Center. Qwark informed them that he was under attack by thousands of heavily armed commandos. Ratchet crashed his vehicle on the way there, forcing them to go on foot. He then met the main villain in the game, Emperor Percival Tachyon, but as usual, he managed to escape. He then found out about something called the "Lombax Secret" and went to the moonbase where he was thought to have held key information. At the moon base, Ratchet met a girl named Talwyn, and her two war bots Cronk and Zephyr. They then found a room on a lava planet that contained an old holo-vid player showing a video about the Dimensionator (otherwise known as the Lombax Secret). Ratchet then managed to find this device, but only to have it taken away by a pirate named Captain Slag. After defeating Slag, Qwark then snatched the Dimensionator to try to become a superhero once again, but then Tachyon wound up with it. He then started to bring back the Cragmites with the Dimensionator, which was used in the Great War to vanquish them from their universe. At the end of the game, Ratchet found out that his father was the only Lombax, not to flee, but whom'd stayed behind to hide the Dimensionator. Tachyon then offered Ratchet one chance to leave the universe, but Ratchet refused, knowing that no one would be safe if he did, and then proceeded defeated Tachyon. Before Tachyon fell into a black hole he exclaimed that only he knew Ratchet's "true name", implying that Ratchet was not his real name. Ratchet then started to question his true purpose, but Clank reassured him that he had already fulfilled it. Finally, Clank was taken away by the Zoni (which were little robots that only Clank could see until the final cutscene where Ratchet saw them too), saying that it was time for him to go with them, and Ratchet was unable to stop them. | <urn:uuid:b16c1a3b-bab0-4991-a762-226752492c2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://videogamehistory.fandom.com/wiki/Ratchet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979797 | 3,629 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Digestive Care ROYAL CANIN Digestive Care ADULT DOG WET food. For dogs prone to digestive sensitivity.
Support healthy digestion
Precisely balanced nutritional formula which helps support balanced intestinal flora and help promote optimal stool quality.
For dogs prone to digestive sensitivity
Poor quality stools can be a sign of digestive sensitivity. An easy-to-digest food can support optimal digestive health, which contributes to your dog’s overall health and wellbeing.
Canine Care Nutrition programme
Providing a healthy & balanced nutrition with the perfect combination of our dry & wet formulas.
Complete feed for dogs – For adult dogs over 10 months old – Dogs prone to digestive sensitivity.
Composition: meat and animal derivatives, derivatives of vegetable origin, cereals, oils and fats, minerals, various sugars.
ADDITIVES (per kg)
Additives (per kg): Nutritional additives: Vitamin D3: 190 IU, E1 (Iron): 5 mg, E2 (Iodine): 0.3 mg, E4 (Copper): 2.4 mg, E5 (Manganese): 1.4 mg, E6 (Zinc): 14 mg – Technological additives: Clinoptilolite of sedimentary origin: 2.2 g.
Analytical constituants: Protein: 8.6% – Fat content: 5.7% – Crude ash: 1.9% – Crude fibres: 1.3% – Moisture: 79.0%. | <urn:uuid:da7c8da3-9ce4-479d-bdc3-71f70227d29b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thepetshack.ae/product/royal-canin-digestive-care-box-of-12-pouches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.793952 | 330 | 1.632813 | 2 |
When considering your warehouse and its efficiency, it is always a good idea to revisit the basics. Is the layout still optimal? Do your employees know the safety procedures? Do you have enough pallet racking? These are important questions to ask; however, in this blog, we will tackle the last one: pallet racking.
Pallet racking is an essential part of operating a warehouse. You can optimize space, improve organization and ensure that your products are safe.
Back to the Basics… What is Pallet Racking?
Pallet racking, otherwise known as warehouse racking, is the cornerstone of storage in warehouses. It is a storage system that takes advantage of both horizontal and vertical space. In homes, commercial buildings and, yes, sometimes warehouses, vertical storage space is often underutilized.
What are Pallet Racks Made Of?
Pallet racks are intended to provide a simple yet effective storage solution. Pallet racks consist of vertical frames (upright frames) that are connected with steel beams (cross beams). The horizontal and vertical frames create bay areas for storage. The amount of weight that can be carried depends on the type of pallet racking that you purchase.
What are the Benefits of Pallet Racking?
Pallet racking has many advantages for businesses of all types. For example, it is adjustable to fit almost any warehouse layout. Its stacked format allows easy access for your employees to pick and choose products. Pallet racking also helps you store more products, which can fulfill and increase customer demand.
What are the Types of Pallet Racking?
At Port City Industrial, we specialize in teardrop pallet racking. This is also the most common type of pallet racking available. Its structure emphasizes a tear-shaped hole for the crossbeams to be inserted. The unique shape allows for easy access and assembly!
What Should You Consider When Purchasing Pallet Racking?
Costs and budget are just the tips of the iceberg when it comes to investing in pallet racking. What floor space do you have available? Do you know the ceiling height of your warehouse? Which size of pallets are you planning to buy? At Port City Industrial, we are more than happy to help you navigate these decisions.
Port City Industrial is the largest dealer of used pallet racking on the Gulf Coast. We proudly stock high-quality pallet racking from some of the best brands in the business. Our inventory includes over 12,000 square feet of both used and new pallet racking. However, we are more than just a provider! We offer teardown, relocation and maintenance services for pallet racking as well. We want to work with your business, no matter the phase that you are in.
Whenever you need to invest in pallet racking, you can trust that you are in good hands with Port City Industrial. Visit www.portcitymobile.com or call (251) 313-5023 to get started. | <urn:uuid:f56ba0c2-e6af-4eb7-8bf2-1a36bdcb9267> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.portcitymobile.com/what-is-pallet-racking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.934827 | 618 | 1.632813 | 2 |
On December 6, 2021, the Montana Department of Environmental Quality announced four new grants for the Fast Charge Your Ride program. The grants, funded through the Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Trust will include matching private investments, with a focus on connecting key travel corridors and tourist hotspots like Yellowstone National Park.
“Proximity and availability of electric vehicle charging stations is a critical connection for visitors to small communities and for the support of restaurants and small businesses in key Montana tourism corridors,” said Scott Osterman, Director, Montana Department of Commerce. “This network of charging stations opens up the opportunity for more exploration of the state, supporting local economies. We are excited to see the expansion of this infrastructure in Montana.”
This round of grants was awarded with a focus on serving businesses where travelers already commonly stop, as well as rural communities serving tourist destinations. Combined with previous rounds of Fast Charge Your Ride, and private sector investments, this will bring the total number of fast-charge stations around the state to 21. A recent partnership between NorthWestern Energy and Town Pump was also recently announced, and will install nine new charging stations on key corridors throughout the state. These are expected to come online by the Fall of 2023. | <urn:uuid:b75a4311-4b5c-4b2d-a3fd-e5a43fdbbed5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mojo.naseo.org/news-article?NewsID=3683 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953347 | 249 | 1.804688 | 2 |
The low-pressure system that has kept the monsoon moisture east of most of Arizona will erode, bringing a ridge of high pressure over Colorado for the return of deep monsoon moisture to the Southwestern United States by mid-month so read on for details on how it will affect the prone monsoon zones of Southern California …
Join the Facebook Page for Further Updates If You Have Not Yet!
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WEATHER FORCE MAIN:
It will be another 7-10 days for this to fully establish, but the ridge of high pressure developing over Colorado will be in a position to bring a strong southeasterly flow in the low/mid/upper levels across the region after around July 15th but become more established after July 17th.
Because of how it is developing, kinks within the edges of this system will cause easterly waves or focus spots for the thunderstorm activity to be strongest. This should easily go as far as even the areas of Southern California, which signals this will be a strong intrusion event. We had a lot of activity in the state for June, but we have not seen much in July. This will fulfill the wonder on where the monsoon went.
The hardest hit areas will be the San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino Mountains, including the Low Desert areas east of there along with the Las Vegas/Morongo Basin/Colorado River Valley forecast areas. Some easterly flow will also bring this west of the mountains into the San Diego/Inland Empire areas. Depending how far the flow goes, LA/OC could also be within this, but not the hardest hit zones.
Southern California Weather Force will continue to bring the latest during those times, including any alerts over the page, group, or the community supported e-mail alert system you can sign-up for freely below so stay tuned.
Remember, I have the community email alert system this season for members that was paid for with the GFM campaign. A lot was raised to keep it free this season so go ahead of sign-up at this link – https://www.southerncaliforniaweatherforce.com/wishlist-member/?reg=1598803577
If that does not work, go to the main SCWF website and hit ‘Become A Member’ in the menu and sign-up that way. It MIGHT save your life one day …
Join The Main Southern California Weather Force Facebook Group (50 percent delivery time) – You can join the main SCWF page as well through that group.
Click Here To Join The Page Today
FACEBOOK PAGES TO JOIN!
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WEATHER FORCE MAIN: Southern California Weather Force Office Main Page
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WEATHER FORCE METEOROLOGIST: – Just my public figure page that isn’t as large so maybe you can reach me better at times.
INSTAGRAM, TWITTER, TO JOIN!
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/socalweatherforce/
Twitter – https://twitter.com/SCweatherforce
Southern California Weather Force is a custom weather alert service that began in September 1999 off and is regarded as the most accurate weather service in the region, offering custom alerts, maps, and models to help save life and property. The work done here is never 100% accurate, but it comes pretty close. Southern California Weather Force runs on zones, so if an event happens in a zone that is 10 miles from the border of your zone, the forecast is still valid to activate your zone’s alert system. A company quote to the public is that of “The Joker” and tells other agencies in weather this all the time… “This world deserves a better class of meteorologist… and I’m gonna give it to them”… out-forecasting even the National Weather Service with lead-time and precision, which makes this service a focus of ridicule and envy in the weather community due to having such accuracy. Alerts issued here are issued custom from this office and this office alone. You may not even hear it elsewhere, but if one is issued near or in your area, listen up because “if you do not wish to die in weather, follow, it’ll save your life one day.” | <urn:uuid:785acf41-cdcf-4685-ba64-2a3f9b578d81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.southerncaliforniaweatherforce.com/2022/07/08/strong-monsoon-moisture-flow-to-return-to-southern-california-july-15th-deepening-week-of-july-17th/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935858 | 907 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Recorded: 8 July 2020 (1pm - 2pm UK Time)
The ideal tool to implement a water safety plan to ensure your systems are safe; particularly when you return to work after CV-19 lockdown
What is this webinar about?
This webinar introduced BS 8680:2020, the first-ever British Standard on water safety planning. The standard gives users guidance on developing and implementing water safety plans to ensure building water is safe. The webinar is particularly pertinent to organizations returning to premises after the CV-19 lockdown.
Who participated in the webinar?
- Those responsible for water safety planning
- Those involved in water systems management who want to demonstrate current good practice and compliance
- Duty holders and appointed responsible/accountable persons
- Water Safety Groups and all those having an influence on the safety of water systems, including those involved in the development process for new and refurbished/upgraded systems
- Operators, users, service providers, water treatment providers, professional bodies and regulators, public health and environmental health professionals, risk assessors, providers of sampling and laboratory services, repair and maintenance, specialist advisors/authorising engineers, standard-setting bodies and certification agencies, infection-control teams and personnel in hospitals, healthcare, dental and medical facilities, etc.
Why should you watch this webinar?
The poor design and management of water systems in buildings can cause the outbreak of easily preventable diseases. BS 8680 sets out recommendations and guidance on how to implement a Water Safety Plan (WSP), which is the most effective way of consistently ensuring water supply safety.
- Provides authoritative recommendations and guidance for Water Safety Planning to help ensure public health and safety
- Provides a preventative risk-management approach, based on a method developed by the World Health Organization
- Supplements UK national guidance for healthcare premises
- It will assist Water Safety Groups to ensure they have a holistic approach to water safety across all types of systems and equipment which use or contain water.
- Can be applied to all types of premises and undertakings with water systems that can pose a risk to those exposed, either from the water itself or aerosols
- Can be applied retrospectively to control risks to health from all types of water use | <urn:uuid:c8f59ee6-8e53-4022-87d0-78c5f86c1bbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bsigroup.com/en-US/our-services/events/webinars/2020/introducing-bs-86802020-water-quality.-water-safety-plans.-code-of-practice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923949 | 465 | 2.203125 | 2 |
What are the Great Ideas?
“Great Ideas” are recurring themes that appear throughout writing and literature as each author plays off of his predecessor and adds his own thoughts to the “Great Conversation.”
Mortimer Adler called themes that turn up regularly in literature and thought “Great Ideas.” In the 1950s, he indexed his collection of classics, the Great Books, listing the “great ideas” that each dealt with. Adler said that anyone should feel comfortable engaging with the Great Books and their philosophy. In two large volumes called the Syntopicon, Adler listed his 102 recurring themes, or Great Ideas. They include topics such as Truth, Goodness, Beauty, Justice, Time, Language, Emotion, Infinity, Being, and on.
The Great Conversation
The great conversation is the age-old conversation carried on by thinkers and writers as they build on, respond to, and refine their predecessors’ great ideas. It happens when Aristotle reads Plato and disagrees, a Roman reads Aristotle and adds to him, an early Christian like Augustine uses one of their ideas to explain a Christian doctrine, a medieval monk systematised it, a reformer reforms it, an early moderns discusses it. And now we have the conversation in the form of classic texts and it’s our turn to learn from and add to it. Dealing with ideas in the great conversation has proved for centuries to develop critical thinking skills, imagination, logic, and rhetoric. | <urn:uuid:d5b1b4f8-d9e5-4e89-944c-bb1a2009d9ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://classicalchristian.org/what-are-great-ideas/?v=a44707111a05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956625 | 310 | 3.171875 | 3 |
|Part of a series on|
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology, philosophy and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the good of the nation and race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy that rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I, before spreading to other European countries, such as Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Opposed to democracy, pluralism, free-market capitalism, anarchism, liberalism, conservatism, socialism, communism and Marxism, fascism is placed on the far-right wing within the traditional left–right spectrum.
Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that brought massive changes to the nature of war, society, the state, and technology. The advent of total war and the total mass mobilization of society had broken down the distinction between civilians and combatants. A military citizenship arose in which all citizens were involved with the military in some manner during the war. The war had resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines and providing economic production and logistics to support them, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens.
Fascists believe that liberal democracy is obsolete. They regard the complete mobilization of society under a totalitarian one-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic difficulties. A fascist state is led by a strong leader (such as a dictator) and a martial law government composed of the members of the governing fascist party to forge national unity and maintain a stable and orderly society. Fascism rejects assertions that violence is automatically negative in nature and views imperialism, political violence and war as means that can achieve national rejuvenation. Fascists advocate a dirigiste economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) through protectionist and economic interventionist policies. The extreme authoritarianism and nationalism of fascism often manifests a belief in racial purity or a master race, usually synthesized with some variant of racism or bigotry against a demonized "Other". These ideas have motivated fascist regimes to commit genocides, massacres, forced sterilizations, mass killings, and forced deportations.
Since the end of World War II in 1945, few parties have openly described themselves as fascist; the term is more often used pejoratively by political opponents. The descriptions of neo-fascist or post-fascist are sometimes applied more formally to describe contemporary parties of the far-right with ideologies similar to, or rooted in, 20th-century fascist movements.
The Italian term fascismo is derived from fascio, meaning 'bundle of sticks', ultimately from the Latin word fasces. This was the name given to political organizations in Italy known as fasci, groups similar to guilds or syndicates. According to Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini's own account, the Fasces of Revolutionary Action were founded in Italy in 1915. In 1919, Mussolini founded the Italian Fasces of Combat in Milan, which became the National Fascist Party two years later. The Fascists came to associate the term with the ancient Roman fasces or fascio littorio, a bundle of rods tied around an axe, an ancient Roman symbol of the authority of the civic magistrate carried by his lictors, which could be used for corporal and capital punishment at his command.[page needed]
The symbolism of the fasces suggested strength through unity: a single rod is easily broken, while the bundle is difficult to break.[page needed] Similar symbols were developed by different fascist movements: for example, the Falange symbol is five arrows joined by a yoke.[page needed]
Historians, political scientists, and other scholars have long debated the exact nature of fascism.[page needed] Historian Ian Kershaw once wrote that "trying to define 'fascism' is like trying to nail jelly to the wall." Each different group described as fascist has at least some unique elements, and many definitions of fascism have been criticized as either too broad or too narrow. According to many scholars, fascism—especially once in power—has historically attacked communism, conservatism, and parliamentary liberalism, attracting support primarily from the far-right. One common definition of the term, frequently cited by reliable sources[like whom?] as a standard definition, is that of historian Stanley G. Payne.
Payne's definition of fascism focuses on three concepts:
- "Fascist negations" – anti-liberalism, anti-communism, and anti-conservatism.
- "Fascist goals" – the creation of a nationalist dictatorship to regulate economic structure and to transform social relations within a modern, self-determined culture, and the expansion of the nation into an empire.
- "Fascist style" – a political aesthetic of romantic symbolism, mass mobilization, a positive view of violence, and promotion of masculinity, youth, and charismatic authoritarian leadership.
In his book How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them, Professor Jason Stanley observed: "The leader proposes that only he can solve it and all of his political opponents are enemies or traitors." Stanley says recent global events as of 2020[update], including the pandemic and the protests, have substantiated his concern about how fascist rhetoric is showing up in politics and policies around the world. Historian John Lukacs argues that there is no such thing as generic fascism. He claims that Nazism and communism are essentially manifestations of populism and that states such as Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy are more different than similar. Roger Griffin describes fascism as "a genus of political ideology whose mythic core in its various permutations is a palingenetic form of populist ultranationalism." Griffin describes the ideology as having three core components: "(i) the rebirth myth, (ii) populist ultra-nationalism, and (iii) the myth of decadence." In Griffin's view, fascism is "a genuinely revolutionary, trans-class form of anti-liberal, and in the last analysis, anti-conservative nationalism" built on a complex range of theoretical and cultural influences. He distinguishes an inter-war period in which it manifested itself in elite-led but populist "armed party" politics opposing socialism and liberalism, and promising radical politics to rescue the nation from decadence.[page needed] Kershaw argues that the difference between fascism and other forms of right-wing authoritarianism in the Interwar period is that the latter generally aimed "to conserve the existing social order", whereas fascism was "revolutionary", seeking to change society and obtain "total commitment" from the population.
In Against the Fascist Creep, Alexander Reid Ross writes regarding Griffin's view: "Following the Cold War and shifts in fascist organizing techniques, a number of scholars have moved toward the minimalist 'new consensus' refined by Roger Griffin: 'the mythic core' of fascism is 'a populist form of palingenetic ultranationalism.' That means that fascism is an ideology that draws on old, ancient, and even arcane myths of racial, cultural, ethnic, and national origins to develop a plan for the 'new man.'" Griffin himself explored this 'mythic' or 'eliminable' core of fascism with his concept of post-fascism to explore the continuation of Nazism in the modern era. Additionally, other historians have applied this minimalist core to explore proto-fascist movements.
Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser argue that although fascism "flirted with populism ... in an attempt to generate mass support", it is better seen as an elitist ideology. They cite in particular its exaltation of the Leader, the race, and the state, rather than the people. They see populism as a "thin-centered ideology" with a "restricted morphology" that necessarily becomes attached to "thick-centered" ideologies such as fascism, liberalism, or socialism. Thus populism can be found as an aspect of many specific ideologies, without necessarily being a defining characteristic of those ideologies. They refer to the combination of populism, authoritarianism and ultranationalism as "a marriage of convenience".
Robert Paxton says: "[Fascism is] a form of political behavior marked by obsessive preoccupation with community decline, humiliation, or victimhood and by compensatory cults of unity, energy, and purity, in which a mass-based party of committed nationalist militants, working in uneasy but effective collaboration with traditional elites, abandons democratic liberties and pursues with redemptive violence and without ethical or legal restraints goals of internal cleansing and external expansion." Roger Eatwell defines fascism as "an ideology that strives to forge social rebirth based on a holistic-national radical Third Way", while Walter Laqueur sees the core tenets of fascism as "self-evident: nationalism; social Darwinism; racialism, the need for leadership, a new aristocracy, and obedience; and the negation of the ideals of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution."
Racism was a key feature of German fascism, for which the Holocaust was a high priority. According to the historiography of genocide, "In dealing with the Holocaust, it is the consensus of historians that Nazi Germany targeted Jews as a race, not as a religious group." Umberto Eco, Kevin Passmore, John Weiss,[page needed] Ian Adams,[page needed] and Moyra Grant stress racism as a characteristic component of German fascism. Historian Robert Soucy stated that "Hitler envisioned the ideal German society as a Volksgemeinschaft, a racially unified and hierarchically organized body in which the interests of individuals would be strictly subordinate to those of the nation, or Volk." Kershaw noted that common factors of fascism included "the ‘cleansing’ of all those deemed not to belong – foreigners, ethnic minorities, 'undesirables'" and belief in its own nation's superiority, even if it was not biological racism like in Nazism. Fascist philosophies vary by application, but remain distinct by one theoretical commonality: all traditionally fall into the far-right sector of any political spectrum, catalyzed by afflicted class identities over conventional social inequities.
Position in the political spectrum
Most scholars place fascism on the far right of the political spectrum. Such scholarship focuses on its social conservatism and its authoritarian means of opposing egalitarianism. Roderick Stackelberg places fascism—including Nazism, which he says is "a radical variant of fascism"—on the political right by explaining: "The more a person deems absolute equality among all people to be a desirable condition, the further left he or she will be on the ideological spectrum. The more a person considers inequality to be unavoidable or even desirable, the further to the right he or she will be."
Fascism's origins are complex and include many seemingly contradictory viewpoints, ultimately centered on a mythos of national rebirth from decadence. Fascism was founded during World War I by Italian national syndicalists who drew upon both left-wing organizational tactics and right-wing political views. Italian Fascism gravitated to the right in the early 1920s. A major element of fascist ideology that has been deemed to be far right is its stated goal to promote the right of a supposedly superior people to dominate, while purging society of supposedly inferior elements.
In the 1920s, the Italian Fascists described their ideology as right-wing in the political program The Doctrine of Fascism, stating: "We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right,' a fascist century." Mussolini stated that fascism's position on the political spectrum was not a serious issue for fascists: "Fascism, sitting on the right, could also have sat on the mountain of the center. ... These words in any case do not have a fixed and unchanged meaning: they do have a variable subject to location, time and spirit. We don't give a damn about these empty terminologies and we despise those who are terrorized by these words."
Major Italian groups politically on the right, especially rich landowners and big business, feared an uprising by groups on the left, such as sharecroppers and labour unions. They welcomed Fascism and supported its violent suppression of opponents on the left. The accommodation of the political right into the Italian Fascist movement in the early 1920s created internal factions within the movement. The "Fascist left" included Michele Bianchi, Giuseppe Bottai, Angelo Oliviero Olivetti, Sergio Panunzio, and Edmondo Rossoni, who were committed to advancing national syndicalism as a replacement for parliamentary liberalism in order to modernize the economy and advance the interests of workers and the common people. The "Fascist right" included members of the paramilitary Blackshirts and former members of the Italian Nationalist Association (ANI). The Blackshirts wanted to establish Fascism as a complete dictatorship, while the former ANI members, including Alfredo Rocco, sought to institute an authoritarian corporatist state to replace the liberal state in Italy while retaining the existing elites. Upon accommodating the political right, there arose a group of monarchist fascists who sought to use fascism to create an absolute monarchy under King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.
After the fall of the Fascist regime in Italy, when King Victor Emmanuel III forced Mussolini to resign as head of government and placed him under arrest in 1943, Mussolini was rescued by German forces. While continuing to rely on Germany for support, Mussolini and the remaining loyal Fascists founded the Italian Social Republic with Mussolini as head of state. Mussolini sought to re-radicalize Italian Fascism, declaring that the Fascist state had been overthrown because Italian Fascism had been subverted by Italian conservatives and the bourgeoisie. Then the new Fascist government proposed the creation of workers' councils and profit-sharing in industry, although the German authorities, who effectively controlled northern Italy at this point, ignored these measures and did not seek to enforce them.
A number of post-World War II fascist movements described themselves as a Third Position outside the traditional political spectrum. Falange Española de las JONS leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera said: "[B]asically the Right stands for the maintenance of an economic structure, albeit an unjust one, while the Left stands for the attempt to subvert that economic structure, even though the subversion thereof would entail the destruction of much that was worthwhile."
Fascist as a pejorative
The term fascist has been used as a pejorative, regarding varying movements across the far right of the political spectrum. George Orwell noted in 1944 that the term had been used to denigrate diverse positions "in internal politics": while fascism is "a political and economic system" that was inconvenient to define, "as used, the word 'Fascism' is almost entirely meaningless. ... almost any English person would accept 'bully' as a synonym for 'Fascist,'"(emphasis added), and in 1946 wrote that "...'Fascism' has now no meaning except in so far as it signifies something not desirable."
Despite fascist movements' history of anti-communism, Communist states have sometimes been referred to as fascist, typically as an insult. It has been applied to Marxist–Leninist regimes in Cuba under Fidel Castro and Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh. Chinese Marxists used the term to denounce the Soviet Union during the Sino-Soviet split, and the Soviets used the term to denounce Chinese Marxists and social democracy, coining a new term in social fascism.
In the United States, Herbert Matthews of The New York Times asked in 1946: "Should we now place Stalinist Russia in the same category as Hitlerite Germany? Should we say that she is Fascist?" J. Edgar Hoover, longtime FBI director and ardent anti-communist, wrote extensively of red fascism. The Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s was sometimes called fascist. Historian Peter Amann states that, "Undeniably, the Klan had some traits in common with European fascism—chauvinism, racism, a mystique of violence, an affirmation of a certain kind of archaic traditionalism—yet their differences were fundamental ... [the KKK] never envisioned a change of political or economic system."
Professor Richard Griffiths of the University of Wales wrote in 2005 that "fascism" is the "most misused, and over-used word, of our times."[page needed][clarification needed] "Fascist" is sometimes applied to post-World War II organizations and ways of thinking that academics more commonly term neo-fascist.
Background and 19th-century roots
Georges Valois, founder of the first non-Italian fascist party Faisceau, claimed the roots of fascism stemmed from the late 18th century Jacobin movement, seeing in its totalitarian nature a foreshadowing of the fascist state. Historian George Mosse similarly analyzed fascism as an inheritor of the mass ideology and civil religion of the French Revolution, as well as a result of the brutalization of societies in 1914–1918.
Historians such as Irene Collins and Howard C Payne see Napoleon III, who ran a 'police state' and suppressed the media, as a forerunner of fascism. According to David Thomson, the Italian Risorgimento of 1871 led to the 'nemesis of fascism'. William L Shirer sees a continuity from the views of Fichte and Hegel, through Bismarck, to Hitler; Robert Gerwarth speaks of a 'direct line' from Bismarck to Hitler. Julian Dierkes sees fascism as a 'particularly violent form of imperialism'.
Fin de siècle era and fusion of Maurrasism with Sorelianism (1880–1914)
The historian Zeev Sternhell has traced the ideological roots of fascism back to the 1880s and in particular to the fin de siècle theme of that time. The theme was based on a revolt against materialism, rationalism, positivism, bourgeois society, and democracy. The fin-de-siècle generation supported emotionalism, irrationalism, subjectivism and vitalism. They regarded civilization as being in crisis, requiring a massive and total solution. Their intellectual school considered the individual as only one part of the larger collectivity, which should not be viewed as a numerical sum of atomized individuals. They condemned the rationalistic, liberal individualism of society and the dissolution of social links in bourgeois society.
The fin-de-siècle outlook was influenced by various intellectual developments, including Darwinian biology, Gesamtkunstwerk, Arthur de Gobineau's racialism, Gustave Le Bon's psychology, and the philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Henri Bergson. Social Darwinism, which gained widespread acceptance, made no distinction between physical and social life, and viewed the human condition as being an unceasing struggle to achieve the survival of the fittest. It challenged positivism's claim of deliberate and rational choice as the determining behaviour of humans, with social Darwinism focusing on heredity, race, and environment. Its emphasis on biogroup identity and the role of organic relations within societies fostered the legitimacy and appeal of nationalism. New theories of social and political psychology also rejected the notion of human behaviour being governed by rational choice and instead claimed that emotion was more influential in political issues than reason. Nietzsche's argument that "God is dead" coincided with his attack on the "herd mentality" of Christianity, democracy, and modern collectivism, his concept of the Übermensch, and his advocacy of the will to power as a primordial instinct, were major influences upon many of the fin-de-siècle generation. Bergson's claim of the existence of an élan vital, or vital instinct, centred upon free choice and rejected the processes of materialism and determinism; this challenged Marxism.
In his work The Ruling Class (1896), Gaetano Mosca developed the theory that claims that in all societies an "organized minority" would dominate and rule over an "disorganized majority", stating that there are only two classes in society, "the governing" (the organized minority) and "the governed" (the disorganized majority). He claims that the organized nature of the organized minority makes it irresistible to any individual of the disorganized majority.
French nationalist and reactionary monarchist Charles Maurras influenced fascism. Maurras promoted what he called integral nationalism, which called for the organic unity of a nation, and insisted that a powerful monarch was an ideal leader of a nation. Maurras distrusted what he considered the democratic mystification of the popular will that created an impersonal collective subject. He claimed that a powerful monarch was a personified sovereign who could exercise authority to unite a nation's people. Maurras' integral nationalism was idealized by fascists, but modified into a modernized revolutionary form that was devoid of Maurras' monarchism.
French revolutionary syndicalist Georges Sorel promoted the legitimacy of political violence in his work Reflections on Violence (1908) and other works in which he advocated radical syndicalist action to achieve a revolution to overthrow capitalism and the bourgeoisie through a general strike. In Reflections on Violence, Sorel emphasized need for a revolutionary political religion. Also in his work The Illusions of Progress, Sorel denounced democracy as reactionary, saying "nothing is more aristocratic than democracy." By 1909, after the failure of a syndicalist general strike in France, Sorel and his supporters left the radical left and went to the radical right, where they sought to merge militant Catholicism and French patriotism with their views—advocating anti-republican Christian French patriots as ideal revolutionaries. Initially, Sorel had officially been a revisionist of Marxism, but by 1910 announced his abandonment of socialist literature and claimed in 1914, using an aphorism of Benedetto Croce that "socialism is dead" because of the "decomposition of Marxism". Sorel became a supporter of reactionary Maurrassian nationalism beginning in 1909 that influenced his works. Maurras held interest in merging his nationalist ideals with Sorelian syndicalism, known as Sorelianism, as a means to confront democracy. Maurras stated that "a socialism liberated from the democratic and cosmopolitan element fits nationalism well as a well made glove fits a beautiful hand."
The fusion of Maurrassian nationalism and Sorelian syndicalism influenced radical Italian nationalist Enrico Corradini. Corradini spoke of the need for a nationalist-syndicalist movement, led by elitist aristocrats and anti-democrats who shared a revolutionary syndicalist commitment to direct action and a willingness to fight. Corradini spoke of Italy as being a "proletarian nation" that needed to pursue imperialism in order to challenge the "plutocratic" French and British. Corradini's views were part of a wider set of perceptions within the right-wing Italian Nationalist Association (ANI), which claimed that Italy's economic backwardness was caused by corruption in its political class, liberalism, and division caused by "ignoble socialism".
The ANI held ties and influence among conservatives, Catholics, and the business community. Italian national syndicalists held a common set of principles: the rejection of bourgeois values, democracy, liberalism, Marxism, internationalism, and pacifism, and the promotion of heroism, vitalism, and violence. The ANI claimed that liberal democracy was no longer compatible with the modern world, and advocated a strong state and imperialism. They believed that humans are naturally predatory, and that nations are in a constant struggle in which only the strongest would survive.
Futurism was both an artistic-cultural movement and initially a political movement in Italy led by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti who founded the Manifesto of Futurism (1908), that championed the causes of modernism, action, and political violence as necessary elements of politics while denouncing liberalism and parliamentary politics. Marinetti rejected conventional democracy based on majority rule and egalitarianism, for a new form of democracy, promoting what he described in his work "The Futurist Conception of Democracy" as the following: "We are therefore able to give the directions to create and to dismantle to numbers, to quantity, to the mass, for with us number, quantity and mass will never be—as they are in Germany and Russia—the number, quantity and mass of mediocre men, incapable and indecisive."
Futurism influenced fascism in its emphasis on recognizing the virile nature of violent action and war as being necessities of modern civilization. Marinetti promoted the need of physical training of young men saying that, in male education, gymnastics should take precedence over books. He advocated segregation of the genders because womanly sensibility must not enter men's education, which he claimed must be "lively, bellicose, muscular and violently dynamic."
World War I and its aftermath (1914–1929)
At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the Italian political left became severely split over its position on the war. The Italian Socialist Party (PSI) opposed the war but a number of Italian revolutionary syndicalists supported war against Germany and Austria-Hungary on the grounds that their reactionary regimes had to be defeated to ensure the success of socialism. Angelo Oliviero Olivetti formed a pro-interventionist fascio called the Revolutionary Fasces of International Action in October 1914. Benito Mussolini upon being expelled from his position as chief editor of the PSI's newspaper Avanti! for his anti-German stance, joined the interventionist cause in a separate fascio. The term "Fascism" was first used in 1915 by members of Mussolini's movement, the Fasces of Revolutionary Action.
The first meeting of the Fasces of Revolutionary Action was held on 24 January 1915 when Mussolini declared that it was necessary for Europe to resolve its national problems—including national borders—of Italy and elsewhere "for the ideals of justice and liberty for which oppressed peoples must acquire the right to belong to those national communities from which they descended." Attempts to hold mass meetings were ineffective and the organization was regularly harassed by government authorities and socialists.
Similar political ideas arose in Germany after the outbreak of the war. German sociologist Johann Plenge spoke of the rise of a "National Socialism" in Germany within what he termed the "ideas of 1914" that were a declaration of war against the "ideas of 1789" (the French Revolution). According to Plenge, the "ideas of 1789"—such as the rights of man, democracy, individualism and liberalism—were being rejected in favor of "the ideas of 1914" that included "German values" of duty, discipline, law and order. Plenge believed that racial solidarity (Volksgemeinschaft) would replace class division and that "racial comrades" would unite to create a socialist society in the struggle of "proletarian" Germany against "capitalist" Britain. He believed that the Spirit of 1914 manifested itself in the concept of the People's League of National Socialism. This National Socialism was a form of state socialism that rejected the "idea of boundless freedom" and promoted an economy that would serve the whole of Germany under the leadership of the state. This National Socialism was opposed to capitalism because of the components that were against "the national interest" of Germany but insisted that National Socialism would strive for greater efficiency in the economy.[page needed] Plenge advocated an authoritarian rational ruling elite to develop National Socialism through a hierarchical technocratic state.
Impact of World War I
Fascists viewed World War I as bringing revolutionary changes in the nature of war, society, the state and technology, as the advent of total war and mass mobilization had broken down the distinction between civilian and combatant, as civilians had become a critical part in economic production for the war effort and thus arose a "military citizenship" in which all citizens were involved to the military in some manner during the war. World War I had resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines or provide economic production and logistics to support those on the front lines, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens. Fascists viewed technological developments of weaponry and the state's total mobilization of its population in the war as symbolizing the beginning of a new era fusing state power with mass politics, technology and particularly the mobilizing myth that they contended had triumphed over the myth of progress and the era of liberalism.
Impact of the Bolshevik Revolution
The October Revolution of 1917, in which Bolshevik communists led by Vladimir Lenin seized power in Russia, greatly influenced the development of fascism. In 1917, Mussolini, as leader of the Fasces of Revolutionary Action, praised the October Revolution, but later he became unimpressed with Lenin, regarding him as merely a new version of Tsar Nicholas II. After World War I, fascists commonly campaigned on anti-Marxist agendas.
Liberal opponents of both fascism and the Bolsheviks argue that there are various similarities between the two, including that they believed in the necessity of a vanguard leadership, had disdain for bourgeois values, and it is argued had totalitarian ambitions. In practice, both have commonly emphasized revolutionary action, proletarian nation theories, one-party states, and party-armies; however, both draw clear distinctions from each other both in aims and tactics, with the Bolsheviks emphasizing the need for an organized participatory democracy (Soviet democracy) and an egalitarian, internationalist vision for society based on proletarian internationalism, while fascists emphasized hyper-nationalism and open hostility towards democracy, envisioning a hierarchical social structure as essential to their aims. With the antagonism between anti-interventionist Marxists and pro-interventionist Fascists complete by the end of the war, the two sides became irreconcilable. The Fascists presented themselves as anti-communists and as especially opposed to the Marxists.
Fascist Manifesto and Charter of Carnaro
In 1919, Alceste De Ambris and futurist movement leader Filippo Tommaso Marinetti created "The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat". The Fascist Manifesto was presented on 6 June 1919 in the Fascist newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia and supported the creation of universal suffrage, including women's suffrage (the latter being realized only partly in late 1925, with all opposition parties banned or disbanded); proportional representation on a regional basis; government representation through a corporatist system of "National Councils" of experts, selected from professionals and tradespeople, elected to represent and hold legislative power over their respective areas, including labour, industry, transportation, public health, and communications, among others; and abolition of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy. The Fascist Manifesto supported the creation of an eight-hour work day for all workers, a minimum wage, worker representation in industrial management, equal confidence in labour unions as in industrial executives and public servants, reorganization of the transportation sector, revision of the draft law on invalidity insurance, reduction of the retirement age from 65 to 55, a strong progressive tax on capital, confiscation of the property of religious institutions and abolishment of bishoprics, and revision of military contracts to allow the government to seize 85% of profits. It also called for the fulfillment of expansionist aims in the Balkans and other parts of the Mediterranean,[page needed] the creation of a short-service national militia to serve defensive duties, nationalization of the armaments industry, and a foreign policy designed to be peaceful but also competitive.
The next events that influenced the Fascists in Italy was the raid of Fiume by Italian nationalist Gabriele d'Annunzio and the founding of the Charter of Carnaro in 1920. D'Annunzio and De Ambris designed the Charter, which advocated national-syndicalist corporatist productionism alongside D'Annunzio's political views. Many Fascists saw the Charter of Carnaro as an ideal constitution for a Fascist Italy. This behaviour of aggression towards Yugoslavia and South Slavs was pursued by Italian Fascists with their persecution of South Slavs—especially Slovenes and Croats.
From populism to conservative accommodations
In 1920, militant strike activity by industrial workers reached its peak in Italy and 1919 and 1920 were known as the "Red Year" (Biennio Rosso). Mussolini and the Fascists took advantage of the situation by allying with industrial businesses and attacking workers and peasants in the name of preserving order and internal peace in Italy.
Fascists identified their primary opponents as the majority of socialists on the left who had opposed intervention in World War I. The Fascists and the Italian political right held common ground: both held Marxism in contempt, discounted class consciousness and believed in the rule of elites. The Fascists assisted the anti-socialist campaign by allying with the other parties and the conservative right in a mutual effort to destroy the Italian Socialist Party and labour organizations committed to class identity above national identity.
Fascism sought to accommodate Italian conservatives by making major alterations to its political agenda—abandoning its previous populism, republicanism and anticlericalism, adopting policies in support of free enterprise and accepting the Catholic Church and the monarchy as institutions in Italy. To appeal to Italian conservatives, Fascism adopted policies such as promoting family values, including policies designed to reduce the number of women in the workforce—limiting the woman's role to that of a mother. The Fascists banned literature on birth control and increased penalties for abortion in 1926, declaring both crimes against the state.
Although Fascism adopted a number of anti-modern positions designed to appeal to people upset with the new trends in sexuality and women's rights—especially those with a reactionary point of view—the Fascists sought to maintain Fascism's revolutionary character, with Angelo Oliviero Olivetti saying: "Fascism would like to be conservative, but it will [be] by being revolutionary." The Fascists supported revolutionary action and committed to secure law and order to appeal to both conservatives and syndicalists.
Prior to Fascism's accommodations to the political right, Fascism was a small, urban, northern Italian movement that had about a thousand members. After Fascism's accommodation of the political right, the Fascist movement's membership soared to approximately 250,000 by 1921. A 2020 article by Daron Acemoğlu, Giuseppe De Feo, Giacomo De Luca, and Gianluca Russo in the Center for Economic and Policy Research, exploring the link between the threat of socialism and Mussolini's rise to power, found "a strong association between the Red Scare in Italy and the subsequent local support for the Fascist Party in the early 1920s." According to the authors, it was local elites and large landowners who played an important role in boosting Fascist Party activity and support, which did not come from socialists' core supporters but from centre-right voters, as they viewed traditional centre-right parties as ineffective in stopping socialism and turned to the Fascists. In 2003, historian Adrian Lyttelton wrote: "The expansion of Fascism in the rural areas was stimulated and directed by the reaction of the farmers and landowners against the peasant leagues of both Socialists and Catholics."
Beginning in 1922, Fascist paramilitaries escalated their strategy from one of attacking socialist offices and the homes of socialist leadership figures, to one of violent occupation of cities. The Fascists met little serious resistance from authorities and proceeded to take over several northern Italian cities. The Fascists attacked the headquarters of socialist and Catholic labour unions in Cremona and imposed forced Italianization upon the German-speaking population of Trent and Bolzano. After seizing these cities, the Fascists made plans to take Rome.
On 24 October 1922, the Fascist party held its annual congress in Naples, where Mussolini ordered Blackshirts to take control of public buildings and trains and to converge on three points around Rome. The Fascists managed to seize control of several post offices and trains in northern Italy while the Italian government, led by a left-wing coalition, was internally divided and unable to respond to the Fascist advances. King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy perceived the risk of bloodshed in Rome in response to attempting to disperse the Fascists to be too high. Victor Emmanuel III decided to appoint Mussolini as Prime Minister of Italy and Mussolini arrived in Rome on 30 October to accept the appointment. Fascist propaganda aggrandized this event, known as "March on Rome", as a "seizure" of power because of Fascists' heroic exploits.
Historian Stanley G. Payne says: "[Fascism in Italy was a] primarily political dictatorship. ... The Fascist Party itself had become almost completely bureaucratized and subservient to, not dominant over, the state itself. Big business, industry, and finance retained extensive autonomy, particularly in the early years. The armed forces also enjoyed considerable autonomy. ... The Fascist militia was placed under military control. ... The judicial system was left largely intact and relatively autonomous as well. The police continued to be directed by state officials and were not taken over by party leaders ... nor was a major new police elite created. ... There was never any question of bringing the Church under overall subservience. ... Sizable sectors of Italian cultural life retained extensive autonomy, and no major state propaganda-and-culture ministry existed. ... The Mussolini regime was neither especially sanguinary nor particularly repressive."
Mussolini in power
Upon being appointed Prime Minister of Italy, Mussolini had to form a coalition government because the Fascists did not have control over the Italian parliament. Mussolini's coalition government initially pursued economically liberal policies under the direction of liberal finance minister Alberto De Stefani, a member of the Center Party, including balancing the budget through deep cuts to the civil service. Initially, little drastic change in government policy had occurred and repressive police actions were limited.
The Fascists began their attempt to entrench Fascism in Italy with the Acerbo Law, which guaranteed a plurality of the seats in parliament to any party or coalition list in an election that received 25% or more of the vote. Through considerable Fascist violence and intimidation, the list won a majority of the vote, allowing many seats to go to the Fascists. In the aftermath of the election, a crisis and political scandal erupted after Socialist Party deputy Giacomo Matteotti was kidnapped and murdered by a Fascist. The liberals and the leftist minority in parliament walked out in protest in what became known as the Aventine Secession. On 3 January 1925, Mussolini addressed the Fascist-dominated Italian parliament and declared that he was personally responsible for what happened, but insisted that he had done nothing wrong. Mussolini proclaimed himself dictator of Italy, assuming full responsibility over the government and announcing the dismissal of parliament. From 1925 to 1929, Fascism steadily became entrenched in power: opposition deputies were denied access to parliament, censorship was introduced and a December 1925 decree made Mussolini solely responsible to the King.
In 1929, the Fascist regime briefly gained what was in effect a blessing of the Catholic Church after the regime signed a concordat with the Church, known as the Lateran Treaty, which gave the papacy state sovereignty and financial compensation for the seizure of Church lands by the liberal state in the nineteenth century, but within two years the Church had renounced Fascism in the Encyclical Non Abbiamo Bisogno as a "pagan idolatry of the state" which teaches "hatred, violence and irreverence". Not long after signing the agreement, by Mussolini's own confession, the Church had threatened to have him "excommunicated", in part because of his intractable nature, but also because he had "confiscated more issues of Catholic newspapers in the next three months than in the previous seven years." By the late 1930s, Mussolini became more vocal in his anti-clerical rhetoric, repeatedly denouncing the Catholic Church and discussing ways to depose the pope. He took the position that the "papacy was a malignant tumor in the body of Italy and must 'be rooted out once and for all,' because there was no room in Rome for both the Pope and himself." In her 1974 book, Mussolini's widow Rachele stated that her husband had always been an atheist until near the end of his life, writing that her husband was "basically irreligious until the later years of his life."
The Nazis in Germany employed similar anti-clerical policies. The Gestapo confiscated hundreds of monasteries in Austria and Germany, evicted clergymen and laymen alike and often replaced crosses with swastikas. Referring to the swastika as "the Devil's Cross", church leaders found their youth organizations banned, their meetings limited and various Catholic periodicals censored or banned. Government officials eventually found it necessary to place "Nazis into editorial positions in the Catholic press." Up to 2,720 clerics, mostly Catholics, were arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned inside of Germany's Dachau concentration camp, resulting in over 1,000 deaths.
Corporatist economic system
The Fascist regime created a corporatist economic system in 1925 with creation of the Palazzo Vidoni Pact, in which the Italian employers' association Confindustria and Fascist trade unions agreed to recognize each other as the sole representatives of Italy's employers and employees, excluding non-Fascist trade unions. The Fascist regime first created a Ministry of Corporations that organized the Italian economy into 22 sectoral corporations, banned workers' strikes and lock-outs and in 1927 created the Charter of Labour, which established workers' rights and duties and created labour tribunals to arbitrate employer-employee disputes. In practice, the sectoral corporations exercised little independence and were largely controlled by the regime, and the employee organizations were rarely led by employees themselves, but instead by appointed Fascist party members.
Aggressive foreign policy
In the 1920s, Fascist Italy pursued an aggressive foreign policy that included an attack on the Greek island of Corfu, ambitions to expand Italian territory in the Balkans, plans to wage war against Turkey and Yugoslavia, attempts to bring Yugoslavia into civil war by supporting Croat and Macedonian separatists to legitimize Italian intervention and making Albania a de facto protectorate of Italy, which was achieved through diplomatic means by 1927. In response to revolt in the Italian colony of Libya, Fascist Italy abandoned previous liberal-era colonial policy of cooperation with local leaders. Instead, claiming that Italians were a superior race to African races and thereby had the right to colonize the "inferior" Africans, it sought to settle 10 to 15 million Italians in Libya. This resulted in an aggressive military campaign known as the Pacification of Libya against natives in Libya, including mass killings, the use of concentration camps and the forced starvation of thousands of people. Italian authorities committed ethnic cleansing by forcibly expelling 100,000 Bedouin Cyrenaicans, half the population of Cyrenaica in Libya, from their settlements that was slated to be given to Italian settlers.
Hitler adopts Italian model
The March on Rome brought Fascism international attention. One early admirer of the Italian Fascists was Adolf Hitler, who less than a month after the March had begun to model himself and the Nazi Party upon Mussolini and the Fascists. The Nazis, led by Hitler and the German war hero Erich Ludendorff, attempted a "March on Berlin" modeled upon the March on Rome, which resulted in the failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich in November 1923.
International impact of the Great Depression and buildup to World War II
The conditions of economic hardship caused by the Great Depression brought about an international surge of social unrest. According to historian Philip Morgan, "the onset of the Great Depression ... was the greatest stimulus yet to the diffusion and expansion of fascism outside Italy."[page needed] Fascist propaganda blamed the problems of the long depression of the 1930s on minorities and scapegoats: "Judeo-Masonic-bolshevik" conspiracies, left-wing internationalism and the presence of immigrants.
In Germany, it contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party, which resulted in the demise of the Weimar Republic and the establishment of the fascist regime, Nazi Germany, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. With the rise of Hitler and the Nazis to power in 1933, liberal democracy was dissolved in Germany and the Nazis mobilized the country for war, with expansionist territorial aims against several countries. In the 1930s, the Nazis implemented racial laws that deliberately discriminated against, disenfranchised and persecuted Jews and other racial and minority groups.
Fascist movements grew in strength elsewhere in Europe. Hungarian fascist Gyula Gömbös rose to power as Prime Minister of Hungary in 1932 and attempted to entrench his Party of National Unity throughout the country. He created an eight-hour work day and a forty-eight-hour work week in industry; sought to entrench a corporatist economy; and pursued irredentist claims on Hungary's neighbors. The fascist Iron Guard movement in Romania soared in political support after 1933, gaining representation in the Romanian government, and an Iron Guard member assassinated Romanian prime minister Ion Duca. The Iron Guard was the only Fascist movement outside Germany and Italy to come to power without foreign assistance. During the 6 February 1934 crisis, France faced the greatest domestic political turmoil since the Dreyfus Affair when the fascist Francist Movement and multiple far-right movements rioted en masse in Paris against the French government resulting in major political violence. A variety of para-fascist governments that borrowed elements from fascism were formed during the Great Depression, including those of Greece, Lithuania, Poland and Yugoslavia.
In the Americas, the Brazilian Integralists led by Plínio Salgado claimed as many as 200,000 members, although following coup attempts it faced a crackdown from the Estado Novo of Getúlio Vargas in 1937. In Peru, the fascist Revolutionary Union was a fascist political party which was in power 1931 to 1933. In the 1930s, the National Socialist Movement of Chile gained seats in Chile's parliament and attempted a coup d'état that resulted in the Seguro Obrero massacre of 1938.
During the Great Depression, Mussolini promoted active state intervention in the economy. He denounced the contemporary "supercapitalism" that he claimed began in 1914 as a failure because of its alleged decadence, its support for unlimited consumerism, and its intention to create the "standardization of humankind." Fascist Italy created the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI), a giant state-owned firm and holding company that provided state funding to failing private enterprises. The IRI was made a permanent institution in Fascist Italy in 1937, pursued Fascist policies to create national autarky and had the power to take over private firms to maximize war production. While Hitler's regime only nationalized 500 companies in key industries by the early 1940s, Mussolini declared in 1934 that "[t]hree-fourths of Italian economy, industrial and agricultural, is in the hands of the state." Due to the worldwide depression, Mussolini's government was able to take over most of Italy's largest failing banks, who held controlling interest in many Italian businesses. The Institute for Industrial Reconstruction, a state-operated holding company in charge of bankrupt banks and companies, reported in early 1934 that they held assets of "48.5 percent of the share capital of Italy", which later included the capital of the banks themselves. Political historian Martin Blinkhorn estimated Italy's scope of state intervention and ownership "greatly surpassed that in Nazi Germany, giving Italy a public sector second only to that of Stalin's Russia." In the late 1930s, Italy enacted manufacturing cartels, tariff barriers, currency restrictions and massive regulation of the economy to attempt to balance payments. Italy's policy of autarky failed to achieve effective economic autonomy. Nazi Germany similarly pursued an economic agenda with the aims of autarky and rearmament and imposed protectionist policies, including forcing the German steel industry to use lower-quality German iron ore rather than superior-quality imported iron.
World War II (1939–1945)
In Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, both Mussolini and Hitler pursued territorial expansionist and interventionist foreign policy agendas from the 1930s through the 1940s culminating in World War II. Mussolini called for irredentist Italian claims to be reclaimed, establishing Italian domination of the Mediterranean Sea and securing Italian access to the Atlantic Ocean and the creation of Italian spazio vitale ("vital space") in the Mediterranean and Red Sea regions. Hitler called for irredentist German claims to be reclaimed along with the creation of German Lebensraum ("living space") in Eastern Europe, including territories held by the Soviet Union, that would be colonized by Germans.
From 1935 to 1939, Germany and Italy escalated their demands for territorial claims and greater influence in world affairs. Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935 resulting in its condemnation by the League of Nations and its widespread diplomatic isolation. In 1936, Germany remilitarized the industrial Rhineland, a region that had been ordered demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles. In 1938, Germany annexed Austria and Italy assisted Germany in resolving the diplomatic crisis between Germany versus Britain and France over claims on Czechoslovakia by arranging the Munich Agreement that gave Germany the Sudetenland and was perceived at the time to have averted a European war. These hopes faded when Czechoslovakia was dissolved by the proclamation of the German client state of Slovakia, followed by the next day of the occupation of the remaining Czech Lands and the proclamation of the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. At the same time from 1938 to 1939, Italy was demanding territorial and colonial concessions from France and Britain. In 1939, Germany prepared for war with Poland, but attempted to gain territorial concessions from Poland through diplomatic means. The Polish government did not trust Hitler's promises and refused to accept Germany's demands.
The invasion of Poland by Germany was deemed unacceptable by Britain, France and their allies, resulting in their mutual declaration of war against Germany that was deemed the aggressor in the war in Poland, resulting in the outbreak of World War II. In 1940, Mussolini led Italy into World War II on the side of the Axis. Mussolini was aware that Italy did not have the military capacity to carry out a long war with France or the United Kingdom and waited until France was on the verge of imminent collapse and surrender from the German invasion before declaring war on France and the United Kingdom on 10 June 1940 on the assumption that the war would be short-lived following France's collapse. Mussolini believed that following a brief entry of Italy into war with France, followed by the imminent French surrender, Italy could gain some territorial concessions from France and then concentrate its forces on a major offensive in Egypt where British and Commonwealth forces were outnumbered by Italian forces. Plans by Germany to invade the United Kingdom in 1940 failed after Germany lost the aerial warfare campaign in the Battle of Britain. In 1941, the Axis campaign spread to the Soviet Union after Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa. Axis forces at the height of their power controlled almost all of continental Europe. The war became prolonged—contrary to Mussolini's plans—resulting in Italy losing battles on multiple fronts and requiring German assistance.
During World War II, the Axis Powers in Europe led by Nazi Germany participated in the extermination of millions of Poles, Jews, Gypsies and others in the genocide known as the Holocaust.
After 1942, Axis forces began to falter. In 1943, after Italy faced multiple military failures, the complete reliance and subordination of Italy to Germany, the Allied invasion of Italy and the corresponding international humiliation, Mussolini was removed as head of government and arrested on the order of King Victor Emmanuel III, who proceeded to dismantle the Fascist state and declared Italy's switching of allegiance to the Allied side. Mussolini was rescued from arrest by German forces and led the German client state, the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945. Nazi Germany faced multiple losses and steady Soviet and Western Allied offensives from 1943 to 1945.
On 28 April 1945, Mussolini was captured and executed by Italian communist partisans. On 30 April 1945, Hitler committed suicide. Shortly afterwards, Germany surrendered and the Nazi regime was systematically dismantled by the occupying Allied powers. An International Military Tribunal was subsequently convened in Nuremberg. Beginning in November 1945 and lasting through 1949, numerous Nazi political, military and economic leaders were tried and convicted of war crimes, with many of the worst offenders being sentenced to death and executed.
Post-World War II (1945–2008)
The victory of the Allies over the Axis powers in World War II led to the collapse of many fascist regimes in Europe. The Nuremberg Trials convicted several Nazi leaders of crimes against humanity involving the Holocaust. However, there remained several movements and governments that were ideologically related to fascism.
Francisco Franco's Falangist one-party state in Spain was officially neutral during World War II and it survived the collapse of the Axis Powers. Franco's rise to power had been directly assisted by the militaries of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany during the Spanish Civil War and Franco had sent volunteers to fight on the side of Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. The first years were characterized by a repression against the anti-fascist ideologies, deep censorship and the suppression of democratic institutions (elected Parliament, Spanish Constitution of 1931, Regional Statutes of Autonomy). After World War II and a period of international isolation, Franco's regime normalized relations with the Western powers during the Cold War, until Franco's death in 1975 and the transformation of Spain into a liberal democracy.
Historian Robert Paxton observes that one of the main problems in defining fascism is that it was widely mimicked. Paxton says: "In fascism's heyday, in the 1930s, many regimes that were not functionally fascist borrowed elements of fascist decor in order to lend themselves an aura of force, vitality, and mass mobilization." He goes on to observe that Salazar "crushed Portuguese fascism after he had copied some of its techniques of popular mobilization." Paxton says: "Where Franco subjected Spain's fascist party to his personal control, Salazar abolished outright in July 1934 the nearest thing Portugal had to an authentic fascist movement, Rolão Preto's blue-shirted National Syndicalists. ... Salazar preferred to control his population through such 'organic' institutions traditionally powerful in Portugal as the Church. Salazar's regime was not only non-fascist, but 'voluntarily non-totalitarian,' preferring to let those of its citizens who kept out of politics 'live by habit.'"
Historians tend to view the Estado Novo as para-fascist in nature, possessing minimal fascist tendencies. Other historians, including Fernando Rosas and Manuel Villaverde Cabral, think that the Estado Novo should be considered fascist.[page needed] In Argentina, Peronism, associated with the regime of Juan Perón from 1946 to 1955 and 1973 to 1974, was influenced by fascism. Between 1939 and 1941, prior to his rise to power, Perón had developed a deep admiration of Italian Fascism and modelled his economic policies on Italian Fascist policies.
The term neo-fascism refers to fascist movements after World War II. In Italy, the Italian Social Movement led by Giorgio Almirante was a major neo-fascist movement that transformed itself into a self-described "post-fascist" movement called the National Alliance (AN), which has been an ally of Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia for a decade. In 2008, AN joined Forza Italia in Berlusconi's new party The People of Freedom, but in 2012 a group of politicians split from The People of Freedom, refounding the party with the name Brothers of Italy. In Germany, various neo-Nazi movements have been formed and banned in accordance with Germany's constitutional law which forbids Nazism. The National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) is widely considered a neo-Nazi party, although the party does not publicly identify itself as such.
Contemporary fascism (2008–present)
After the onset of the Great Recession and economic crisis in Greece, a movement known as the Golden Dawn, widely considered a neo-Nazi party, soared in support out of obscurity and won seats in Greece's parliament, espousing a staunch hostility towards minorities, illegal immigrants and refugees. In 2013, after the murder of an anti-fascist musician by a person with links to Golden Dawn, the Greek government ordered the arrest of Golden Dawn's leader Nikolaos Michaloliakos and other members on charges related to being associated with a criminal organization. On 7 October 2020, Athens Appeals Court announced verdicts for 68 defendants, including the party's political leadership. Nikolaos Michaloliakos and six other prominent members and former MPs were found guilty of running a criminal organization. Guilty verdicts on charges of murder, attempted murder, and violent attacks on immigrants and left-wing political opponents were delivered.
Before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a discussion among scholars is ongoing regarding if it is correct to characterize Russia's regime under Putin as fascist. According to Alexander J. Motyl, an American historian and political scientist, Russian fascism has the following characteristics:
- An undemocratic political system, different from both traditional authoritarianism and totalitarianism;
- Statism and hypernationalism;
- A hypermasculine cult of the supreme leader (emphasis on his courage, militancy and physical prowess);
- General popular support for the regime and its leader.
However, other political scholars studying fascism and authoritarian regimes disagree that, although Putin's Russia is similar to fascist regimes in many ways, it is not a fascist state. Prof. Stanley Payne says Putin's Russia "is not equivalent to the fascist regimes of World War II, but it forms the nearest analogue to fascism found in a major country since that time." Scholars point that fascism is "a revolutionary form of nationalism" seeking to destroy the old system and remake society, and Putin is a reactionary politician who is not trying to create a new order "but to recreate a modified version of the Soviet Union", Roger Griffin said. Genuine fascists in Russia, like deceased politician Vladimir Zhirinovsky and activist and self-styled philosopher Aleksandr Dugin, "describe in their writings a completely new Russia" controlling parts of the world that were never under tsarist or Soviet domination, German scientist Andreas Umland said.
Robert O. Paxton finds that even though fascism "maintained the existing regime of property and social hierarchy," it cannot be considered "simply a more muscular form of conservatism" because "fascism in power did carry out some changes profound enough to be called 'revolutionary.'" These transformations "often set fascists into conflict with conservatives rooted in families, churches, social rank, and property." Paxton argues that "fascism redrew the frontiers between private and public, sharply diminishing what had once been untouchably private. It changed the practice of citizenship from the enjoyment of constitutional rights and duties to participation in mass ceremonies of affirmation and conformity. It reconfigured relations between the individual and the collectivity, so that an individual had no rights outside community interest. It expanded the powers of the executive—party and state—in a bid for total control. Finally, it unleashed aggressive emotions hitherto known in Europe only during war or social revolution."
Nationalism with or without expansionism
|Part of a series on|
Ultranationalism, combined with the myth of national rebirth, is a key foundation of fascism. Robert Paxton argues that "a passionate nationalism" is the basis of fascism, combined with "a conspiratorial and Manichean view of history" which holds that "the chosen people have been weakened by political parties, social classes, unassimilable minorities, spoiled rentiers, and rationalist thinkers." Roger Griffin identifies the core of fascism as being palingenetic ultranationalism.
The fascist view of a nation is of a single organic entity that binds people together by their ancestry and is a natural unifying force of people. Fascism seeks to solve economic, political and social problems by achieving a millenarian national rebirth, exalting the nation or race above all else and promoting cults of unity, strength and purity.[page needed][page needed][page needed] European fascist movements typically espouse a racist conception of non-Europeans being inferior to Europeans. Beyond this, fascists in Europe have not held a unified set of racial views. Historically, most fascists promoted imperialism, although there have been several fascist movements that were uninterested in the pursuit of new imperial ambitions. For example, Nazism and Italian Fascism were expansionist and irredentist. Falangism in Spain envisioned the worldwide unification of Spanish-speaking peoples (Hispanidad). British Fascism was non-interventionist, though it did embrace the British Empire.
Fascism promotes the establishment of a totalitarian state. It opposes liberal democracy, rejects multi-party systems, and may support a one-party state so that it may synthesize with the nation. Mussolini's The Doctrine of Fascism (1932), partly ghostwritten by philosopher Giovanni Gentile, who Mussolini described as "the philosopher of Fascism", states: "The Fascist conception of the State is all-embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State—a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values—interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of a people." In The Legal Basis of the Total State, Nazi political theorist Carl Schmitt described the Nazi intention to form a "strong state which guarantees a totality of political unity transcending all diversity" in order to avoid a "disastrous pluralism tearing the German people apart."
Fascist states pursued policies of social indoctrination through propaganda in education and the media, and regulation of the production of educational and media materials. Education was designed to glorify the fascist movement and inform students of its historical and political importance to the nation. It attempted to purge ideas that were not consistent with the beliefs of the fascist movement and to teach students to be obedient to the state.
Fascism presented itself as an alternative to both international socialism and free-market capitalism. While fascism opposed mainstream socialism, fascists sometimes regarded their movement as a type of nationalist "socialism" to highlight their commitment to nationalism, describing it as national solidarity and unity. Fascists opposed international free market capitalism, but supported a type of productive capitalism.[page needed][page needed] Economic self-sufficiency, known as autarky, was a major goal of most fascist governments.
Fascist governments advocated for the resolution of domestic class conflict within a nation in order to guarantee national unity. This would be done through the state mediating relations between the classes (contrary to the views of classical liberal-inspired capitalists). While fascism was opposed to domestic class conflict, it was held that bourgeois-proletarian conflict existed primarily in national conflict between proletarian nations versus bourgeois nations. Fascism condemned what it viewed as widespread character traits that it associated as the typical bourgeois mentality that it opposed, such as: materialism, crassness, cowardice, and the inability to comprehend the heroic ideal of the fascist "warrior"; and associations with liberalism, individualism and parliamentarianism. In 1918, Mussolini defined what he viewed as the proletarian character, defining proletarian as being one and the same with producers, a productivist perspective that associated all people deemed productive, including entrepreneurs, technicians, workers and soldiers as being proletarian.[better source needed] He acknowledged the historical existence of both bourgeois and proletarian producers but declared the need for bourgeois producers to merge with proletarian producers.[better source needed]
Because productivism was key to creating a strong nationalist state, it criticized internationalist and Marxist socialism, advocating instead to represent a type of nationalist productivist socialism. Nevertheless, while condemning parasitical capitalism, was willing to accommodate productivist capitalism within it so long as it supported the nationalist objective. The role of productivism was derived from Henri de Saint Simon, whose ideas inspired the creation of utopian socialism and influenced other ideologies, that stressed solidarity rather than class war and whose conception of productive people in the economy included both productive workers and productive bosses to challenge the influence of the aristocracy and unproductive financial speculators. Saint Simon's vision combined the traditionalist right-wing criticisms of the French Revolution with a left-wing belief in the need for association or collaboration of productive people in society. Whereas Marxism condemned capitalism as a system of exploitative property relations, fascism saw the nature of the control of credit and money in the contemporary capitalist system as abusive. Unlike Marxism, fascism did not see class conflict between the Marxist-defined proletariat and the bourgeoisie as a given or as an engine of historical materialism. Instead, it viewed workers and productive capitalists in common as productive people who were in conflict with parasitic elements in society including: corrupt political parties, corrupt financial capital and feeble people. Fascist leaders such as Mussolini and Hitler spoke of the need to create a new managerial elite led by engineers and captains of industry—but free from the parasitic leadership of industries. Hitler stated that the Nazi Party supported bodenständigen Kapitalismus ("productive capitalism") that was based upon profit earned from one's own labour, but condemned unproductive capitalism or loan capitalism, which derived profit from speculation.
Fascist economics supported a state-controlled economy that accepted a mix of private and public ownership over the means of production. Economic planning was applied to both the public and private sector and the prosperity of private enterprise depended on its acceptance of synchronizing itself with the economic goals of the state. Fascist economic ideology supported the profit motive, but emphasized that industries must uphold the national interest as superior to private profit.
While fascism accepted the importance of material wealth and power, it condemned materialism which identified as being present in both communism and capitalism and criticized materialism for lacking acknowledgement of the role of the spirit. In particular, fascists criticized capitalism, not because of its competitive nature nor support of private property, which fascists supported—but due to its materialism, individualism, alleged bourgeois decadence and alleged indifference to the nation. Fascism denounced Marxism for its advocacy of materialist internationalist class identity, which fascists regarded as an attack upon the emotional and spiritual bonds of the nation and a threat to the achievement of genuine national solidarity.
In discussing the spread of fascism beyond Italy, historian Philip Morgan states: "Since the Depression was a crisis of laissez-faire capitalism and its political counterpart, parliamentary democracy, fascism could pose as the 'third-way' alternative between capitalism and Bolshevism, the model of a new European 'civilization.' As Mussolini typically put it in early 1934, 'from 1929 ... fascism has become a universal phenomenon ... The dominant forces of the 19th century, democracy, socialism, [and] liberalism have been exhausted ... the new political and economic forms of the twentieth-century are fascist' (Mussolini 1935: 32)."[page needed]
Fascists criticized egalitarianism as preserving the weak, and they instead promoted social Darwinist views and policies. They were in principle opposed to the idea of social welfare, arguing that it "encouraged the preservation of the degenerate and the feeble." The Nazi Party condemned the welfare system of the Weimar Republic, as well as private charity and philanthropy, for supporting people whom they regarded as racially inferior and weak, and who should have been weeded out in the process of natural selection. Nevertheless, faced with the mass unemployment and poverty of the Great Depression, the Nazis found it necessary to set up charitable institutions to help racially-pure Germans in order to maintain popular support, while arguing that this represented "racial self-help" and not indiscriminate charity or universal social welfare. Thus, Nazi programs such as the Winter Relief of the German People and the broader National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV) were organized as quasi-private institutions, officially relying on private donations from Germans to help others of their race—although in practice those who refused to donate could face severe consequences. Unlike the social welfare institutions of the Weimar Republic and the Christian charities, the NSV distributed assistance on explicitly racial grounds. It provided support only to those who were "racially sound, capable of and willing to work, politically reliable, and willing and able to reproduce." Non-Aryans were excluded, as well as the "work-shy", "asocials" and the "hereditarily ill". Under these conditions, by 1939, over 17 million Germans had obtained assistance from the NSV, and the agency "projected a powerful image of caring and support" for "those who were judged to have got into difficulties through no fault of their own." Yet the organization was "feared and disliked among society's poorest" because it resorted to intrusive questioning and monitoring to judge who was worthy of support.
Fascism emphasizes direct action, including supporting the legitimacy of political violence, as a core part of its politics. Fascism views violent action as a necessity in politics that fascism identifies as being an "endless struggle"; this emphasis on the use of political violence means that most fascist parties have also created their own private militias (e.g. the Nazi Party's Brown shirts and Fascist Italy's Blackshirts).
The basis of fascism's support of violent action in politics is connected to social Darwinism. Fascist movements have commonly held social Darwinist views of nations, races and societies. They say that nations and races must purge themselves of socially and biologically weak or degenerate people, while simultaneously promoting the creation of strong people, in order to survive in a world defined by perpetual national and racial conflict.
Age and gender roles
Fascism emphasizes youth both in a physical sense of age and in a spiritual sense as related to virility and commitment to action. The Italian Fascists' political anthem was called Giovinezza ("The Youth"). Fascism identifies the physical age period of youth as a critical time for the moral development of people who will affect society. Walter Laqueur argues that "[t]he corollaries of the cult of war and physical danger were the cult of brutality, strength, and sexuality ... [fascism is] a true counter-civilization: rejecting the sophisticated rationalist humanism of Old Europe, fascism sets up as its ideal the primitive instincts and primal emotions of the barbarian."
Italian Fascism pursued what it called "moral hygiene" of youth, particularly regarding sexuality. Fascist Italy promoted what it considered normal sexual behaviour in youth while denouncing what it considered deviant sexual behaviour. It condemned pornography, most forms of birth control and contraceptive devices (with the exception of the condom), homosexuality and prostitution as deviant sexual behaviour, although enforcement of laws opposed to such practices was erratic and authorities often turned a blind eye. Fascist Italy regarded the promotion of male sexual excitation before puberty as the cause of criminality amongst male youth, declared homosexuality a social disease and pursued an aggressive campaign to reduce prostitution of young women.
Mussolini perceived women's primary role as primarily child bearers, while that of men as warriors, once saying: "War is to man what maternity is to the woman." In an effort to increase birthrates, the Italian Fascist government gave financial incentives to women who raised large families and initiated policies intended to reduce the number of women employed. Italian Fascism called for women to be honoured as "reproducers of the nation" and the Italian Fascist government held ritual ceremonies to honour women's role within the Italian nation. In 1934, Mussolini declared that employment of women was a "major aspect of the thorny problem of unemployment" and that for women, working was "incompatible with childbearing"; Mussolini went on to say that the solution to unemployment for men was the "exodus of women from the work force."
The German Nazi government strongly encouraged women to stay at home to bear children and keep house. This policy was reinforced by bestowing the Cross of Honor of the German Mother on women bearing four or more children. The unemployment rate was cut substantially, mostly through arms production and sending women home so that men could take their jobs. Nazi propaganda sometimes promoted premarital and extramarital sexual relations, unwed motherhood and divorce, but at other times the Nazis opposed such behaviour.
The Nazis decriminalized abortion in cases where fetuses had hereditary defects or were of a race the government disapproved of, while the abortion of healthy pure German, Aryan fetuses remained strictly forbidden. For non-Aryans, abortion was often compulsory. Their eugenics program also stemmed from the "progressive biomedical model" of Weimar Germany. In 1935, Nazi Germany expanded the legality of abortion by amending its eugenics law, to promote abortion for women with hereditary disorders. The law allowed abortion if a woman gave her permission and the fetus was not yet viable and for purposes of so-called racial hygiene.
The Nazis said that homosexuality was degenerate, effeminate, perverted and undermined masculinity because it did not produce children. They considered homosexuality curable through therapy, citing modern scientism and the study of sexology, which said that homosexuality could be felt by "normal" people and not just an abnormal minority. Open homosexuals were interned in Nazi concentration camps.
Palingenesis and modernism
Fascism emphasizes both palingenesis (national rebirth or re-creation) and modernism. In particular, fascism's nationalism has been identified as having a palingenetic character. Fascism promotes the regeneration of the nation and purging it of decadence. Fascism accepts forms of modernism that it deems promotes national regeneration while rejecting forms of modernism that are regarded as antithetical to national regeneration. Fascism aestheticized modern technology and its association with speed, power and violence. Fascism admired advances in the economy in the early 20th century, particularly Fordism and scientific management. Fascist modernism has been recognized as inspired or developed by various figures—such as Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Ernst Jünger, Gottfried Benn, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Knut Hamsun, Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis.
In Italy, such modernist influence was exemplified by Marinetti who advocated a palingenetic modernist society that condemned liberal-bourgeois values of tradition and psychology, while promoting a technological-martial religion of national renewal that emphasized militant nationalism. In Germany, it was exemplified by Jünger who was influenced by his observation of the technological warfare during World War I and claimed that a new social class had been created that he described as the "warrior-worker"; Like Marinetti, Jünger emphasized the revolutionary capacities of technology. He emphasized an "organic construction" between human and machine as a liberating and regenerative force that challenged liberal democracy, conceptions of individual autonomy, bourgeois nihilism and decadence. He conceived of a society based on a totalitarian concept of "total mobilization" of such disciplined warrior-workers.
According to cultural critic Susan Sontag, "[f]ascist aesthetics ... flow from (and justify) a preoccupation with situations of control, submissive behavior, extravagant effort, and the endurance of pain; they endorse two seemingly opposite states, egomania and servitude. The relations of domination and enslavement take the form of a characteristic pageantry: the massing of groups of people; the turning of people into things; the multiplication or replication of things; and the grouping of people/things around an all-powerful, hypnotic leader-figure or force. The fascist dramaturgy centers on the orgiastic transactions between mighty forces and their puppets, uniformly garbed and shown in ever swelling numbers. Its choreography alternates between ceaseless motion and a congealed, static, 'virile' posing. Fascist art glorifies surrender, it exalts mindlessness, it glamorizes death." Sontag also enumerates some commonalities between fascist art and the official art of communist countries, such as the obeisance of the masses to the hero, and a preference for the monumental and the "grandiose and rigid" choreography of mass bodies. But whereas official communist art "aims to expound and reinforce a utopian morality", the art of fascist countries such as Nazi Germany "displays a utopian aesthetics – that of physical perfection", in a way that is "both prurient and idealizing".
According to Sontag, fascist aesthetics "is based on the containment of vital forces; movements are confined, held tight, held in." Its appeal is not necessarily limited to those who share the fascist political ideology because fascism "stands for an ideal or rather ideals that are persistent today under the other banners: the ideal of life as art, the cult of beauty, the fetishism of courage, the dissolution of alienation in ecstatic feelings of community; the repudiation of the intellect; the family of man (under the parenthood of leaders)."
Anti-democratic and tyrannical
Some critics of Italian fascism have said that much of the ideology was merely a by-product of unprincipled opportunism by Mussolini and that he changed his political stances merely to bolster his personal ambitions while he disguised them as being purposeful to the public. Richard Washburn Child, the American ambassador to Italy who worked with Mussolini and became his friend and admirer, defended Mussolini's opportunistic behaviour by writing: "Opportunist is a term of reproach used to brand men who fit themselves to conditions for the reasons of self-interest. Mussolini, as I have learned to know him, is an opportunist in the sense that he believed that mankind itself must be fitted to changing conditions rather than to fixed theories, no matter how many hopes and prayers have been expended on theories and programmes." Child quoted Mussolini as saying: "The sanctity of an ism is not in the ism; it has no sanctity beyond its power to do, to work, to succeed in practice. It may have succeeded yesterday and fail to-morrow. Failed yesterday and succeed to-morrow. The machine, first of all, must run!"
Some have criticized Mussolini's actions during the outbreak of World War I as opportunistic for seeming to suddenly abandon Marxist egalitarian internationalism for non-egalitarian nationalism and note, to that effect, that upon Mussolini endorsing Italy's intervention in the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary, he and the new fascist movement received financial support from Italian and foreign sources, such as Ansaldo (an armaments firm) and other companies as well as the British Security Service MI5. Some, including Mussolini's socialist opponents at the time, have noted that regardless of the financial support he accepted for his pro-interventionist stance, Mussolini was free to write whatever he wished in his newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia without prior sanctioning from his financial backers. Furthermore, the major source of financial support that Mussolini and the fascist movement received in World War I was from France and is widely believed to have been French socialists who supported the French government's war against Germany and who sent support to Italian socialists who wanted Italian intervention on France's side.
Mussolini's transformation away from Marxism into what eventually became fascism began prior to World War I, as Mussolini had grown increasingly pessimistic about Marxism and egalitarianism while becoming increasingly supportive of figures who opposed egalitarianism, such as Friedrich Nietzsche. By 1902, Mussolini was studying Georges Sorel, Nietzsche and Vilfredo Pareto. Sorel's emphasis on the need for overthrowing decadent liberal democracy and capitalism by the use of violence, direct action, general strikes and neo-Machiavellian appeals to emotion impressed Mussolini deeply. Mussolini's use of Nietzsche made him a highly unorthodox socialist, due to Nietzsche's promotion of elitism and anti-egalitarian views. Prior to World War I, Mussolini's writings over time indicated that he had abandoned the Marxism and egalitarianism that he had previously supported in favour of Nietzsche's übermensch concept and anti-egalitarianism. In 1908, Mussolini wrote a short essay called "Philosophy of Strength" based on his Nietzschean influence, in which Mussolini openly spoke fondly of the ramifications of an impending war in Europe in challenging both religion and nihilism: "[A] new kind of free spirit will come, strengthened by the war, ... a spirit equipped with a kind of sublime perversity, ... a new free spirit will triumph over God and over Nothing."
Fascism has been criticized for being ideologically dishonest. Major examples of ideological dishonesty have been identified in Italian fascism's changing relationship with German Nazism. Fascist Italy's official foreign policy positions were known to commonly utilize rhetorical ideological hyperbole to justify its actions, although during Dino Grandi's tenure as Italy's foreign minister the country engaged in realpolitik free of such fascist hyperbole. Italian fascism's stance towards German Nazism fluctuated from support from the late 1920s to 1934, when it celebrated Hitler's rise to power and Mussolini's first meeting with Hitler in 1934; to opposition from 1934 to 1936 after the assassination of Italy's allied leader in Austria, Engelbert Dollfuss, by Austrian Nazis; and again back to support after 1936, when Germany was the only significant power that did not denounce Italy's invasion and occupation of Ethiopia.
After antagonism exploded between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy over the assassination of Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss in 1934, Mussolini and Italian fascists denounced and ridiculed Nazism's racial theories, particularly by denouncing its Nordicism, while promoting Mediterraneanism. Mussolini himself responded to Nordicists' claims of Italy being divided into Nordic and Mediterranean racial areas due to Germanic invasions of Northern Italy by claiming that while Germanic tribes such as the Lombards took control of Italy after the fall of Ancient Rome, they arrived in small numbers (about 8,000) and quickly assimilated into Roman culture and spoke the Latin language within fifty years. Italian fascism was influenced by the tradition of Italian nationalists scornfully looking down upon Nordicists' claims and taking pride in comparing the age and sophistication of ancient Roman civilization as well as the classical revival in the Renaissance to that of Nordic societies that Italian nationalists described as "newcomers" to civilization in comparison. At the height of antagonism between the Nazis and Italian fascists over race, Mussolini claimed that the Germans themselves were not a pure race and noted with irony that the Nazi theory of German racial superiority was based on the theories of non-German foreigners, such as Frenchman Arthur de Gobineau. After the tension in German-Italian relations diminished during the late 1930s, Italian fascism sought to harmonize its ideology with German Nazism and combined Nordicist and Mediterranean racial theories, noting that Italians were members of the Aryan Race, composed of a mixed Nordic-Mediterranean subtype.
In 1938, Mussolini declared upon Italy's adoption of antisemitic laws that Italian fascism had always been antisemitic. In fact, Italian fascism did not endorse antisemitism until the late 1930s when Mussolini feared alienating antisemitic Nazi Germany, whose power and influence were growing in Europe. Prior to that period, there had been notable Jewish Italians who had been senior Italian fascist officials, including Margherita Sarfatti, who had also been Mussolini's mistress. Also contrary to Mussolini's claim in 1938, only a small number of Italian fascists were staunchly antisemitic (such as Roberto Farinacci and Giuseppe Preziosi), while others such as Italo Balbo, who came from Ferrara which had one of Italy's largest Jewish communities, were disgusted by the antisemitic laws and opposed them. Fascism scholar Mark Neocleous notes that while Italian fascism did not have a clear commitment to antisemitism, there were occasional antisemitic statements issued prior to 1938, such as Mussolini in 1919 declaring that the Jewish bankers in London and New York were connected by race to the Russian Bolsheviks and that eight percent of the Russian Bolsheviks were Jews.
- Turner (1975), p. 162: "... goals of radical and authoritarian nationalism."; Larsen, Hagtvet & Myklebust (1984), p. 424: "... organized form of integrative radical nationalist authoritarianism."; Paxton (2004), pp. 32, 45, 173: (32) "...antiliberal values, more aggressive nationalism and racism, and a new aesthetic of instinct and violence", (173) "...overtly violent racism and nationalism. [...] its defining elements—unlimited particular sovereignty, a relish for war, and a society based on violent exclusion"; Nolte (1965), p. 300: "National fascism, as we have shown, is distinguished from nationalism by, among other things, the fact it demands the destruction of a neighbouring state whose very existence appears to threaten its own position of power and the historic remains of its past dominant status in the area."
- Encyclopedia Britannica Fascism.
- "fascism". Merriam-Webster Online. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
- Davies & Lynch (2002), pp. 1–5
- International Encyclopedia of Political Science, p. 887–888, Fascism.
- International Encyclopedia of Political Science, p. 889, Fascism.
- Laqueur (1997), p. 223; Eatwell (1996), p. 39; Griffin (1991), pp. 185–201; Weber (1982), p. 8; Payne (1995); Fritzsche (1990); Laclau (1977)[citation not found]; Reich (1970)
- Bastow & Martin (2003), p. 36.
- "Fascism". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
- Griffin (1995), pp. 8, 307; Kallis (2003b), p. 71; Hartley (2004), p. 187; Reich (1970); Hawkesworth & Kogan (1992); Copsey (2008); Goodwin (2011); Woodley (2010); Blamires (2006); Richardson (2017); Eley (2013); Wistrich (1976)
- Blamires (2006), pp. 140–141, 670; Mann (2004), p. 65.
- Horne (2002), pp. 237–239.
- Grčić (2000), p. 120; Griffin & Feldman (2004c), p. 185; Spielvogel (2012), p. 935; Payne (1995), p. 106.
- Berend, I. T. (2016). An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization. Cambridge University Press. p. 93.
- Lynch, D.; Davies, P.J. (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. United Kingdom: Routledge. p. 275.
Detailed and intrusive state direction of the economy and/or society. Dirigisme was central to both fascism and Communist systems. However, in the case of fascism, there was no requirement for outright state ownership of the means of production, as long as the economy could be harnessed to serve what fascists deemed to be the "national interest."
- Blamires (2006), pp. 188–189.
- Kallis (2011); Paxton (1998); Lancaster (2011).
- Enciclopedia Italiana Neofascismo.
- Mussolini (2006), p. 227.
- Falasca-Zamponi (2000), p. 95.
- Johnston, Peter (12 April 2013). "The Rule of Law: Symbols of Power". The Keating Center. Oklahoma Wesleyan University. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- Watkins, Tom (2013). "Policing Rome: Maintaining Order in Fact and Fiction". Fictional Rome. Stockton, New Jersey: Stockton University. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- Websters; Payne (1995).
- Doordan (1995).
- Parkins (2002).
- Gregor (2009).
- Kershaw (2016), p. 228.
- Payne (1980), p. 7; Griffiths (2000).
- "Works citing Stanley Payne's Fascism: Comparison and Definition". Archived from the original on 2 August 2022 – via Google Scholar.
- Payne (1980), p. 7.
- Ramswell (2017), p. 9; Griffin & Feldman (2004a), p. 258; Kallis (2003b), pp. 84–85; Renton (1999), p. 21.
- Silva, Christianna. "Fascism Scholar Says U.S. Is 'Losing Its Democratic Status'". NPR.org. National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- Lukacs (1998), p. 118.
- Griffin (1991), p. 26.
- Griffin (1991), p. 201.
- Griffin (2003).
- Kershaw (2016), p. 228-9.
- Ross (2017), p. 5.
- Griffin (2008), Chapter 8: Fascism’s New Faces (and New Facelessness) in the 'Post-Fascist' Epoch.
- Roel Reyes (2019).
- Roel Reyes, Stefan (24 November 2021). "'Christian Patriots': The Intersection Between Proto-fascism and Clerical Fascism in the Antebellum South". International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity. -1 (aop): 1–29. doi:10.1163/22130624-00219121. ISSN 2213-0624. S2CID 244746966.
- Mudde & Kaltwasser (2017), pp. 6, 33–34: "... thin-centered ideologies have a restricted morphology, which necessarily appears attached to—and sometimes is even assimilated into—other ideologies. In fact, populism almost always appears attached to other ideological elements, which are crucial for the promotion of political projects that are appealing to a broader public. Consequently, by itself populism can offer neither complex nor comprehensive answers to the political questions that modern societies generate. ... [Populism] is not so much a coherent ideological tradition as a set of ideas that, in the real world, appears in combination with quite different, and sometimes contradictory, ideologies." (p.6)
- Paxton (2004), p. 216.
- Eatwell (1996), p. 24.
- Laqueur (1997), p. 96.
- Weiss-Wendt, Krieken & Cave (2008), p. 73.
- Eco, Umberto (22 June 1995). "Eternal Fascism" (PDF). The New York Review of Books. New York City: New York Times Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2005 – via justicescholars.org.
- Passmore (2002), p. 31.
- Weiss (1967).
- Adams (1993).
- Grant (2003), pp. 60–61.
- Encyclopedia Britannica Volksgemeinschaft.
- Davies & Lynch (2002), pp. 126–127; Zafirovski (2008), pp. 137–138.
- Stackelberg (1999), pp. 4–6.
- Gregor (2009), p. 191.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 161; Borsella & Caso (2007), p. 76.
- Woshinsky (2008), p. 156.
- Schnapp, Sears & Stampino (2000), p. 57; Mussolini (1935), p. 26.
- Mussolini quoted in Gentile (2005), p. 205
- Baranski & West (2001), pp. 50–51.
- Encyclopedia Britannica The fascist era.
- Payne (1995), p. 112.
- Ball & Bellamy (2003), p. 133.
- Neocleous (1997), p. 54.
- Gregor (2005), p. 4.
- Orwell (2019).
- Orwell (1946).
- Griffin & Feldman (2004a), p. 231.
- Quarantotto (1976).
- Matthews (1946).
- Hoover (1947).
- Amann (1986), p. 562.
- Griffiths (2000).
- Woolf (1981), p. 18.
- Sternhell (1976).
- Camus & Lebourg (2017), p. 20.
- Williams (2015), p. 28.
- Thomson (1966), p. 293.
- Shirer (1960), p. 97.
- Gerwarth (2005), p. 166.
- Dierkes (2010), p. 54.
- Sternhell (1998), p. 169; Payne (1995), pp. 23–24.
- Sternhell (1998), p. 170.
- Payne (1995), p. 24.
- Sternhell (1998), p. 171.
- Payne (1995), p. 29.
- Payne (1995), pp. 24–25.
- Payne (1995), p. 25.
- Outhwaite (2006), p. 442; Koon (1985), p. 6.
- Caforio (2006), p. 12.
- Carroll (1998), p. 92.
- Antliff (2007), pp. 75–81.
- Antliff (2007), p. 81.
- Antliff (2007), p. 77.
- Antliff (2007), p. 82.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 78.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 82.
- Holmes (2000), p. 60.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 163.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 32.
- Gentile (2003), p. 6.
- Hewitt (1993), p. 153.
- Gori (2004), p. 14.
- Gori (2004), pp. 20–21.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 175.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 214.
- O'Brien (2014), p. 52.
- O'Brien (2014), p. 41.
- Gregor (1979), pp. 195–196.
- Kitchen (2006), p. 205.
- Hüppauf (1997), p. 92.
- Held (1980).
- Rohkrämer (2007), p. 130.
- Blamires (2006), pp. 140–141, 670.
- Blamires (2006), pp. 95–96.
- Neville (2004), p. 36.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 178.
- Elazar (2001), p. 73.
- Passmore (2003), p. 116.
- Borsella & Caso (2007), p. 69.
- Borsella & Caso (2007), pp. 69–70.
- Paxton (2005).
- Borsella & Caso (2007), p. 70.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 186.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 187.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 189.
- Borsella & Caso (2007), p. 73.
- Borsella & Caso (2007), p. 75.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 193.
- De Grand (2000), p. 145.
- Sternhell, Sznajder & Ashéri (1994), p. 190.
- Borsella & Caso (2007), p. 72.
- Borsella & Caso (2007), p. 76.
- Acemoğlu et al. (2020).
- Paxton (2005), p. 87.
- Paxton (2005), p. 88.
- Paxton (2005), p. 90.
- Payne (1995), p. 122.
- Payne (1995), p. 110.
- Payne (1995), p. 113.
- Payne (1995), p. 114.
- Payne (1995), p. 115.
- Payne (1995), pp. 119–120.
- Mack Smith (1983), p. 162.
- Mack Smith (1983), pp. 222–223.
- Mussolini (1977), p. 131.
- von Lang (1979), p. 221.
- Evans (2005), p. 239.
- Berben (1975), pp. 276–277.
- Blamires (2006), p. 150.
- Kallis (2000), p. 132.
- Ahmida (1994), pp. 134–135.
- Cardoza (2006), p. 109; Bloxham & Moses (2010), p. 358.
- Kershaw (2000), p. 182.
- Jablonsky (1989), pp. 20–26, 30.
- Morgan (2003).
- Payne (1995), p. 270.
- Payne (1995), p. 282–288.
- Gallagher, Tom (2005). Theft of a Nation: Romania Since Communism. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 35. ISBN 9781850657163.
- Deletant, D. (12 April 2006). Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and his Regime, Romania 1940–1944. Springer. p. 66. ISBN 9780230502093.
- Woolf (1983), p. 311.
- Payne (1995), p. 145.
- Griffin (1991), pp. 150–152.
- Payne (1995), pp. 341–342.
- Berghaus (2000), pp. 136–137.
- Blamires (2006), p. 189.
- Overy (1994), p. 16.
- Toniolo (2013), p. 59; Mussolini’s speech to the Chamber of Deputies was on 26 May 1934.
- Toniolo (2013), p. 59.
- Blamires (2006), p. 72.
- Blamires (2006), p. 190.
- Kallis (2000), p. 51.
- Kallis (2000), p. 53.
- Rodogno (2006), p. 47.
- Davidson (2004), pp. 371–372.
- Knox (1999), pp. 122–123.
- Knox (1999), pp. 122–127.
- Paxton (1998), pp. 3, 17.
- Paxton (2004), p. 150.
- Davies & Lynch (2002), p. 237.
- Passmore (2002), p. 76.
- Rosas (2019).
- Blamires (2006), p. 512.
- "Greece's Golden Dawn leader Michaloliakos held in crackdown". BBC. 28 September 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
- Michael, Savvas (30 September 2013). "The Arrest of the Nazi Gangsters of Golden Dawn in Greece". EEK. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- Samaras, Georgios. "The end of Golden Dawn: has Greece shown us how to deal with neo-Nazis?". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- "Greece Golden Dawn: Neo-Nazi leaders guilty of running crime gang". BBC News. 7 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Мотиль [Motyl], Олександр [Alexander] (8 March 2022). Війни творять нації, а народні війни творять непереможні нації. Олександр Мотиль — Локальна історія. localhistory.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- "Nasty, Repressive, Aggressive – Yes. But Is Russia Fascist? Experts Say 'No.'". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- Paxton (2004), p. 11.
- Blamires (2006b), pp. 451–453, "Nationalism".
- Paxton (2004), p. 41.
- Zimmer (2003), pp. 80–107, ch. 4.
- Paxton (2004).
- Passmore (2002).
- Griffin (1991).
- Laqueur (1997), p. 223.
- Payne (1995), p. 11.
- Griffin (2013), pp. 1–6.
- Mussolini (2002), p. 40.
- Lyttelton (1973), p. 13: "The first half of the article was the work of Giovanni Gentile; only the second half was Mussolini's own work, though the whole article appeared under his name."
- Mussolini (1935), p. 14.
- Schmitt (1995), p. 72.
- Pauley (2003), p. 117; Payne (1995), p. 220.
- Pauley (2003), pp. 117–119.
- "Benito Mussolini, Doctrine of Fascism (1932)". Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- Blamires (2006), p. 610.
- Spektorowski & Ireni-Saban (2013).
- De Grand (1995), pp. 60–61.
- Griffin (1991), pp. 222–223.
- Hoover (1935), pp. 13–20.
- Neocleous (1997), pp. 21–22.
- Blamires (2006), p. 102.
- Piraino & Fiorito (2009), pp. 39–41.
- Spektorowski & Ireni-Saban (2013), p. 33.
- Blamires (2006), p. 535.
- Friedman (2011), p. 24.
- Millward (2007), p. 178.
- Davies & Lynch (2002), p. 103.
- Paxton (2005), p. 10.
- Breuilly (1994), p. 290.
- Griffin & Feldman (2004), p. 353: "When the Russian revolution occurred in 1917 and the 'Democratic' revolution spread after the First World War, anti-bolshevism and anti-egalitarianism rose as very strong "restoration movements" on the European scene. However, by the turn of that century no one could predict that fascism would become such a concrete, political reaction ... ."
- Hawkins (1997), p. 285: "Conflict is in fact the basic law of life in all social organisms, as it is of all biological ones; societies are formed, gain strength, and move forwards through conflict; the healthiest and most vital of them assert themselves against the weakest and less well adapted through conflict; the natural evolution of nations and races takes place through conflict." Alfredo Rocco, Italian Fascist.
- Evans (2005), pp. 483–484.
- Evans (2005), p. 484.
- Evans (2005), pp. 484–485.
- Evans (2005), pp. 486–487.
- Evans (2005), p. 489.
- Evans (2005), pp. 489–490.
- Payne (1995), p. 106; Breuilly (1994), p. 294.
- Woodley (2010), p. 106.
- Payne (1995), pp. 485–486.
- Griffin (1995), p. 59.
- Antliff (2007), p. 171.
- Quine (1996), p. 47.
- Laqueur (1978), p. 341.
- Quine (1996), pp. 46–47.
- Bollas (1993), p. 205.
- McDonald (1999), p. 27.
- Mann (2004), p. 101.
- Durham (1998), p. 15.
- Evans (2005), pp. 331–332.
- Friedlander (1995), p. 30.
- McLaren (1999), p. 139.
- Proctor (1989), p. 366: "This emendation allowed abortion only if the woman granted permission, and only if the fetus was not old enough to survive outside the womb. It is unclear if either of these qualifications was enforced."
- Arnot & Usborne (1999), p. 241.
- Proctor (1989), pp. 122–123: "Abortion, in other words, could be allowed if it was in the interest of racial hygiene. ... the Nazis did allow (and in some cases even required) abortions for women deemed racially inferior. ... On 10 November 1938, a Luneberg court declared abortion legal for Jews."
- Tierney (1999), p. 589: "In 1939, it was announced that Jewish women could seek abortions, but non-Jewish women could not."
- Evans (2005), p. 529.
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. "Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich". Ushmm.org. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
- Blamires (2006), p. 168.
- Blamires (2006), p. 451–453.
- Blamires (2006), pp. 168–169.
- Neocleous (1997), p. 63.
- Neocleous (1997), p. 65.
- Welge (2007), p. 547.
- Welge (2007), p. 550.
- Welge (2007), p. 553.
- Sontag (1975).
- Boesche (2010), p. 11.
- Clarke & Foweraker (2001), p. 540; Pollard (1998), p. 121; Griffin (1991), p. 42.
- Schreiber, Stegemann & Vogel (1995), p. 111.
- Mussolini (1998), p. ix. (Note: Mussolini wrote the second volume about his fall from power as head of government of the Kingdom of Italy in 1943, though he was restored to power in northern Italy by the German military.)
- Mussolini (1998), p. ix.
- Mack Smith (1997), p. 284.
- Kington, Tom (13 October 2009). "Recruited by MI5: the name's Mussolini. Benito Mussolini – Documents reveal Italian dictator got start in politics in 1917 with help of £100 weekly wage from MI5". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
- O'Brien (2014), p. 37.
- Gregor (1979), p. 200.
- Golomb & Wistrich (2002), p. 249.
- Delzel (1970), p. 96.
- Delzel (1970), p. 3.
- Gillette (2001), p. 17; Pollard (1998), p. 129.
- Burgwyn (1997), p. 58.
- Pollard (1998), p. 129.
- Gillette (2001), p. 93.
- Gillette (2001), p. 17.
- Gillette (2001), p. 45.
- Neocleous (1997), pp. 35–36.
- Galezzo, Ciano (2001). The Ciano Diaries, 1939–1943. Simon Publications. ISBN 978-1-931313-74-2.
- Gentile, Giovanni (1932). The Doctrine of Fascism.
- Goebbels, Joseph (2019). Dalton, Thomas (ed.). Goebbels on the Jews: The Complete Diary Entries – 1923 to 1945.
- Taylor, Fred, ed. (1983). The Goebbels Diaries 1939–1941.
- Hitler, Adolf (1925). Mein Kampf.
- Hoover, Calvin B. (March 1935). "The Paths of Economic Change: Contrasting Tendencies in the Modern World". The American Economic Review. 25 (1): 13–20.. Supplement, Papers and Proceedings of the Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association.
- Hoover, J. Edgar (1947). "Testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee". Archived from the original on 23 July 2010.
- Matthews, Claudio (1946). "Fascism Is Not Dead ...". Nation's Business.[full citation needed]
- Mosely, Oswald (1968). My Life. Nelson Publications.
- Mussolini, Benito (2006) . My Autobiography with The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism. Mineloa, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-44777-3.
- Mussolini, Benito (2002) . Gregor, Anthony James (ed.). Origins and Doctrine of Fascism. New Brunswick (USA); London (UK): Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0130-2.
- Mussolini, Benito (1935). Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions. Rome, Italy: Ardita Publishers.
- Mussolini, Benito (1998). My Rise And Fall. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80864-7.
- de Oliveira Salazar, António (1939). Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928–1939. Faber and Faber.
- Orwell, George (29 December 2019) [26 March 1944]. "What is Fascism?". Tribune., republished in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell. 1968.
- Orwell, George (April 1946). "Politics and the English Language". Horizon.; link via The Orwell Foundation
- de Rivera, José Antonio Primo (1971). Textos de Doctrina Política [Political Doctrine Texts] (in Spanish). Madrid.
- Acemoğlu, Daron; De Feo, Giuseppe; De Luca, Giacomo; Russo, Gianluca (28 October 2020). "Revisiting the rise of Italian fascism". Center for Economic and Policy Research. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- Adams, Ian (1993). Political Ideology Today. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6020-5.
- Ahmida, Ali Abdullatif (1994). The Making of Modern Libya: State Formation, Colonization, and Resistance, 1830–1922. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
- Amann, Peter H. (1986). "A 'Dog in the Nighttime' Problem: American Fascism in the 1930s". The History Teacher. 19 (4): 559–584. doi:10.2307/493879. ISSN 0018-2745. JSTOR 493879.
- Antliff, Mark (2007). Avant-Garde Fascism: The Mobilization of Myth, Art, and Culture in France, 1909–1939. Duke University Press.
- Arnot, Margaret; Usborne, Cornelie (1999). Gender and Crime in Modern Europe. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85728-745-5. OCLC 249726924.
- Baker, David (June 2006). "The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?". New Political Economy. 11 (2): 227–250. doi:10.1080/13563460600655581. S2CID 155046186.
- Ball, Terence; Bellamy, Richard (14 August 2003). The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56354-3.
- Baranski, Zygmunt G.; West, Rebecca J. (2001). The Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55982-9. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
- Bastow, Steve; Martin, James (2003). Third Way Discourse: European Ideologies in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
- Ben-Ami, Shlomo (1983). Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923–1930. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-822596-6.
- Berben, Paul (1975). Dachau, 1933–1945: The Official History. Norfolk Press.
- Berghaus, Günter (2000). Fascism and Theatre: Comparative Studies on the Aesthetics and Politics of Performance. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
- Blamires, Cyprian (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc.
- Blamires, Cyprian (2006b). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc.
- Blinkhorn, Martin (2 September 2003). Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-Century Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-99712-1.
- Blinkhorn, Martin (27 September 2006). Mussolini and Fascist Italy (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-50572-2.
- Bloxham, Donald; Moses, A. Dirk (2010). Bloxham, Donald; Moses, A. Dirk (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.001.0001. ISBN 9780199232116.
- Bollas, Christopher (1993). Being a Character: Psychoanalysis and Self-Experience. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08815-2.
- Boesche, Roger (1 November 2010). Theories of Tyranny: From Plato to Arendt. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-04405-7.
- Borsella, Cristogianni; Caso, Adolph (2007). Fascist Italy: A Concise Historical Narrative. Wellesley, Massachusetts: Branden Books. ISBN 978-0828321556.
- Breuilly, John (1994). Nationalism and the State. University of Chicago Press.
- Burgwyn, H. James (1997). Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918–1940. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0275948771.
- Caforio, Giuseppe (2006). Handbook of the sociology of the military. New York: Springer.
- Camus, Jean-Yves; Lebourg, Nicolas (20 March 2017). Far-Right Politics in Europe. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-97153-0. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- Cardoza, Anthony L. (2006). Benito Mussolini: the First Fascist. Pearson Longman.
- Carroll, David (21 July 1998). French Literary Fascism: Nationalism, Anti-Semitism, and the Ideology of Culture. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05846-7.
- Clarke, Paul Barry; Foweraker, Joe (2001). Encyclopedia of Democratic Thought. Routledge.
- Copsey, Nigel (2008). Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy (second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-230-57437-3.
- Costa Pinto, Antonio, ed. (2011). Rethinking the Nature of Fascism: Comparative Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Costa Pinto, António (1995). Salazar's Dictatorship and European Fascism: Problems of Interpretation. Social Science Monographs. ISBN 978-0-88033-968-1.
- Davidson, Eugene (2004). The Unmaking of Adolf Hitler. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press.
- Davies, Peter; Lynch, Derek, eds. (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. ISBN 978-1-134-60952-9.
- De Felice, Renzo (1977). Interpretations of Fascism. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-45962-5.
- De Felice, Renzo (1976). Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice. Transaction Books. ISBN 978-0-87855-619-9.
- De Grand, Alexander J. (1995). Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.
- De Grand, Alexander (2000). Italian Fascism: its Origins and Development (3rd ed.). University of Nebraska Press.
- Delzel, Charles F., ed. (1970). Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945. Harper Rowe.
- Dierkes, Julian (2010). Postwar Historical Education in Japan and the Germanies. Routledge.
- Doordan, Dennis P. (1995). In the Shadow of the Fasces: Political Design in Fascist Italy. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-299-14874-4.
- Durham, Martin (1998). Women and Fascism. Routledge.
- Eatwell, Roger (1996). Fascism: A History. New York: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-9147-5.
- Elazar, Dahlia S. (2001). The Making of Fascism: Class, State, and Counter-Revolution, Italy 1919–1922. Westport, Connecticut, US: Praeger Publishers.
- Eley, Geoff (2013). Nazism as Fascism: Violence, Ideology, and the Ground of Consent in Germany 1930–1945. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-69430-5.
- Evans, Richard J (2005). The Third Reich in Power: 1933–1939. The Penguin Press HC.
- Falasca-Zamponi, Simonetta (2000). Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy. Oakland, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22677-7.
- Friedlander, Henry (1995). The origins of Nazi genocide: from euthanasia to the final solution. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4675-9. OCLC 60191622.
- Friedman, Jonathan C. (2011). The Routledge History of the Holocaust. Routledge.
- Fritzsche, Peter (1990). Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505780-5.
- Gentile, Emilio (2003). The Struggle for Modernity: Nationalism, Futurism, and Fascism. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers.
- Gentile, Emilio (2005). The Origins of Fascist Ideology, 1918–1925: The First Complete Study of the Origins of Italian Fascism. New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-929631-18-6.
- Gerwarth, Robert (2005). The Bismarck Myth. Oxford University Press.
- Gillette, Aaron (2001). Racial Theories in Fascist Italy. London; New York: Routledge.
- Golomb, Jacob; Wistrich, Robert S (2002). Nietzsche, Godfather of Fascism?: On the Uses and Abuses of a Philosophy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- Goodwin, Matthew J. (2011). New British Fascism: Rise of the British National Party. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-46500-7.
- Gori, Gigliola (2004). Italian Fascism and the Female Body: Submissive Women and Strong Mothers. Oxfordshire; New York: Routledge.
- Grant, Moyra (2003). Key Ideas in Politics. Nelson Thornes. ISBN 978-0-7487-7096-0.
- Grčić, Joseph (2000). Ethics and Political Theory. Lanham, Maryland: University of America, Inc.
- Gregor, Anthony James (1979). Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California; London: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03799-1.
- Gregor, Anthony James (2005). Mussolini's Intellectuals: Fascist Social and Political Thought. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12009-6.
- Gregor, Anthony James (2009). Phoenix: Fascism in Our Time. New Brunswick: Transaction Press.
- Griffin, Roger (15 September 1991). The Nature of Fascism. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-07132-5.
- Griffin, Roger (1995). Fascism. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Griffin, Roger (2000). "Revolution from the Right: Fascism"". In Parker, David (ed.). Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560–1991. London: Routledge.
- Griffin, Roger (2003). "The palingenetic core of generic fascist ideology". In Campi, Alessandro (ed.). Che cos'è il fascismo? Interpretazioni e prospettive di ricerche [What is fascism? Interpretations and research perspectives] (PDF) (in Italian). Rome: Ideazione editrice. pp. 97–122. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2004.
- Griffin, Roger; Feldman, Matthew, eds. (2004). Fascism: Critical Concepts in Political Science. Taylor & Francis.
- Griffin, Roger (2008). Feldman, Matthew (ed.). A Fascist Century. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-20518-5. OCLC 226357121.
- Griffin, Roger (13 September 2013). Fascism, Totalitarianism and Political Religion. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-87168-9.
- Griffiths, Richard (2000). An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism. Duckworth. ISBN 978-0-7156-2918-5.
- Hartley, John (2004). Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-521-55982-9.
- Hawkesworth, Mary; Kogan, Maurice (1992). Encyclopaedia of Government and Politics: Volume 1. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-71288-7.
- Hawkins, Mike (1997). Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: Nature as Model and Nature as Threat. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Held, David (1980). Introduction to Critical Theory: Horkheimer to Habermas. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04175-2.
- Hewitt, Andrew (1993). Fascist Modernism: Aesthetics, Politics, and the Avant-Garde. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
- Holmes, Douglas R. (2000). Integral Europe: Fast-Capitalism, Multiculturalism, Neofascism. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- Horne, John (8 August 2002). State, Society and Mobilization in Europe During the First World War. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52266-3.
- Hüppauf, Bernd-Rüdiger (1997). War, Violence, and the Modern Condition. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.
- Jablonsky, David (1989). The Nazi Party in dissolution: Hitler and the Verbotzeit, 1923–1925. London; Totowa, NJ: Frank Cass and Company Ltd.
- Kallis, Aristotle A. (2000). Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-21612-8.
- Kallis, Aristotle A. (April 2003a). "To Expand or Not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an 'Ideal Fatherland'". Journal of Contemporary History. 38 (2): 237–260. doi:10.1177/0022009403038002132. S2CID 159641856.
- Kallis, Aristotle, ed. (2003b). The Fascism Reader. London: Routledge.
- Kallis, Aristotle (2011). Genocide and Fascism: The Eliminationist Drive in Fascist Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-89027-4.
- Kershaw, Ian (2000). Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris. New York; London: W.W. Norton & Company.
- Kershaw, Ian (2016). To Hell and Back: Europe 1914–1949. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-310992-1.
- Kertzer, David I. (2014). The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-871616-7.
- Kitchen, Martin (2006). A History of Modern Germany, 1800–2000. Malden, Massaschussetts; Oxford, England; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
- Kitsikis, Dimitri (2006). Jean-Jacques Rousseau et les origines françaises du fascisme [Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the French origins of fascism] (in French). Ars Magna Editions. ISBN 978-2-912164-46-9.
- Kitsikis, Dimitri (2005). Pour une étude scientifique du fascisme [For a scientific study of fascism] (in French). Ars Magna Editions. ISBN 978-2-912164-11-7.
- Knox, MacGregor (1999). Mussolini unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Last War. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
- Koon, Tracy H. (1985). Believe, obey, fight: political socialization of youth in fascist Italy, 1922–1943. University of North Carolina Press.
- Lancaster, Guy (26 September 2011). "Genocide and Fascism: The Eliminationist Drive in Fascist Europe". Journal of Genocide Research. 13 (3): 366–369. doi:10.1080/14623528.2011.595586. S2CID 72839243.
- Laqueur, Walter (1978). Fascism: A Reader's Guide: Analyses, Interpretations, Bibliography. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03642-0.
- Laqueur, Walter (1997). Fascism: Past, Present, Future. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802527-6.
- Larsen, Stein Ugelvik; Hagtvet, Bernt; Myklebust, Jan Petter, eds. (1984). Who Were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-82-00-05331-6.
- Lewis, Paul H (2002). Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97880-8.
- Lukacs, John (1998). The Hitler of History. New York City: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-375-70113-9.
- Lyttelton, Adrian (1973). Italian Fascisms: from Pareto to Gentile. London: Cape.
- Mack Smith, Denis (1983). Mussolini. New York: Vintage Books.
- Mack Smith, Denis (1997). Modern Italy: A Political History. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
- McLaren, Angus (1999). Twentieth-Century Sexuality. Blackwell Publishing.
- Mann, Michael (2004). Fascists. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83131-4.
- McDonald, Harmish (1999). Mussolini and Italian Fascism. Nelson Thornes.
- Millington, Chris (2019). A History of Fascism in France: From the First World War to the National Front. Bloomsbury. online review.
- Millward, Robert (2007). Private and Public Enterprise in Europe: Energy, Telecommunications and Transport, 1830–1990. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83524-4.
- Morgan, Philip (2003). Fascism in Europe, 1919–1945. London, England: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-74028-4.
- Mudde, Cas; Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira (2017). Populism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-023487-4.
- Mussolini, Rachele (1977). Mussolini: An Intimate Biography. New York: Pocket Books. Originally published by William Morrow in 1974.
- Neocleous, Mark (1997). Fascism. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota University Press.
- Neville, Peter (2004). Mussolini. Oxon, England; New York: Routledge.
- Nolte, Ernst (1965). The Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism. Translated by Vennewitz, Leila. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
- O'Brien, Paul (4 March 2014). Mussolini in the First World War: The Journalist, the Soldier, the Fascist. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84520-558-4.
- Overy, R. J. (1994). War and Economy in the Third Reich. Clarendon Press (Oxford University Press). doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202905.001.0001. ISBN 9780198202905.
- Outhwaite, William (2006). Outhwaite, William (ed.). The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought. Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9780470999028. ISBN 9780470999028.
- Parkins, Wendy (2002). Fashioning the Body Politic: Dress, Gender, Citizenship. Berg Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85973-587-9.
- Passmore, Kevin (2002). Fascism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-5366-6507-9.
- Passmore, Kevin (2003). Women, Gender, and Fascism in Europe, 1919-45. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6617-7.
- Pauley, Bruce F. (2003). Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century Italy. Wheeling: Harlan Davidson, Inc.
- Paxton, Robert O. (1998). "The five stages of fascism". Journal of Modern History. 70 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1086/235001. JSTOR 10.1086/235001. S2CID 143862302.
- Paxton, Robert O. (2004). The Anatomy of Fascism (First ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4094-0.
- Payne, Stanley G. (1980). Fascism: Comparison and Definition. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-08060-0.
- Payne, Stanley G. (1995). A History of Fascism, 1914–45. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-14874-4. online; also another copy.
- Payne, Stanley G. (2003). Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism. Textbook Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7581-3445-5. online.
- Payne, Stanley G. (1987). The Franco Regime, 1936–1975. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-11070-3.
- Piraino, Marco; Fiorito, Stefano (2009). Fascist Identity. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4092-7059-1.
- Pollard, John (1998). The Fascist Experience in Italy. Routledge.
- Proctor, Robert E. (1989). Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-74578-0. OCLC 20760638.
- Quarantotto, Claudio (1976). Tutti fascisti! [All fascists!] (in Italian). Edizioni del Borghese.
- Quine, Maria Sophia (1996). Population Politics in Twentieth-century Europe: Fascist Dictatorships and Liberal Democracies. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08069-9.
- Ramswell, Prebble Q. (2017). Euroscepticism and the Rising Threat from the Left and Right: The Concept of Millennial Fascism. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-4985-4604-1. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
- Reich, Wilhelm (1970). The Mass Psychology of Fascism. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-285-64701-5.
- Renton, David (1999). Fascism: Theory and Practice. London: Pluto Press.
- Richardson, John E. (2017). British Fascism: A Discourse-Historical Analysis. Stuttgart: Ibidem Press. ISBN 978-3-8382-6491-2.
- Rodogno, Davide (2006). Fascism's European empire. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
- Roel Reyes, Stefan (17 December 2019). "Antebellum Palingenetic Ultranationalism: The Case for including the United States in Comparative Fascist Studies". Fascism. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. 8 (2): 307–330. doi:10.1163/22116257-00802005. ISSN 2211-6257.
- Rohkrämer, Thomas (2007). A Single Communal Faith?: the German Right from Conservatism to National Socialism. Monographs in German History. Vol. 20. Berghahn Books.
- Rosas, Fernando (2019). Salazar e os Fascismos: Ensaio Breve de História Comparada [Salazar and the Fascisms: Brief Essay on Comparative History] (in Portuguese). Edições Tinta-da-China. ISBN 9789896714840.
- Ross, Alexander Reid (2017). Against the Fascist Creep. Chico, California: AK Press. ISBN 978-1-84935-244-4. Archived from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
- Sauer, Wolfgang (December 1967). "National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?". The American Historical Review. 73 (2): 404–424. doi:10.2307/1866167. JSTOR 1866167.
- Schmitt, Carl (1995). "The Legal Basis of the Total State". In Griffin, Roger (ed.). Fascism. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Schnapp, Jeffrey Thompson; Sears, Olivia E.; Stampino, Maria G. (2000). A Primer of Italian Fascism. University of Nebraska Press.
- Schreiber, Gerhard; Stegemann, Bernd; Vogel, Detlef (1995). Germany and the Second World War: Volume III: The Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa 1939–1941 (From Italy's Declaration of Non-Belligerence to the Entry of the United States into the War). Oxford University Press.
- Seldes, George (1935). Sawdust Caesar: The Untold History of Mussolini and Fascism. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.
- Seldes, George (2009) . Facts and Fascism. New York: In Fact. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-930852-43-6.
- Shirer, William (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Mandarin.
- Sohn-Rethel, Alfred (1978). Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism. London: CSE Bks. ISBN 978-0-906336-00-7.
- Sontag, Susan (6 February 1975). "Fascinating Fascism". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020.
- Spektorowski, Alberto; Ireni-Saban, Liza (2013). Politics of Eugenics: Productionism, Population, and National Welfare. Routledge.
- Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2012). Western Civilization. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
- Stackelberg, Roderick (1999). Hitler's Germany. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-00541-5.
- Sternhell, Zeev (1976). "Anatomie d'un mouvement fasciste en France: le faisceau de Georges Valois" [Anatomy of a fascist movement in France: the beam of Georges Valois]. Revue française de science politique (in French). 26 (1): 5–40. doi:10.3406/rfsp.1976.393652.
- Sternhell, Zeev; Sznajder, Mario; Ashéri, Maia (1994) . The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution. Translated by Maisei, David. Princeton University Press.
- Sternhell, Zeev (1998). "Crisis of Fin-de-siècle Thought". In Griffin, Roger (ed.). International Fascism: Theories, Causes and the New Consensus. London and New York. ISBN 978-0340706138.
- Thomson, David (1966). Europe Since Napoleon. Pelican. ISBN 9780140135619.
- Tierney, Helen (1999). Women's studies encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31072-0. OCLC 38504469.
- Toniolo, Gianni, ed. (2013). The Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy Since Unification. Oxford: UK: Oxford University Press.
- Turner, Henry Ashby (1975). Reappraisals of Fascism. New Viewpoints. ISBN 978-0531053720.
- Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J (1988). Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936–1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4869-9.
- von Lang, Jochen (1979). The Secretary: Martin Bormann, The Man Who Manipulated Hitler. New York: Random House.
- Weber, Eugen (1982) . Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. ISBN 978-0-89874-444-6. Contains chapters on fascist movements in different countries.
- Webster's II New College Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Reference Books. 2005. ISBN 978-0-618-39601-6.
- Weiss, John (1967). The Fascist Tradition: Radical Right-Wing Extremism in Modern Europe. New York City: Harper & Row. ASIN B0014D2EN8.
- Weiss-Wendt, Anton; Krieken, Robert; Cave, Alfred A. (2008). The Historiography of Genocide. New York City: Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-29778-4. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
- Welge, Jobst (2007). "Fascist Modernism". In Eysteinsson, Astradur; Liska, Vivian (eds.). Modernism, Volumes 1–2. John Benjamins Publishing.
- Williams, Roger Lawrence (2015). The Mortal Napoleon The Third. Princeton University Press.
- Wistrich, Robert (October 1976). "Leon Trotsky's Theory of Fascism". Journal of Contemporary History. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publishing. 11 (4): 157–184. doi:10.1177/002200947601100409. JSTOR 260195. S2CID 140420352.
- Woodley, Daniel (2010). Fascism and Political Theory: Critical Perspectives on Fascist Ideology. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-47354-5.
- Woolf, Stuart (1981). Fascism in Europe. Methuen. ISBN 978-0-416-30240-0. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- Woolf, Stuart Joseph (1983). Fascism in Europe (3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis.
- Woshinsky, Oliver (2008). Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior. Oxford, England; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415960786.
- Zafirovski, Milan (2008). Modern Free Society and Its Nemesis: Liberty Versus Conservatism in the New Millennium. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1516-9.
- Zimmer, Oliver (2003). Nationalism in Europe, 1890–1940. Studies in European History. London: Palgrave. doi:10.1007/978-1-4039-4388-0. ISBN 978-1-4039-4388-0.
- "Fascism". Encyclopedia Britannica. 8 January 2008.
- "Italy: The Fascist Era". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- "Volksgemeinschaft". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2019. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019.
- "Neofascismo" [Neofascism]. Treccani (in Italian). Enciclopedia Italiana. 31 October 2014. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- Badie, Bertrand; Berg-Schlosser, Dirk; Morlino, Leonardo (2011). "Fascism". In Badie, Bertrand; Berg-Schlosser, Dirk; Morlino, Leonardo (eds.). International Encyclopedia of Political Science. SAGE Publications. doi:10.4135/9781412994163. ISBN 9781412959636.
- Albright, Madeleine (2018). Fascism: A Warning. New York: Harper Collins.
- Alcalde, Ángel (2020). "The Transnational Consensus: Fascism and Nazism in Current Research". Contemporary European History. 29 (2): 1–10. doi:10.1017/S0960777320000089. S2CID 213889043.
- Esposito, Fernando (August 2017). "Fascism – Concepts and Theories, version 1". Docupedia Zeitgeschichte. 31.
- Hayes, Paul M. (1973). Fascism. London: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 9780043200896.
- Illing, Sean (19 September 2018). "How Fascism Works: A Yale philosopher on fascism, truth, and Donald Trump". Vox.
- McGaughey, Ewan (2018). "Fascism-lite in America (or the social ideal of Donald Trump)". British Journal of American Legal Studies. 72 (2): 291–315. doi:10.2478/bjals-2018-0012. S2CID 195842347. SSRN 2773217.
- Riley, Dylan (2010). The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe: Italy, Spain and Romania 1870–1945. Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Wiskemann, Elizabeth (December 1967). "The Origins of Fascism". History Today. Vol. 17, no. 12. pp. 812–818.
- The Doctrine of Fascism by Benito Mussolini (1932) (in English)
- Authorized translation of Mussolini's "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism" (1933) (PDF). media.wix.com.
- Readings on Fascism and National Socialism by Various – Project Gutenberg
- "Eternal Fascism: Fourteen Ways of Looking at a Blackshirt" – Umberto Eco's list of 14 characteristics of Fascism, originally published 1995. | <urn:uuid:526d1eb4-1d89-4340-ab88-e2a6a29d5540> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.893263 | 31,695 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Intersection: Constitutional Amendments
A dozen constitutional amendments, ranging from the restoration of felons’ voting rights to a ban on greyhound racing, are on the ballot this November.
Voting yes on some of these amendments would trigger change in more than one area of Florida’s constitution.
So what are the driving forces behind issues like ensuring constitutional officers remain elected positions, efforts to limit the state’s ability to usher in new taxes, and the rules around gambling in Florida?
Joining the conversation are Republican political analyst Chris Carmody, and Democratic political analyst Dick Batchelor.
Get The 90.7 WMFE Newsletter
Your trusted news source for the latest Central Florida news, updates on special programs and more.GET THE LATEST | <urn:uuid:c691fac1-30ec-4ecc-afe2-f1ab0d089b49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wmfe.org/intersection-constitutional-amendments/91375 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.911531 | 155 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Last week we looked at four different supplements that either don’t work to lower cholesterol levels or may work but could potentially have side effects. This week, we’ll look at some safe, “tried-and-true” ways that you can naturally lower your cholesterol.
Plant stanols/sterols: Plant stanols and sterols are natural substances found in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol. They work to prevent the body from absorbing cholesterol. Studies show that stanols and sterols can effectively lower LDL (or “bad”) cholesterol levels by up to 14%. The challenge is consuming enough of them. Both sterols and stanols are found in small amounts in many fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. Food companies have jumped on the bandwagon and have added these ingredients to margarine-like spreads (Benecol, Take Control) as well as products such as orange juice and energy bars. Plant stanols and sterols are also available in supplement form. Aim for 3.4 grams of stanols or 1.7 grams of sterols each day as part of a heart-healthy diet. Rating: Highly recommended.
Soluble fiber: Soluble fiber is the kind of dietary fiber that forms a gummy gel in the digestive tract. While both soluble and insoluble fiber can help keep you “regular,” soluble fiber has the additional ability to lower blood cholesterol levels by binding to cholesterol in the digestive tract. The goal is to consume between 5 and 10 grams of soluble fiber each day. Oat products, peas, beans, barley, apples, citrus fruits, and psyllium (found in some fiber laxatives and certain cereals) are all good sources of soluble fiber. Rating: Go for it!
Olive oil: While not breaking news, it’s still worth mentioning: Unsaturated fat, including monounsaturated fat, can lower cholesterol as part of a heart-healthy eating plan. Monounsaturated fat has the advantage of lowering LDL cholesterol without lowering HDL (or “good”) cholesterol (and it may even raise HDL levels). Furthermore, “monos” can help prevent LDL cholesterol from being oxidized, making it less likely to cause atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries). While there are many sources of monounsaturated fat, olive oil is a prime example. It tastes good, you can cook with it easily, and it contains phytonutrients called polyphenols that may lower the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, some types of cancer, and arthritis. Of course, this doesn’t mean that you should start pouring olive oil over everything. It’s still a fat and contains 120 calories and 14 grams of fat per tablespoon. Rating: It’s a winner!
Physical activity: Surprised? You were probably expecting another food or supplement, but we can’t say enough about the benefits of activity. Being active on a regular basis can help lower your LDL and raise your HDL cholesterol. However, a once-a-week stroll around the park isn’t enough. The goal, ideally, is to aim to be active every day for at least 30 minutes. Don’t have 30 minutes to spare? You probably have 10 minutes—during your coffee break, at lunchtime, in between loads of laundry. Do three 10-minute walking sessions each day, for example, and you’ll reap the benefits. Rating: Just do it!
There are many other foods that are part of a heart-healthy eating plan that I don’t have room to discuss. Fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains all contain helpful ingredients, which is why dietitians keep advising you to fit these foods into your eating plan every day.
It’s important to note that there’s no single, magic bullet to lower your cholesterol. Even if you take cholesterol-lowering medicine, you’ll still need to follow an eating plan that’s low in saturated and trans fat and be physically active on a regular basis. | <urn:uuid:600518eb-68c9-43ed-8b40-74b998806604> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dsm.diabetesselfmanagement.com/blog/lowering-cholesterol-what-works-and-what-doesnt-part-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947364 | 869 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Wisdom teeth are known for being the causes of many health problems, some of which affect not only the tooth itself, but the surrounding teeth or, in very severe cases, the entire row of teeth or the entire mouth as well. One of these problems is impaction, that is, the inability of the wisdom tooth to erupt through the gum. Here is why the problem is so common and how it can be solved.
Why Wisdom Tooth Cause So Many Issues
When fully developed, human dentition includes four wisdom teeth, one in each quadrant, at each end of the rows of teeth. Also called third molars, wisdom teeth were important for our ancestors who used them to grind the plant tissue that made up most of their diet, but ever since humans settled down and especially after the Industrial Revolution, our way of life and diet has changed so much that these vestigial molars no longer play any role in chewing and grinding our food. The human mouth has also changed a lot to accommodate such lifestyle changes, one of the changes being the increase in size of other teeth and the consequent diminishment of the space available for wisdom teeth. The process has led to the appearance of severe problems that affect the growth process of these third molars, impaction being one of them.
How Does Wisdom Tooth Impaction Manifest
Wisdom teeth become impacted because of the difference in size between the tooth that is about to erupt and the size available for it to occupy. The issue causes the wisdom tooth either to grow incorrectly, in the wrong direction, pushing other teeth, too or to be unable to erupt at all and to grow under the gum surface, causing even more serious problems.
In many cases, impacted wisdom teeth do not cause any symptoms for a long time, but being improperly erupted, they are very difficult to clean and that makes them more prone to infections and complications than other teeth that are easier to reach. The signs and symptoms can vary largely, the most common indicators of wisdom tooth impaction being jaw pain, swelling around the jaw, red, swollen, tender or bleeding gums, difficulty or pain opening the mouth, bad breath and an unpleasant taste in the mouth.
How Is an Impacted Wisdom Tooth Treated
In some cases, impacted wisdom teeth can be treated by general dentists. In these cases, the wisdom tooth extraction Skokie specialist will clean the affected area and will apply fillings to correct the cavities. However, most impacted wisdom teeth need to be extracted, the complexity of the procedure requiring the attention of an oral surgeon. The intervention performed to remove impacted wisdom teeth is essentially the same as the extraction of any other teeth – the patient receives local anesthesia or undergoes deeper sedation, then the doctor removes the tooth, cleans and dresses the wound or applies stitches –, but if the tooth is very severely affected, very large or problematic from other aspects, the complete anesthesia of the patient might be required. | <urn:uuid:1751d5c7-50aa-4f85-b305-db69601819b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://orthosourceinc.com/what-is-an-impacted-wisdom-tooth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954923 | 595 | 2.984375 | 3 |
North Tenerife Bus Tour to La Laguna, Anaga & Taganana from Tenerife South is the one of two must do coach tours in Tenerife. With this bus tour you are going explore green North and lush wild Anaga, Read more ➤
Los Cristianos, Spain
Suggested visit duration:
Admission fee is Charged
Overall raiting based on Rewiews:
Zoos & Aquariums
Monkey Park Tenerife is a small unique zoo that is located nearby Los Cristianos on the south-western coast of Tenerife island. It has a relatively long history because of being founded in 1991 as a private zoo. As you have probably guessed from its name, the park mainly focuses on preserving a great variety of monkeys and apes, which is actually its most distinctive feature due to the absence of the similar venture throughout the whole Canary archipelago.
Aside from nurturing different species of primates, Monkey Park Tenerife is engaged with breeding specific species of birds and reptiles, along with guinea pigs and boa constrictors. Perhaps the most exciting and responsible task of the zoo is to preserve not only the types of animals which are of least concern but also the endangered ones, as well as developing respect for these magnificent animals.
In Monkey Park Tenerife, the visitors get to see such rare species of primates as the lar gibbon, the mandrills, the black mangabey, the golden-headed lion tamarin, the titi monkey, the Goeldi's marmoset and more! Not only that, you can admire the various types of parrots, for example, the cockatoo, the sun parakeet, the military and blue-and-yellow macaw or even the bird species of violet turaco. Playful ring-tailed lemurs, perilous Cuban crocodile, African spurred and red-footed tortoise and Green iguana are also here to be observed and marveled at. Another one of many awesome features of Monkey Park is a chance of direct communication with the majority of the zoo's inhabitants in their natural environment: you can go through the cages, touch, and stroke the lemurs and squirrel monkeys, feed them from the palm of your hand (although some of them like to climb your head to receive the food) and experience the joy of treating the parrots flapping their wings around you! To be totally secure and to eliminate the chance of harming the animals, you can buy special food for them at the entrance. Also, some visitors advise visiting the zoo in the morning, while the animals are at the peak of their activity and will socialize with you more enthusiastically.
Monkey Park Tenerife is, without any doubt, perfect for attending with your family, especially if you have children who adore chimpanzees, guinea pigs, lizards, and lemurs the most. You can get lost in this relatively small zoo for 2 hours or even for half a day and then relax on the bench outside the park or take a memorable photo as a souvenir at the entrance of the park.
The park is open from 9:30 AM to 4 PM and the admission fee includes €10 per adult and €5 per child up to 12 years old. To conclude, Monkey Park Tenerife is a must-see for any tourist who happens to be in Los Cristianos and provides you with the invaluable experience of witnessing wildlife with your own eyes.
Teide, Masca & West Coast - Coach Sightseeing Tour from Tenerife North is the one of must do coach tours in Tenerife. With this bus tour you are going to visit more than a half of attractions of Read more ➤
Tenerife Island Tour - Teide, Masca, Garachico & El Drago is bus sightseeing Tour from Tenerife South and is one of the best coach tours in Tenerife. With this full-day excursion you are going to Read more ➤
Shared Charter with Big Smile Luxury is absolutely outstanding and really the best boat trip along the southern coast of Tenerife to Los Gigantes & Masca Bay with Whale & Dolphin Watching, Read more ➤
Spectacular Go West - VIP Private Tour in Tenerife to Masca, Garachico and Icod along a curvy, but one of the most beautiful roads for sightseeing in the world. True mix of amazing landscapes, Read more ➤
Anaga Mountains & Jungle VIP Private Tour in Tenerife to the North of island is for those who admire the beauty of the nature. We will visit endemic jungle and beautiful beaches, Anaga, wildest part Read more ➤
Diving Tour for Beginners - try dive in Tenerife! Do you like to discover new things and places, did you thought what’s the hidden world under the ocean and you’re going to Tenerife? Diving Tour for Beg Read more ➤
The Private Shore Excursion - Day Tour in Tenerife is especially dedicated to visitors traveling by cruise ships and making a day stop in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. A mix of amazing landscapes, history, Read more ➤
Snorkeling Tenerife Tour with a chance to meet sea turtles or dolphins and get to know these amazing animals in their natural habitat. Snorkelling in the waters of the South of Tenerife is the best Read more ➤
Volcano & Mount Teide private tour in Tenerife is the VIP class tour or shore excursion to the central part of Tenerife with the best rated guide in Tenerife. The trip starts and ends at your hotel Read more ➤
Palm Mar Wall | <urn:uuid:92fc4853-774f-4283-8a5f-3bb1c0ac7f1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tripspoint.com/attraction/monkey-park-tenerife/85 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.931482 | 1,237 | 1.742188 | 2 |
The Incentive Mechanisms Are Broken!
Part 1: Social Media - Why we are being deranged and how to solve it.
Despite all the benefits of technology that have emerged over the past decade, it has opened the proverbial pandora’s box in terms of its social impact. One such impact is that social media is clearly deranging our perspective on the world. This consequence is due in part to the negative feedback loop created by social media, which in effect, feeds the user with the information that humans react to the quickest, namely negative information. It is, however, noteworthy to mention that this is mainly due to the fact the social media machine learning algorithms are only giving the user what they want to see, or to be more precise, what the user’s brain will react to the most/quickest. In social media circles, this is known as engagement. Still, is this what any sane person would want from a social platform?
Interestingly, this negative content is actually a symptom and not the cause of our woes. The truer bane of social media is the phenomena colloquially referred to as the echo chamber. In fact, this is not one echo chamber that we all share, but we each have our own echo chamber. A good way to picture this problem is that we all are in our own personal tech bubble. This bubble generates posts/tweets that you would ‘like’ to see/hear, rather than what you ‘need’ to see/hear. The result is a diet of information that already fits your worldview, whilst also making you believe you have all the facts. This has the predictable effect of; blinding you to alternate views/values, making you think your views are normal/moral, reinforcing the beliefs you prefer rather than those that are objectively true, and even instantiating a mindset that shrinks from uncomfortable truths.
On another note, it really doesn’t help that via social media one can be constantly connected online, but have no real human connection i.e. no body language, no eye contact, no tone of voice, no laughter, no ability to empathically sense the other person’s emotional state, etc. Likewise, all this is not to mention that the rosy image that people project causes a false perception in others that their lives aren’t messy. This issue has created a social media-induced delusory state that causes depression, especially amongst young people. This situation has also fostered an environment that has allowed nonsensical ideas to flourish, including; rules on how people should interact socially that don’t correspond to reality. The result being is a cohort of socially ill-equipped people and therefore more angst in society as a whole. Thus, it is fairly safe to say that from an anthropological point of view, we are not living in a time with the evolutionary optimum conditions for the human animal.
The sociological implications of this digital environment are that the worst effects are hitting the least technologically savvy people the most. Unluckily, they are being subtlely nudged to behave in certain ways and believe in certain things that are actually counter to their interests or wellbeing. To understand the problem at a deeper level it is useful to consider who are the customers of social media platforms? Nope, it’s not us as the users. And no, it’s not the social media influencers/content creators. In actuality, the customers for social media platforms, the ones that pay the bills for the cloud servers, the ones that provide social media companies with all their profits are in fact marketing arms of commercial companies wanting to buy your data or sell you stuff. And given that these are the customers with all the money (aka the buyers), thus having all the influence over the owners of the social media companies. Therefore, they collectively have the leverage to dictate that any social media platform grabs your attention, using psychological methods most commonly deployed in a casino, in order to keep you focused on their products. The customer is king after all!
Nevertheless, to be fair, this is not a problem with the technology itself, as computers don’t have strong feelings either way :) they simply don’t care how they are being used. Similarly, just as tech is a tool, the workers that use the tools to make the social media platforms aren’t completely to blame, in reality, the blame falls squarely on the business model used. The negativity of social media platforms is largely due to an unfortunate byproduct of ad-revenue business models that require clicks and the pursuant demand for a constant stream of people focusing on the platform.
So, the question is, what can be done to solve this problem? How about the most common go-to solution of regulation, even just to restrict social media for kids at least. Unfortunately, this would probably be ineffective given that kids nowadays are digital natives and can whizz around any attempts to block their access. Plus, other platforms will simply pop up in other less regulated jurisdictions that satisfy the demand from the market. Then could the solution be? Well, the cleanest way to truly make a difference would be to overhaul the incentive mechanisms with a new business model; one that gives people a free service, whilst making money to pay for the company expenses. Not easy to do!
Not to worry, at Zaiku Research Foundation we’ll give it a go :) | <urn:uuid:2c875945-6b55-4bf6-ad2d-442d4ea8b9d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://telemetry.substack.com/p/the-incentive-mechanisms-are-broken?showWelcome=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954714 | 1,111 | 2.625 | 3 |
Marshall County Clerks maintain public records for a county or local government in Kansas. In some states, Clerks play a role in carrying out public elections, working in connection with Boards of Elections and the Kansas State election commissions. Clerks can process Marshall County voter registration applications and verify whether an individual is eligible to vote, and they maintain up-to-date lists of registered voters. Marshall County Clerks may also provide online information about how to register to vote or where to vote. Citizens may also be able to register to vote at a Clerk's Office.
Axtell City Clerk Axtell KS 306 Maple Street 66403 785-736-2834
Blue Rapids City Clerk Blue Rapids KS 4 Public Sq 66411 785-363-7736
Frankfort City Clerk Frankfort KS 109 North Kansas Avenue 66427 785-292-4240
Marshall County Clerk Marysville KS 1201 Broadway Street 66508 785-562-5301
Mcpherson County Clerk Marysville KS PO Box 391 66508 620-241-3656
Marshall County Boards of Elections are responsible for carrying out public elections, and one of their duties is to process Marshall County voter registration applications submitted by citizens in Kansas. A Board of Elections certifies eligible voters in their particular jurisdiction and maintains an up-to-date list of registered voters in Marshall County. They also verify voter information and may contact registered voters to keep Marshall County voter list information current. Boards of Elections are usually operated at the county or local level, and may be known as a Board of Registrars.
Marshall County Board of Elections Marysville KS PO Box 391 66508 785-562-5361
Marshall County The primary responsibility of the DMV, or Department of Motor Vehicles, is to grant Kansas driver's licenses and identification cards to KS residents, but the DMV also plays an important role in Marshall County voter registration. Citizens who want to register to vote in Marshall County can do so at the DMV, which will transfer the information, such as full name and address, to the local Marshall County Board of Elections or Marshall County Clerk's Office. This can be an easy way to register to vote while applying for a license or renewing a license. The DMV may also be known as a Marshall County DOL, or Marshall County Department of Licensing.
Marshall County Treasurer's Office Marysville KS 1201 Broadway Street 66508 785-562-5363 | <urn:uuid:138b590d-05c4-4188-a22b-069260a438df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.voter-registration.net/ks-marshall-county/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.892932 | 511 | 1.875 | 2 |
Man Was Not Born to Cry: Chapter 1, The Spiritual New Year
- ~ 1 ~ THE SPIRITUAL NEW YEAR If the beginning of a new year remains only a calendar-wise beginning, it has no significance whatsoever and produces no assurance as to the kind of a year it can be for you or for me individually, or for anyone else in the world. Always at this time there are the traditional Happy New Years, but regardless of how many good wishes are given or received, they are without power to bring about happiness, peace, harmony, or prosperity in the new, or in any other, year. Newspapers on New Year's Day are usually filled with predictions for the coming year; figures and statistics are examined in an attempt to forecast what will happen; but inasmuch as each person has an entirely different way of evaluating available statistics, each arrives at a different conclusion. It would be interesting to read the predictions in the January 1 editions of last year's newspapers to see how very few of them have come to pass, for neither predictions nor wishes have power to bring about anything in our experience. Far from presenting a hopeless picture, however, this really is the foundation for a very encouraging one because once it is realized that predictions and wishes have no influence upon the year, people can then begin to see what can be done within themselves that will have an effect upon the course of the New Year. The Power of an Individual Everyone has not only tremendous influence upon his own life and upon the lives of those who are near and dear to him but, far more than this, he has the possibility of influencing the whole world. In fact, the course of history has often been altered by one person. The 1960 election is an excellent example of the power of the individual. Just a few votes in this community or in that changed the results in a state and, comparatively speaking, less than half of one percent determined the result of the entire election. So when we are tempted to think how little power we have in shaping the history of our nation or ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...r 1, The Spiritual New Year.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:35:56- 130K
Find Similar Documents
Seek Ye First: Chapter 1, The Inner Kingdom
- In fact, it must be expected that it be difficult because we are embarking on an almost impossible task, that is, unless our determination is such that we are willing to put up with the difficulties inevitably to be encountered in the beginning. Forgiveness and Salvation Now In the years devoted to this work, I have noted some things that are helpful to students and that make these first months ... The woman taken in adultery and forgiven by the Master had to accept her forgiveness now and stop living in the past. The thief on the cross had to accept his salvation now and forget those things that were behind. So must we, regardless of the nature or the degree of our materialistic living, sickly, sinful, or poverty-stricken living. There comes a time when we bid it goodbye and start over with the word now, and let now mark the beginning of our new birth. Dropping the Burdens of the Past Now, here where I am, God is. Now God is; now God is closer than breathing; now the Father is saying, "Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine."3 In this moment of silent receptivity, the Father says, "Drop your burdens, let Me carry the load. Let Me give you forgiveness, let Me be the ... But we take no thought for the love flowing back to us; we let it flow as one of the added things. We live in a continuous state of now expressing love. The love that we express today must become a continuing experience, a love that we express through forgiveness, understanding, sharing. Every opportunity to express love that is presented to us we must accept, and not ask, "Where is it going to ... All is within me: the bread, the meat, the wine of life. It takes a few months, even years, to break this attachment to the outer world, to break the belief that we are dependent on man for justice, for loans, for forgiveness, or for our support, but we can do it if we can remember the word now: Now I and the Father are one. Now do I draw upon the kingdom of God within me. Now do I seek living ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...hapter 1, The Inner Kingdom.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:36:09- 123K
Find Similar Documents
Showing Forth the Presence of God: Chapter 7, Freedom Through Grace
- ... It is through prayer that we must make our contact with God, and it is through the right understanding of prayer that the activity, the grace, the love, and the life of God are made manifest in our experience. This brings us to that particular phase or understanding of prayer which is called grace. We ourselves cannot bring forth the activity of grace, since grace is the gift and the activity of God. Self-Effacement Grace is something that expresses in us or through us. Grace is something that comes to us without our deserving It, without our being worthy of It. Grace is what happened to the thief on the cross, who certainly from no human standpoint was deserving of being taken into heaven that day. Yet the Master promised to do just that, showing that divine grace had not only wiped out the sins of the thief, but also all the punishment due for these sins. What was it that enabled that thief in just a short while to prepare himself for the experience of heaven, for the action of grace and forgiveness in his life? Humility. In his final moment of distress, he must have realized, "Why, I am nothing. I should have let this divine power flow through me, and none of the evil deeds would have been necessary." The thief on the cross must have recognized what a failure he had been. There is nothing more productive of progress in the spiritual universe than to acknowledge Jesus' statement, "I can of mine own self do nothing." 2 "If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true." 3 Such an admission of his own inability to do might seem like failure, but he recognized there was that within him that could do all things: "The Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth the works." 4 We make way for that divine power to come forth in proportion to our acknowledgment that we can do nothing, know nothing, heal nothing, supply nothing, be nothing, even be failures, but that we live, not of ourselves but the Christ lives our life. "I and my Father are one," 5 but the Father is greater ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...er 7, Freedom Through Grace.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:36:12- 124K
Find Similar Documents
The Art of Spiritual Living: Chapter 12, Christ Ascended
- ... But that son of God is incarnated in me, in you, and in every "you" throughout this globe: the pagan, the atheist, the agnostic, the Christian, the Buddhist, the Vedantist. It makes no difference what his beliefs are. God is spirit, indivisible, inseparable from Himself, and therefore omnipresent in you, in every you. Forgiveness of Sin, a Function of the Christ By observing the ministry of Jesus Christ, who so completely showed forth his divine sonship, and which he said was within us, we can understand the function of the Christ, one of which is the forgiving of sin. For each of us, this is important. In our human experience we have sinned greatly, and because most of our sins were committed ignorantly, we need not rehearse or rehash them. Let us acknowledge, however, that as human beings we have strayed far from our Father's house, our Father's standard of conduct, and our Father's teaching. With this acknowledgment we are showing sufficient humility to take the next step and say, "Thank You, Father, that Your son, the Christ, the spirit of God in me, is here to forgive my sins. I carry within me my mediator, my meditation. I carry within my own consciousness the incarnated son of God whose function it is, when I ask for forgiveness, to give it." Lip service will not suffice. This must be a once and for all confession: "Father, forgive me, I have not known what I have done. But now I know that Your son is incarnate within me, and one of Its functions is to forgive me my sins." Then the injunction is to go and sin no more and to watch each day that, to the highest extent possible, we do not violate the laws that we have come to know. Even so there will be more violations, but forgiveness "seventy times seven" 5 is still awaiting us. Our responsibility is to try our best to live up to whatever spiritual law we may now learn, and if we know that the Christ is not something in time or space, we have made a real beginning. Healing as an Activity of the Christ ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...Chapter 12, Christ Ascended.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:36:37- 122K
Find Similar Documents
The Early Years: Chapter 5, True Identity
- ~ 5 ~ TRUE IDENTITY Our most important need is the constant reminder of our true identity. Only as we live in the consciousness that "I and my Father are one" 1 can we receive the continuous unfoldment of good. We must always be alert to the truth that there is not God and man, because there is but one life and one mind. This life and mind, which is God, is your life and mind, so it cannot be two. All discord and disease has its origin in the belief that we have a mind and life separate and apart from God. There is but one. We must remember that there is no law or power acting upon us, but that we are the law unto our body, business, home, supply. We have dominion over all that is in the sky, on the earth and under the water. We are the law unto it, whatever its name or nature. We exist as consciousness, embodying within ourselves every idea in the universe, and every idea is subject to and controlled by the consciousness in which it exists-not by "taking thought," but through the unlabored energy of mind, life, forever expressing itself. It follows that the allness of God, good, eliminates the possibility of evil in person, place, thing or circumstance, and any appearance of evil is but illusion. When the drunkard is awakened to the realization that his snakes exist only as illusion, he is healed, but as long as he thinks of them as something actual, he will want to get rid of them. Rid of what? Nothing-appearing as snakes. When we realize that all disease exists as illusion only, we are healed (and one heals others), because we no longer try to get rid of a condition which does not exist. Mrs. Eddy once asked: if a patient came to you telling you they had feathers growing all over the body, would you give a treatment to remove the feathers, or would you waken your patient to see that they never had any feathers? This is our cue in healing. Be not concerned for what condition the patient claims to have. Awaken them to their true identity, and they will then see ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...s_ Chapter 5, True Identity.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:36:41- 95K
Find Similar Documents
The Heart of Mysticism: September 1955, The Deep Pool of Your Being
- ... Had the Master not been able to step aside sufficiently to know that "I can of mine own self do nothing," and had the word "I" entered His demonstration in any way, the miracles could not have taken place. This brings us back to our first point: God is individual consciousness (the consciousness of you and me) and therefore the storehouse of infinity is within you. You cannot draw it forth-you can get out of the way, make the contact, and let it flow forth! In order to understand this properly it is necessary that you first overcome time and space. You must remember that none of this has anything to do with yesterday. None of yesterday's virtues will help you achieve this realization today, and none of yesterday's sins will prevent proving it today. Your yesterday's, whether for good or evil, have nothing to do with today's spiritual unfoldment. You must rise in consciousness above any sense of limitation, and each time you turn to the within in an earnest sense of self-forgiveness and Self- realization the yesterdays are blotted out. "Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow," and because the nature of the Christ is forgiveness, until seventy times seven, even were you to sin again you will be "as white as snow" the moment you return. As long as you earnestly and sincerely follow this path for the purpose of "forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before," and ". . . press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus," even though mistakes cling and must be risen above again and again, nevertheless there will come that day of complete attainment when there will be no going back to the yesterdays. You do not live on yesterday's manna. It is necessary that you make this contact almost hourly throughout each day until that glorious moment when It takes over and says, "I am with you," and eventually on to the end of the road where It says, "I am you." Until that day ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...The Deep Pool of Your Being.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:37:12- 143K
Find Similar Documents
Awakening Mystical Consciousness: Chapter 5, Our Real Identity
- ~ 5 ~ OUR REAL IDENTITY TODAY, with all the conflict, warfare, and turmoil, it appears the world is bent on destroying itself. In this overturning, people of themselves have no strength, intelligence, or love. "For by strength shall no man prevail." 1 This destruction or crucifixion going on throughout the world is really the crucifixion of the belief in personal power, personal will, and the sense of an identity separate and apart from the One. That is all that is being crucified. Anyone holding on to the belief that he has a personal life to save or lose, a personal fortune to protect, or a personal will and dominion may be crucified because those beliefs must be rooted out in order for God's glory to fill the earth and for man to stand forth in the fullness of Christhood. What can I desire besides Thee? If I had all the earth and Thee, I would have no more than if I just had Thee. But if I had all the earth and had not Thee, then I would have nothing except a void still waiting to be filled. I realize the uselessness of desiring, wishing, and hoping because in the stillness I know Thou art with me. Thou art the light of my being. Never can I feel God's presence until I am in the silence. But after I have attained a stillness and silence, I can carry it out into the world for a few hours, when again I must retire for renewal of the assurance. It is not that God is not omnipresent; but in the turmoil of the world and the activity of the human mind, I am apt to develop a sense of separation, a feeling of being apart. So I come back into this silence for a moment to reassure myself and feel that divine Presence. THE INVISIBILITY OF SPIRITUAL IDENTITY This life I am experiencing is not my life but God's life: infinite, eternal, and immortal. This body that is my vehicle of expression is God's body. If it were mine, it would be separate and apart from God; and how would I preserve it? But this is not my body; it is the body of God in one of Its infinite forms and ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...hapter 5, Our Real Identity.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:35:08- 135K
Find Similar Documents
Consciousness Transformed: March 9, 1963, Relationship of Oneness 1
- RELATIONSHIP OF ONENESS 1 March 9, 1963 I WAS JUST TRYING TO SEE if I could find any spiritual reason for celebrating a birthday or an anniversary. Emma and I have been celebrating ours with a little family group every year just as a matter of human enjoyment, but I have been trying to think if there would be any spiritual significance in a birthday or anniversary. For one thing, it does serve as an excuse for a group of people to get together, for it is a wonderful thing for people who are like-minded to be together in this way. Still the question is, is there a spiritual significance? The only answer that would come is for the sake of giving us an opportunity, just because we use numbers, to look back for a few minutes to see how we have developed spiritually in the last few years. What manner of unfoldment has taken place in that time, what sense of togetherness? It would serve a good purpose to see if the past years are unfolding in some beautiful way. I think the only purpose really, that I can see at this moment, is that you can ask yourself, if it is a birthday, "What use am I making of my years?" Yes, this just comes up in my thought: "Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth, where moth and rust consume, and where thieves break through and steal; but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth consume, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: for where thy treasure is, there will thy heart be also." 1 From a spiritual standpoint it would make no difference in the passing of years, if we were using our time to lay up spiritual treasures. You can't take money with you, you can't take bank accounts with you and you can't take university degrees with you. It doesn't even matter if you have been president two or three times. The only thing we can carry with us is whatever measure of spiritual truth or spiritual consciousness we have attained. The same purpose is true on celebrating an anniversary. We would have ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/..., Relationship of Oneness 1.pdf
Modified: 2017-04-26 12:59:16- 95K
Find Similar Documents
Consciousness Unfolding: Chapter 2, Peace
- ~ 2 ~ PEACE Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid. John 14:27 My * peace, the peace of Christ! More healings have been brought about through absolute silence than through all the arguments metaphysicians have thought up in the whole history of the world. When you are called upon for help, sit down and get at peace. Think no thoughts; just sit and wait. Wait. Be patient, and wait for the peace of the Christ to descend upon you. In that moment of peace, without a word, you will witness healing. The only value a treatment has is to lift us to a point or place in consciousness where we are ready for spiritual consciousness to unfold. We are now in a different position from the one in which we found ourselves, when we were functioning with treatments. We have come to that place in consciousness where we are ready for the next higher step. Even if mental argument, affirmation, and denial were necessary to us in the early days of our work, we can now leave such forms alone. Learn to sit down and relax. Whether the case is sin, disease, death, or unemployment; whether or not it is serious, sit down and relax. Do not try to "handle" it. Do not try to "work" on it. Do not try to "treat" it. Sit back and, in silence, create a kind of vacuum for God, for the Christ, to rush in. Sit down and relinquish the thought that the human mind is a healer: Christ is the healer. The essence of the whole work we are doing is this: God is. God is, so let God work in us and through us to Its own end, and as Its own creation. Instead of continuing to use the words, God, God, God, let the actual realization of God do the work, since God is. "My peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth." 1 The world can give us a certain kind of peace. It can give us a lack of noise, a quiet country place, or an ocean trip. That is the peace that the world can give. People travel to far places, ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...Unfolding_ Chapter 2, Peace.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:35:29- 139K
Find Similar Documents
God The Substance of All Form: Chapter 5, Treatment as The Consciousness of Truth
- ... We must be willing for it to shine as much in our enemy's yard as in our own. While we are entertaining in thought some sense of enmity or hate, treatment or prayer is void. The Master-Christian taught: Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. Matthew 5:23, 24 But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you. Matthew 5:44 Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times? Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times: but, Until seventy times seven. Matthew 18:21, 22 Can you not see that without this quality of forgiveness treatment or prayer is just a waste of time? Consciousness must be a transparency for God, and a transparency for God is universal, impersonal, and impartial. His rain falls alike on the just and the unjust. The teachings of the Master are full of love and forgiveness, with never a trace of judgment or condemnation. Remember, in the case of the man born blind when the disciples asked the Master who did sin, this man, or his parents that he was born blind? Jesus answered, "Neither hath this man sinned, nor his parents." 2 And to the adulterous woman, he said, "Neither do I condemn thee." 3 Nowhere in the Christ-consciousness is there a possibility of any hate, envy, jealousy, or malice finding lodgment. A consciousness which entertains any of those traits is not a healing consciousness. The consciousness of a healer must be the consciousness of an individual who entertains no hate, envy, jealousy, or malice. It is easy to determine whether your treatment is going to be effective or whether you can do good healing work. How great a sense of personal hurt do you entertain in the world? I do not mean ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/... The Consciousness of Truth.pdf
Modified: 2017-02-07 14:35:34- 114K
Find Similar Documents | <urn:uuid:538700e8-ecb9-47bd-830e-e347a1aa6845> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.acropolisbooks.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/webinator/search/mlt.html?query=forgiveness&pr=Acropolis+Books&prox=sentence&rorder=0&rprox=0&rdfreq=0&rwfreq=1000&rlead=0&rdepth=0&sufs=0&order=r&cmd=mlt&id=6012137d7&maxr=661&jump=310 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959542 | 5,013 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Last Updated on 25 July, 2022 by Samuelsson
Here are 25 things I wish I knew about wheat trading before I started as a wheat trader. There are trading strategies, futures contract specifications, and a lot more.
1. What is wheat trading?
Wheat trading is the buying and selling of wheat contracts or instruments in order to make a profit.
2. What is wheat?
Wheat is a cereal grain derived from the seed of the grass, Triticum spp. It is a staple food all over the world and has been cultivated since 9600 BC. In fact, evidence indicates that the ancient Egyptians produced wheat and baked bread.
3. What are wheat futures?
The term wheat futures refers to futures contracts that allow traders to buy or sell a contract today to be settled at a future date. Wheat futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts in which the contract buyer agrees to take delivery, from the seller, a specific quantity of wheat (eg. 5000 bushels) at a predetermined price on a future delivery date.
4. How is wheat traded?
The commodity wheat is traded at several exchanges. The two biggest ones are Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and NYSE Euronext (Euronext). Wheat futures prices are quoted in USD and cents (USD) per bushel. Wheat futures market track the price of wheat. Wheat futures are great for traders who wish to get access to the wheat market in an easy way, yet at an affordable price.
5. How much is 5000 bushels of wheat?
It is approximately 136 tons.
6. Wheat Futures Trading Strategies
The wheat futures market is easily accessible for retail traders, and provides some great profit opportunities. We ourselves have wheat trading strategies in our portfolios, and they provide nice diversification in times when other markets are choppy and unstable. In fact, wheat futures trading strategies can be a great market to trade when a nice bull or bear run appear.
If you are interested in edges for agricultural futures and specifically Wheat futures trading strategies, you can check out our futures trading strategy club and membership, where you’ll get a new edge sent right to your inbox each month!
7. How do you start trading wheat futures?
To start trading wheat, all you need to do is to create an account with the exchange through your futures broker and deposit the required margin. Since it is a leveraged instrument, you need not have the full dollar worth of the contract before you can trade it. However, you have to be cautious about leveraged instruments — while you can make more money with them, you can also lose more.
8. What is wheat trading at?
The prices of wheat can be found here.
9. What is the current price of wheat and wheat futures?
You can also find the current wheat prices here.
10. Whats wheat futures trading hour?
Monday – Friday: 8:30 a.m. – 1:20 p.m. CT
11. Where can I find trading charts?
Here you can find wheat trading charts.
12. What are the trading symbols for wheat?
|CME Globex: ZW|
|CME ClearPort: W|
13. What is the contract specification for the wheat futures contract?
14. What is wheat used for?
Wheat is used for quite a number of things, but food production represents the main use:
Human food: Wheat is rich in many nutrients, including the essential vitamins, such as the B vitamins and minerals, such as iron and calcium. With a 13 percent protein content, wheat has more protein than any other major cereal. It, therefore, makes sense that the major use for wheat is in food production.
Pharmaceuticals: The gluten in wheat is used by the pharmaceutical industry to produce capsules.
Cosmetics: Wheat germ is very rich in vitamin E, so in the cosmetic industries, it is used to produce skin creams, body lotions, and bathing soaps.
Paper industry: Gluten is used in paper production to coat paper products.
Livestock feed: Wheat is used in making animal feed
Biofuels: Sometimes, wheat is used in producing bioethanol, which is a major ingredient in gasoline, but the role of wheat in ethanol production cannot be compared to that of corn.
15. Who are the largest producers and consumers of wheat?
Wheat is grown in different parts of the world. The top producers include China, India, Russia, the United States, France, Canada, Germany, Pakistan, Australia, and Ukraine. Most of these countries consume what they produce, so the top producers are not necessarily the top exporters. Russia tops the export table, followed by the European Union, the US, Canada, and Australia.
In terms of wheat consumption, China tops the list, followed by the EU-27, India, Russia, the United States, Pakistan, Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Brazil, and Algeria. The regions that import the most wheat are North Africa, Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East. Trades are mostly carried out through futures contracts.
16. How much wheat is being produced?
At an annual production of more than 730 million metric tonnes as of 2017, wheat is the second most-produced grain after corn. It is also the second most-consumed grain after rice. Thus, it is a very important commodity in the global market. In the commodity market, wheat futures contracts are categorized, according to the grain properties, into specific classes — hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, durum, and white wheat.
17. Why should you trade wheat futures contracts?
Trading agricultural commodity futures contracts can be very profitable if you know what you are doing and why you are doing it. There are many reasons to choose to trade wheat futures contracts, and these are some of them:
Diversifying your portfolio: If you have been playing in the financial market for a reasonably long time, you will know that it is very risky to invest in one asset class, such as stocks or bonds. Commodities like wheat offer you the chance to spread your investments across different asset classes, thereby reducing some systemic risk.
Hedge against inflation: Paper currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, are backed by the government, and their values are often at the mercy of the government’s monetary policies. Since wheat is a commodity with a tangible value, its prices increase when the value of the U.S. dollar depreciates due to rising inflation.
Betting on the growing demand for wheat: As the global population increases, the need for food commodities such as wheat increases, pushing up the demand for the commodity. Apart from the demand from human consumption, wheat is increasingly being used for the production of bioethanol because of the need for renewable energy. So, it is possible that wheat demand will exceed the supply and push prices up.
18. What is wheat seasonality?
Here is a chart showing the seasonal tendencies of the wheat futures market month to month.
19, How to trade wheat futures market?
The best approach to playing the wheat commodity market is to trade the futures contracts. Wheat contracts trade on the Tokyo Grain Exchange, Euronext, and the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), which is a member of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Group.
A wheat futures contract on the CBOT is equivalent to 5,000 bushels or about 136 metric tons, and it normally expires on the 15th day of the months of March, May, July, September, and December. Settlement, at expiration, is by physical delivery of the commodity. Traders who do not want to make or take delivery of the commodity can roll over their positions to the next expiration month.
Through the CME Globex electronic trading platform, the contract can be traded from anywhere, both during and after regular market hours. Futures contracts are leveraged instruments — you only deposit the required margin to carry the full contract.
20. What factors make wheat prices go up and down?
There are so many factors that can affect the prices of wheat futures contracts, so as a wheat trader, you need to watch out for them. They include the following:
Weather Events: Weather conditions can play a role in wheat production and pricing. Adverse weather conditions, such as drought or too much rain, may reduce production and increase wheat prices, while ideal weather conditions can boost yield and force prices down.
The value of the U.S. dollar: Just like other commodities, wheat futures contracts are quoted in U.S. dollars, so when the currency is weak, wheat prices increase and when the currency is strong, wheat prices fall.
Important data reports: There several periodic reports that significantly move wheat prices. Some of them include:
- the USDA Monthly Supply & Demand
- the Weekly Export Sales
- Commitment of Traders
- Spring Wheat Crop Condition
- Spring Wheat Crop Condition
- the USDA Prospective Planting Report
21. What is the tick size of wheat futures?
Tick size is $12.5 for wheat futures.
22. How do you invest in wheat?
You can invest in wheat via futures contracts, options, CFDs or ETF.
23. Are there an ETF or stock for investing in wheat?
There are several ETFs tracking wheat. Here is one: WEAT
24. Where can I find news about wheat futures?
Here is a good source for news for the wheat market.
25. What is the all time high of wheat?
Wheat reached an all-time high of 1350 in March of 2022.
26. Can you short wheat futures?
Yes, you can short wheat futures.
Wheat is a staple food in all parts of the world. It is among the most actively traded commodities. The best way to play the wheat commodity market is by trading the futures contracts, which trade on the Tokyo Grain Exchange, Euronext, and CBOT.
Here is our archive with articles about other tradeable futures markets. | <urn:uuid:3600bb7e-cff7-4f20-813b-4ef56aa1d175> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://therobusttrader.com/wheat-trading/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942137 | 2,107 | 1.78125 | 2 |
What is the Weather Like in New Zealand in March?
Considering travelling New Zealand in March? It’s an excellent time to travel the country while the weather still has the warm temperatures of summer yet fewer tourists. However, to be fully prepared for your trip you’re going to want to know about the New Zealand weather in March. You’ll find out all about that and more in this guide to New Zealand in March!
March is the first season of autumn in New Zealand. After April and May comes the winter season in June, July and August. Spring is during September, October and November. Summer is in December, January and February. For more information, check out our guide to The New Zealand Seasons and Climate, as well as What is the Weather Like in New Zealand?
Travel Tips for Visiting New Zealand in March
Here are some handy tips to make travelling in March in New Zealand a breeze.
- March is the month straight after the busy summer season, so we recommend making bookings on accommodation, transport and activities a little bit in advance. For busy tourist areas like Lake Tekapo and Milford Sound with limited accommodation, make sure you book as far in advance as possible
- Speaking of the end of summer, the sun is still intense at this time of year. Make sure to slap on some high-factor sunscreen regularly
- Take a day pack with you when you’re out and about. As the weather starts to get more unpredictable throughout the month, you’ll be happy to have a rain jacket or extra-warm layer with you
- On a working holiday visa? March is a good time to start finding fruit picking jobs for the harvest season
- Considering doing a multi-day hiking trail or a Great Walk? March is a great time to do it outside of the busy hiking season but at a comfortable temperature.
For more tips, check out the 10 Essential New Zealand Travel Tips.
Typical Temperatures in March
With summer only just over, the autumn month of March experiences mild temperatures. Nevertheless, you’re still likely to get a few days of cold blasts from the South Pole letting you know that winter is on its way.
Because New Zealand has slightly different climates across the country, here’s a list of average temperatures in March in each area of New Zealand.
Northern New Zealand (Northland, Auckland and Tauranga) – 18ºC (64ºF)
Central North Island (Hamilton, Taupo and Rotorua) – 16ºC (61ºF)
South-West North Island (New Plymouth, Palmerston North and Wellington) – 15ºC (59ºF)
Eastern North Island (Gisborne, Napier and Wairarapa) – 18ºC (64ºF)
Northern South Island (Blenheim and Nelson) – 16ºC (61ºF)
Western South Island (Westport, Hokitika and Milford Sound) – 14ºC (57ºF)
Eastern South Island (Kaikoura, Christchurch and Timaru) – 15ºC (59ºF)
Inland South Island (Lake Tekapo, Queenstown and Alexandra) – 13-16ºC (55-61ºF)
Southern New Zealand (Dunedin and Invercargill) – 14ºC (57ºF)
Other Weather Patterns in March
While mild and sunny weather usually prevails in March, you’re still likely to experience the odd rainy or colder day as the country gets into the autumn season.
Rainfall in March
March is not considered a particularly “wet” month in comparison to other months of the year with the exception of the West Coast of the South Island that experiences more rain than usual. To cover all the different areas of New Zealand, here’s a list of the average rainfall in March across New Zealand.
Northern New Zealand (Northland, Auckland and Tauranga) – 140mm (5.5″)
Central North Island (Hamilton, Taupo and Rotorua) – 80mm (3″)
South-West North Island (New Plymouth, Palmerston North and Wellington) – 90mm (3.5″)
Eastern North Island (Gisborne, Napier and Wairarapa) – 90mm (3.5″)
Northern South Island (Blenheim and Nelson) – 80mm (3″)
Western South Island (Westport, Hokitika and Milford Sound) – 250-650mm (10-25.5″)
Eastern South Island (Kaikoura, Christchurch and Timaru) – 60mm (2.4″)
Inland South Island (Lake Tekapo, Queenstown and Alexandra) – 50mm (2″)
Southern New Zealand (Dunedin and Invercargill) – 80mm (3″)
The Best Places to Visit in March
Add these New Zealand destinations to your itinerary for March!
Marlborough – with usually good weather in March, Marlborough is a great place to experience hiking in New Zealand on the Queen Charlotte Track.
Central Otago – Queenstown, Cromwell, Alexandra… the Central Otago towns are fantastic to visit this time of year with the autumn colours starting to appear, plus, generally good weather for hiking and mountain biking.
Hawke’s Bay – the east coast region on the North Island is blessed with a warm climate year-round so even in March it’s a great time to hit the bike trails, check out the art deco architecture of Napier city, and hit the beach trail all the way to the stunning Cape Kidnappers.
Abel Tasman National Park – Hit one of the most popular Great Walks in one of the warmest regions on the Abel Tasman Coast Track. The track is uncrowded this time of year.
Auckland – Hike on volcanic islands, wildlife sanctuary islands and vineyard islands in the Hauraki Gulf, all accessible from the city centre ferry terminal. Not only that but can enjoy all the city sights and museums on those bad weather days.
For events to check out in March, head on over to our New Zealand in March.
March Packing List
Get yourself prepared for March in New Zealand with these items to add to your packing list!
- Warm mid-layers
- Waterproof hiking shoes
- High factor sunscreen (even in March you can still get sunburn)
- Fast-dry hiking pants
- Wool socks
- Casual wear for exploring cities and doing indoor activities
For more things to consider packing, check out the Packing List for Autumn or Spring in New Zealand and 15 Essentials to Pack for New Zealand. Most important of all, check out our complete New Zealand Packing List. | <urn:uuid:58b17767-a5d6-4e04-866e-1500f2c8a650> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nzpocketguide.com/new-zealand-weather-in-march/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.918637 | 1,434 | 1.90625 | 2 |
A new issue (No. 3-2020) of the journal "Autism and Developmental Disorders" (Russia) has been published on the Russian Psychological Issues Psyjournals.ru. The issue was formed by the articles from key speakers of the VII International Conference "Autism: Challenges and Solutions" from the USA, Canada, Australia, Saudi Arabia. The issue's guest editor - Director of the Autism Research Institute, Stephen Edelson (USA) made a video introduction of the issue.
Supported employment is one of the headlines of the issue. The articles by D.Nicholas and D.Headley and colleagues provide empirical and theoretical studies of the problem of supported employment of individuals with ASD. In the work of the American nerologist - Margaret Bauman, the LADEERS model of interdisciplinary work with individuals with autism is presented.
Currently, there are a large number of interventions focused at the improving of various areas of life for people with ASD. Professor Hendren's team review provides information on intervention strategies of working with people with autism throughout the life cycle. Anxiety, self-injurious behavior, and sleep disorders are serious problems that affect the quality of life of individuals with autism. Stephen Edelson's review provides information on modern medical and psycho-educational interventions affecting these areas.
Rapidly evolving autism research is generating new theories and hypotheses to understand the underlying causes of ASD and to develop new strategies for addressing the key symptoms of autism. In the work of Professor El-Ansari, a new hypothesis for eliminating unwanted and repetitive behaviors in children with ASD is presented.
The issue ends with an interview with a person who "opened up to the world" the inner world of a person with autism - Dr. Temple Grandin. Speaking with the issue's guest editor, Dr.Grandin discussed telecommuting amid the COVID pandemic and the challenges people with autism face and gave some advice to families raising children with autism.
Illustrated by Olga Volgina | <urn:uuid:ea43829d-0d87-4eea-8d32-ba723a06cee4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://autism-frc.ru/en/news/1033 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928366 | 409 | 2.25 | 2 |
The U.S. economy today in some ways offers the most favorable conditions workers have had in years. The unemployment rate is as low as it has been in two decades, having bounced back from a COVID-induced spike in 2020. Simultaneously, the wave of quits and job switches now known as the Great Resignation shows that workers are on the hunt for better jobs. To recruit and retain employees in a tight labor market, employers are raising wages and offering better benefits and flexible working arrangements.
Amid these labor-friendly conditions, another historic source of worker power may be making a comeback: unions. Recent union drives at major U.S. employers like Starbucks and Amazon have grabbed headlines, and Congress is currently considering the PRO Act, a major piece of legislation to strengthen unions. But support for unions is more widespread than that. A majority of Americans believe that declines in union membership have been bad for the country, and according to the National Labor Relations Board, petitions for union elections nationwide rose by 57% from 2021 to 2022.
While labor organizing appears to be on the rise again, unions have a ways to go to reverse the long-running decline in unionization of recent decades. Forty years ago, one in five U.S. workers (20.1%) was a union member, but today, that figure is approximately one in ten (10.3%).
Experts point to a number of factors for the decline of unions in the U.S. The rise of right-to-work laws and other beginning in the middle of the 20th century allowed more employers to hire non-union workers. The economic downturn of the late 1970s and early 1980s led to major layoffs for many heavily unionized employers and industries. Globalization has made it easier for employers to find less expensive labor outside of the U.S., while technological advancements have allowed certain professions to be more automated.
The impact of these factors has been experienced differently across sectors of the economy. Industries like transportation and warehousing, manufacturing, construction, and trade have seen the sharpest declines in union membership rate over the last two decades. These are industries that have been reshaped by the major economic and social trends that have contributed to decreases in union participation. In contrast, fields like education and health care have experienced more measured declines.
Unionization’s steady decline has been costly for workers in many industries. Across all wage and salary workers, union members receive $194 more per week than non-union members in median weekly earnings. In some cases the difference can be even greater: for example, union construction workers earn $422 more per week than their non-union categories.
As organized labor potentially regrows its role in the U.S. economy, some parts of the country will offer more favorable terrain than others. Among the 27 states with right-to-work laws, union membership rates average 6.1%, compared to 13.8% in the states without. Rates are even lower in some parts of the country, including Southern states which have historically had more limitations on union activity. In contrast, the top states for union participation are largely found in the Northeast and in the West.
The data used in this analysis is from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2021 Current Population Survey. To determine the states with the highest union participation rates, researchers at HireAHelper calculated the percentage of workers who are union members. In the event of a tie, the state with the greater percentage of workers who are represented by unions was ranked higher.
The analysis found that 3.5% of Utah workers are union members, compared to 10.3% of workers nationally. Out of all states, Utah has the 3rd lowest union particpation rate. Here is a summary of the data for Utah:
- Percentage of workers who are union members: 3.5%
- Percentage of workers who are represented by unions: 6.5%
- Total workers who are union members: 51,000
- Total workers who are represented by unions: 96,000
For reference, here are the statistics for the entire United States:
- Percentage of workers who are union members: 10.3%
- Percentage of workers who are represented by unions: 11.6%
- Total workers who are union members: 14,012,000
- Total workers who are represented by unions: 15,802,000
For more information, a detailed methodology, and complete results, you can find the original report on HireAHelper’s website: https://www.hireahelper.com/lifestyle/states-with-the-highest-union-participation-rates/ | <urn:uuid:bcdf7b96-bb8d-4929-b8fe-e5f85c27a02b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utahnow.online/2022/07/14/study-finds-utah-has-3rd-lowest-union-participation-rate-in-u-s/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.964912 | 957 | 2.84375 | 3 |
We’ll look at some technologies for online e-commerce in this piece because we know that technology can be another ally. Even though many of them are already well-known, the current e-commerce boom has merely increased their application.
Live Shopping and Live Content
You have probably seen a big boost in lives on your social network. That perception translated into a 70% spike in the number of live streaming on Instagram alone in March, according to Business Insider. Additionally, did you notice how many of them were from businesses?
Another developing trend is live streaming of advertisements or product demonstrations.
The ability to ask about questions of the vendor in real time and view the item from many perspectives is what makes live content and live shopping so fascinating. This makes the tool more interesting than, say, pre-recorded videos.
From the view of the salesperson, it is a way to sell, promote a new experience, deepen relationships with clients and prospects, and get to know your audience.
AI-Powered Autonomous Showcase
Autonomous storefronts are an improvement over custom storefronts; they are thought up, built, and presented automatically by artificial intelligence that studies customer navigation.
A/B tests and modifications are made to the windows’ performance automatically by artificial intelligence in order to increase conversion.
Would you buy a blind purchase of a product? Yes, chances are slim. This is the strength of image in e-commerce, the element that most significantly affects the intention to buy. However, it can be challenging to ensure that customers on online e-commerce websites have a clear notion of what they intend to buy.
Let’s move past 2D images and reach a new level of product display for e-commerce. Just as you would in an physical store, way turning products around to view them from various angles.
You may create augmented reality using 3D photos.
With it, customers may try products on themselves in addition to viewing them from other perspectives and positioning them in different settings.
Companies like Threekit, for instance, make visuals with astonishing visual fidelity by utilising the same technology as is used to create visual effects for movies.
At the moment, augmented reality has been a way of attracting customers, who end up connecting with products in a way that is even more intricate than in person.
Therefore, if your rival offers the possibility to use augmented reality to customise and view how the product looks, they will undoubtedly sell more than you.
Using Autonomous Vehicles for Freight
Because of the development in online sales, shipping and delivery are becoming more common and are looking to be automated. Online e-commerce autonomous cars are another technology that has the potential to completely change the home delivery sector.
Drones can also be brought up because they already give the addition of autonomous freight even when operated remotely.
Virtual Assistants for Voice and Chat
Call centres were being replaced over place by virtual assistants and chatbots. However, since the epidemic, the focus has shifted to the widespread adoption of conversational AI-based technologies.
Interesting information on virtual assistants is revealed by a Capgemini survey:
- Consumer acceptance and happiness with virtual assistant interactions are rising: 72% of consumers think they have more faith in a firm after a positive engagement with conversational AI.
- 74% of businesses believe technology is crucial for customer engagement.
Technologies in Online Commerce: An Ever-Evolving Trend
As we’ve been discussing, omnichannel, contactless, self-service, customer-centric, and the goal of retention are the new norms in sales.
Once things return to normal, these new habits won’t just vanish. The public will want even better online shopping experiences as a result of the radicalization of the trend.
So it’s time to embrace the new shopping trends and make sure that customers’ expectations are met. | <urn:uuid:6235a2d0-1ac2-455e-b64f-51deb4b0af8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techgigs.org/technologies-that-are-transforming-online-commerce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947598 | 809 | 2 | 2 |
General History | Reigart’s Landing | Graeff’s Landing | First Lock | Second Lock | Third Lock | Fourth Lock | Fifth Lock | Sixth Lock | Seventh Lock | Eighth Lock | Ninth Lock
Fifth Lock: Rohrer’s Mill
History and photos here.
Lock five was located just above the Rock Hill iron bridge. Remains can still be seen at the Rock Hill Access Area. Lock five had a six foot lift. | <urn:uuid:1907b5a9-eb3a-4551-b986-03b07e58d534> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unchartedlancaster.com/conestoga-navigation-company/slackwater-navigation-adventure-07-fifth-lock/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.930729 | 95 | 1.867188 | 2 |
German Chancellor Angela Merkel held talks Monday on calming the crisis of refugees streaming into Europe as Turkey faces pressure from the European Union to open its borders.
In her weekly video message on Saturday, Merkel said European Union countries agree that the bloc needs to protect its external borders better, which is why she is seeking a solution with Turkey. She added that, if Europe wants to prevent smuggling, "we must be prepared to take in quotas of refugees legally and bear our part of the task."
"I don't think Europe can keep itself completely out of this," Merkel said.
Her talks in Ankara come as Turkey faces pressure from the EU to open its border to up to 35,000 Syrians who have massed along the frontier in the past few days fleeing an onslaught by government forces.
One refugee, Muhammed Idris, told Reuters that he had fled from the nearby Syrian town of Azaz and aimed on entering Syria, based on the open-door policy touted by Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan.
But he has been waiting for at a refugee camp for at least four days to get into Turkey.
"Before, Tayyip Erdogan was saying on TV that Syria and Turkey are brothers, but now he is not opening the doors," Idris said. "Our houses are destroyed and we came to his house. Where else should we go?"
Turkey, home to 2.5 million Syrian refugees, says it has reached its capacity to absorb refugees but has indicated that it will continue to provide refuge.
Refugees at the Oncupinar crossing near the Turkish city of Kilis were being shepherded into camps on the Syria side, Reuters reported Monday.
“Our doors are not closed, but at the moment there is no need to host such people inside our borders," said Suleyman Tapsiz, the local governor in the region on the Turkish side of the border.
A Turkish aid official said refugees on the Syrian side were safe and we being given food.
"We're extending our efforts inside Syria to supply shelter, food and medical assistance to people," an official from the Turkish Humanitarian Relief Foundation told the BBC.
Turkey agreed in November to fight smuggling networks and help curb irregular migration. In return, the EU has pledged $3.3 billion to help improve the condition of refugees, and to grant political concessions to Turkey, including an easing of visa restrictions and the fast-tracking of its EU membership process.
Turkey has since started to require Syrians arriving from third countries to apply for visas, in a bid to exclude those who aim to continue on to Greece.
Turkey has agreed to grant work permits to Syrians as an incentive for them to stay in Turkey. Ankara has also announced plans to increase coast guards' capabilities and designate human smuggling as a form of organized crime — which would bring stiffer punishments.
Meanwhile, another 33 people died Monday off Turkey's coast attempting to reach Greece.
Turkey's coast guard said 22 migrants died after their boat capsized in the Bay of Edremit, while four people were rescued. Further south, another 11 people died in a separate boat accident, according to the private Dogan news agency.
The coast guard has launched a search-and-rescue mission, including helicopters, to try to find 14 migrants who are reported to be missing.
The International Organization for Migration says 374 refugees and other migrants have died so far this year while trying to reach Greece. Turkey, a key country on their route to Europe, is central to Merkel's diplomatic efforts to reduce the flow. Germany saw an unprecedented 1.1 million asylum seekers arrive last year, many of them fleeing conflicts in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan.
The Associated Press contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:352f544e-9e23-4eb1-9cbe-84acf01bd25d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foxnews.com/world/european-union-pressures-turkey-to-open-its-borders-to-aid-refugee-crisis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.98026 | 755 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Native Americans Struggle To Find Housing While Facing Discrimination
February 3, 2017
A severe lack of housing on the nation's reservations means many Native Americans are forced to find rentals in nearby communities. That's the case for the Wind River Reservation in central Wyoming. But tribal members there still struggle to find places to live because of what they say is racial discrimination.
Ever since last summer, Ken Hebah has been unable to find a place to live. The Eastern Shoshone Tribe member says he doesn't need much. | <urn:uuid:052850ca-1b68-4fbe-ab87-26927d9713ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.redlakenationnews.com/story/2017/02/03/news/native-americans-struggle-to-find-housing-while-facing-discrimination/56923.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970502 | 106 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Baby-led weaning is just following your baby’s natural ability to show when they are hungry and full around food. It means supporting your baby while they learn to feed themselves. Making fresh, homemade baby-led weaning recipes is one of the best ways to start healthy eating habits. Not only are baby-led weaning recipes more nutritious, but they are also more cost-efficient and simple for your family.
Baby-led weaning recipes allow babies to control their solid food consumption by “self-feeding” from their first experience with food. By allowing your baby to self-feed with these baby-led weaning recipes you are bypassing purées and jumping right into exploring taste, texture, color, and smell as the baby sets their own pace for the meal. Instead of the traditional method of spoon-feeding pureed food, the baby is presented with a plate of varied finger food from which to choose. They often begin by picking up and licking or sucking on the piece of food, before progressing to eating. Babies are typically able to begin self-feeding baby-led weaning recipes between 6-8 months of age.
Read More: 4 Reasons To Try Baby-Led Weaning Recipes
Family dinner is the heart of baby-led weaning; eating with your baby, at the same time, at the same table, and sharing the same food! It is fabulous to include your baby in family mealtimes where they can watch what other members are doing and learn from your family. It allows for a more relaxed mealtime as no one is feeding the baby. Your baby will be comforted by seeing their family eat the same food and how they eat. You can choose to offer your baby what your family is eating or try some of our favorite baby-led weaning recipes, many of which your whole family can enjoy.
11 Favorite Baby-Led Weaning Recipes:
With baby-led weaning recipes, you are not buying specific baby food. These baby-led weaning recipes allow you to take ingredients you have in your home and prepare meals for your baby the whole family will enjoy. These meals have been tested in our household and are frequent repeaters. It might surprise you how much your child and you end up loving the same foods and robust flavors!
Sweet Potato and Spinach Patties
- 2 sweet potatoes
- 2 cups of spinach
- 2 eggs
- 1 cup of breadcrumbs
Cook sweet potatoes (microwaveable, steamable are our favorite choice!). Chop fresh spinach. Beat eggs in a large bowl, mix in breadcrumbs, mashed potatoes and spinach. Shape into small parties. Fry on a skillet with a small amount of cooking spray until golden brown. Freeze the extra!
- 1 mashed, ripe banana
- 1 egg
- 2 tablespoons quick cook oats
- 1 tablespoon chia seeds
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- Dash of cinnamon
Mash banana and whisk egg and combine with other ingredients. Fry on a skillet with a small amount of cooking spray until golden brown. Spread with nut butter before serving. These pancakes keep nicely in the refrigerator for up to three days and are nice to freeze to have on hand for quick breakfasts. This is one of the baby-led weaning recipes we are making multiple times a week!
Blueberry Muffin Overnight Oats
- ½ cup rolled oats
- ½ cup almond milk
- ½ banana mashed
- 2 tablespoons blueberries
- ¼ teaspoon lemon zest
- ½ teaspoon maple syrup
- Dash of cinnamon
Add ingredients to an eight ounce mason jar and let refrigerate overnight. This is a family favorite for everyone, baby especially loves it when they see mom eating it with them!
- Cooking spray
- ¾ cup whole wheat flour
- 2 teaspoons baking powder
- ½ teaspoon ground pumpkin pie spice
- ½ teaspoon cinnamon
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 4 tablespoons melted unsalted butter
- ½ cups mashed bananas (2 medium-sized ripe bananas)
- 1 egg, beaten
- Optional: chocolate chips, ¼ cup sour cream
Preheat the oven to 350F. Spray a 9×5 inch loaf pan with nonstick cooking spray and line the bottom of the pan with parchment paper. In a large bowl add the egg to the melted butter, then mix in vanilla extract. Sift the flour, baking powder, cinnamon and pumpkin pie spice over the wet mixture. Stir until well mixed. Fold in the mashed bananas and optional sour cream. Mix in chocolate chips.
Turn the oven down to 325F and bake for 45-60 minutes or until done (insert a toothpick – it should come out clean). Remove from the oven and let it cool for 5-10 minutes. Then turn the cake out onto a wire rack to finish cooling. This baby-led weaning recipe is a great way to use those overripe, sweet bananas.
- Oil, for greasing
- 1 pound lean ground beef
- 3 to 4 ounce good-quality sausage meat
- 1 medium onion, finely chopped
- 2 tablespoons tomato paste
- 1 cup fresh breadcrumbs
- 1 teaspoon dried italian seasoning
- 1 medium carrot, grated
- 1 celery stick, finely chopped
- 1 egg, beaten
Preheat the oven to 350F and lightly grease a 9×5” loaf pan. Mix the beef, sausage, onion, tomato paste, breadcrumbs, herbs, carrots, and celery in a large bowl. Add the egg and mix thoroughly, using your hands to squeeze the mixture. Transfer the mixture to the loaf pan, press down, and cover with foil. Bake in the oven for 1 hour or until the loaf begins to pull away from the sides of the pan. Remove from the pan before slicing and serving. Top with Homemade Tomato Ketchup; recipe listed below. Tip: Leftovers of this may be mixed with a tomato-based sauce and served with pasta.
Homemade Tomato Ketchup
- 1 cup canned crushed tomatoes
- 2 teaspoons tomato paste
- 1 tablespoon cider vinegar
- 1 garlic clove, chopped
- ½ onion, finely chopped
- 2 cloves
- 1 bay leaf
- Pinch of allspice
- Pinch of paprika
Combine all the ingredients in a saucepan and mix well. Bring to a boil and simmer for 5 minutes, stirring constantly. Remove from heat and allow to cool. Remove cloves and bay leaf. Place mixture in a blender and blend until smooth. If you want to avoid the sugar that traditional ketchup contains, this homemade version is a wonderful “dipper” for your family and baby. Baby-led weaning recipes can be so much healthier than traditional recipes!
English Muffin Pizza
- 1 English muffin
- 1 teaspoon low sodium tomato sauce
- ¼ cup grated cheese
- Sprinkle of dried oregano or Italian seasoning
- Optional toppings: chopped ham, mushrooms, roasted bell peppers, fresh tomatoes, sautéed spinach, sausage
Preheat the oven to 325F. Split the English muffin and then spread tomato sauce on the bread and scatter cheese, seasonings, and optional toppings evenly on top. Cook until the cheese has melted (10-15 minutes). Cut into fingers or triangles while still warm and serve.
- 1 medium head broccoli
- 1 prebaked single pie crust
- 1 onion
- ¾ cup grated cheddar cheese
- 3 eggs
- ½ cup milk
- Optional: cooked bacon, ham, sliced cherry tomatoes, mushrooms, spinach, or chopped asparagus, seasoning
Preheat the oven to 375F. Cut broccoli, onion and any optional ingredients into small pieces and cook (stem, boil, sauté) until tender. Spread the broccoli and onions in the bottom of the pan and sprinkle half the cheese over it. Beat the eggs, milk and seasonings. Pour the egg mixture over the onions, broccoli, and cheese. Sprinkle the remaining cheese on top. Bake in the preheated oven for 40-50 minutes, until the egg is cooked through and the crust is golden brown.
- 4 portions codfish
- salt and black pepper
- 1/4 cup softened butter
- 2 tablespoons freshly grated parmesan cheese
- 1 tablespoon all-purpose flour
- 3 cloves garlic minced
- 1 teaspoon dried basil
- 1/2 teaspoon onion powder
- 1 teaspoon dijon mustard
- 1 lemon juiced
- Additional lemon slices or wedges for serving
Preheat oven to 400F and lightly grease a 9×13 baking dish. Lay cod fish filets out in the prepared baking dish. Lightly season fish with salt and pepper. In a small bowl, stir together the butter, parmesan, flour, garlic, basil, onion powder, dijon mustard, and lemon juice. Top each fillet with a large spoonful of the butter mixture. Bake in the preheated oven for about 10 minutes. Actual cooking time will depend on the thickness of your fish. The fish is done when it flakes easily with a fork.
Black Bean Burgers
- 1 can black beans, drained and rinsed
- ½ green bell pepper, cut into 2 inch pieces
- ½ onion, cut into wedges
- 3 cloves garlic, peeled
- 1 egg
- 1 tablespoon chili powder
- 1 tablespoon cumin
- ½ cup breadcrumbs
If grilling, preheat an outdoor grill for high heat and lightly oil a sheet of aluminum foil. If baking, preheat the oven to 375F and lightly oil a baking sheet. In a medium bowl, mash beans with a fork until thick and pasty. In a food processor, finely chop bell pepper, onion and garlic. Then stir in mashed beans. In a bowl, stir together egg, chili powder, and cumin. Stir the egg mixture into mashed beans. Mix in breadcrumbs until the mixture is sticky and holds together. Divide into four patties. If grilling, place patties on foil and grill about 8 minutes on each side. If baking, place patties on a baking sheet and bake about 10 minutes on each side.
- 1 large zucchini (grated, then squeeze out water)
- 1 cup of fresh spinach (finely chopped)
- 3 eggs
- ¼ cup plain flour
Finely chop the spinach, then grate the zucchini on a chopping board and drain out the water by using your hands. Place the grated zucchini garlic and spinach into a large bowl. Add eggs and flour. Combine until you have a well-mixed batter. Tablespoon out each fritter onto a skillet on medium heat with a small amount of cooking spray until golden brown (about 1 to 2 minutes each side). Once cooked, place on a wire rack to cool. Leave in the refrigerator for up to five days or freeze for up to three months. These green fritters are great for baby-led weaning, toddlers, and the family for a super healthy and easy lunch or dinner.
Read More: Skip Purees With Baby-Led Weaning
With all of the different feeding methods, whatever path you choose doesn’t mean you have to ONLY use that method of feeding. Allowing your child to be baby-led means following your baby’s cues and supporting your baby to learn to eat on their own. These baby-led weaning recipes allow for natural, developmentally appropriate interaction and play with food, which has the potential to develop a lifelong curiosity and interest in food.
WANT TO READ MORE?
💖 NEWSLETTER: DAILY READS IN YOUR INBOX 💖
Sign up to receive our picks for the best things to do, see and buy so you can relax and focus on more important tasks! Let us help you be the best version of yourself you can be!
GET MORE FROM DAILY MOM, PARENTS PORTAL
Newsletter: Daily Mom delivered to you
Instagram: @DailyMomOfficial | @DailyMomTravel | @BestProductsClub
📌 LOVE IT? PIN IT!📌
Photo Credits: Unsplash.com | <urn:uuid:867a5287-6236-4308-83ef-88e5057ea8ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailymom.com/nest/11-best-baby-led-weaning-recipes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.903271 | 2,595 | 1.867188 | 2 |
A 3.306Mb PDF of this article as it appeared in the magazine—complete with images—is available by clicking HERE
The year was 1847 and dew was running in intermittent rivulets down the canvas lean-to. The men ate their breakfast of sourdough biscuits, served with a generous portion of salted pork and what was left of the bluegill dinner from the previous evening and washed down with camp coffee. Deputy surveyor John Burt was getting the crew ready for another day of discovery in the western end of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. His father, William Austin Burt, inventor of the solar compass, was the patriarch of a family of surveyors who crisscrossed the Upper Peninsula. John had been tasked with completing the south and west lines of T45N R42W, while his father worked on the north and east boundary.
This was an area of wilderness relatively untouched by the white settlers but well known to the local natives as a land of abundance. The original survey maps in the area show Native American villages, sugar bushes, game trails and elaborate fence systems, presumably to funnel big game during a hunt. Berries, nuts, timber, fish and wildlife are still plentiful and, if it were not for the occasional road that accesses the region, it would appear much the same as when Burt first arrived.
Fast forward to October 2006 and the Pine Cone Inn at Land O’Lakes, Wisconsin. Here a new band of young surveyors from Michigan Technological University had gathered. What was it that brought them here, on a weekend, during what little remained of the warm weather in the U.P.?
Let it be said, first of all, that the students and faculty of Michigan Tech are a fairly hearty bunch. For starters, the university is located in the city of Houghton on Portage Lake in Michigan’s rugged and heavily forested Upper Peninsula. Outdoor enthusiasts take part in year-round activities that the surroundings offer with its numerous lakes, streams, and of course Lake Superior, the largest of the Great Lakes. Houghton receives an average of 250 inches of snow per year making it an ideal winter activity venue in fact, many students ride their snowmobiles to campus! Michigan Tech offers a Bachelor of Science in Surveying Engineering program that has been in existence since 1977. Students receive a quality education and an abundance of practical field experience that utilizes the latest in equipment and software. And the proof is in the pudding: graduates of the program report 100% placement.
Getting Their Bearings
Accompanied by faculty member and licensed surveyor Robert Liimakka, the group met up with Patrick Leemon, Forest Land Surveyor for the Ottawa National Forest, for an early breakfast. Over breakfast Pat distributed a packet containing GLO notes, quadrangle maps and aerial photos of the search areas to each student. The packets were studied and the day’s mission was discussed with Pat providing the particulars of retracement procedures and sharing his own experiences. It would be their goal to attempt the recovery of two original corners set by John Burt. Like bees to a flower, these young men and women are being drawn into the realm of corner recovery, the very foundation of our Public Land Survey System (PLSS).
Renowned inventor and business man Alexander Graham Bell said, "Before anything else, preparation is the key to success." Whether they realized it or not, the students had been preparing for this day most of their academic career. All of their acquired knowledge, skills and abilities had brought them to this point, and many of those skills would be needed for this project. GLO notes, aerial photos and maps in hand, the day’s mission was discussed over coffee. But it didn’t start with making photocopies of historic records.
Geographic Measurement Management
The success of the yearly original corner searches hinges largely on a computer program called Geographic Measurement Management (GMM). This is public domain software can be found on the Internet (http://web.nmsu.edu/~kwurm/Software.html). GMM is the muscle behind the PLSS layer for what will become the Ottawa National Forest’s GIS. GMM is the product of collaboration between the University of Maine, the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service. Once installed on a computer, it is a simple matter of entering the original GLO or subsequent survey notes for the desired area and populating the region with GPS coordinates for control. An adjustment is done on the project file and calculated coordinates are determined for all corners within the area. Any particular section can be subdivided further. The size of a project doesn’t matter it can be as small as an individual section or as large as several counties. It is ideal for retracement because it yields a search area in seconds, and as additional coordinates are entered for control, the adjustment can be rerun to yield new areas to search. The program is capable of calculating closing corner, meander corners and even angle points on a meander line. The program remains true to the BLM manual in respect to the proper subdivision of a section and the restoration of lost corners. You can work in latitude, longitude, State Plane, and grid and ground measurements. It is truly a remarkable piece of software. Sub-meter GPS is fine for this work as it compares favorably with the original surveys. The quality of the coordinates is directly related to the accuracy of the data used to create it. History has shown us that some deputy surveyors have dubious reputations, leaving us with sometimes perplexing issues. (Surveyors of the Public Land in Michigan by Caldwell is an excellent source for information on the deputy surveyors.) Fortunately, John Burt left behind an excellent reputation for the quality of his surveys. His documentation is right on the mark for the individuals who worked in Michigan.
Bay Lake Meander Corner
Fed and full of energy, we hopped in our trucks and headed for property owned by the University of Notre Dame. This biological research facility is surrounded by pristine forests, abundant lakes, and partitioned by flowing streams on the Michigan-Wisconsin border.
With the GMM coordinates entered into a sub-meter Trimble ProXR GPS receiver, our caravan of vehicles wound through the pine forests of northern Wisconsin before crossing back into Michigan and the mixed hardwood stands that are typical of the Ottawa National Forest. We were able to get within a quarter mile of the lake. A quick compass shot pointed the way to our first location.
Sunlight pierced the cloud cover for long periods of time as we passed over a thick blanket of leaves covering the forest floor. In short order we made our way down a hardwood ridge into a leatherleaf bog and the shore of Bay Lake. The water table had risen considerably since my last visit there. Beavers had built higher dams. We were now standing in ankle deep water where there had been dry ground only months earlier, and the East Meander Corner on Bay Lake was nowhere in sight.
The original notes called for a lake intersection at 29.50 chains from the southeast corner of section 36. At that location Burt blazed and scribed a 36" white pine bearing S45º E, 22 links and a 7" white cedar bearing N66º E, 37 links from the corner. It didn’t take long to find several stumps worthy of closer inspection. A few standing cedar snags had clearly healed blazes. However, several things didn’t seem "right" about any of them. The cedars we found were not much larger than the originals in 1847. Although possible, it was not probable. The white pine seemed too far north for a surveyor of Burt’s reputation, and the fact that this was a township line reinforced that concept
. A further search of the area revealed some hemlock and maple stumps, and we were still about 30 feet northerly of the position GMM indicated.
Moving further south along the shore, the number of viable stumps diminished quickly. Pushing through the willow and tag alder was not easy. Each mound had to be inspected to determine if it was the remains of an ancient tree, long fallen and severely decayed. The minutes passed and soon one of the students found a rather large stump. A quick glance was enough to identify it as a conifer. A rather large blaze on the northwest side of the stump revealed axe marks, a measuring notch, and the last remnants of eroded scribing. That was pretty conclusive but what about the cedar bearing tree? By using the COGO routines on a calculator the students determined the bearing and distance between GLO stumps, thereby dramatically reducing the time required during the search process. The students used a compass to find a corresponding stump within two degrees and one foot of the calculated inverse (N31º E 23.5 feet). To further identify the stump, Pat explained that by examining the cross section of the wood’s cellular structure it is possible to positively identify the tree species. Everyone got hands-on experience with a 10X hand lens. These inspections did not reveal resin ducts and the transition from springwood to summerwood was more gradual than in hemlock. These two traits and the fact the wood split easily are prime indicators of white cedar. Cedar aroma could not be discerned over the earthy tones of decay. Published books on identifying wood (such as Identifying Wood by Hoadley, and Wood Structures and Identification by Core, Cote and Day) are good, but supplementing written texts with known samples in various stages of decay is invaluable.
From the two recovered GLO witnesses we located a search area in the lake worthy of excavation. The original notes didn’t indicate a wood post had been set, but we still needed to look. The search was abandoned after quite a long time digging in the sand and gravel in the frigid water. No post point was found. If a post was set in 1847, it either was lifted from its position by ice or was lost to the ravages of time.
It is unlikely that any monument set in the lake would remain undisturbed more than a few years due to winter icing. The best option was to set a witness corner on the township line a safe distance away. This monument was witnessed and the information noted for future recording before heading back to the trucks.
Back at the vehicles, it was nearly noon and voracious appetites were met with a potluck of bratwursts, entrees, and dessert. It was turning out to be a particularly pleasant day. The temperature had warmed, the sun sparkled off Bay Lake in the distance, we had plenty to eat, and the conversation turned to school and survey topics. While the university focuses on technology, ethics and practical skills, it hasn’t lost sight of the need to not just follow in the footsteps of previous surveyors, but to be able to track the evidence left behind by these surveyors. That is the primary reason for these yearly outings.
The Missing Quarter Corner
After lunch, we were off to a second site. Although it was only five miles down the township line, it was nearly forty miles by vehicle. A good hour later we arrived near the South Quarter Corner of Section 31 T45N R42W. After a short hike into a black spruce swamp, we arrived at the computed GMM coordinates. The notes called for entering and leaving a swamp at 36.50 and 43.00 chains respectively. It’s often tough to determine the same location for the swamp edge as the original surveyors. We have found that measuring across the swamp to where we call the other edge and proportioning that distance against the original distance yields good results. The swamp calls verified our GPS position within a quarter chain. There were many dead snags and downed trees in the area. In the original notes, a tamarack post was set marking the corner and two tamarack bearing trees, one at N13º E 15 links and a second at N60º W 56 links, were taken. One tamarack snag immediately stood out. A large healed scar was visible at just the right height for an original blaze. Further examination of the panel from this tree showed what appeared to be the measuring notch. Because of the severe heart rot, it disintegrated in our hands. We were also able to make out axe marks on the panel as well as quarter blazes around the tree indicating others had been here long before us. It’s not uncommon to find other blazes from timber cruisers marking their passage through the area.
In 1880, the European Larch Sawfly was accidentally introduced in Boston, Massachusetts. From 1910 through 1926, it devastated tamarack stands across the north woods. Since this tree showed signs of a healed scar, the tamarack must have been reopened by someone around 1900. This action would seem to indicate of a long accepted position. The inside of the panel was observed for any sign of reverse scribing. Although you could easily make out where the tree had healed against the flattened panel caused by an axe, we didn’t see any raised lettering where the tree would have healed into the scribe marks. Out came the calculators to determine another inverse between the GLO bearing trees. Imagine our delight when again at the measured bearing and distance we found a matching stump, badly decayed but showing the last remnants of a healed blaze. These stumps were within two degrees for direction and one-half foot for distance when compared to the mathematical inverse between GLO stumps.
We swung an arc from each stump, marking the moss covered ground with spray paint. At the intersection of these arcs we began to dig. After removing organic matter from a three-by-five foot area, and well over a foot deep, we could not find the point. Each previous year we were fortunate to find the point of the original post. Alas, it was not to be on this occasion. What happened to it remains a mystery.
Could we have been looking in the wrong location? Not from the standpoint of GLO swamp calls and distances east and west. These eventually compared to within three feet of record. As for the north-south position, the recovered township corner one-half mile west matched within two feet of record! Were the tamaracks we found really the originals? Because of their strong relationship to each other and the fact that no other tamaracks had even the faintest remains of a corresponding stump at the calculated inverse, it is likely that they are indeed the original BTs. What happened to the point? It could have been pulled by human or dislodged by a black bear. Bears often wreak havoc with survey evidence left in the woods. I can’t prove that so it would be pure speculation. Probably, the agents of decay have worked ceaselessly to obliterate all traces of the original post. If the water table in the bog dropped, any portion of the point above it would have begun to decay and a small diameter post wouldn’t last too long.
Igniting the Passion
The authentic retracement experiences provide valuable insight, improve retracement skills and teach caution for these future surveyors not to imagine evidence that isn’t there. We don’t want them to preface their conclusions with speculative statements such as "if this happened, then it is conceivable that…." Their responsibility is to uncover the facts and support their conclusions with as much convincing collateral evidence as they can muster when they are unable to find indisputable proof of the original corner. Usually they will not recover original evidence. In those cases, they must be able to defend their decision with supporting facts.
Each year, it gets harder to find these ancient posts and their accessories. Thirty years ago it was easier. Ten years from now, it will be even harder. Some day, it will all be gone, decayed away without a trace. By then, future surveyors will be looking for the decayed remains of
the trees we blaze today or the standard irons we use to mark our positions. Perhaps some day we just may recover everything with GPS and a math solution. But then, a set of numbers five digits right of the decimal point placed in a shadow box on your office wall won’t have the same appeal.
Next year another group of students from Michigan Tech will embark on a similar adventure to another part of the Ottawa National Forest where they can hone their retracement skills and begin a lifetime passion for this aspect of surveying.
Pat Leemon is employed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture on the Ottawa National Forest. He has been surveying since 1979.
Rob Liimakka is a professor in the Survey Engineering Department at Michigan Tech. He holds a doctorate in civil engineering and a MS in Spatial Information Science and Engineering from the University of Maine, Orono, and a BS in Land Surveying from Michigan Tech.
1845 Geological Map by W.A. Burt
One of the responsibilities of the deputy surveyors was to classify the surveyed lands by mineral content. This 1845 map shows such a classification. In his article " U.P. Surveyors," that appeared in the September/October 1982 edition of Michigan History, author LeRoy Barnett wrote:
"…Surveying activities in the Upper Peninsula continued west in 1844. Douglass Houghton signed a $20,000 contract with the federal government to delimit 4,000 miles of township and section lines in what were believed to be the Lake Superior mineral districts. Burt was engaged to establish the township boundaries, and Houghton took upon himself the task of subdividing these tracts into 640acre squares. On 19 September, near Teal Lake, Burt and his men found their compasses acting in a most irregular fashion. A search for the cause revealed numerous specimens of magnetic ore. The rich concentration of minerals eventually gave rise to one of Michigan’s largest mining concerns, the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company….The reason for [the] decline in the progress of surveying the Upper Peninsula was insufficient compensation. As part of an economy move, the federal government had decided that no contract would be let for more than $4.50 per mile. At that price, no one could be found to accept a job surveying the interior where forests, swamps and brush were so thick that horses or mules could not be used for packing. In areas not supplied by boat, men had to be hired to walk in all provisions and baggage. Moreover, due to the iron deposits in the region, only the solar compass could be used. This device, which was not affected by magnetism, required a fairly high sun, limiting the time a surveyor could work to less than ten hours even on sunny days."
A 3.306Mb PDF of this article as it appeared in the magazine—complete with images—is available by clicking HERE | <urn:uuid:af630af0-adc0-49ab-94bc-d7904215dc91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amerisurv.com/2007/05/31/2006-original-corner-recovery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967051 | 3,927 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Hearing aids are designed to meet specific hearing needs, and as such, they come in a variety of customizable styles and sizes, with special features.
Generally speaking, hearing aids are comprised of a number of similar parts, designed to amplify sounds from your environment, balance audio data, and provide your brain a clearer sound signal to process. All hearing aids have a microphone, processing chip, receiver, and a well-constructed casing to ensure protection of the sensitive electronic components. Many of the top brands even have Bluetooth-compatible hearing aids!
The two main styles of hearing aids are behind-the-ear and in-the-ear, which includes in-the-canal options.
Styles of Hearing Aids
Behind the Ear (BTE) Hearing Aids
BTE hearing aids address almost every type of hearing loss. They are also a great choice for children, as their design makes them flexible and adaptable for growth. A plastic casing, which houses the electronic components of the hearing aid, hooks over the top of your ear and is partially hidden behind it. A tube connects to a customized mold that sits inside your ear canal, delivering sound. All buttons to control volume and program(s) on BTE hearing aids are located on the plastic casing behind your ear.
Receiver-in-canal (RIC) hearing aids are a type of BTE hearing aid. With similar construction and wearing style, RIC hearing aids are designed with the receiver placed in your ear canal. This design makes the plastic casing that rests behind your ear smaller in size than the traditional BTE.
BTE and RIC hearing aids are prized for their discreet design and flexibility. Also many people with limited manual dexterity (due to arthritis for example) prefer BTE or RIC hearing aids because they are easier to operate.
In the Ear (ITE) Hearing Aids
ITE hearing aids come in a wide range of wearing options: from the smallest, invisible-in-canal (IIC), completely-in-canal (CIC) or mini-CIC style to the largest full-shell ITE style. With ITE hearing aids, all electronic components are housed in a single case, which is then inserted into either the ear canal or the opening of the ear.
As the smallest of ITE styles, IIC, CIC and mini-CIC hearing aids treat mild to moderate hearing loss. Made from a custom mold of your ear canal, they are placed inside the canal, where they are invisible (or nearly invisible). While their discreet style is preferred for certain wearers, they do come with a few caveats. Because of their small size, they use a smaller battery, which means they require frequent battery changes. Because they treat a small range of hearing loss, they are not often designed with many extra features to support different kinds of hearing loss. In-the-canal (ITC) hearing aids, the next step up, are also custom molded and designed to fit within your ear canal and offer similar features.
ITE hearing aids – full shell and half shell – are designed to sit in the outer bowl shape of your ear. While they are easier to control than in-canal styles, ITE hearing aids still have smaller components than BTE aids, which may pose difficulty for people with dexterity issues. ITE hearing aids treat a wide range of degrees of hearing loss (mild to severe), though they do not offer as much aesthetic discretion as BTE or in-canal models.
Hearing Aid Brands
Other Hearing Devices
You may already be familiar with Bluetooth technology - the features enable us to connect two electronic devices without a cord (most commonly, your smartphone to your Bluetooth earphones). Bluetooth features for hearing aids works on the same principle – it's just as convenient and straightforward.
Hearing aids help us hear many sounds around us, and Bluetooth technology simplifies audio streaming by directly linking the sound to the hearing aid. While natural sounds are taken from the hearing aid without any help from Bluetooth, the best Bluetooth hearing aids connect directly to the audio sources that are important to you, including your smartphone, TV, and tablet. Using the latest hearing aids, you can now stream your favorite shows, podcasts, and movies wirelessly and without the need for a streamer.
Personal Sound Amplification Products (PSAPs)
PSAPS, according to the FDA, are amplification devices that are intended for individuals with normal hearing. It is important to note that PSAPs are NOT the same thing as hearing aids or newly approved Over The Counter (OTC) hearing aids (see below). They are often used for better hearing of TV or during hunting. However, many of these devices are unregulated and can expose your ear to damaging levels of sound. We at Coweta Hearing Clinic and Fayette Hearing Clinic will be happy to test your hearing prior to their use to establish a hearing baseline and then discuss PSAP options with you.
Over the Counter (OTC) Hearing Aids
Over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids have recently been approved by the FDA as a treatment option for those with mild to moderate hearing losses. These devices, although not readily available at this time, are intended to be purchased at pharmacies and other retail establishments without a prescription and at less cost. We at Coweta and Fayette Hearing Clinics would like to help you with this decision process and let you know if you fall within the OTC guidelines. If your testing reveals that there are no other medical conditions and that you could wear an OTC device, you would be welcome to purchase an OTC hearing aid elsewhere. We would also be happy to discuss one of our comparably priced options that will include more comprehensive care and general maintenance not available at a drug store. | <urn:uuid:1371f2c5-4750-44f7-bd87-c941c4bee552> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehearingclinics.com/hearing-aid-styles-and-brands/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953625 | 1,196 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Even though fruit like Cherries, Apples and Pears is great for your body, eating certain parts of them can be quite poisonous and even fatal, and surprisingly the same can be said about rice and potatoes.
Rice contains arsenic, which is notoriously poisonous to multicellular life, although a few species of bacteria are able to use arsenic compounds as respiratory metabolites. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a problem that affects millions of people across the world.
It can cause vomiting, abdominal pain, and vertigo when consumed in large quantities. The highest levels are found in brown rice, the lowest in instant rice. Consistent exposure to even low doses of arsenic over time can lead to heart disease and bladder cancer.
It would take about 50 grams of arsenic to kill the average person, which means it’s about 1800 cups of rice, eaten all in one sitting.
Solanine poisoning is primarily displayed by gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, burning of the throat, cardiac dysrhythmia, nightmare, headache and dizziness. In more severe cases, hallucinations, loss of sensation, paralysis, fever, jaundice, dilated pupils, hypothermia and death have been reported.
One study suggests that doses of 2 to 5 mg per kilogram of body weight can cause toxic symptoms, and doses of 3 to 6 mg per kilogram of body weight can be fatal. The compound is particularly concentrated in potatoes that have started to turn green, and especially when they’ve begun to sprout.
Apples and Pears (Cyanide)
The seeds inside these fruit contain compounds capable of turning into lethal cyanide when ingested. Those seeds would have to be mashed before the cyanide making compounds can take effect. You’d need about 100 grams of the pips to take out a 150-pound person. It comes to about 25 apple cores one would have to eat in one sitting.
Cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia because the cells of an organism are unable to use oxygen, primarily through the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. Exposure to lower levels of cyanide over a long period results in increased blood cyanide levels, which can result in weakness and a variety of symptoms, including permanent paralysis, nervous lesions, hypothyroidism, mild liver kidney damage and miscarriages.
Rhubarb (Oxalic Acid)
The plant’s leaves contain oxalic acid, a chemical that’s also used in household bleach and anti-rust products. Eating the leaves can cause burning sensation inside the mouth and throat, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, and even death.
Cooking the leaves won’t get rid of the acid. However, it would take eating around 10 pounds of this in order to show the symptoms. Oxalic acid has toxic effects through contact to the skin as well.
Cherries, Plums, Apricots, Peaches (More Cyanide)
Just like apples and pears, the pits are the dangerous part. Swallowing one whole is rarely poisonous, but eating a broken pit causes the compounds that can create cyanide in our body to be released.
Unlike the other dangers listed above, ingesting just one or two freshly crushed pits can lead to death. | <urn:uuid:5e0529e1-26ac-4f80-a591-89683dbe98f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://walyou.com/foods-that-become-deadly-when-you-eat-too-much/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.933836 | 706 | 3.453125 | 3 |
ICELAND GETS COLD ON PALM OIL
The news generating the most headlines this week is that UK supermarket chain Iceland has decided to remove palm oil from its private label (own brand) products.
The move has gained considerable news coverage for the supermarket chain, which specialises in frozen goods. This is surprising given the relatively small market penetration of the group. It represents about 2 per cent on the UK grocery market, so can definitely be considered niche. Its palm oil purchases are around 500 tonnes, representing approximately 0.001 per cent of annual global production.
Given the small numbers involved, this looks more like a marketing stunt than a business unit decision. Going ‘palm oil free’ gives Iceland a tiny point of marketing difference in a crowded and competitive market.
We’ve seen this previously, when French retailers launched a palm oil free chocolate spread to compete with Ferrero’s Nutella. It did not really make a dent in Nutella’s market share, but it did provide a niche option for a niche market.
This goes hand-in-hand with the policy rationale the company is using, where it is stating that it does not believe palm oil can be sourced sustainably. Anyone who has had anything to do with sustainability certification – whether MSPO, RSPO, ISCC or ISPO – would beg to differ.
INDONESIA RATTLES THE SABRE ON RED
The European Union Parliament’s proposed ban on palm oil in the Renewable Energy Directive continues to generate waves in the European Union and across the globe.
At the European end, the trilogues between the Council, Parliament and Commission are ongoing. The objective of the trilogue is to reach a compromise position for the final Directive, which then needs to be approved. This isn’t just on palm oil; it covers the entire gamut of European renewables programs. There has been some jockeying for policy preferences over the past week, but European NGOs are currently focused on having carbon capture programs excluded from the RED. NGOs probably see their job on biofuels as complete; they have convinced the Parliament to take their position, and now it’s up to the Parliament to carry this through.
At the ASEAN end, Indonesia is deploying its resources to both rebuff the EU and gain greater international support.
One of the tricks Indonesia has up its sleeve is the difference between its bound and applied tariff rates. An applied rate is the current tariff on a good; a bound rate is the maximum tariff they can apply to that good. Most applied tariffs in Indonesia are well below the bound rate. This means that Indonesia can place a much higher tariff on a product coming from Europe and still be within WTO rules.
Indonesia has also been rallying in the region, calling on Malaysia to coordinate their positions, and calling on Nigeria – the world’s third-largest palm oil producer – to join the Council of Palm Oil Producing Countries.
The additional wildcard here is the proposed EU-Indonesia free trade agreement. The last negotiating round was completed in February. Palm Oil Monitor has heard from reasonably good sources that the Indonesians were considering postponing the next round, which the EU has slated for June but remains unconfirmed.
ZERO DEFORESTATION POLICIES: NOT SO SUSTAINABLE?
As noted last week, Greenpeace recently called out food companies on their ‘zero deforestation’ commitments. Now CIFOR has joined the fray.
CIFOR’s work is often robust, and this is no exception.
What they discovered is that no companies made commitments to either: maintain marketing relations with the smallholders in their supplier base; or ensure commitments do not adversely affect food security because of changing land use patterns.
The upshot is that – as some people had suspected – smallholders were very much being left out of the ‘zero deforestation’ equation. CIFOR sums it up as follows:
“Many companies may be required to narrow their supply base to a smaller number of producers who have the capacity to conform to more stringent production standards in order to reduce transaction costs. This may then further exclude smallholders from participating in profitable commodity chains.”
For practitioners interested in the wider definition of sustainability this can’t be considered acceptable. Anyone with the most basic understanding of sustainability certification or stakeholder relations knows that the local community – and their welfare – is paramount. This truly underlines the difference between a corporate or NGO commitment and a sustainability standard. | <urn:uuid:ec3f715c-b70e-4ca0-ae44-3f1e38942ffe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://palmoilmonitor.org/2018/04/16/palm-oil-monitor-weekly-update-april-16-2018/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959459 | 942 | 1.851563 | 2 |
What is CargoCoin?
The full scale scope of the project extends to all transport areas – shipping industry (containers, bulk, break bulk, liquid bulk), inland transportation (trucks, railways), air cargo (transportation by planes, drones, etc.), other types of transportation, including, but not limited to: pipeline transport, space cargo, intercity and outer city shared rides.
Dedicated platforms for the different types of transport in development will be interconnected, allowing for infinite transportation functionality. The objective is the creation of synergy between the commodities & cargo traders with all transport means on a global scale. The integration of all participants and tools delivers unique, one of a kind eco-system.
CargoCoin utilises the transport platform, as a secure transfer and storage method by the means of smart contracts, as well as a payment provider for transport services and cargoes. Fully unleashes the potential of crypto currencies to act as an interactive way of sending, receiving, approving, rejecting and signing documents through the process.
Solving the problems of the shipping industry
The CargoCoin blockchain technology delivers revolution to the trade & transport by fostering optimisation.
CargoCoin solves a number of problems in the shipping industry:
CargoCoin minimises the risk of fraud and in many cases completely eliminates it, by not releasing any payments until the counter parties’ pre-set conditions are fully met.
CargoCoin reduces costs, compared to high percentages, charged throughout the process by banks, brokers, agents, lines, ports, customs agents, couriers, insurers, etc.
CargoCoin avoids the delays by providing instant exchange, review and approval of documents and payments between the parties involved in the Smart Contract
CargoCoin relies on the public infrastructure of the Ethereum blockchain, backed by thousands of people in a peer-to-peer decentralised infrastructure.
CargoCoin is naturally secured. It relies on the blockchain’s proven hashing algorithm technology without the possibility of information leakage.
CargoCoin, not just allows but fully relies for full historic storage of all transactions ever conducted, thus avoiding risks of physical loss or destruction of paper documents.
- Research & Development-30%
- Marketing & Sales-50%
- Exchange listing-7%
ICO fund distribution
- Bounty & affiliates-10%
The CargoCoin roadmap is based on its full cycle of preparation, development, implementation and marketing. The project schedule is an estimate and may vary, depending on various factors:
Start of idea-Q3 2017
We started the idea of integrating the shipping platform with blockchain payments and smart contracts.
ICO preparation-Q1 2018
Preparing the Initial Coin Offering for CargoCoin, gathering a team, selecting advisors, preparing whitepaper...
ICO launch-Q2 2018
Launching the Initial Coin Offering for CargoCoin
Smart contracts-Q2 & Q3 2018
Programming of smart contracts on the ERC223 platform, testing and evaluation
Development stage 1-Q3 & Q4 2018
Development of the global shipping platform, connecting importers, exporters, ship brokers, forwarders, ship owners, etc. (Stage 1). Developing mobile application.
Blockchain integration-Q1 2019
Implementing blockchain smart contracts as core part of the shipping platform
Launch stage 1-Q2 2019
Launch of the global shipping platform
Marketing stage 1- Q2-Q4 2019
Year 2019 will be devoted to marketing and promoting the global shipping platform
Development stage 2-Q4 2019
Starting the development of an inland transport platform (Stage 2)
Launch stage 2-Q1 2020
Launch of inland transport platform
Marketing stage 2-Q2-Q4 2020
Marketing of the inland transport platform
Development stage 3-Q4 2020
Developing of the universal trading platform, directly connecting manufacturers, fleet owners and customers
Launch stage 3-Q2 2021
Launch of the all purpose cargo platform
Marketing stage 3-Q2-Q4 2021
Marketing of the all purpose cargo platform at stage 3
Development stage 4-Q4 2021
Development of air cargo platform
Launch stage 4-Q2 2022
Launch of the air cargo platform
Marketing stage 4-Q2-Q4 2022
Marketing of the air cargo platform
Development stage 5-Q4 2022
Development of supply chain platform connecting stages 1, 2 & 4 (shipping, inland and air transport)
Launch stage 5-Q2 2023
Launching of the integrated platform
Marketing stage 5-Q2-Q4 2023
Marketing of the integrated platform
- Chairman of the Advisory Board. CEO of Blockchain Ventures International; Executive Member, Blockchain Council; Adjunct Professor of International Corporate Finance at Russia’s Higher School of Economics; Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Lecturer, Moscow University of Finance & Law; CEO & Publisher, "Blockchain Daily News"; Member, Council on Foreign Relations
- Senior Editor at Irish Tech News, Editor in Chief at CryptoCoinNews, and freelances for Sunday Business Post, Irish Times, Southern Star, IBM, G+D, etc. Number 1/18000 ranked member of the ‘People of Blockchain. public speaker at events including TEDx, Web Summit, Dublin Tech Summit
- Anthony started at PricewaterhouseCoopers and then Rotschild & Co, Vice-President of Goldman Sachs and Vice-President of JPMorgan, before tackling the world of crypto trading and ICO investing. His pedigree in finance is unparalleled.
- Marine consultant working in Japan and Korea, Certified inspector (OCIMF SIRE, CDI & CMID), Auditor (OCIMF SIRE, CDI-IMPCAS, ISM, QHSSE, TMSA & MTMSA). PhD, MBA, MSC, AdvDip, Professor in Maritime Studies, Certified Blockchain Professional
- Joshua is investment advisor and has graduated from Pennsylvania State University. Joshua is a cyber security auditor and works in the field of penetration testing and software security.
- Co-Founder of Nauticus exchange, cryptocurrency entrepreneur with high level banking experience at ANZ, specializing in KYC, AML and CTF regulations as well as retail banking, merchant and eCommerce systems. An early investor in Bitcoin, he began his career as a marketing and sales manager for Playfair and Co.
- Vice President at China Merchants New Energy, part of China Merchants Group, owner of: Shekou Container Terminals, Modern Terminals Limited, China Merchants Shenzhen Xunlong Shipping Co., China Merchants Energy Shipping, Hong Kong Ming Wah Shipping, Hua Jiang Transportation Economic Development Center, International Marine Containers Group
- Asian Institute of Technology, PhD, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, MSc, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, BSc, University of Cologne, Germany
- Founder at GBPA (Global Blockchain Pioneers Association), Community Manager of Enlte's South America, a decentralized social network and representative of medicohealth.io in Brazil and Latin America and BirdChain in Brazil
- Vladimir is a passionate and enthusiastic entrepreneur with 10+ years' experience in business development, financial analytics and sales management. He is the Founder and CEO at Dylyver Technologies, a ride sharing and on demand package delivery platform. His specialties include: Big Data Management, Sales & Financial analytics, New Business Development and Blockchain.
- Duyen is Founder & CEO Extradecoin.com, Founder & CEO Tokenstart.io and has nearly 10 years of experience in trade, finance and technology.
- Ng is the founder and CEO of First Accountants, a CPA practice with locations across Melbourne, Australia. A Licensed Tax Agent and member of CPA Australia he founded Australian Education Connections and held roles at SalmonGiles/Davidsons, Smarts Home Finance and ResolutionsRTK
Cargo Technologies Limited is a registered company in England and Wales under the Companies Act 2006. Company number: 11234558. Registered office: 99 Bishopsgate, London EC2M 3XD, UK | <urn:uuid:4e30a602-d73f-4966-9e79-61eba516796c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecargocoin.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.871256 | 1,765 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Untitled (Primary Title)
Medici Slot Machine (Series Title)
Shadow box (Object Name)
“Shadow boxes become poetic theater or settings wherein are metamorphosed the elements of a childhood pastime.” —Joseph Cornell
Cornell began making his box-constructions in the 1930s. Over time, they have been associated with Surrealism, Assemblage, and even Pop Art. Cornell often supplemented a work’s found objects with imagery sourced from magazines, books, or other artists. Here a reproduction of Bronzino’s Renaissance portrait of Bia de’ Medici serves as the focal point. Around it, Cornell placed blocks and a scrap of pink ribbon. He may have chosen the image because of his fondness for children, as well as the connection between Bia, who died young, and his brother, Robert, who suffered from cerebral palsy. This box is considered unfinished; Cornell worked on multiple boxes simultaneously, often putting them in storage to resume work at a later date.
Some object records are not complete and do not reflect VMFA's full and current knowledge. VMFA makes routine updates as records are reviewed and enhanced. | <urn:uuid:0a57dfbb-e307-4a29-b26d-3bdc7b8a5728> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vmfa.museum/piction/6027262-10028325/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965287 | 244 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Aims—To establish whether the ectopic expression of CCN3 (NOV) in glioma cells can interfere with their tumorigenic potential and assess its potential value in molecular medicine.
Methods—Glioma cell lines were used to assess whether differences in the degree of intracellular communication induced by the expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) is related to the differential expression of CCN3 (NOV). The antiproliferative activity of rat CCN3 (rCCN3; NOV) in glioma cells, has been assessed both in vitro and in vivo with glioma cell lines expressing different amounts of CCN3 (NOV).
Results—Upon ectopic expression of Cx43, the growth of C6 glioma cells is decreased. An increase of CCN3 (NOV) expression matches the reduced tumorigenic potential of these transfected cells. The localisation of CCN3 (NOV) is affected by the increased expression of Cx43 in the Cx-13 transfected cells, in which it is detected at areas of cell–cell contact. In a xenograft model, CCN3 (NOV) transfected glioma cells were found to induce tumours to a lesser degree than their parental counterparts, which do not express detectable amounts of CCN3 (NOV).
Conclusions—Previous observations had suggested an inverse relation between CCN3 (NOV) expression in glioma cells and their tumorigenicity. These results establish a direct association between the establishment of functional gap junctional intercellular communication and the expression of rCCN3 (NOV). In addition to a negative effect on murine and human cell growth, CCN3 (NOV) has antiproliferative activity on tumour cells in vivo. Thus, the antiproliferative activity of the CCN3 (NOV) protein might involve reorganisation of cellular contacts that play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. The antiproliferative activity of CCN3 (NOV) established in this work sets the stage for the potential use of CCN proteins in molecular oncology.
- human glioma
- extracellular matrix
- connexin 43
- gap junctional intercellular communication
Statistics from Altmetric.com
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.
- human glioma
- extracellular matrix
- connexin 43
- gap junctional intercellular communication
The CCN3 (NOV) gene1 was originally isolated as a target site for myeloblastosis associated virus in avian nephroblastoma, which is a unique animal model of the Wilms's tumour.2 It is a member of the CCN family of genes,3 which encode multimodular regulatory secreted proteins reported to play roles in fundamental biological processes, such as cell attachment and proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and development.4–6
In addition to the three prototypic founding members (CYR61 (cysteine rich), CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), and NOV (nephroblastoma overexpressed)), three other CCN proteins (WISP1–3 (Wnt induced secreted proteins)) have also been described in humans.7–10 Further to a recent nomenclature proposal (First International Workshop on the CCN Family of Genes), these proteins are now designated under the CCN acronym, with numerals corresponding to the chronology of their discovery. Four structural modules sharing partial identity with insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, the Von Willebrand factor type C repeat, thrombospondin type 1 repeat, and the C-terminal portion of several extracellular growth factors have been recognised in the CCN proteins.3 Despite their similar multimodular architecture and conservation of 38 cysteines, the CCN proteins exhibit distinctive biological properties,4–6,11 which might result from different combinatorial events.6 Therefore, it appears that the CCN proteins are capable of stimulating or inhibiting cellular growth in normal conditions, depending upon their cellular localisation and time of expression.6
The human CCN3 (hCCN3; NOV) protein is widely detected in the developing human embryo,12 with an expression pattern partially overlapping that of other CCN family members.4–6 The association of hCCN3 (NOV) with the extracellular matrix,12,13 and the interaction of hCCN3 (NOV) with fibulin 1C,14 both suggest that hCCN3 (NOV) plays a role in cell attachment signalling. The induction of cell quiescence15 and cell growth arrest1 by chicken CCN3 (NOV) and the stimulatory effects of hCCN3 (NOV) on NIH3T3 cell growth16 account for hCCN3 (NOV) expression both in terminally differentiating and actively proliferating cells.
Because hCCN3 (NOV) expression is tightly correlated with the development of the human nervous system,17 and hCCN3 (NOV) protein is detected along neuronal axon processes within human kidney,18 we questioned whether abnormal expression of this protein might be associated with brain tumour biology. Our previous observations indicated that glioma and astrocytoma cells that expressed the highest amounts of CCN3 (NOV) were those exhibiting the least aggressive phenotype,19 suggesting an inverse relation between tumorigenicity of these tumour cells and CCN3 (NOV) expression, a conclusion consistent with the antiproliferative properties of CCN3 (NOV).
In our present study, we examined whether the expression of the rat CCN3 (rCCN3; NOV) correlated with the degree of cell–cell communication induced by the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43), and investigated the antiproliferative activity of hCCN3 (NOV) in glioma cells, both in vitro and in vivo.
Materials and methods
DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY AND SEQUENCING
To identify differentially expressed RNA species, we used the Genomyx Hieroglyph mRNA profile system (Genomyx Corp, San Francisco, California, USA) and the GenomyxLRTM DNA sequencer. A 200 ng sample of total RNA was treated with DNAse I (Gibco, Cergy Pontoise, France), and the reverse transcription was performed with 10 different 3′ primers consisting of T7 partial sequence followed by T12 and two anchored bases in different combinations, according to recommended procedures. Reverse transcribed duplicate RNA samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications using the same anchored 3′ primer and different 5′ arbitrary primers and using cold dNTPs, 33P-dATP, AmpliTaq DNA polymerase, and PCR buffer containing 15mM MgCl2. The PCR products were separated on a 4.5% urea polyacrylamide gel, which was exposed to x ray film and differentially displayed bands selected and excised from the gels. These samples were re-amplified with M13 reverse (24 mer) and T7 primers in a secondary PCR reaction using AmpliTaq gold (Perkin Elmer Cetus, Foster City, California, USA). Some of the resulting products were separated on low melting point agarose gels to produce radiolabelled probes for northern blot analysis, and the remaining reamplified products were treated with alkaline phosphatase and exonuclease I and then bidirectionally sequenced.
CNBrSepharose (Pharmacia, San Quentin en Yvelines, France) was swollen in 10 ml 1mM HCl and washed with 200 ml of the same solution before transfer into 0.8 × 4 cm Poly-Prep chromatography columns (BioRad, Marnes la Coquette, France). The volume of the gel in the column was routinely 3.5 ml. A total of 3.8 mg K19M peptide18 was dissolved in 5 ml 0.1M NaHCO3 containing 0.5M NaCl and mixed with the CNBr gel within the column, by gentle rotation on a spinning wheel for two hours at room temperature.
The column was washed five times with 3 ml of 0.1M NaHCO3 containing 0.5M NaCl and with 3 ml of 0.1M Tris/HCl (pH 8.0). After resuspending the gel in 5 ml of 0.1M Tris/HCl (pH 8.0), the column was rotated for 90 minutes at room temperature and washed three times with 5 ml of 0.1M acetate buffer (pH 4.0), 0.5M NaCl; 5 ml of 0.1M Tris/HCl (pH 8.0), 0.5M NaCl; and 3 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4).
For purification of the anti-hCCN3 (NOV) antibodies, a 2 ml sample of anti-K19M antiserum (diluted with 1 ml PBS) was used to resuspend the gel and incubated on the rotating wheel for one hour at room temperature. After collecting the flow through, the column was washed twice with 40 ml of PBS. The bound antibodies were eluted with 5 × 3 ml of 0.2M glycine (pH 2.7) and collected in tubes containing 0.3 ml 1M Tris (pH 11.0).
For desalting, the 3 ml samples of each bound fraction were loaded on to a PD-10 column (Pharmacia). Once the flow through was discarded, the proteins were eluted with 3.5 ml of 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Purification of IgGs was performed on a HiTrap protein A column (Pharmacia). After washing the column five times with 1 ml of 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), the bound fractions (K19M-AF-BFs) were loaded as 1 ml samples and the column was washed with 5× 1 ml PBS. The bound IgGs were eluted with 5 × 1 ml 0.1M citric acid (pH 3.0) in test tubes containing 0.3 ml 1M Tris (pH 8.0), and their specificity was checked by western blotting.20
Rabbit anti-rCCN3 (NOV) polyclonal antibodies have been described previously.21
IMMUNOBLOTTING OF CCN3 (NOV) CONTAINED IN CONDITIONED CELL CULTURE MEDIUM
For hCCN3 (NOV) detection, 1 ml fractions of conditioned media were collected from P60 plates with cells growing in monolayer and mixed with 50 μl of a 50% heparin sepharose slurry in PBS. After an overnight incubation at 4°C on a rotating wheel the sepharose beads were centrifuged at 23 000 ×g for 30 seconds, boiled for 10 minutes in sample buffer, and the dissolved proteins were electrophoresed on 15% Tris/HCl precast gels (BioRad), before transfer on to PVDF membranes (Millipore, San Quentin en Yvelines, France). Blots were incubated with affinity purified K19 anti-CCN3 (NOV) polyclonal antibody (1/500) for one hour in standard buffer (1× Tris buffered saline (TBS), 5% non-fat dry milk, 0.1% Tween 20). After washing, the blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidase labelled goat antirabbit IgG (1/5000) (Biorad) for one hour, and detected by enhanced Chemiluminescence (Amersham, les Ulis, France).
The G59 cells were originally isolated and provided by Dr M Westphal. The G59W540 cells expressing hCCN3 (NOV) were isolated in B Perbal's laboratory. They were stably transfected by means of the pCMV82nov vector.18 The rat C6 and human U87-MG glioma cells were cultured under standard conditions. All cells were maintained at 37°C in 5% CO2 using DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 1% streptomycin and penicillin. Growth curves were performed by plating 5 × 104 cells into tissue culture plates and counting cells with a haemacytometer at the indicated days. The Cx43-13 C6 transfected cells were obtained and maintained as described previously.22
G59W and G59W540 xenografts were grown in the hindlimbs of 6–8 week old athymic female nude mice (Frederick Cancer Research Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA) by subcutaneous inoculation of 5 × 106 cells suspended in 100 ml PBS. Tumours were allowed to grow for 11–15 days to a mean (SD) volume of 470.3 (28.1) mm3 (n = 51). At day 0, initial tumour volume was determined by direct measurement using calipers. Subsequently, tumour volume was determined two to three times each week. Based on the day 0 tumour volume, mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups such that the mean volume of each treatment group was approximately equal. The care and treatment of experimental animals was in accordance with institutional guidelines. Data are reported as per cent of original (day 0) tumour volume and plotted as fractional tumour volume (SEM).
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF VESSELS
Xenografts were surgically resected, snap frozen in OCT compound, and 4 μm sections were cut and mounted on poly-L-lysine coated slides. Sections were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde (MeOH free) (Polysciences, Warrington, Pennsylvania, USA). After blocking with goat serum, and quenching endogenous peroxidase activity, slides were incubated at 4°C overnight with rat antimouse CD31 monoclonal antibody (Pharmingen, San Diego, California, USA), titred to 0.1 μg/ml. The sections were incubated for 25 minutes at 37°C with rabbit antirat IgG biotinylated secondary antibody (2 μg/ml) (Vector, Burlingame, California, USA), which had been preabsorbed with 1% normal human serum (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, Pennsylvania, USA). Appropriate negative controls were performed with rat IgG2a isotype control (Pharmingen), CD31 monoclonal antibody alone, and secondary antibody alone. ABC Vectastain Standard Elite (Vector) was applied and the sections were developed with the Vector DAB kit. Each slide was counterstained with a solution (0.03%) of light green SF yellowish (Fisher, Itasca, Illinois, USA). One investigator who was blinded to the treatment groups read the slides. Based on the size of the tumour section, three non-necrotic, high power fields (×400) at the tumour periphery were examined using the Nikon Microphot-FX microscope equipped with a Sony digital camera. Vessels were counted using Macintosh Image Pro-Plus software. The mean vessel count was determined for each tumour section.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF NECROSIS
Sections (4 μm) were cut from OCT blocks and mounted on poly-L-lysine coated slides. Sections were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde (MeOH free), stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and examined for total necrosis/tissue section. One investigator who was blinded to the treatment groups read the slides. The entire tumour section was scanned (×40) and three high power fields were examined for necrosis. The mean per cent necrosis was determined for each tumour section.
The expression of rCCN3 (NOV) is induced upon gap junctional coupling in rat glioma cells. Rat C6 glioma cells show both decreased concentrations of the gap junction protein Cx43 and limited intercellular communication.23 There is evidence to suggest that reduced cell–cell communication by gap junctions found in cancer cells accounts, in part, for their tumour characteristics.24 Several studies have linked aberrant gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in tumours, downregulation of GJIC by cancer causing agents or genes, and upregulation of GJIC by inhibitors of carcinogenesis.24 In addition, the introduction and overexpression of connexin cDNAs in tumour cells suppresses the growth and/or tumorigenicity of many transformed cells. We have shown that transfection and expression of Cx43 in C6 glioma cells suppresses growth.22
To determine whether the expression of growth control genes could be altered by gap junctional coupling, we pursued a differential display strategy (fig 1). Changes in gene expression between control rat C6 glioma cells and C6 cells transfected with Cx43 were previously detected.25 Using this approach, we determined that some members of the CCN gene family were upregulated. We specifically examined rCCN3 (NOV) expression in C6 glioma cells and transfectants. Whereas rCCN3 (NOV) mRNA species could not be detected by northern blot analysis in C6 glioma cells, they were readily detected in the Cx-13 cell clone, which expresses high amounts of Cx43 and GJIC (fig 2). Immunocytochemical analysis revealed rCCN3 (NOV) to be localised in the cytoplasm and at areas of cell–cell contact in the Cx-13 cells. In contrast, non-transfected parental C6 cells displayed only nuclear staining (fig 3).
EXPRESSION OF CCN3 (NOV) IN HUMAN GLIOMA CELLS MODULATES THEIR TUMORIGENIC POTENTIAL
We had established previously that G59W human glioma cells do not express detectable amounts of hCCN3 (NOV).19 Because the results obtained in C6 glioma cells (see above) indicated that the expression of CCN3 (NOV) was upregulated under increased gap junctional intercellular communication, we compared the growth properties and tumorigenic potential of G59W and G59W540 cells. Concentrations of secreted hCCN3 (NOV) were confirmed by immunoblotting of conditioned medium obtained from cells (fig 4). Cells expressing hCCN3 (NOV) (G59W540) showed reduced growth when compared with cells not expressing hCCN3 (NOV) (fig 5). This difference occurred during the exponential phase of growth. The calculated doubling time was 18 hours for the parent cell line and 23 hours for the hCCN3 (NOV) expressing cell line (G59W540). Cell lines expressing intermediate amounts of hCCN3 (NOV) showed corresponding intermediate growth levels (data not shown). We studied whether differences in cell cycle distribution would reflect this change in growth but no significant difference in cell cycle ratios was observed (not shown).
hCCN3 (NOV) overexpression in vitro appeared to have a modest effect upon cell growth, therefore we decided to investigate whether its expression affected the growth of tumours in a xenograft model. The growth of tumours in animals requires a host of additional events such as angiogenesis, invasion of host tissues, and interactions with normal surrounding cells. In nude mice bearing G59W tumours, the tumours reached a volume of 250 mm3 after 40 days (fig 6). In comparison, the animals bearing G59W540 tumours (producing hCCN3 (NOV)) failed to demonstrate any visible growth until at least day 20. Thereafter, tumour growth remained at a plateau, less than 100 mm3, until the end of the study (day 50). The maximal time of tumour growth occurred in G59W cells 30 days after tumour implantation, suggesting that hCCN3 (NOV) inhibits the later development of tumours beyond a threshold size. In addition, 70–80% of mice injected with cells expressing low amounts of hCCN3 (NOV) developed tumours, whereas only 30% of mice injected with cells expressing high amounts of hCCN3 (NOV) developed tumours. Immunohistological examination of the excised tumours and measurement of vascular density by CD31 positive cell counts did not demonstrate an increase in vascularity in the hCCN3 (NOV) expressing tumours (not shown).
Deciphering the molecular basis for the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells has been and remains a very promising avenue in oncology research for the development of new treatments.
Normal cell growth and development require a complex network of communication with surrounding cells, the control of which is dependent upon many different types of regulatory ligands and proteins. The discovery of the CCN family of secreted cell growth regulators has shed new light on some aspects of cell growth regulation. The CCN1 (CYR61) and CCN2 (CTGF) proteins are positive effectors of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor β, and recent observations indicate that their activity is mediated through interactions with integrins αvβ3, αIIbβ3, and α6β1.26–28 CCN3 (NOV) was the first example of a CCN member exhibiting a negative effect on cell growth when ectopically expressed as a full length protein. However, the overexpression of full length CCN3 (NOV) in avian and human tumours is frequently seen,1,6 and the addition of recombinant CCN3 (NOV) protein to NIH3T3 cells was reported to stimulate their growth.16 It therefore appears that the functions of the CCN3 (NOV) proteins might be dependent upon the cellular context in which they are expressed. Similar conclusions could be drawn from results obtained with the CCN4 (ELM1/WISP1) and CCN5 (rCOP1/WISP2/CTGFL) proteins,6 the biological activities of which were found to be cell type dependent. Based on these observations, it was proposed that the spatiotemporal control of CCN protein function might be dependent upon distinct combinatorial events, based on the bioavailability of different interacting partners.6
To determine whether the CCN3 (NOV) protein might be useful as a tool in molecular medicine, we have initiated studies aimed at establishing more precisely the biological properties of this protein in tumour cells.
The choice of glioblastomas as a model for studying the antiproliferative potential of CCN3 (NOV) was based upon the initial observation that in glioma and astrocytoma cell lines established from a panel of several human tumours, hCCN3 (NOV) expression was inversely correlated with the tumorigenic potential of the cells.19 This observation, and the previous results that we obtained suggesting that CCN3 (NOV) may act as a negative regulator of cell growth,1,15 led us to investigate more thoroughly the relation between CCN3 (NOV) and tumorigenicity.
Our present results establish that in addition to a negative activity on murine and human cell growth, CCN3 (NOV) also has an antiproliferative effect on tumour cells in vivo.
Although many factors contribute to the transformed phenotype, it has been proposed that the increased growth rate of tumour cells is a direct consequence of the reduction of functional gap junctions in these cells. Indeed, the relation between GJIC and growth rate is well documented,24 and it appears that loss of GJIC might be crucial in the acquisition of metastatic potential. Our results indicate that there is a relation between the establishment of functional GJIC and the expression of rCCN3 (NOV), and suggest that the antiproliferative activity of this protein might involve reorganisation of cellular contacts. Immunofluorescence experiments performed with MDCK cells transfected with pCMV82nov revealed that the hCCN3 (NOV) expressed by these cells localised as patches at the surface (G Chevalier et al, 1997, unpublished). Experiments in progress should establish whether there is a direct interdependence between the formation of gap junctions and the expression of CCN3 (NOV).
The mechanism by which CCN3 (NOV) exercises its negative effect upon the growth of tumour cells in vivo remains to be established at the molecular level. Our present results suggest that CCN3 (NOV) interferes with maintenance, rather than establishment, of the tumour state. The late stages in tumour development require increased angiogenesis. Earlier studies indicated that two members of the CCN family, namely murine CCN1 (CYR61) and CCN2 (FISP12), were potent angiogenesis inducers.29,30
We have reported previously that hCCN3 (NOV) also interacts with fibulin 1C,14 an extracellular protein believed to play a key role in the regulation of cell attachment. The inverse relation that exists between the concentrations of mRNA encoding these two proteins had already suggested that the expression of hCCN3 (NOV) induces, directly or indirectly, the downregulation of fibulin 1C expression.6,14 Fibulin 1C itself binds to components of the extracellular matrix such as fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, and fibrinogen. Therefore, it could be hypothesised that CCN3 (NOV) affects the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix through intermediary molecules, such as fibulin 1C. Thus, hCCN3 (NOV) could represent a class of tumour suppressor gene that negatively regulates events (such as migration) that require cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, and thereby cell proliferation of anchorage dependent cells. We have reported previously that CCN3 (NOV) is a marker of differentiation in several tumour types, such as Wilms's tumours and musculoskeletal tumours,6,14 and a marker of poor prognosis in other tumours, such as renal cell carcinoma31 and Ewing's tumours6 (Manara et al, 2001, unpublished). Our demonstration that the secreted form of CCN3 (NOV) may suppress tumour growth opens up the possibility of CCN3 (NOV) as a potentially effective anticancer agent.
We thank Professor M Westphal for providing the G59W cells, Dr P Ellis for providing the antirat CCN3 (NOV) antibody, and Dr H Yeger for critical reading of the manuscript. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr B Roizman for support and helpful discussions. M Laurent is acknowledged for technical assistance with cell cultures. These studies were supported in part by grants from the ARC and the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (Comités du Cher et de l'Indre) to B Perbal, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-14358) to CC Naus. | <urn:uuid:b9cfbec5-b779-4077-a112-9a5e27d64bc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mp.bmj.com/content/54/5/293 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935446 | 5,903 | 1.5625 | 2 |
There are some cost effective ways to teach yourself Google Ads and learn at your…
Does running Google Ads help SEO? That’s an important question that many people have been asking over the years. The short answer is NO. Google Ads advertising doesn’t help Search Engine Optimisation (SEO).
Running campaigns and ads in your Google Ads account, that appear on Google, will not help you rank higher for your keywords naturally in the SEO listings.
Unfortunately many businesses have been misled by some agencies regarding the benefits of advertising on Google and how it helps with boosting natural search results. And they do that to sell more services to their clients.
As you may be aware, Google Ads is a pay per click (PPC) advertising platform, so you pay for every click that you get on your ads. And it’s also Google’s primary revenue driver bringing in over 80% of revenue in 2021 at about $209 billion.
But this is different for SEO, which drives free traffic to your website. So you’re not charged when people click your Organic listings.
Both are very important to your marketing strategy, but they differ in many ways like costs, setup, time frames, targeting, control and more.
Why some people believe Google Ads helps SEO:
1. Some notice an increase in organic traffic
Some people have noticed an increase in their organic traffic after having advertised for some time.
This is because advertising in Google Ads helps to increase brand awareness and so many people will start searching with the brand name and domain name on Google and then click the organic listings.
And Google does not show search results for organic clicks and so it’s not always clear which searches are driving these clicks.
2. Both are Google platforms
Naturally a lot of people believe that Google Ads does help SEO because both appear in the search engine results and are sometimes ranked on similar factors like keywords and relevance.
The ads appear at the top of the SEO listings and some will be at the bottom. And many people cannot tell the difference between the two.
But the ads are labelled ‘ads’ or ‘sponsored’ and are never included with SEO listings. They are always separate as described above.
3. Both use keywords
Keyword research is an important part of advertising in the Google ad results and also to appear in the SEO results.
So, many people think they are very similar because of this, and that they work in the same way except one is paid and the other is not.
But Google Ads and SEO are very different when you look behind the scenes to see how you can rank on both. The former is an auction system with advertisers bidding for positions and paying for clicks. Whereas with SEO you have to optimise your website and acquire links to appear at the top for your chosen keywords.
Also, with Google Ads you need to create an account to create adverts and bid on keywords in campaigns you create. With SEO there is no account to create, and instead, you only work on your website to optimise your pages and also acquire relevant links through off-page optimisation.
Google Ads and SEO are different channels and neither impacts the other. So, creating a Google Ads account and advertising will not help your SEO efforts. But both are important for your search engine marketing strategy and you should work on both.
Get in Touch
I’m a Google Ads specialist and PPC expert with over 13 years experience setting up and managing PPC campaigns. Contact me below to find out about my services and for recommendations on how to implement an SEO strategy too. | <urn:uuid:3e68de46-8c13-4a23-a6d1-f31bc8e9fcd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mikencube.co.uk/does-running-google-ads-help-seo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953618 | 744 | 1.523438 | 2 |
THE 2018 EDISON AWARDS
By Elizabeth Dilts and Kristie Ceruti
BOUNDLESS INNOVATION has long been central to the advance, and indeed the very self-conception, of medicine and health care of every conceivable variety. Dentistry, of course, is no different. And although just how much our beloved profession still welcomes and promotes the grand experimentation that’s the lifeblood of discovery is a matter of some debate—see “Lights Out?”—what’s not really up for argument at all is that certain enlightened corners of our industry are populated by the tireless tinkerers who move dentistry forward one development at a time.
Fifteen of those innovations, and the men and women responsible for them, are what we celebrate here. For the fourth year running, Incisal Edge has partnered with the Edison Awards to honor the top new products and most impressive advances dentistry has seen over the past year.
The ingenuity in evidence here was perhaps never bettered than by Thom- as Alva Edison, the awards’ namesake, but today’s dental pioneers nonetheless bring their inquisitive nature and fearsome intellect to the project of solving some of today’s most vexing conundrums: How to deliver safe, effective anesthetic in a manner that is itself not painful. How to make the patient experience of the maligned root canal better. Even how to improve upon the quotidian surgical mask, a product whose evolution seems to have stalled out back when Edison himself was in diapers.
Whatever the overall condition of dental innovation—and we welcome your thoughts on that perennially barbed topic—the people and products on the pages that follow make up, in the aggregate, a remarkable portrait of restless dental innovation. Problems exist to be solved, after all—and that’s no less true in 2018 than it was in Thomas Edison’s prime a century ago. These inventors prove the point—and we suspect all of them are already hard at work on the procedure-easing, mouth-mending, even lifesaving inventions of tomorrow.
About the Edison Awards
SINCE 1987, the Edison Awards have recognized and honored some of the most innovative new products, services and business leaders in the world. The Awards are named for Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931), whose extraordinary new product- and market-development methods garnered him 1,093 patents and made him a household name around the world. The Edison Awards symbolize the persistence and excellence personified by Edison himself, while also strengthening the human drive for innovation, creativity and ingenuity.
Periogen Oral Rinse
The Periogen Company
Inventor: James “Doug” Andersen
Education: Degree in electrical engineering, DeVry University
WHO KNEW THE secret to getting rid of tartar could be found in chicken nuggets? That’s what James “Doug” Andersen discovered, through trial and error, a decade ago.
Conventional wisdom long held that tartar can’t be dissolved, only scraped. Andersen, who goes by Doug, suffered from tartar buildup and was about to return to his dentist for another painful deep cleaning. Instead of merely submitting to it, he dedicated himself to the study of plaque and tartar’s composition.
After years of testing homemade concoctions of natural food additives on “brave friends and relatives,” as Doug’s brother John Andersen says, he cracked the code: sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (a substance widely used in those delectable nuggets), sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and a bit of fluoride. Voilà—a rinse that safely and effectively dissolves tartar and plaque, helping patients prevent (and reverse) the effects of gingivitis at home.
“Periogen is a simple concept,” Doug says. “[Tartar] is inherently unstable and electrostatically attached to tooth surfaces. It wants to come off. Periogen is not much more than a water softener.”
Found in studies to be some 45 percent more effective at tartar removal than brushing alone, Periogen has built a small but dedicated following among American doctors and patients, as well as many in Asia, a hot market for home medical remedies. Cracks John, who’s now chief executive of the San Diego–based Periogen Company: “We grew by word of mouth—pun intended.”
3D Virtual Treatment-Plan Coordinator
Inventor: Bret Royal
Education: Bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics, Texas A&M University
IF A HOTEL CONCIERGE is someone who helps guide tourists’ decisions in an unfamiliar city, an Implant Concierge, perforce, is someone who guides dentists through every step of the complex and sometimes unfamiliar process of treatment planning and implant surgery.
Bret Royal, founder and chief executive of Implant Concierge, launched the company four years ago in San Antonio after recognizing that clients of his CBCT imaging centers needed assistance navigating the highly fragmented process of implant treatment planning. He’d help them obtain high- quality scans, get those scans interpreted by board-certified radiologists and prepare surgical guides for them.
Now Implant Concierge has become an online portal that helps dentists do all that, as well as track a given patient case from start to finish. “All the dentist has to do is input what teeth are missing and what implants they want to make,” Royal says. “We lay out all the steps for them.”
The dentist first uploads a CBCT scan and a diagnostic cast or intraoral impression. Implant Concierge then converts the 3D DICOM data, prepares the diagnostic treatment plan and, after a web conference between the dentist and one of Royal’s 40 staffers, 3D-prints a patient-specific surgical guide—tailored to the equipment in the practice where the surgery will be done—and sends it to the dentist.
It’s essentially “a virtual employee,” Royal says—one that gives dentists the full confidence they need to complete a successful procedure. “The surgery is more precise, and the implant is placed in the ideal restorative position,” Royal adds. “It gives dentists a lot more precision, and patients a much better outcome.”
Individualized Digital Esthetic Workflow
Paul Zhivago, DDS
Inventor: Paul Zhivago
Education: DDS, New York University College of Dentistry
PARK AVENUE IN Manhattan is home to (among others, of course) the extraordinarily well-heeled, who want only the best appurtenances of a luxurious life: the top-ranked private schools, the most well-appointed health clubs and—naturally—the finest dental practices.
So when prosthodontist Dr. Paul Zhivago introduces patients at his Park Avenue office to the technology he uses to make digital impressions, he has a great line: “I use software that’s used [to create] the dragons of ‘Game of Thrones’ and various characters from Marvel Studios.” Last year, attending a convention in Los Angeles, he met some of these television-and-movie digital- and special-effects artists. “I was amazed at what they can do with it,” he says. “They were surprised I use it for dentistry.”
#Humblebrag? Well, yes—but Dr. Zhivago (whose name, clearly, isn’t the only Hollywood thing about him) has earned the right to boast a little. Having appeared on the cover of Incisal Edge’s 2017 Edison Awards issue, he’s back, this time with the Individualized Digital Esthetic Workflow, his invention that harnesses the brilliance of CGI software for dental purposes.
Using a 21-inch Mac monitor, a stylus and Zbrush software, Dr. Zhivago says he can “sculpt in a three-dimensional environment” what a patient’s mouth would ideally look like post-op. Creating such an image with someone present in the chair, he says, dramatically alters the doctor-patient dynamic, making the latter feel much more like a participant in the restoration. “We can remodel and change the wax-ups chairside,” he notes. “The patient is more actively involved and can give instant feedback.”
Dr. Zhivago teaches the workflow to his prosthodontic students at NYU Dental, his alma mater. It’s best for demanding restorations. “The level of detail I can achieve is unmatched by any digital-dental software at this point,” he says.
After he finishes showing a patient how CGI technology can beautify his mouth, Dr. Zhivago makes a 3D print of the design for the patient to take home—just a little bit of Tinseltown magic crafted in the comfort his Park Avenue practice.
Inventor: Todd Korup
Education: Self-taught artist and designer
TOPICAL FLUORIDE application has been trudging slowly into the twenty-first century, leaving behind those bulky Styrofoam trays that patients of (ahem) a certain age remember well. Starting a decade or so ago, hygienists began channeling their inner Bob Ross, taking a painterly approach by holding a fluoride palette in one hand and a brush in the other.
They’re sure to rejoice over the new Varnish Pen from Young Dental, based in Algonquin, Illinois, northwest of Chicago. Why? It gives them back the use of their other hand. Now, with a single hand, they can apply a smooth, semi-liquid fluoride varnish to teeth merely by pressing a button on top of the pen.
“The beauty of Varnish Pen is in its simplicity,” says Steve Wright, director of global marketing for Young Dental and a member of the Varnish Pen innovation team. “Most clinicians can pick the product up, never having used it before, and intuitively know how it works.” It’s 50 percent faster than traditional fluoride application, and a heck of a lot less messy.
Patients will notice better flavors and the thinner, smoother feel of Varnish Pen’s fluoride formula, Wright says. “Traditional fluorides could discolor teeth, and the thick application can have the patient leaving the office feeling, as one hygienist once told me, ‘like they’re wearing an itchy sweater on their teeth,’ ” he says. No more: After the nearly seven years his team spent on research, development and testing, Wright notes, 93 percent of dentists reported a better patient experience with the Varnish Pen. And hygienists can indulge their Bob Ross tendencies after hours.
360 Face Masks
Inventor: Alen Kwong
THE SURGICAL MASK dates to the 1890s, and seemingly hasn’t been updated since. Alen Kwong, head of business development for 360 Face Masks—made by Cranberry, a company in Pinole, California—puts forth a good question: Faces aren’t square. Why should masks be?
As such, the 360 is curved to fit the face’s natural contours. The shape holds close to the sides, cupping around the cheekbones and jaw—an improvement over standard masks, which pucker and bend, creating an opening for bacteria to escape. “We call it the 360,” Kwong says, “because it provides 360 degrees of protection.”
Full-face coverage is critical given that—as you’re well aware—just about every dental procedure imaginable involves at least some blood and saliva. The 360 mask’s four layers of fabric capture more than 99 percent of bacteria and other particles. To flatten a fresh mask to place in its package, Cranberry folds it along the round seam that runs from the bridge of the nose to below the chin. When popped open, the resulting structure is rigid enough to ensure it won’t collapse when the wearer inhales. When the wearer exhales, meanwhile, the mask’s anti-fog fabric around the mouth absorbs all that hot air.
The 360 is affordable, too: just pennies per unit more than traditional square masks. It’s therefore an affordable switch—unless your practice is full of blockheads and you don’t need to. But we’re pretty sure that’s not the case.
Pro-Sys Variosonic Power Toothbrush
Inventor: Richard Cohen
Education: B.S., New York University Stern School of Business
WORRIED ABOUT a potential recession? Benco Dental managing director Richard Cohen is. Not so much the economic variety, though—he’s mainly concerned with gum recession.
His noticing the incipient condition behind his own lips, as it happens, was the impetus for the two years of work his team dedicated to researching and developing the new Pro-Sys Variosonic. “I have sensitive gums, and I really worry about gum recession,” he says. “None of the brush heads out there cater to recession, and I’ve tried every power toothbrush under the sun.”
Hence this Pro-Sys, the first electric brush released under this particular Benco product line from the company’s headquarters in Pittston, Pennsylvania. It comes with five heads ranging from ultra-soft to firm, and a user can choose from among five speed settings. The range of speeds and bristle stiffness, Cohen says, ensure that anyone can find just the right combination.
Think of it like a Sleep Number mattress, he points out: The VarioSonic’s adjustable features enable everyone to find their “number.” (Cohen’s personal settings: the V180 extra-soft brush head at the brisk speed setting number 5.) “This is a brush for all mouths,” he says, “but also for people with sensitive gums.” You might not be able to do anything about the national economy, after all, but keeping your gums in shape will give you one fewer thing to be concerned about.
Inventor: Sargon Lazarof
Education: DDS, University of Southern California School of Dentistry
AROUND 20 PERCENT of Americans report a fear of needles and syringes. Such anxiety is so widespread, says Dr. Sargon Lazarof—inventor of NumBee, a needle-free anesthesia applicator—that it even affects a number of dentists themselves.
With that discontent in mind, Dr. Lazarof, based in Encino, California, first developed NumBee to treat his smallest patients—the children with the least experience in the dental chair. The applicator has a soft, pliable tip that’s inserted under the sulcus to create a seal; when the dentist presses a button on the tool’s handle, anesthetic is delivered directly to the tooth’s membrane and doesn’t spill over the lips or gums.
Another advantage: Unlike block anesthesia, NumBee deadens only one tooth at a time, so the whole-mouth hilarity that is a staple of dental anxiety need not follow. Dr. Lazarof notes that his patients often don’t realize he’s used the NumBee on a tooth, because the rest of their mouth feels normal.
The product has been a runaway success since its debut, especially with pediatric dentists, and Dr. Lazarof says NumBee can be attached to nearly any device for about the same cost as using the dreaded—ouch!—needle. “It’s ideal,” he notes, “for children and for general practice where you do a lot of individual fillings.”
Senior Mobile Dental
Inventor: Michelle Vacha
Education: B.S., Northern Arizona University
THROUGHOUT THE U.S., dentists and hygienists alike increasingly report a problematic inverse relationship between older patients and proper dental care. The older the patients, the greater their oral-health needs—yet they make dental appointments less and less frequently.
Registered dental hygienist Michelle Vacha observed this phenomenon herself while working at a private practice in Arizona. Her senior patients, she says, had a much harder time finding their way to see her. “The few who did, especially those living in nursing homes, were in such advanced states of disease and neglect, I could tell they weren’t getting their teeth brushed on a daily basis, let alone treated,” she says.
“I realized it would be much easier to bring my skills to them, where they live.”
That realization spurred Vacha to found Senior Mobile Dental, a nonprofit program that provides discounted oral care to seniors on-site at nursing homes and at two independent office locations run by Vacha.
Founded in 2007 and based in Colorado Springs—the Centennial State is one of 40 that permits hygienists to work without an accompanying dentist—Senior Mobile Dental now encompasses a traveling team of 15 employees, subcontractors and volunteers who treat patients in nursing homes throughout the area. Vacha’s group sets up shop inside long-term care or skilled-nursing facilities. Often, nearly everyone present in a standard practice will be there: dentist, hygienist, dental assistants, denture and X-ray technicians, even a receptionist.
The crew typically sees up to 10 patients a day, most of whom exhibit advanced oral decay. Vacha says that although her group aims to provide treatment such as extractions and denture fittings, many patients aren’t in good enough shape for such procedures and will instead choose palliative care to relieve their most uncomfortable symptoms. For these patients, Vacha’s team works to promote basic oral hygiene. Then, through Senior Mobile’s tele-dentistry, they’ll check in with their charges every one to three months to monitor and treat any subsequent pain or infection.
One patient in particular stands out in Vacha’s memory: a woman too embarrassed by her teeth to attend her granddaughter’s wedding a few weeks hence. Senior Mobile was able to get her shipshape, and when Vacha’s team visited her later for a follow-up, she had photos of the ceremony to show them. “She brought pictures of her with the bride,” Vacha says, beaming. “Two beautiful women celebrating the happiest day together.”
Sisu NextGen Mouthguard
Inventor: Sassa Akervall
Education: B.A., Lund University, Lund, Sweden
WHICH SPORT, from a dental standpoint, is the most dangerous? Football, perhaps—or surely hockey? It’s basketball. (All those elbows flying around, apparently. And have you felt how hard the court is?) According to the Journal of the American Dental Association, one of every 10 male professional hoops artists will experience a traumatic dental injury at some point while playing. Football ranks second, but distantly so: Just two of every 100 gridiron galoots will suffer such a fate. Helmets and face masks help, evidently.
Akervall Technologies, based in Saline, Michigan, knows the statistics, and its SISU NextGen Sports Mouth Guard just might be the most comfortable, least obtrusive such device on the market. It’s just 1.6 millimeters thick and made of non-compressible thermoplastic that absorbs and disperses impact handily. What’s more, its slender configuration enables an athlete to talk, breathe and even drink normally while wearing it.
Anyone more accustomed to the bulky, clunky mouthguards of yore might scoff. Yet Mathew Odigie, a Chicago-based Red Bull marketing director who runs the YouTube channel “I Know Football” (that’s soccer to you), swears by NextGen. He recently filmed an episode of his show while wearing one, and the difference in his enunciation and comprehensibility was negligible.
Akervall Technologies’ CEO, Sassa Akervall, is convinced SISU NextGen’s moment has arrived. “We were able to find a niche in the athletic market,” she said in a recent press release, “with a comfortable mouthguard that offers superior comfort and protection.” The Steph Currys of the world—or at least their weekend-warrior analogues—will surely thank her.
Kovanaze Nasal Spray
Inventors: St. Renatus’s team of oral-health experts
EVERYONE DREADS the moment when a needle- nervous patient has to get an anesthetic injection— including, of course, the dentist. (See also Biodent’s NumBee.) The patient’s uncomfortably wary expression, the apprehension, sometimes the outright terror—it all contributes to making what should be a routine restorative procedure a major ordeal, one the patient might well put off, to his considerable detriment, in the future.
Wouldn’t it be easier if you could simply say, “Take a quick sniff of this, and we’ll be ready”? (And aren’t rhetorical questions a hoot?)
Indeed it would. And so the team of experts at Fort Collins, Colorado–based St. Renatus—named, fittingly, after the patron saint of anesthesia—have developed the first FDA-approved nasal anesthetic to numb a patient’s maxillary arch without a needle. Kovanaze’s formula uses tetracaine and oxymetazoline, two elements common in nasal sprays, to numb teeth 5 through 12 with 96 percent effectiveness, and teeth 4 through 13 with 64 percent effectiveness. It can be used on any patient who weighs at least 40 kilograms, or about 88 pounds.
It takes just a moment to do its work, but it took St. Renatus 11 years to develop—a project that required the services of chemists, health-care professionals and regulatory experts alike. “By removing the need for injections in select procedures, we can help people overcome their fear of dentistry,” says Dr. Michael Smilanich, St. Renatus’s chief dental officer, “and complete the dental treatment they need.”
PrepSure Crown Prep Guide
Inventor: Daniel S. Kim
Education: DDS, Seoul National University, South Korea; prosthodontist training, Hangju Christian Hospital, South Korea
IF NECESSITY IS the mother of invention, uniqueness is right there in the family tree as well. Daniel Kim, a dentist in Vancouver, Washington, has been making his own tools for use on patients for most of the 30 years he’s been in practice.
“Every patient is different, and I have had to learn on my own how to do my best,” says Dr. Kim, who founded ContacEZ in 2007 to market his inventions. Over the years, he says, he’s often come to realize that “this tool is not only for me. Every dentist could use it.”
His latest invention, PrepSure, is a set of three instruments used to make sure that a patient has adequate occlusal clearance for a crown. Before, doctors had to rely on a mere visual guess, or ask a patient to bite on a piece of contact paper to identify how much of a tooth’s structure needed to be reduced. Studies have found that as much as 80 percent of crown preps do not have enough occlusal clearance— leaving a too-high one of every five procedures after which a crown is more likely to fracture or perforate.
“I’m confident that I’m a pretty good dentist,” Dr. Kim says. “But once in a while I’d get a call from the lab saying ‘Dr. Kim, the occlusal clearance is not enough.’ ” Since he developed PrepSure, those calls have ceased—saving him time and his patients the burden of another impression. “It’s very simple,” the doctor says of his latest brainstorm, “but it has huge benefits.”
Rapid Readout Attest System for Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide
3M Health Care
Inventors: 3M’s team of oral-health experts
INFECTIONS ARE no fun. They’re expensive as sin, too: Patients who contract an infection after a surgical procedure will spend an average of $60,000 to get better. Americans, in fact, spend $10 billion every year to treat infections, and since 2008, Medicare and Medicaid no longer reimburse costs associated with treating preventable health-care-associated infections.
For dentists, certitude that instruments destined for use in a patient’s oral cavity have been properly sterilized is—as the old credit-card ads used to say— priceless. Enter 3M Health Care’s new Rapid Readout Attest System for Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide. It hit the market (with the FDA’s blessing) last July, and it doesn’t just sterilize instruments; it also enables the user to turn back time.
Well, sort of. Rapid Readout lives up to its name, delivering biological indicator results for vaporized hydrogen-peroxide sterilization in just 24 minutes— that’s down from four hours, the time it used to take to get B.I. results with 3M’s Attest 1295 device.
Labs and oral-heath professionals rely on such biological indicators to tell them that a load of instruments in the sterilization chamber has been adequately cleaned. Rapid Readout kills all microorganisms present in under half an hour. It also links up, handily, with most current instrument-tracking software programs, enabling a practice to record and track the sterilization of each instrument load every time to ensure accuracy and consistency.
Shortening the time required to complete an important procedure from four hours to 24 minutes will save dentists and their teams time that can be measured in weeks over the course of a year, all with no reduction in quality. Which means total reduction of infection risk. Which means satisfied patients—and happy dentists.
Vivarra Patient Engagement App
Inventor: Micaela Blondin
Education: B.A., Alberta College of Art and Design, Calgary, Alberta
HARRIED PARENTS of crying, cranky children know that twenty-first-century technology can be a lifesaver—albeit very much a mixed blessing. Rarely, though, has a mobile tool worked quite as well to calm an overly anxious moppet as Vivarra’s new augmented-reality app will in the dental office.
All a patient has to do is hold his or her phone or tablet up to the mural-bedecked walls of a Vivarra-outfitted reception area, and a menagerie of lions and tigers and bears—oh my!—will spring to life, taking the nervous child on a rollicking adventure meant to be a distraction from one’s fears.
Vivarra’s app is the brainchild of digital-media designer Micaela Blondin, who originally created it for the young son of Vivarra’s founder, David Nolan. The younger Nolan has autism, and Blondin—who knew the boy loved Godzilla— designed an app for him that depicted the creature popping out of a piece of paper. “His son absolutely loved it, and played with the augmented-reality experience for weeks,” Blondin says, referring to the technology she used to make Godzilla seem to appear in three dimensions. “We knew then that we had something that could make medical environments less scary by giving children a magical experience.”
Designed with support from Imagination Dental Solutions, a company that decorates practices with toys and murals to enthrall young patients, Vivarra lets a dentist choose one of six themes: jungle, space, underwater, woodland, safari or beach. It then personalizes the app for the doctor’s particular office, incorporating their logo and other unique images, then providing illustrated materials and wall placards to hang or stick to the floor. Patients or their parents then download the app to be instantly swept away to an adventurous world that feels like it’s just for them—and that acts, the company notes, “like a primer for the child’s appointment.”
Based in Calgary, Alberta, Vivarra is currently testing the app at offices around the U.S. and Canada, and on its staffers’ children. Blondin says the company hopes to expand beyond dental into the offices of orthodontists, pediatricians and hospitals.
CS 8100SC 3D
Inventor: Stephane Varlet
Education: Valentine-Labbé High School, Lille, France
WHEN YOU MAKE one of the best 3D-imaging tools in the oral-heath-care industry, more people will want to use it. That simple truism is what led Stephane Varlet and his team in Marne-la-Vallée, France, just east of Paris, to develop the CS 8100SC, the newest member of Carestream Dental’s CS 8100 family of devices.
The older sibling to this new arrival, the CS 8100 3D system, was already a best- seller when Varlet and his team began research over two years ago. Varlet thought they could combine the state-of-the-art panoramic and CBCT capabilities of the CS 8100 3D system with the cephalometric module available in existing products: the CS 8100SC panoramic and cephalometric systems. With a combination of all those elements, the new CS 8100SC 3D “is made to meet the needs of the orthodontic market,” says Varlet, Carestream’s global product manager for extraoral imaging.
He likens it to the ease and futuristic user experience of a driverless car. “The only action you’d have to take is to click ‘start,’ and it drives you where you want to go in a safe, relaxing way,” he says. “[The CS 8100SC 3D] is an easy-to-use, affordable extraoral system that allows oral-health-care practitioners to acquire best-in-class images in a fast, accurate way for peace of mind.”
Inventors: Sonendo’s team of oral-health experts
“IT WAS VERY SCARY.” “Pain and discomfort.” “It was worse than childbirth.”
Boy, do root canals ever get a bad rap. Those sentiments were voiced by actual patients describing their feelings about the procedure, and they’re used by Laguna Hills, California– based Sonendo to help promote GentleWave System, its root-canal treatment.
GentleWave is a minimally invasive unit that uses closed- loop multisonic sound waves and sono-chemistry to send a cleaning solution deep into the roots of a tooth to remove 98 percent of tissue, debris, bacteria and biofilm. It then dissolves the tissue eight to 10 times faster than traditional methods, according to the journal Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics. It also cleans out bacteria left behind by ordinary techniques and preserves more of the original canal structure because, according to Sonendo, it only minimally shapes the canal’s sides.
Crucially, patients feel less pain as a result. According to Restorative Dentistry, just 3 percent of patients experienced post-treatment discomfort; the balance healed successfully with no additional treatment needed a year later. GentleWave comes with two sterile handpieces and a touch screen to guide you through the procedure—added reassurance that your root- canal patients, post-op, won’t be cursing you with complaints the way so many might otherwise be tempted to do.
THE INCISAL EDGE AWARDS
The 2018 Edison Awards ceremony takes place April 11 in New York, but we’re getting a jump with our carefully curated picks of the dozen top new dental products of the year.
XP Pro Thin Instruments
American Eagle Instruments
Are you dreaming that periodontal dream? XP Pro Thin instruments can make it blissful reality. If it sounds too good to be true, it usually is—unless facts and first-person evaluations tell a different tale. Such is the case with this instrumentation line, recently named Best Product, with a 4.9 out of 5 rating, by Dental Product Shopper.
Functional for both dentists and hygienists, these tools feature thinner blades and lighter handles for greater tactile sensitivity and better access to periodontal pockets. According to XP Pro, based in Missoula, Montana, its Sharpen- Free Instruments set obviates standard stainless or carbon instruments’ need for regular honing thanks to its proprietary process that hardens the stainless steel and protects it with a diamond-like layer.
Other attributes: The instruments adapt easily to a variety of tooth surfaces, and their lighter handles offer superior ergonomics. Superior durability, too: XP’s all-important “stroke test” showed that its tech dispatched 10 times the strokes with just one-tenth the wear. If only everything else you deal with every day—your clothes, your car, your spouse—could say the same. Can’t have everything, apparently.
Shields up! Prepare to help your patients defeat pain, protect their mouth and heal at home after dental procedures. (And just maybe save the world while they’re at it.) With its patented adjustable goose neck and specially designed tips in four sizes, Armor Dental’s Mouth Mate—as easy to use as a toothbrush—will protect weak spots in the ol’ food-hole from painful contact during brushing.
It’s versatile, too: After extractions, implants or bone grafts, the U-shaped tip is ideal; following wisdom-tooth or gum surgery, or to safeguard canker sores, the circular tip is on point. For periodontal procedures, biopsies and ortho patients? The oval tip (literally) has it covered.
Typically, patients have heretofore had few options to support their recovery at home. Now, though, Mouth Mate deputizes people to be their own best oral advocate, decreasing plaque and inflammation, reducing unplanned office visits and helping patients return to a normal routine all the faster.
Mouth Mate can also retract the inner cheek near challenged areas caused by plaque buildup or gingivitis, making it simpler to brush. It’s a parents’ helper, too, providing little hands with easier access and little eyes better visibility. And in a sense, improving kids’ oral health is saving the world. There’s nothing, it seems, that Mouth Mate can’t do.
Super Fiber Post
Need to feel bonded in a hurry? (And no, the sort of bind available via your Tinder app doesn’t count.) iLumi Super Fiber Posts offer compatibility to spare. Select “light” or “dual” before a procedure, and this root-canal post—introduced by the fiber-optics specialists at northern Virginia–based iLumi Sciences—provides a time-saving solution with a predictably secure bond.
Touting more than 5x radiopacity for extra detail and X-ray visibility, as well as unparalleled light transmission, the post generates a more complete polymerization of resin cement than its competitors. At the root of its capabilities: fracture reduction based on a low modulus of elasticity. Color-coded stoppers on each of six sizes indicate the necessary diameter and demarcation. It’s made in the U.S. and is non-corrosive. It’s also bio-compatible—and how many of those Tinder right-swipes can you say that about?
TPH Spectra ST Universal Composite
The bust of Nefertiti. Michelangelo’s David. Rodin’s Thinker. And now—hey, why not?—your next restoration can be museum-worthy, too. The TPH Spectra Universal Composite from Dentsply Sirona recognizes that sculpting a work of art requires versatile handling.
The proprietary method behind its composite- filler technology, SphereTEC, is, frankly, a work of art in itself. Manufacturing micro-scaled spherical superstructures from sub-micron glass might sound dauntingly scientific, but aesthetics and handling go, well, hand in
hand with the composite’s durability. Both high and low viscosity accommodate personal preference and placement-technique efficiency; it achieves complete coverage of the 16-shade VITA range with just five shades. It polishes to a high gloss, too, and offers excellent stain resistance. And now we’d like to challenge somebody to make the case that your work doesn’t belong in the Louvre. Anyone?
Practice GPS Navigator
Full speed ahead. All bases covered. Expectations exceeded.
Sound enticing? Sure does—and the team at Sikka Software bases its services on the understanding that every successful business, whatever the industry, must overcome its missed opportunities and wasted time to end up happily in the profitability zone.
Working through Practice GPS Navigator, then, Sikka gives every dental practice a real-time dashboard with quick access to a variety of KPIs, or key performance indicators, to help you take immediate action: Increase hygiene opportunities, track insurance coverage, easily tabulate daily production and collection totals against benchmarks, fill open appointment slots via smart text and email targeting.
It’s smart all the way down, in fact: Sikka offers compatibility with all practice-management systems, and securely encrypts patient data (unlocked only via your unique credentials) for 100 percent HIPAA compliance. Get Sikka, and get set: Management of your practice will never be easier, or more reliable.
The next generation of nano-hybrid universal composites won’t materialize at your practice with a Lasso of Truth in tow, but Harmonize might as well be Wonder Woman, with an unbeatable combo of strength, resilience and aesthetics making up one invincible package.
There is, we feel honor-bound to note, one exception: Whereas a butt-kicking Amazon warrior goddess tends to stand out in a crowd, Harmonize’s superior blending capabilities will, as the product’s name implies, have your patients wondering where exactly the restoration ends and their tooth begins.
A unique nanoparticle filler network refracts and diffuses light for a close resemblance to enamel; KaVo’s ProGloss will then deliver a supreme, consistent polish. Easier sculpting and holding power without stickiness, meanwhile, save vital time during the trimming and finishing phase. Harmonize’s signature Adaptive Response Technology certainly sounds like a superpower to us. Even better: No tiara required.
Greased Lightning, John Travolta’s hot wheels in “Grease,” might have been automatic, systematic and hydromatic, but it sure wasn’t ElectroMatic. Or certainly ElectroMatic Premium—KaVo, you see, has cornered the market on that particular attribute. This all- in-one device easily adapts a delivery system to use electric handpieces. It’s available with one or two motors for powerful performance and integrated endodontic function, plus easy toggling between low and high speeds. Preprogrammed file systems, meanwhile, make it a cinch to plan and customize endo sequences.
It all works like a dream, but will the ElectroMatic Premium—unlike Danny and Kenickie’s gravity-defying pompadours and daddy-o argot—stand the test of time? Its scratch-resistant Dragontrail glass display with color touch screen is six times harder than standard glass, and its easy-to-clean surface will keep it looking good for years to come. On the downside, it’s not a whole lot of fun at the drive-in. But perhaps KaVo is working on that.
If crucial patient information and all other files critical to your practice evaporated tomorrow, how quickly would you need them restored? More importantly, would you even be able to do so? NovaStor recognizes that any period your data is missing feels like eternity, so it recovers a breathtaking four times faster than its nearest competitor. Its NovaBackup provides secure, military-grade 256-bit AES encryption (that’s Advanced Encryption Standard if you couldn’t crack the code) to ensure your data is protected at all times.
NovaStar’s expertise runs the gamut; it has developed end-to-end protections systems for small- and medium-sized companies, government institutions and local data centers across a number of industries. Which is all well and good—but it’s your patient and practice info that truly matters, and NovaStor’s installation assistance and U.S.-based support ensure that your most precious collection of 1’s and 0’s will never go missing again.
REPLY C TO CONFIRM. TEXT HELP FOR ASSISTANCE. PRESS 1 IF YOU’VE LOST ALL SENSE OF YOUR HUMANITY. If those—and a host of other impersonal interactions—aren’t your idea of good text communications with patients you otherwise treat like family, let Weave help your office team do the talking—or, more to the point, the two-way texting. Eliminate robotic SMS blasts and increase the conversationality of texts to build relationships, get overdue patients into your datebook and reduce the incidence of aggravating no-shows.
Weave’s Smart Caller ID leavens the chaos of a busy front desk by blessing your team with one fewer thing to worry about and presenting essential patient details the moment you need them. The goal of the software platform is to combine all communication streams—your practice-management software, your mobile devices, your business phone—into one simple tool. Simplicity and all the info you need, right at your fingertips. An immaculately organized practice from top to bottom? Yeah, there’s an app for that.
Faster isn’t always better, no, but in the time it has taken you to read this sentence—let’s say 1.9 seconds, give or take—the PaX-i Insight did its job. With the next generation of panoramic radiography, 1.9 is the magic number when it comes to image acquisition, and PaX-i Insight’s rapid ceph technology helps doctors obtain the sharpest image in the shortest amount of time.
Better still: That rapid ceph tech isn’t even the most notable feature of Vatech’s latest groundbreaker. Hidden multi-roots and canals, location of pulp and gutta-percha, broken file and root fractures are all in your field of vision of Insight’s in-depth view capability. Case studies released by Vatech show that visible fractured roots are often missed by conventional panoramic images with a single layer. Using PaX-i Insight’s “multi-slice” mode, clinicians can discover buccal roots by examining each root and its perio ligament separately.
The device’s user-friendly EzDent-i software interface gives a boost to your treatment planning and patient-consultation efficiency. And we can’t help but be captivated by that lowercase “i.” iPad. iPhone. PaX-i Insight. Sleeker, faster and—yes—better.
You know the old truism: No one ever said bone augmentation would be easy. (That is an old truism, right?) Well, that was all BBA—before Bond Apatite. With its all-in-one syringe and one- minute placement and stabilization time, Augma Biomaterial’s synthetic bone-graft cement will deliver your dentistry—whoosh—into a new era.
Augma, an Israeli company that develops bone substitutes, unites innovation (synthetic HA particulate, hydroxyapatite granules) and 100 years of proven success (pure bisphasic calcium sulfate, or BCS) for the best of both worlds. Here’s how it works: Place the graft material into the defect site. Press with a dry pad for three seconds. Close the flap. Really, that’s it. Open sinus lift, socket preservation, bone-defect augmentation, ridge expansion and preservation, even barrier membranes: All of it resides squarely in Bond Apatite’s wheelhouse.
As if truncated healing time and improved outcomes weren’t sufficient motivation, though, Bond Apatite significantly reduces procedures’ overall cost, which can lead to greater patient acceptance. That old truism could stand an update, maybe: Bone augmentation, it seems, can be easy after all.
DENTAL INNOVATORS HALL OF FAME
THE MOST-FORWARD THINKERS in any profession are the ones whose discoveries, pioneering achievements and great works stand the test of time. In dentistry, that means those who have made a colossal impact in a number of ways—whether through product development, service to others, sheer historical import or some combination of the three. For the seventh successive year, Incisal Edge is proud to honor the members of our burgeoning Dental Innovators Hall of Fame—and welcome one new inductee into this exclusive club.
Dr. Francis Mouyen
Dr. Mouyen is a French inventor who developed the first digital imaging system specifically for dentists, debuting it (to “gobsmacked” clinicians, he later recalled) at a conference in Switzerland in 1987. He also developed a dental chair with a computer monitor, his digital sensor and an intraoral camera built in. His non-dental inventions include an electric-motor propulsion system for boats and underwater monitors used by researchers studying marine mammals. “It was a very exciting adventure,” he told Incisal Edge several years ago, speaking of his years in dentistry. “But I never look at the past. Today and tomorrow are much more exciting.”
Dr. Rafael Bowen
Dr. Bowen invented the first truly effective resin-based dental composite, which he introduced in the 1960; he also played a major role in the development of sealants.
Inventor of the Schick Sensor, the first technology that enabled dentists to create and view large, clear intraoral images while exposing patients to less than a tenth of the radiation they’d receive via a standard X-ray.
Dr. Richard M. Pelton and Ernest Crane
Pelton and Crane’s epony- mous company, an industry giant, got its start as an modest two-man operation back in 1900. Now, nearly 120 years later, their names remain a byword for dental quality.
Gordon J. Christensen
An educational giant, Dr. Chris- tensen founded Practical Clinical Courses, a continuing-education company for dental students globally. He and his wife, Dr. Rella Christensen, founded the influential newsletter Clinicians Report in 1976.
Dr. Robert Meyer
A pioneer in the development of 100 percent water-free vacuum devices, dental separation tanks and much more.
Dr. Lucy Hobbs
The first American woman to earn a dental degree when she did so in 1866, Dr. Hobbs is the inspiration for Benco Dental’s Lucy Hobbs Project, which celebrates and promotes women in dentistry worldwide.
Dr. Jack Dillenberg
The inaugural dean of the Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health at A.T. Still University in Mesa and a passionate longtime advocate for a community-based dental curriculum.
Dr. Howard Farran
Phoenix-based dentist and MBA; founder and publisher of Dental- town magazine and Dentaltown. com. A self-proclaimed “physician of the mouth” and proponent of dentistry as just a component of whole-body health.
Dr. William B. Dragan
Dr. Dragan founded Centrix in 1970; he has developed products including the Mark I, II and III syringes, composite-resin tubes and plugs, and more.
Dr. John V. Borden
Enlisted in the Navy as a dental surgeon and served in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters during World War II. The inventor of the Borden Air-Rotor, he passed away in 2011 at age 95.
Dr. Joshua Friedman
Founder and CEO of dental-product manger AdDent, founder of Demetron Research Corporation and a pioneer in the evolution of light-curing technology.
Founded Glidewell Dental Laboratories in 1970; the company led the industry in developing crowns and bridges, ceramics, removable full and partial dentures, dental implants and more. | <urn:uuid:b3ff3f37-a0b6-49e7-a3ab-fe955e601408> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.incisaledgemagazine.com/mag/article/spring-2018-edison-awards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.927255 | 10,677 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Disclaimer*: The articles shared under 'Your Voice' section are sent to us by contributors and we neither confirm nor deny the authenticity of any facts stated below. Parhlo will not be liable for any false, inaccurate, inappropriate or incomplete information presented on the website. Read our disclaimer.
So if you’re not a Muslim , the question on your mind must be; what is ‘Tahajood’?
The most accurate linguistic definition for this is ‘to refrain from sleep’. It is a non-obligatory act of worship, voluntary however. It is performed just like our normal prayers , except that it is much shorter and is performed before dawn, generally around the last 3rd of the night.
Now though I’ve mentioned it is not obligatory, it is the most sacred act of worship. We believe that around the odd hours of night, God descends down to the Earth and asks:
‘Who will call on Me so that I may respond to him? Who is asking something of Me so I may give it to him? Who is asking for My forgiveness so I may forgive him?’
So now that you have a somewhat clear idea (hopefully!) of Tahajjud , I will describe my own take on it.
I believe that we as human beings are the most fallible creatures on the Earth, and sure, we get ourselves into a downright mess sometimes. But repentance is always a steady state to own up to our deeds and keep turning over a new leaf. Forgiveness is a crucial part of any religion and so is repentance.
With it comes the fact that we humans, are also very demanding. And we always seek a medium to somewhat attain our desires and all of our wishes. In Tahajjud , being humble doesn’t work. You literally lay out your greed like a carpet , and God does not mind fulfilling all your desires ( as long as they’re morally acceptable).
Keeping both the ideas in mind , I pray Tahajjud. But I also call Tahajjud my ‘Honest Hour with God.’ I have a way with words , and I can never properly communicate all my ideas and all my opinions with humans. For there is a limit to a human’s capability of understanding. Given that you may be able to pour your heart out to a friend , but they will never understand , because at the end of the day , they may have opposing opinions.
So I talk and I talk and I talk to God. It is nice to talk to someone , who will never judge you, who will never interrupt you , who will always lend a listening ear to you and will perhaps, may be even smile from the Heavens above at your inconsistencies.
My honest hour is basically a rant session. I rant about the world , politics , society , education , socio-economics etc, and it’s a never ending list. Even though I cannot see God , having faith in something unseen, is like having hope constantly. And it feels exhilarating to find hope even in the darkest of times.
My honest hours with God are the most precious hours of my day. I do not feel conflicted. I do not feel at loss. I do not feel overwhelmed. I feel understood. I feel relieved. I feel liberated. And most of all , I feel at peace. | <urn:uuid:3d72f70f-1530-45d1-8024-a0ce4fc152e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.parhlo.com/the-importance-of-honesty-hours-aka-tahajjud-prayers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945951 | 723 | 2.234375 | 2 |
You work hard for your money and want to ensure that your wealth distribution goes according to your wishes upon death. Sadly, many people simply don’t understand the difference between wills and trusts and how they can affect inheritance. Don’t be one of them! Take control of your wealth distribution by understanding what wills don’t control and the benefits of a trust.
5 Things a Will Does Not Control
Most people believe that a will encompasses and controls all of your assets. That is simply not the case. Proper asset ownership for will-based plans can be confusing. However, the bottom line is that a will only controls assets in individual names; it does not control:
- Trust assets
- Retirement accounts / pension plans
- Life insurance
- Employee benefits
While having a will allows you to avoid having a court decide who gets what, a trust can generally protect you even further.
5 Benefits of a Living Trust
There are many benefits to a living trust, including these five:
- Avoiding the public, costly and time-consuming court processes at death (probate);
- Avoiding the same regarding incapacity (conservatorship or guardianship);
- Providing for spouses without disinheriting children;
- Saving estate taxes in some cases;
- Protecting inheritances for children and grandchildren from the courts, creditors, spouses, divorce proceedings, and irresponsible spending.
There are many types of assets which can be funded into your trust, such as real estate, bank accounts, investment accounts, and intellectual property rights. Others might include:
- Notes payable to you
- Life insurance – if you don’t have an irrevocable life insurance trust
- Business interests
- Oil and gas interests
- Personal effects – artwork, jewelry, collectibles, antiques
It’s important to work closely with your estate planning attorney to make certain that all of your assets are distributed according to your wishes – and done so with the least amount of cost and time delay. Contact us today for more information about wills, trusts, and other financial planning issues and let us help you decide what’s best for your situation! | <urn:uuid:576f6cfa-522f-42bd-8e24-620692c3eeea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ssslegalconsultancy.com/wills-vs-trusts-take-control-wealth-distribution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932051 | 452 | 1.804688 | 2 |
"Real joy comes not from ease or riches or from the praise of men, but from doing something worthwhile." – Wilfred Grenfell
It’s easy to get caught up in chasing stuff and the respect and admiration of others.
But real joy comes from doing something worthwhile.
Worthwhile is open for interpretation though, so we lose sight of the important in exchange for the tangible and temporary.
We lose sight of the fact that our relationships are worthwhile.
Things like hanging out with the kids, taking your spouse on a date, or spending time with a friend.
How are you spending your time?
Are you doing something worthwhile?
Make it a great day. | <urn:uuid:93d28c5d-4202-4b3a-929f-c1efb24fe996> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thedailyattitudeemail.com/2018/02/21/daily-attitude-email-02-21-18/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.917089 | 143 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The spectacle of young men and women imbued with a get-rich-quick ethos and dreams of laziness is disturbing, notes Ajay Shah
Everyone loves the computer revolution. We extol the greatness of the start-ups and the shiny baubles which we get to play with.
There is a dark side to this, however. A lot of the big financial success in technology start-ups is about “creating network effects”. Each such success story has an element of an impregnable monopoly that yields supernormal profits.
This raises concerns about competition.
There was a time when computer companies were workmanlike creations.
Infosys or TCS are great software services companies.
They were built through slow hard work over decades.
In the case of TCS, most of the founding team was absent when the most remarkable financial performance was obtained.
This kind of slow hard work is unfashionable in the world of technology start-ups.
There is ample fuel in the computer revolution to do many useful things.
It is possible to improve products and processes in almost all parts of the economy using the riches of cheap CPUs, fast networks, decent batteries, an array of sensors, all coordinated by Internet protocols and implemented using various flavours of Unix.
This kind of work is slow and careful: it involves fully understanding an old economy firm or industry, and injecting high technology into it.
Done well, this kind of work can generate good returns. It cannot generate magical outcomes.
Technology start-ups have no patience for this slow path.
They dream of getting up to a valuation of $100 million in three years.
How can this be done?
Sometimes, this can be done through radical scientific innovation.
This is relatively rare.
The elixir that every technology start-up is instead looking for is “network effects”.
A business has network effects when the presence of each additional user improves the quality of the product offering.
As an example, when one more person uses Gmail, this makes it stronger, as it becomes easier for Google to block unwanted or dangerous emails.
That most people use Gmail has, in and of itself, created a strong entry barrier which holds off rivals like Apple mail.
Once these network effects set in, product attributes matter less.
Google can, in principle, get away with an inferior Gmail for quite a while, because it's protected by the network effect.
It’s useful to distinguish between indirect and direct network effects. In a product like Gmail, the functionality resides in the software, and the functionality is enhanced by the addition of one more user.
Here, the network effect is indirect.
But in something like eBay, which is a retail market, the functionality is the user.
In and of itself, eBay is useless to the first user.
What's useful to the end user are the wares being put up for sale by others, or the orders being placed by other users.
Here, network effects are direct: every additional user directly enhances eBay. Indeed, there is no value in eBay without the buy or sell orders being placed by users.
The ‘marketplaces’ of e-commerce parlance are ‘exchanges’ in financial economics.
When you go to the National Stock Exchange, the liquidity that you obtain is directly made by the others who have placed orders at the NSE.
Every order that you place at the NSE directly makes up its offering, which is the high liquidity of the order book.
Without orders from users, there is no liquidity at the NSE.
Access to other users is the NSE’s offering.
Once liquidity comes about at an existing exchange, it is very hard to compete with it.
There are only a handful of examples, in world history, where a new exchange could take on an incumbent, if we exclude the US where peculiar financial regulations forced a fragmented market.
In the e-commerce world, the name of the game is to find an opportunity to setup a network effect, and ride it to glorious financial returns for the founders.
From an economics point of view, there is something uncomfortable about the spectacle of one after another firm that is so keen to achieve a little impregnable monopoly, after which the normal rigours of competition do not apply.
Capitalism works because firms in competitive markets have to ceaselessly push the boulder up the hill.
A constant stream of innovations are required for enhancing the product and cutting costs.
The best that can be obtained by a good management team is reasonable returns on equity.
This essence of capitalism, this Calvinist ethos, is lost once a monopoly is setup.
Shareholders and managers then enjoy supernormal financial returns, and freedom from the pressure to constantly improve the product and reduce costs.
In network industries, the profit motive encourages managers and investors to do many perverse things.
As an example, speed is more important than product quality.
The firm with 2,000 users beats the one with 200 users.
A weak product that's released early wins when compared with a great product that's released late: there is a bias in favour of speed and not product quality.
Another odd thing is the role of capital. Money has become the raw material.
The firm that subsidises users on a bigger scale gets more users, and then the network effects take off.
Competitive advantage is then about obtaining more and cheaper capital from the global financial system, and not building a better product.
Put these together, and the sloppy product that's backed by the big money wins.
The computer revolution offers great opportunities to improve products and processes in all industries.
Too many technologists and investors are, however, too high to engage in this slow hard work.
The game has become one of finding the quickest path to network effects, after which you have a monopoly.
The reward for this is supernormal financial returns and laziness.
The spectacle of young men and women, who are imbued with a get-rich-quick ethos, and dreams of laziness, is disturbing.
Economists need to reinvent competition policy so as to address the failure of market power in this landscape.
The image is used for representational purpose only. Photograph: Reuters
Ajay Shah is a professor at National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi | <urn:uuid:7a421875-e406-47b7-a9f4-ad1db88484a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rediff.com/business/column/column-why-do-we-need-to-worry-about-e-commerce-start-ups/20160502.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944022 | 1,316 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Digging on your property? Call 811, it’s the law.
Electric power lines, natural gas pipelines, water pipes, communications lines, and other utility services can be within a few feet of the ground. Not knowing where they are can result in personal injury, property damage and service interruptions. Even a small dent or a scrape can cause damage, resulting in a leak or service-wide disruptions.
When planning any type of excavation, call 811 at least three full working days before digging, drilling, or blasting. This national service, which is performed at no cost to your business, helps keep everyone safe. When your company or contractor calls 811, the national Call Before You Dig center will notify Liberty Utilities and other participating utilities, allowing us to mark our underground wires, pipes or cables so you’ll know what areas to avoid. This service is provided free of charge.
Then you’ll be ready to dig safely! Be sure to dig around the markings and not on them. Safe digging keeps you, your family, and your friends secure and protected.
For more information about the national 811 program, visit their website at www.call811.com*. | <urn:uuid:3433f99d-8398-4d0f-b8a6-eef7a7b4903f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://massachusetts.libertyutilities.com/fall-river/commercial/safety/natural-gas/dig-safe-811-call-before-you-dig.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.904499 | 272 | 1.867188 | 2 |
I have a bandpass signal centered at 2 MHz and bandwidth of 50 kHz (the signal frequency varies from 2 MHz - 25 kHz to 2 MHz + 25 kHz). This signal is being sampled at 10 MHz. I want a frequency resolution of 100 Hz in FFT.
I want to know:
How many samples of the signal should I take to achieve this frequency resolution.
What should be the number of points in FFT for this frequency resolution.
Minimum frequency in the bandpass signal = 1.975 MHz.
To complete one period of the minimum frequency = 5.0633e-07 seconds.
No of samples in 5.0633e-07 seconds = 5.0633 ~ 6 samples.
So at least 6 samples should be taken to complete one cycle of min frequency.
Now the frequency resolution is 100 Hz.
Since the sampling frequency is 10 MHz, Maximum frequency can be detected is 5 MHz.
So 5MHz/100Hz = 50000 points will be there in first half of FFT.
Second half of the FFT is redundant (complex conjugation of the first half).
So I should take 2*50000 = 1,00,000 point FFT (2^17 = 131072 point FFT) for the above specifications.
Will this work? | <urn:uuid:039f5067-1026-43fd-b31b-838000714ec1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/17579/number-of-dft-fft-points-required-for-a-specific-frequency-resolution-for-an-o | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.905835 | 275 | 2.546875 | 3 |
We are not our brothers’ keepers
When discussing world politics, a sense of perspective is needed. While our North American and European countries seem to be rather average in our eyes, they are, for the most part, the richest and freest countries in the world. Almost all the countries in other regions lie below the 10 000 $ line of GDP per capita, which is far below what we, in our great arrogance, consider “the poverty line”.
Who is to blame for this state of affairs, if anyone ? The universal answer seems to be “the rich countries”, and “corporate exploitation”. After all, or so goes the general mentality, everyone should be equally prosperous, since prosperity is some form of automatic, quasi-magical thing. If this is the case, then rich countries must be somehow responsible. We must stop exploiting their citizens, forgive their debts, civil rights abuses, and so on.
But this is primitive reasoning. Prosperity does not come magically, by the mere fact of having natural resources, or industries. It can only exist where civil and economic rights exist. If the citizens of a country cannot administrate their resources as they see fit, and use these resources as they see fit, the economy suffers proportionally. This has been proven deductively and statistically.
Given that fact, what can we say about world poverty ? Is it the fault of a person in North America if a government in Africa imposes a not-so-benevolent dictatorship on its people ? Surely not. To cry “why isn’t the Western world doing anything ?” is sheer denial of reality – irrational actions such as forgiving debts or foreign aid only serve to sustain dictatorships. Change must proceed from inside first. A broken engine will not work even if you pour a hundred liters of fuel in it.
In response, anti-capitalists usually propose that “corporate exploitation” in Third-World countries is responsible for poverty. They quote statistics about sweatshops and environmental destruction. But once again, they are escaping the basic fact of politics : nothing happens without rights.
The countries in which these things take place are, by definition, fraught with incapable governments, otherwise they would not be permitted. In such a situation, trying to pin moral blame on corporations is incorrect. The reason for this can be easily explained in terms of resource flows.
The only way out is the way of freedom of self-ownership, action and property. Only then is man free to pursue his interest, and the whole of society to benefit.
As I explain in my article “Good greed and bad greed”, we can analyze a political system in terms of flows and their advantages. Individuals can trade with each other, attempt to use the government’s political power in order to impose choices on the community, or use violence against each other.
Thus we compare trade benefits and political pressure benefits. The bigger term indicates which category of action is more beneficial for the individual, and therefore what his actions will be oriented towards.
In a free society, rights are recognized and the state does not yield considerable power besides the enforcment of these rights. Therefore wasting energy to try to influence political power is futile. People will tend to trade with each other instead, especially since such societies will tend to be more prosper.
In a statist society, rights are not recognized, and the state decides on the course of action. Therefore it yields enormous power. Foreign corporations can then bribe this government into accepting various criminal activities. This is in their interest because the benefits of political pressure are far higher than trade benefits, especially in poor countries where the people do not have many resources to trade with.
While it is important to pin blame when necessary, this is not one of those cases. You cannot morally fault someone for doing things in his own self-interest. It is not the role of corporations to regulate society (indeed, that would be as corporatist). That role belongs to the government.
To make an analogy, suppose that we expunge all murder laws. It is highly likely that more people will murder others, since the cost for doing so is reduced considerably. While they do commit the action, the greater incidence of murder must be morally imputed to the parties that enacted the political action.
Despite the spurious claims of anti-capitalists, the opening up of trade barriers cannot be anything but progressist. As any college student who took at least one economics class can tell you, raising the demand for workers necessarily raises salaries. This is a simple law of supply and demand. Why do they think that civilized countries use protectionism ? Because it advantages the local corporations, who can then give lower salaries and field inferior products. This is well-known, but has still not reached their fermented ideology.
But in the end, such an opening cannot be fruitful without freedom. The only way out is the way of freedom of self-ownership, action and property. Only then is man free to pursue his interest, and the whole of society to benefit. | <urn:uuid:c659ebc6-9678-4bbd-aa4b-8fb6667d0a04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.libertarianthought.com/main/keeper.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952274 | 1,046 | 2.328125 | 2 |
- urban space
In 2014, Belgian author and stage director Sybille Cornet worked with children from the elementary school Jules Vallès (Aubervilliers) to create a "lecture-show" on school and pedagogy ("School as explained to Martians").
In 2014/2015, she will work with two high school classes, to explore with them their relationship to urban space. Starting from the desire to question the way we "use" the city and live in it, these workshops will question the way an artistic institution as Les Laboratoires, and a place dedicated to education and training exist and interact with the city. How these two structures redfine themselves through their interaction with urban space, inside and outside their walls. After the series of workshop are led, a "lecture-show" will be created.
In collaboration with elementary school Jules Vallès and high school Jean Pierre Timbaud (Aubervilliers) | <urn:uuid:ae5ea69d-06b2-4d85-8f70-b8b11195f089> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.leslaboratoires.org/en/ctxnode/2091/all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953049 | 202 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Mexico City is the centre of Mexican culture, with a rich and vibrant culture that gathers all the best heritage, spirit and life that the country has to offer. With an ancient, aboriginal history, there is plenty to learn about the past of Mexico City, told by engaging museums throughout the city.
Things to do in Mexico City
Mexico City is scattered in landmarks, titled the “City of Palaces” because of its magnificent architecture, a lot of which is clustered in the Historic Downtown. Head to the Plaza de la Constitucion to witness the grand City Hall, giant national flag and Metropolitan Cathedral, the largest church in North and South America, with an altar made of pure gold.
The National Museum of Anthropology is world famous for its grand collection spread over 23 different halls, including ancient Aztec artefacts like the mysterious Sun Stone. Go off the beaten track by visiting Arena Mexico the home of free wrestling, a wild and unforgettable experience frequently enjoyed by locals.
Exploring the second largest city in the world is tiring work, so take some time to relax in the local atmosphere by visiting La Merced, the central market surrounded by restaurants selling enchiladas, quesadillas and tacos. The nightlife has something for everyone, just to be sure to try some of the local moves in the famous salsa, rumba and mambo dances at least once.
Getting around Mexico City
The metro has various lines throughout the city and is the busiest but most authentic way to see the city. Other transportation options include buses, which are quieter but less predictable, while bikes are good for avoiding the chaotic traffic. | <urn:uuid:e9f618ef-988a-452e-a266-bc25ad5b99cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hotelscombined.ie/Place/Mexico_City.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947087 | 333 | 1.695313 | 2 |
In the manuscript entitled, "Energy and water co-benefits from covering canals with solar panels", we quantified the evaporation savings and financial performance of over-canal solar in comparison to over-ground solar on land adjacent to canals, using regional-scale hydrologic and cost simulations. We conducted regional hydrologic and techno-economic simulations of solar PV panels covering California’s 6350 km canal network. We examined the net effect on the financial performance of three different solar PV structures at eight...
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) enamel phosphate δ18O values reflect climate seasonality: implications for paleoclimate reconstructionDanielle Fraser, Mark Clementz, Jeffrey Welker & Sora Kim
Stable oxygen isotope compositions from vertebrate tooth enamel are commonly used as biogeochemical proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions. However, the utility of enamel isotopic values across species varies due to differences in rates of enamel deposition and mineralization as well as sources of ingested water, body water residence times, and species’ physiology. We evaluate the use of stable oxygen isotope compositions from pronghorn (Antilocapra americana Gray, 1866) enamel for the amplitude reconstruction of terrestrial paleoclimate seasonality....
Current pre-clinical models of cancer fail to recapitulate the cancer cell behavior in primary tumors primarily because of the lack of a deeper understanding of the effects that the microenvironment has on cancer cell phenotype. Transcriptomic profiling of 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cells from 2D and 3D cultures, subcutaneous or orthotopic allografts (from immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice), as well as ex vivo tumoroids, revealed differences in molecular signatures including altered expression of genes involved in...
On the social and cognitive dimensions of wicked environmental problems characterized by conceptual and solution uncertaintyFelber J. Arroyave B., Oscar Yandy Romero Goyeneche, Meredith Gore, Gaston Heimeriks, Jeffrey Jenkins & Alexander M. Petersen
We develop a quantitative framework for understanding the class of wicked problems that emerge at the intersections of “natural”, social, and technological complex systems. Wicked problems reflect our incomplete understanding of interdependent global systems and the systemic risk they pose; such problems escape solutions because they are often ill-defined, and thus misidentified and under-appreciated by communities of problem-solvers. While there are well-documented benefits to tackling boundary-crossing problems from various viewpoints, the integration of diverse approaches...
Data from: Rethinking sustainability in seafood: synergies and trade-offs between fisheries and climate changeBrandi McKuin, Jordan Watson, Stephen Stohs & J. Elliott Campbell
In the manuscript entitled, "Rethinking sustainability in seafood: synergies and trade-offs between fisheries and climate change", we quantified the climate forcing per unit fish protein associated with several different U.S. tuna fishing fleets, among the most important capture fisheries by both volume and value. The fishing fleets include the U.S. purse seine that operates in the Western Central Pacific Fisheries Commission convention area, the U.S. North Pacific albacore surface gear (which includes both troll and...
1. High throughput sequencing has become commonplace in evolutionary studies. Large, rapidly collected genomic datasets are used to capture biodiversity and for monitoring global and national scale disease transmission patterns, among many other applications. Updating homologous sequence datasets with new samples is cumbersome, requiring excessive program runtimes and data processing. We describe Extensiphy, a bioinformatics tool to efficiently update multiple sequence alignments with whole-genome short-read data. Extensiphy performs reference based sequence assembly and alignment in...
Yangtze River basin ecological and hydrogeomorphic data relevant to regional hydrologic classification for sustainable dam operationBritne Clifton, Anna Rallings & Joshua Viers
While some rivers have been modified and regulated for centuries requiring recovery efforts and restoration, other rivers are currently under development and facing the challenges of environmental degradation and loss of ecological functionality. As countries, such as China, expand current infrastructure to develop and construct flood reduction, hydropower, and water storage facilities along their rivers, the threat of detrimental ecological impacts expands too. To address these pressing challenges, this data set was used in the...
This dataset was developed to be used in the CenSierraPywr model, created for the project "Optimizing Hydropower Operations While Sustaining Ecosystem Functions in a Changing Climate", for the California Energy Commission. The model that includes hydroeconomic optimization for hydropower production in the Stanislaus and Upper San Joaquin River basins in the Central Sierra Nevada, California. The two basins have high elevation reservoirs that are typically operated to maximize revenue from hydropower production. Therefore, to better...
Data from: Ecological and environmental stability in offshore Southern California Marine Basins through the HoloceneHannah Palmer, Tessa Hill, Esther Kennedy, Peter Roopnarine, Sonali Langlois, Katherine Reyes & Lowell Stott
In the face of ongoing marine deoxygenation, understanding timescales and drivers of past oxygenation change is of critical importance. Marine sediment cores from tiered silled basins provide a natural laboratory to constrain timing and implications of oxygenation changes across multiple depths. Here, we reconstruct oxygenation and environmental change over time using benthic foraminiferal assemblages from sediment cores from three basins across the Southern California Borderlands: Tanner Basin (EW9504-09PC, 1194 m water depth), San Nicolas Basin...
Data from: Identifying genetic variation associated with environmental variation and drought-tolerance phenotypes in ponderosa pineMengjun Shu & Emily Moran
Background Genotype-to-environment (G2E) association analysis coupled with genotype-to-phenotype (G2P) association analysis promises exciting advances towards discovering genes responsible for local adaptation. We combine G2E and G2P analysis with gene annotation in Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), an ecologically and economically important conifer that lacks a sequenced genome, to identify genetic variants and gene functions that may be associated with local adaptation to drought. Results We identified SNP markers in 223 genotypes from across the Sierra Nevada...
Escalating burned area in western US forests has heightened the need to refine near-term forest fire projections. One critical knowledge gap is how fire-fuel feedbacks may constrain such projections. We use both static climate-fire models and dynamic models that incorporate feedbacks to project future western US forest-fire area. Compared to 1991-2020, static models for 2021-2050 project a doubling in forest-fire area, increased year-to-year variability, and increased occurrence of years with forest-fire area exceeding the 2020...
Reconstructing the behavior of extinct species is challenging, particularly for those with no living analogues. However, damage preserved as paleopathologies on bone can record how an animal moved in life, potentially reflecting behavioral patterns. Here, we assess hypothesized etiologies of pathology in a pelvis and associated right femur of a Smilodon fatalis saber-toothed cat, one of the best-studied species from the Pleistocene-age Rancho La Brea asphalt seeps, California, USA, using visualization by computed tomography (CT)....
University of California, Merced10
University of California, Santa Cruz2
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA1
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County1
University of Wyoming1
University of Alaska System1
Santa Rosa Junior College1
Canadian Museum of Nature1
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center1
California Academy of Sciences1 | <urn:uuid:ac853968-1cab-404e-85d9-9a64fb2adcf6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://search.datacite.org/repositories/cdl.ucm?registered=2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.880373 | 1,645 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Zurich in Switzerland is a busy, bustling city with sights such as Grossmünster Church, Frauenmünster Church, Lindenhof, Niederdorf, and many more. It also houses lots of museums with exhibits covering Swiss history, money, art, and even soccer. However, most of these museums are not open on Mondays.
Below we list all the museums in Zurich that are OPEN on Mondays. Almost all of these museums are located in the city of Zurich.
1. Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zurich
Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zurich has been one of the biggest and most important collections of succulents in Switzerland since 1931. Succulents are plants from dry areas that can retain water for a long period of time. It involves not only cacti, but also agave, aloes, and thick-leaf plants.
The Zurich Succulent Plant Collection houses more than 4,500 different species from 78 plant families. Guided tours can be provided by appointment.
If you would like to read more about the Zurich Succulent Plant Collection, you can check out this article Here’s a look at the Zurich Succulent Plant Collection.
Address: Mythenquai 88, 8002 Zürich, Switzerland. Opening Hours: 12:00 to 16:30, daily. Cost: Free
2. Criminal Museum (Das Kriminalmuseum)
The Criminal Museum of Zurich’s Cantonal Police shows the various ways criminals act. Visits are done by appointment and completed with an official 2-hour long tour. The tour is free and available to everyone at least 18 years of age.
The Criminal Museum is the oldest of its kind in Switzerland. It was opened in 1901 to help educate the Police force. In 1959, they decided to open it to the public.
It helps visitors to be aware of possible dangers and provides tips on how to avoid crimes. It also shows the history of justice, photos of crime sites, torture and burglary equipment, and guns. It shows the world of theft, murder, and drugs.
Address: Kasernenstrasse 29, 8004 Zurich, Switzerland. Opening Hours: Mondays to Thursdays 17:30 to 19:00, Fridays 17:30
3. Wow Museum Zurich
WOW Museum in Zurich is a new museum of illusions. Across 400 square meters, you can engage in fun things like standing upside down or distorted perceptions. It is bright, fun, and interactive. The museum is suitable for both children and adults alike.
Address: Werdmühlestrasse 10 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Opening Hours: Mondays, Wednesdays to Sundays 10:00 to 20:00, Fridays and Saturdays until 23:00. Cost: CHF 23 per Adult. CHF 16 per child (6 to 16 years).
4. focusTerra – Earth and Science Discovery Center of ETH Zurich
focusTerra is the Earth and Science Discovery Center of ETH Zurich. The museum is perfect for those who wish to learn about the geologic processes on our planet. For example, it shows how earthquakes are triggered, or what volcanoes are, and how the Alps were formed. It combines modern media stations with archives from the past.
The permanent exhibitions include:
- Archives of the earth – rocks, glaciations, river deposits, fossils, climate changes, landscape of Zurich
- Treasures of the earth – crystals, minerals, gemstones
- Dynamics of the earth – solar system, earth, moon, meteorites, plate tectonics, volcanoes, mountains
- Media Stations – climate change, earthquakes, energy sources, mineral sources
Address: ETH Zurich focusTerra, Building NO. Sonneggstrasse 5 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Opening Hours: 9:00 to 17:00, Mondays to Fridays, Sundays 10:00 to 16:00. Cost: Free
5. Zurich Tram Museum
The Zurich Tram Museum shows the development of the city’s transport network, in particular the street trams. It was made possible with the help of enthusiastic tram fans in 1967.
On display are trams from the years 1897 until 1960, including engines, uniforms, ticket machines, and more. The trams are located in the old Tram Depot of Burgwies. Special tours for school children and birthdays can also be arranged.
Address: Forchstrasse 260, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland. Opening Hours: Mondays, Wednesdays, Saturdays, Sundays 13:00 – 18:00. Cost: CHF 12.00 per Adult, CHF 6.00 per Child (6–16 years)
6. Swiss Finance Museum (Schweizer Finanzmuseum)
What is a more apt way to explore the financial city of Switzerland than to visit the Swiss Finance Museum? It is the first and only financial museum in Switzerland. This country known for its secret bank accounts hosts the financial museum on the west side of the city, near the Technopark and Museum für Gestaltung.
The museum is run by the foundation Collection of Historical Securities. It presents the economic history and modern innovations associated with the Swiss financial market. The questions are answered through interactive video sequences, historical film recordings, interviews, and touch-screen animations.
Address: Schweizer Finanzmuseum, Hard Turm Park, Pfingstweidstrasse 110 8005 Zurich, Switzerland. Opening Hours: 10:00 to 19:00 Mondays to Fridays. Cost: CHF 10 per Adult, CHF 8 for 12-18 years old, free for children below 12 years old.
7. Uhrenmuseum Beyer Zürich
Uhrenmuseum Beyer Zürich is the oldest watch shop in one of the most expensive shopping streets in the world – Bahnhofstrasse. The shop itself sells world-known watches: Rolex, Patek Philippe, Cartier, Breitling, IWC, and many more. The museum, on the other hand, shows a special collection of watches from the past.
The museum presents 900 items from the world of timekeeping. Timepieces shown range from antique shadow rods, and sundials, to spectacular automatic clocks. Special exhibits are also shown over a period of a few weeks. In 2009, the museum displayed 50 unique chronographs to the public. These are highly complicated watches with stop functions from the 19th century.
The Uhrenmuseum Beyer is accessible via the Beyer shop in Zurich.
Address: Bahnhofstrasse 31, 8001 Zurich. Opening Hours: 14:00 to 18:00, Mondays to Fridays. Cost: CHF 10 per Adult, CHF 5 per Student.
8. Uhrenmuseum zum Rösli
Uhrenmuseum zum Rösli is located in the Haus zum Rösli – a house built back in 1803. The house later became the home of a Watch Museum courtesy of Marta Gisler and Hans Neufeld. Both of them were big fans of antique clocks. They decided to share their collection with the public by establishing a foundation called Uhrensammlung Hans Neufeld und Marta Gisler (Watch Collection of Hans Neufeld and Marta Gisler).
Address: Röslistrasse 46, 8006 Zurich. Opening Hours: 13:30 to 17:30, Mondays to Fridays. Cost: CHF 5.
9. Swiss Science Center Technorama
The Swiss Science Center Technorama allows its visitors to learn about science playfully. In fact, visitors may touch, play, and experiment with all stations. Magnets, wood, light, and ball tracks are some examples of subjects covered. The Museum is interesting for both adults and children alike.
Technorama is located in Winterthur, in Canton Zurich. It is a Swiss city northeast of Zurich city center.
Switzerland’s Technorama museum is one of its most fascinating museums. You will be able to experience many different natural phenomena, technologies, and scientific concepts. Each level of Technorama is divided into many sections covering various science topics such as magnets, mirrors, light, smoke, water, and so on.
If you would like to read more about Technorama, check out our article here – Technorama – Guaranteed One Of The Best Museums In Switzerland.
Address: Technoramastrasse 1, 8404 Winterthur, Switzerland. Opening Hours: 10:00 to 17:00 daily except December 25. Cost: CHF 29 per adult, CHF 18 per child (6 to 15 years old), free for younger children up to 5 years of age.
- Here’s a look at the Zurich Succulent Plant Collection
- 10 Best Free Museums and Parks in Zurich
- Top 8 Things to Do in Zurich on a Rainy Day
- Technorama – Guaranteed One Of The Best Museums In Switzerland
- 25 Best Things To Do In Zurich, Switzerland
- 12 Best Unique Experiences In Zurich
- 10 Beautiful Towns near Zurich for Day Trips
- Most Beautiful Lakes Near Zurich
- Closest Mountains To Visit From Zurich | <urn:uuid:1fa706ac-5f4e-4bae-9a36-56082e2e967c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.touringswitzerland.com/complete-list-of-museums-in-zurich-open-on-mondays/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.897752 | 1,927 | 1.84375 | 2 |
fir jaimun rikh boliaa jujuruvaedh muthh kuthhaa sunaavai|| kurumaa(n) outhae niburrae dhaehee muudhh kurae so paavai|| thhaapas kurum su(n)saar vich kurum vaas kur aavai jaavai|| sehusaa munuhu n chukee kurumaa(n) a(n)dhur bhurum bhulaavai|| bhurum vuruuthun juguth kee eiko maayaa brehum kehaavai|| jujur vaedh ko muthhun kur thuuth brehum vich bhurum bhulaavai|| kurum dhirraae juguth vich kurum bu(n)dhh kur aavai jaavai|| sathigur binaa n sehusaa jaavai ||uu||
Pondering deeply over the Yajurveda, rishi Jaimini putforth his postulates. Ultimate decision will be arrived at according to the actions performed through the body which will reap whatever it has sowed. He established the theory of karma and explained transmigration as controlled by karma. Because of its fallacy of ad-infinitum, the doubts are cleared and the jiv goes on wandering in the labyrinth of karmas. Karma is a practical aspect of the world and the maya and the Brahm are identical. This school of thought (Shastra) while stirring the ingredients of Yajurveda, mixes delusions with the supreme reality the Brahm, and establishes strongly the ritualism which further accepts coming in and going from the world as the result of the karma bondage. Without the true Guru, the doubts cannot be dispelled away.
World Gurudwaras will strive to be most comprehensive directory of Historical Gurudwaras and Non Historical Gurudwaras around the world.The etymology of the term ‘gurdwara’ is from the words ‘Gur (ਗੁਰ)’ (a reference to the Sikh Gurus) and ‘Dwara (ਦੁਆਰਾ)’ (gateway in Gurmukhi), together meaning ‘the gateway through which the Guru could be reached’. Thereafter, all Sikh places of worship came to be known as gurdwaras.
SearchGurbani brings to you a unique and comprehensive approach to explore and experience the word of God. It has the Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Amrit Kirtan Gutka, Bhai Gurdaas Vaaran, Sri Dasam Granth Sahib and Kabit Bhai Gurdas. You can explore these scriptures page by page, by chapter index or search for a keyword. The Reference section includes Mahankosh, Guru Granth Kosh,and exegesis like Faridkot Teeka, Guru Granth Darpan .
Encyclopedias encapsulate accurate information in a given area of knowledge and have indispensable in an age which the volume and rapidity of social change are making inaccessible much that outside one’s immediate domain of concentration.At the time when Sikhism is attracting world wide notice, an online reference work embracing all essential facets of this vibrant faithis a singular contribution to the world of knowledge. | <urn:uuid:cac98bdb-ae77-4470-beda-b6717e790842> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/scriptures/gurdas-vaaran/varan-bhai-gurdas-ji-vaar-1-v15-517/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.805513 | 723 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Explosion-proof thermal resistance
1. Application of explosion-proof thermal resistanceExplosion-proof thermal resistance is usually used in conjunction with display instruments, recording instruments, electronic calculations, etc. Directly measure the surface temperature of liquid, vapor and gas medium and solid surface in the range of -200°C~500°C where there are explosives such as hydrocarbons at the production site
2. Features of explosion-proof thermal resistance• Compression spring type temperature sensing element, good anti-vibration performance;
• High measurement accuracy;
• No need to compensate the wire, saving cost;
•Imported thin-film resistor elements with stable performance.
3. The working principle of explosion-proof thermal resistanceExplosion-proof thermal resistance uses the principle of gap explosion-proof to design components such as junction boxes with sufficient strength. The parts that generate sparks, arcs and dangerous temperatures are sealed in the cavity of the junction box. When an explosion occurs in the cavity, the flame can be extinguished and cooled through the gap of the joint surface, so that the flame and temperature after the explosion can not be transmitted to the outside of the junction box cavity, thereby performing an isolated explosion.
4. The main technical parameters of explosion-proof thermal resistanceProduct performance standards
5. Insulation resistance at room temperatureThe temperature of the thermal resistance is 15-35°C, the relative humidity is not more than 80%, and the test voltage is 10-100V (DC). The insulation resistance between the electrode and the outer tube>100MΩ.
6. Certification of explosion-proof thermal resistance
|Explosion-proof level||Explosion-proof certificate number||Certification body|
7. Measuring range and tolerance
|Model number||Index number||Temperature range||Accuracy class||Allowable error|
|WZP||Pt100||-200-+500||Class A||±(0.15+0.002) ltl|
|Class B||±(0.30+0.005) ltl|
|WZC||Cu50 Cu100||-50-+100||---||±(0.30+0.005) ltl|
8. Grouping form of explosion-proof thermal resistance
Classification of explosion-proof thermal resistance
9. Types of electrical equipmentClass I------Electrical equipment for underground coal mines
Class II-Electrical Equipment for Factory
10. Explosion-proof grade of explosion-proof thermal resistanceThe explosion-proof grades of explosion-proof thermocouples are divided into three grades A, B, and C according to the maximum safety gap used in explosive gas mixtures.
|Category||Level||Maximum test safety gap (MESG) mm|
The temperature group of explosion-proof thermocouple is divided into T1-T6 according to the maximum allowable surface temperature of its exposed part
11. Temperature classification of explosion-proof thermal resistance
|Temperature group||Allowable maximum surface temperature ℃|
12. Explosion-proof level of explosion-proof thermal resistance
Protection level: IP65
13. Junction box of explosion-proof thermal resistance
14. Installation terminal of explosion-proof thermal resistance
15. Model naming of explosion-proof thermal resistance
16. Selection table of explosion-proof thermocouple
|Active pipe joint type explosion-proof thermal resistance, selection table||Straight pipe joint type explosion-proof thermal resistance, selection table|
|Fixed threaded pipe joint type explosion-proof thermal resistance, selection table||Movable threaded pipe joint type explosion-proof thermal resistance, selection table| | <urn:uuid:f0cce7cd-9cde-4ba0-a2bc-570528b4bc4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ntcsensors.com/Explosion_proof_thermal_resistance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.689044 | 971 | 2.609375 | 3 |
I have EEG channel and there is some repeating events I need to analize. I need to check is there correlations between animal action and brain activity so I made marker channel: I use it to mark events on EEG which I see on video. And I have two questions:
1) Is there simpler way to mark events? For now I need to set vertical cursor on time which I see event on video and set marker on place of vertical cursor. Can I set marker or vertical cursor automatically, for example, in special position on the screen (like in place where red line is on attached file)?
2) then I need cut little parts (where animal does actions which i need analyse) and make theirs superposition. I mean i need summirise signals, not just compare them. Is it possible?
Thanks a lot for answering. | <urn:uuid:2de937aa-e966-457f-a6f9-60c03440de3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ced.co.uk/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=2095&p=10691&sid=e6b336adefab2a8da55e29ba2284e2a9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942754 | 174 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Reflections on human and artificial intelligence
The challenge of free and creative intelligence
Jaume Agustí Cullell
For simplicity of expression, I present as seemingly forceful statements, what are really questions that should be investigated. When, in order to face the complexity and uncertainty of the current world, we talk about the simplicity of the origin, not the temporal origin relative to thought, but the creative one connected to intelligence, then words do not describe anything, they are symbols that can only try stimulate attention, interest, research, that is, to move the intelligence of the reader towards the direct perception of the facts dealt with and the spontaneous action that emerges from it due to their perception.
The danger of degradation of human intelligence
At the beginning of the 80s, when I started teaching Artificial Intelligence, AI, it was undergoing a period of great euphoria. So much so that it alarmed me how a future of intelligent machines was sold, among them the human biological ones, or ´meat machines´. If what they predicted came to be, humanity would end up a slave to those who possessed these intelligent machines. Behind all this there was, and still is, an ignorance of the depth and unity of human intelligence, HI. With its sensitive and mental perception of all of reality as a whole, so necessary in a global world such as the present one. HI is much more than accumulated emotions, experiences and knowledge, and the resulting thoughts which are necessarily limited, sparse, often egocentric and conflicting. The great danger was not, nor is the machines, but the immaturity and possible degradation of the HI, which I later call programmed intelligence.
The necessary mutation of the cultural species
The perception of this danger, led me to deepen an adolescent intuition, springing from a statement by Jaume Balmes in his Criterion: truth is reality. As I went deeper into it, I realized little by little that people and institutions have always tried to seize truth in order to influence – even dominate – the others in their name. Thus I found that reality could not be anything other than pure freedom, which is only realized and enjoyed in the creativity of intelligence, impossible to possess or subdue. Only freedom carries the truth. Thought, allways conditioned, can never be free and so is incapable of finding out what truth is. Putting this totally free and creative intelligence at the centre of human life, instead of knowledge and thoughts often used to impose upon others, is the mutation of Homo Sapiens, the one that knows in order to dominate, into Homo Quaerens, the one who questions in order to investigate and create, to enjoy and put itself at the service of humanity and life. This is the proposal that can be found in the homoquaerens.info blog.
The unity, totality and creativity of intelligence
Intelligence is not exclusive to humanity, but is the activity of reality itself, its creative agent. Therefore, reality’s intelligence is one and indivisible, always operative throughout the universe. The different forms of Intelligence- of plants, animals, humans – are distinctions of the mind created by speech and thought. Among these forms of intelligence stands out the HI, on which I will focus. The separation and individuation of reality, in particular attributing intelligence to individuals, is characteristic of thought, of the psyche, which in its search for security creates a reference centre, the individual with its needs and interests to satisfy, ´I´, ´me´. Because if I reject that me I am lost! The proposed creation of trans-human individuals (i.e. cyborgs) is another example of the hazardous prevailing individualism, separating those who can pay as superior. Therefore, we must understand the HI not in itself, individualized, but as a collective fact that is being constituted through intra-actions with other forms of existence within the unity of the cosmic intelligence; (I define intra- actions as primordial interactions constitutive of each existence, to distinguish them from external interactions between already constituted existences). To understand the evolution of the HI and the AI, one must investigate its intra-action. It does not make much sense to talk about Al as a neutral tool independent of the HI. Thus, in order to direct the intra- action HI-AI to the common good and avoid its dangers, it must be understood starting with the HI that creates the AI.
Two levels of intelligence
I propose to distinguish two levels of the HI, two ways of intelligence of the one reality. On the one hand, the Intelligence of Need, IN, the intelligence of a reality before us, separated, relative to our needs and interests, senses and capabilities. Always pursuing objectives, it creates models of reality, very comprehensive and powerful, in particular those of the techno-sciences, TC. They are so powerful that we tend to confuse them with reality itself. However, they are still models, such as the one that the tick creates, with its two senses that capture the heat and sweat of mammals in order to parasitize them. On the other hand, liberating intelligence, LI, connects us with reality without mediation, without separations (i.e. to enjoy a flower without interposed thoughts, without feeling separated from it, without identifying ´me´ and ´it´). It is a subtle and deep level, the silent contact with the origin, the source of creative freedom. In it, the HI finds the energy, peace and unconditional enjoyment of life. Although too often unconscious or half asleep, it is always operative, i.e. it can surprise us with a eureka while we enjoy a bath. Contrary to the IN, the LI has nothing to achieve, but it makes it possible not to remain attached to the models created by the IN, in particular the models we create about ourselves. Thus, the LI also allows the evolution of the IN by giving it the creative freedom necessary to expand and create new models of reality, opening new possibilities to human life, for better or for worse. This has led to the development of different fields of HI – such as fine arts or TCs.
A general model of reality
Thus the TC has led us to change the general hierarchical model of reality, dominant during the pre-industrial era. Although surreptitiously, it still survives in the power of imposition, but with indirect and much more subtle forms than those of the past. From a model based on autarkic entities with a sense of their own, related externally and hierarchically, we have moved to a model where nothing is autarchic, nor does it have its own independent entity. Now intra- actions are primordial, that is, the interactions that continually constitute the autonomy of each form of existence, its autopoiesis . Thus, we should understand the HI as an agent in this model of intra-actions. For this I will focus on five powers of the HI that I call Creative Constitutive Capacities of intelligence, CCC. They are: interest in reality, semiotic communication, subsidiary symbiosis, generalized research and liberation.
The creative hand
I represent these CCCs with the five fingers of the creative hand. I enunciate them very briefly and then I note some aspects of their intradependence. Interest in reality, Interest is the vector energy of the HI. I represent it with the index finger, the finger of attention, the one that points to the important things that motivate and guide action. Interest makes the HI a sensitive, emotional and evaluative intelligence. Only two facts have to be considered to capture its importance. First, when the interest instead of pointing to reality, points to the individual or collective ego, it perverts the rest of the CCC’s, generating a society of domination and exploitation. Second, when during the European Renaissance, the interest changed direction and stopped pointing to the past to repeat it, and instead towards the future to create it. Then began the second great cultural mutation of humanity, leaving behind the agricultural era. That’s the mutation of Sapiens into Quaerens, so necessary if we do not want a grim end. Semiotic communication, its first exponent is speech based on articulated sounds that convey meanings about a referent present or not, the sign. I represent it with the middle finger, the mediator, the axis of the creative hand. Speech frees us from the basic stimulus-response mechanism for animal life. Between stimulus and response, we interpose the speech with its richness of meanings, the most wonderful of HI powers, opening without limits the human imagination. Thus the HI is mainly linguistic, as are the models it creates, among them the AI, which differentiates both HI and AI from pure animal intelligence. Everything that affects communication transforms human life. Therefore, it is urgent to thoroughly investigate the current impact of information and communication technologies, ICT, on human communication. Subsidiary symbiosis, it is the life in common capacity – including in it the whole Earth – a capacity to cooperate, of mutual service, which I represent with the ring finger. I call it subsidiary symbiosis to note that it can no longer be hierarchical as in the pre-industrial past. Creativity requires that each human organization has the maximum autonomy that it can exercise responsibly in intra-dependence with the other institutions, starting from the individual to the UN. Generalized research, It is the hallmark of Homo Quaerens. I represent it with the little finger because it was the last to grow systematically from the Renaissance onwards, but still restricted to certain specialties, particularly techno-scientific ones. Questioning the known to truly understand, and open to the unknown in order to create, is the proper dynamics of the HI. Currently, the research attitude is not only necessary in certain specialties, but in all activities and by all, if we do not want to end up displaced by machines, more powerful than us when it comes to simply using knowledge, including languages. Liberation capacity, it is the central capacity of what I have previously called liberating intelligence. Understanding that to liberate does not mean to deny but to not be submitted. I represent it with the thumb that already the Romans used as a sign of life or death referring to the gladiators. But now it is for all of humanity. It is the ability to end all submission, internal or external. Liberation from that which is internal or relative to the ego, constituted by desires, expectations and fears, but also liberation from one’s attachment to emotions, knowledge and thoughts. It allows us to free ourselves from external submission to the mechanisms of domination of the current society of exploitation. Intra-dependency of the CCC We cannot understand or exercise properly any CCC’s without being mindful of their intra-dependency: the assistance of the other CCC’s in each of them. Let’s see it very briefly. Without interest the other CCCs would not have the energy to act. And without the good functioning of the rest of the CCC’s, especially of research and liberation, interest is reduced to animal instincts and, moved by desires, expectations and fears, it is not directed towards reality but towards the ego. Then it becomes short-sighted and selfish, corrupting the rest of CCC’s. Then communication cannot be sincere, symbiosis passes to domination, research is put at the service of the highest bidder and liberation makes us insatiable. The symbiosis is based on the common interest and trusting communication, and thus can reach levels of symbiosis like nations, unattainable for other animals. Common interest, communication, symbiosis and the liberation of individualistic selfishness make possible the investigation and corresponding team creativity, which we should value above the individual one in a world so complex, uncertain and changing, where the individual becomes increasingly impotent. This would reduce the pressure for the productivity of individual research, so pernicious to the quality and creativity of research. A few years ago, a study on the quality of publications in medical journals revealed that 85% of published results were not entirely reliable. Research is necessary to be directed by a strong interest in reality, compassion and love instead of pure curiosity. This is easily put at the service of plutocracy and imperialism, as the history of TCs shows. Curiosity can cure cancer as well as make the atomic bomb, go to the Moon and leave malaria research second. To summarize this intra-dependency of the CCC’s we must stress the importance of the liberation capacity, the clamp of the creative hand, allowing the other fingers to work to their greatest extent. Thus the interest can reach its highest degree, unconditional compassion and love; communication can be sincere and trusting to the point of silent communion; the subsidiary symbiosis becomes unity in love and service; research reaches the highest degree of team creativity and is put at service of all humanity.
To live exercising free and creative intelligence
Three uses of the HI
Here I approach the already mentioned two levels of HI, the intelligence of need, IN, and the liberation intelligence, LI, from the perspective of the CCC’s. Depending on how the CCCs are exercised, that is, on the degree of intensity and priority of each CCC over the others, we will have different uses of a single HI. I would like to highlight three uses of HI, the first two being two well differentiated uses of the IN, which I call the functional and the evaluative use of intelligence respectively. And the third one is the LI, the deep level of the HI. Functional intelligence, FI: when interest takes the form of curiosity about the functioning of the world; communication creates the functional-mathematical meta-language based upon measurements, magnitudes and calculations; symbiosis is simply collaboration; the research is highly specialized and methodical; and liberation is limited to abstraction of qualities and values that could hinder the interest in the functioning of things; then we have what I call functional intelligence, FI, the characteristic of TCs. The axiological intelligence, AXI : we exercise the AXI when the interest is mainly sensitive, artistic and evaluative; communication creates the stories that motivate and guide action; the symbiosis, the social cohesion, the sense of team, become central; research is mainly sensitive, artistic and valorising, attentive to self-knowledge; and liberation frees us from established values, enabling the creation of new values to face the new needs that arise due to techno-scientific growth . The FI and AXI cover the two clearest needs of the HI, the functioning and the valuation of things, the two main modes of IN. For they create models of reality such as TCs and value systems respectively. The liberation intelligence, LI, is the profound level of HI, centred on the capacity for liberation, always operative for good as well as bad, love or insatiable greed, the latter when it goes unnoticed or ignored. The LI allows us the flexible exercise of the CCC’s, freeing us from the established models of reality, avoiding becoming what next I very briefly describe as programmed intelligences. But, above all, the LI puts us in direct or immediate contact with the origin, with reality’s creative freedom and the unity, depth, totality and simplicity of its intelligence.
The programmed intelligences
Humanity has not yet been able to live fully exercising the free and creative HI: the FI, the AXI and the LI being in harmony. On the contrary, the disharmony among these was even more accentuated by the aforementioned second cultural mutation of humanity. The accelerated exponential growth of the TC, with the enormous social impact of its products and services, has not been accompanied by an equivalent growth of new models of the AXI, nor of growth in the LI practice. The religious traditions have not seen in the growth of the TC the need and opportunity to encourage the growth of LI, which is necessary in order to put TCs in the service of all humanity. This inability, since the beginning of the cultural mutation, is due in part to the conflict between a techno-scientific FI that progressively grows to be hegemonic and the religious AXI that had been dominant during the preindustrial era. This social poverty in the exercise of the LI has as inevitable consequence, the immaturity, even degradation of the HI: war is the greatest world industry and propaganda the second. This is due to the progressive decrease, already from birth, of the potential for freedom and creativity of the HI, this is due to the pressure of society. Thus the intelligence of the social majority, instead of investigating the direct perception of dynamic facts, which is the proper activity of intelligence, becomes mechanical thinking. This mechanical thought revolves around the memory, of accumulated experiences and knowledge, often in conflict, even contradictory. A thought mainly driven by desires, expectations and fears. A thought that instead of perceiving the current reality and its novelty, projects the past onto the future. Therefore, it is very manipulable by the power of domination. Thus the true democracy based on the freedom and creativity of the social majority becomes impossible. All this is nothing new in the history of mankind. But now this domination becomes more realizable, efficient, subtle and dangerously destructive than ever. For example, dictatorships such as China are using Big data and other AI technologies to directly control citizens. In the West, these methods of domination are also practiced, but in a more indirect and subtle way. So we have not only been satisfied with being programmed intelligences , that is to say, attached to the models of reality controlled by the dominating power, but the AI has created artificial IPs that are increasingly powerful and autonomous . The reaction to these announced dangers has been basically to focus attention on how Al should be, instead of focusing upon the HI that creates the AI. It looks for an Al that obeys a specific ethic and to make it more robust, reliable and safe. As if there were not enough cases of similar diagnoses and remedies applied to much simpler problems with no results. For example, the model we have created for transportation is not only unsustainable but also causes more deaths each year than all joint current wars. The problem lies in the immaturity of the HI, particularly the intra-action of the HI with an Al that seeks to become more and more autonomous and powerful.
Brief conclusion The conclusion is quite clear: TCs growth for common good can only be achieved through a true creative democracy, a society where everyone can realize their great possibility: to fully enjoy the truly free and creative HI in all activities. This is not only the great challenge of humanity, but a matter of life or death. | <urn:uuid:d7c9e78b-92ab-4fef-bcfe-88a47079020f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.homoquaerens.info/en/2019/05/10/reflections-on-human-and-artificial-intelligence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951833 | 3,827 | 2.140625 | 2 |
People can be allergic to a lot of things. There are no natural or man-made materials guaranteed not to cause allergies, not even wool, cotton, silk, polyurethane or nylon. This is why people with allergies should wear their shoes for a while indoors to keep them in new condition, in case they need to exchange them for another model.
If you are allergic to plastic, we recommend kybun sandals (which have leather insoles), or you can use a thin leather insole for closed shoes. Some parts in the middle lining of the shoes are glued with latex adhesive. Although these areas do not come into direct contact with the skin, we cannot guarantee that there is no latex adhesive on other parts of the shoe.
We only use rubber parts rarely, and always on the outer part of the shoe, as on the Santis or Rigi models. There is no risk of direct contact with the skin in such cases.
The mesh (material insert) is treated with Zeolite for antibacterial effect.
If you have any questions on this topic, please contact us at: info(at)kybun.us | <urn:uuid:4f2b9d87-8aec-44ba-9f16-585d594252ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.kyboot.shoes/hc/en-us/articles/7376714389527-Tips-for-allergy-sufferers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945349 | 236 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Increased beds as well as raised gardens supply much easier access to yards and also can enhance room available for expanding vegetables and also flowers. You will certainly delight in comfort and also easy accessibility when consisting of several in your landscape or on your outdoor patio, deck or balcony.Providing correct care for these elevated growing rooms will certainly guarantee the largest feasible harvest and a growing season full of stunning flowers. Adapting planting techniques and also like fit the requirements of these unique expanding areas can help reduce maintenance.It starts with creating and also keeping a healthy and balanced expanding structure.
Fill your increased beds with a quality growing mix composed mostly of topsoil and compost. Or create your very own planting mix with lasagna and also Hugelkultur techniques. These approaches permit you to transform plant trimmings, compost and a marginal quantity of soil right into a quality planting mix.Elevated yards are generally containers on legs and also typically filled with a top quality, soil-less planting mix. The lighter weight makes it much more suitable for this kind of horticulture. Seek an item that supplies drain yet maintains dampness. Both features are essential when horticulture in smaller volumes of soil.Make sure you have simple access to water and your yards have means for excess water to drain pipes. The restricted dirt mass and also boosted direct exposure to wind, warm and also sunlight
make planting blends dry out faster than in-ground beds. Always water extensively to urge deep, more drought forgiving roots.Extend the time in between watering by as much as 25 percent with the assistance of a sustainable, organic product like Wild Valley Farms ‘wool pellets (wildvalleyfarms.com). Made from woollen waste, these pellets soak up and
preserve moisture launching it when required by the plants.Purchase an elevated garden with wheels or add casters to the legs if you need to move your yard out of the way for enjoyable. Benefit from the included mobility to move your planter right into the sunlight or color as required throughout the season.Employ room
conserving techniques to maximize your gardens performance. Space plants just far enough apart to reach their mature dimension. Plant quick-maturing veggies like radishes, lettuce as well as beetroots between tomatoes, peppers and various other veggies that take longer to reach full dimension as well as begin creating. You will certainly be collecting the brief period vegetables just as the larger plants need the space.Look for portable blossom and also vegetable varieties that permit you to take advantage of every square inch of these yards. All-America Selections victor Patio Option Yellow Cherry tomato produces up to 100 tomatoes on an 18-inch plant. Mascotte compact shrub bean as well as Patio area Satisfaction peas are big producers suited to these and also little room gardens.Extend your satisfaction and also harvest with succession growings. Fill uninhabited spaces left as soon as a row or block of veggies are harvested. Refurbish ornamental plantings by replacing weather worn flowers with healthy and balanced new selections. Add more growing mix together with wool pellets if needed.Train vining plants onto trellises or various other supports to conserve room and also reduce the risk of condition.
Dress them up by allowing routing natural herbs and flowers to cascade over the edge of these planting beds.Increasing growing success and lowering upkeep will certainly make increased beds as well as raised yards a practical and also effective enhancement to your gardening undertakings. MELINDA MYERS has actually composed more than 20 gardening publications, consisting of Little Space Horticulture. She hosts The Terrific Programs”Just How to Expand Anything” DVD series as well as the nationally-syndicated Melinda’s Garden Minute TELEVISION & radio program. Myers is a reporter and also adding editor for Birds & Blooms publication and also was commissioned by Wild Valley Farms for her proficiency to compose this short article. Myers ‘internet site is www.MelindaMyers.com. | <urn:uuid:860f6042-986c-4487-8aab-1009aa5bd194> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gardening.reporteev.com/take-note-of-tips-for-raised-bed-and-elevated-gardening-success-northeast-mississippi-daily-journal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953672 | 812 | 2.203125 | 2 |
How to Empower Your Faculty in an M-learning Environment
It’s a brave, new world. Educators are facing some of their biggest challenges ever. But at the same time, we’re teetering on the edge of most significant, most exciting revolution; m-learning. If you’re responsible for making it safely to the other side, pay attention to the following.
1. Involve your faculty in design and purchasing decisions
Want to know the single most significant success indicators of an m-learning program? It’s whether the educators were involved from the start. Sure, management has a strategy and budget, and vendors know their products, but nobody knows the kids better than their educators.
Make your faculty part of the decision and implementation process. It will allow them to have their questions addressed before a costly mistake is made. Moreover, you’ll get their buy-in.
2. Provide for professional development
The m-learning environment requires educators to learn new skills. What if educators have grown up in the digital age, you may ask? Well, you can’t assume they know how to turn previously social tools, like Twitter, into professional development tools.
Additionally, this generation struggles more than others to distinguish “fake news” from fact – a critical skill for an educator. Other mobile teaching skills include app-specific knowledge, general technical literacy, digital citizenship and familiarity with communication tools.
3. Allow time for learning
Professional development opportunities only have value if educators have time to benefit from them. Make time for faculty members by freeing them of administrative tasks. There are many time-saving apps and tools for educators to assist with lesson planning and parent correspondence.
4. Enable community collaboration
Learner success has been positively linked to school community collaboration and peer observation. With the transparency provided by tech, educators need support from colleagues more than ever.
A Learning Management System (LMS) like Pedagogue allows educators to learn and grow. It’s a safe space where they can share advice, strategies, tools, hacks, resources, etc., and work together to improve their teaching skills and the academic performance of the learners in their charge.
5. Don’t be prescriptive or restrictive
At the minimum, educators should have the same flexibility on an m-learning platform that they have in their classrooms. Tech provides excellent oversight opportunities, but your educators don’t want to feel like Big Brother is watching them.
Get comfortable with knowing that a thriving m-learning environment won’t happen overnight. Your faculty must feel free to make mistakes and learn from them. If faculty members are scared to try things to break the system, they will bypass it. Remember, an educator’s job and passion is to teach.
6. Ensure stable and efficient infrastructure
Last but not least, educators need to have confidence in the m-learning infrastructure. A system that crashes and forces them to switch between mobile and manual modes of instruction will exhaust and frustrate them.
Infrastructure requirements for m-learning platforms will depend on the LMS and other tools selected. Watch out for concurrent user limits and make an offline/disaster plan part of the implementation requirement. | <urn:uuid:3f40f685-917b-42a7-881c-d8d21c4edeae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theedadvocate.org/how-to-empower-your-faculty-in-an-m-learning-environment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945015 | 666 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Mexican Tres Leches chocolate cake is a delicious cake soaked with three types of milk. Tres leches literally means “three milks” and this cake is a chocolate sponge cake soaked in a sweet milk mixture. It’s a deliciously rich and moist cake that always gets compliments every time it’s served. Covered with a delicious layer of chocolate whipped cream it will satisfy even the greatest lovers of chocolate cakes.
Original recipe by Emma’s Goodies.
Instructions Mexican Tres Leches cake
Melt 70 g of butter with 35 g of chocolate and set aside to let them cool down.
Begin whipping the whites with a drop of lemon juice. As soon as the whites begin to become light and frothy, start adding 150 g of sugar one tablespoon at a time. Whip until the sugar is well incorporated and the mix becomes clear, frothy and shiny. Set aside.
In a bowl, melt 45 g of unsweetened coco powdera with 130 g of previously heated milk. Stir until the cocoa dissolves, then add the chocolate with the butter. Mix well, add three egg yolks and stir again.
At this poin, add sieved 100 g of flour and 1 and a half teaspoons of baking powder. Stir briefly just to mix the ingredients and have no visible traces of flour.
Begin to add the whipped whites by adding a few spoonfuls and stirring gently with movements from the bottom to the top. Add the rest of the whites and stir in gently
Line a 22 – 25 cm squered pan with baking paper and pour the prepared mixture.
Bake in a preheated oven at 160 C for 25 minutes. Check the baking of the cake with the toothpick. I baked the cake in a glass pan so I had to add another 8 minutes and to rais the temperature to 180 C.
Remove from the oven and let it cool down slightly. Then turn the cake over and let it cool completely on a cooling rack. Once it is completely cold put it back in your clean pan. Always lay it with the upper part at the bottom (as in the photo).
The milk bath
Prepare the batk of three milks. Place 15 g of cocoa powder and 28 g of chopped dark chocolate into a bowl. Add 120 ml of hot milk and mix well until the chocolate melts. At this point, add 70 ml of cold cream and 130 ml of sweet condensed milk. Mix well, prick the surface of the cake with a fork and pour the mixture through a sieve to remove any pieces of undissolved chocolate.
Place the pan covered with plastic wrap in the refrigerator to absorb the mixture. The original recipe recommends at least 1 hour but I have noticed better results after the whole night. Also remember that you have to prepare the chocolate whipped cream which needs to be refrigerated for 6 hours to be whipped. Organize your time by preparing the cream first or letting it rest in the fridge together with the cake all night.
Chocolate whipping cream
Heat 125 ml of whipping cream and pour it over the 40 g of choped dark chocolate. Stir to make it dissolve. Add 1 teaspoon of sugar and 1 teaspoon of unsweetened cocoa and the remaining 125 ml of cold cream and mix well. Place it in the refrigerator for about 6 hours.
The next morning, whip the cream until stiff.
Traditionally it is served directly in the pan, leaving the milk bath in the pan. This way it makes the cake slightly less easy to cut but richer because you can add a few teaspoons of syrup on the plate.
Decorate it with the whipped chocolate cream and place it in the refrigerator for 30 minutes.
Serve with few pieces of fresh seasonal fruit to add a fruity note.
To be store in the fridge.
lot of love. B.
p.s. If you are looking for another easy and amazing chocolate cake check my Chocolate and olive oil cake with orange marmalade. (foto below) | <urn:uuid:62781a81-c887-4a71-83dd-17303000284e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foodohfood.it/en/sweets-and-desserts/cakes/mexican-chocolate-tres-leches-cake | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925928 | 831 | 1.679688 | 2 |
“To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man.”
– William Shakespeare
Did you know that nearly half of employers surveyed by Career Builder reported googling candidates before interviewing them? Or did you know that 31% of 381 college admissions offices that responded to a Kaplan telephone survey indicated that they now visited an applicant’s Facebook or other personal social media page to learn more about them. Who we are online is a part of how people define us. It is part of our personality, our integrity, and our character.
This chapter is a balance between avoiding behaving poorly because no one knows it’s me and encouraging each of us to reflect our true selves online.
Let’s start with the easy stuff… to quote Dr. Cowlishaw and Dwight Shrute, “Don’t be an idiot”. Students need to be coached to pause before posting to consider what do they want from this action.
They need to ask themselves…
When our students post their work online, tweet, blog, upload images to facebook, comment on news stories, they are contributing to their digital footprint and with more and more colleges and employers looking to research candidates online, it is important that we help students make good choices about what they share. In fact, it is important that our students careful cultivate and intentional contribute to their digital footprint. While it is clearly worse to content posted that reflects negatively about a student, it seems as though we are coming to a point where students not having a digital footprint could also be problematic. Athletes should be encouraged to share highlights and chronicle their work toward becoming a top athlete. Artists can share their portfolio and their inspirations. Students can curate online opportunities to share their passions, their projects, and their academic prowess so that their digital footprint reflects their true selves.
Another piece of solid advice for our students is to avoid anonymity. Being anonymous often allows people to behave in ways inconsistent with how they would behave in person. Psychologist John Suler coined the term “online disinhibition effect” to describe the disconnect between our online and offline behaviors. Anonymous behavior is also inconsistent with our school’s mission and value statements. It is imperative that we caution our students that hiding behind fake profiles or anonymous postings can allow us to behave poorly without accountability.
Ginny Soskey is the Section Editor for HubSpot’s Marketing Blog and writes about new apps with anonymity.
Will the real you please stand up?
Everyone knows that humans are social creatures that at some level need to belong to a group or community. This can cause us to be overly sensitive to what the group thinks of us. It seems the trick is staying true to yourself while staying connected to the group. Online interactions are no different and are often guided by our need to feel connected and belong. Remember to help students find ways to be true to themselves. Help them be the real version of themselves online and off.
Below are several personality tests. Ask your students to take one and discuss it they think it is accurate. Next ask them to consider how they different personality types might interact using Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.
In the News
Below are several news stories about online interactions and reputations. Discuss the news story with the students. Have them reflect on the situation. Who was involved? Who’s was hurt? Who’s reputation was hurt? Was what happened fair?
A Pittsburgh doctor is being attacked on social media for being a hunter.
Alabama teen takes smiling selfie at the Auschwitz Concentration camp.
Another perspective on why people take pictures or selfies at Auschwitz.
Elijah Hood chose a public way to indicate his college choice. It is worth noting that he changed his mind about where he wanted to go to school later.
Lesson plan, resources, & more
Students consider that they may get online messages from other kids that can make them feel angry, hurt, sad, or fearful. Students identify actions that will make them Upstanders in the face of cyberbullying.
Students learn how photos can be altered digitally. They will consider the creative upsides of photo alteration, as well as its power to distort our perceptions of beauty and health.
Students learn that presenting themselves in different ways online carries both benefits and risks.
Students analyze a “Dress Up Your Avatar” feature of a virtual world for kids for evidence of stereotypes about boys and girls.
Students explore how they and others represent themselves online, and the relationship between online and offline selves.
Students reflect on the different pressures teens face when it comes to editing, posting, and commenting on photos online.
Students learn that cruelty can escalate quickly online because people are often anonymous and posts spread quickly. | <urn:uuid:469d7df7-0d00-4e23-908b-20ef7dee41bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pdsdigitalcitizenship.org/chapter-six-be-real/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953954 | 1,013 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Finding Solutions to the Affordable Housing Shortage
Housing affordability is an urgent issue in California, where a majority of renters (over 3 million households) pay more than 30 percent of their income toward rent and nearly one-third (over 1.5 million households) spend more than 50 percent of their income on rent. In addition, California’s homeownership rates are at the lowest point since the 1940s. That’s why improving the affordability of workforce housing and securing additional funds for affordable housing is a strategic priority for the League in 2017.
Principal Causes of the Affordable Housing Shortage
Local governments are just one piece of the complex scenario that comprises the housing development process. Cities don’t build homes — the private sector does. In California, local governments must zone enough land in their General Plans to meet the state’s projected housing demand; however, cities don’t control local market realities or the availability of state and federal funding needed to support the development of affordable housing. This is true not just in California but nationwide, as I have observed firsthand in my work with the National League of Cities in Washington, D.C., and as a former deputy mayor for the City of Indianapolis.
Significant barriers and disincentives constrain the production of housing. These include:
- Local and national economic and job market conditions;
- Lack of funding and subsidies needed to support housing that low- and moderate-income families can afford; and
- Challenges for developers.
It’s important for city officials to understand these constraints so they can increase awareness among our residents and other stakeholders as to why California has an affordable housing crisis and invite them to participate fully in identifying and crafting solutions.
Local and National Economic and Job Market Conditions
Numerous factors contribute to local and national market conditions that affect the availability of affordable housing. The economic recovery from the Great Recession, when many middle-income families lost their homes to foreclosures, has occurred at different rates in communities throughout California. Areas with high-tech industry and some coastal areas recovered more rapidly than other regions.
Overall, the recovery has been uneven. Jobs in manufacturing and blue-collar industries have not fully rebounded, and jobs in the expanding service sector pay lower wages.
Many households are still struggling to recover from the recession and home foreclosure crisis, and many recent college graduates are carrying significant debt — reducing their ability to purchase a home or pay rent.
Mortgage underwriting standards became more stringent in the aftermath of the foreclosure crisis, which can make it more difficult for potential homebuyers to qualify for the needed financing.
Some of the state’s major homebuilders went out of business during the recession, leaving fewer companies to meet the demand for housing. Production of housing fell dramatically during the recession, which contributed significantly to a shortage of homes across the affordability spectrum. As the chart “Annual Production of Housing Units 2000–2015”(below) shows, housing “starts” statewide are at about half of pre-recession levels and fall far short of the state’s projected need for 180,000 new homes per year.
Housing values also reflect the uneven recovery happening throughout the state. The Wall Street Journal recently compared home prices today to those of 2004. In San Jose, which is part of Silicon Valley where tech jobs pay top wages, prices are 54 percent higher than 2004 levels, but this is not so in areas hindered by a slower recovery from the recession. In Central Valley cities such as Stockton and Merced, housing prices are 21 and 16 percent lower respectively.
Lack of Funding and Subsidies
In addition to private sector financing, funding and subsidies to support the development of affordable housing come from two primary sources: federal and state government housing programs.
It’s extremely rare for a single affordable housing program to provide enough funding to finance an entire development, due to the costs of development and funding constraints and criteria that encourage developers to leverage other funds. The developer will typically apply for funding from multiple programs and private sector lenders that have overlapping policy goals and requirements. Private-sector lenders may also have additional criteria. The process of applying for and securing funding from multiple sources can add significantly to the lead time needed to start construction.
One multifamily development can easily need five to 10 funding sources to finance its construction. Developers generally layer financing from state and federal tax credits, state housing programs, local land donation and other local grants, federal housing programs and private loans from financial institutions. The chart “Sample Funding Mixes for Affordable Multifamily Developments” (below) offers an example of funding mixes for affordable multifamily developments.
Federal funding for affordable housing comprises a significant portion of California’s resources to support affordable housing. However, due to pressures to cut federal spending and reduce the deficit, federal funding for housing has declined in recent years despite the increase in the number of severely cost-burdened, low-income renter households (which rose from 1.2 million in 2007 to 1.7 million in 2014). Between 2003 and 2015, CDBG and HOME funds allocated to California to produce affordable housing units have declined by 51 percent and 66 percent respectively (see “HUD Program Allocations to California 2003–2015” below).
Furthermore, few sources of affordable housing funding are stable or growing from year to year despite an increasing population and demand for housing. This funding uncertainty deters both efforts to address housing challenges in a sustained manner and developers’ ability to build affordable housing.
At the state level, the elimination of redevelopment agencies and the subsequent loss of over $5 billion in funding since 2011 compounded California’s affordable housing challenges. The state has never had a significant permanent source of affordable housing funding, and proceeds from the 2006 housing bond that helped create and preserve affordable apartments, urban infill infrastructure and single-family homes have been expended.
With pressure continuing in Washington, D.C., to close the deficit, the limited resources that cities have relied on from the federal government are likely to continue to be under attack or at risk for the foreseeable future. At the state level, Gov. Brown’s proposed budget for 2017–18 does not include any additional state funding for affordable housing. This decline in federal funding and the lack of state funding continue to have a profound impact on the availability of affordable housing.
A recent report from the state Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), California’s Housing Future: Challenges and Opportunities, examines in detail many of the issues described here. However, policy responses must start with restoring a sufficient source of funding for affordable housing.
Challenges for Developers
In addition to funding challenges to develop affordable housing, other challenges further exacerbate the obstacles to development, including:
- Identifying an adequate supply of water;
- Complying with state regulations and energy standards, greenhouse gas reduction requirements and other environmental conditions;
- Competing with other developers to build high-end, more expensive housing;
- Infrastructure deficits;
- Market conditions, such as those described earlier; and
- The cost of land and construction.
In addition — but to a far lesser degree — factors at the local level can also impact the development of affordable housing. In some cities, new development requires a referendum and voter approval. Community concerns about growth, density and preserving the character of an area may affect local development. Project opponents can use the environmental permitting process and litigation to limit or stop a project. However, the process of complying with the California Environmental Quality Act also serves to protect communities by ensuring that important environmental issues are identified and addressed.
Impacts of the Affordable Housing Shortage
The shortage of affordable housing and the rising costs of developing affordable housing for the workforce are compounding a growing inequality statewide. This also limits employment opportunities for California workers and advancement opportunities for younger adults who can’t afford to live near their place of work or in areas where jobs are available.
Although California comprises 12 percent of the nation’s population, it is home to 22 percent of the nation’s homeless population. The need for affordable housing for these individuals and families is urgent and relentless; it affects virtually every community in the state.
And for people with disabilities and our most vulnerable residents, according to HCD, “Discrimination and inadequate accommodations are worsening housing cost and affordability challenges.”
What Is Needed to Craft Solutions
We can waste time pointing the finger of blame at local governments and others for the housing shortage or we can ensure that the tools we have are robust, efficient and effective.
Three relatively new tools (see “New Tools for Building Communities” below) offer innovative opportunities for communities to build affordable housing — however, unlike the redevelopment tools of the past, these require collaborative, creative approaches.
The League’s strategic priority on affordable housing calls for us to: “Increase state and federal financial support, reduce regulatory barriers, and provide additional incentives and local financial tools to address the affordability of workforce housing and increase the availability of affordable housing.”
The affordable housing shortage is a quality-of-life issue that affects each of us. Local governments stand ready to be part of the solution, and we invite the state and affordable housing stakeholders to join us. We take our responsibility seriously.
As mentioned earlier, it’s vitally important to raise our residents’ awareness of the underlying causes of the affordable housing shortage so they can be active participants in developing solutions. Public engagement in local and state policy-making is a core value for California, and our residents deserve and expect to have a voice in decisions that impact their community. Their participation enriches and informs the process — it is essential.
To address the affordable housing crisis and develop viable solutions, we need all the players and stakeholders at the table — developers, the financial community, residents, business owners and representatives from local government and state government — to begin discussing innovation and creativity. A real solution must involve everyone at the table. We welcome your ideas, suggestions and input. Let’s get to work.
Federal Funding Details
Federal funding for affordable housing works to increase the supply of affordable housing by providing tax credits, grants or loans to support housing production or rehabilitation. Some federal programs can also lower the cost of rental housing by providing rental assistance that reduces the rent paid by an income-eligible household, but allows the property owner to collect rents that are closer to market-rate levels.
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) allocates funding for affordable housing directly to larger cities and urbanized counties through four main grant programs:
- Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program is designed to benefit low- and moderate-income families and funds local community development activities such as affordable housing, anti-poverty programs and infrastructure development;
- HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) supports affordable housing, particularly for low- and very low-income individuals;
- Emergency Solutions Grant Program helps individuals and families quickly regain stability in permanent housing after experiencing a housing crisis or homelessness; and
- Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS (HOPWA) provides housing assistance and related supportive services to meet the housing needs of low-income individuals living with HIV/AIDS and their families.
HUD also provides funding through these programs to the states that, in turn, make subgrants to smaller cities.
New Tools for Building Communities
The following three tools, created to help local governments with affordable housing development, offer new ways to develop affordable housing.
Recent legislation, AB 2031 (Bonta, Chapter 453, Statutes of 2016), established Affordable Housing Beneficiary Districts within the same geographical boundaries of the jurisdiction’s redevelopment agency successor agencies. This law allows a jurisdiction to redirect its distribution of property tax revenue payable to the city or county from the Redevelopment Property Tax Trust Fund to the affordable housing beneficiary district for as long as the successor agency exists. The jurisdiction is then authorized to issue bonds against the property tax revenue to provide financial assistance in the form of loans, grants and other incentives to develop affordable housing.
Enhanced Infrastructure Financing Districts (EIFDs), enacted via SB 628 (Beall, Chapter 785, Statutes of 2014) are a relatively new tool that can fund housing, transit priority projects, sustainable communities strategies, military base reuse, brownfields restoration and more using tax-increment financing. They may not redirect property tax revenue from K–14 schools, but can provide funding for a wide range of uses similar to redevelopment agencies if the participating affected taxing entities agree to provide their tax-increment revenue to the EIFD.
Community Revitalization and Investment Authorities (CRIAs), enacted via AB 2 (Alejo, Chapter 319, Statutes of 2015), provide another new way for local governments to fund various types of economic revitalization programs, including low- and moderate-income housing, using tax-increment financing.
State of California Department of Housing and Community Development California’s Housing Future: Challenges and Opportunities (Public Draft)
Photo credits: Andy Dean Photography/Shutterstock.com (doormat) | <urn:uuid:98f7a13e-8970-4e30-8066-fdd9f4521833> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.westerncity.com/article/finding-solutions-affordable-housing-shortage | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941676 | 2,712 | 2.28125 | 2 |
We do not currently deliver to your Area. We will add your area shortly.
The build up of grease within extraction systems is the biggest fire risk hazard within a commercial kitchen. As airborne grease cools through the Kitchen Duct system it congeals and deposits along the ducting. This build up of grease pose’s a major fire hazard as it is extremely flammable and should be removed by a certified professional and kitchen duct cleaning is one of H&G’s field of expertise..
The effects of grease build-up within a kitchens extraction system will also affect the performance of the system and will limit the amount of air that it can extract. This grease-filled air will then circulate within the kitchen, creating an unsafe, poorly ventilated kitchen with poor indoor air quality.
With 10 years of experience within the kitchen duct cleaning sector, H&G is a one-stop solution for the complete de-greasing and cleaning of all types of kitchen extraction systems, blower and ecological units.
Shine Zakharia - March 7, 2019:
Excellent Service and easy to book.
Anand S - Sep 2, 2019:
The Service was very professional and on time. | <urn:uuid:27680091-da68-4eb8-b363-3d0dab676514> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hitchesglitches.com/products/kitchen-exhaust-duct-cleaning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950201 | 247 | 1.53125 | 2 |
TAMPA, Fla. — Juneteenth: it’s a celebration that’s getting more attention amid racial awakening nationwide, but what is the history behind the holiday?
10 Tampa Bay reporter Emerald Morrow spoke to local historian Fred Hearns and local history teacher and activist Kenneth McElroy for answers.
NOTE: This conversation has been edited for length and clarity
Reporter: The Fourth of July is a well-known holiday for obvious reasons, but Juneteenth has its roots in another type of independence. Can you explain?
Fred Hearns, local historian: Juneteenth, June 19, 1865, represents the last date on which African Americans were informed that they were set free, that they had been liberated by, of course, the Emancipation Proclamation, which actually was supposed to go into effect on January 1, 1863.
Reporter: The Emancipation Proclamation did not truly set all slaves free. Why is that?
Kenneth McElroy, history teacher and activist: When President Abraham Lincoln did the Emancipation Proclamation, it was a military strategy. Definitely a military move. Initially, in 1863, it was more aimed at destabilizing the Confederacy. So, many slaves had escaped the Confederacy, and they were going to union lines. Also, the Emancipation Proclamation applied to Southern states. It was not aimed at those border states at all.
Reporter: That means many Africans and African Americans in Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware remained property of slaveholders. What did Lincoln truly think of slavery and African Americans?
McElroy: President Abraham Lincoln did think that slavery was morally wrong, but he also did not think that Black people were equal to White people. One of the ideas that he actually had was that since so many White people were hostile to Black people, they should go back to Africa. In our mindset today, especially, that would seem pretty racist, especially seeing as how the Black people were just as much from America as White people.
Reporter: Many African Americans have begun to take more comfort in celebrating Juneteenth over July 4th. Can you talk about the reasons behind that?
Hearns: It represented liberation for White people in the United States. It didn't represent freedom for African Americans in the United States. But you know, we're people of tradition, and so a lot of African Americans celebrate the Fourth of July because traditionally, it's done on a wide scale in the United States. But when you really get down to, ‘what did that day really mean in history for Black people?’ It didn't really mean anything.
McElroy: We know that Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that all men were created equally. So, we celebrate this holiday on July 4th, but the thing is that Black people at the time, many Black people, were slaves.
Reporter: What about African Americans in Tampa?
Hearns: A lot of people don't know this, but freedom came to some 100 enslaved Africans in Tampa on May 5th and 6th. It was early in the morning of May 6, 1864.
Reporter: So, for many Black Americans--independence started with the end of slavery---marked by the Juneteenth celebrations we're starting to see more of in this age of social consciousness?
McElroy: That's what we celebrate as the independence day for Black people because that's when we were free and that's when many other fights that we had to have, began.
- Tampa Mayor Jane Castor plans to implement a mandatory face mask order Friday
- Coronavirus, daily care putting a burden on Florida hospital beds
- Hillsborough County to discuss, vote on mandatory mask order on Monday
- Nearly 2 years after his murder, 'Jordan's law' signed by Gov. DeSantis
- How to make your own face mask without a sewing machine
- UF to stop using 'Gator Bait' cheer
- Study: Florida could be next epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic
- This big cloud of dust heading toward Tampa Bay could mean spectacular sunsets and unlikely hurricane chances for now
- FREE 10 TAMPA BAY APP:
►Stay In the Know! Sign up now for the Brightside Blend Newsletter | <urn:uuid:d9051104-5fe3-42e2-bb7f-408d6791707e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wtsp.com/article/news/history/the-history-of-juneteenth/67-d991bb50-0ff6-45d6-bce2-3308ed3f1dc4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.98032 | 888 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Once you move into adulthood, no one is responsible for your life but you. You and you alone are in control, so take charge of your life.
Don’t be satisfied sitting back and letting things happen to you. Take back the steering wheel and start driving. You are in control unless you’ve decided to give that control away; if you have, then stop complaining.
If you are unhappy, however, there is a simple solution, take charge of yourself. This means taking control of your body, mind and faith. Why? Well, because you are the one in charge.
Simple does not mean it is always easy, but the answer itself is straightforward. If we are to be truly happy, we need to stop living someone else’s life and start living our own. Be true to your authentic self. If you want to take charge of your life, continue reading.
Take charge of your body
Nobody forces you to eat unhealthy food. You control what you put in your mouth. It doesn’t mean you can’t have something you enjoy; it means all things within reason. Don’t overindulge in unhealthy food and under indulge in the stuff that is good for you.
Hydration is also essential to your body. Make sure you are getting enough water. If you don’t like plain water, squeeze a lemon into it. Not only is it tasty, but it also helps flush your body of toxins. You can also add veggies like cucumber or berries to your water as well.
Keep your body moving. Exercise is a word that many people dislike, so let’s just focus on moving your body. Do something you enjoy. Take a walk, dance, ride a bike, just do something you enjoy that keeps you moving.
Take charge of your mind
What you allow into your thoughts is just as important as what you allow into your body. Don’t fill your mind with self-limiting beliefs and negative self-talk.
When you allow negativity into your mind, your emotions can begin to spin out of control—sadness sets in, followed by depression. Self-doubt seeps in, followed by self-loathing.
You must fill your thoughts with positive things. Yes, we will get sad, but we can choose to focus on the love rather than the loss. We can turn our negative self-talk switch off and change the channel to positive self-talk.
Use words of encouragement and understanding, love and compassion. Direct them not just at others but towards yourself as well. You are a beautiful individual with much to offer this world.
Take charge of your faith
Don’t just show up and say you go to church, participate and live your faith. Be responsible for your relationship with God. Every relationship is a two-way path, so why should it be any different with God?
We should strengthen our relationship with God every day. Talk to him, share with him your thoughts, your successes and your failures, your fears and joy.
Don’t always complain or ask for things either. Thank him for the blessings in your life. Thank him for the gift of forgiveness and for providing you with the strength to get through the tough times.
The only person who is one hundred percent responsible for your life is you. Stop waiting. Take action now and take charge of your life.
Free inspirational or motivational posts can be found on the inspirational page of my website. | <urn:uuid:1526a750-c826-4c3d-85aa-35d14af6ccd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lcdobson.ca/2021/02/03/take-charge-of-your-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953911 | 723 | 2.375 | 2 |
Start Today, Not Tomorrow! The Empath’s Guide to Overcoming Ego & Fear and Changing Your Life Start TODAY toward Changing Your Life and Letting Go of Fear! This is a new motivational video from Angie Atkinson, who implores you in this motivational speech to stop wasting time and start today not tomorrow!!
Are you comfortable with only making $50k or being 20 lbs. overweight? If you don’t raise your standards, you’re stuck. Are you okay with marrying someone that hits you a few times a year and verbally abuses you the rest of the time? What is the outcome of that standard?
You’re likely to end up with whatever is acceptable to you and little more.
Raise your standards and enrich your life:
1. Your standards determine the lower level of what’s acceptable to you. What’s the least you’re willing to accept in your life? What do you really want? You won’t sink below your standards, but you won’t rise too far above them either. When your standards have been violated, you’ll get busy in a hurry to change your situation.
2. You can raise your standards at any time. Your standards are entirely up to you. You have the right to thrive. You weren’t put on the planet to just exist and scrape by. Determine your own destiny.
3. Your most important standards deal with your own conduct. Are you willing to tolerate being late again? Procrastination? Letting your family down? Not speaking up for yourself? Making changes in this area will have the greatest impact because all aspects of your life are influenced. Become a more effective person by raising your expectations of your behavior.
4. Determine a standard you’re committed to raising. Perhaps you’d like to make more money or take more calculated risks in life. What would impact your life the most? How would your behavior change if you adopted that new standard?
5. Visualize success in that area. Imagine yourself in that high-paying job or enjoying time with better friends. Focus on the feeling it generates. That feeling will draw you to your new standards like a magnet.
6. Take aggressive action. You’ll know when your new standards have taken hold because your behavior will change. If you’re still stuck, your standards haven’t changed enough.
7. See your new standard as a fundamental shift, rather than as a goal. See yourself as the person that makes health a priority. This is much more powerful than having a goal of losing 25 lbs. When you change who you are, many of your results will change, too.
8. Recognize when you’re living up to your new standards. If you’re trying to save more money, make note of all the times you’re behaving congruently. You might buy less expensive food at the store, skip your morning latte, or carpool to work. Point out your progress to yourself and feel excited.
9. Consider what could happen if you fail to live up to your new standards. Keeping with the money-saving example, you might not be able to pay your bills on time or you might have to work at 65 instead of retiring. Make a list and understand the pain you face if you don’t stay on track.
Tony Robbins has said that raising his standards was the most important factor in turning his life around. It’s important to set a baseline for what you’re willing to accept in life. You don’t get what you want in life, you get what you’re willing to tolerate. Have high standards and your life will rise to meet them.
The stomach is one of the hardest parts to flatten in the body. Everyone wants perfect abs, but it takes works and commitment to get them. You can spend hours at the gym fighting for flatter abs, but if your diet isn’t focused, then you’ll struggle to achieve the results you desire.
Luckily, there are foods you can eat – and some to avoid – that can help you in your endeavor for flat abs.
Let’s look at some general guidelines for healthy meals that will help tone your body and stomach area, along with those foods you’ll want to add more of.
General Food Guidelines
Some foods to avoid for flatter abs:
- Avoid sugar and junk food, such as salty chips and pretzels, as much as possible.
- Alcohol is also high in both calories and sugar, so that’s one to avoid as well.
- It’s also important to shun trans fats and other fats that aren’t healthy. When looking at your food labels, if you see “hydrogenated” fats or oils, put it back. Many labels will say something like “No Trans Fats” right on the front to help you find the products without them.
Food groups to include in your diet for flatter abs:
Focus on fiber. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, especially in raw form, will give you the fiber you need to support your goal.
- Stick to natural foods, rather than processed items. Most grocery stores keep the natural foods, such as fruits, veggies, eggs, meat, and dairy, along the edges of the store. You might want to venture into the middle for some minimally processed items, like rice, beans, healthy oils, and spices.
Foods to Add to Your Grocery List
Make these foods a standing order for every week:
- Chili peppers. Chili peppers should be at the top of your grocery list. They’re spicy, can kick up any recipe, and can boost metabolism. The capsaicin in chili peppers may also help you burn fat as you reach for flatter abs.
- The protein in yogurt can keep you full for long periods, so you’re not tempted to eat junk food. Yogurt also has other nutrients that can help you get a flatter stomach: Yogurt contains probiotics that may help your digestive system and reduce belly fat. The calcium in yogurt is also important because it has been linked to flatter abs.
- This white vegetable has sulforaphane, a nutrient that has been linked to lower belly fat because it can reduce fat cells. Cauliflower also has high fiber, so you’ll feel full and have a stronger digestive system.
- Green tea. Green tea is mostly known for its powerful antioxidants, but it also has fat fighting power. Green tea has been shown in studies to promote a higher metabolism. It can also give you more energy, so you can finish your workouts to get flatter abs.
Consider Your Entire Diet
Although adding these specific foods will help you get a flatter stomach, it’s important to look at your overall diet for best results.
Simply adding more yogurt or green tea isn’t enough if your meal plans aren’t healthy. Your body needs nutritional support to fight fat. Include protein, carbs, and healthy fats at each meal. Ensure you’re getting enough vitamins and minerals from your food and drinks.
For best results, plan your meals ahead of time. This will help you avoid grabbing items from vending machines or fast food that doesn’t support your goal.
Give yourself a fighting chance! Follow these tips for getting flatter abs and making your workouts more meaningful.
Narcissists have a way of really reeling in their victims, and it usually begins the moment you meet them. They’ll work hard to create an intoxicating bubble around you, presenting only false selves. They will do whatever it takes to win you over – and you’ll fall for it, hook, line, and sinker – even and sometimes especially when you technically should “know better.”
But once you’ve committed to this person, it’s usually too late. You’re already found yourself caught in their web of lies that nearly eliminates any chance of you leaving them. Worse, the lies they tell during the “honeymoon” phase can be very strategic – or the narcissist could just be infatuated with you. Either way, they appear as if they care deeply about your welfare. In reality, this is what love bombing is all about.
What is love bombing?
Love bombing is an intense, overwhelming whirlwind experience of being romantically pursued by another that includes overtures of grandiose, idealized love and devotion. These displays may consist of poetry, flowers, cards, and gifts—even marriage proposals or fraudulent offers of “forever” love. Love bombing is also called idealization. It usually happens during the initial stages of a relationship with a narcissist, when they attribute exaggeratedly positive qualities to the self or others. It’s the first part of a larger cycle of abuse.
What is the cycle of narcissistic abuse?
The cycle of narcissistic abuse is a pattern used by a narcissistic personality disorder, psychopathic, or sociopathic person to entrap their victims into giving them narcissistic supply. Unfortunately, the more they are given, the more narcissistic supply they feel they need. And the more intensely they are loved (or hate), the more shame is exposed, triggering greater and greater fears of destruction that ultimately result in narcissistic rage. For the most part, victims will experience four main phases, including the idealization phase, also known as love bombing, followed by the devaluation and discard phases. Thus, this cycle of abuse is a pervasive pattern of alternating idealization and devaluation.
How can I tell if I’m being love-bombed?
Why is it so hard to tell the difference between a love bomber and someone interested in you on a healthy level? The fact is that on the outside, a love bomber and a healthy person who has fallen in love might appear to be pretty similar. But some subtle differences are often overlooked when we are under the spell of new love.
What kinds of things do narcissists say during love bombing?
I asked my SPAN online support group this question: What are some things your narcissist said to you during the “love bombing” phase of your relationship? As we discussed the topic, several group members felt shocked about the similarities between their stories. It was in black and white: the plain pattern that seems to flow throughout nearly every toxic relationship with a narcissist – at least in some iteration.
Below are their answers – as you look through this list, I want you to think back to the beginning of your relationship – do you see a pattern, too?.
53 Lies Narcissists Tell When Love Bombing
Narcissists in love-bombing mode seem to tell some pretty common lies meant to throw us off the scent of what’s happening in the relationship. By learning to spot these red flags, you can better protect yourself from falling victim to their manipulations and behaviors. **Trigger warning: These are actual statements from toxic narcissists shared with me by real survivors of narcissistic abuse.**
- “You seem like the type of person I would want to marry someday.”
- I never wanted children until I met you.
- I’m divorced.
- It’s all you – all the time. (Because I have no friends.)
- My exes are all crazy bitches. (The same narc asked at the end of the relationship: “Is it okay to still visit for sex after our divorce?”)
- Your mother/sister/father/brother is messed up! I hid out in the other room while they were here because they gave me a bad vibe.
- How dare you put your kids before me?
- You don’t love me! Only your children.
- The day after, he had been drunk the night before. There was never an apology for his bad behavior, but he would always ask, “do you still love me?” And, of course, I would shower him with the reassurance of how much I loved him.
- “I just want to be with someone who wants to be with me for the same reasons I want to be with them.”
- You’ve never met anyone like me.
- “I love you” (a few days to a few months).
- “I will die without you.”
- “I will do anything to get you back. Please tell me you love me.”
- “Can I take the condom off? You know I will take care of you.” (3 days before, he discarded me for his new victim. Probably because I said no and wasn’t going to take him back without him becoming a decent human being.)
- “You remind me of my mother.”
- “The only way I’ll ever leave you is in a pine box.” (And left three days later, for a month, before coming back.)
- You’re all mine now, and I’m not letting you get away!
- “God sent you to me.” (a couple of days in)
- Oh, I never used to yell this much before my ex-wife… (and other irrational or jealous statements/accusations)
- I’ve never loved anyone as much as you before. I couldn’t live without you now.
- How much do you love me? (I was asked this almost daily ).
- Will, you always love me (again almost daily when he wasn’t giving silent treatment ).
- Why do you love me?
- You love me more than I do you!
- I think you’re a good investment!
- I wish I met you 30 years ago. We’d have been so successful.
- So, when’s the wedding? (2 weeks in)
- I just suddenly fell in love with you (the day after seeing my new house ).
- You’re perfect for me.
- No one will ever love you as much as me.
- I don’t need anyone but you.
- You’ve made me happy.
- My wife was cold and hated sex.
- My wife didn’t talk to me.
- My wife has issues.
- “I did everything to save my marriage” (I didn’t know about his 2-year affair, which he was still in when he forced himself into my home, saying he’d left his wife for me, and I couldn’t refuse him and make him homeless. So we weren’t even going out together. He was just a friend through work!)
- “I know how wonderful it can be when two people truly love each other share the same goals.”
- The narcissist made various graphic statements regarding my anatomy.
- It could have been anyone, but no, it was me and no one else who was the perfect one for him.
- He knew I was his soulmate.
- He knew from the first time he saw me that I was the one for him.
- He never had as intimate a relationship with anyone before me.
- Sex has never been this good with others
- “I’ve never been love like this”
- “You’re my dream girl!”
- “I don’t know what hit me.”
- That was the first time I called a woman on my phone. It has been so long.” (7 months to be exact, but with hookers in between that and meeting me.)
- “When I went out with my friends, I would not talk to any other women… Until I met you. You’re amazing.”
- “I don’t do violence.”
- “We are like soul mates, aren’t we “
- “Where would I be without you?”
- “I’ve never been with a girl as pretty as you.”
Okay, now it’s your turn. How many of these phrases sound familiar to you? What would you add to our list?
Need more help? You might like to read Your Love is My Drug: How to Shut Down a Narcissist, Detoxify Your Relationships & Live the Awesome Life You Really Deserve, Starting Right Now.
Start Getting Help with Narcissistic Abuse Recovery Today
Online help is readily available for survivors of narcissistic abuse. Here are some options to begin healing from narcissistic abuse right away.
- Sign up for our free email newsletter service that includes a free guided recovery experience via your inbox.
- Start your narcissistic abuse recovery here with our free narcissistic abuse recovery support system and program.
- Join one of our free online narcissistic abuse recovery support groups!
- Join one of our private small coaching groups!
- Get private, one-on-one narcissistic abuse recovery coaching or counseling.
- Get a therapist who will work with you online. Check out our guide to finding a therapist or psychologist who understands narcissism and narcissistic abuse.
Additional Resources for Survivors of Narcissistic Abuse
- Take the Test: Are you involved with a toxic narcissist?
- How to Use NLP and EFT for Narcissistic Abuse Recovery
- Narcissistic Abuse Recovery: Should you warn the new ‘supply’ about the narcissist?
- Narcissistic Abuse Recovery: 9 Ways to Stop a Panic Attack
- Toxic Relationship Recovery: Deciding Who You Want to Be After Narcissistic Abuse
- Narcissistic Abuse Recovery: 9 Ways to Get Over the Fear of Rejection
Juicing – Day 1
Weight – 189 lbs
Feeling – Full of energy – HUNGRY (not starving but very hungry)
Workout #1: Pure Cardio – Insanity
This morning I was joined by my 17 year old daughter, Logen, in what was to become our first juicing experience. I was quite impressed with how easy it was to juice and how tasty our drink was. What shocked me was the amount of food that went into the juicer and not a lot of juice came out. Took us 6 medium oranges and 1/2 a mango to create 2 coffee cups of juice about 3/4 the way full. However, what we drank was delicious! Frothy on top but I did not mind. It was yummy and delicious and I felt great all morning. Got my workout in and didn’t feel overly exhausted afterwards. However, this is only day one. I just hope my energy level stays up.
Orange – Mango
6 Oranges – Peeled
1/2 Mango – Peeled and Sliced
(This produced 15 oz of juice)
Went shopping today for more apples from my favorite grocery store. Decided to make this my solid meal for the day and consumed the entire apple while driving home. Can we say HUNGRY? Maybe it is my brain telling me I’m hungry even if I’m not. I was thinking that other times I can go all day without thinking of food. Now that I have decided to start juicing my head is like EAT! However, I am stronger than this and all I ate was an apple because juicing is good for my body and I will succeed! Now I just need to make it to dinner.
Workout #2: In The Pocket: Cize
Youngest wanted to try juicing so of course I let her make my next drink. Yummy! I actually was not very hungry by this point in my day. I am a late night eater so I’m sure that tonight will be BRUTAL. I took a few sips and then kept it in the fridge until later when I was ready to drink it. So far so good with the juicing. I am grumpy. I have to admit that day 1 wasn’t a complete disaster. Again this juice I made with split in half and shared with my daughter. I did not drink the entire 20 oz. I could not have drank all of that anyway. Excited for tomorrow!!
Pineapple – Apple – Cucumber
2 Cups Pineapple – Not the core
2 Medium Cucumbers – Peeled
(This produced 20 oz of juice)
Who am I? Just a regular person like you who wants to better herself and her life. Check me out here if you want to connect or know more. 🙂 | <urn:uuid:8ec719fd-0f9a-426f-9d9d-0c99ede43218> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://queenbeeing.com/tag/energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959899 | 4,370 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The last few decades have seen a remarkable explosion in the different types of securities that are tradeable on the world’s financial markets.
These days you can buy shares on an instalment plan, buy and sell future shares in the present, and even sell shares that you don’t own, that belong to other people.
We can only wonder at the extraordinary ingenuity of the financial engineers who dreamed up these instruments. But these are the same geniuses who also gave us the CDOs - opaque, pooled streams of mortgage income that nearly wrecked the entire world financial system.
One of the things that all these instruments have in common is that none of them generate any more capital for the companies who ultimately produce all of the value that underpins them.
So what about developing a new type of security that would generate a continuous stream of capital for companies? At the moment, companies make an issue of new shares, and receive an influx of new capital on a once-only basis when they first sell these shares to the public. But once these shares enter the second-hand market, aka share market, companies no longer benefit from them being sold, even though they may be sold hundreds, or even thousands of times again, in some cases at 100 times their original value.
This is a little reminiscent of the art market, where artists benefit from selling their paintings to the first buyer, but have traditionally received nothing when the paintings are resold years later, perhaps for hundreds of thousands of dollars or more. If Van Gogh were still around, he would still be a pauper.
In Australia we have seen the obscene spectacle of Indigenous art being sold at these types of prices while the artists barely have enough food to eat.
It was for these reasons that many countries have now introduced resale royalties for art, in which a small surcharge on the resale price is returned to the artist, who, after all, is the original creator of all the value that everyone receives from the painting.
What about applying the same type of system to shares? Companies too are the creators of all the value, and also the added value, that accrues to shares. Shares only appreciate in value if the company is successful and the amount of profit per share increases. Consequently, shares are usually valued at a certain multiple of the earnings per share.
Why shouldn’t BHP Billiton or Westpac get, say, 1 per cent of the resale price of every BHP or Westpac share that is sold on the stock market? This would give them a tidy amount of extra capital to plough into expanding their operations, and therefore creating additional value. And the beauty of it is that they could obtain this extra capital at effectively no cost, and because they would not have to issue additional shares, they would not be diluting the returns that each shareholder can get in the short term (i.e. before the increased productivity flows through the pipeline).
On any given day, 15 million BHP shares might change hands on the Australian Stock Exchange, at say $30 per share (less at the depressed prices in the current downturn). At the rate of 1 per cent per share, this could generate $4.5 million in additional capital for BHP in one day’s trading.
Of course other companies have lower share prices, and would thus generate lower amounts of extra capital. I know of another mining company, Admiralty Resources, that has fallen on hard times and had to sell its most valuable asset (a salt lake rich in lithium) to survive, because it couldn’t raise the money to develop it.
Discuss in our Forums
See what other readers are saying about this article!
Click here to read & post comments.
4 posts so far. | <urn:uuid:ebab3d73-01ea-4ff4-aa49-cb708048ecd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=8237 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958032 | 776 | 2.125 | 2 |
The Polish Act on counteracting COVID-19 entered into force
The Polish Act on counteracting COVID-19 entered into force
On 31 March, 2020 an amendment to the Act on specific solutions related to the preventing, counteracting and combating COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them, together with other acts (the “Act”) entered into force. The Act is a part of what is commonly referred to as the “anti-crisis shield” and it significantly extends the scope of measures in force aimed at addressing the issues related with the current pandemic.
Economic downtime and reduction in working hours
One of the solutions proposed by the Act is to introduce the possibility of concluding an agreement with employees on declaring economic downtime and reducing the working time by 20%, but not more than up to 0,5 full-time job.
The agreement is concluded between the employer and the workers' representatives, i.e. the trade unions or, failing that, the representative elected by the workers.
Although the Act does not provide for the possibility of unilateral introduction of new terms and conditions of the employment contract by the employer, it does introduce to some extent new possibilities for the employer. On the basis of the previous provisions of the Labour Code there was (and still is) subject to certain conditions a possibility:
- for employers with at least 20 employees - to suspend in whole or in part the provisions of the company's labour law, i.e. the remuneration regulations, bonuses or collective agreement which contained regulations providing for additional benefits for employees, the implementation of which burdened the budget of the employer (bonuses, prizes, additional severance pay);
- for employers with fewer than 20 employees - the suspension of the working conditions and remuneration conditions of the employment contracts. By way of this agreement, it is therefore possible to reduce the working hours and reduce the employee's remuneration accordingly.
Subsidy to the employer from the GEBF
The Act also provides for the possibility for the employer to receive a subsidy from the Guaranteed Employee Benefits Fund ("GEBF") to the employee's remuneration:
- in case of introducing economic downtime in the amount of 50% of the minimum remuneration (currently PLN 1.300 gross);
- in the case of reduced working hours (by 20%, not more than up to 0,5 full-time job) - up to half of the remuneration, but not more than 40% of the average remuneration (currently PLN 2.079,4 gross)
However, an employee who earned more than 300% of the forecasted average monthly remuneration in the national economy in 2020 in the previous month (currently PLN 15,681) will not be entitled to receive such subsidy;
The funding will be available to any entrepreneur (micro, small, medium, large), who:
- was not in arrears with social security contributions and tax liabilities until the end of Q3 2019;
- recorded a decline in economic turnover:
i. not less than 15% calculated as the ratio of the total turnover during any 2 consecutive calendar months falling in the period after January 1, 2020 to the day preceding the day of filing the application to the GEBF as compared to the total turnover during the same 2 consecutive calendar months of the previous year, or
ii. not less than 25% calculated as the ratio of the turnover from any given calendar month after January 1, 2020 to the day preceding the day of filing the application to the GEBF as compared to the turnover from the previous month.
The benefits will be available for 3 months from the date of submitting the application to Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and GEBF.
Subsidy from the Labour Office
Regardless of the fact that the employer may obtain funding from GEBF, he may also apply for funding of a part of the costs of employees' remuneration and social security contributions by District Labour Offices.
This form of funding is not available to large enterprises. Only micro, small and medium-sized enterprises are eligible.
Additionally, only those entrepreneurs who have recorded a decrease in turnover in terms of quantity or value, calculated as a ratio of total turnover during any 2 consecutive calendar months, falling in the period after January 1, 2020 to the day preceding the date of submitting the application for co-financing, will be entitled to obtain co-financing, as compared to total turnover from the same 2 consecutive calendar months of the previous year; – there is no condition for particular size of the decrease, but the amount of the subsidy depends on the size of decrease.
- At least 30% of the decrease, the subsidy may amount to 50% of the remuneration, but not more than 50% of the guaranteed minimum remuneration
- With at least a 50% decrease, the subsidy may amount to 70% of the remuneration, but not more than 70% of the minimum remuneration
- At least 80% of the decrease, the subsidy may amount to 70% of the remuneration, but not more than 90% of the minimum remuneration
The grant is awarded on the basis of a contract with the District Labour Office for a maximum period of 3 months and is paid monthly.
The employer must also maintain size of employment for the duration of the grant and afterwards for the same period of time under penalty of repayment of the grant, but without interest.
The application for funding should be submitted by employers to the District Labour Offices, but only after they have announced a call for proposals.
Exemption from ZUS contributions
In addition, the Act provides for the possibility of obtaining exemption from the obligation to pay contributions for mandatory social insurance, health insurance, Labour Fund, Solidarity Fund, Guaranteed Employee Benefits Fund or Bridge Pension Fund, due for the period from March 1, 2020 to May 1, 2020.
However, only micro-entrepreneurs who had a registered business activity before February 1, 2020 will be entitled to such an entitlement.
The application shall be submitted to ZUS by June 30, 2020, i.e. when it is already known that due to difficulties the contribution was not paid.
Suspension of deadlines. During the period of an emergency or a state of epidemic declared due to Covid-19, the commencement and suspension of procedural and court deadlines, was generally suspended. At the same time, the Act ensures that actions taken in order to exercise a right or obligation during the period of suspension of commencement or suspension of the running of time limits are effective. The first draft of the Law provided also for suspension of the civil deadlines (e.g. suspension of limitation periods), finally however a legislator decided to suspend administrative deadlines only.
Liability of corporate bodies for not asserting claims against debtors
If one of the parties to a public procurement contract (the debtor) fails to fulfil or improperly fulfils its obligations under the contract because of COVID-19-related circumstances, the creditor may choose not to assert claims or agree with the debtor to amend the contract. In such case the persons entrusted with the affairs of the creditor, such as the management board, may not be held criminally liable, as well as the management board, the supervisory board, the revision committee or the liquidators of the creditor may not be held liable for damages caused by their inaction.
Shareholders’ meetings and general assemblies
Shareholders may participate in and vote at shareholders’ meetings of limited liability companies (sp. z o.o.) and general assemblies of joint-stock companies (S.A.) by electronic means of communication, unless the articles of association or statute provide otherwise. The decision on participation by electronic means of communication is taken by the body or persons convening the meeting and in case of a limited liability company (sp. z o.o.), the notice convening the meeting must contain information regarding the particulars of the participation, voting, speaking out or raising an opposition.
The rules and regulations of participation in a shareholders’ meeting or general assembly by electronic means of communication shall be adopted by the supervisory board and if one is not present in a limited liability company (sp. z o.o.), the shareholders adopt the relevant bylaws.
Meetings and resolutions of the management board
Members may participate in meetings of the management board by means of direct distance communication, unless the articles of association or statute provide otherwise. The management board may also adopt resolutions in writing or by means of direct distance communication, unless the articles of association or statute provide otherwise.
A member of the management board may participate in the adoption of resolutions by casting their vote in writing via another member unless the articles of association or statute provide otherwise.
Meetings and resolutions of the supervisory board
Members may participate in meetings of the supervisory board of a limited liability company (sp. z o.o.) or a joint-stock company (S.A.) by means of direct distance communication, unless the articles of association or statute provide otherwise.
A member of the supervisory board may participate in the adoption of resolutions by casting their vote in writing via another member unless the articles of association or statute provide otherwise. This procedure does not apply to matters introduced into the agenda during the meeting. The supervisory board may also adopt resolutions in writing or by means of direct distance communication, unless the articles of association or statute provide otherwise. The resolution is valid if all members were informed about the contents of the draft resolution and at least half of the members participated in its adoption.
In the event of the state o epidemic threat or the state of epidemic is announced, the minister responsible for public finance, by way of a regulation, may specify other deadlines for fulfilling obligations concerning records and the preparation, approval, disclosure and submission to the appropriate register, unit or body of financial statements, activity reports and other reports, described among others in the Accounting Act. If the minister indicates new dates, and the law provides that the meetings of the bodies approving these reports (e.g. ordinary meeting of shareholders) should take place earlier than the date indicated by the minister, the meeting of the bodies shall take place until the date indicated by the minister. This means that if the minister extends the deadline for preparing financial statements, for instance, to September 2020, the ordinary meeting of shareholders approving this report may also take place until September 2020.
In order to unburden the companies, on March 31, 2020, the Minister of Finance, pursuant to art. 15 zzh of the Act on counteracting the effects of COVID-19 under the so-called "Anti-Crisis Shield", issued a regulation under which certain deadlines related to the registration and reporting obligations of business entities and local governments are extended.
Among others, the following deadlines have been extended by additional 3 months:
- The deadline for closing the books at the day ending the financial year;
- The deadline for the preparation of the annual financial statements and activity report - if the financial year coincides with the calendar year, the deadline of 31 March was extended to 31 June;
- The deadline for the approval of the financial statements and the activity report by the entity's approval body (e.g. the shareholders meeting of a limited liability company) - if the financial year coincides with the calendar year, the deadline of 31 June was extended to 31 September;
- The deadline for the preparation of the parent entity's consolidated financial statements.
Central Register of Ultimate Beneficial Owners
The deadline for the registration of the company's ultimate beneficial owners to in the Central Register of Ultimate Beneficial Owners is extended by another 3 months, that is until 12 July 2020.
Shopping center leases
During the ban on operating in commercial facilities with a sales area of over 2,000 m2, the mutual obligations of the parties to the lease, tenancy or other similar agreement for the use of commercial space shall expire. In other words, in the case of a commercial space lease agreement in a facility over 2,000 m2, from the date of entry into force of the Actobligations such as for example the tenant's obligation to pay rent or fees, as well as the lessor's obligation to provide space expire.
When the activity ban is lifted, the holder of the commercial space (for example, the tenant) should submit to the user (for example, the lessor) an unconditional and binding offer of will to extend the term of the contract on the current terms for the period during which the ban was in force, extended by six months; the offer should be submitted within three months from the day the ban was lifted. Provisions regarding the expiry of mutual obligations cease to be binding on the entity making the space available (e.g. the landlord) as of the expiry of the deadline to submit the offer.
Restrictions on terminating lease of premises
If an agreement for lease of premises concluded before the date of entry into force of the Act would terminate after that date but before 30 June, 2020, the agreement shall be extended to 30 June 2020, on existing terms. The extension is applied based on the tenant's declaration of intent. This does not apply in particular cases, including non-payment of rent or misuse of the premises by the tenant.
The lessor may not issue the notice of termination of the rental contract or the amount of rent until 30 June 2020. If the lessor issued the notice of termination of the rental contract or the amount of rent before entry into force of the Act, and the notice period lapses after that date but before 30 June, 2020, the term of notice extends until 30 June 2020. The extension is applied based on the tenant's declaration of intent.
The above restrictions do not apply among other instances when the termination is issued in accordance with certain provisions of the law on the protection of tenants or the tenant is entitled to another dwelling meeting certain conditions.
BANKING AND FINANCE
Change the definition of the concept of “counteracting COVID-19”
In order to assess the scope of application of the Act, it is necessary to refer precisely to the issues relating to the 'COVID-19 counteraction', a concept which, prior to the entry into force of the Act, did not include combating the socio-economic consequences of the epidemic. Therefore, it is worth noting the amendment contained in Article 1, point 1) of the Act, because from the date of entry into force of the Act, also all activities related to the control of the social and economic effects of the SARS-CoV-2 disease will fall within the scope of this notion and will, under the conditions specified in the regulation, be admissible or otherwise affect the sphere of competence of the entities (e.g. give the right to apply for the reliefs and exemptions specified in the Act).
Non-interest-bearing costs of consumer credit
The Act introduces a significant restriction on the possibility of charging consumers for high non-interest-bearing credit costs, limiting them accordingly:
(a) for consumer credit with a repayment period of not less than 30 days to the amount calculated using the formula:
MPKK ≤ (K × 15%) + (K × n/R × 6%)
in which the individual symbols mean:
MPKK - maximum amount of non-interest bearing credit costs,
K - total loan amount,
n - repayment period expressed in days,
R - number of days per year.
(b) for consumer credits with a repayment period of less than 30 days calculated using the formula:
MPKK ≤ K x 5%
in which the individual symbols mean:
MPKK - maximum amount of non-interest bearing credit costs,
K - total amount of credit
At the same time, the total amount of these costs may not exceed 45% of the loan amount, regardless of the financing duration. This means that the legislator has decided to drastically reduce these costs compared to the solutions provided for in Art. 36a of the Consumer Credit Act, where the amount of costs depending exclusively on the amount of the credit has been set at 25%, and depending on the duration of financing at 30% of this amount per year, with a limit of 100% of the credit amount. This will undoubtedly help those who, as a result of COVID-19, will be forced to seek financing from loan institutions, but it will also result in a decrease in the profitability of this type of activity and, in certain situations, may lead to the cessation of the activity by some of the consumer loan companies, which have so far been strongly opposed to further proposals to reduce these costs and have pointed to the risk of an increase in the grey market for such services. In accordance with the Article 1 point 19 of the Act, the solution will be valid for 365 days from the date of its entry into force, with costs determined in accordance with the current Consumer Credit Act only being charged for the remaining period of outstanding credit.
BGK guarantees and warranties
The Act provides that in connection with the effects of COVID-19 and the purpose of providing financial liquidity to entrepreneurs other than small and micro entrepreneurs, BGK may, upon request in its own name and on its own account, grant sureties and guarantees for the repayment of loans up to 80% of the outstanding loan amount, for a specified period and up to a predetermined amount. These activities may constitute State aid within the meaning of the relevant provisions as they constitute State aid to remedy a serious disturbance in the economy as referred to in Section 3.1 of the Communication from the Commission - Temporary framework for State aid measures to support the economy in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic (2020/C 91 I/01) (OJ C 202, 7.8.2020, p. 1). (EU C 91I of 20.03.2020, p.1) and can be cumulated with de minimis aid granted in accordance with the provisions of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1407/2013 of 18 December 2013 on the application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to de minimis aid (OJ L 352, 24.12.2013, p.1).
Changes in credit repayment terms or dates and export insurance
Pursuant to the Act, the bank will be able to change the terms and conditions or dates of repayment of a loan granted under the Banking Law or a cash loan to a micro, small or medium-sized entrepreneur if the loan or loan was granted before 8 March 2020, and such change is justified by the assessment of the borrower's financial and economic situation made by the bank not earlier than on 30 September 2019. The parties must agree on the terms and conditions of such a change, but it must not cause deterioration of the financial and economic situation of the borrower.
Korporacja Ubezpieczeń Kredytów Eksportowych S.A. will receive instruments enabling, among other things, to cover export insurance also for bank credits, loans or credit limits for issuing guarantees or letters of credit, which is to help Polish entrepreneurs return to foreign markets.
Improvement in the financial fluidity of enterprises
Tax advances / payments postponed
- Postponed deadlines for filing CIT tax return and making final payments (if any) for 2019 till May 31st 2020.
- Deadline for advance payments for PIT advances on employment salary for March and April 2020 postponed to June 1st 2020.
- Facultative postponement of deadline to pay the tax on income from buildings for months from March to May 2020 to July 20th 2020 (condition applies at least 50% decrease in revenues from such source).
- Enabling CIT and PIT taxpayers who suffer negative economic consequences due to COVID-19 to deduct the loss incurred in 2020 from the income earned in 2019 (when they achieve at least 50% less revenue in 2020 compared to 2019).
COVID donations deduction
- Enabling deduction of donations made for the prevention of COVID-19 - cash or in-kind donations (in full amount) from the income, made to entities carrying out therapeutic activities as well as those made to the Material Reserves Agency and the Central Sanitary and Anti-epidemic Reserves Database.
- Suspension of application of the provisions in PIT and CIT concerning “bad debts” to taxpayers whose income is at least 50% lower compared to previous year so that the debtor is not obliged to adjust tax deductible costs and input VAT in case of payment delays
Real estate tax
- Introduction of provisions enabling the municipal councils to:
- introduce for part of 2020 an exemption from the property tax for the indicated groups of entrepreneurs whose liquidity has deteriorated due to negative economic consequences due to COVID-19,
- extend, by order of the executive bodies, the deadlines for payment of property tax instalments payable in April, May and June 2020 - no later than 30 September this year.
Suspension of tax proceeding / inspections
- The possibility to apply for suspension of any opened and ongoing tax proceedings on the grounds of personal or public interest (the nationwide state of epidemic should be sufficient for suspension as most tax proceedings are not active currently due to quarantine).
Exemption from social security contributions
Separate set of regulations has been provided to self-employed persons and micro entrepreneurs, who, in addition to the general facilitating measures, will be exempted from the obligation to pay social security and health premiums (for themselves or their employees) for three months, provided that they meet a certain income threshold in that period.
Postponement in execution of coming, new tax formalities / procedures
Postponing certain tax related obligations is caused mostly by logistic and operational difficulties caused by the epidemic. No new obligations should apply in that period, especially such requiring implementing new procedures within a company.
- The implementation of retail sales tax postponed to January 1st 2021.
- Implementation of the new VAT matrix postponed to July 1st 2020.
- Extension of the deadline for submitting transfer pricing information for 2019 to September 30th 2020.
- Extension of the deadline for submitting a payment notification to an account not included in the VAT register (from three days to fourteen).
- Postponing of the obligation to file the new Single Audit File (declaration and records) from April 1st to July 1st 2020 for all taxpayers (voluntary filing available from May 2020).
- Postponement by three months of the deadline for reporting the information to the Central Register of Beneficial Owners.
- Extension of deadlines for tax schemes reporting, including the suspension of ongoing deadlines, but no later than June 30th 2020.
- The Minister of Finances will be able to (during the epidemic) issue a regulation implementing different deadlines in relation to: transmission of data, information, declarations, reports, statements, requests, applications, contributions, fees and charges, as well as other deadlines for fulfilling the obligations to register and to draw up, approve, make available and transmit to the competent register, unit or body certain reports or information to assist operators in fulfilling their information and reporting obligations.
The government provided for regulations providing tax exemption for contractors and self-employed persons up to a certain threshold (80% of the minimum wage) and for persons on a tax card or a lump sum taxation (up to 50%). Further certain increases were made in limitations of exemptions applicable in personal income tax (mostly for employee receivables and subsidies). In relation to PIT the deadline for filing annual return is still April 30th, but Ministry of Finances said that no repercussions will be held against people who file their return a month later at the latest.
Solutions enabling and improving implementation of the special regulations
The act includes measures alleviating certain formal requirements of operating of tax authorities as well as provides means of delegating official competencies within the authorities personnel.
Irrespective of the above initiative, the general tax law includes regulations allowing to individually ask for postponement, split into installment (or in extreme cases even redemption) of any tax liability or social security contribution based on difficult situation of a given taxpayer. According to the planned measures, approach of the tax / social security authorities to acceptance of the individual requests should be less strict now with respect to the companies suffering negative consequences of coronavirus situation. The government also proposed that in relation to the applications described above, there will be no late payment interest applicable to rescheduled payments or administrative fee (4% of debt) applied.
Limitations in the application of public procurement law
Entry into force on April 1, 2020 of the Act concerning specific solutions related to the prevention, counteract and combating of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and the crisis situations caused by them allowed to introduce some special suspensions in the applicability of public procurement law and construction law.
- Exemption of Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK) from the obligation to apply public procurement law when implementing financial instruments aimed at eliminating the effects of the COVID 19 pandemics on the entrepreneurs’ activity.
- Public procurement contracts for services or supplies awarded by Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych (ZUS – National Insurance Institute) in connection with the realization of the tasks related to the determination of the right or payment of the demurrage are exempt from the application of public procurement law.
Amendment of public procurement contracts and exemption from contractual penalties
The project foresees changes in the Public Procurement Law introducing mutual obligation to communicate about the impact of circumstances relating to the occurrence of COVID-19 on the proper performance of the contract, the possibility of amending the contract, non-recovery of receivables, including contractual penalties and exemption from penalties specified in the Act on the violation of the public finance discipline.
Two principal solutions:
- Possibility of amending the content of the contract concluded by the parties to ensure its realization and adaptation of the contract to the current changes of social and economic situation because of the COVID-19 outbreak;
- Exemption of contracting authorities’ liability, including contracting entities awarding utilities contracts, from the breach of public finance discipline when resigning from the determination and recovery of receivables from the contractors (ex. contractual penalties) or amending contractual provisions in accordance with the rules defined in the presented project.
In the current state of epidemic threat introduced by the Polish government, the Public Procurement Office declared that an online transmission from bids opening is sufficient to comply with the rule introduced by art. 86 section 2 of public procurement law.
Deadlines in the area of public procurement
The stay and suspension of deadlines in the project does not apply to controls and proceedings indicated appropriately in Title V chapter 3 section 3 (Ex-ante control of contracts co-financed from the EU funds) and Title VI chapter 2 (Legal protection measures – Appeal) of the act dated 29 January 2004 Public procurement law.
In this area, the President of the Public Procurement Office or the President of National Appeal Chamber, through an adequate ordinance, may define the detailed conditions for the organization of work of the National Appeal Chamber and the security measures taken. | <urn:uuid:d2080564-85e7-4a94-ae0b-01650515cb73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.garrigues.com/pt/en_GB/new/polish-act-counteracting-covid-19-entered-force | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.943895 | 5,644 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Yesterday I wrote about a retro Atari commercial that’s at least 30 years old (Atari turns 40 this year). I watched that and laughed at how different things were back then. Even in that video clip, which is only a little over a minute long, you can get a feel for how different our lifetstyle was back in the early ’80s.
However, according to this infographic called Those Kids Today… by Best Education Degrees, teenagers in 1982 weren’t THAT different than teenagers in 2012. The biggest difference that comes to my mind is of course technology. Forget smartphones… We didn’t even have cell phones in 1982. They existed, but they definitely weren’t mainstream.
In 1982, students did their school work by going to the library and checking out books to read (remember the card catalog?). These days, of course, it’s all about the Internet. Libraries around the world are closing their doors and becoming yesterday’s memory. It’s interesting to see that smoking and marijuana use are down and safe sex is up. Overall though, the teenagers of 1982 and 2012 are both interested in music, movies, video games and sports. The names may have changed, but the core of who we are remains the same. Maybe it wasn’t quite as different back in the ’80s as I thought. Nah, it was. After all, we would never ever wear that much hairspray now ladies, right? If you want to read another “then and now” style article, check out 1962 vs. 2011: The Price Tag On Living Life.
Click Infographic To Enlarge | <urn:uuid:0feb7794-5b4f-44e6-87b3-e86752f2d9c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bitrebels.com/geek/then-now-kids-in-1982-vs-kids-in-2012-infographic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967797 | 344 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Room 319 of Conant Building at Harvard University is a good place to learn much in a short time about Elias J. Corey, this year’s recipient of the Priestley Medal. The outer office is lined with shelves filled with manila folders and books, chemical and medical. In one compartment, medals are arrayed, like in a shrine. On one wall are anchored strings from which molecular structure models hang, like clothes drying on a line. Three empty bottles of champagne stand in a row on a low table by the window, reminders of celebrations past. In the inner space are more shelves built like library stacks. More molecular structure models cascade from the ceiling to the floor like decorative garlands. One shelf wall is covered with greeting cards featuring Mount Fuji.
Photographs are everywhere. There are pictures of, among others, Claire, Corey's wife; the Corey grandchildren, Sara and Katherine; colleagues from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where Corey began his independent research career in 1951; the chemistry faculty at Harvard when Corey joined in 1959, including Paul D. Bartlett, Mary and Louis F. Fieser, Frank H. Westheimer, and Robert B. Woodward; and scenes from the Nobel Prize ceremonies.
The Priestley Medal is the American Chemical Society's highest honor. It is awarded for distinguished service to chemistry. Corey, Harvard's Sheldon Emery Professor of Chemistry, has performed distinguished service in three major ways: as a scientist, as a teacher, and as an adviser to the pharmaceutical industry. | <urn:uuid:a6e62caa-ca9f-4afe-9031-403dbcf040d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geniuses.club/blog/above-and-beyond-organic-synthesis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946223 | 312 | 2.1875 | 2 |
A star atop one of the Kremlin's towers in MoscowAFP
Though the Kremlin was built as an ancient residence for princes and tsars, many people associate its walls with the red Soviet power which presided here for more than 70 years. Thanks to the stars.
Before the Revolution of 1917, the four towers of the Moscow Kremlin were decorated with two-headed eagles, the symbol of the Russian Empire, but in 1935 the birds were replaced with five-pointed stars. You can’t tell it from a distance but the biggest stars – on the Spasskaya and Nikolskaya Towers – are 3.75 meters in length.
An aerial view from the main building of the Moscow State UniversitySergei Bobylev/TASS
The spire and the star on Russia’s main university reach a height of about 60 meters in total. There is a rumor that this star is currently used by the Russian secret service as a viewpoint (so there might be a high definition webcam placed in it) – Moscow’s version of the Eye of Sauron.
A skyscraper on the Kudrinskaya squareLegion Media
Here’s another one of Stalin’s Seven Sisters topped by a 30-meter spire and star. All these skyscrapers' stars are popular among
Radisson Royal HotelLegion Media
This building was constructed after Stalin's death and remains the highest hotel in Europe (206 meters). There is also a restaurant with a great view inside. Its first name was
Spire of Leningradskaya HotelLegion Media
Another hotel among Stalin's Seven Sisters, the former Leningradskaya Hotel, is situated next to Leningradsky railway station and bears the same name. This building is relatively low, reaching only 136 meters. All of Stalin’s Sisters have stars on the top except for one – the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where the spire turned out to be too fragile to hold a star.
The tower and spire of the Kotelnicheskaya skyscraperLegion Media
This is another skyscraper with a great view of the Moskva River and the Kremlin. The unusual star atop this building is now painted yellow, while others are gold and bronze. During the hot phase of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine in August 2014, a group of
A roofer on the star of Red Gate BuildingLegion Media
This 136-meter building is situated at the highest point of the Garden Ring in Moscow and visually seems to be higher than it really is. Interestingly, you can get from the main building to the left and right wings only via basement corridors.
Russian Army TheaterLegion Media
Gazing at this building erected in the 1930s, you’ll never guess why we’ve included it in the list.
But it if you look from above, you'll see that this former Red Army theater was built in the form of a star, the main symbol of the Red Army. Each of the star's rays indicates the direction of Moscow's major transport hubs, while the fifth looks to the city center. There is a legend that Nazi pilots used it as a handy map while bombing the Soviet capital during WWII.
Pavilion No.1 at The Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy in MoscowMaksim Blinov/Sputnik
Star of VDNKh main pavilionYevgeny Odinokov/Sputnik
Druzhba Olympic ArenaLegion Media
Druzhba Multipurpose Arena is part of the Luzhniki sports complex built for the 1980 Olympics. Shaped like a sea star, it is actually a replica of Rome's Olympic Palazzetto
If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material.
to our newsletter!
Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox | <urn:uuid:378eefed-c451-49cc-80c9-87116daff034> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rbth.com/arts/327871-10-soviet-stars-in-moscow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.939333 | 813 | 2.625 | 3 |
For more than 25 years, Carl Faberge and his firm served as jeweller and goldsmith to the tsars of Russia, European royalty, and the powerful and influential throughout the world. The masterpieces created by Faberge in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are almost legendary treasures of superb workmanship and originality. A. Kenneth Snowman tells the story of his recent and astonishing discovery in St Petersburg of two of the original design books from the House of Faberge. Within their pages are countless meticulous watercolour and ink drawings of virtually every item made by the company from 1909 to 1915. Each design is dated and accompanied by detailed handwritten instructions as to composition and execution. Hundreds of these invaluable and incredibly beautiful drawings are reproduced here for the first time, most in full colour, with captions describing the gems, the materials to be used, and the date of manufacture. Often the actual finished pieces are photographed next to the original drawings. Among the ingenious marvels are those commissioned for the 300th anniversary celebration of the House of Romanoff, and the famous miniature and large Imperial Easter eggs, including the one owned by Queen Elizabeth II. Gold boxes, animal and bird carvings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, rings and diadems are amongst the jewels on display.
A. Kenneth Snowman was curator and wrote the catalogues for the Faberge exhibitions at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, in 1977 and the Coopor-Hewitt Museum, New York, in 1983. He has written and edited many other books, including "The Master Jewelers" (Thames and Hudson, 1990). | <urn:uuid:9d6560cd-a74d-46dd-914f-54978c8ffbab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wartski.com/publications/faberge-lost-and-found/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954801 | 340 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Nothing can put a damper on a summer evening like bothersome mosquitoes buzzing around. Mosquitoes can be tricky creatures to avoid. In fact, they can detect the scent of a human 100 feet (30.5 meters) away [source: Cook]. Fortunately, there are many methods and products that can repel insects and allow you to enjoy the great outdoors.
Aside from keeping away pesky, itchy bug bites, insect repellent can protect you against significant health problems. Every year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention receives more than 20,000 reports of Lyme disease, carried by deer ticks, and 100 reports of encephalitis, carried by mosquitoes [source: EPA]. Additionally, since 1999, more than 27,000 cases of West Nile virus have been reported in the United States alone. Malaria, another mosquito-borne disease, kills more than one million people each year worldwide [source: Orkin].
Because there are many ways to protect yourself against insects, you'll want to take several factors into consideration when choosing a repellent. In general, you should think about the amount of time you'll be spending outdoors. A product that contains a higher concentration of an active ingredient will work best if you'll be outside for a long time. On the other hand, if you won't be out too long, you can choose a product with a lower active ingredient percentage. You can then reapply the product if you're out longer than expected.
Read on to learn about the top five ways to repel insects. | <urn:uuid:bd950fff-dcec-43fc-962e-87c1daba6bb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/hiking/5-ways-to-repel-insects.htm#pt5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947178 | 315 | 2.265625 | 2 |
32c The Stars and Stripes Forever! single
- The Postal Service issued a 32-cent stamp saluting "The Stars and Stripes Forever!" march on August 21, 1997, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in conjunction with STAMPSHOW '97, the annual convention of the American Philatelic Society.
- The stamp features an imaginary scene of a small town marching band with the United States flag pictured in the background.
- The stamp pays tribute to John Philip Sousa's "The Stars and Stripes Forever!" march, which premiered in Sousa's repertoire in Philadelphia on May 14, 1897.
- Designed by Richard Sheaff of Norwood, Massachusetts, and illustrated by David LaFleur of Derby, Kansas, the stamp was issued in a pane of fifty and printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Painting in the gravure process.
- Postal Bulletin (July 17, 1997).
- perf. 11.1
- Credit line
- Copyright United States Postal Service. All rights reserved.
- August 21, 1997
- Object number
- Postage Stamps
- paper; ink (multicolored); adhesive / photogravure
- United States of America
- See more items in
- National Postal Museum Collection
- Scott Catalogue USA 3153
- National Postal Museum
- U.S. Stamps
- Record ID
- Metadata Usage (text)
- Usage conditions apply
- GUID (Link to Original Record) | <urn:uuid:83bf10a0-4442-4be9-81e5-1b669bdb9994> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.si.edu/object/32c-stars-and-stripes-forever-single%3Anpm_1998.2008.343 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.813554 | 421 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Continuing with the cooperation agreements and the possibility of the elimination of the Schengen visa for Ecuadorians was part of the dialogue between the Ecuadorian president, Lenín Moreno, and the Spanish Government, Mariano Rajoy. Moreno is in Europe since last week, fulfilling an official agenda. In the course of the interview both leaders reviewed bilateral relations, European Union-Ecuador relations, as well as the main issues on the Ibero-American regional agenda, reported La Moncloa (seat of the Spanish Government).
“Ecuador will continue to have a priority partner in our continent in Spain,” Rajoy wrote on Twitter. Before, Moreno was received by King Philip VI, who praised him for prioritizing the search for consensus and dialogue. “We emphasize the importance that you have attributed to the dialogue and the search for consensus as central elements of your political management,” the monarch said at a luncheon offered to Moreno and his wife, according to the Royal House.
The steps for the European Union to eliminate the visa began months ago; they are derived from the signature of the Multiparty Agreement between Ecuador and that regional bloc, which has been in force since January 1. On October 19, several lawmakers held a series of meetings in Brussels, Belgium with the highest members of the European Parliament to request the visa exemption.
The elimination of this requirement will allow Ecuadorians to circulate freely, for short periods of up to 90 days, every six months, in the 26 countries that make up the so-called Schengen area, the majority of the European Union.
The Foreign Ministry reported last October that the abolition of this requirement would be profitable for the country. “They are tourist-type visas for free mobility within the nations that make up the EU, Ecuadorians (to eliminate the visa) would have more facilities to meet European countries.”
However, he clarifies that it would not entail other benefits such as staying longer than stipulated or for work.
For the process to begin formally, the European Commission must submit a proposal to the European Council to start the negotiations, based on a series of technical reports. Then the latter must adopt the corresponding resolution, before the opinion of the European Parliament.
Later studies of migratory movements, public order and security would be made; economic benefits. These reports include criteria on economy, trade, tourism and external relations.
If the visa is eliminated, Ecuador, as in Colombia and Peru, must sign several treaties, including a joint declaration with Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, states that are not part of the EU but are associated to the application of the Schengen agreement.
Also a statement on cooperation mechanisms on migration and one on the interpretation of the category of people traveling to exercise an activity that requires short, paid displacement and that does not correspond to tourism.
Colombia and Peru sealed the agreement for the elimination of the visa with the European Union in March 2016.
Spain and Italy register the largest number of Ecuadorian migrants in Europe (I) | <urn:uuid:20789d39-8c8b-4b1c-8acb-8f0c9f9ce5e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ecuadortimes.net/withdrawal-of-the-schengen-visa-for-ecuadorians-depends-on-several-stages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959399 | 646 | 1.71875 | 2 |
"On April 23, 1990, Congress passed the Hate Crime Statistics Act, which required the Attorney General to collect data 'about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity.' The Attorney General delegated the responsibilities of developing the procedures for implementing, collecting, and managing hate crime data to the Director of the FBI, who in turn assigned the tasks to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Under the direction of the Attorney General and with the cooperation and assistance of many local and state law enforcement agencies, the UCR Program created a hate crime data collection system to comply with the congressional mandate. The UCR Program's first publication on the subject was Hate Crime Statistics, 1990: A Resource Book, which was a compilation of hate crime data reported by 11 states that had collected the information under state authority in 1990 and were willing to offer their data as a prototype. The UCR Program continued to work with agencies familiar with investigating hate crimes and collecting related information so that it could develop and implement a more uniform method of data collection on a nationwide scale. Hate Crime Statistics, 1992, presented the first data reported by law enforcement agencies across the country that participated in UCR hate crime data collection."
Federal Bureau of Investigation: http://www.fbi.gov/ | <urn:uuid:9e9fb94f-3c64-42a4-9733-27afac26fd00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=482004 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.933457 | 317 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Did you say Jenallee or Genially?
Have you heard of Genially?
No… we didn’t say Jenallee 😂 but Genially!
What is Genially?
Genially offers educators the ability to create and share content within an interactive platform with ease. Create presentations, interactive images, quiz games, infographics, calendars, and more with Genially.
✨Genially designs are eye-catching
✨Genially designs are interactive
✨Genially templates are pre-made with animations
✨Genially designs offer accessibility through recorded audio
✨Genially designs are easily shared and embedded
Check out this quick guide to learn more! (Yep, you guessed it… this was made in Genially😉)
We use Genially to create games, choice boards, calendars, interactive images, etc. Not only do we use it as a stand-alone app, but we also embed Genially designs into many different applications. Having the ability to embed Genially designs in OneNote, Teams, Canva, etc. offers our students the ability to remain in one application while learning.
One of our FAVORITE ways to use Genially is to gamify our lessons. Quiz games, breakout games, and digital board games are made with ease within Genially!Bring the excitement of by salleeclark
What is your favorite way to create and use Genially?
We hope this blog has empowered you with new ideas to utilize in your classroom! We can’t wait to see what you create and how you use Genially!
Go and be a different kind of AWESOME! | <urn:uuid:b7e1bf85-d2d7-4837-87cc-6c62962eed4c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thejenalleeshow.com/2022/06/02/did-you-say-jenallee-or-genially/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.94855 | 343 | 1.804688 | 2 |
String art has been an interesting hobby popular since the 1980s. Today, this is experiencing a return to the big door in the world of creatives, completely delighted with the unique creations created in this way. String art is a technique of making works of art using thread, wool or soft colored wire, nails, a wooden base and a hammer. String art is an expression of love for ‘Do It Yourself’ (DIY) creations and above all an unusual hobby. It can be a great inspiration to all people of all generations to direct their talent to making decorative items with this technique.
At the end of the 19th century, the mathematician and inventor Mary Everest Boole created the concept of the “string art” technique. This is basically sewing curves, that is, showing curved lines by sewing. Everest Bool primarily wanted to give her students a better understanding of geometric shapes. She probably didn’t know then that one day string art would become an extremely prized art all over the world. Such interesting creations today can be a decoration, a beautiful gift, but also a profitable business.
This hobby is for people who like to work “with their hands” and express themselves so creatively. For starters, it is always recommended to spend some time researching more about this hobby on the internet or try to find pictures made in this technique. It will take time to master the technique of making. In technical terms, this can be the biggest challenge. From the idea to the first realization of the image, it always takes a year or two.
12 useful and interesting facts about String Art:
- First you need to get and prepare all the material needed for making. Then you need to make a scheme and nail the nails. Then the fun part of the job begins (rolling or knitting the picture). If you are a beginner, you will roll the first picture for a few days until you master the technique. The most challenging is to get the shape of the curve you imagine. It is not the same whether the thread is wound around the left or right side of the nail, whether the thread overlaps or goes ‘straight’, and from which nail the thread goes to which nail and the like.
- In each rolling technique a different shape is obtained. Also a challenge is to determine which part is knitted before and which part is knitted after. It is not uncommon for a beginner to unwind a picture and start over, but in a different order (or second color order) to get the structure and 3D effect you previously envisioned.
- It will take a few days for a beginner to make one picture. In time, it will take only a few hours to create a single image with the String Art method for simpler motifs. Or even 10-12 hours for more complicated image motifs. It will take 8 to 10 days to make the installation of 200×70 centimetres. It only takes a minimum of 12 hours of work to draw a diagram, and sometimes more.
- The number of nails needed to make a single image depends on the motif being made. For simpler images it is necessary to nail about 220-250 nails. For more complicated models, a lot of nails are needed, ie 350-450 pieces. Large installations will require about 1,000 or more nails and about 2,000 meters of thread. Over time, business gets better and practice is gained, and beginner mistakes become a thing of the past.
- Over time, you can make contact with the organizers of fairs and exhibitions or with souvenir shops and stores with this type of item. Then one has to wait for customer reactions and customer feedback from people who view these images / installations live. The fact is that the same 3D effect and depth of image cannot be imagined in the photos as in the images you see with your own eyes.
- Motifs on paintings made with the String Art technique can be different (nature, forest, sea, oceans, ships, shells, sea depths, anchors, etc.) or abstract paintings of various motifs and colors for people who want something more modern and different. Abstract images can be adapted to any space with color and shape. Abstract paintings or freestyle paintings fit well into any space of a home (living room, children’s room, bedroom) or office space.
- Images made in the String Art technique are less demanding than installations. Installations require more materials (nails, threads, etc.). Making installations for everyone who deals with this technique can be a challenge, but also the greatest pleasure once the installation is done. Then customer feedback is important. It is the creation of installations and individual approach to each customer (so that the motif, inscription or logo will satisfy the wishes and needs) that is something that these creators strive for in their work.
- Pay attention to your fingers and spine, as some minor finger injuries and pain (most often in the spine) can occur when taking pictures.
- Finally, it is important to say that the most important thing is the satisfaction of creatives and customers / clients. Making these pictures offers relaxation from everyday stress and worries. The whole family and friends can take part in this hobby. This will fulfill and make all the participants in this unusual and beautiful job / hobby the happiest. Success is always more beautiful when it is shared. One of the essential segments for success in this and every other business / hobby is direct contact with customers.
- In this hobby, each person from the process participants should have and do their part of the job and help each other. It takes two people to prepare a wooden base and canvas. Then schemes and nails are placed. When you have multiple images to make then everyone needs to hammer in nail-sized dimensions and sizes. Use stainless nails that can withstand higher concentrations of moisture and salt in the air. You need a hammer, pliers and a lot of good will. When a quantity is prepared one person should continue to put nails and the other person should start rolling or knitting the picture. This is followed by framing the image, which completes and rounds off the image. Some modern motifs do not require a framework. Then comes the packaging that is essential for transport so that the picture or frame is not damaged. This is followed by preparations for transport and sending to end customers. Each part of the job requires a certain amount of time, especially nailing and knitting, so making each picture takes a long time. Making a picture can be difficult and laborious, although at first glance it seems quite simple, but you should have fun and enjoy your work and follow the delivery deadlines. You will always look forward to your next orders with pleasure and pride. With new projects and orders, self-confidence will grow and you will gain the will for further perseverance and the positivity to make all the effort pay off in the end.
- The costs of doing this business are considerable. It is necessary to procure all the material, nails, threads, bases. Then you need to start working and see if the material fits. Sometimes it will be necessary to buy from scratch. It will also be necessary to create certain stocks of material over time in order to pass as little time as possible from ordering to delivery of the image to the customer. picture.
- After mastering the String Art technique and making the first paintings / installations with this technique, the idea of starting a workshop to transfer your knowledge to other people will probably arise. The idea of starting a workshop is always interesting. In addition to being present on social networks, the workshop is also a great way to promote String Art techniques and done paintings and installations. Adequate space and a lot of raw materials are needed to hold a workshop. Everyone who wants to do this job needs persistence and perseverance and should not give up. You need a wooden base and a hammer, nails, thread and a lot of good will. You will have a small factory in your home. Although it may seem simple at first glance – and it’s not. There are a lot of details that need to be paid attention to, and which are solved only by practice. There is no one-size-fits-all pattern. The way the image is rewound depends on the motif being rewound. Some pictures are wound on the principle from the first to the eighth nail, from the second to the ninth, from the third to the 10th and beyond. In some images, for example, every second or third nail is skipped when rolling. You roll most of the pictures by feeling, the way it fits at the moment. That is why the images made in this way are unique because each image is done differently.
About Create and Craft
Create and Craft is the number 1 dedicated craft channel providing specialist craft and hobby products. We aim to educate and inspire, providing live demonstrations and guides from experts through a Multi channel approach. | <urn:uuid:857bc072-2625-4900-a36b-120b38ff8e81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://magicandbeauty.blog/2020/12/08/string-art-is-a-technique-of-making-works-of-art-using-thread-nails-a-wooden-base-a-hammer-and-wool-or-soft-colored-wire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9462 | 1,819 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Data Recovery is a crucial part of any computer. This service will help you retrieve lost, corrupted, formatted, or inaccessible data. This can include files or removable media. It will also help you recover information that has been deleted or damaged, and you can find computer repair near me. The data is not accessible because of file corruption or formatting issues but maybe recoverable with specialized software. Listed below are some of the most common data recovery problems: Retrieving data after formatting, losing, or corruption.
Data Recovery for Laptops and Desktop Computers
Physical damage to a hard drive does not necessarily mean the data is lost forever. In most cases, professional data recovery services can salvage a large portion of your lost data. The only exception is if the damage is severe enough to break the plates. In this case, the entire hard drive will have to be replaced. A complete image of the whole hard disk will allow the professional to reconstruct the logical file structure. However, this process is more expensive than repairing the hard disk.
Many different types of data loss can cause the need for data recovery. For example, suppose the hard drive experiences physical damage due to a hardware failure or software malfunction. In that case, it is most likely that the engineer can recover the data. Similarly, if the disk has been accidentally or logically deleted, it may need data recovery to work again. The good news is that the process of recovering data has become much more advanced and more accessible than ever before.
In severe cases, data recovery may require physical repairs in a clean room environment. The engineer must disconnect the drive from the computer, remove the power source, and open the hard drive enclosure during this process. This step prevents the corrupted files from being transferred to another device. After completing these steps, are completed the software can be installed. Afterward, the user can access their lost data. If the device is beyond repair, they can consult a professional data recovery engineer. The chances of success depend on the type of device and the degree of damage.
The recovery process involves many different steps. The first step is to turn off the power to the device. If this is not possible, the computer’s memory is still vulnerable to overwriting. This is a critical step to data recovery. In some cases, it can be impossible to recover data. The best way to recover your data is to hire a professional engineer. If you don’t know how to do this, don’t attempt self-repair because you may damage the hard drive further, and the data may become irretrievable.
The recovery of deleted files is the most common type of data loss. Whether the file is encrypted or not, it’s important to remember that even if it is physically damaged, an engineer can still recover the information in many cases. Therefore, a data recovery expert should recover missing files from a laptop or computer hard drive. You may need to consult a computer forensics expert to get the correct information. You’ll need to provide the details of the device to the professional.
Recovering Lost Files
Some situations involve physical damage to the storage device. It’s possible to recover lost files after a virus has destroyed the data on a disk. The recovery process is called forensic data recovery and is used for various purposes. For example, a laptop suffers data loss due to an accident, but a technician can recover it. In some cases, this happens after a disk is destroyed or infected by a malicious program.
Hard Drive Data Recovery
The data recovery process from a damaged hard drive is straightforward in less severe cases. The software will detect the location of the files that are damaged. If successful, the data will be easily recoverable. The computer system will shut down for no reason for a virus-damaged disk. The program will then attempt to recover the data. The scan will also identify the types of data loss and how the file system was affected. A full-scale repair of a partition’s file system is not advisable.
The data recovery process is complex and requires various data-related software applications and tools. The software will display a preview of recoverable files and will allow you to filter out files of interest. These programs will recover a wide range of file types, from photos to music. The software can detect whether file corruption or damage occurred. A professional will try to repair the disk physically to avoid data loss. It can take several hours for the process to be successful. However, if the data on your hard drive is valuable, the best course of action is to use a data recovery services professional. | <urn:uuid:9cb8cf3e-fc21-4e41-9d91-51679f14d5b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://densipaper.com/cost-effective-computer-repair-services-near-me/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93671 | 952 | 2.28125 | 2 |
When I quit my regular job last 2007, I started to be a freelance worker. With my eagerness to work at home online, I became an independent contractor. Without a regular job I also avoided the use of credit cards. A few years ago, I realized the advantage of using credit card especially now that I am a mom.
The main advantage of using credit cards is that it can be use as financial aid in emergency cases. I remember a friend who is very thankful for having a credit card that she use when her dad was brought to the hospital. They have no money on hand but with the use of credit card, they were able to buy the medicine right away.
The basic document requirement for the credit card application here in the Philippines is the Income Tax Return (ITR) BIR Form 1701 or 1702 with BIR or Bank Stamp for regular employees. If you are a freelancer and self-employed, it is hard to apply without this documents. The easiest way to get approved for the credit card application if you are a freelancer is by opening a passbook bank account. In Unionbank they call it secured credit card in which they will require you to deposit a certain amount that will be used as secured amount in your secured credit card. The credit limit available on your credit is approximately 80% of your secured deposit. In BPI, they call it hold account in your passbook deposit. You can apply a credit card in BPI by opening a passbook bank account and it is up to you to choose for the hold account in your passbook. Same with Unionbank, the credit limit available will be approximately 80% from your hold account in passbook. For example, your hold account in passbook in PhP20,000 then PhP16,000 will be your available credit limit.
Normally it would take two to three weeks for the approval and delivery of your credit card application. Usually, the first year annual fee is free. | <urn:uuid:c8bd1f7f-26ca-4df3-ab32-f1d120f945f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.cashandinvestment.com/tag/credit-card-easy-application | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.966291 | 401 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Now you can skip hours of internet research and jump straight to getting answers with our meaningful at-a-glance Demographics by City Report. With the most current & most popular demographic data, it's the perfect starting point for your research about Defiance and the rest of Iowa.
We know Defiance Demographics, just keep scrolling...
Sources: United States Census Bureau. 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Office. Web. 17 March 2022.
United States Census Bureau. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Web. May 2020. http://www.census.gov/.
United States Census Bureau. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race." 2020 Census State Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File. U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census. Web. 12 August 2021. https://www.census.gov/.
Check out our FAQs for more details.
With 216 people, Defiance is the 589th most populated city in the state of Iowa out of 1,022 cities. But watch out, Defiance, because Macedonia with 214 people, Rickardsville with 215 people, Stout with 214 people, and Westgate with 214 people are right behind you.
The largest Defiance racial/ethnic groups are White (85.2%) followed by Hispanic (14.8%) and Two or More (0.0%).
In 2020, the median household income of Defiance households was $41,328. Defiance households made slightly more than Archer households ($41,250), Auburn households ($41,250), Chelsea households ($41,250), Gravity households ($41,250), Keosauqua households ($41,300), Larrabee households ($41,250), Riceville households ($41,250), Riverton households ($41,250), Stockport households ($41,250), and Tingley households ($41,250) . However, 26.7% of Defiance families live in poverty.
The median age for Defiance residents is 52.0 years young.
86% of people CANNOT find the data they're looking for on the US Census Bureau website. Source: Nielsen Norman Group
We are CUBIT
We have 25+ years of experience and proprietary data-wrangling technology to research, download, format, analyze, visualize & cite the data you need.
"Your starter report certainly saved me a considerable amount of time. I am just too busy to garner this needed data any other way. It truly would have taken hours of an employee's time or my own to get this much information. I was fortunate to find a company that had all the demographics that I needed and at a very reasonable price."
— Steven Silva
"My supervisor had assigned me the task of getting population data for the county for our required county education strategic plan. I had some information from Kids Count but need race, gender, age, etc. and the government census site was shutdown. I was so surprised to get a report within seconds and it had lots of charts and graphs that my supervisor liked."
Prices start at just $49. Fill out our order form and receive your data as an instant download.
If you are unhappy for any reason, we'll happily refund your money. | <urn:uuid:9352ed50-d76f-4f42-8f6e-f47081b19146> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iowa-demographics.com/defiance-demographics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93277 | 711 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Aggregates Market Size And Forecast
Aggregates Market is growing at a faster pace with substantial growth rates over the last few years and is estimated that the market will grow significantly in the forecasted period i.e., 2021 to 2028.
Rapid Urbanization and increasing demand in construction sector and Roadways are few of the factors fueling the growth of Global Aggregates Market. The Global Aggregates Market report provides a holistic evaluation of the market. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of key segments, trends, drivers, restraints, competitive landscape, and factors that are playing a substantial role in the market.
>>> Get | Download Sample Report @ – https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/download-sample/?rid=156909
Global Aggregates Market Definition
Aggregates are inert materials that are combined with a Binding Material in specific proportions to create concrete. On the one side, aggregates serve as fillers or volume increasing components, and on the other, they are responsible for the concrete’s strength, stiffness, and toughness. Aggregates are heavily used in construction sector which include sand, gravel, slag, crushed stone. Aggregate can be classified on the basis of their grain size, origin and their volume-weight. On the basis of grain size, they can be classified into Fine Aggregates and Coarse Aggregates. In Fine Aggregates the grain size is between 4.75mm and 0.15mm, sand is an example of Fine coarse.
On the other hand, Coarse Aggregates the grain size is generally around 7.5mm and gravels are the common example for Coarse Aggregates. On the basis of Origin, they can be classified into Natural, Bye-product and Processed. Natural include all those type aggregates that are available in almost ready use form, from natural resources. Bye product includes materials which are obtained as wasted from industrial operation and have suitable properties to be used as an aggregates. Processed are special form of aggregates. They are specifically manufactured for use in making quality Concretes. On the basis of Density, they can be classified into Normal, high-density and low-density aggregates.
>>> Ask For Discount @ – https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/ask-for-discount/?rid=156909
Global Aggregates Market Overview
Aggregates are commonly used in building activities and account for the majority of the products consumed by the industry. Aggregates are used in transportation, essential properties, and affordable housing, as well as infrastructure construction such as new and expanded highways, rail links, airport facilities, houses, flood defences, and water and sanitation facilities. The largest demand driver for aggregates is rising infrastructure investments, especially in commercial and residential projects. Over the last few decades, there has been fierce competition for investments in infrastructure opportunities in developed markets. Furthermore, rising prosperity has resulted in increased vehicle ownership, fueling the need for highway investment, which in turn will boost the market for Aggregates.
Over the time, government-sponsored projects are expected to boost aggregate demand and, as a result, stimulate business growth. Even though with the increase in construction and urbanization there are still few restraints which can lower the growth of this market. The aggregates industry is currently faced with a number of environmental issues. Exploration and processing lead to environmental problems such as increased dust, vibrations, noise, and soil water levels. Different product supply and fluctuating competition put pressure on industry vendors, as well as high transportation costs and strict zoning rules and regulations on aggregate extraction in populated areas.
Global Aggregates Market: Segmentation Analysis
The Global Aggregates Market is segmented on the basis of Product, End-Use, Application, and Geography.
Aggregates Market, By Product
• Crushed Stone
Based on Product, the market is bifurcated into Crushed Stone, Sand, Gravels and Others. Crushed stones are the dominant segment for Aggregates and held the largest market share. The growth of construction sector has increased the demand for Crushed stone mostly in emerging economies.
Aggregates Market, By End-Use
• Road-Base and Coverings
Based on End-Use, the market is bifurcated into Concrete, Road-Base and Coverings and Others. Concrete is the dominant segment for Aggregates market by end user. Concrete had the largest market share in terms of revenue. Aggregates are widely used in the manufacture of concrete for bridges and buildings in structural engineering. Wind, water, cement, coarse aggregates, and fine aggregates are all used to make concrete. Aggregates are heavily used in civil works which is fueling the growth of concrete segment globally.
Aggregates Market, By Application
Based on Application, the market is bifurcated into Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Infrastructure. Residential is the dominant segment due to increase in urbanization coupled with the increase in population.
Aggregates Market, By Geography
• North America
• Asia Pacific
• Rest of the world
On the basis of Geography, the Global Aggregates Market is classified into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the world. Asia Pacific region is the dominant segment for Aggregates Market. In 2019, the Asia Pacific region had the largest market share. In emerging economies like India, the market is gaining momentum, especially in the area of road construction. Growth can be attributed to the investments made for road infrastructure development. In 2017, the Indian government, for example, launched a number of initiatives to strengthen the region’s highway network. India’s national highway network is scheduled to be nearly 50,000 kilometers long by 2020. China has emerged as a major player in the construction industry over the last decade.
Key Players In Aggregates Market
The “Global Aggregates Market” study report will provide valuable insight with an emphasis on the global market. The major players in the market are CRH plc, LafargeHolcim, Vulcan Materials Company, Martin Marietta, HeidelbergCement AG, Eurocement Group, LSR Group, CEMEX S.A.B. de C.V, Adelaide Brighton Ltd, Rogers Group Inc.
The competitive landscape section also includes key development strategies, market share, and market ranking analysis of the above-mentioned players globally.
Global Aggregates Market Report Scope
|KEY COMPANIES PROFILED|
CRH plc, LafargeHolcim, Vulcan Materials Company, Martin Marietta, HeidelbergCement AG, Eurocement Group, LSR Group
By Product, By End-Use, By Application, And By Geography
Free report customization (equivalent up to 4 analyst’s working days) with purchase. Addition or alteration to country, regional & segment scope
Top Trending Reports:
Research Methodology of Verified Market Research:
To know more about the Research Methodology and other aspects of the research study, kindly get in touch with our Sales Team at Verified Market Research.
Reasons to Purchase this Report
• Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market based on segmentation involving both economic as well as non-economic factors
• Provision of market value (USD Billion) data for each segment and sub-segment
• Indicates the region and segment that is expected to witness the fastest growth as well as to dominate the market
• Analysis by geography highlighting the consumption of the product/service in the region as well as indicating the factors that are affecting the market within each region
• Competitive landscape which incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled
• Extensive company profiles comprising of company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players
• The current as well as the future market outlook of the industry with respect to recent developments which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging as well as developed regions
• Includes in-depth analysis of the market of various perspectives through Porter’s five forces analysis
• Provides insight into the market through Value Chain
• Market dynamics scenario, along with growth opportunities of the market in the years to come
• 6-month post-sales analyst support
Customization of the Report
In case of any Queries or Customization Requirements please connect with our sales team, who will ensure that your requirements are met.
Frequently Asked Questions
1 INTRODUCTION OF GLOBAL AGGREGATES MARKET
1.1 Overview of the Market
1.2 Scope of Report
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF VERIFIED MARKET RESEARCH
3.1 Data Mining
3.3 Primary Interviews
3.4 List of Data Sources
4 GLOBAL AGGREGATES MARKET OUTLOOK
4.2 Market Dynamics
4.3 Porters Five Force Model
4.4 Value Chain Analysis
5 GLOBAL AGGREGATES MARKET, BY PRODUCT
5.2 Crushed Stone
6 GLOBAL AGGREGATES MARKET, BY END-USE
6.3 Road-base and Coverings
7 GLOBAL AGGREGATES MARKET, BY APPLICATION
8 GLOBAL AGGREGATES MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY
8.2 North America
8.3.4 Rest of Europe
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific
8.5 Rest of the World
8.5.1 Latin America
8.5.2 Middle East and Africa
9 GLOBAL AGGREGATES MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
9.2 Company Market Ranking
9.3 Key Development Strategies
10 COMPANY PROFILES
10.1 CRH plc
10.1.2 Financial Performance
10.1.3 Product Outlook
10.1.4 Key Developments
10.2 Vulcan Materials Company
10.2.2 Financial Performance
10.2.3 Product Outlook
10.2.4 Key Developments
10.3 Martin Marietta
10.3.2 Financial Performance
10.3.3 Product Outlook
10.3.4 Key Developments
10.4 HeidelbergCement AG
10.4.2 Financial Performance
10.4.3 Product Outlook
10.4.4 Key Developments
10.5 Eurocement Group
10.5.2 Financial Performance
10.5.3 Product Outlook
10.5.4 Key Developments
10.6 LSR Group
10.6.2 Financial Performance
10.6.3 Product Outlook
10.6.4 Key Development
10.7 CEMEX S.A.B. de C.V
10.7.2 Financial Performance
10.7.3 Product Outlook
10.7.4 Key Developments
10.8 Adelaide Brighton LTD
10.8.2 Financial Performance
10.8.3 Product Outlook
10.8.4 Key Developments
10.9 Rogers Group Inc
10.9.2 Financial Performance
10.9.3 Product Outlook
10.9.4 Key Development
11.1 Related Research
Report Research Methodology
Verified Market Research uses the latest researching tools to offer accurate data insights. Our experts deliver the best research reports that have revenue generating recommendations. Analysts carry out extensive research using both top-down and bottom up methods. This helps in exploring the market from different dimensions.
This additionally supports the market researchers in segmenting different segments of the market for analysing them individually.
We appoint data triangulation strategies to explore different areas of the market. This way, we ensure that all our clients get reliable insights associated with the market. Different elements of research methodology appointed by our experts include:
Exploratory data mining
Market is filled with data. All the data is collected in raw format that undergoes a strict filtering system to ensure that only the required data is left behind. The leftover data is properly validated and its authenticity (of source) is checked before using it further. We also collect and mix the data from our previous market research reports.
All the previous reports are stored in our large in-house data repository. Also, the experts gather reliable information from the paid databases.
For understanding the entire market landscape, we need to get details about the past and ongoing trends also. To achieve this, we collect data from different members of the market (distributors and suppliers) along with government websites.
Last piece of the ‘market research’ puzzle is done by going through the data collected from questionnaires, journals and surveys. VMR analysts also give emphasis to different industry dynamics such as market drivers, restraints and monetary trends. As a result, the final set of collected data is a combination of different forms of raw statistics. All of this data is carved into usable information by putting it through authentication procedures and by using best in-class cross-validation techniques.
Data Collection Matrix
|Perspective||Primary Research||Secondary Research|
Econometrics and data visualization model
Our analysts offer market evaluations and forecasts using the industry-first simulation models. They utilize the BI-enabled dashboard to deliver real-time market statistics. With the help of embedded analytics, the clients can get details associated with brand analysis. They can also use the online reporting software to understand the different key performance indicators.
All the research models are customized to the prerequisites shared by the global clients.
The collected data includes market dynamics, technology landscape, application development and pricing trends. All of this is fed to the research model which then churns out the relevant data for market study.
Our market research experts offer both short-term (econometric models) and long-term analysis (technology market model) of the market in the same report. This way, the clients can achieve all their goals along with jumping on the emerging opportunities. Technological advancements, new product launches and money flow of the market is compared in different cases to showcase their impacts over the forecasted period.
Analysts use correlation, regression and time series analysis to deliver reliable business insights. Our experienced team of professionals diffuse the technology landscape, regulatory frameworks, economic outlook and business principles to share the details of external factors on the market under investigation.
Different demographics are analyzed individually to give appropriate details about the market. After this, all the region-wise data is joined together to serve the clients with glo-cal perspective. We ensure that all the data is accurate and all the actionable recommendations can be achieved in record time. We work with our clients in every step of the work, from exploring the market to implementing business plans. We largely focus on the following parameters for forecasting about the market under lens:
- Market drivers and restraints, along with their current and expected impact
- Raw material scenario and supply v/s price trends
- Regulatory scenario and expected developments
- Current capacity and expected capacity additions up to 2027
We assign different weights to the above parameters. This way, we are empowered to quantify their impact on the market’s momentum. Further, it helps us in delivering the evidence related to market growth rates.
The last step of the report making revolves around forecasting of the market. Exhaustive interviews of the industry experts and decision makers of the esteemed organizations are taken to validate the findings of our experts.
The assumptions that are made to obtain the statistics and data elements are cross-checked by interviewing managers over F2F discussions as well as over phone calls.
Different members of the market’s value chain such as suppliers, distributors, vendors and end consumers are also approached to deliver an unbiased market picture. All the interviews are conducted across the globe. There is no language barrier due to our experienced and multi-lingual team of professionals. Interviews have the capability to offer critical insights about the market. Current business scenarios and future market expectations escalate the quality of our five-star rated market research reports. Our highly trained team use the primary research with Key Industry Participants (KIPs) for validating the market forecasts:
- Established market players
- Raw data suppliers
- Network participants such as distributors
- End consumers
The aims of doing primary research are:
- Verifying the collected data in terms of accuracy and reliability.
- To understand the ongoing market trends and to foresee the future market growth patterns.
Industry Analysis Matrix
|Qualitative analysis||Quantitative analysis|
Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the epidemic has spread to nearly every country across the globe with the World Health Organization (WHO) announced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Our research shows that outperformers seek growth in every dimension which is core expansion, geographic, up and down the value chain, and in adjacent spaces.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every industry such as Aerospace & Defence, Agriculture, Food & Beverages, Automobile & Transportation, Chemical & Material, Consumer Goods, Retail & eCommerce, Energy & Power, Pharma & Healthcare, Packaging, Construction, Mining & Gases, Electronics & Semiconductor, Banking Financial Services & Insurance,ICT and many more.
The population around the globe had restricted themselves going out of their home and edge towards confining themselves to their homes which is impacting all the market negatively or positively.According to the current market situation, the report further assesses the present and future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the overall market, giving more reliable and authentic projections
The spread of coronavirus has crippled the entire world. Nearly all countries have imposed lockdowns and strict social distancing measures. This has resulted in disruptions of supply chains. The pandemic has changed common systems around the world.
As the effect of COVID-19 spreads, the overall market has been impacted by COVID-19 and the growth rate has also been impacted in 2019-2020. Our latest research, perspectives, and insights on the management issues that matter most to the companies and organization about the market, which is leading through the COVID-19 crisis to managing risk and digitizing operations to deliver trusted information and experiences to the decision makers.
Market Forecast Related Considerations
- Impact on each country and various region
- Change in supply chain related operation
- Positive and negative scenarios of the market during the ongoing pandemic
- Impact on various sectors facing the greatest drawbacks are manufacturing, transportation and logistics, and retail and consumer goods | <urn:uuid:af3a3315-5ed3-44d5-b0d5-44bba2b7d15d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/aggregates-market/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.910783 | 4,281 | 1.804688 | 2 |
The omicron variant has landed in Oakland and Wayne counties with six confirmed cases throughout the state, according to data from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS), WXYZ reported.
Oakland, Wayne and Washtenaw counties have one confirmed case each with two cases of the variant found in Genesee County and one in Kent County, where the first omicron variant case was found in the state, according to the article.
This is not good news for already-exasperated health officials who say (even before the latest variant was found) that Michigan is in its fourth COVID surge and the state is urging its residents to avoid the hospital emergency rooms unless they have life-threatening conditions, according to the article.
Henry Ford senior leaders and other metro Detroit hospitals noted that the one-year anniversary of administering its first COVID-19 vaccinations led to a grim assessment Wednesday, December 15 of how surging hospitalizations have their hospitals on the brink.
The state reached another pandemic record this week for COVID-19 hospitalizations, FOX 2 reported. On Wednesday, over 4,400 adults who tested positive for the virus are spread across the state.
The hospital was forced to cancel or postpone its procedures due to the rising the number of COVID-19 patients, according to the article.
“At Michigan Medicine, we are continuing to cancel surgeries because we just don’t have the beds. This week alone we canceled more than 40 cases. These are heartbreaking decisions,” University of Michigan Health President Dr. David Miller said in the article.
“Those who are unvaccinated are not just risking your own lives or those of your loved ones from COVID-19, you’re risking the lives of others who may die of preventable diseases who can’t get their needed health care,” said Michigan Medicine CEO Dr. Marschall Runge in the article.
Henry Ford also reported about 500 patients in its hospitals, a 34 percent increase in just the past month. Statewide, hospitalizations are up 10 percent and deaths are up 79 percent in the past two weeks, according to a press release.
Bob Riney, president of Healthcare Operations and Chief Operating Officer, and Adnan Munkarah, M.D., executive vice president and chief clinical officer, described the situation as dire, caused by people who are infected with COVID and unvaccinated.
“The unfortunate reality right now is that no matter which hospital you’re talking to, no matter which health system you’re talking to, the word that you’re going to hear about current conditions in the state of Michigan is crisis,” Riney said in a press release. “We are in crisis. There’s no way around it. There’s no way to sugarcoat it. On any given day, our emergency departments are either at capacity or close to it, and often times serving as inpatient units because we don’t have beds available in our standard inpatient units or ICUs.
“Our worry is that as we gather for the holidays and we’re all exhausted with the protective measures, we totally understand that, that things could even get worse.”
With its hospitals running at close to 100 percent for months, Riney said they aren’t built to operate at that level for weeks on end. Optimally, hospitals operate at 85 percent capacity to allow for overflow situations.
Dr. Munkarah said 80 percent of patients hospitalized with COVID are unvaccinated and 85 percent of COVID patients in the intensive care unit are unvaccinated. He then shared a striking statistic that bears out the benefit of vaccination.
“People who are vaccinated are 30 times more likely to survive a COVID admission than unvaccinated patients,” Dr. Munkarah said.
Jacqueline Pflaum-Carlson, M.D., critical care and emergency medicine physician at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, said the overwhelming number of COVID patients have taken its toll on her and her colleagues.
“With each passing day and each increased patient load and each death, it gets harder and harder to maintain that positive attitude,” she said, adding a personal plea to the unvaccinated to get their shot.
“Things are hard and we’re doing everything we can and doing our best to keep patients in good care. Have a little grace and consideration in how devastating things are right now.”
She said it has been tragic that so many patients have been led astray by vaccine misinformation.
“It’s so heartbreaking to walk them down this path of death, knowing this was preventable. And watching their family members have to go through this,” Dr. Pflaum-Carlson said.
Friday will mark the one-year anniversary of Henry Ford starting to administer vaccinations. In addition to vaccinating its own team members and patients, Henry Ford has given shots at schools, places of worship and businesses throughout the communities it serves. The health system also served as the medical director and major participant at the Ford Field vaccination site, where more than 275,000 doses of vaccine were administered.
Overall, Henry Ford has administered 380,000 doses of vaccine since Dec. 17, 2020. That includes more than 1,000 doses administered so far to children ages 5 – 11 who became eligible just a few weeks ago.
Dr. Munkarah celebrated the progress that has been made but emphasized more people need to get vaccinated to ease the strain on hospitals. “We have a way of stopping this rise, of bending the curve,” he said. “The unvaccinated people continue to make up the majority of admissions.” | <urn:uuid:c9d98f51-3f80-48a9-b841-8d421d9266c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://michiganchronicle.com/2021/12/17/covid-19-hospitalizations-set-another-pandemic-record-in-detroit-state/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961386 | 1,200 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Diaphragms! Barriers! Cervical Caps! FemCap! Caya! There is a whole language surrounding natural birth control options, but to most of us, it sounds like gibberish. Often we don't learn about these natural birth control options at the doctors office, so unfortunately, they remain shrouded in mystery.
Ever Thought Of Going Hormone-Free?
But at the same time, women are experiencing a shift. We still want effective birth control, yet we are trying to minimize the artificial hormones we are exposed to, eliminate unnecessary synthetic chemicals from our lives, and avoid health risks and side effects like depression and low libido. What we need is a reliable natural birth control method, that is free of synthetic hormones and allows our bodies to function and fluctuate organically. Ladies, it exists! One of the main concepts behind natural birth control is instead of putting a foreign chemical into your body to stop ovulation or implantation, you can use something to literally block sperm from entering your cervix. Want natural birth control? Stop sperm from entering your uterus instead of using chemicals to turn off ovulation all together. Pregnancy can only occur if sperm enters the cervix, travels up to the uterus, and meets a fertile egg. Stopping the sperm's journey is really all that is needed to eliminate the risk of pregnancy at the root.
Stopping That Sperm. How Barrier Contraceptives Work
Turning off ovulation with hormonal birth control, or implanting a foreign substance like a coil/IUD to stop implantation, are both drastic measures that we've come to accept as the only birth control options. But they are not! Barrier contraceptives are the majestic underdogs of natural birth control. They create a barrier between sperm and the cervix, stopping the sperm from ever entering the uterus, and therefore eliminating the chance of pregnancy. So instead of playing all sorts of games with your natural hormones and internal functioning, you close the door. Problem solved! Condoms are the most well known barrier contraceptive. After all, they block sperm from travelling to their target. But while condoms are the safe sex kings, if you are in a long term relationship with no concern of STDS, condoms can become a drag, interrupting that sexy skin-on-skin sensation and pausing the flow of an intimate moment.
Using Barrier Contraceptives
Enter Diaphragms (Caya diaphragm or traditional diaphragms) and cervical caps (FemCap). These lesser known barrier contraceptives are inserted into the vaginal canal before the start of intimacy, and sit inside the vaginal canal to block sperm from traveling upwards. Six hours after intercourse, when sperm is no longer viable, you simply take the diaphragm or FemCap out, similar to removing a tampon. Diaphragms are the classic barrier contraceptive that was the go to birth control before hormonal birth control came of age. A circular silicone dome is held in place by the vaginal walls to block sperm from passing and traveling up towards the cervix and uterus. NFP and FAM can be used in along with a diaphragm during fertile times (to learn more about what NFP is, read on here). When used correctly along with a contraceptive gel, diaphragms are an outstanding 94% effective.
Size Really Does Matter!
A downside to the traditional diaphragm is sizing. You must be fit by a trained health practitioner. And because the effectiveness goes way down if you are using the incorrect size diaphragm, you must regularly ensure that your diaphragm size has not changed. The new Caya diaphragm aims to eliminate much of the frustration around diaphragm sizing with its single size design. Fitting is still necessary, but once you know you fall within the range of sizes that Caya works with, you can use it without fear of your size changing. Whichever diaphragm option you opt for, most women are thrilled with this natural, effective, and virtually side-effect free birth control.
FemCap. Better Than Diaphragms?
FemCap was designed to improve on the diaphragm and open up the world of barrier contraception to more women who are searching for hormone-free birth control. It lightly suctions to the cervix — literally capping it and preventing sperm from entering. FemCap is notably smaller and less intimidating than a diaphragm. In controlled studies, more women were able to correctly place a FemCap without prior instruction. It’s design features a dome that caps the cervix, a ring that can be easily gripped for removal, and a brim that holds contraceptive gel in place.There are only three sizes for easy access: one size if you’'ve never been pregnant, one if you were pregnant but did not deliver vaginally, and a third if you did have a vaginal delivery.
Don't forget, FemCap, Diaphragms, and Caya all need to be used along with a spermicide or the non-toxic spermicide alternative ContraGel. | <urn:uuid:9694084c-62b6-49d6-b70a-67337a554410> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ethicalfamilyliving.co.uk/ethical-family-planning/barrier-contraception.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.91793 | 1,047 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Samsung Electronics, in a court case, has hit Apple’s distribution of older but still popular devices from sale in the U.S market. This follows their long running disputes over mobile patents.
The US International Trade Commission (ITC) ruled on Tuesday that the Silicon Valley company had infringed on a patent owned by Samsung that involves the ability of devices to transmit multiple services simultaneously and correctly through 3G wireless technology.
The independent federal agency therefore slapped a ban on the import or sale of the iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, iPad 3G and iPad 2 3G distributed by AT&T, the biggest seller of Apple devices in the United States when Samsung filed its complaint in 2011.
Although the iPhone 5 holds as the backbone of Apple’s shipments and major source of revenue — over 100 million units annually — the still popular iPhone 4 will be greatly affected unless Apple releases an iPhone 5 in a few months time. This implies that the iPhone 4 will be discontinued in approximately a year frm now, however the court ruling is not binding on the contract based iPhone 4 distribution by Verizon wireless.
This ruling is going to cause untold discrepancies in Apple’s custom sector. However, the U.S president Barrack Obama has up to 60 days inter alia to review the ruling lest it goes into effect.
Image via Josh Long/CNET | <urn:uuid:f801c48d-6699-4ba5-9183-c48b43315556> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dignited.com/3184/samsung-hits-apple-where-it-hurts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940467 | 277 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Five years of Pope Francis celebrated
THE LOVE and respect had for Pope Francis were clearly evident last night, when clergy and lay faithful alike, gathered to celebrate five years of his papacy with a special Mass at St Christopher’s Cathedral.
His Excellency Most Reverend Adolfo Tito Yllana, Papal Nuncio to Australia, was the principal celebrant at the Mass which was held on the Feast of St Joseph. Archbishop Christopher Prowse, Bishop Max Davis, Emeritus Auxiliary Bishop Pat Power and other priests from throughout the Archdiocese were on hand to concelebrate.
In his homily, Archbishop Christopher, Prowse drew parallels between St Joseph and Pope Francis, namely their humility and tenderness before then identifying three key images that point to the gift that the Holy Spirit has given the Church in Pope Francis. The three images are as follows:
- Pope Jorge Bergoglio for the first time on the Balcony of St Peter’s on March 13, 2013.
- Pope Francis embracing a severely disfigured (boils) and suffering man at St Peter’s Square in the Vatican during one of the Wednesday general audiences on November 6, 2013. Pope Francis paused for several minutes to receive and embrace the sick man.
- Pope Francis planting an olive tree in the Vatican gardens on 10 June 2014. He was joined by the former Israeli President Shimon Peres, and the Palestinian President, Mahmoud Abbas, together with the Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew. It demonstrates the extraordinary peace-making gifts our Pope generates – especially in his frequent overseas pilgrimages. But also the charity that plants seeds of peace, hope and joy in desert places [and] it also indicates how he shows incredible leadership of friendship and tenderness in regard to ecumenical and interreligious relations.
To read the Archbishop’s homily in full go to https://cgcatholic.org.au/about/our-archbishop/homilies/homily-mass-celebrating-fifth-anniversary-pontificate-holiness-pope-francis/ | <urn:uuid:007fa010-ac73-4b9e-874f-4b0f37ba430f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cgcatholic.org.au/2018/03/five-years-pope-francis-celebrated/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956455 | 438 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The Maria Sibylla Merian conference of 2017
Changing the Nature of Art and Science.
Intersections with Maria Sibylla Merian
In commemoration of her death three hundred years ago, the Maria Sibylla Merian Society organized in cooperation with the University of Amsterdam, the Artis Academy and the Artis Library an international conference on 7, 8 and 9 June 2017, titled Changing the Nature of Art and Science. Intersections with Maria Sibylla Merian. The aim of the conference was to bring together new research and projects relating to Maria Sibylla Merian. With her life and work as a focal point this conference also discussed topics that relate to Merian from a broader perspective.
Topics that were included:
- the religious, scientific, commercial, artistic context in which Merian worked and the overlapping areas among these cultural fields
- techniques and visual strategies of natural history illustration
- cultures of collecting and book production
- entomological research in Merian’s time
- new biographical and archival research into Merian’s life
- Merian’s networks in Frankfurt, Nuremberg, Amsterdam and Surinam
- Surinam as a colony and a place for commerce and study
- female naturalists, collectors and artists
- Merian’s influence on later naturalists and illustrators of natural history
- Merian’s heritage in a broader sense
- Merian’s art as inspirations for modern artists and novelists
For a link to the the official conference website, click HERE. To download the pdf’s with the official program and a full overview of the speakers and the abstracts, click the buttons below. | <urn:uuid:b9de64b5-e8da-4950-8b1f-c26e189c3bc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themariasibyllameriansociety.humanities.uva.nl/research/conference-2017/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.918569 | 359 | 2.03125 | 2 |
In non-extraction orthodontics, we avoid extracting healthy bicuspid teeth to make space.
(From Wikipedia: The premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps.)
This can be easily accomplished by early intervention therapy and jaw orthopedics. Special consideration is given to achieve and promote an enlarged airway, a healthy jaw joint, a fully developed, wide smile, and a pleasing facial profile with proper lip support.
The guiding principle “First do no harm!” implies that extracting perfectly healthy teeth in order to ‘create space’ in a jaw that is not big enough to accommodate all teeth, is a biological mistake. If jaw orthopedics is initiated precisely when the jaws are still developing (ages 5-11), this notion becomes obsolete. The trick is to MAKE space early, not to amputate later.
Take, as an example, the series of images: This little girl started out with a lower jaw that was too small. This might have been considered cute at this age, but as a young adult, that smaller jaw would have taken away from a pleasing profile. The latest development (bottom image) shows her after a very successful early intervention jaw orthopedics appliance therapy – this is a girl who will – growing up – exhibit facial harmony, a beautiful profile, self-esteem, and determination, that would never be possible with an underdeveloped chin.
There are growth centers in the jawbones which direct jaw growth in three fundamental dimensions: a slightly downward direction, responsible for vertical development of the jaws; a forward direction to help develop a pleasing profile; and a horizontal direction which aids lateral development.
Our genes determine the functioning of those growth centers. If any of those developments is disturbed, we can aid the jaw development with movable or fixed appliances to nudge those growth centers.
Read more in Principles of Functional Jaw Orthopedics…
The first sign that the jaw development of a child is not progressing optimally, are crowded teeth, a cross bite or similar manifestations. Traditionally braces were used, possibly after extracting perfectly good teeth to create space, to handle the situation.
Now we understand that these signs are just symptoms and that we have to handle the underlying dysfunction first. This is done with early intervention during the maximum growth phase of a child during the ages of 5 (6) to 10 (latest 11).
At age 10 we might have missed the early jaw orthopedics phase, as eighty percent of jaw growth has already occurred. During this time most of the primary teeth are either loose or already lost, which makes the application of removable appliances very difficult. If this early phase is missed, braces will probably take longer.
To gain a deeper understanding of the strategies employed in early intervention and to understand the positive health effects on opening the airways, lip closure training and nose breathing, read the pages on Strategies of Functional Jaw Orthopedics… | <urn:uuid:c167bb8c-bea8-4f52-ad33-008d60454deb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nonextractionorthodontics.info/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947928 | 649 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.