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How often should you meet with your financial advisor?
Many people ask this question when they begin planning for retirement.
How much is too often? And how much is not often enough?
Annually? Twice a year? Quarterly? And does it have to be in person? Or would the occasional phone call or text be okay?
If you’re asking these questions, you probably feel caught in the tension.
On one hand, this is your wealth. You’ve worked hard for it and you want to know what’s going on with it. But on the other hand, you don’t want to stress or feel like you’re micromanaging every detail. You want to offload the worries to someone else and be freed up to enjoy your life.
This article is all about helping you find the perfect middleground. You don’t have to be completely hands-off with your money. But you don’t have to spend all your time in meetings either.
Read to the end and find the right balance for you.
Why Do You Need to Meet with a Financial Advisor Anyway?
Financial advisors are wealth professionals that know how to help you make smart investments, plan for retirement and transfer your legacy to loved ones.
Not only do financial advisors help you manage your blessings, they also give you peace of mind and free time.
Because they’re trained experts, you don’t have to second guess whether you’re making the right decisions. And you can trust them to do all of the active management and detailed work, while you get to make the executive decisions and spend more time with your family.
For every hour you spend meeting with a financial advisor, you’re actually saving yourself untold hours of work and worry.
So a meeting is a worthwhile investment, but how often should you meet with your financial advisor?
What’s the Best Frequency for Meeting with Your Advisor?
Ask people how often you should meet with your advisor and you’ll likely get a few different answers.
As Little as Possible?
Some people may advocate for meeting as little as possible.
The benefits here are pretty obvious. You spend less time in meetings and have to worry about making fewer decisions.
But we can’t recommend this strategy.
Meeting also helps your advisor serve you well. At West Michigan Advisors, we believe the best financial planning is tailored to you. While you can offload a certain amount of decision-making, a good plan really needs your input. Only then can it reflect your priorities and goals.
We know those goals can change over time, so meet with your advisor enough to make sure your strategy grows with you. That way, it will always match your stage life and you’ll never run into any big surprises.
Should You Just Meet As Needed?
Other people advocate for meeting with your financial advisor only as needed.
That means making an appointment when there’s something big you want to discuss.
While we absolutely recommend making an appointment when something big comes up, you don’t want to wait until it does.
Instead of being proactive, this strategy often makes people reactive. And important questions often go unasked because they only come to mind when you sit down with your advisor.
For that reason, it’s important to have regular standing appointments. You can always make more as needed, but these will give you a reliable place to ask questions before they become concerns.
Let the Frequency Change Over Time
It’s important to have regular appointments, but the frequency of these may change over time.
When just beginning to work with an advisor, you may want to meet more often. At WMA, we spend a lot of time upfront getting to know you and customizing a financial plan to your needs.
But after the major blocks are in place, you won’t need to meet as often. Unless there are bigger changes, an annual meeting might be enough.
Then as you near retirement (or another important event) you might want to meet more often. This will allow you to handle big decisions with confidence.
Overall, be sure to choose the frequency that makes the most sense for you.
It is your wealth and you’re an important part of managing it!
If you want to be more hands-on or have a more active strategy, schedule more meetings. If you want to be less involved, schedule fewer. The frequency needs to make sense for your goals and lifestyle.
Do Meetings Have to Be Face to Face?
While it is important to have some face-to-face meetings, you aren’t limited to in-person communication.
At West Michigan Advisors, we like to keep in contact with our clients over the phone and through email.
That way they can always stay in the know without having to come to the office. And because they can ask questions without waiting for an in-person meeting, they feel much more in control of their finances.
Ask your advisor how they plan to stay in touch.
The Best Guideline
When choosing how often you should meet with your financial advisor, the best guideline is simple: set clear expectations.
Talk to your advisor about how often you want to sit down and discuss strategy. Tell them how often you’d like to receive calls or emails. Be clear about what things you want to be notified for and what things you want them to handle.
If you talk about expectations right away, you’ll be able to build a good relationship with your advisor. That may mean you’ll want to visit them more often. Or perhaps you’ll trust them so much you’ll just email them back from your vacation instead of running to the office. | <urn:uuid:8d5c7d4d-5fcb-4c5d-ba42-521c09b8b995> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://westmichiganadvisors.com/meet-with-an-advisor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96203 | 1,206 | 1.554688 | 2 |
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In these instances your own gelatin solubility is rather considering the cost associated with beef molecule your pH associated with the program. Thus, your much more the product pH is from their isoionicpH the higher has to be your solubility and gratification associated with gelatin. Gelatine is an effective improvement medium regarding micro-organisms, thus substantial care and attention must always be distant, inside manufacture, to avoid thirst. This care are confirmed by way of documented HACCP apps with the manufacturers. In the same way to guarantee program reproducibility, most companies try following ISO 9000 standard management computer software. Your very own alkali method (studied in more detail from the Cole and also Roberts ) is used of the bovine conceal as well as to collagen guides where in fact the dogs is definitely quite regular inside the slaughter.
Acid soil was counteracted by way of quickly basis limestone, as well as to basic soil is given gypsum alongside basis sulfur. And to keep alive their micro-organisms you will want vitamin also to humidity. Believe its sweets, flour and various breads food crumbs poured available. State a dry cloth or sponge together with sweets and you will see that your very own cloth or sponge will not choose one of the aspects.
This option distinction between allergy you’re able to time and climate in the middle germs as well as other dishes try the greatest overall technology. It applies to dairy milk, chicken, juice, and generally all the heat-painful prey materials. These temperatures production, being often employed in the canning industry when it comes to not enough-p meals, was actually exorbitant so to unneeded for your p nutrients. P foods are understood to be provisions by way of a ph regarding the four.6 and other minor. | <urn:uuid:702fae74-8f20-4af2-aec6-a78f2d6132e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://old.stuve.fau.de/2021/03/08/its-this-that-alkaline-body-of-24-hour-grocery-store-water-should-to-virtually-facial-skin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.948971 | 1,198 | 1.8125 | 2 |
When shopping for a new computer monitor, you’ll need to consider the display technology. Most computer monitors use one of two display technologies: liquid-crystal display (LCD) or light-emitting diode (LED). While they are both flat-panel display technologies that allow for slim and low-profile designs, they aren’t the same. What’s the difference between LCD and LED computer monitors, and which type should you choose?
What Is an LCD Computer Monitor?
An LCD computer monitor is a type of computer display that features liquid pixels. They are designed with multiple layers, one of which is a pixel layer. This pixel layer contains liquid organic compounds that are responsible for creating images. LCD computer monitors have a backlighting system that, during use, will shine light through the pixel layer. This light will illuminate the liquid organic compounds within the pixel layer, resulting in images being displayed. LCD technology is used in other devices like televisions, but it’s become one of the leading technologies for computer monitors as well.
Benefits of LCD computer monitors include the following:
- Energy efficient
- Supports slim and thin designs
What Is an LED Computer Monitor?
An LED computer monitor is a type of computer display that uses organic-light emitting diode (OLED) technology. They are similar to LCD computer monitors, with both types featuring a pixel layer. The main difference is that LED computer monitors don’t require backlighting. They have a self-illuminating pixel layer.
It’s important to note that some LCD computer monitors are marketed as “LED computer computers.” LCD computer monitors require backlighting. For this backlighting, some of them may use LEDs, in which case the manufacturer may market them as “LED computer monitors.” True LED computer monitors, though, use OLED technology without backlighting.
Benefits of LED computer monitors include the following:
- Superior brightness
- Better contrast
- Doesn’t require backlighting
Choosing Between an LCD and LED Computer Monitor
Both LCD and LED computer monitors use a flat-panel display technology. The former type use LCD technology, whereas the latter type use OLED technology. Which type of computer monitor should you choose?
You really can’t go wrong with either an LCD or LED computer monitor. Both types outperform older computer monitors like cold-cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL). Nonetheless, OLED computer monitors often come out on top. They produce brighter images with better contrast, and unlike LCD computer monitors, they don’t require backlighting. Just remember to choose a computer monitor with a high resolution from a trusted and reputable brand.
#lcdvsled #monitors #computers | <urn:uuid:75a683fc-9cd3-4808-870e-d31a00f2a0a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://logixconsulting.com/2021/04/21/lcd-vs-led-computer-monitors-which-is-best/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.921635 | 575 | 2.921875 | 3 |
CODE_n SPACES Residents | Five questions to BABYBE medical, a revolutionary HealthTech startup
Ta-da! Say hello to our new CODE_n SPACES resident BABYBE medical! Every year, 3.3 million babies are born preterm. The big problem is that current incubators do not have the means to foster brain development in premature babies, who need a womb-like environment with something that feels like the heartbeat and voice of the mother. This can now change thanks to “bionic emulation” of the mother’s body, provided by the ingenious technology of BABYBE! We’re delighted to introduce our new CODE_n community member in the HealthTech/IoT sector: BABYBE medical. We asked CTO and founder Raphael Lang 5 questions about the startup, life as an entrepreneur, and the cool stuff they’re doing.
1. Hi to everyone at BABYBE and once again a warm welcome to CODE_n SPACES! Your HealthTech startup only recently moved into its new premises at CODE_n. What exactly does BABYBE do and what does your business concept have to do with digital transformation?
Almost 12% of all children are now born preterm and they sometimes have to spend weeks or even months in an incubator in intensive care. Some of these tiny children weigh as little as 500 grams. For the parents this can be a really harrowing time and so many things are completely new to them. It’s also a time when the young baby’s brain is just going through a really crucial stage of physical or structural development – a good 90% of all life-long synaptic connections are formed during this time. One of the things preterm babies miss most is the heartbeat, voice, and breathing movements of the mother. Without this important sensory input the underdeveloped brain is not receiving the stimuli it needs to develop properly. So we’ve developed a device that replicates the bionic sensation of a woman’s chest. In tactile terms, the premature baby feels like it’s lying on its mother. The key bit is that the breathing, heartbeat, and voice come from the baby’s actual mother in real time. One of the important psychological aspects with this is that a mother can actively do something for the development of her child. This is extremely important for bonding between the mother and the child.
BABYBE is also the world’s first example of a medical technology that really makes use of all the possibilities offered by the internet of things (IoT). We can even transmit the mother’s voice and heartbeat when she’s at home – to the hospital, to the incubator, directly to the premature baby in intensive care. We do this by using smartphones and smartwatches in combination with our own app. This adds an important extra dimension to the scope of the BABYBE system.
2. How did you first hear about CODE_n and what made you decide to come to the Innovation Campus to move your startup forward?
We heard about it through our investment manager at MBG Baden Wuerttemberg. In fact, I’d like to say thank you at this point for that! CODE_n is an awesome location that goes far beyond just offering you an office. It’s got networking options, marketing, and important ways to exchange ideas with other startups and organize brainstorming sessions. We find it so exciting being in an office environment where there’s such a buzz. In design terms, too, the aesthetics of the Innovation Campus are great – you know, some of us studied at the art academy in Stuttgart so as business founders we also have to appreciate that aspect.
3. What have been the biggest obstacles you’ve had to overcome in setting up your company?
Taking medical technology from an initial concept through all the medical approvals and clinical studies is a long and rocky road. We originally set up the business in 2011 and it wasn’t until the end of 2016 that we’d gotten CE approval. For a business venture, five years of R&D is a real slog. Even in 2011, there was basically zero interest in Baden-Wuerttemberg in hardware startups. Even though we had the complete support of the medical team at the hospital in Stuttgart, we couldn’t find risk capital or any funding programs for us in Germany. So in 2012 we shifted our startup to Shenzhen, China, and Santiago de Chile – we did get investments there and in 2014 we even did stuff in San Francisco with the Intel® Make It Wearable challenge. By the end of 2015 every penny of funding had come from outside Germany. But the positive side was that from the get-go, our product could be tested internationally and we got media coverage on the BBC and in The Economist. Now that it comes to the manufacturing side of things we’d like to produce the technology in Baden-Wuerttemberg. But so far we’ve not managed to find OEM partners that are genuinely interested in entering into a partnership with a startup on fair terms and are really interested in manufacturing an innovative product together. We’re currently producing just outside of Berlin, in Nuremberg, and in China but it’s a bit of a logistical challenge. Something’s shifted with the mindset in Stuttgart, but it’s still a bit of an uphill struggle working on a startup in a location like Stuttgart, especially if we want to keep our avant-garde players here.
#1 Launch the product right at the beginning in the United States and China and do whatever you can to get on board a well-known US or Chinese accelerator program like Hax.co, Start-Up Chile, or Intel® MIW.
#2 Develop and test the product with pilot customers.
#3 Get yourself a co-founder you have a spiritual kinship with.
5. And next – where do you see yourselves in five years?
For us as the founders of BABYBE, it’s a springboard for turning science fiction and robotics into a reality. We recently went to the movies and saw Ghost in the Shell. We’re also working on a new bionic product in the field of home care at the moment. BABYBE is already in use in four European countries in everyday clinical situations. Our goal is for BABYBE to be offering every premature baby in Europe the same opportunity to receive care and support with its development.
Thanks Raphael for those insights. Make yourselves at home here. It’s great to have you as part of the CODE_n family! | <urn:uuid:22748bdf-e06b-4c18-ad51-997cec27dacc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.code-n.org/blog/code_n-spaces-residents-5-questions-babybe-medical/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951003 | 1,406 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Dragons. Found in various cultures and histories around the globe, draconic creatures are a staple of our mythology. There’s the Hydra from Greece, Apep from Egypt, and Chinese dragons from, well, China. And those are just some of the examples of these magnificent beings manifesting in stories across the globe. There’s so much evidence that humans just kind of love dragons. These scaly mythical creatures are irresistible—along with the books that tell their stories. If you didn’t already go through a dragon phase when you were a child, don’t worry, your time has come. Have a look at some of the best adult dragon books around.
The Rage of Dragons by Evan Winter
Inspired by Zulu history and mythology, this novel follows the Omehi people, who have been in a seemingly unwinnable war for nearly two centuries. Some of the Omehi are gifted with the ability to command dragons or to transform into fantastic beings. But not Tau, a young boy with no gifts at all. That doesn’t matter, though, because what he does have is a single focus that will guide him on a perilous journey: revenge.
His Majesty’s Dragon by Naomi Novik
Naomi Novik is a fantasy writing powerhouse, and here she lends her top-notch character development and world-building to a world with some of the most fantastic depictions of dragons I’ve ever seen. This start to a series chronicles the adventures of Captain Will Laurence and the dragon egg (which hatches eventually, of course) that he finds while seizing a French ship. And the best news is, if you adore the first book, there are eight more entries in the series for you to devour.
Sorcerer to the Crown by Zen Cho
Zen Cho builds an alternate, whimsical history in this thrilling story of the British elite. Its main character is Zacharias Wythe, a previously enslaved Black man who is now one of the best sorcerers in England. Though facing intense prejudice from most around him, he still does his duty to his country, venturing to Fairyland to discover why the magic in England is slowly drying up. What he finds there is a much bigger mystery (and plot) than he ever expected.
Tooth and Claw by Jo Walton
Now this one is a bit different from the others on the list, in that all the characters in this book are the dragons themselves. After the death of a family member, it is dragon custom to eat the deceased, along with the weakest members of the family. So when a patriarch dies, his descendants scramble to make sense of the consequences of his passing, and to not die in the process.
A Natural History of Dragons by Marie Brennan
Set in the form of a memoir from one of the world’s best dragon experts, this rousing tale recounts the adventures of Lady Trent as she attempts to bring the study of dragons in communion with modern science. Overall, this book effortlessly captures the spirit of all the real-life lady scientists who often risked life and reputation to discover what they loved most. I know I would be one of those people obsessed with learning all I could if dragons did exist. (I’m still hoping for a revelatory discovery that proves me wrong, of course.)
Phoenix Extravagant by Yoon Ha Lee
First of all, let’s just bow down before this striking cover. It is genuinely breathtaking, and the pages inside still live up to its cover art’s hype. Though not coming out until October 20, 2020, this book is already making waves from early reviews. A big-time fan of Yoon Ha Lee’s world-building and clockwork-tight prose, I’m especially excited for this book to blow minds when it comes out. Sneak peek: a reluctant artist tasked with a morally grey assignment for the military and a philosophical, mechanical dragon unlike any other.
The Priory of the Orange Tree by Samantha Shannon
Sometimes you just feel in the mood to sink your teeth into an 800+ page epic fantasy. If that’s your inclination right now, I’d suggest The Priory of the Orange Tree. It’s a truly sweeping tale of political intrigue, dragonriders, and assassination plots that’ll truly have you forgetting it’s the size of two regular-sized books.
Songs of Insurrection by J.C. Kang
Another gorgeous cover alongside a gorgeous story. Part spy thriller, part epic fantasy, and part romance, this book really has something for everyone. In this world, songs have power. Princess Kaiya knows this, and has the potential for greatness, but somehow can’t get the court to see her as anything other than a figurehead (and a weak one at that). But, of course, Kaiya won’t let that be the case for long as her power— and her sense of self—grows stronger every day. | <urn:uuid:762b85e3-2ebd-4779-b947-9b96e62dae0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://staging.bookriot.com/adult-dragon-books/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95016 | 1,037 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The Visual Science Lab I didn't really understand this blog when I started reading it. It's a bit all over the place. When I started reading the author, photographer Kirk Tuck, was obsessed with Olympus cameras and I really couldn't relate, not owning nor even wanting particularly to own an Olympus. But what gear he's shooting with is really beside the point. He is an incredibly prolific writer, spinning out endless essays about the worth of various parts of the photography business and process as a whole. What I love about him most is that he changes his mind almost every week. Yet I wouldn't characterize him as wishy-washy or indecisive. He's just a bit quicksilver, unpredictable. Always a good read. Even when you don't particularly care to purchase or even try the equipment he's talking about.
From Quotidian Photography (blog)
Posted by Kirk, Photographer/Writer at 20:26
Starting back in 1996 we used a FujiFilm DS300 camera for some of our event work. It was only 1.3 megapixels but I remember pressing it into service on a Motorola shoot. We were doing all the documentation with 35mm film but we needed to print and deliver 100 11x14 inch prints over night. They were going to put the prints on a kinetic display that attendees would walk thru on their way to the first meeting, the next day.
My assistant and I did 100 portraits and we tried to limit our shooting to five shots per person because editing was slow going back then. Few real image management programs were available then and the ones that existed were glacial and prone to crashing. We had two of the Epson wide carriage printers. I can't remember the model number but it might have been the 1200. The old camera and printers did the job. There was no preview LCD screen on the back of the DS300. You shot it on faith. And you definitely used your flash meter. Just to repeat: There was no preview screen on the back. I love the PCMCIA memory cards we used. And at $600 for 64 megabytes we were careful not to lose them.
The job above was done for Tivoli Systems back in 1998 or 1999, in Madrid. We were using film cameras for most of the work but the webmasters insisted that we try to capture and send a generous handful of images everyday for a web display. We also used digital for quick press release images. Since digital was an afterthought and I would be carrying a bunch of film gear, and film, I decided to take the brand new Nikon Coolpix 950 along. I cobbled together a corded hot shoe for flash and I bought both the wide angle and the telephoto attachable accessory lenses for extra width and extra reach.
Did the wide angle distort? Just look at the stage shot. But the telephoto adapter was good. Just look at the CEO on stage just above.
I shot 800 images with the digital camera over the course of the week and spent my evenings downloading to the brand new Apple Blueberry laptop and burning CD's with a 4x CD burner. The joy of it all. At least that camera had an LCD on the back. And from what I remember it was pretty good, but pretty small. Amazingly we did a ton of work with that little camera.
But being a very early adopter (Fuji DS300) means finding your own work arounds for everything that pops up. From computer incompatibilites to card corruptions. There was very little trouble shooting software for memory cards back then, much less recovery software. And since about 400 people in the U.S. owned the camera (maybe fewer) there wasn't a big network on the web to consult. But good technique counted double back then.
A few years later I shot my first website project with a Canon G2 and the food images from that are still great at websize today.
I bring all of this up because I've lived on such a roller coaster over the last year. I got the Canon 5D2 for its high resolution but most of the images end up on the web or in show productions where 1080i standard is par for the course. I've recently started working with the Olympus EPL2 which is a consumer camera, one step up from a point and shoot. People loved the two images I posted from it yesterday. That camera is cheaper than all of the cameras I mentioned above by a factor of 2 to 5X and yet the images are striking.
Do we buy the new cameras to assure ourselves or because we really need them for work? I guess we do both. But if I didn't do this for a living I sure would have thought long and hard about giving up some of the early cameras to upgrade. The Nikon D200 wasn't much of an actual upgrade over the D100. The Fuji S5 didn't blow the S2 away and the Olympus e3 sure didn't wallop the e1. In some regards the user is still more important than the camera. But so much depends on the intended target for the images. A Nikon Coolpix 950 against a Nikon D3x for a 20 by 30 inch enlargement is the obvious comparison but below 8x10 inches things look like more and more shades of gray.
Review Notes: I'm working on my EPL2 review but I want to manage your expectations. If flare rears it's ugly head, I'll talk about it, but I won't go out shooting into the blazing sun looking for it. Ditto red spots. I'll slap on a 40mm 1.4 and shoot some high ISO stuff but I won't be doing the DPR thang where I shoot a boring still life set up at every single setting.
I'm shooting the camera and the two lenses they sent along just the way I'd normally shoot a camera and that's what I'm going to talk about. So far it seems promising. Takes a day or two to get in the groove.
Posted by Kirk, Photographer/Writer at 14:07 | <urn:uuid:7c51eaa1-9678-432f-a922-98a7167c049d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://visualsciencelab.blogspot.com/2011_01_17_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974642 | 1,250 | 1.695313 | 2 |
A business needs to know what their customers want, whether or not their customers trust their products and whether or not the business is known in their demographics community. All of these things can come from marketing.
Marketing is one of the most important things a business can do in order to increase its business, demand, relevance, competition and its reputation.
Without marketing, a business will fail, no matter what.
Here are some reasons why marketing is important for your business.
Marketing is a good way to engage customers
It is important for a business to engage its customers to keep its ‘conversation’ going. This allows the business to know what the customers like and what the demand is, and then fill this demand. One of the best ways to do this is social media, which allows you to directly engage with customers on a large online platform. | <urn:uuid:304bcc7a-b6b7-474b-9443-08594c6cfdb1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.litamagazine.com.au/reasons-why-marketing-is-important-for-your-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967163 | 177 | 2.046875 | 2 |
BCI Home Entertainment
Cast: Richard Dreyfuss
Extras: Commentary Track, Featurette, Piano Illustration
On May 31 of 1889 the breaking of a dam caused a devastating flood in the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. 2209 people were killed, swept away by the wall of water, thousands were left homeless as their houses were smashed and washed down the river. It was the worst flood disaster ever to hit the United States.
Mark Bussler took on the task to write and direct this documentary about the disaster, which is now available on DVD from Inecom Entertainment. Entirely in black and white, the documentary uses original images from the disaster and combines it with reenactments of the events, all of it narrated by Richard Dreyfuss.
Presented in fullscreen on this DVD, the transfer is very clean and clear, although the vintage footage that is also included in the production does exhibit some minor defects. The image has a very good black fall-off, creating wide gradients that allow for a very well-defined black and white presentation. Blacks are deep and solid while whites are true highlights without blooming. No edge-enhancement and its distracting ringing artifacts are noticeable and the compression has also been handled very well.
The DVD also contains a commentary track featuring Richard Burkert, the Executive Director of the Johnston Area Heritage Association, in which he explores even further the historic background of the events. It is a very interesting, though also a bit scholarly, commentary track that adds a lot of additional depth to the release.
A 20-minute documentary featuring and interview with Burkert further explores the subject matter.
’The Johnstown Flood,’ a 7-minute piano piece is als oincluded on the DVD, exclusively performed for this release by Patricia Prattis Jennings.
’Johnstown Flood’ is a great, and emotional documentary on the subject matter that is absolutely required seeing for everyone interested in the history of this country. Well written and photographed, marvelously narrated, this film is coming to great life on this DVD release, so make sure to check it out. | <urn:uuid:e858d6b4-3c8d-4871-9fcd-d4691c86e396> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.dvdreview.com/2003/07/johnstown-flood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961241 | 444 | 1.882813 | 2 |
As it stands, very few people actually plan for a power outage, and when it happens, unfortunately, most people are totally unprepared.
I don’t know about you, but when we were kids, my dad used to have fire drills in our house. He also used to show us what to do in case the power went out or of we were hit with a tornado or some other natural catastrophe.
He’d tell us all the time, “Preparation beats luck everytime!” As you know, outages can leave a home without power for lighting, heat, cooking, medical equipment, refrigeration, computers, aquariums and even pumping water.
The deadly winter storm in 2007 is a classic case in point. In certain areas, people were left without electricity for days… unless they were smart or fortunate enough to have a portable generator.
Portable generators are designed to provide quick, easy to use, safe and reliable portable power and emergency back up power for when you need it most.
What is a Portable Generator and Who Makes Them?
They are devices that provide:
- emergency electrical power
- back up power
- stand-by power
- temporary power
- portable electrical power
They are generally powered by: gasoline, diesel fuel, propane and/or natural gas. Most commonly, residents and businesses left without power after inclement or severe weather resort to using portable generators to keep vital appliances and devices operating. Portable generators come in various power outputs. Some generators have enough capacity to power entire residences, (i.e., refrigerator, lights, televisions, computers and heaters) for extended periods of time before refueling.
In addition, numerous construction sites use portable generators to power tools, light work sites and provide electricity to remote locations. You can even find portable generators are sporting events, providing electricity for scoreboards, timers night lights.
It is important to note that portable generators are designed to be temporary electrical generators. Meaning they are not designed to provide permanent power.
Who Makes Portable Generators? Companies such as: Makita Generator, Honda Generator, Kawasaki Generator, Yamaha Generator, Briggs and Stratton Generator, Tsurumi Generator, Husqvarna Generator, and Generac Generator. There are others, but these are some of the best. | <urn:uuid:34751749-b151-4e0d-97f9-9d82deeb5f7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://findgenerators.net/portable-generator-information/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.931496 | 474 | 2.90625 | 3 |
What is Independent Mental Capacity Advocacy?
An Independent Mental Capacity Advocate (IMCA) helps people who lack capacity so that they can be involved in decisions that are being made on their behalf.
It is for people who have been assessed as lacking the mental capacity to make a decision for themselves and:
- Certain decisions are being made for them in their best interests, and
- They have no one who it is appropriate to consult with regarding the decision.
The decision being made must be regarding:
- Serious medical treatment
- Change of accommodation
- Adult Safeguarding Procedures (where the alleged perpetrator lacks capacity)
- Care Reviews
We also work with people subject to a Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS).
Who is this service for?
Independent Mental Capacity Advocates (IMCAs) help people who have been deemed to lack the capacity to make decisions.
Who can access it?
Qualifying individuals at the time the decision needs to be made, must be aged 16 and over, either a resident, permanent or temporary, in Manchester or a patient in a Manchester hospital.
Referrals need to be made by the NHS or local authority.
Gaddum also provides IMCADoLS and Paid Relevant Person’s Representative services to residents of Manchester.
Referrals can be made via Egress/Switch on email@example.com or password protected and sent to the same email address.
How to refer
Referrals have to be made by a professional such as a doctor or social worker. | <urn:uuid:4af37d21-069a-45ab-b637-a465a6086edc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gaddum.org.uk/advocacy/independent-mental-capacity-advocacy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956291 | 326 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Toddler Clothes Planning Tips
As a toddler my daughter had a special knack to spill her soup, milk or cover herself with mud the moment I dressed her up in lovely clean clothes. She needed many clothes.
Toddlers have immense energy and are extremely active. They need huge amount of comfortable clothing. Buying the right clothes for your toddler makes a big difference in your life.
Here is a Guide for Planning Toddler Clothing
- Buying clothes for toddlers is an exciting experience. The markets are flooded with options
- Select natural, durable, absorbent and easy to care fabrics. Layered clothing is great as it can be added or removed according to the weather.
Here is a list of things to be kept in mind:
- Easy to put on and off
- No complex yarns/ties/belts/lace
- Buy bottom wear with adjustable elastic bands
- Keep potty times in mind
- Size up when unsure
- Mix and match
- Toddler friendly Festive accessories – No lose bows, buttons or yarns
- Tough fabrics
- Planning your shopping saves money, time and energy. It also reduces the number of regret buys. Planning ahead is the key to get great stuff within budgets. Look for bargains and offers. Buy winter clothes in February that marks the end of winter, when shops and brands offer huge discounts. Similarly buy summer clothes at the end of the summer season. As this will be for the next season, buy larger clothes anticipating the growth of your toddler.
Size for Toddler Clothes
Buying clothes for toddlers should have a good mix of sizes. As toddlers grow up very fast, it is always better to buy some clothes two sizes bigger.
Fabric for Toddler Clothes
Comfort is crucial while selecting the fabric. Cotton is the best option. You can also buy combination fabric with a higher percentage of cotton for easy maintenance. Check for labels or stickers. These should not scratch the child’s soft skin. Always opt for good-quality clothes, that can be machine washed and require minimum maintenance.
Colour for Toddler Clothes
This is the only time you can play with colour. Toddlers look lovely in bright colours and often don’t show any preferences. Try to have an assortment of dresses. Bright pastels and neutral all will look good. Go for nursery prints, cartoon characters, polka dots, stripes or checks. The colour should be fast and not bleed; otherwise, you need to hand wash.
Day and Night wear
Have at least four sets of day clothes and two sets of night clothes for every day for your toddler. Lighter clothes for the day in the summer season would be essential. For the night, you can have something thicker.
Clothing Styles for Toddler Clothes
Toddler clothing should look good and be practical. Putting on and taking off a dress should be easy. The necklines should be stretchable and loose.
Budget for Toddler Clothes
Don’t go for branded and expensive T Shirts, tops, tights, vests. Have a good mix of cheaper labels with branded ones to avoid unnecessary expenses.
Handy Checklist for Toddler Clothes
- T Shirts
Whatever clothing you select, make sure that it is comfortable and not restricting. Functionality is crucial. Buying for toddlers can be confusing with innumerable options in the market. Making a list of what you have and what is required helps in planning your toddler’s wardrobe effectively.
Nupur Roopa is a freelance writer, Instructional designer and a Certified Motherhood Coach. She is a voracious reader and loves to read both fiction and non-fiction. As a Yoga practitioner, Reiki master, she brings her experience in energy healing through the five elements to her coaching practice. She specializes in working with women in transition, especially mothers who want to create a joyful contended life. Find her at http://blissformoms.com/ | <urn:uuid:1a2cf4d5-b141-453d-9240-f02ea051c806> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shishuworld.com/toddler-clothes-planning-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934763 | 868 | 1.679688 | 2 |
For years I have said that if the price of fertilizer doubled, there would not be enough cover crop seed in the world to meet demand. Unfortunately, that is exactly where we are today.
Cover crops and fertility
Cover crops perform four main functions with respect to soil fertility. The first is to retain nutrients in the soil, especially nitrogen, as it is an escape artist and can leave with the water, either by runoff or by leaching into the soil.
Second, legume cover crops can extract nitrogen from the air and store it in the soil for use by cash crops.
Third, they can extract nutrients deeper into the soil profile than the cash crop could accomplish and subsequently release those nutrients to the soil surface, making them available for the next crop. Deep rooted covers like radishes and annual ryegrass are some of the best examples.
Finally, cover crops can indirectly release nutrients that were not available, mainly due to the activation of biological life in the soil.
The perfect storm
Ironically, despite recent increased interest, seed for cover crops was already going to run out due to low yields due to excessive heat and limited humidity last summer in Oregon, where most seeds are grown.
Limited supply and increased demand will result in higher prices for cover crop seed, but will likely still favor the cover crop path at a cost per unit of fertility.
Can I plant a cover crop this spring?
Against the background of using cover crops to increase or compensate for purchased fertility, the options are limited for a spring cover planting.
A plausible idea is to plant peas as early as possible. Yes, I planted peas in January with good results. Adding a bushel or two of oats is beneficial in achieving some weed control.
To be effective, this strategy would be targeted on your last corn planting around the end of May. The peas can then provide up to 100 pounds of nitrogen.
Spreading manure on a growing cover crop is an ideal method of retaining applied nutrients in the field. Be careful not to smother the cover crop with heavy application.
The advantage of a live cover crop is that it will immediately take up available nitrogen and essentially store it until later. The timing of the release of these nutrients from the cover crop will be determined by maturity at the end.
Typically, cereal rye killed at the start-up stage or earlier will release most of its captured nitrogen during the summer.
If grain rye is controlled after the ear has emerged, most of the nitrogen will be blocked until it breaks down and likely not be available until the next cash crop is planted.
You should treat your cover crops like your cash crops. The benefit of cover crops is how you manage them, just like in cash crops.
Cover crop has gone from making fun of the local mad farmer who planted radishes as a cover crop to now featured in every print farm magazine. Farmers are being prepared like never before to use cover crops.
Those who just look at cover crops from an economic perspective now see the potential benefit in the ledger with nutrient assessment.
Closer to the coach
Talk to your cover crop seed supplier now and communicate your intentions for this fall.
In the spirit of treating your cover crops like your cash crops, you may now need to reserve your cover crop seeds months in advance in 2022 in order to get your preferred genetics.
The most frequently asked question over the past decade: “Do cover crops pay off? – can now have a clearer answer. | <urn:uuid:26f3920f-0d49-4c9c-b0bb-55ebdc55618a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dalycitygreens.org/can-cover-crops-reduce-fertilizer-costs-main-edition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961375 | 716 | 2.890625 | 3 |
A Community Devoted to the Preservation and Practice of Celestial Navigation and Other Methods of Traditional Wayfinding
From: Frank Reed
Date: 2014 Oct 4, 14:07 -0700
"I found the UK Air Almanac for 2014"
Well, sort of. That document replaces the actual Air Almanac. It's a bait and switch! You will discover if you open that pdf that it does not contain any actual navigational data --only planning data, e.g. times of twilight, moonrise, moonset, etc. It's something produced as a "labour of love" in-house at HMNAO. It's not fit for navigation. | <urn:uuid:2202c4fa-dc21-41b6-9072-ffba01cb1cd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fer3.com/arc/m2.aspx/Moon-sight-FrankReed-oct-2014-g28854 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.806814 | 148 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Last September, Total E&P Canada Ltd (TEP), a division of the multinational oil company Total SA, gave a gift of $100,000 to the newly founded McGill Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (ISEAD).
ISEAD hasn’t officially launched, but has been sponsoring speakers and has provided a few undergraduate scholarships and fellowships. According to McGill Electrical and Computer Engineering professor Geza Joos, the newly appointed director of ISEAD, the institute will attempt to “make students sensitive to the whole issue of sustainability in engineering and design.”
The gift was donated after Jean-Michel Gires, CEO of TEP, gave an ISEAD-sponsored presentation in September titled “The Sustainability of the Tar Sands.” TEP has recently been the target of scrutiny by environmental groups including Sierra Club Canada after being approved to build Alberta’s ninth oil sands mine in Joslyn North.
Andrew Kirk, associate dean of Research and Graduate Education in the Faculty of Engineering, said that the money will be used to “support graduate and undergraduate fellowships and scholarships for projects of ‘general sustainability.’”
Kirk, the previous head of ISEAD, continued, saying, “The rest of money is going in to support the speaker series.”
Alex Briggs, an activist with Climate Justice Montreal and U2 Mechanical Engineering student, reflected on Gires’s presentation.
“The tar sands are the only thing that are sustainable to our society, because they are the only source of oil that is acceptable to the current world order. But that’s not the definition of sustainability that most people would identify with,” said Briggs.
“Anything that makes people more self-sufficient loses Total business, so they have a conflict of interest in making the world a more sustainable place,” he added.
When asked how Gires’s presentation fit into ISEAD’s sustainability mandate, Joos replied: “I don’t want to comment on Total’s commitment to sustainability, because it is not our purpose as an institute to make any comments either way.”
Briggs defined a sustainable system as one “where all negative effects that your life imposes on the world are balanced by positive effects at the same time.”
ISEAD, however, is keeping its definition of sustainability more fluid.
“We will accept the notion of sustainability that is offered to us, to the extent that there is an effort made to make it ‘sustainable,’ not necessarily sustainable indefinitely, but more sustainable, less destructive,” Joos said.
The institute will focus purely on the engineering and design aspects of sustainability, without providing a forum for talking about the societal aspects of sustainability.
“We are just focused on anything that is associated with engineering, urban planning, and architecture. We try to stay away from environmental issues that are covered by the McGill School of Environment, Law, Social Work, Psychology. These are essentially secondary issues,” said Joos.
“The institute itself will not take a position related to First Nations, Hydro-Québec, dams, et cetera. Those are more environmental type issues, social justice type issues,” he added.
As a new institute, ISEAD is still searching for a consistent mandate. Joos replaced Kirk as director on June 1, 2010.
ISEAD is currently focusing on seven key research and teaching themes, including sustainable manufacturing, design and construction of the built environment, and greenhouse gas capture and storage.
Joos explained one of the rationales behind researching greenhouse gas capturing.
“It is one of the solutions to keep on using coal. …At the moment, coal is by far the cheapest energy resource,” he said.
Kirk differed with Joos on this research direction: “Just because someone is doing research on something, it doesn’t mean that it is necessarily a good idea. There is an argument against this, in that if we build carbon sequestration systems, are we just giving high carbon fuels just a bit longer to run?”
Joos also confirmed that the research would not look at the effects of carbon capturing on the environment.
“The research at the moment is how to do it using the minimum amount of energy, how to extract the carbon dioxide,” he said.
Kirk questioned the commitment to making carbon fuels more sustainable, given rapidly depleting carbon fuel resources.
“I’m afraid that if we look at the Chinese economy and the Indian economy and look at how much coal they have available to them, I’m pretty convinced all that coal is going to get burned at some point. I think we need technology to capture it, unless we come up with a sufficiently low-cost form of energy. There isn’t really anything in the next ten years, as far as I see it, that’s going to cut it,” said Kirk.
Gires first came to McGill in March, when he gave a similar presentation at the “Engineers in Action” speakers series, put on by McGill’s Engineering Student Centre.
Engineering student services have a history of promoting oil and gas companies who operate in the tar sands. Last month, the Engineering Career Centre subsidized a group of students to visit Calgary to network with a number of these companies, including Imperial Oil, Shell, Syncrude, Suncor, and Total SA.
Darlene Hnatchuck, industry liaison for the Engineering Career Centre and organizer of this subsidized trip – named “Energy Tour” – was asked whether she vetted the companies that were asking students to come work for them.
“If we were to vet all of the companies, it would take us down a very slippery slope in terms of making decisions for adults,” she said. “So we don’t vet companies.”
Hnatchuck added, “we don’t have one focus, we are not tied to any one particular industry, because it is important to get McGill Engineering graduates to all industries if we want them to make a difference.”
The next speaker in the ISEAD speaker series is Pierre Duhaime, CEO of Montreal-based engineering firm SNC-Lavalin, one of the ten largest engineering firms in the world. SNC-Lavalin has also recently been the subject of activist scrutiny, after engineering the G20 security fences in downtown Toronto, and providing 300 to 500 million bullets for the U.S. military after the ‘shock and awe’ attacks on Iraq in 2004. Duhaime will be at McGill on February 14. | <urn:uuid:240ba266-6d47-4220-8e4e-1aadc6e46ac4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mcgilldaily.com/2011/02/mcgill-engineers-tackle-sustainable-energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.958271 | 1,410 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Not-for-Profit Officers, Directors and the Board - Workshop
This workshop is presented by the Governance Institute of Australia.
Please email your name, contact number and course of interest to firstname.lastname@example.org to receive a 10% CA ANZ member discount. A member of the Governance Institute Team will contact you to process your registration within 48 hours.
This event is available both face-to-face and online (virtual classroom).
The aim of this course is to introduce the role and responsibilities of not-for-profit boards or management committees.
This practical activity provides sound knowledge of officer and director duties as well as the skills required to participate effectively in an NFP board or management committee. You will learn about the issues that affect officers and directors, gain detailed knowledge of the roles and activities of a board of directors or management committee, an understanding of the challenges faced in achieving good governance practice in the not-for-profit sector and strategies for implementing governance within your organisation. Supported by a suite of resources, this activity is recommended for all professionals looking to consolidate their corporate governance knowledge in the not-for-profit sector, and is particularly designed to strengthen the capabilities of those who interact with boards.
Upon satisfactory completion of this activity you will be able to:
- Define the responsibilities and key function of the board or management committee and recognise the different structures and composition of not-for-profit boards.
- Identify legislative duties which apply to officers and directors of not-for-profit organisations.
- Explain the statutory duties of not-for-profit organisations in relation to membership, meetings and minutes.
- Locate and apply useful resources in the not-for-profit sector.
Understand the key legal and fiduciary responsibilities of an officer or director in the not-for-profit sector. Awareness of the range of issues and challenges that not-for-profit board members face in performing their roles and the activities a board or management committee undertakes. Gain an insight into the statutory duties of not-for-profit organisations in relation to membership, meetings and minutes, and of ethical decision making.
This activity is presented by Governance Institute.
Topic: Ethics & Integrity
Proficiency Level: Foundation, Intermediate
CPD: Upto 3.5 hours | <urn:uuid:5954d471-e07a-4167-a320-9f7fd118b6f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.charteredaccountantsanz.com/Not-for-Profit-Officers-Directors-and-the-Board?quantity=1&custcol_lll_eventdate_opt=6&custcol_lll_eventyear_opt=7&Location=Adelaide&custcol_lll_eventmonth_opt=9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.922345 | 503 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The Simple Laws of Physics: In a near static condition where the movement of solution is minimal, gravity will separate, from solution, oil (which floats) and sludge (which sinks). Over time, as turbulence (velocity) is reduced, separation increases. The efficiency of separation is inversely proportional to its turbulence. Gravitational separation is best achieved when the solution is in a static state, with no movement at all. According to Better Engineering, "Particles are 'slammed' to the bottom ... and ... filtered water 'cascades' back into the main tank."
In other words, Better Engineering claims that "THE PURIFIER" causes gravity oil-sludge separation through turbulence.
Applying the Laws of Physics: We rely on the following data that are published by the American Petroleum Institute (API): | <urn:uuid:e4bdb14a-294f-497b-8320-8ab74c360d32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.martwash.com/html/comparisons/be_purifier_comparison.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.926299 | 173 | 3.1875 | 3 |
The article also said that Koreans on Ulleungdo had gotten together more than a decade earlier to search for the island, but could not find it.
This article is more evidence that Usando was not Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima) since Koreans on Ulleungdo would have known of Liancourt Rocks by 1913, yet they did not believe them to be the island of Usando. In fact, they believed that Usando was an uninhabited island northeast of Ulleungdo that was big enough to support a community of settlers. Liancourt Rocks, however, is ninety-two kilometers southeast of Ulleungdo and does not have the water or soil to support settlers.
Old Korean documents and maps indicate that Usando was the old name for Ulleungdo's neighboring island of Jukdo (竹島), which is about 2.2 kilometers off Ulleungdo's northeast shore. Apparently, the residents of Ulleungdo in the early 1900s had forgotten the old name.
Here is what I was able to read from the article. If anyone finds any mistakes or can fill in some of the blanks, please let me know.
無人嶋探險中止HERE is a link to a Japanese blog that talks about the article.
慶南鬱島郡 西面 金元俊은 鬱島로부터 東北方 約 4, 50里를 距하야 位置를 定한 干山嶋라하는 無人嶋가 有하다 한 즉 此를 發見하면 團體로 移住할 計劃인던 贊成者를 募集하고 其費用이 每人에 대하야 金 四 圓式 醵金하야 約 百圓으로 帆船을 雇入한 後 三名의 乗組를 探索하기로 出發할 事를 決定하야 贊成者가 三十名에 達하였더니 右 干山島는 其實在의 傳說이 有하나 曾히 十數年前 同地內 鮮人의 聯合으로 射船을 雇入하야 探索하였으나 發見치 못할 뿐 안니라 近年에 海航路가 頻繁하여도 아즉 此를 現認하였다는 事가 無하고 又 海圖에도 現한 者 無한 즉 假令 存在하다 할지라도 此를 發見함은 容易한 事가 아니오 反히 無益한 費用을 消費함에 不過하겠다고 中止하였다더라.
Search for Uninhabited Island Abandoned
Kim Won-jun, of Seo Myeon in Gyeongnam's Uldo County [Ulleungdo], had said that an uninhabited island called "Gansando" (干山島) was located about forty to fifty ri northeast of Uldo and that if he discovered it, he planned to gather together a group of like-minded people and move to the island. He had decided to collect four won from each person to hire a boat for about 100 won. Then they would find three crewmen and depart. He had already gathered together thirty like-minded people.
He said that there is a legend that Gansando (干山島) really does exist, but already more than a decade ago, Koreans on Ulleungdo, who had joined together to hire a boat to search for the island, could not find it. Not only that, despite numerous voyages in recent years, the island has still not been found, and it does not appear on any navigational charts. He said that even if the island exists, it would not be easy to find, and a search for it would been nothing but a fruitless, waste of money, so he has abandoned it. | <urn:uuid:851f2347-e545-47ac-aef9-4f5f2c99f8de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dokdo-or-takeshima.blogspot.com/2008/04/location-of-usando-unknown-in-early.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959212 | 1,258 | 2.484375 | 2 |
“Being involved in community life creates opportunities for new experiences and interests, the potential to develop friendships, and the ability to make a contribution to the community. An interdependent life, where people with and without disabilities are connected, enriches all of our lives.”
Community Support (CS) is expected to result in the participant developing and sustaining a range of valued social roles and relationships such as:
· building resources and experiences in the family and community;
· increasing independence;
· increasing potential for employment;
· experiencing meaningful community participation and inclusion.
CS includes activities that will support the individual in:
· Learning to navigate the community
· Developing social networks and relationships
· Participating in community activities
· Participating in adult learning opportunities
· Participating in volunteer opportunities
· Developing skills necessary to pursue competitive integrated employment.
The Adult Autism Waiver is a program designed to assist adults age 21 and older with autism disorders. The Waiver through the PA Dept. of Health and Human Services and the Bureau of Autism Services assists those who qualify with participating in their community in the way that they want to, based on identified needs. RTFCIL provides the following waiver services:
Behavior Specialist Services
Systematic Skill Building | <urn:uuid:6364144f-1c1c-4f8f-9455-4c7d9374a6ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cilncp.org/communityinclusion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.926253 | 276 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Textbook of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Vol. 2) Hand and Upper Extremity
Textbook of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery is a comprehensive and illustrated work for students, teachers, and practicing surgeons. It is a six-volume set with the topics of the volumes based on the clinical needs of plastic surgeons in developing countries. Along with latest developments, these volumes incorporate landmark contributions, innovations, and techniques used by Indian clinicians who regularly deal with unique and complicated conditions. While a majority of authors have been chosen from the Indian subcontinent, a few international authors whose work is considered indispensable for understanding the subject have also been included.
The six volumes seek to incorporate in one work issues relevant to the developing world as well as insights from national and international plastic surgery practices which highlight newer management techniques along with traditional methods. This makes these volumes a "must-have" resource for students and practitioners of plastic surgery across the globe.
This current volume, Hand and Upper Extremity, offers a detailed explanation of various reconstruction procedures of the hand and upper extremity. It is divided into two sections. The first section describes the basics of hand surgery, imaging, congenital hand differences, degenerative conditions, and tumors of the hand. Interesting topics, such as arthroscopy and Dupuytren's contracture find a special mention in this section and are discussed in detail. The management of the trauma of hand and the upper extremity has been discussed in the second section. Thus, the chapters cover myriads of topics ranging from common fingertip injuries to complex microsurgical reconstructions and their rehabilitation, making the volume a must read for every plastic surgeon managing patients with hand and upper extremity problems, as well as for students and faculty members.
- Comprehensive source of information on the basic principles of diagnosis and management techniques for majority of hand conditions.
- Balanced and prospective approach to the current clinical practices followed by plastic surgeons both in the developing and developed nations.
- Includes various chapters explaining the scientific fundamentals applicable to hand surgery, imaging techniques, and rehabilitation. | <urn:uuid:fa995b08-b028-4a24-8293-bc219b39d0de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.callisto.ro/carte/textbook-of-plastic-reconstructive-and-aesthetic-surgery-vol-2-hand-and-upper-extremity--i12201 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.932827 | 437 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC), also known as Radio Pakistan, is a public radio broadcasting network. PBC is a state-owned mega corporation of mass-media in Pakistan. Recently PBC announced Radio Pakistan B17 schedule for winter broadcasting of 2017-2018.
PBC provides a wide range of radio and news services. News is broadcast in TV, internet, and radio, outside Pakistan in 10 different languages. PBC’s programmers served as mission purpose to entertain people through cultural music, features, and plays. PBC programmers educate peoples on socioeconomic issues covering “health‚ education‚ environment‚ population welfare‚ agriculture‚ special persons‚ rights of women‚ human rights‚ minorities and media freedom”.
Radio Pakistan B17 schedule
The following Radio Pakistan B17 schedule will effects from 29 October 29017 to 24 March 2018.
|Target Area||UTC Time||Frequency (kHz)||Language|
|Far East||1200 – 1300||11530, 9670||Chinese|
|South East Asia||0045 – 0215||13630, 15730||Urdu|
|South Asia||0900 – 1000||11865, 9540||Bangla|
|1000 – 1030||11865, 9540||Nepali|
|1230 – 1300||11805, 9795||Sinhali|
|1300 – 1330||11805, 9795||Tamil|
|1045 – 1145||11750, 9900||Hindi|
|1145 – 1215||7460, 9900||Gujrati|
|0445 – 0530||7470||Balti|
|0530 – 0615||7470||Sheena|
|Middle East, Iran, Turkey & North/West Africa||1700 – 1800||7475, 5890||Farsi|
|0500 – 0700||17820, 17770||Urdu|
|1330 – 1530||13740, 11550||Urdu|
|West Europe||0830 – 1104||15630, 17895||Urdu|
|1700 – 1900||9745, 7540||Urdu|
|Afghanistan & CAIS||1345 -1445||5835||Pushto|
You may contact for more information of PBC or send your reception reports to the following address of Radio Pakistan.
Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation Headquarters
G-5‚ Constitutional Avenue
Website: PBC, Pakistan
For More Winter Schedule of 2017 Visit : B17
Social tagging: B17 > Bengali Scked > Frequency Guide > Pakistan > scked | <urn:uuid:c783a5b7-dcbd-4b79-8b66-46031e1fa164> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://eqbal.info/radio-pakistan-b17-schedule/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.733686 | 592 | 1.914063 | 2 |
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Houston tutor can help your child with the basics of mathematics
While a Houston tutor can help your child with the basics of mathematics and science, a private Houston tutor can also help with testing preparation. The private tutor will use an assessment to determine how well your student is learning, and will help you set up a study schedule that suits your needs. This can help your child avoid falling behind in class. While a private Houston tutor can help you navigate the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness exam, he or she can also teach you about test-taking strategies.
Tutor can help you study for standardized tests. STAAR subjects include math, science, social studies, and reading. These exams are a common part of high school, but they can also be difficult. An experienced Houston tutor can help you master these tests and provide new techniques to help you achieve your academic goals. With the help of a private Houston tutor, you can also maximize the use of your time, which means you can work on your goals and not worry about the grade of the test.
A Houston tutor can help your child study for the TAKS exam. This exam is a challenging test that tests students’ understanding of concepts and vocabulary. A private tutor can help you improve your grades by analyzing your test taking habits and focusing on the individual needs of the student. A private tutor will be able to give you personalized attention and help you study more effectively. The right Houston tutor will be the key to your academic success. | <urn:uuid:bcc0773e-4895-4fe7-82d2-1e1596054dd2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scbwi-houston.org/houston-tutors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943127 | 1,073 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Examples of prohibited investments are Collectibles and Life Insurance Products.
Also, you can not have any “self dealings” which are prohibited IRA transactions.>
In general, Internal Revenue Code Section 4975 defines a prohibited transaction as a transaction between a plan (your account) and a disqualified person.
Generally, “disqualified persons” are defined to be the account holder, other fiduciaries, certain family members (lineal descendents and spouses of lineal descendents), and businesses under the account holder’s (or disqualified person’s) control.
Prohibited IRA transactions are:
1. A sale or exchange, or leasing of property between a plan and a related party.
2. Lending of money between a plan and a related party.
3. Furnishing goods, services or facilities between a plan and a related party.
4. Transfer to, or use by, a related party of the income or assets of a plan.
5. Act by a related party whereby he deals with the income or assets of a plan in his own interest or for his own account.
6. Receipt of any benefit for his own personal account by any related party in connection with a transaction involving the income or assets of the plan.
A disqualified person is you, your children, grandchildren, spouse, or parents. It is also any business owned 50% or more by any of the above. According to the IRS, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins and step relations are not included in the definition of disqualified persons.
If you engage in a prohibited transaction the IRS will consider your IRA fully distributed. However there are hundreds of exceptions granted each year to the prohibited transaction rules. The Department of Labor has been given the power to grant these exceptions.
One of the most important exceptions is 96-62 which says that you only have to demonstrate that your requested transaction is substantially similar to two or more individual exemptions granted within the previous five years. This is called a “class exemption”.
For further information please see U.S Department of Labor Class Exemptions
Essentially if your transaction is an arms length transaction that is a legitimate investment you can probably find similar exemptions that have been approved.
To protect yourself you need a properly constructed Operating Agreement for your Self Directed IRA LLC.
Also See FAQ | <urn:uuid:034b9d8c-b75d-44e0-9c22-1aef69adc0dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://floridaselfdirectedira.com/prohibited-transactions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942755 | 488 | 1.625 | 2 |
Note on the e-text: this Renascence Editions text was provided by Ben R. Schneider, Lawrence University, Wisconsin. It is in the public domain. "Florio's Translation of Montaigne's Essays was first published in 1603. In 'The World's Classics' the first volume was published in 1904, and reprinted in 1910 and 1924. " Content unique to this presentation is copyright © 1998 The University of Oregon. For nonprofit and educational uses only.
I HAVE in my youth oftentimes beene vexed to see a Pedant brought in, in most of Italian comedies, for a vice or sport-maker, and the nicke- name of Magister to be of no better signification amongst us. For, my selfe being committed to their tuition, how could I chuse but he somewhat jealous of their reputation? In deed I sought to excuse them by reason of the naturall disproportion that is betweene the vulgar sort, and rare and excellent men, both in judgment and knowledge: forsomuch as they take a cleane contrarie course one from another. But when I considered the choysest men were they that most contemned them, I was far to seeke, and as it were lost my selfe: witnesse our good Bellay:Mais je hay par sur tout un scavoir pedantesque.A pedant knowledge, IYet is this custome very ancient; for Plutarke saith, that Greeke and Scholer were amongst the Romans words of reproach and reputation. And coming afterwards to yeares of more discretion, I have found they had great reason, and that magis magnos clericos, non sunt magis magnas sapientes: 'The most great Clerkes are not the most wisest men.But whence it may proceed, that a minde rich in knowledge, and of so many things, becommeth thereby never livelier nor more quickesighted; and a grose-headed and vulgar spirit may without amendment containe the discourse and judgement of the most excellent wits the world ever produced, I still remaine doubtfull. To receive so many, so strange, yea and so great wits, it must needs follow (said once a Lady unto me, yea one of our chiefest Princesses, speaking of some body) that a man's owne wit, force, droops, and as it were diminishes it selfe, to make roome for others. I might say, that as plants are choked by over-much moisture, and lampe dammed with too much oyle, so are the actions of the mind over-whelmed by over-abundance of matter and studie: which occupied and intangled with so great a diversitie of things, loseth the meane to spread and cleare it selfe and that surcharge keepeth it low-drooping, and faint. But it is otherwise, for our mind stretch the more by how much more it is replenished. And in examples of former times, the contrary is seene, of sufficient men in the managin g of publike affaires, of great Captaines, and notable Counsellers in matters of estate, to have been therewithall excellently wise. And concerning Philosophers, retired from all publike negotiations, they have indeed sometimes been vilified by the comike libertie of their times, their opinions and demeanors yeelding them ridiculous. Will you make them Judges of the right of a processe, or of the actions of a man? They are readie for it. They enquire whether there be any life yet remaining, wheth er any motion. Whether man be any thing but an Oxe, what working or suffering is; what strange beasts law and justice are. Speake they of the Magistrate, or speake they unto him; they do it with an unreverent and uncivill libertie. Heare they a Prince or a King commended? Hee is but a shepherd to them, as idle as a Swaine busied about milking of his cattell, or shearing of his sheepe: but more rudely. Esteeme you any man for possessing two hundred acres of land? They scoffe at him, as men accustomed to embrace all the world as their possession. Do you boast of your Nobilitie, because you can blazon your descent of seven or eight rich Grandafthers? They will but little regard you, as men that conceive not the universall image of nature, and how many predecessors every one of us hath had, both rich and poore, Kings and groomes, Greekes and Barbarians. And were you lineally descended in the fiftieth degree from Hercules, they deeme it a vanitie to vaunt or allege this gift of fortune. So did the vulgar sort disdaine them as ignorant of the first and common things, and as presumptuous and insolent. But this Platonicall lustre is far from that which our men stand in need of. They were envied as being beyond the common sort, as despising publike actions, as having proposed unto themselves a particular and inimitable life, aiming and directed at certam high discourses, and from the common use; these are disdained as men beyond the ordinary fashion, as incapable of publike charges, as leading an unsociable life, and professing base and abject customes, after the vulgar kind. Odi homines ignavos opere, Philosophos sententia: (Pacuvius, Lips. i. 10) I hate men that are fooles in working, and Philosophers in speaking. As for those Philosophers, I say, that as they were great in knowledge, so were they greater in all action. And even as they report of that Syracusan Geometrician, who being taken from his bookish contemplation to shew some practice of his sk ill, for the defence of his countrie reared sodainly certaine terror-moving engines, and shewed effects farre exceeding all mens conceit, himselfe notwithstanding disdaining all this his handieworke, supposing he had thereby corrupted the dignitie of his art; his engines and manuall works being but the apprentiships, and trials of his skill in sport: So they, if at any time they have been put to the triall of any action, they have been seen to flie so high a pitch, and with so lofty a flight, that men might apparently see their minds and spirits were through the intelligence of things become wonderfully rich and great. But some perceiving the seat of politike government possessed by unworthy and incapable men, have withdrawne themselves from it. And hee who demanded of Crates, how long men should Philosophize, received this answer, Untill such time as they who have the conduct of our Armies be no longer blockish asses. Heraclitus resigned the royaltie unto his brother. And to the Ephesians, who reproved him for spending his time in playing with children before the temple: he answered And is it not better to doe so, than to governe the publike affaires in your companie? Others having their imagination placed yond fortune and the world, found the seat of justice, and the thrones of Kings, to be but base and vile. And Empedocles refused the royaltie which the Agrigentines offered him. Thales sometimes accusing the carke and care men tooke about good busbandry, and how to grow rich; some replied unto him, that he did as the Fox, because he could not attaine unto it himselfe; which hearing, by way of sport he would needs shew by experience how he could at his pleasure become both thriftie and rich; and bending his wits to gaine and profit, erected a traffike, which within one yeare brought him such riches as the skilfullest in trade of thriving could hardly in all their life devise how to get the like. That which Aristotle reporteth of some who called both him and Anaxagoras, and such like men, wise and not prudent, because they cared not for things more profitable: besides, I doe not verie well digest this nice difference of words that serveth my find-fault people for no excuse: and to see the base and needie fortune wherewith they are content, we might rather have just cause to pronounce them neither wise nor prudent. I quit this first reason, and thinke it better to say, that this evill proceedeth from the bad course they take to follow sciences; and that respecting the manner we are instructed in them, it is no wonder if neither Schollers nor Masters, howbeit they may prove more learned become no whit more sufficient. Verily the daily care and continuall charges of our fathers aymeth at nothing so much as to store our heads with knowledge and-learning; as for judgement and virtue, that is never spoken of. If a man passe by, crie out to our people: Oh what a wise man goeth yonder! And of another: Oh what a good man is yonder! he will not faile to cast his eyes and respect toward the former. A third crier were needfull, to say, Oh what blocke-heads are those! We are ever readie to aske, Hath he any skill in the Greeke and Latine tongue? can he write well? doth hee write in prose or verse? But whether hee be growne better or wiser, which should be the chiefest of his drift, that is never spoken of. We should rather enquire who is better wise than who is more wise. We labour, and toyle, and plod to fill the memorie, and leave both understanding and conscience emptie. Even as birds flutter and skip from field to field to pecke up corne, or any graine, and without tasting the same, carrie it in their bils, therewith to feed their little ones; so doe our pedants gleane and picke learning from bookes, and never lodge it further than their lips, only to degorge and cast it to the wind. It is strange how fitly sottishnesse takes bold of mine example. Is not that which I doe in the greatest part of this composition, all one and selfe same thing? I am ever heere and there picking and culling, from this and that booke, the sentences that please me, not to keepe them (for I have no store-house to reserve them in) but to transport them into this: where, to say truth, they are no more mine than in their first place: we are (in mine opinion) never wise, but by present learning, not by that which is past, and as little by that which is to come. But which is worse, their Schollers and their little ones are never a whit the more fed or better nourished: but passeth from hand to hand, to this end only, thereby to make a glorious shew, therewith to entertaine others, and with its help to frame some quaint stories, or prettie tales, as of a light and counterfeit coyne unprofitable for any use or imployment, but to reckon and cast accompts. Apud alios loqui didicerunt, non ipsi secum. Non est loq uendum, sed gubernandum: (SEN. Epist. cviii.) They have learned to speake with others, not with themselves: speaking is not so requisite as government. Nature, to shew that nothing is savage in whatsoever she produceth, causeth oftentimes, even in rudest and most unarted nations, productions of spirits to arise, that confront and wrestle with the most artist productions. As concerning my discourse, is not the Gaskonie proverbe, drawne from a bagpipe, prettie and quaint? Bouha prou houha, mas a remuda lous dits qu'em: You may blow long enough, but if once you stirre your fingers, you may go seeke Wee can talke and prate, Cicero saith thus, These are Platoes customes, These are the verie words of Aristotle; but what say we our selves? what doe we? what judge we? A Peroquet would say as much. This fashion puts me in mind of that rich Romane, who to his exceeding great charge had beene verie industrious to finde out the most sufficient men in all sciences, which he continually kept about him, that if at any time occasion should bee moved amongst his friends to speake of any matter pertaining to Schollership, they might supplie his place, and be readie to assist him: some with discourse, some with a verse of Homer, othersome with a sentence, each one according to his skill or profession; who perswaded himselfe that all such learning was his owne, because it was contained in his servants minds. As they doe whose sufficiencie is placed in their sumptuous libraries. I know some, whom if I aske what he knoweth, hee will require a booke to demonstrate the same, and durst not dare to tell me that his posteriors are scabious, except he turne over his Lexicon to see what posteriors and scabious is. Wee take the opinions and knowledge of others into our protection, and that is all; I tell you they must be enfeoffed in us, and made our owne. Wee may verie well be compared unto him, who having need of fire, should goe fetch some at his neighbours chimney, where finding a good fire, should there stay to warme himselfe, forgetting to carrie some home. What availes it us to have our bellies full of meat, if it be not digested? If it bee not transchanged in us? except it nourish, augment, and strengthen us. We may imagine that Lucullus, whom learning made and framed so great a captaine without experience, would have taken it after our manner? We relie so much upon other mens armes, that we disanull our owne strength. Will I arme my selfe against the fear of death? it is at Seneca's cost: will I draw comfort either for my selfe, or any other? I borrow the same of Cicero. I would have taken it in my selfe, had I been exercised unto it: I love not this relative and begd-for sufficiencie. Suppose we may be learned by other mens learning. Sure I am we can never be wise but by our owne wisdome.
Detest out of all cry.Μισω σοφιστην, οστις ουχ αυτω σοφος. --Proverb. Iamb.Ex quo Ennius: Nequidquam sapere sapientem, qui ipso ibi prodesse non quiret.Whereupon saith Ennius: That wise man is vainly wise, who could not profit himselfe.
That wise man I cannot abide,
That for himselfe cannot provide.----- si cupidus, siNon enim paranda nobis solum, sed fruenda sapientia est: (Cic. Finib. i.p.). For wee must not only purchase wisdome, but enjoy and employ the same. Dionysius scoffeth at those Gramarians, who ploddingly labour to know the miseries of Ulysses, and are ignorant of their owne; mocketh those musitians that so attentively tune their instruments, and never accord their manners; derideth those orators that study to speake of justice, and never put it in execution. Except our mind be the better, unless our judgement be the sounder, I had rather my scholler had imployed his time in playing at tennis; I am sure his bodie would be the nimbler. See but one of these our universitie men or bookish schollers returne from schole, after he hath there spent ten or twelve years under a pedants charge: who is so inapt for any matter? who so unfit for any companie? who so to seeke if he come into the world? all the advantage you discover in him is that his Latine and Greeke have made him more sottish, more stupid, and more presumptuous, than before he went from home. Whereas he should return with a mind full-fraught, he returnes with a wind-puft conceit: instead of plum-feeding the same, he has only spunged it up with vanitie. These masters, as Plato speaketh of sophisters (their cosin Germanes) of all men, are those that promise to be most profitable unto men, and alone, amongst all, that not only amend not what is committed to their charge as doth a carpenter or a mason, but empaire and destroy the same, and yet they must full dearely be paied. If the law which Protagoras proposed to his disciples, were followed, which was, that either they should a pay him according to his word, or sweare in the temple how much they esteemed the profit they had received by his discipline, and accordingly satisfy him for his paines, my pedagogues would be aground, especially if they would stand to the oath of my experience. My vulgar Perigordian-speech, doth verie pleasantly terme such selfe-conceited wizards, letter ferits, as if they would say letter-strucked men, to whom (as the common saying is) letters have given a blow with a mallet. Verily for the most part they seeme to be distracted even from common sense. Note but the plaine husbandman, or the unwilie shoemaker, and you see them simply and naturally plod on their course, speaking only of what they know, and no further; whereas these letter-puft pedants, because they would faine raise themselves aloft, and with their litterall doctrine which floteth up and downe the superficies of their braine, arme themselves beyond other men, they uncessantly intricate and entangle themselves: they utter loftie words, and speake golden sentences, but so that another man doth place, fit, and applie them. They are acquainted with Galen, but know not the disease. They will stuffe your head with lawes, when God wot they have not yet conceived the ground of the case. They knowe the theorike of all things, but you must seeke who shall put it in practice. I have seene a friend of mine, in mine owne house, who by way of sport talking with one of these pedanticall gulls, counterfeited a kind of fustian tongue, and spake a certaine gibrish, without rime or reason, sans head or foot, a hotch-potch of divers things, but that he did often enterlace it with inke-pot termes, incident to their disputations, to ammuse the bookish sot for a whole day long with debating and contending; ever thinking he answered the objections made unto him; yet was he a man of letters and reputation, a graduate, and wore a goodly formall long gowne.
Vanus, et Euganea quantumvis vilior agna. Juven. Sat. viii. 14.
If covetous, if vaine (not wise)
Than any lambe more base, more nice.Vos o patritius sanguis quos vivere par estWhosoever shall narrowly looke into this kind of people, which far and wide hath spred it selfe, he shall find (as I have done) that for the most part they neither understand themselves nor others, and that their memorie is many times sufficiently full fraught, but their judgment ever hollow and emptie: except their natural inclination have of it selfe otherwise fashioned them. As I have seene Adrianus Turnebus who having never professed any thing but studie and letters, wherein he was, in mine opinion, the worthiest man that lived these thousand yeares, and who notwithstanding had no pedanticall thing about him but the wearing of his gowne, and some externall fashions that could not well be reduced, and incivilized to the courtiers cut; things of no consequence. And I naturally hate our people, that will more hardly endure a long robe uncuriously worne, than a crosse skittish mind: and that observe what leg, or reverence he makes, note his garbe or demeanor, view his boots or his hat, and marke what manner of man he is. For his inward parts, I deeme him to have been one of the most unspotted and truly honest minds that ever was. I have sundry times of purpose urged him to speak of matters furthest from his study, wherein he was so cleare-sighted, and could with so quicke an apprehension conceive, and with so sound a judgment distjnguish them, that he seemed never to have professed or studied other facultie than warre and matters of state. Such spirits, such natures may be termed worthy, goodly, and solid.
Ooccipiti cæco, posticæ occurrite sannæ Pers. Sat. 1. 61.
You noble blouds, who with a noddle blind
Should live, meet with the mocke that's made behind.----- queis arte benignaThat maintaine themselves against any bad institution. Now it sufficeth not that our institution marre us not, it must change us to the better. There are some of our parliaments and courts, who when they are to admit of any officers , doe only examine them of their learning; others, that by presenting them the judgment of some law cases, endevour to sound their understanding. Me thinks the latter keep the better style: And albeit these two parts are necessarie, and both ought to concur in one, yet truly should that of learning be lesse prized than judgement, this may well be without the other, and not the other without this. For as the Greeke verse saith.
Et meliore luto finxit præcordia Titan. Juven. Sat. xiv. 34.
Whose bowels heavens-bright-Sunne composed
Of better mold, art wel disposed.Ως ουδεν η μαθησις, ην μη νους παρη. Gnom. Græc. χ. et φ. ult.Whereto serveth learning, if understanding be not joined to it? Oh would to God, that for the good of our justice, the societies of lawyers were as well stored with judgement, discretion and conscience, as they are with learning and wit. Non vitæ, sed scholæ discimus: (SEN. Epist. cvi. f.) We learne not for our life, but for the schoole. It is not enough to joyne learning and knowledge to the minde, it should be incorporated into it: it must not be inckled, but dyed with it; and if it change not and better her estate (which is imperfect) it were much better to leave it. It is a dangerous sword, and which hindreth and offendeth her master, if it be in a weake hand, and which hath not the skill to manage the same: Vt fuerit melius non didicisse: So as it were better that we had not learned. It is peradventure the cause that neither we nor divinitie require much learning in women; and that Francis Duke of Britannie, sonne to John the fifth, when be was spoken unto for a marriage betweene him and Isabel a daughter of Scotland; and some told him she was but meanly brought up and without any instruction of learning, answered, hee loved her the better for it, and that a woman was wise enough if she could but make a difference betweene the shirt and dublet of her husbands. It is also no such wonder (as some say) that our auncesters did never make any great accompt of letters, and that even at this day (except it be by chaunce) they are not often found in our kings and princes chiefest councels and consultations: And if the end to grow rich by them which now adaies is altogether proposed unto us by the studie of law, of Phisicke, of Pedantisme, and of Divinitie, did not keep them in credit, without doubt you should see them as beggarly and needy, and as much vilified as ever they were. And what hurt I pray you since they neither teach us to think well nor-doe well? Postquam docti prodierunt, boni desunt.(Sen. Epist. xcv.) Since men became learned, good men failed Each other science is prejudiciall unto him that hath not the science of goodnesse. But may not the reason I whilom sought for, also proceed thence? That our studie in France, having as it were no other aime but profit, but those lesse whom nature hath produced to more generous offices, than lucrative, giving themselves unto learning, or so briefly (before they have apprehended any liking of them, retired unto a profession that hath no communitie with bookes) there are then none left, altogether to engage themselves to studie and Bookes, but the meaner kind of people, and such as are borne to base fortune, and who by learning and letters seek some meane to live and enrich themselves.The minds of which people being both by naturall inclination, by example, and familiar institution, of the basest stampe doe falsly reap the fruit of learning. For it is not in her power to give light unto the mind, that hath none, nor to make a blind man to see. The mysterie of it is not to affoord him sight, but to direct it for him, to addresse his goings, alwaies provided he have feet of his owne, and good, strait, and capable legs. Knowledge is an excellent drug, but no drug is sufficiently strong to preserve it selfe without alteration or corruption, according to the fault of the vessell that contained it. Some man hath a cleare sight, that is not right-sighted, and by consequence seeth what good is, and doth not follow it; and seeketh knowledge, but makes no use of it. The chiefest ordinance of Plato in his Commonwealth is to give unto his Citizens their charge according to their nature. Nature can doe all, and doth all. The crookt backt, or deformed, are unfit for any exercise of the bodie, and crooked and mis-shapen minds unproper for exercises of the minde. The bastard and vulgar sort are unworthy of Philosophie. When we see a man ill shod, if he chance to be a Shoomaker, wee say it is no wonder, for commonly none goes worse shod than they. Even so it seemes that experience doth often shew us, a Physitian lesse healthy, a Divine lesse reformed, and most commonly a Wiseman lesse sufficient than another. Aristo Chius had heretofore reason to say that Philosophers did much hurt their auditors, forasmuch as the greatest number of minds are not apt to profit by such instructions which, if they take not a good, they will follow a bad course: ασωτους ex Aristippi, acerbos ex Zenonis Schola exire (Cic. Deor. iii.). They proceed licentious out of the Schoole of Aristippus, but bitter out of the Schoole of Zeno. In that excellent institution which Zenophon giveth the Persians, wee find, that as other nations teach their children Letters, so they taught theirs vertue. Plato said the eldest borne sonne, in their royall succession, was thus taught. "As soone as he was borne, he was delivered, not to women, but to such Eunuchs as by reason of their vertue were in chiefest authoritie about the King. Their speciall charge was first to shapen his limmes and bodie, goodly and healthy; and at seven yeares of age they instructed and inured him to sit on horsebacke, and to ride a hunting: when he came to the age of fourteene, they delivered him into the ha nds of foure men, that is to say, the wisest, the justest, the most temperate and the most valiant of all the nation. The first taught him religion; the second, to be ever upright and true; the third, to become Master of his owne desires; and fourth, to feare nothing." It is a thing worthy great consideration, that in that excellent, and as I may terme it, matchlesse policie of Lycurgus, and in truth, by reason of her perfection, monstrous, yet notwithstanding, so carefull for the education of children, as of her principall charge, and even in the Muses bosome and resting-place, there is so little mention made of learning: as if that generous youth disdaining all other yokes but of vertue, ought only to be furnished, in liew of tutors of learning, with masters of valour, of justice, of wisdome, and of temperance. An example which Plato hath imitated in his Lawes. The manner of their discipline was, to propound questions unto them, teaching the judgement of men and of their actions: and if by way of reason or discourse they condemned or praised either this man or that deed, they must be told the truth and best: by which meanes at once they sharpened their wits, and learned the right. Astiages in Zenophon calleth Cyrus to an accompt of his last lesson. It is (saith he) that a great lad in our Schools, having a little coat, gave it to one of his fellowes, that was of lesser stature than himselfe, and tooke his coat from him, which was too big for him: our Master having made me judge of that difference, I judged that things must be left in the state they were in, and that both seemed to be better fitted as they were; whereupon he showed me I had done ill; because I had only considered the comelinesse where I should chiefly have respected justice, which required that none should be forced in any thing which properly belonged to him, and said he was whipt for it, as we are in our countrie-townes, when we have forgotten the first preterperfect tense or Aoriste of greekzzz. My Regent might long enough make me a prolixe and cunning Oration in genere demonstrativo, in the oratorie kind of praise or dispraise, before ever hee should perswade me his Schoole is worth that. They have gone about to make the way shorter: and since Sciences (even when they are right taken) can teach us nothing but wisdome, honestie, integritie, and resolution; they have at first sight attempted to put their children to the proper of effects, and instruct them, not by heare-say, but by assay of action, lively modelling and framing them not only by precepts and words, but principally by examples and works, that it might not be a Science in their mind, but rather his complexion and habitude; not to purchase, but a naturall inheritance.
Learning nought worth doth lie,
Be not discretion by.
To this purpose, when Agesilaus was demanded what his opinion was, children should learne: he answered, What they should doe being men. It is no marvell, if such an institution have produced so admirable effects. Some say, that in other Cities of Greece they went to seeke for Rhetoricians, for Painters, and for Musicians; whereas in Lacedemon, they sought for Law-givers, for Magistrates, and Generals of armies: In Athens men learn'd to say well, but here, to doe well: there to resolve a sophisticall argument, and to confound the imposture and amphibologie of words, captiously enterlaced together; here to shake off the allurements of voluptuousnesse, and with an undaunted courage to contemne the threats of fortune, and reject the menaces of death: those busied and laboured themselves about idle words, these after martiall things: there the tongue was ever in continuall exercise of speaking, here the minde is an uncessant practice of well-doing. And therefore was it not Strange, if Antipater requiring fiftie of their children for hostages, they answered cleane contrarie to that we would doe, that they would rather deliver him twice so many men; so much did they value and esteeme the losse of their countries education. When Agesilaus inviteth Xenophon to send his children to Sparta, there to be brought up; it is not because they should learne Rhetorike or Logike, but, as himselfe saith, to the end they may learne the worthiest and best science that may bee, to wit the knowledge how to obey and the skill how to commmand. It is a sport to see Socrates, after his blunt manner, to mocke Hippias, who reporteth unto him what great summes of money he had gained, especially in certain little Cities and small townes of Sicily, by keeping schoole, and teaching letters, and that at Sparta he could not get a shilling. That they were but idiots and foolish people, who can neither measure nor esteeme nor make no accompt of Grammer, or of Rythmes and who only ammuse themselves to know the succession of Kings, the establishing and declination of estates, and such like trash of flim-flam tales. Which done, Socrates forcing him particularly to allow the excellencie of their forme of publike government, the happinesse and vertue of their private life, remits unto him to guesse the conclusion of the unprofitablenesse of his arts.. Examples teach us both in this martiall policie, and in all such like, that the studie of sciences donth more weaken and effeminate mens minds than corroborate and adapt them to warre. The mightiest, yea the best setled estate, that is now in the world, is that of the Turkes, a nation equally instructed to the esteem e of armes, and disesteeme of letters. I find Rome to have beene most valiant when it was least learned. The most warlike nations of our daies are the rudest and most ignorant. The Scithians, the Parthians and Tamburlane, serve to verifie my saying. When the Gothes over-ran and ravaged Greece; that which saved all their Libraries from the fire was, that one among them scattered this opinion, that such trash of bookes and papers must be untoucht and whole for their enemies, as the only meane and proper instrument to divert them from all militarie exercises, and ammuse them to idle, secure, and sedentarie occupations. When our King Charles the eight, in a manner without unsheathing his sword, saw himselfe absolute Lord of the whole Kingdome of Naples, and of a great part of Thuscanie, the Princes and Lords of his traine ascribed this sodaine and unhoped for victorie, and facilitie of so noble and prodigious a conquest, only to this, that most of the Princes and nobilitie of Italie ammused themselves rather to become ingenious and wise by learning, than vigorous and warriers by militarie exercises. | <urn:uuid:5b2b01b1-e334-4292-bad1-c3b4deeddd39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.luminarium.org/renascence-editions/montaigne/1xxiv.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971605 | 7,734 | 2.40625 | 2 |
What is Reflexology and How Does It Work?
The ancient Chinese practice of reflexology is not new to the United States, but many people only know it as that “thing the therapists do with the feet.” Reflexology, sometimes called reflex therapy or zone therapy, divides the body into ten vertical zones, similar to the meridians in Chinese medicine, and the organs, valves, muscles, and so on that reside within each zone are connected through the central nervous system to pressure points on the feet, hands, or ears. There is a neurological relationship between the skin and the internal organs, and putting pressure on certain specific reflex points on the feet and sometimes the hands and ears sends a calming message throughout the central nervous system.
Reflexology relies on small and intense movements on various parts of the feet, hands, or ears—addressing the reflex points that correspond to the pain or tension felt in the body. The touch and pressure movements are specifically designed to trigger a relaxing sensory message from the body’s extremities to the organs or muscles connected by the central nervous system. The body then adjusts to the tension level to optimize the functioning of muscles and internal organs and their systems. Because of reflexology’s ability to increase blood supply, additional oxygen and nutrients can travel to cells and help remove waste. As a result, reflexology can benefit the circulatory, respiratory, endocrine, immune, and neuropeptide systems.
Stress can be a leading cause of tension and muscle stiffness, and reflexology aims to alleviate the physical stress by also addressing the mind and spirit to help reduce the emotional stress. Stress can also send pain signals to the brain, even if there is no other “cause” for the pain. The brain responds to a sensory experience of pain, but it also creates a pain response as a result of emotional factors. Therefore, calming the body can ease the tension of the mind, thereby reducing pain.
There is also the theory of the body’s qi (“chee”), or its flow of vital energy. Sometimes the qi can become congested, creating inefficiencies. Stress can be one of these disruptions or “blockages,” which is why reflexology, which is designed to stimulate the passageways between the skin and the various organs and muscles, can help remove the blockages and restore the body’s natural flow.
Reflexology is less about healing, and reflexologists aren’t “healers.” The purpose of reflexology is to help the body regain its balance so that it can naturally repair and nurture itself. The body is a complex network of interconnected parts, often interdependent, and whether you want to call it balance or harmony or health, reflexology can provide a relaxing, regenerative treatment for ongoing comfort and wellbeing.
At Massage Concepts, we focus on the restorative benefits of reflexology and its ability to relieve stress and tension. For any medical conditions, we recommend consulting with your regular licensed medical professional to address ongoing health issues. We are dedicated to helping clients improve health and achieve a more balanced lifestyle. For more information on our reflexology services, including our new “Four Hands Foot Massage,” or to make an appointment for reflexology or any of our full listing of services, visit us at massageconceptsdelmar.com.
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SWEET CAPORAL CIGARETTES STANDARD FOR YEARS Factory No 42 4th District NC THE WHITEHEAD & HOAG CO NEWARK, N.J. PATENTED JULY 21, 1896
Prussia, whose flag is pictured here, was fully incorporated into Germany under the Weimar Republic after territorial losses during World War I. After Adolf Hitler rose to power in 1933, Prussia’s legislature and constitution were abolished.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Canine Cancers
1. Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, USA
2. San Diego Supercomputer Center, UC San Diego, USA
3. Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, USA
4. REHS Program UC San Diego, USA
5. CureMatch, Inc., San Diego, USA
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editor: Tapan K Bera
Special Issue: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Received: January 30, 2019 | Accepted: March 17, 2019 | Published: April 01, 2019
OBM Genetics 2019, Volume 3, Issue 2 doi:10.21926/obm.genet.1902071
Recommended citation: Cao J, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Molecular Mechanisms of Canine Cancers. OBM Genetics 2019; 3(2): 071; doi:10.21926/obm.genet.1902071.
© 2019 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is correctly cited.
As the leading cause of death in dogs, cancer affects approximately one in three dogs . The incidence of cancer among dogs is similar to the incidence of cancer in humans: for reference, cancer affects approximately one in two men and one in three women . Indeed, nearly half of all dogs over the age of ten will develop cancer. Although many of the most common canine cancer types—lymphoma, mast cell tumors, osteosarcoma, mammary gland tumors, and melanoma—are similar to human cancers, they remain much less understood. In addition, canines are a promising model for human cancers, as they age faster than humans but share the same environments and have high levels of phenotypic diversity . Raposo and colleagues emphasized that canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (CIMC) can serve as a very good model of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) [4,5,6].
Lymphoma and mammary gland tumors are two of the most common canine neoplasms. Lymphoma accounts for approximately 7%–21% of all canine cancer cases, while mammary gland tumors represent at least half of all cancers in female dogs. In a study conducted on canine cancer frequency in Genoa, Italy, the incidence of mammary gland tumors was found to be 70% of female canine cancer cases . Because of the high rate of mammary gland tumors among female dogs, total cancer incidence was found to be three times higher in female than male dogs. Lymphoma was found in approximately equal incidence rates in male and female dogs. Skin neoplasms were the second most common types of cancers in male dogs . In particular, melanoma accounts for 9%–20% of skin neoplasms and 4%–7% of all cancers. Mast cell tumors are also a common skin neoplasm, accounting for around 7%–21% of subcutaneous tumors. Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor but is much more prevalent in dogs than it is in humans.
Many of these cancers are treated with a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. However, even with aggressive treatment, prognosis can remain grave. The expected survival time for dogs with B-cell lymphoma is 12 months, while the expected survival time for dogs with the more aggressive T-cell lymphoma is 6 months . Approximately 20% of dogs will survive more than two years [9,10,11]. The prognosis for osteosarcoma is similarly poor: Unless early and intense treatment is started upon detection, the average survival time is 3 months without treatment [12,13,14]. Canines with malignant melanoma have a median survival time ranging from three to 18 months, depending on the stage at diagnosis . Surgery can often stop benign mammary tumors and even malignant tumors, if these are in local clinical stage, but survival time depends heavily on the size and location of the tumor and the age of the dog. Lastly, for mast cell tumors, surgical removal and chemotherapy will effectively treat many tumors, with median survival 1359 days and medial disease-free interval 2120 days .
Systemic anticancer chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for canine lymphoma [9,10,12,17]. Many different drugs have been utilized either singly or in combination for the treatment of lymphomas in dogs. The most effective chemotherapy protocol is the CHOP protocol, which utilizes three cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine) in combination with prednisone . This protocol is often considered the “gold standard” for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs. Other treatment options include the COP chemotherapy protocol (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) or single-agent doxorubicin . The most effective protocol reported was sequential combination chemotherapy including lasparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin, in conjunction with decreasing doses of prednisone . Future directions for treatment with lymphoma include immunotherapy with vaccines. Bone marrow transplant or treatment is available at certain centers . In remission dogs are treated with a consolidation protocol that consisted of either additional chemotherapy drugs (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, and lomustine) or half-body radiation therapy .
The most effective management of canine appendicular osteosarcoma involves the incorporation of multimodal therapy to address the primary tumor and metastatic disease [14,18]. Palliative and curative-intent treatments are used for the bilateral synchronous appendicular bone tumors . Beside palliative radiation therapy stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) and a surgical limb-salvage performed followed by carboplatin chemotherapy is used [18,19].
Aggressive surgical removal of the mast cell tumor and surrounding tissue is generally the treatment of choice [20,21] might be highly effective. Radiation therapy might be highly effective as well as multimodality therapy. Several different drugs can be used to treat these high-risk patients, including high doses of steroids, traditional chemotherapy (vinblastine, lomustine) or RTK-inhibitors (Palladia, Kinavet) . In some cases, oral toceranib phosphate (Palladia, SU11654) administration applied . Immunotherapy and vaccination are also used.
The recommended treatment for melanoma consists of local tumor control through surgery and/or radiation therapy, as well as systemic treatment, including immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy . Vaccination with oncept is also used .
Surgery is suggested as a treatment of choice for all bitches with mammary tumors except those with inflammatory carcinomas [25,26,27]. Nunes and coauthors point that the surgery can be successful for benign mixed tumors and early-stage (I–III) carcinomas in mixed mammary tumors . As drug therapy is suggested administering doxorubicin combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin combined with carboplatin, carboplatin combined with gemcitabine, and paclitaxel as a single agent . As pointed by Lavalle and colleagues, complementation with adjuvant chemotherapy, results in increased survival compared with bitches undergoing only surgical excision . Disease-free survival increase in bitches with combination of 5-fluoracil therapy with surgery is reported by Karayannopoulou and colleagues .
Below we elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms of five most frequent canine cancers: lymphoma, mast cell tumors, osteosarcoma, mammary gland carcinoma, and melanoma.
Canine lymphoma accounts for around 6% of all canine malignancies, making it one of the most common canine cancers . It is more prevalent in older, larger dogs. Boxers, bull mastiffs, basset hounds, golden retrievers, Saint Bernards, Scottish terriers, Airedales and bulldogs are more predisposed to the disease . Small-breed dogs (< 15 kg BM) appear to be affected with lymphoma at a greater age . The most common symptoms include anorexia, weight loss, ascites (abnormal accumulation of abdomen fluid), dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), polydipsia (abnormal thirst), polyuria (excessive urination), and fever . Typical human lymphoma is classified into Hodgkin’s lymphoma or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma depending on the presence of the Reed-Sternberg cell, but most canine lymphomas are indistinguishable from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Lymphoma subtypes are classified according to their anatomical location, cytomorphology, immunophenotype, genetic, molecular, and clinical features, which results in at least several dozen distinct subtypes of lymphoma . Lymphomas are most broadly separated into B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, of which B-cell is the more common and less aggressive form. B-cell lymphomas make up around 70% of canine lymphoma cases and nearly 90% of human lymphoma cases [8,31,32,33]. DLBCL, the most common form of B-cell lymphoma, accounts for over half of canine lymphomas and a fifth of human lymphomas . Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS), is the second most common subtype of canine lymphoma and the most common form of canine T-cell lymphoma, but is significantly less frequent in humans . Even within this subtype, it is difficult to fully characterize the lymphoma, because PTCL, NOS is a general term that can be further divided by the T-cells they originate from: cytotoxic, helper, and follicular helper PTCL . If classified according to anatomical location, multicentric lymphoma, which affects the peripheral lymph nodes, is most common.
Due to the large variety of subtypes of lymphoma, it is difficult to generalize genetic causes and outcomes for canine lymphoma without considering the subtype of lymphoma. In fact, “indolent” lymphomas, including mantle cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma, have a slower rate of progression than other types of lymphomas. As a result, it is also difficult to predict typical survival time for dogs afflicted with lymphoma. Survival time is around 10–12 months for typical B-cell lymphoma and 6 months for T-cell lymphoma, reflecting the trend that T-cell lymphomas tend to be more aggressive. However, dogs with “indolent” lymphomas have approximate survival times of 33 months for T-cell and 21 months for B-cell, reversing this trend . Thus, the review will discuss findings that may be specific to a subtype of canine lymphoma.
According to one study done on 61 dogs on chromosomal aberrations in multicentric lymphoma, 70% of dogs examined showed genomic imbalance as a result of aneuploidy, and the remaining 30% of dogs showed balanced translocations . An extension of this study found that a gain of canine chromosome 13 was the most common aberration, making up 12 out of the 25 cases studied. Gain of chromosome 31 represented eight cases and loss of chromosome 14 represented 5 of the cases . Canine chromosome 13 corresponds to sites 8q23-qtel and 4pprox-qprox on the human chromosome, which carry the MYC oncogene and c-KIT oncogene respectively and may explain its importance in tumorigenesis. However, these genomic imbalances may not be specific to lymphoma as they were also found in other types of tumors, suggesting that aneuploidy may just be a factor in general tumor progression.
Exons 4–8 of the tumor suppressor gene p53 were also examined for possible mutations (Table 1) [extracted from reference 34]. The study found that out of 43 dogs with various anatomical subtypes of lymphoma, 7 dogs (16%) had mutations in those exons. More specifically, one dog had a mutation in exons 4, 5 and 6, and two dogs each had a mutation in exon 7 and 8 . Of the seven dogs with a p53 mutation, three had a single base insertion and four had a single base substitution—one of the dogs had a synonymous substitution, but all the other substitutions resulted in a changed amino acid sequence. The study suggests that p53 mutations may not be indicative of a specific anatomical subtype of lymphoma . Furthermore, the study did not account for different histologic or immunophenotypic subtypes, so further exploration with more dogs and more detailed subtype classification is needed to determine a correlation between p53 mutations and subtype of lymphoma.
Table 1 Mutations in exons 4–8 of p53 in canine lymphoma.
Because certain breeds of dog are more susceptible to lymphoma, breed-specific genetic risk factors and mutations were also examined. Three breeds—the boxer, golden retriever and cocker spaniel—predisposed to T-cell, B-cell, and both types of lymphoma respectively, were examined for somatic mutations. The study found that B-cell lymphomas in the golden retriever and cocker spaniel had similar genetic mutations. Known for participation in classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, inhibitory factor TRAF3 and one of the main signaling genes of the alternative NF-kB pathway—MAP3K14, were mutated in 28% of all cases (golden retrievers and cocker spaniels, 64 total), FBXW7 in 25%, and POT1 in 17% of all cases (Table 2) [32,36]. Most mutations in TRAF3 seemed to affect reading frame or splicing, leading to a loss of TRAF3 protein . Other mutated genes include the tumor suppressor p53 as mentioned above, the gene coding for uncharacterized protein FAM90A1, the RNA helicase DDX3X, proteasome subunit PSMA1, proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (PNRC1), and SET-domain containing 2 (SETD2). However, T-cell lymphomas were different in their mutation patterns depending on the breed of dog affected. The T-cell predisposed boxers were typically mutated in their mTOR pathway important in cell-cycle regulation and proliferation, while golden retrievers had mutations in genes relating to cellular metabolism. More specifically, boxers had mutations in SATB1 (25% of 16 cases) and PTEN (25%) . In particular, PTEN seems to be specific to boxer T-cell lymphoma because no golden retrievers had mutations in that gene, and 44% of boxers had mutations in the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway, where PTEN acts as an inhibitor (Figure 1) [reproduced from reference 37]. The most significantly mutated genes in golden retriever T-cell lymphomas were PSMA1 (16% of 25 cases), the cytochrome C oxidase subunit involved in apoptosis COX8A (12%), leukotriene A4 hydrolase LTA4H (16%), and the gene coding for TBC1D26 (20%) . SATB1 was the only gene mutated in both kinds of T-cell lymphoma as it was also mutated in 12% of golden retriever T-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, only seven genes were determined to be mutated in both T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, including PSMA1 and the genes for FAM90A1 and TBC1D26 .
Table 2 Gene aberrations and expression changes in canine lymphoma.
Figure 1 PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway. When a growth factor ligand binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase, it activates PI3K which phosphorylates PIP2 to become PIP3, which then activates AKT to cause cell survival and decreased apoptosis. PTEN antagonizes this pathway by dephosphorylating PIP3. Thus, mutations in PTEN cause cancer cell survival and proliferation. Reproduced from the open access source .
Another study done specifically on TRAF3 mutations in canine DLBCL found that 30% of 63 tumors contained at least one somatic TRAF3 mutation . A majority of the mutations caused the loss of TRAF3 protein by affecting reading frame or creating a premature stop codon. The TRAF3 protein acts as a negative regulator in the NF-κB pathway, which is important in DNA transcription and cell survival, by targeting NF-κB-inducing-kinase for ubiquitination and degradation. With the constant underexpression of TRAF3, NF-κB-inducing-kinase levels remain high and constitutively activate the NF-κB pathway, which could easily play a role in the development of canine B-cell lymphomas, as well as many other cancers. Another study corroborated the reported underexpression of TRAF3, and found that the gene LIN28B, also involved in the NF-κB pathway, was the most frequently upregulated gene in tumors . The study listed more differentially expressed genes that contributed to NF-κB overactivity, including CD79, CD19, SYK, LYN, CARD11, BCL10, BTK, TRAF6, MYD88, NFKB2, TLR7, and TLR9 .
Checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) protein was also examined for its use as a biomarker in canine lymphoma. PD-L1, the ligand of PD-1, was found to be overexpressed in malignant B-cells than normal B-cells, but normal and malignant T-cells showed low expression of both PD-1 and PD-L1 . Furthermore, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from both B and T cell lymphomas showed overexpression of PD-1 and PD-L1 compared to lymphocytes from healthy animals, demonstrating upregulated checkpoint molecule expression in lymphomas .
Due to the complexity of lymphoma subtype classification, it is difficult to trace specific genetic mutations or biomarkers that signal the development of lymphoma, but researchers have identified genes of interest that should be pursued further.
3. Mast Cell Tumors
Mast cells, also known as mastocytes or labrocytes, are a type of white blood cell. They reside in connective tissues and are derived from bone marrow. Although they are most commonly known for releasing histamines that induce inflammation during an allergic response, they also function in defense against parasitic infestations, tissue repair, and angiogenesis.
In the study of cutaneous tumors in Swiss dogs, the most common tumor types were found mast cell tumors (16.35%), lipomas (12.47%), hair follicle tumors (12.34%), histiocytomas (12.10%), soft tissue sarcomas (10.86%), and melanocytic tumors (8.63%) .
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are one of the most common canine skin neoplasms, accounting for 7%–21% of all cutaneous tumors . They most commonly occur in middle-aged to elderly dogs, with a mean age of onset of nine years old. The tumor can occur in any breed of dog, although boxers, terriers, bulldogs, Weimaraners and Labrador retrievers have higher incidence rates [43,44]. In Swiss dogs, the highest tumor incidence was found in the giant schnauzer, the standard schnauzer, the Magyar vizsla, the Rhodesian ridgeback, the Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever, and the boxer. Mixed-breed dogs had an increased incidence rate compared to the average of all breeds .
Mast cell tumors are usually categorized according to histologic grade. Two grading systems currently exist: the Patnaik system, which assigns a grade according to the degree of differentiation of the tumor, where “I” is well-differentiated, “II” is intermediately-differentiated, and “III” is poorly-differentiated, and the Kiupel system, which categorizes a tumor as low or high grade according to survival time . However, neither system predicts metastasis. It worth to note that COX-2 overexpression is associated with decreased overall survival and higher grades of malignancy according to Patnaik and Kiupel grading systems .
The proto-oncogene c-KIT has been identified as the key factor in the tumorigenesis of canine mast cell tumors. c-KIT codes for the type III receptor tyrosine kinase KIT, a cytokine receptor on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells that binds to stem cell factor and normally plays a role in cell proliferation, survival, decreased apoptosis and adhesion . Like a typical receptor tyrosine kinase, once the ligand binds to KIT, it dimerizes and phosphorylates itself, which in turn activates more signaling molecules to continue signal transduction. However, according to one study, mutations have been identified in exon 11 of the juxtamembrane domain of c-KIT that lead to a constitutively activated KIT receptor (Figure 2) [reproduced with permission from reference 48]. These mutations are primarily internal tandem duplications (ranging from 39–69 bp in size) and deletions (Table 3) [43,47,49,50]. Because the mutations cause the receptor to be activated even without a bound ligand, the cell proliferates uncontrollably, resulting in a tumor. Although c-KIT mutations were only found in 15% of the 60 tumors examined, they may be present in 30–50% of higher-grade mast cell tumors, as all the c-KIT mutations identified in the study were found in grade 2 or 3 tumors [43,51]. This suggests that c-KIT mutations are associated with higher grade MCTs and thus a higher frequency of recurrent cancer and death. This finding was corroborated by a later study, which analyzed tumors graded with both systems in order to detect ITDs. It found that detection of tumor ITDs is significantly associated with both higher grades in both the Patnaik and Kiupel system .
Figure 2 Mutations were identified in exon 11 of c-KIT, which codes for the juxtamembrane portion of KIT. Reproduced from the open access source .
Table 3 Mutations in c-KIT in canine mast cell tumors.
Canine MCTs with c-KIT mutations are also associated with aberrant protein localization to the cytoplasm . Canine MCTs with a more cytoplasmic KIT localization are in turn more significantly associated with severe prognosis than MCTs with perimembrane KIT localization because the aberrant localization disrupts the signaling pathway. However, level of KIT expression does not correlate with c-KIT mutations or abnormal protein localization, suggesting that overexpression of KIT and the resulting increase in receptor sensitivity to the ligand are less influential than the constantly activated receptor and disruption of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of mast cell tumors .
Although c-KIT mutations seem to be the primary contributor to mast cell tumors, other genes have been observed to contribute to a more severe prognosis and shorter survival times. Specific gene losses in PTEN, FAS, and CFA26 and gene gains in MAPK3, WNT5B, FGF, FOXM1, RAD51 and CFA27 are several potential candidate genes that can be examined for their effects on mast cell tumorigenesis [45,53].
Osteosarcoma (OSA) accounts for 85%–89% of all canine bone tumors [54,55] and is the most common malignant bone tumor, typically affecting larger and older male dogs. The median age at diagnosis is eight years . In particular, German shepherds, Labradors, Irish setters, Great Danes, Irish wolfhounds, Rottweilers and greyhounds are predisposed to the disease, and there seem to be certain breed-related risk factors present in addition to size-related risk factors [56,57]. Osteosarcoma can also be categorized into two groups depending on its anatomical location. Appendicular osteosarcoma affects the limbs and is the more common type (75%), while axial osteosarcoma (24%) affects the skull, ribs, vertebrae and pelvis and is more common in smaller dogs . Occasionally, it can affect soft tissues (1%) . In addition to anatomical subtypes, osteosarcoma can also be divided into histologic subtypes, the most common three being osteoblastic, where tumor cells overproduce tumor osteoid; chondroblastic, where tumor cells produce chondroid and osteoid; and fibroblastic, where tumor cells are predominantly fibroblasts and produce both collagen and tumor osteoid. Two other less common subtypes include telangiectatic and giant cell type osteosarcoma [13,58]. The target cell for malignant transformation of osteosarcoma is thought to be a mesenchymal stem cell or other cell committed to differentiating into an osteoblast . A common symptom of osteosarcoma is limping or lameness in a limb with unknown cause . Early detection of osteosarcoma is especially important because it may metastasize to the lungs.
A study conducted on greyhounds, Irish wolfhounds and Rottweilers identified 34 genetic loci involved in canine osteosarcoma tumorigenesis, among which somatic mutations were common in tumor suppressor genes RB1 and TP53, as well as CDK4 inhibitors CDKN2A/B (Table 4) [56,58]. The most commonly mutated region was 150 kb upstream of the CDKN2A/B gene at chr11:44405676. This mutation would alter regulation of CDKN2A/ARF which encodes the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins. The mutation would thus prevent the induction of senescence by the RB and p53 pathways. Other mutated genes include SEMA4D, SEMA6D, NF1, NF2 and PTEN . More evidence suggests the importance of PTEN in osteosarcoma development—PTEN loss, either through deletion of CFA 26q25 (which encompasses the PTEN locus) or inactivating amino acid substitutions, was the most common aberration and occurred in 16 out 38 OSA cases studied [59,61]. Other genomic losses include regions of CFA 16, 18, 29, and 35, especially the loss of gene WT1 at CFA 18q22.3 in 14 out of 38 cases . Genomic gains of CFA 13q14 and CFA 31q15.3 were present in 16 out of 38 cases. This finding is consistent with the results of study on canine lymphoma stating that gain of CFA13 and CFA31 is an important step in tumorigenesis and is not specific to any form of cancer [56,61].
Table 4 Mutations and expression for canine osteosarcoma.
In another study examining p53 mutations, 19 out of 47 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma and 5 out of 11 dogs with axial osteosarcoma were found to have p53 mutations (Table 5) . Most of the 27 mutations observed were located on exons 4 and 5. Nineteen point-mutations observed resulted in an amino acid substitution, and the remaining seven mutations were deletions . A majority of the point mutations were transitions between G:C->A:T with the second most common being transversions between G:C->T:A. Another study specifically sequenced exons 5–8 of p53 and found mutations in 47% of samples (Table 5) . Most of the mutations were missense mutations in the highly conserved regions of p53, with the majority of them again being G: C->A: T transitions . SETD2 was found to be the second most recurrently mutated gene in canine osteosarcoma after p53 . SETD2 is a recognized tumor suppressor gene in human cancers but was not previously implicated in osteosarcoma. The study found SETD2 mutations in 21% of tumors across all three breeds of predisposed dogs (golden retrievers, Rottweilers and greyhounds).
Table 5 TP53 and SETD2 aberrations data for canine osteosarcoma.
The gene DLG2, important in regulating cell division, migration and tumorigenesis, is also a viable tumor suppressor candidate of osteosarcoma . One study found that DLG2 copy number loss occurs in 56% of canine osteosarcomas. Deleting the DLG2 gene in a murine model also accelerated the development of canine osteosarcoma .
Other studies examined vulnerable pathways in osteosarcoma development in order to identify target genes. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and Hippo pathway mediators have important roles in bone development and cancer progression, but their importance in canine osteosarcoma has only recently been evaluated . A study examined the role of Hippo signaling effectors TAZ and YAP, a transcriptional activator of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, along with pSmad2, a marker of active TGFβ signaling. It found that underexpression of both YAP and pSmad2 led to a slower metastasis . This implies that inhibiting YAP and TAZ function and further studying the relationship between TGFβ and the Hippo pathway could prevent the spread and further development of osteosarcoma.
Wnt signaling pathway also plays a critical role in osteosarcoma disease progression because it controls the expression of beta-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator of many key proto-oncogenes such as MYC (Figure 3) [reproduced from reference 67]. Beta-catenin expression levels are found to be frequently altered in osteosarcoma and beta-catenin is highly present in neoplastic cells. However, no mutations were identified in exon 3, suggesting that other regulatory mechanisms may play a larger role in beta-catenin accumulation .
Figure 3 Wnt signaling pathway. When Wnt binds to a frizzled protein, the Wnt pathway is activated and beta-catenin is able to facilitate the transcription of key genes such as proto-oncogene myc. When the Wnt pathway is off, beta-catenin is phosphorylated and tagged for destruction by beta Trcp. Reproduced from the open access source .
Another study found the genes MFAP4, CHRDL1, LOC100684002, and TMSB4X to be differentially expressed in aggressive tumors than non-aggressive tumors . GDNF, CEMIP (KIAA1199), GDF6, ALPK2, GREM1, and DHRS2 were specifically underexpressed These results were surprising because CEMIP is a target gene of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is overactive, and is known to promote cancer cell migration. The study also profiled osteosarcoma across species in order to identify common biomarkers of osteosarcoma. They identified ARK5, a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cellular senescence, as a new metabolic target present in all species and confirmed glucose metabolism as the most significantly aberrant cellular signaling pathway in metastatic tumors .
There are a wide variety of genes implicated in the development of osteosarcoma, and many show promises in targeted gene therapies specifically for treating osteosarcoma.
5. Mammary Gland Tumors
Mammary tumors make up more than 50% of the neoplasms in female dogs, making it the second most common neoplasia among dogs in general . Miniature Poodles, Dachshunds, Malteses, Yorkshire Terriers, Cocker Spaniels and German Shepherds are the most predisposed breeds . Because the risk of developing mammary tumors is correlated with exposure to estrogen and progesterone from an early age, the risk of developing it increases if the dog is not spayed or is spayed after the age of two . Approximately half of all mammary tumors in dogs are malignant, and tumors most often develop in the fourth and fifth mammary glands . The most common type of malignant mammary tumor is tubular carcinoma (adenocarcinoma), followed by papillary carcinoma .
A comprehensive study done on expression levels of important cellular pathways in canine breast cancer found that cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which regulate the cell cycle, are often dysfunctional. As expected, oncogenic pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, KRAS, MAPK, Wnt, β-catenin, BRCA2, ESR1 and P-cadherin, are upregulated while tumor suppressor pathways, like p53, p16/INK4A (encoded by CDKN2A), PTEN and E-cadherin, are downregulated (Table 6) . Mutations in any of the genes or proteins involved in these pathways can lead to failure to check important cell events before continuing the cell cycle, which can lead to tumorigenesis. In particular, the p16/INK4A locus has been found to be frequently mutated. A study examining somatic copy number alterations corroborated these findings, revealing that the oncogene c-MYC was the most recurrently amplified region, and the tumor suppressor PTEN was frequently lost. The study also pointed out genes COL9A3, INPP5A, CYP2E1 and RB1 as other possible contributors to breast cancer tumorigenesis .
Table 6 Expression and aberrations of genes in mammary gland tumors.
BRCA2 is an important tumor suppressor in both humans and canines. It binds to Rad51 recombinase through interaction with eight BRC repeats, and the complex repairs DNA damage through homologous recombination repair (Figure 4) [72,78,79,80]. In one study, it was found that mammary tumors express less BRCA2 than normal mammary glands, which would explain how mutations causing breast cancer might arise . However, the cause for the underexpression is unclear—there were no mutations in the promoter that might affect transcription levels. The study discovered two BRCA2 splice variants, one of which induced a shift in reading frame that lead to nonsense-mediated RNA decay and thus underexpression . In addition, there were many single nucleotide polymorphisms in exon 11 of BRCA2 (Table 7) and a high frequency of genetic variation at two “hot spots” (A511C and A2414G) in many tumors that could have led to BRCA2 underexpression [79,81,82]. Two key mutations were also found in BRC repeat 3, a substitution from Threonine to Proline at codon 1425 and Lysine to Arginine at codon 1435, that would affect the affinity between BRC3 and Rad51 and increase the risk of developing breast cancer . The discovery of BRCA2 underexpression in this study contrasts with other studies who report no difference in BRCA2 expression levels between benign and malignant tumors . Thus, BRCA2 plays an important role in the development of breast cancer, but the exact link between BRCA2 expression level and breast cancer tumorigenesis is still unclear.
Figure 4 Interaction between BRCA2 and Rad51 in homologous recombination DNA repair (all related to reproduction) Reproduced from the open access source .
Table 7 Amino-acid substitution mutations in canine mammary tumors.
The most frequently studied biomarker of mammary tumors is Ki-67, a nuclear, non-histone protein, which can only be detected in the cell nucleus during interphase, and during mitosis. Higher levels of Ki-67 are associated with increased chances for metastasis and poorer prognosis [69,83,84]. Another biomarker is PCNA, an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase δ, involved in the DNA repair process, cell cycle control, chromatin assembly and in RNA transcription [69,83]. PCNA expression level has a positive correlation with tumor size, histological grade of malignancy, and lymph node metastasis. Carvalho and colleagues had shown that PI of intratumoral Ki-67 and PCNA are statistically associated with the following tumor characteristics: higher aggressiveness, tumor histological grade, nuclear grade, and lymph node involvement . In general, high intratumoral Ki-67 and PCNA are associated with shorter survival . However, since PCNA is stimulated by cytokines, it may not be solely indicative of cancer. Thus, PCNA presence should be evaluated in conjunction with other biomarkers.
A further look at the important tumor suppressor and biomarker p53 again revealed that p53 mutations in the highly conserved domains of exons 5–8 are correlated to tumorigenesis and increased malignancy (Table 7) [69,73,81,83]. p53 is thought to be the most frequently mutated gene in mammary tumors . In total, 20% of the 25 mammary tumors studied had mutations in exons 5–8, a frequency which is similar to that in human breast cancer. Just as in canine osteosarcoma and many other cancers, a majority of the mutations were G:C->A:T transitions, with the next most common being G:C->T:A and T:A->A:T transversions .
Another gene presented as a promising tumor suppressor in canine breast cancer is EZH2, which codes for a catalytic subunit of a complex that leads to silencing of genes involved in processes such as stem cell maintenance and tumor progression without DNA sequence modification. It was found to be overexpressed in canine breast cancer and human breast cancer .
Many biomarkers have already been discovered that show promise in clarifying the mechanisms behind breast cancer. However, the links between them and tumorigenesis still remain unclear, so markers such as BRCA2, Ki-67, PCNA, and p53 cannot be evaluated individually in order to determine the development of breast cancer.
As the fourth most common cancer in dogs overall, melanoma represents 4%–7% of all cancers and 9%–20% of skin neoplasms . Melanomas are classified based on their location and are generally categorized as cutaneous, ocular, oral or subungual (on the nail bed) melanoma. The primary tumor site is the oral cavity (56%); other less common sites include the lips (23%), skin (11%), eyes (3%) and digits (8%) [23,88]. Older dogs (an average age of nine years) are more predisposed to the disease, and there is no gender influenced selection, although males are typically overrepresented . Purebred dogs, breeds such as poodles, dachshunds, golden retrievers, schnauzers, cocker spaniels, and Scottish terriers, and dogs with darker pigmented skin are more at risk of developing melanoma [23,87,89]. This marks a surprising difference between humans and dogs, as humans with lighter skin and less melanin (which protects from UV rays), are generally more at risk for melanoma. This leads to the hypothesis that UV radiation is not a significant factor in the genesis of canine melanoma, possibly because of the protective hair coat (Table 8) [adapted from reference 23].
Table 8 Common sites of malignant melanomas in dogs.
Genes implicated in human melanoma include important proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors BRAF, NRAS, PTEN, KIT, GNAQ, and CDK4. Of those six, mutations were only observed in NRAS and PTEN in canine melanoma and were in locations corresponding to the human mutations (Table 9) . Most importantly, canines lack key mutations in BRAF exon 15 that lead to the development of human melanomas . Mutations in BRAF exon 15 are associated with skin exposure to UV light; mutations in human BRAF lead to PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activation [15,89,92]. Yet despite the lack of activating BRAF mutations in canines, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and/or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are still activated in 52%–77% of cases . This may be due to PTEN and NRAS loss, or overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Another gene that may play a role in activated MAPK signaling is IQGAP1, which regulates oncogenic ERK1/2 MAPK signaling . IQGAP1 expression is increased in tumors, especially co-localizing with melanocytes as well as at the tumor edge . Targeted gene therapy focusing on the interaction between IQGAP1 and ERK1/2 has already started and holds promise.
Table 9 Mutations in canine oral melanoma tumors.
Beyond that, deletion of the genes encoding the tumor suppressors p53, Rb, p21 (waf-1), p16 (ink-4a), and PTEN have been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of melanoma In particular, the loss of p16 and PTEN are common abnormalities observed in melanoma. Frequent MYC amplifications and deletions of CDKN2A were also observed . Expression of cell–cell adhesion molecules was also altered, such as decreased expression of E-cadherin, V-CAM1, increased expression of N-cadherin, Mel-CAM1, ICAM 1, and α β integrins (Table 10) . This is important because disturbing the interaction between melanocytes and basal keratinocytes may cause the melanocytes to divide uncontrollably, creating a malignant tumor that can then metastasize. Cell adhesion molecules also play an important role in tumor suppression because cell division is often inhibited when in contact with other cells.
Table 10 Expressions and aberrations in canine melanoma.
Recently, a novel tumor suppressor gene PTPRJ was linked to the development of canine malignant melanoma . PTPRJ is a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor that has previously been linked to oncogenesis and plays a role in allelic loss and loss of heterozygosity in humans. The study found that 7 out of 37 sequenced tumors (19%) bore a total of 9 PTPRJ mutations, most of which were truncating mutations. The study sequenced six frameshift and nonsense mutations, one splice site mutation, one 10-amino-acid-long deletion, and one missense mutation .
Members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways show promise for targeted gene therapy of canine melanoma, as well as the gene PTPRJ, which has not previously been linked to canine cancers.
We live in era of rapidly developing new methods in medicine. Two main achievements of medicine—vaccination and antibiotics, saved millions of people and animals. Now we are entering a new era of personalized medicine. The next NG sequencing that can elucidate driver mutations for various cancers become a usual practice in human cancer medicine. Understanding the complex molecular mechanisms including consequent somatic mutation leading to tumor development is ushering in revolution of cancer treatments. Now we can address the discovered molecular cancerogenic aberration directly and propose the most optimal combinations of drug covering the majority of these. Study of molecular mechanisms of cancer development in animals is extremely important from the point of comparative medicine. As pointed by Kent Lloyd and colleagues, “molecular phenotyping of animal diseases will connect those conditions with similarly characterized human disorders for which precision treatments have been or are being developed” . In the same time, we need to note that current “state of art” in canine cancer therapy that includes elucidation of very few cancer-related biomarkers cannot be a basis to the precision-medicine-targeted therapy solutions. From this point the works that include elucidation of the concrete aberrations related to specific canine cancers are hard to overestimate.
In this review we summarized more than 30 canine cancer-related molecular aberrations elucidated by various methods along with more than 30 expression markers of these cancers. Interesting to note that many of them are not on the list of most frequent aberrations in human cancers. These findings pave the road to serious changes in canine cancer medicine and we hope to revolution toward personalized cancer treatment for dogs and eventually to other animals.
IT suggested general outline of the article and selected the specified cancers for description. VK and JC wrote the article.
No specific funding was received for this work.
The authors declare no conflict of interest in this research and no external funding was sought or obtained.
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- Neoplastic and non-neoplastic tumors. In: Miller WH, Griffin I, Campbell KL, editors. Muller and Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology, 7th ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier–Saunders, 2012. Chapter 20, pp. 774-843.
- Teixeira TF, da Silva TC, Cogliati B, Nagamine MK, Dagli MLZ. Retrospective study of melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats. Brazil J Vet Pathol. 2010; 3: 100-104.
- Mochizuki H, Kennedy K, Shapiro SG, Breen MB. BRAF mutations in canine cancers. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0129534. [CrossRef]
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- Lloyd KCK, Khanna C, Hendricks W, Trent J, Kotlikoff M. Precision medicine: An opportunity for a paradigm shift in veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2016; 248: 45-48. [CrossRef]
- Hendricks W, Zismann V, Sivaprakasam K, Legendre C, Poorman K, Tembe W, et al. Somatic inactivating PTPRJ mutations and dysregulated pathways identified in canine melanoma by integrated comparative genomic analysis. PLoS Genet. 2018; 14: e1007589. [CrossRef] | <urn:uuid:2425d280-9a36-40f8-ace6-8e7b8158b2b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lidsen.com/journals/genetics/genetics-03-02-071 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.879565 | 15,663 | 1.835938 | 2 |
With the rapid development of society and the rapidly improving level of information technology, aluminum alloy die-casting technology has been widely used in the field of automobile manufacturing.
On the basis of existing die-casting aluminum parts, alloy element combinations should be further optimized, effective alloy design should be carried out, and alloy performance should be improved.
At present, die-casting aluminum parts used in the industry mainly include the following series: A1-Si, Al-Mg, Al -Si-Cu. Al-Si-Mg, etc.
But no matter how many use the manhole cover has, the shape of the manhole cover is basically a circle. Have you ever wondered why the manhole cover has to be round? | <urn:uuid:36703b03-e612-432e-9b15-762e4e617c1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aluminumcastingiron.com/news/index_2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.900018 | 150 | 2.296875 | 2 |
(StatePoint) Strokes are dangerous, potentially deadly, and can happen to anyone at any time.
A stroke is a brain attack that can cause long-term disability, impair a person’s ability to speak, see or move, and can result in death. If the signs of stroke are present, trust your instincts and call 911 as your quick action can have a lasting impact.
Strokes can strike suddenly without warning and the signs may be subtle and easy to miss. That’s why it’s important to learn the “BE FAST” signs and symptoms of stroke in yourself or the people around you. BE FAST stands for Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech, Time and refers to the common signs of stroke:
Balance: Sudden loss of balance
Eyes: Loss or change of vision in one or both eyes
Face: Face looks uneven or droopy
Arm: Arm or leg is weak or hanging limp
Speech: Slurred speech, trouble speaking or confused speech
Time: Immediately call 911
There are some risk factors – including age, gender, family history, and race – that we can’t control. However, there are ways to help manage your risk. Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a major factor in disability in the United States. Know the steps to help you manage your risk:
1. Add color to your diet and skip the salt.
High-sodium diets can increase blood pressure, a risk factor for stroke. Instead of loading up on salt at mealtimes, flavor your food with good-for-you spices like turmeric, cinnamon, and ginger. Add colorful fruits, vegetables, and whole foods to your diet for optimum nutrition.
2. Get moving.
Inactivity can increase your risk of having a stroke, as well as developing many related chronic illnesses. While the American Stroke Association recommends being active at least 150 minutes a week, the essential thing to remember is to move more and sit less. Talk to your doctor about incorporating physical activity into your routine gradually and safely.
3. Kick the habit.
The nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke damages the cardiovascular system and can lead to a stroke. Kicking your cigarette habit can reduce your stroke risk and improve your health in a number of other essential ways. Talk to you doctor about treatment options that can help you quit smoking.
4. Slim down.
For those who are overweight or obese, losing even 5 to 10 pounds can make a significant difference in stroke risk. If weight control has been a lifelong challenge, talk to your doctor and start by taking small, sustainable steps to manage your weight.
5. Control the cholesterol.
Large amounts of cholesterol in the blood can build up and cause blood clots, leading to a stroke. To reduce your cholesterol, eat foods low in saturated fats, trans fat and cholesterol, and high in fiber. Also, try to have five or more serving of fruits and vegetables per day.
6. Find your zen.
Stress can cause inflammation, hypertension, and or other vascular conditions, all of which can cause stroke. Manage stress with regular exercise, meditation, and self-care. It may also be a good idea to speak to a mental health professional about coping strategies.
Everyone’s risk factors are different. Talk to your doctor to determine how to manage your risk, and visit strokeawareness.com, developed by Genentech Inc., a member of the Roche Group, for more shareable information on stroke prevention.
While some risk factors for stroke are beyond your control, knowing the signs and symptoms of stroke and taking actions to reduce your risk can help protect you, your friends, and family.
“BE FAST” was developed by Intermountain Healthcare, as an adaptation of the FAST model implemented by the American Stroke Association. Reproduced with permission from Intermountain Healthcare. © 2011 Intermountain Healthcare. All rights reserved.
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Photo 6 Credit: (c) Ridofranz / iStock via Getty Images Plus | <urn:uuid:d9446094-b952-4ee8-96d6-8aa6bf55d896> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kykernel.com/3081/online-features-health-and-wellness/6-steps-to-help-manage-your-stroke-risk/?print=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927759 | 940 | 3.234375 | 3 |
“I knew that if I failed I wouldn’t regret that, but I knew the one thing I might regret is not trying.” — Jeff Bezos
You know Jeff Bezos, right? Well, unless you’ve been living under a rock, you know he’s the founder of Amazon.com, a wildly successful company that has seen tremendous growth over the years. It went from a simple online book store serving a few customers, to the everything store, serving hundreds of millions of customers worldwide.
However, going back to its earlier days, you can discover a lot about what Bezos believes to be the most important secrets to success. He attributes these secrets to the success of Amazon over the years. And without adhering to these, the company wouldn’t be where it’s at today.
In fact, these four secrets come directly from Bezos himself. While he’s given keynote speeches and interviews throughout the years, these four come straight after the acquisition of Zappos.com. You can actually watch the video below.
What Are The Secrets To Success
Most people are lost when it comes to finding their way in business. The truth is that it’s hard. You have to be laser-focused and driven beyond measure. But the difference between those who succeed and those who fail comes down to a very few number of factors.
Sure, there are good habits you need to have. That much is certain. You need to manager your time, have discipline, and eliminate the bad habits that get in your way. You also have to be able to ignore the opinions of others as you pursue your dreams.
But that’s not what it truly takes to succeed in business. According to Bezos, there are four very distinct factors that are the difference-makers. If you can focus on these, your business will thrive. If you fail to address these, your business will likely become another casualty of competition.
The Early Days Of Amazon
When Bezos first left his cushy job in finance, he had a vision of an online store. He chose books because it was the most ubiquitous product he could offer the widest range on. Since books were so deeply entrenched in society, he chose that as the fastest path.
With astounding internet growth at the time, Bezos knew that he had a small window of opportunity to create a big business. When they started, they programmed a bell to ring every time there was an order. Usually it was a family member. But the first time they received an order from a stranger, it really was the beginning of something incredible.
Within the first 30 days, they bell was ringing so often, they had to turn it off. Clearly, Amazon has only grown from there. Today, it is a colossal multi-trillion dollar company entrenched in the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people who rely on it every day.
So how did Amazon grow so big? Well, there are 4 secrets to success, according to Bezos himself.
1—Obsess Over Your Customers
Many people in business forget this very simple fact. This goes beyond the credo that the customer is always right. You must have an utter obsession over your customers if you want to succeed. So how do you actually go about doing this?
According to Bezos, everything they do is about the customers and what will benefit the customers the most. Unfortunately, this will not always pay dividends in the outset. When you obsess over your customers you’re expending energy and resources to make them happy.
You do this not only because it’s more expensive to find new customers than to sell to existing ones. You do it because it’s the right thing to do according to. That’s not just an opinion held by Bezos—that’s something the world’s best companies adhere to.
This means that any decision made has to be made with the best intentions for the customers.
2—Invent When There’s A Problem
Bezos says that you shouldn’t wait for the customer to tell you how to solve a problem. Instead, you need to invent to solve their problems. And it needs to be done without the customer prompting you about it. Invention is key to creating a sustainable customer-centric business.
This does not have to be something groundbreaking. It merely means that you need to solve problems in an inventive way. How do you wrap your mind around this? For example, Amazon has faced numerous problems with duplicates orders, deliveries to wrong addresses, and so on.
In fact, early on, Bezos says that customers were ordering negative items and they were getting paid as credits to their cards for those orders. Thankfully, this was solved quickly. But the point is tat you have to identify problems and invent when they exist.
For duplicate orders, Amazon started putting a label on items that were already ordered to help customers to avoid placing a duplicate order. They’ve also beefed up logistics and added photos of deliveries to help with things like fraud and wrong address deliveries.
3—Think Long-Term (5 to 7 Years)
In business, it’s easy to see why most people think short term. After all, most businesses are in survival mode. However, one major secret to success for Amazon has been to think much longer-term than that. Bezos always thinks 5 to 7 years down the road.
He states that some initiatives don’t turn a profit for the company right away. However, they do add value to the customer right away. But in general, most of the investments the company makes do not bear fruit for quite some time.
Think about that for a moment the next time you decide to launch an initiative, create a product or do anything else worthwhile. When you think long-term, it also removes you from being competitor focused and becoming more customer-centric.
Clearly, Bezos does everything in the spirit of the customer because they obsess over the customer.
4—It’s Always Day One
When Bezos says it’s always day one, it means that they are hyper-flexible with the details but stubborn on their vision. They’re not afraid to try new things, even when something is working out okay, in the spirit of making it work even better.
This again comes off the heels of being hyper-focused on the customer. When you take this approach, you’re always willing to experiment in the hopes that you’ll improve the customer’s experience. That’s why it is (and always will be) day one at Amazon.
When you think about this concept, it means that you don’t take an old stodgy approach to business. Most businesses are rigid in their approach and do not promote thinking outside of the box. But not at Amazon because it’s always Day One.
If something will help solve a problem for the customer, or if it will help another initiative along, it is fast-tracked.
How To Use This Approach In Business Or In Life
There’s a lot of so-called advice out there touting the secrets to success of the world’s richest people. But the question is how do you actually use this advice in business? Whether you’re a student, an employee, an entrepreneur or a service provider, pay attention to this advice.
The problem is that most of us spend so much time trying to survive, that we don’t design our lives and businesses in a way that helps us thrive. This comes back to the fundamentals of who we are and how we spend our time. It’s about discipline, goal setting, and understanding why we’re doing something.
The first takeaway here is that whatever you’re doing, it should be in the best interest of your customer. Even if you’re just an employee and don’t own your own business, if you work for someone else, do whatever you can for the customer.
If your employer does not agree with you, then you should probably get another job. Because, any employer who doesn’t value going all out for their customers, is probably an employer you don’t want to work for. If you have any interaction at all with customers, go all out.
Sometimes, this means losing money in the short term. Not everything should be about turning a profit today, especially when you hold the notion to think long term. When you’re thinking on 5 to 7-year timelines, it makes what you do today far different.
When All Else Fails, “Be Like Jeff”
Sometimes, when you feel overwhelmed, it’s novel to think in a different way. This requires that you step outside of your comfort zone and think in a different way. In terms of Bezos, this would require asking yourself the question—what would Jeff do here?
In other words, “Be Like Jeff” and there will be no question as to where you’re going. If you go back into the early days of Amazon, you can find interviews where Bezos was asked why he had a front door as desk. His answer was that he wanted to invest every dollar the company had into the helping the customer, and not into frills.
Of course, Amazon no longer has to worry about those things, but they are still incredibly frugal. They’re still wary of every cent spent and are still hyper-focused on investments that will bring long-term returns. However, they can play on a much larger level these days.
Would Jeff Do This?
There’s no doubt that Bezos is an incredibly disciplined individual. If you lack discipline, that’s certainly one place to start on the road to success. Discipline requires interweaving so many parts of your life like goals, habits and time management. But without it, success is not possible.
But in business and in life, when you need to make a big decision, ask yourself this question—would Jeff do this? I know it sounds simple and common. But knowing what you know about the founder of Amazon, the answer to this question could certainly lead you in the right direction. | <urn:uuid:1b77e083-00ae-4f23-b7b9-cdcd7bd07692> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wanderlustworker.com/4-secrets-to-success-according-to-jeff-bezos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964592 | 2,120 | 1.515625 | 2 |
tv President James Madisons Life Career CSPAN April 30, 2021 2:13pm-3:06pm EDT
next on american history tv, author lynne cheney discusses president james madison's personality, health problems, and political career. she also talks about the influential women in madison's life. her book on the fourth president first published in 2014 is "james madison: a life reconsidered." the society of the four arts in palm beach, florida, hosted this 50-minute lecture. [ applause ] >> i'll put it down for me, and it has to come down a little bit more for dr. cheney.
welcome, history lovers. good morning. i am thrilled you're here, and i am particularly happy to welcome students from the palm beach day academy fifth grade and their teachers. [ applause ] and also students from palm beach atlantic university and faculty. thank you for being with us. this, after all, is about the future. [ applause ] dr. cheney has focused much of her life on teaching children american history so that the next generation can learn from the past. but before i introduce her, we had a surprise guest fly in from wyoming last night. and i would like dr. cheney's husband of 52 years, dick cheney, to please stand up. vice president cheney. [ applause ]
thank you so much for coming. it means a lot to me and a lot to lynne. well, i'm honored to introduce this morning's distinguished speaker. and when i called her last year to invite her, she said gay, am i the only speaker who hasn't won a pulitzer prize? i said yes, but you're the only speaker who is chairman of the national endowment of the humanities for seven years. and you're the only speaker who was second lady of the united states of america for eight years. [ applause ] if you google dr. cheney, you will be blown away by all of her awards and accomplishments. but as always i'm not going to list all of that, i expect you
to do that. but while she was head of neh, she published "american memory," a report that warned about the failure of schools and institutions of higher learning to transmit accurate knowledge about the past to future generations. she said, quote, a system of education that fails to nurture memory of the past denies students a great deal. one of the most successful series she funded when she was there was the civil war series by ken burns, which we all loved. but she said, neh is a difficult place to be, and some projects were good, and some were not. dr. cheney has authored 15 books. her most recent, "james madison: a life reconsidered," is a masterful insight into one of the physically smallest of the
founding fathers, but one with the most towering intellect. and certainly the one with the most fun wife. i asked her what she most liked about madison, and she said, gay, i am fascinated by people who work hard. she is an example of that as well. she compared him, and i want to quote, she compared him to mozart. both were geniuses who with their greatest works changed forever the way people think. she's currently working on a book about the virginia dynasty, washington, jefferson, madison, and monroe that will be out in about two years. but what fascinates her is that for the first 36 years of our republic, with the exception of four short years of john adams, the virginia dynasty was in power. of the 15 books she has written, five of them are history books
for children. and we have bought them for all of our grandchildren, and i've read them over and over with the grandchildren who love them. and i'll just mention a few because you might want to purchase them. "america, a patriotic primer, celebrates the ideas that are our country. and one of my favorites "a is for abigail," tells about the accomplishments of women in america. and, of course, the one that i love the most is "when washington crossed the delaware." and it tells about the general washington leading his rag tag army across the frozen river christmas night and his surprise attack on the enemy in trenton. it teaches children about courage, heroism, and dedication to your dreams. she was also a baton twirler as a child. she required hours of discipline and practice, and she was phone across the state of wyoming as flamboyant because her batons
were sometimes set aflame at both ends. in 1954, she was wyoming's junior champion. and in 1956, she won the state senior champion medal. i asked her if she'd be willing to show us a few of her tricks. she said, you couldn't pay me enough. [ laughter ] although i've heard that she still might do it for a big charity that's willing to give a lot of money to the charity, lynne vincent met young dick cheney in latrona high school. the vice president told me that his father was choosing between two jobs. one was in casper, wyoming. one was in great falls, montana. he said, you know, gay, if we had gone to great falls, montana, i never would've met lynne. she would have met another fella at high school, fallen in love and married him, and he would have become the vice president. [ laughter ]
dr. cheney wrote that natrona high school was the most beautiful building in wyoming and the most beautiful building in casper. the second most beautiful building was the carnegie library which opened in 1910. she said by the time i started going there, some 40 winters of hot water heating had worked to combine the scent of varnished wood with the slightly acidic odor of aging books to create a wonderful smell, one that was unique, in my experience. in the 1950s, it was a haven for kids like lynne vincent who loved books. this was a different time back in the 1940s and '50s. and a lot of us in this audience can relate to it. i remember, too, teens and kids were free to run around, come and go, and their parents didn't even know where they were or
worry. there was no pervasive fear of computers or cell phones blaring something ugly from around the country or the world. there was a feeling of optimism. when i was the regent at mount vernon, i invited dr. cheney to come as the second lady to talk to 350 students on constitution day september 17th. as you know, it's the day that celebrates the adoption of the american constitution. and her talk captivated the students. she, in turn, invited the entire board to come to the vice president's mansion, and, as you know, it resides on the u.s. naval observatory grounds, and the ladies were deeply appreciative of the talk she gave us, the tour she gave us, and all we learned from her. when i spoke to her a week ago, i said what's something you do we might not know? she said, well, every day i do
the daily merriam webster vocabulary quizzes on my ipad. i didn't even know they existed. but ever since i've done it every morning. a fascinating fact is that people in their 60s and 70s score higher than those in their 30s and 40s. as our second lady of the united states, dr. cheney lived at the highest level of national life. but she remained what she grew up to be in wyoming, a curious, hardworking scholar, down to earth, a beautiful and brilliant woman. the columnist george will calls her, lynne is the really indispensable cheney. ladies and gentlemen, please welcome dr. lynne cheney. [ applause ]
you're taller than i am. well, thank you for that nice welcome. and let me thank gay for that terrific introduction. i got to get a printed copy, dick, so you can read it a lot. [ laughter ] and, gay, for all the hard work she has done and for her creative thinking to put this wonderful series of speeches together. so, gay, thank you. and thank all of you for being here today and for loving the idea of listening to stories about the past. it took me five years to write the book about madison. and that's not an excessively long time. i think if you'd ask your other presenters, it's a long process. but when you tell someone who isn't a writer it took you five years, they're stunned.
and after being stunned about how long i spent on the book, they are stunned that i spent five years on madison. and i completely love the time i spent working on it. and i explain that i like madison because he wasn't a flamboyant character, he was reserved, and he got things done without making a whole lot of fuss about it. and i think that is an achievement to be valued. the folks who aren't pushing toward the microphone today, but the ones who are just quietly moving ahead and getting things done. and, boy, he got a lot done. one of the things you will read often if you read about madison, is that he was reserved. you know, he wasn't a hail fellow that ran around patting people on the back and chatting them up. he was so reserved that he
sometimes intimidated people on first meeting. and there was a young man named george tucker who described his first meeting with madison this way. the impression made on me was of sternness rather than the mildness and suavity, which i later found to characterize him. madison was visiting james monroe when tucker encountered him. and tucker later wrote, it's possible that he and monroe were discussing something very serious, and that could have accounted for it. but it was also possible that madison reserved a stern look for strangers. tucker said he never perceived madison that way afterward. now, he was not -- tucker wasn't the only one to note how stern madison could be on first meeting. he gave away nothing to
strangers, nothing. and it was often observed as well that he was very different and private than he was in public. in private, he was witty, known to like madeira, and appreciate jokes that weren't fit for the dining room -- the drawing room, i try to say it fast because the fifth graders. once, it said, his humor left a british ambassador utterly scandalized. he was only 5'6". 5'4" may be a little closer to the mark. he was a nice-looking gentleman, small, compact, nice looking, and he had a receding hair line that he made up for in a very stylish way. he combed his hair forward and to a point like this.
now, is there anybody in this audience who watches "blue bloods"? oh, my gosh, okay, good. well, i got dick for sure. on "blue bloods," there is a player named detective danny reagan. and if you ever watch "blue bloods," danny reagan is the one who jumps over a car at least once an episode. he's played by donny wahlberg who, as those of you who have watched it might guess, combs his hair exactly like james madison. now, if i ever get the opportunity to do casting for someone writing about the founders, i'm going to suggest donny wahlberg. so, madison wasn't physically impressive in the way that the six-footers were, as gay knows,
six-footers jefferson, monroe, washington in particular. and i am struck time and again when i read about washington how important his physique was to his accomplishments when abigail adams first met him and john had told her about washington, she scolded john for, she said, not preparing her for the phenomenon that the general was. i thought the one half was not told me, she wrote. benjamin rush, dr. benjamin rush, described washington this way. there is not a king in europe that would not look like a valet de chambre by his side. what madison, though, lacked in stature, he more than made up for in brains. his presence as jefferson described it, came from a habit
of self-possession which placed at ready command the rich resources of his luminous and discriminating mind. in my book, as gay mentioned, i called madison a genius. and this caused some heartburn among some critics. i am happy, however, to stand my ground on that. madison not only saw the world he was born into. he saw how it could be different. and at age 36, he arrived at the philadelphia convention, later known as the constitutional convention, full of this idea intent on creating a nation from the 13 states, such as never have been seen before. just four years before, they had thrown off the rule of great britain and went through a rocky time with the articles of confederation. but along comes madison, and he
is ready to change things. he is ready to make this totally new kind of nation. he imagined a vast republic where people were sovereign and their fundamental rights respected as nowhere else on earth. now, at that time anyone who was thinking about such matters believed that a vast republic was impossible. a little republic maybe, you know, one where all the citizens were homogenous, a little republic might make it. but one that covered territory as large as the 13 states was sure to be pulled apart by all the interests and ambitions of its many inhabitants. that was the idea. that a vast republic was impossible, and people believed that for a very long time. madison's insight was to perceive that all those
different interests and ambitions that other people have been afraid about that, in fact, those were crucial to a republic's survival clashing viewpoints would keep any one viewpoint even that of a majority from becoming tyrannical. now, it is so stunning to read about someone who changed the way people think and to read further about how important his insight was, how transformative it was, in part, because it brought the idea of a republic down to earth. it didn't require a citizenry of self-effacing angels to make it work. it wouldn't be a place where everyone had to stifle his or her ideas and aspirations for the sake of unity. ordinary people could live there
and pursue their dreams. because of madison, a republic was no longer a distant idea, but something to which people around the world could aspire. bringing the idea of the extended republic to bear at a time when a great nation was to be created was madison's first act of creative genius. but by no means his last. he, more than anyone else, would be responsible for the united states of america as we know it today. his time of great achievement came after years of intense focus, deep concentration, and nearly obsessive effort, behavior that describes most lives of genius from sir isaac newton, to mozart, to einstein's. let me just give a few examples of how hard madison worked in the run-up to the convention in
philadelphia and in the convention itself. first of all, he began an intense study of laws and constitutions. he had been interested in this idea since he was in his 20s. but with books that jefferson shipped him from paris where jefferson was their envoy, he began this really intense study. and a relative staying with the madisons, i'm smiling because virginia is just one big cousinry, i think it was. but he stepped back from this constant socializing that most virginians participated in and started working really hard. a relative who came to see him wrote in his diary that madison came to breakfast at which he ate sparingly, and then would go to his room until a little before dinner. so, while everyone else was riding horses and playing,
other delegates as they arrived, and, in particular, the delegates from virginia. because madison was there early, he brought them all together, and all together they produced the virginia plan, which, as you all know, set the agenda for the constitutional convention. during the convention, madison was one of the delegates who spoke most often. and he made crucial, critical interventions. when the convention was about to write into the constitution that congress had the power, quote, to make war. madison stood up and successfully changed it to "declare war." thus making the president commander in chief. now, if you think about it, we would have not ever done so well, i'm sorry to mention this, but if all the congressmen were in charge of our war, of war, it would not have been successful.
so this was a really important intervention. while he's speaking and understanding how important it is to get the words just right, madison was also taking notes. he sat up at the front of the room and wrote the notes out of who said what in shorthand, and then went back to his room at night and transcribed them. now, i could go on. i could talk about madison's central role in getting the constitution ratified. his working at break-neck speed with hamilton to put out the federalist, a series of essays defending the constitution. madison described this effort as having to get the papers to the printer while the printer's still working on the last ones. he wrote, i think it was 40 essays, in 23 days. i may have those numbers wrong. but it was just an amazing, amazing accomplishment. i can also cite his work as a leader to add the bill of rights
to the constitution. but i think i have made the point that madison's genius, like most genius, was the product of hard work. it was like mozart's and newton's and einstein's genius. 10% inspiration and 90% pirspiration. he was often ill, leading many historians to say he was sickly. you come across that again and again that he was even a hypochondriac. but when he was well, he was very, very well. traveling a thousand miles through new york with lafayette, traveling through that blizzard to new york. indeed, simply getting from montpelier to philadelphia was quite a challenge. his trips were over roads that
wouldn't be called roads today. he often traveled in the rain. i'm struck by how often it was muddy on those roads. and one time it was worse than that. he was forced to dismantle his carriage, take the whole carriage apart, make three trips with it in what he called something like a boat over a swollen pond, and then he had to swim his horses across. so, this is an extraordinary amount of energy to spend if you're sickly. now, it's true that madison had the gastrointestinal problems that plagued almost everyone in the 18th century. this was a time, remember, when people believed that illness was caused by bad air, and doctors didn't wash their hands. but, in addition to the common ailments of the day, madison suffered from what he called sudden attacks, which he
described as somewhat resembling epilepsy and suspending the intellectual functions. madison's most influential biographer described these attacks as epileptoid hysteria. now, he was writing in a time when freud was very intellectual. madison's description fits today's understanding of today's epilepsy. his sudden attacks may well have been complex partial seizures, which leave the affected person conscious but with his or her comprehension and ability to communicate impaired, with the intellectual functions suspended, as madison said. such attacks last just minutes, and may leave the affected person tired and confused for a
short time after. but they are not necessarily disabling. nor do they prevent exertion. madison was lucky enough when terrible things were described -- were prescribed for epilepsy, mercury, for example. madison was lucky enough to encounter doctors who told him to exercise. what a modern thing to think. it's often recommended today for people who suffer from epilepsy. as he rode and walked over the hills of the virginia piedmont, he became fitter, readier to take a thousand-mile journey with lafayette, or to hold high office. now, i find research like this fascinating. i could happily spend days reading 18th century medical manuals. they make me feel very lucky that we aren't prescribing those same remedies today. but when you're writing a book, you have to ask yourself, is it what you're doing important?
does it offer insight into the person you're writing about? and in madison's case, i believe it does. a hypochondriac or someone given to hysterical episodes is quite different from someone who has an identifiable ailment and manages to achieve greatly in spite of it. understanding madison's ailment also explains certain things he did and didn't do. he wanted to be a soldier, as the revolution was coming on. he wanted to be a rifleman. and he was a good shot. he told a friend that he could hit an 8-inch target at the distance of a hundred yards, which is the length of a football field. and this is with an 18th century weapon. but, his military career came to a sudden end when during training he suffered what was likely one of his sudden attacks. madison had several chances to go to europe and always turned
them down. i just realized a day or two ago the first five presidents, he was the only one who never set foot out of the united states. medical manuals of the day recommended that people with epilepsy avoid deep water, presumably, because a seizure could cause you to fall overboard and drown. thus, when jefferson suggested that madison visit him in france, madison declined. writing to jefferson that he had, quote, some reason to suspect that crossing the sea would be unfriendly to a singular disease of my constitution. madison was a lifelong defender of religious freedom. and when we try to answer the question at this lecture series proposes how has the past influenced the present, it's his battle for religious freedom that i always think of, the
constitution was absolutely essential. that's sort of the ground floor. but despite for religious freedom, was inspired, in part, by the treatment of baptists that he witnessed in virginia when he was a young man. they were arrested, charged with preaching without a license, and thrown in jail by people subscribing to what madison called that diabolic hell conceived principle of persecution. at age 22, in a note as angry as anything he ever wrote, he declared, religious bondage, shackles dehabilitates the mind and unfits it for every noble enterprise. he spoke to a man who knew this probably because he had experienced it first hand. the standard religious view of the time was that people with
epilepsy were lunatics, they were called that. they were, by the most orthodox religious people, that they were unclean, sinful, and even possessed by the devil. it's easy to understand madison being indignant about such notions and determined to free people from having to exceed to them. he worked with his lifelong friend thomas jefferson. they worked together in this cause. and one of their proudest achievements is the virginia statute for religious freedom. if you have been to mont cello, you know, it's one of the three accomplishments that jefferson put on the sinataf over his grave. jefferson was the author of the statute. and he declared that neither religious nor political leaders had any dominion over the faith of others. punishing people for their
religious beliefs or declaring them unworthy of public office was depriving them of advantages to which they had a natural right. our civil rights, jefferson wrote, have no dependence on our religious opinions any more than our opinions in physics or geometry. now, again, madison and jefferson were on the frontier of thought here. it had long been believed that there should be an established church in the anglican church in the case of virginia, and that religious conformity had to be imposed. but madison and jefferson saw it differently. now, the statute failed to pass when they first tried to get it through the virginia assembly. then jefferson went off to paris for five years. and while he was gone, madison, who was the sharpest politician among the founders, he saw an
opportunity, and he got it passed. he wrote an ex-ultant letter to jefferson in which he declared that the statute had extinguished forever the ambitious hope of making laws for the human mind. madison's high regard for this statute has been shared by generations. martin marty, who was a much admired theologian called the statute an epochal shift in the western world's relations between the civil and religious fears. by dividing them with the state on one hand and the church on the other, the virginia statute is, in martin marty's words, a hinge between the ages. i think sometimes when we're on this side of the change that the founders accomplished, it's hard to realize it because they have become so much a part of our lives. well, madison made many
decisions. but perhaps the wisest was to marry dolley payne todd. he was out walking on a spring day in 1794 when he caught sight of her and was instantly smitten. this happened regularly to men who saw dolley. she was nearly 5'8", a shapely figure. she had black hair, blue eyes, and a startling pale complexion, which she had learn to shield from the virginia sun. she came from a quaker family, which had not, for her, been a good fit. [ laughter ] she was inclined for the gaeities of the world, one quaker woman wrote. and this is my favorite story. a quaker mate ron recall that during an effort to convince dolley of the seriousness of life, the young girl first smiled and then afterward fell fast asleep. [ laughter ] the 26-year-old dolley was
recently widowed. her husband john had died in a yellow fever epidemic the year before madison saw her. and so had her 3-month-old baby, leaving her with a son who was 2, and his name was payne todd. madison, who was 43. now, dolley's 26 and madison's 43, turned aaron burr -- this is sort of the one big cousinry thing, even when you're not related in the 18th century united states, everybody knew everybody. he turned to aaron burr because he and burr had gone to princeton together. he arranged an introduction. dolley was thrilled at the prospect. she wrote to a friend, thou must come to see me. aaron burr is bringing -- i love this line, the great little madison, to see me this evening. [ laughter ] dolley wore mulberry satin and
yellow glass beads to greet james in her parlor. and four months later they were married. now, i am of the conviction that political wives, political spouses, generally, can't really do much to help their husbands or wives' careers. it's a good thing if a political spouse behaves herself or himself and stays out of trouble. but as a general rule, unless they are rich, political spouses don't do much to forward their spouse's ambitions. now, of course, for every rule there is an exception, and in this case, as you'll guess, it was dolley. she had an artless way of entertaining, or it seemed artless. she invited women as well as men to their house on f street in the new city of washington. she included federalists as well as republicans. while james was chatting with one or two guests, dolley was
talking to everyone. as one guest reported, she was very amiable and exceedingly pleasant in conversation. she also which was an advantage. she particularly liked to serve ham surrounded by mashed cabbage. now, a spouse could entertain this way today, or at least some spouses and dick will be glad to tell you i have not mastered the art of cooking. he likes to say that during the first couple of years of our marriage, i pretended as though i knew how to cook, and he pretended as though he liked it. but entertaining fellow officeholders, which is basically what dolly was doing, is not an effective thing to do today. it's not important in the way it used to be. in madison's day, republican office holders decided who the
republican nominee for president would be. now generally speaking, the life of a congressman in the 18th century in the new city of washington was pretty miserable. there was nothing to do besides go to your boarding house, where the other congressmen lived. well, there were a few things. there was one place, i puzzled over this for a very long time, where you could go and watch rope dancers. now, i wondered what that could be. i think, i think i have concluded it was people on a tight rope. that's my best thought. but the congressmen as i said ate and slept in boarding houses on capitol hill and one member described it as living like bears. brutalized and stupefied from hearing nothing but politics morning to night. all of this made an evening at the madison house particularly welcome, and it shined a light
on madison's warmth and personable side. he became the nominee for president in 1808, was sworn into office in 1809, and moved into the white house with the remarkable dolly. she had open house every wednesday, anybody could come, and she seemed to understand that she was part of the entertainment. her choice of dramatic clothes never failed to impress. one outfit that i'm particularly struck by was a robe of pink satin, trimmed with ermen, of white and velvet satin turban with ostrich plumes and a crescent in front, gold chains around the waist and wrists. she was probably two, maybe three inches taller than james, without a turban, but this outfit probably made her a foot taller. and she didn't seem to mind and neither did he.
but the idyllic time did not last. the british were at war with france and decided it would help them if they shut down u.s. trade with france, and they needed more sailors. so they started stopping american ships and taking off board, putting into their navy anybody they suspected of not being an american. now, because of course, many people in the united states had come from england, they were often taking american citizens. i heard that, i read some place that one of the devices for deciding whether you were an american or not was to ask you to say the word peas. and if anyone said "pays," they took them right away. now the idea of citizening being seized was of course very very objectionable and in june of 1812, congress declared war.
and madison became the first president to carry the nation into war under the constitution. now, we often hear about the glorious victories at sea in that war. such as the constrict victory of the sus constitution, the 18 pound ball that the british ship gurier fired at the constitution seemed to bounce off its side, which would lead to the ship being called old ironsides. within 30 minutes of trying to take down the constitution, the british surrendered. but there were humiliating losses on land. and then the biggest humiliation of all, the british marched on washington and burned it. now, you can still see the burn marks in the capitol of the united states, as well as in the white house. but i happen to be in the capitol with queen elizabeth when she was visiting the united states, and we were being toured
around by really excellent guides, and this guide pointed out, right here, you can see where the evidence of the british having burned the white house, here were some big, big pieces of wood and they had ash on them. and queen elizabeth, i'll never forget, said, well, you did the same thing to york. now, york is toronto today. and indeed, we had set some fires in york, so the british have not quite gotten over this. is john here? so there were these humiliating losses on land, but that's not where the war ended. madison sent a peace mission to gent and it succeeded to bringing the war it a close. and then andrew jackson won a great victory over the british at the battle of new orleans. it is sometimes said that jackson's victory didn't mean anything since the treaty had
been signed but to the contrary, it showed that the united states could be as powerful on land as well as at sea. the war also showed that free speech could survive in war time. despite being sorely tried by americans who condemned the war and even talked of secession, madison never wavered in his commitment to free speech. he proved that a republic could defend itself and remain a republic still. perhaps the highest praise that madison received came from john adams, who had not admired virginia. madison's administration, adams wrote, acquired more glory and established more union than all three of his predecessors, washington, adams, and jefferson put together. what a wonderful compliment.
i was thinking that you might like to know a little bit about some of the people that i fell obliged to leave out of this speech, since it would have gone on and on forever. and one of the people, these are women for the most part, though not always, they do tend to get pushed a little bit aside in the history of the early republic, but one of the women was madison's grandmother. her name was francis madison. and i first became interested in her because of a note she wrote when madison was a child, and they were all living together. her note looked like a shopping list, and at the top of it, it said for an epilepsy. the 18th century medical books that i so much enjoy taught me that some of the items on her list, gin geng root, saffron, camphor were thought to be good for breaking a fever which suggests that madison may have had fever-related seizures as a
child. they are not regarded as epilepsy today, but can be part of a syndrome, febrile seizures as a child, epileptic seizures as an adult. frances was quite a woman. and the more i learned about her, the more interesting i found her. she and her husband were the first to move, the first of their family to move to the virginia piedmont. and not long after they moved there, it was the frontier, he died, poisoned by a slave, the records say, and running the plantation fell to her. she had to learn the details of growing tobacco. when the plant, to seed, when to move the plant, when to top them, when to remove the leave, how long to cure them and when the time came to pack the tobacco into hog's heads for transport to market, frances carved her name on each one of the barrels. this is a remarkable instance of
a woman forwarding herself, and she should have. she had made the tobacco in those barrels. her orders from london merchants were what might be expected from a tobacco grower, she ordered axes, a high barometer, a pair of boots, but while she did the work of a man on the virginia frontier, she also upheld herera's standards of womanhood. fabric for dresses was among her orders, as were two good stays, that means corsets, size small. now, i may be more interested in grandmothers than i be, but as i say, frances was quite a woman. another woman, i'm not sure i would call her quite a woman, but she was important to history, her name is kitty foy. now, kitty was 15 years old, a
round-faced young woman, she lived with her family, in the same boarding house that madison and jefferson did. and madison, 31, now notice that, 31, fell in love. now i shouldn't make too much of the age difference, because in the 18th century, 15 or 16, as kitty was about to be, was considered a perfect age to marry. so madison, 31, fell in love with her. this was 1783. when 15 was considered quite a marriageable age. and madison wanted to marry her. jefferson took up his cause. and i love the idea of these two friends interacting this way, he went to talk to kitty, and to play up madison's case, and he wrote to madison and said, i think i've got it fixed. well, it turned out not. you know, jefferson was always the optimist. kitty had seemed amenable but then she and her family traveled to new jersey, and madison waited to hear from her, about the upcoming wedding, and he
didn't hear, and he didn't hear, until finally he got a dear john letter. he poured his hurt and his heart out to jefferson, who gave him great advice. he told him, the world will present many other resources of happiness. and you possess many within yourself. then this is my favorite. firmness of mind and unintermittenting occupations will not long leave new pain. in other words, throw yourself into your work and that is exactly what madison did. kitty went on to marry a medical student. his name was william clarkson and he later became a clerg iman, and kitty was a spendthrift. in a will, her father wrote, that he had given kitty and her husband considerable sums of money, and a tract of land, but the father complained, all is spent and gone.
he ordered his son nicholas, having cut her out of his will, he ordered his son nicholas to give her $70 a month. now, it's quite possible to think that as disappointed as madison was, posterity was the better offer the breakup. he was about to enter the most consequential years of his life and they were lonelier without kitty and they were probably more productive. and if you will pardon me, for reading history backwards, i would also like to observe that had madison married kitty floyd, there would have been no dolly madison. so i've done my best to get the women into the story. and they have fascinating stories as well. but i just want to thank all of you for being here today. thank guy again. cat emhoff, who is the president of montpelier is here with us
today and i appreciate all of the great things that have been done to montpelier and i would recommend you visit it and see the evolution, marrian scott dupont, or maybe it is marian due spont spot, in any case, a very wealthy woman, married to randolph scott for a while, but montpelier and enlarged it and covered it with pink stucco, so the challenge that montpelier has been to get it back to what it might have looked like, to what it looked like when the madisons were here and the effort has been remarkable. so thank you, montpelier. thank you gay, for arranging this, and thank you all for being here. [ applause ] weeknights this month, we're featuring american history tv
programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on c-span3. former vice president and u.s. senator walter mondale died on april 19th at the age of 93. tonight, we start a night of programs featuring mr. mondale, with a conversation from 2015, with former president jimmy carter. this was part of a tribute to mr. mondale, hosted by the university of minnesota's humphrey school of public affairs. watch tonight, beginning at 8:00 p.m. eastern. and enjoy american history tv every weekend, on c-span3.
the constitutional convention began in 1787, in philadelphia. virginians james madison and george mason found themselves on opposing sides regarding key components of the document. next, a re-enactment of a debate between the two men, as they argue about issues from the bill of rights, to slavery. hosted by the colonial williamsburg foundation, this is an hour. well, hello. and welcome to the great constitutional debate, right here at colonial williamsburg. my name is stuart harris and i teach constitutional law at lincoln memorial university in knoxville, tennessee. today we have a real treat for you. we are going back to the time when the constitution was ratified and we're going to talk | <urn:uuid:4f9c99f2-bd32-4fad-97ab-901cd46c1504> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aps.org.wstub.archive.org/details/CSPAN3_20210430_181300_President_James_Madisons_Life__Career/start/1324/end/1384?q=virginia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.988869 | 8,917 | 2.09375 | 2 |
As parents, we hear a lot these days about the importance of helping our children to become “resilient,” which is often described as the ability to “bounce back” from adversity.
“Resilience is not necessarily doing wonderfully. That’s competence,” says Sir Michael Rutter, a pioneer in resilience research. “Resilience is doing better in relation to bad experiences than other people with similar bad experiences.”
To understand what this entails, we can look at studies that attempt to differentiate between resilient and non-resilient children.
According to one qualitative Australian study that examined 71 “at risk” children to observe their coping mechanisms at home, in school, and in the wider community, these were the findings:
- At home, resilient students were more likely to report discussing problems with family members, and being encouraged to face up to difficulties. Non-resilient students tended to adopt a victim mentality, which was often modelled on how other family members reacted to adversity. For example, failures were either excused on blamed on others.
- Resilient respondents tended to have responsibilities to carry out for the good of the family, whereas non-resilient respondents reported that they had been given responsibilities, but there was little supervision to ensure that they were actually performing their duties.
- Concerning school, resilient students often spoke of their personal achievements with pride. Conversely, many non-resilient students claimed their teachers “picked on them,” ignored them, or favoured those “who were good at stuff.”
- Compared to non-resilient students, more resilient students reported a sense of belonging to people outside the family, such as peer groups and sports clubs.
- Non-resilient students were more likely to claim they “just couldn’t do” certain school subjects; they were also less likely to take steps to improve their situation.
- Resilient students held a positive view about the future, with definite plans, whereas non-resilient students viewed the future with more apprehension, and had fewer and humbler ambitions.
What’s This Thing Called “Resilience?”
Why are some people more resilient than others? While personality, genetics, and hormonal differences may play a role, these are not the only factors that determine resilience. For instance, one study suggests that two other factors affect one’s ability to be resilient — mastery and social support.
Mastery refers to one’s sense of personal control over life’s circumstances, and in a related study, individuals with higher perceived mastery experienced better health, greater life satisfaction, and fewer depressive symptoms, regardless of their socioeconomic class.
The quality of one’s social support network can either contribute to one’s psychiatric disorders or ease it. For example, if one is suffering from personal trauma, receiving unreceptive and critical responses from family, friends, or coworkers could have a negative impact. Positive and encouraging responses, on the other hand, will have the opposite effect.
“It’s not just about individuals,” explains Kerry Ressler, a psychiatry and behavioural sciences professor at Emory University in the US. “One of the reasons why resilience is complex is because there are different levels of cultural, biological, and social factors. To teach children how to become more resilient, you have to teach their parents how to parent well. The degree to which your family, organisation, or even the entire society is resilient, all affects your own individual resilience, whether you are aware of it or not.”
Strategies For Building Resilience
“Parents can play a vital role in helping their children develop the mindset of a champion.” This is the message that Steven Kuan, a family life educator, hopes to bring across to parents.
In daily life, your child may encounter stressful situations. This is part and parcel of life, and children do need some stress in their lives, so that they can learn to cope better with unexpected challenges in the future.
Instead of trying to cushion the blows for your child, you can change your child’s perspective and help him or her to see setbacks as learning opportunities. This helps your child to develop a “natural immunity” to stress.
According to Kuan, these are some strategies that you can use when supporting your child through a setback
1. Dealing with rejection
The lesson for your child is that sometimes, you won’t get what you want in life. The question is, what can you do about it?
Invite your child to consider other options with an open mind, such as an opportunity to try something new or different. Empower your child to make his or her own decisions, bearing in mind that your child’s perspective could be vastly different from yours.
Kuan cited the example of his own daughter, who had to choose an alternate co-curricular activity because she was unable to gain entry to the activities of her choice. He guided her to handle her disappointment and move on. As they discussed the remaining options, he was of the opinion that the Red Cross would provide an opportunity to learn practical skills such as first aid, but his daughter rejected it as she did not like the white uniform, and was squeamish about performing CPR. He did not interfere with her final decision.
2. Dealing with conflict
If your child is embroiled in a dispute with friends, and is upset about something they said, you can first help your child to deal with his or her emotions.
These are some questions you can ask:
- What is making you upset, hurt, or angry?
- Your friends have said this about you. Do you agree with what they have said? Is there any evidence that it is true? Is it always true, or just sometimes?
- What could you have done differently?
- Is there anything you can do to improve the situation?
- Is there a more positive way to view this situation?
Teach your child some empowering coping statements, such as:
- I didn’t like his tone, but there was some truth to his feedback and I’ll use it to improve myself.
- I can’t control what others think or do, but I can control my own thoughts and actions.
- I want them to like me, but I will let go of what I can’t control.
- Though I have made a mistake this time, I can do better in future.
3. Dealing with limitations
If your child has a condition that he or she has to live and cope with, the message to your child should be that “Yes, it will take work to overcome this, but it can be done.”
Don’t let the condition prevent your child from trying something new. Instead, redefine the goalposts to celebrate small successes for your child. If your child has a physical condition and wishes to participate in a race, success would be the ability to complete the race. If your child has a learning disability, any improvement in his or her marks should be celebrated, even if he or she is still receiving a failing grade.
Expose your child to inspirational individuals such as motivational speaker and author Nick Vujicic, who was born without limbs and yet manages to lead a full life, letting his personality shine through.
“I believe the biggest disability is fear — fear of what people think of you, fear of the future, the fear of the past in finding your future. And I don’t want fear to define anything in my life,” says Vujicic. “I swim, I golf, I fish, I surf, I scuba dive, and I’ve done skydiving with my wife as well. So even if you can’t see hope today, it doesn’t mean it’s not there. You must decide to stay. You must decide to give your broken pieces a chance.” | <urn:uuid:4992dd24-8614-4cee-8eff-d0cf64dbebc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kiasuparents.com/kiasu/article/is-your-parenting-style-creating-winners-or-whiners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.974442 | 1,683 | 3.328125 | 3 |
A wood-look floor that is cool in summer and warm in winter | by Francesco Gerardi
Article published in: "Wood-look tiles in interior design"
Underfloor heating – also known as in-floor heating or radiant floor heating – is often considered a very recent innovation, but as some people may remember it was already in use in the period between the 1950s and 1970s. The main difference between the modern-day system and its predecessor lies not so much in the concept as in its greater efficiency due to the enormous technological advances that have been made in the intervening years. So let’s take a look at the details of the system and the advantages it offers. The basic concept involves installing the heating system underneath the floor and to use insulating panels to ensure that heat is diffused upwards uniformly. There are essentially two types of underfloor heating system: hydronic systems in which water flows through closed-circuit pipes; and electrical resistance elements. The former solution is the most widely used, with the water heated by various methods including boilers, heat pumps and photovoltaic and solar panels.
So what advantages does this system offer with respect to traditional radiators? Firstly, underfloor heating is able to diffuse heat much more uniformly throughout the house, unlike the situation that frequently occurs with conventional wall-mounted radiators where the area around the radiator itself is very warm but areas further away remain cold. But it also has economic and environmental advantages: because the system operates with water at a much lower water temperature than with wall-mounted radiators, it achieves significant energy savings and an overall cost reduction of up to 35%. However the advantages will only be felt in the long term due to the higher initial purchase costs (as much as 50% higher). Another advantage is the fact that a system of this kind can easily be converted into a cooling system simply by supplying cool rather than warm water. This allows for ambient cooling without the need for an air conditioner. It also eliminates the dust and mites that tend to accumulate around wall-mounted radiators.
Finally, a word of mention should go to the best choice of floor covering with this kind of heating system. While a system like the one we have described can be installed without difficulty under any kind of material, the superior thermal conductivity of ceramic tile to that of other materials makes it possible to enjoy all the advantages of this material without the sensation of “coldness” of ceramic surfaces being a problem. Installing an underfloor heating system underneath a ceramic tiled floor produces a surface that adapts perfectly to all seasons and all climates – cool in summer and warm in winter. | <urn:uuid:26e26da5-3f38-426a-b0a1-59962663631c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ceramica.info/en/articoli/wood-look-floor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969335 | 540 | 2.453125 | 2 |
The problem of periodization. The role of the Middle English Period in the history of English language.
The influence of the Scandinavian invasions.
The Norman Conquest.
Early Middle English dialects. Neighborhood of three languages in England.
Written records of the M. E. P.
Late M. E. P.
Development of English dialects and the rise of London dialect.
The historical development of a language is a continuous, uninterrupted process without sudden breaks or rapid transformations. Therefore any periodisation imposed on language history by linguists, with precise dates, might appear artificial. There are some periodizations of the history of English language. The author of the first scientific historical phonetic and grammar of En. Language. H. Sweet suggested the periodization that corresponds to the morphological structure of different centures. He called the Old English Period – ‘The period of full endings ‘, the M. E. P. – ‘The period of reduced endings’ , the New En. P. – ‘The period of lost endings.’ But this periodization is not full because it is not quite right to devide the logical features, but phonological or syntactical ones (they were not mentioned in the periodization.) So, thus I consider that any periodization is based on some principles, but can’t touch all the sides of the language.
One of the prominent and well-known English scientists Henry Sweet worked out several periodisations of the history of English language. He suggested to single out the period of transition and to subdivide the transitional stage between the Old and the Middle English Periods cover 1100-1200. H. Sweet reckoned 1200 to be the limning of the Middle English based on morphological phenomena the Middle English Period is considered to le the Period of Levelled English.
Another periodization is extralinguistical. It’s based on the historical events, which influenced on the English language. I must notice that this one is the most traditional. The commonly accepted traditional periodization divides English language history into three periods: Old English, Middle English and New English with boundaries attached to definite dates and historical effects affecting the language. Old English is connected with the German settle in Britain (5th century) and with the beginning of writing (7th century) and ends with the Norman Conquest (1066). Middle English begins with Norman Conquest end ends on the introduction of printing (1475). The Middle English period itself may be also divided into two smaller ones – Early Middle English and Late Middle English.
Early Middle English covers the main events of the 14th century. It is the stage of greatest dialectal divergence caused by the feudal system and by foreign influences-Scandinavian and French. The dialectal division of present-day English owes its origin to this period of history. Great changes of the language took place at all the levels, especially in lexis and grammar.
Later 14th till the end of the 15th century is a time known as Late or Classical Middle English. This period umbra’s the age of Chaucer, the greatest English medieval writer and forerunner of the English Renaissanu, and is characterized by restoration of English to the position of the state and literary language and by literary flourishing, which has a stabilizing effect on language, so that the rate of linguistic changes was slowed down. At the same time the written forms of the language developed and improved.
The Old English period in the history of the language corresponds to the position of the state and literary language corresponds to the transitional stage from the slave-owning and tribal system to the feudal system in the history of Britain. In the 11th century feudalism was already well established. According to a survey made in the late 11th c. slaves and freemen were declining classes. The majority of the agricultural population (and also of the total population, which amounted to about 2.000.000 people) was bound to their lord and land. Under natural economy, characteristre of feudalism, most of the things needed for the life of the lord and the villain were produced on the estate. Feudal manors were separated from their neighbors by tells, local feuds, and various restrictions concerning settlement, traveling and employment. These historical conditions produced a certain influence on the development of the language.
In Early M.E. the differences between the regional dialects grew. Never in history, before or after, was the historical background more favorable for dialectal differentiation. The main is the dialectal division in England, which survived in later ages with some slight modification of the feudal stage of British history.
In the age poor communication dialect boundaries often coincided with geographical barriers such as rivers, mashes, forests, and mountains, as these barriers would hinder the diffusion of linguistic features.
Реферат опубликован: 7/05/2009 | <urn:uuid:2aa54671-d3ba-4439-b24f-8a7ef4c65c1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.refine.com.ru/pageid-1066-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941088 | 1,034 | 3.796875 | 4 |
In 1969, approximately 50% of U.S. schoolchildren bicycled or walked to school. Today, that number is fewer than 15 percent. As a result, kids today are less active, less independent and less healthy. Programs like Safe Routes to School have a wealth of information to help parents and teachers form healthier, more active and safer kids while walking or bicycling to school.
Pedestrian Safer Journey – Pedestrian safety education videos and resources designed specifically for kids ages 5-9, 10-14 or 15-18.
In 2010, Dakota County partnered with the Minnesota Department of Health and Independent School District (ISD) 196 to create specific Safe Routes to School plans for each of the 4 public schools in Rosemount. | <urn:uuid:34b1444e-413a-4c1d-960b-f9b19cad9349> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rosemountmn.gov/461/Safe-Routes-to-School | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94305 | 154 | 3.234375 | 3 |
What do I need to know?
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life. In the past years, pandemic developments and safety measures also affected our jobs, as many companies had to close temporarily or switch to short-time work ("Kurzarbeit"). The labour market has recently recovered to some extent, yet Coronavirus continues to cause myriad difficulties.
Nevertheless, COVID restrictions are being lifted in Germany - also at workplaces. However, the so-called “basic protection measures” should continue to apply in workplaces until May 25, 2022. Here, you can learn more about the current measures and your rights and options as an employee during the COVID-19 pandemic. You can learn about state aids for employees, students, the self-employed and families in our chapter “Coronavirus: State Aids”.
What do I need to know?
So far, the law has stipulated which measures companies must implement to protect their employees. Since March 20, 2022, companies should decide and implement their own protective measures. That means that your employer independently determines which regulations are necessary for safeguarding employees' health and wellbeing.
For example, employers should decide whether there is a safe distance between people in the workplace (also in break rooms) or whether wearing masks must be obligatory.
Employers can provide their employees with free medical masks, but they do not have to do so. Your employer can also decide whether they want to provide you with cost-free COVID rapid tests. If they do not, keep in mind that you can benefit from the so-called “Bürger-Tests” in COVID test centres- these tests are still available free of charge. You can find out more about COVID tests in our "Coronavirus" chapter.
Employers are still obliged to inform employees about the coronavirus infection and vaccination options. They must also enable you to attend the vaccination appointment during working hours. Talk to your superior and inquire about feasible health-related measures. Sometimes, measures such as remote work are regulated in company or works agreements. If your employer ignores employees' safety and well-being, speak to the Works' Council in your company or inform your local Health Office (“Gesundheitsamt”). You can find your local Health Office via Behördenwegweiser.
Your employer decides which protective measures and rules are necessary - you can ask them which regulations apply at your workplace. They must adapt the workplace regulations to the situation at your workplace and the rates of COVID infection in the company and region.
The 3G rule previously required by law in the workplaces is no longer applicable. However, since the companies decide independently which protective measures and regulations are necessary, the 3G rule may still be enforced in your workplace. Ask your manager to make sure which measures apply at your workplace.
In addition, employers can continue to permit their employees to work from home. However, the home office obligation does not apply anymore.
Employees in hospitals and retirement and nursing homes must be vaccinated against COVID-19. They also need to continue to wear a medical mask at work. A test requirement can also be reintroduced at such workplaces.
People working at daycare facilities, schools, hospitals and nursing homes have the obligation to inform employers about their vaccination status.
The following applies to all other employees: If you have to go into quarantine, your employer can ask about your vaccination status because they have to determine whether you are entitled to continue to receive wages during your quarantine period or not. You can check out the section "Will I get paid if I'm quarantined?" for more information.
For employees of hospitals, nursing homes, medical practices and other facilities providing services to vulnerable people, vaccination against COVID-19 is mandatory.
If you are infected with Corona at your workplace, the employer's liability insurance association or accident insurance company must be informed immediately. Your illness can only be recognised as an occupational accident or illness only if the employer's liability insurance association or the accident insurance company has been informed in due time. This is crucial because the medical treatment and financial support you receive for (recognised) accidents at work and occupational diseases is much better than what you will be provided by your statutory health insurance.
If you suspect that you got infected with Coronavirus at work, you should let your employer know. Your employer must then inform the trade association (“Berufsgenossenschaft ”) or (“Unfallkasse”) the accident insurance company. If your employer does not take this step, you can contact the company doctor or a “Durchgangsarzt”, i.e. doctors specialised in work accidents/illnesses. You can find the address of these doctors in your area from your professional association. Alternatively, you can report your illness yourself directly to the employer’s liability insurance association or accident insurance company. All you need to do is write an email or a letter with the following sentence to the responsible trade association or accident insurance company: „Ich beantrage die Anerkennung meiner während der Tätigkeit erworbenen Infektion mit Covid-19 als Berufskrankheit“ ("I apply for recognition of my infection with Covid-19 during work as an occupational disease".) You need to send this notification as soon as possible.
As soon as the report arrives at the employers' liability insurance association or the accident insurance company, they will check whether your illness can be recognised as an occupational accident or disease. In order to prove that you have become infected at work, you can, for example, prove that colleagues, customers or patients with whom you had been working are also infected with Coronavirus.
You can learn more (in German, Arabic, English, Turkish, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Polish and Romanian) on the website of verdi. If you need help with the notification letter/email, you can also contact your Works council or a counselling centre of "Faire Integration". To learn more, check out the section "Where can I find help and support?".
Overtime is when an employee works more than the agreed regular working hours. In principle, employees only have to work overtime if a collective agreement, a firm-level agreement or their employment contract requires them to do so. That means you can reject working extra hours if there are no specified regulations in this regard in your contract and company agreements.
In exceptional situations, however, i.e. at times of disaster and emergency (e.g. flooding in the office), or at times of particular operational necessity (e.g. when the fulfilment of specific tasks on short notice is crucial for the survival of the company and many colleagues are ill and incapable of work), all employees are obliged to work overtime, regardless of their contract or collective agreement.
Whether the overtime is compensated by extra pay or additional free time is often regulated in the employment contract. If according to the employment contract, your overtime work is to be compensated either with wages or with free time, then, your overtime hours may not amount to more than 10% of the contractually agreed working hours. If overtime is not regulated in your employment contract, you will often receive your regular hourly wages for the overtime hours - but only if your superiors have ordered the overtime, and you have documented the overtime work in writing. To do so, you need to write down your overtime and have it signed by your supervisor. Please note: Employees who receive larger salaries (higher than €5800 gross in East Germany and €6500 in West Germany) are not paid extra for overtime.
Please note: Employees who receive larger salaries (higher than €5800 gross in East Germany and €6500 in West Germany) are not paid extra for overtime.
If the daycare centres and schools have to close or operate only for a limited number of days due to the coronavirus pandemic, children stay home the whole day. So, working parents have to find someone to take care of their children during work time.
For parents who are unable to work because they are taking care of their children at home, the following rules apply:
Child sickness benefit:
- The child sickness benefit is usually for parents who are not able to work, as they have to take care of their child who has fallen ill at home. You can find out more about this in our chapter “Sick leave”. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, however, since 2021 the following applies: Parents can also receive child sickness benefits if the facility of their child (daycare, school etc.) is closed due to COVID-19, and they are thus forced to stay home to take care of their child.
- Each parent is eligible for up to 30 days of child sickness benefits per child as of 2022. Single-parents are eligible to receive up to 60 days of child sickness benefits. If there are several children, each parent can receive child sickness benefits for a maximum of 65 working days- and single parents for a maximum of 130 working days.
- Child sickness benefits amount to about 90% of your net income.
- You may apply for child sickness benefits directly with your health insurance. To do so, you need a document from your child’s school or day care in which the facility’s closure is confirmed.
- This regulation is valid for everyone who has public health insurance, as well as civil servants. It is not applicable for people with part-time employment in the form of a “mini job” or people with private health insurance. To find out more about health insurance in Germany, please read our chapter “Health Insurance”.
- Parents who are not able to work due to closed schools, daycare etc. and are therefore earning less or nothing are eligible for monetary compensation according to section 56 of the Infection Protection Act.
- Compensation amounts to 67% of net income or a maximum of €2,016 and is paid over the course of 10 weeks maximum. Important: Each parent can receive compensation for up to 10 weeks. Single-parents are eligible for compensation for up to 20 weeks.
- You can receive the mentioned compensation if you meet the following requirements: 1) Your child is under the age of 12 or needs care because of a disability. 2)There is no one else available in your household to look after your child. 3) You have already balanced your overtime. Please note: You do not have to use up your entire annual holiday beforehand. However, you must take your holiday from the previous year as well as any holiday that has already been requested and approved beforehand.
- The employer applies for compensation on behalf of the employees. The self-employed must contact the Health Office responsible. You can find the proper Health Office at Behördenwegweiser.
- You can read more (in German) at ifsg-online.de.
An employer is obliged to send you home when you are sick. You will continue receiving wages while sick. You can learn more about missing work during illness in our chapter “Sick Leave”. If an employer decides to send fit and ready-to-work personnel home as a precautionary measure, he/she remains obliged to pay the wages. When that is the case, the employee does not have to make up for lost working hours.
No. The employee is solely responsible for finding a way to get to the place of work.
Quarantine means that the responsible health authority orders you not to leave your home. This can happen when you are considered to put others at risk of infection- i.e., if you have had contact with an infected individual. The following rules apply if you are quarantined and unable to work remotely:
- If you are not vaccinated against Coronavirus (or have not received your booster shot in due time), you will not receive wages or sick leave compensation if you have to go into a quarantine.
People who cannot get vaccinated due to health conditions are exempt from this regulation.
- If you have been fully vaccinated against Coronavirus (and received your booster shot in time) and have to self-isolate, your employer will continue to pay your full wages for six weeks. Your employer shall receive compensation from relevant authorities. Starting the seventh week, you will receive sickness benefits ("Krankengeld") instead. You can find out more in our chapter “Sick Leave”.
If you contract COVID-19, you have to self-isolate at home (i.e. go into quarantine), but you will not automatically be issued a sick note (certificate of incapacity to work/” Arbeitsunfähigkeits-Bescheinigung”). You will only have a sick leave if you have symptoms such as fever, cough, exhaustion and alike. If you have no symptoms and can work from home, you have to work despite being infected with the coronavirus. However, if you have no symptoms, but it is not possible for you to work from home, you must not go to work. You will continue to receive your wages, but won’t be on sick leave. For more information about continued payment of salary, ask your workplace. You can also get in touch with your health insurance company and inquire.
Please note: If you have knowingly travelled to a high risk or virus variant region, your employer does not have to pay you a wage for the time you must stay in quarantine - unless you can work from home. Whether you have a right to compensation from the state is currently legally controversial and varies from state to state. It is in your best interest to seek advice for your specific case, for instance, from Faire Integration.
Important: If you are quarantined abroad and cannot work from home, your employer does not have to pay you. When that is the case, you are also not entitled to compensation from the German state.
Yes. When an employee falls ill, he or she is entitled to receive wages despite being unable to work for six weeks. Starting the seventh week, you will start to receive sickness benefit ("Krankengeld"). Learn more in our chapter “Sick Leave”.
If you contract COVID-19, you have to self-isolate at home (i.e. go into quarantine), but you will not automatically be issued a sick note (certificate of incapacity to work/” Arbeitsunfähigkeits-Bescheinigung”). You will only have a sick leave if you have symptoms such as fever, cough, exhaustion and alike. If you have no symptoms and can work from home, you have to work despite being infected with the coronavirus. However, if you have no symptoms, but it is not possible for you to work from home, you must not go to work. You will continue to receive your wages, but won’t be on sick leave. For more information about continued payment of wages, ask your workplace. You can also get in touch with your health insurance company and inquire about sick pay.
If an employer has to temporarily close due to the Coronavirus pandemic, they remain obliged to pay wages if the employees are fit and ready to work. In principle, the missed working hours are not to be made up for later by the employee - unless your contract or collective agreement states otherwise.
However, if a company is closed for longer, "short-time work" or compulsory redundancies may be adopted. You can learn more about “Kurzarbeit” or “short-term work” in the section below. To learn more about dismissal/quitting in Germany, check our chapter “Termination of Employment Contract”.
When your right of residence is dependent on the continuation of your employment and you lose your job, you may have to leave the country. If that is not possible, you will be issued a "Duldung" or tolerated stay permit. You can learn more about this type of stay permit in our chapter "Duldung". Contact the Immigration Office responsible for you to find out more. You can find the proper Immigration Office at bamf.de.
If you have problems with your employer, you can turn to a counselling centre of the “Fair Integration” project. Their employees speak different languages and support you free of charge. You can search for one of their counselling centres nearby at faire-integration.de. The staff there can also recommend a specialised lawyer if you want to take legal action against your employer.
If there is a Works Council in your company, you can also contact them. The Works' council represents the interests of the employees vis-à-vis the employer. For instance, the Works Council ensures that laws and collective agreements are complied with. You should be able to find information about the office hours of your Work's Council, e.g., in the break room or on the office "notice board". You can find out more about Works Councils in Germany in our chapter “Works councils & unions”.
If you are discriminated against because of your origins, nationality, sexual orientation, gender or age, you can contact the Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency. You can reach their employees on Mondays from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. and on Wednesdays and Fridays from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m. by telephone on 030-18555 1855. Alternatively, you can email them to firstname.lastname@example.org. Their staff speak German, English and Arabic.
Please note: You can seek anonymous advice from all the organisations mentioned above. Your supervisors or colleagues will not find out about your complaint if that is what you prefer.
What do I need to know about short-time work (“Kurzarbeit”)?
When the spread of Coronavirus results in limitation or a total halt of the production process, the employers can apply for short-term work or "Kurzarbeit" at the Employment Agency. For employees, "short-time work" either means that their working hours are reduced, or they will have to stop working for the time altogether. The employees, however, remain employed and receive a part of their wages which is known as “Kurzarbeitergeld” or “short-time work benefits”.
According to this scheme, the employees are paid 60 or (if they have children) 67 per cent of their net salary for a period of up to 28 months.
If your working time is reduced by at least 50 per cent, your short-time work benefits will increase by time: After four months of collecting short-time allowance, its amount will rise to equal 70% (or 77%, if you have children) of your net salary. From the 7th month, you will receive 80% (or 87%, if you have children) of your net salary as "Kürzarbeitgeld". Such regulation currently applies until 30 June 2022.
The funds are paid by the Employment Agency in order to avoid redundancies at workplaces.
Employers need to directly apply for short-term work. You can find more information concerning short-time work and other new guidelines on the website of the Federal Employment Agency.
Please note: Receiving short-time work benefits will not negatively affect your prospect of residence In Germany. Your residence permit assumes that you are not allowed to receive any money from the state, but you are now receiving short-time work benefits? You do not need to worry. Your residence permit remains valid.
If your short-time work allowance does not cover your life expenses (rent, food, etc.), you can apply for Unemployment Benefit 2 (ALG 2/„Hartz 4“). Your short-time work allowance is partially offset against unemployment benefit- in principle, however, the combination of short-time work allowance and unemployment benefit provides you with some more funds compared to what you would have without unemployment benefit. You can find out more about unemployment benefits in our chapter "Coronavirus - State aid" in the section „What can I do if I am dismissed or earning little to no income?“.
Yes. You can work on the side while on short-time work. However, the regulations differ for people who already had a part-time job before short-time work and those who started a part-time job after being put on short-time work.
I already had a part-time job before short-time work: You can continue to do your part-time job. The wages from your part-time job are not offset against the short-time work allowance.
I started a part-time job after being put on short-time work: You can take a part-time job, however, the wages of your part-time job will be offset against your short-time work allowance. Exception: Wages from a mini-job are not offset against your short-time work allowance- this exception applies until 30 June 2022.
Please note: You need to present your payslips (from your part-time job to your employer so that your short-time work allowance is calculated correctly.
If you do not have a generally applicable work permit, inquire at the immigration authorities responsible for you whether you can take the part-time job in question. You can find the Immigration Office responsible for you at bamf.de. Many Immigration Offices are currently only open to a limited extent, so make sure you call or write them an email in advance.
Since the Corona crisis, subcontracted workers can also benefit from short-time work allowance. You can find out more about short-time work in the section "What does short-time work (“Kurzarbeit“) mean?" and "How much wages can I receive when on short-time work?".
Please note: Subcontracted workers are also entitled to unemployment benefits. You can find out more about this in the chapter „Coronavirus: State Aid“.
In principle, short-time work does not apply to trainees. The company must first think of other options, e.g. change the curriculum or move you to another department. Only when other options fail can short-time work be arranged for trainees. In that case, you will continue to receive your full training salary for at least six weeks. Only after these six weeks will you receive short-time work benefits. If the short-time allowance is not enough to live on, you can also apply for unemployment benefit 2 (ALG 2 / „Hartz 4“). To learn more check the chapter „Coronavirus: State Aid“.
If you need more comprehensive information about vocational training in times of Coronavirus, check ausbildung.de.
If you suspect that you are infected, contact your doctor or the local Health Department. They can tell you what to do next. Please do not go to the doctor's office before first calling them. Another option is to go to your doctors' office during the visiting hours specifically assigned to COVID patients, given they offer such visiting hours. You can find your local Health Department's contact details on the website of the Robert Koch Institute. | <urn:uuid:d4164a8e-e8a8-49d4-ac90-c9477a525177> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://handbookgermany.de/en/coronavirus-work | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.958588 | 4,871 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Distance from Grenada to Martinique
Distance from Grenada to Martinique is 288 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 179 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Grenada and Martinique is 288 km= 179 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Grenada to Martinique, It takes 0.32 hours to arrive.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||12° 6´ 59.4000'' N |
61° 40´ 44.4000'' W
Grenada Distances to Countries
|Distance from Grenada to Hungary||8,359 km|
|Distance from Grenada to U.S. Virgin Islands||773 km|
|Distance from Grenada to Ghana||6,646 km|
|GPS Coordinates||14° 38´ 29.5080'' N |
61° 1´ 27.0120'' W
Martinique Distances to Countries
|Distance from Liberia to Martinique||5,702 km|
|Distance from Mali to Martinique||6,079 km|
|Distance from Chile to Martinique||5,704 km| | <urn:uuid:8beec206-22da-4179-bb13-8838bbaa3361> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-grenada-to-martinique | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.658877 | 342 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Command centre is developed to be accessible from any connected device inside your network plus can support accessibility through Internet. Can be installed and maintain on our own cloud, on your local premises or in your own cloud (AWS or Azure). Using any of the aforementioned setup connection to the command centre is fast and secure since is developed optimized for local or cloud setup. It is the software that "manages" all the hardware related with anti-drone and provides all the necessary information.
Cyberbox is a small box, at the size of a small network switch, that is used only for small and not demanding environments and installations. This box is hosting the control centre for small installations and is also detecting the unauthorized drones, taking control and making them go away. With cyberbox, is not possible to know the direction that the drone is coming.
The radio antennas are used in more advanced installations since are more powerful than the cyberbox. The best practise is to install minimum four (4) antennas that each one covers 90 degrees (360 degrees in total). The reason is to be able to know the direction that a drone is coming and view the drone on the map in control centre. | <urn:uuid:11fbf8bc-3026-4c2f-aa78-febb0bc707de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fabrabi.com/en/anti-drone/components | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93723 | 239 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The recently released U.S. Treasury Department’s Green Book (the Green Book or the proposals) provides information on the Biden Administration’s tax proposals. This article is part of a series examining the Green Book’s explanations and focuses on many of the items aiming to increase taxes on income of high-income taxpayers (generally those with incomes in excess of $400,000).
The proposed effective implementation date is generally for tax years beginning after 12/31/2021 unless otherwise indicated.
Increase in Top Marginal Tax Rates
The highest tax bracket rate will be increased to 39.6% up from 37%. The highest tax rate bracket kicks in at lower income levels than under existing law.
Note that there is no separate analysis in the Green Book related to the income tax brackets for taxable trusts and estates. Currently, the highest rate for those types of taxpayers begins at $13,050.
Increase in Capital Gain and Dividend Tax Rates for High Income Taxpayers
The tax rate on long-term capital gains and qualifying dividend income is proposed to be increased to 37% up from 20% under existing law (excluding the tax on net investment income of 3.8%). These rates will be assessed on individuals with adjusted gross income that exceeds $500,000 for single taxpayers and $1,000,000 for married taxpayers filing jointly. Including the separate 3.8% tax on net investment income, the combined federal income tax rate on long-term capital gains and dividends will be 40.8%
OBSERVATION: Section 199A qualified business income deduction is not a deduction in arriving at adjusted gross income. Further, in 2022, the Section 461(l) $500,000 excess business loss limitation will again be in place. Net operating losses will be limited to 80% of taxable income. These types of loss limitation provisions have the impact of increasing adjusted gross income and therefore increasing the likelihood of the higher rate applying to gains and dividends.
The Green Book indicates the higher tax rate will apply to “gains” beginning on the date of President’ Biden’s announcement; this is presumably on or around April 28, 2021 (the date of President Biden’s first address to Congress). The Green Book does not separately address when the increased rate will apply to dividend income, but the specific use of the word “gains” may imply that the effective date for dividend taxation will not be until after 12/31/2021 (but again more details are needed).
Effectively Eliminates Deferral of Gain from Like-Kind Exchanges
The proposal would continue to allow the deferral of gain on like-kind exchanges but only up to an aggregate amount of $500,000 for each “taxpayer” ($1 million in the case of married individuals filing a joint return) each year for real property exchanges that qualify as like-kind. Any gains from like-kind exchanges exceeding the maximum deferral during a taxable year would be recognized by the taxpayer in the year the taxpayer transfers the real property subject to the exchange. The proposal would be effective for exchanges completed in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021.
OBSERVATION: This seems to imply that replacement property received in deferred like-kind exchange transactions would need to be closed by the end of the year. Taxpayers contemplating like-kind exchanges in 2021 should plan accordingly and continue to monitor legislative developments.
There is no discussion in the Green Book of how this rule would be implemented and applied to flow-through entities such as partnerships or S Corporations with multiple owners; additional details would be needed.
Broadens the Scope of Net Investment Income Tax (NII) and Self-Employment Tax (SECA) To Include Certain Limited Partners and S Corporation Shareholders
The proposal would (i) ensure that all pass-through business income of high-income taxpayers is subject to either the NIIT or SECA tax, (ii) make the application of SECA to partnership and LLC income more consistent for high-income taxpayers, and (iii) apply SECA to the ordinary business income of high-income nonpassive S corporation owners.
In other words, the proposal is designed to ensure that all trade or business income of high-income taxpayers will be subject to a total of 3.8% tax that is dedicated to the Medicare trust fund either through the NII tax regime or SECA tax regime (combined with the additional Medicare tax).
First, for taxpayers with adjusted gross income in excess of $400,000, the definition of net investment income would be amended to include gross income and gain from any trades or businesses that is not otherwise subject to employment taxes.This would pull-in income that currently is exempt from the NII tax such as the distributive share of S corporation income of shareholder-employee as well as those claiming exemption from the tax as limited partners.
The net investment income tax would be applied to all trade or business income that is not otherwise subject to employment taxes.
Next, limited partners and LLC members treated as limited partners who provide services and materially participate in their partnerships and LLCs would be subject to SECA tax on their distributive shares of partnership or LLC income to the extent that this income exceeds certain threshold amounts (the explanation of which will be saved for a future time).
Finally, S corporation owners who materially participate in the trade or business would be subject to SECA taxes on their distributive shares of the business’s income to the extent that this income exceeds certain threshold amounts.
Material participation standards would apply to individuals who participate in a business in which they have a direct or indirect ownership interest. Taxpayers are usually considered to materially participate in a business if they are involved in it in a regular, continuous, and substantial way (often meaning work for at least 500 hours per year). The statutory exception to SECA tax for limited partners would not exempt a limited partner from SECA tax if the limited partner otherwise materially participated.
Carried Interests Will Be Subject to Ordinary Income Taxation
The proposal would repeal IRC Section 1061 for taxpayers with taxable income (from all sources) in excess of $400,000 and would generally tax as ordinary income a partner’s share of income from an “investment services partnership interest” (ISPI) in an investment partnership, regardless of the character of the income at the partnership level. In addition, the proposal would require partners in such investment partnerships to pay self-employment taxes on such income.
An ISPI means a profits interest held by a person who provides services to an investment partnership (substantially all of its assets are certain securities, real estate, interests in other partnerships, commodities, cash or equivalents, and derivative contracts with respect to those assets).
While there are exceptions, the proposal assumes that gain recognized on the sale of an ISPI would generally be taxed as ordinary income and not as capital gain. This area will require additional guidance and explanation and the Green Book notes that anti-abuse rules may be necessary.
Losses on Working Interests in Oil and Natural Gas Properties Becomes Passive
The exception to passive loss limitations provided for working interests in oil and natural gas properties would be repealed.
Capital Gain Treatment for Coal Royalties Repealed
The treatment of royalties received on the disposition of coal or lignite and that generally qualifies as long-term capital gain under existing law would be repealed. This type of income would be taxed at ordinary income tax rates.
If you have any question on the above topics, please don’t hesitate to reach out to your Schneider Downs tax advisor or contact us at [email protected].
This article is part of a series discussing the Treasury Department’s Green Book Explanation of President Biden’s Tax Proposals.
You’ve heard our thoughts… We’d like to hear yours
The Schneider Downs Our Thoughts On blog exists to create a dialogue on issues that are important to organizations and individuals. While we enjoy sharing our ideas and insights, we’re especially interested in what you may have to say. If you have a question or a comment about this article – or any article from the Our Thoughts On blog – we hope you’ll share it with us. After all, a dialogue is an exchange of ideas, and we’d like to hear from you. Email us at [email protected].
Material discussed is meant for informational purposes only, and it is not to be construed as investment, tax, or legal advice. Please note that individual situations can vary. Therefore, this information should be relied upon when coordinated with individual professional advice. | <urn:uuid:acaca362-65db-481f-9282-d394c2fd6f5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.schneiderdowns.com/our-thoughts-on/2021-increased-taxes-on-high-income-taxpayers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951892 | 1,781 | 1.53125 | 2 |
By DON THOMPSON
Spurred by the slayings of George Floyd and other Black people in police custody across the country, California Gov. Gavin Newsom on Wednesday banned certain chokeholds as he approved several new laws designed to increase oversight of the criminal justice system.
But amid national calls to defund the police, he vetoed a priority bill of reform groups that would have provided state funding for community organizations to take over some police duties in an effort to deescalate confrontations.
Newsom supported the concept of the bill, which passed with near-unanimous bipartisan support, but objected to how it would have been administered.
The veto “is in sharp contrast to his promises to address systemic racism and violence in policing,” said Cat Brooks, co-founder of Anti Police-Terror Project. “Shame on you.”
While she noted that Newsom promised to keep working on the issue with lawmakers next year, “how many lives will we lose between now and then?”
The California bill banning neck holds does not apply to the sort of suffocation that killed Floyd in May in Minneapolis and led to months of protests. Floyd died when a police officer put his knee on Floyd’s neck while he was on the ground.
California’s ban applies to arm-based grips including chokeholds that apply pressure to a person’s windpipe, and to carotid holds, which slow the flow of blood to the brain. The ban on chokeholds and other neck restraints followed an order by Newsom in June discouraging use of the holds.
Under another new law, one that has been years in the making, the state attorney general will be required to investigate fatal police shootings of unarmed civilians.
Newsom acted over the objection of the county sheriffs’ association when he approved a law making it clear that county supervisors can create oversight boards and inspectors general with subpoena powers over independently elected sheriffs. | <urn:uuid:786fe66a-4129-4ca6-bc66-a3e908390a13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sdvoice.info/ban-on-chokeholds-among-california-criminal-justice-reforms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961538 | 406 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Bio-fertilizers: Demand of Agriculture
Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
- *Corresponding Author:
- Nitin Panwar
Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
Tel: +91 9701014770
E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 23/04/2015 Accepted: 25/04/2015 Published: 30/04/2015
Visit for more related articles at Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences
Bio-fertilizer contains microorganisms which advance the sufficient supply of supplements to the host plants and guarantee their legitimate improvement of development and regulation in their physiology. BioFertilizers are eco-accommodating, one of the best current tool for agriculture and are utilized to enhance the fertility, quality and nature of the soil.
Agriculture; Bio-fertilizer; Nitrogen fixation
The overabundance employments of Chemical fertilizers in agriculture are costly with unfriendly impacts on physio-chemical properties of soils [1-3]. Therefore, in the late years a few natural fertilizers have been presented that go about as characteristic stimulators for plant development and improvement. The learning of such characteristic stimulator or microbial inoculums has long history begun with society of little scale fertilizer creation and goes from era to era of farming [4-7].
A particular gathering of this sort of composts incorporates items taking into account plant development advancing microorganisms named bio-fertilizer or 'microbial inoculants' that are planning containing live or inactive cells of effective strains of nitrogen altering, phosphate solubilizing or cellulytic microorganisms [8-13].
Bio-fertilizers are critical segments of incorporated supplements administration in soil, while they assume key part in gainfulness and supportability of soil. With each passing days, these bio-fertilizer supplanting concoction composts because of expense successfully, ecofriendly and renewable wellspring of plant supplements. Bio-fertilizers are known to play various essential parts in soil richness, crop benefit and creation in farming as they are eco amicable and cannot at any expense supplant concoction manures that are crucial for getting greatest product yields [14-18]. A portion of the essential Bio-fertilizers and their parts of in farming are:
Rhizobium - vegetable beneficial interaction
Microscopic organisms of the variety Rhizobium assume a critical part in farming by impelling nitrogen-settling knobs on the bases of vegetables, for example, peas, beans, clover and hay. This beneficial interaction can calm the prerequisites for included nitrogenous manure amid the development of leguminous harvests .
Azotbacter has assumed a useful part in agribusiness as a bio manure for oats and non-vegetable products, other than nitrogen obsession azotbacter produces development promoters, auxin, gibberellins, cytokinin siderophores .
Azospirillum’s plant root association is highlighted: common territory, plant root communication, nitrogen obsession and biosynthesis of plant development hormones. Each of these perspectives is managed in a near manner [21-23].
Cyanobacteria fix nitrogen, which is a crucial supplement for supporting plant development. The cyanobacteria tap the sun's energy aimed at photosynthesis to alter nitrogen from the air and transform it into a product which plants can utilize [24,25].
Conclusion and Future Prospects
Bio-fertilizers lead to soil improvement and are perfect with long haul manageability. Further they are ecofriendly and represent no risk to nature can be supplanted with compound composts.
- Elbanna K, Gamal-Eldin H, Abuzaed E Characterization of Egyptian Fluorescent Rhizosphere Pseudomonad Isolates with High Nematicidal Activity against the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne Incognita. J Biofertil Biopestici (2011) Volume 1, Issue 1.
- McLeod P, Rashid TLaboratory Toxicity Profile of an Organic Formulation of Spinosad against the Eggplant Flea Beetle, EpitrixFuscula Crotch. J Biofertil Biopestici (2011) Volume 2, Issue 1.
- Roy-Bolduc A, Hijri MThe Use of Mycorrhizae to Enhance Phosphorus Uptake: A Way Out the Phosphorus Crisis. J Biofertil Biopestici (2011) Volume 2, Issue 1.
- Zamani S, Sendi JJ, Ghadamyari MEffect of Artemisia Annua L. (Asterales: Asteraceae) Essential Oil on Mortality, Development, Reproduction and Energy Reserves of Plodia Interpunctella (Hübner). (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Biofertil Biopestici (2011) Volume 2, Issue 1.
- Densilin DM, Srinivasan S, Manju P, Sudha SEffect of Individual and Combined Application of Biofertilizers, Inorganic Fertilizer and Vermicompost on the Biochemical Constituents of Chilli (Ns - 1701). J Biofertil Biopestici (2011) Volume 2, Issue 2.
- EL-Shenawy NS, El-Ahmary B, Al-Eisa RAMitigating Effect of Ginger against Oxidative Stress Induced by Atrazine Herbicides in Mice Liver and Kidney. J Biofertil Biopestici (2011) Volume 2, Issue 2.
- Begum N, Sharma B, Pandey RSToxicity Potential and Anti AchE Activity of Some Plant Extracts in Muscadomestica. J Biofertil Biopestici (2011) Volume 2, Issue 2.
- Maiyappan S, Amalraj ELD, Santhosh A, Peter AJIsolation, Evaluation and Formulation of Selected Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Agriculture. J Biofertil Biopestic i (2010) Volume 2, Issue 2.
- Agrawal S, Pathak RKResponse of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism on Quality of Wheat (TriticumAestivum L.) Plant Grown Conventionally in Temperate Climate. J Biofertil Biopestici (2010) Volume 2, Issue 3.
- Maiti DImproving Activity of Native ArbuscularMycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) for Mycorrhizal Benefits in Agriculture: Status and Prospect. J Biofertil Biopestici (2011) Volume 2, Issue 3.
- Pandit NP, Ahmad N, Maheshwari SKVermicomposting Biotechnology: An Eco-Loving Approach for Recycling of Solid Organic Wastes into Valuable Biofertilizers. J Biofertil Biopestici (2012) Volume 3, Issue 1.
- Singh A, Khare A, Singh APUse of Vegetable Oils as Biopesticide in Grain Protection -A Review. J Biofertil Biopestici (2012) Volume 3, Issue 1.
- Alarcón A, Hernández-Cuevas LV, Ferrera-Cerrato R, Franco-Ramírez ADiversity and Agricultural Applications of ArbuscularMycorrhizal Fungi in Mexico. J Biofertil Biopestici (2012) Volume 3, Issue 1.
- Kumar SBiopesticides: A Need for Food and Environmental Safety. J Biofertil Biopestici (2012) Volume 3, Issue 4.
- Balachandar D Biofertilizers– What Next? J Biofertil Biopestici (2012) Volume 3, Issue 4.
- Pindi PK Liquid Microbial Consortium- A Potential Tool for Sustainable Soil Health. J Biofertil Biopestici (2012) Volume 3, Issue 3.
- Brar SK, Kaur S, Dhillon GS, Verma MBiopesticides - Road to Agricultural Recovery. J Biofert Biopest (2012) Volume 3, Issue 3.
- Praveen Kumar G, Desai S, Leo Daniel Amalraj E, Mir Hassan Ahmed SK, Reddy GPlant Growth Promoting Pseudomonas spp. from Diverse Agro-Ecosystems of India for Sorghum bicolor L. J Biofert Biopest (2012) Volume 3, Issue 3.
- Al-shannaf HM, Mead HM, Hassan Sabry AKToxic and Biochemical Effects of Some Bioinsecticides and Igrs on American Bollworm, Helicoverpaarmigera (hüb.) (noctuidae: lepidoptera) in Cotton Fields. J Biofertil Biopestici (2012) Volume 3, Issue 2.
- Vinale FBiopesticides and Biofertilizers Based on Fungal Secondary Metabolites. J Biofertil Biopestici (2014) Volume 5, Issue 1
- Machiavelli, Khurana SMPAn Inoculating Potential of Phosphate-Solubilising Microbes as Biofertlizers. J Biofertil Biopestici (2013) Volume 4, Issue 1.
- Raja N Biopesticides and Biofertilizers: Ecofriendly Sources for Sustainable Agriculture. J Biofertil Biopestici (2013) Volume 4, Issue 1.
- Paul N, Cruz PC, Aguilar EA, Badayos RB, Hafele SEvaluation of Biofertilizers in Cultured Rice. J Biofertil Biopestici (2013) Volume 4, Issue 1
- Messele B, Pant LMEffects of Inoculation of Sinorhizobiumciceri and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Nodulation, Yield and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake of Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) in Shoa Robit Area. J Biofertil Biopestici (2012) Volume 3, Issue 5.
- Raja N Botanicals: Sources for Eco-Friendly Biopesticides. J Biofertil Biopestici (2014) Volume 5, Issue 1. | <urn:uuid:fee1873b-1911-4e82-a927-98b43fa3e238> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rroij.com/open-access/biofertilizers-demand-of-agriculture-.php?aid=73243 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.797022 | 2,270 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Superstorm Sandy pummeled the New York City area on October 29, six days before the marathon. While the storm left almost 100,000 homes damaged or destroyed and 2.2 million residents without power, it did not prompt an immediate cancelation of the race. The scathing criticism started immediately: Runners and the public accused the New York Road Runners, which organizes the race, of being tone-deaf to the suffering throughout the city, and especially on Staten Island, where the marathon starts. Less than 40 hours before the start, Mayor Michael Bloomberg canceled the event. Runners were furious (an estimated 40,000 were already in the city or the tri-state area). The NYRR then made no meaningful public statements in the more than six weeks between cancelation and its announcement regarding options for 2012 registrants—a move that came off as clueless in an age when runners are used to constant communication with races via social media. Here, NYRR CEO Mary Wittenberg acknowledges where the NYRR fell short and how this year's race will be different.
What lessons did the NYRR learn from what happened last year?
To constantly communicate with runners and media, even if it means saying, "We're working on it." We need to overcommunicate with our runners through social media and e-mail. Both before and after the race was canceled, we didn't update enough. We were always waiting until we knew what to share. We went really quiet in a way that's not like us, and when our runners needed us most, they didn't have that flow of conversation.
In what ways do you plan to upgrade communication?
For anything requiring specific attention, we'll send out e-mails, social media posts, and digital alerts. For race day, we'll have an Event Alert System—color-coded flags at the start, finish, and medical stations along the course will communicate course conditions based on weather and other factors (low: green, moderate: yellow, high: red, and extreme: black). All runners should remain alert for directions from race officials. We'll have a hotline number printed on bibs and credentials, and we've deployed an Interactive Response System—when you call and enter a bib number, you'll be informed if your runner passed the finish or is in a medical facility. If it's the latter, you'll be transferred to a person who will direct you to the correct hospital.
Does NYRR plan to communicate more frequently during the year?
We've made great strides: We've hired a Director of Digital and Social Media, a Social Media Manager, and a Director of Runner and Member Services. Our new communication initiatives include the launch of MyNYRR (an online tool that helps runners register for races, find volunteer opportunities, and join classes), a feedback panel for runners to comment on NYRR policies and potential plans, a reinvigorated Facebook community, and improved engagement with club teams.
What type of community outreach has the NYRR done this year to support those affected by Sandy?
In December, we helped runners at the NYRR Ted Corbitt Classic 15-K donate to several Sandy-related charities, and we facilitated donations to Toys for Tots and the NY Cares Coat Drive. In March during the NYC Half weekend, our Run the City program offered discounts to 40 establishments in the Seaport area and lower Manhattan; at the Brooklyn Half in May, we did the same for the Coney Island area. In July, Major League Baseball partnered with us for the MLB All-Star 5-K in Prospect Park, Brooklyn—all net proceeds from that event were donated to charities supporting Sandy relief efforts. And on October 13, NYRR partnered with Staten Island Borough President James Molinaro to support Staten Island Day; the event included the SI Half-Marathon, and NYRR donated net proceeds from the race to Staten Island recovery programs—at least $100,000 [estimated at press time].
Given the Boston bombings, will there be more security this year?
Many prerace events—including the Expo, Opening Ceremony, and Marathon Eve Dinner—will feature bag screening, metal detector screening, and increased video surveillance. There will be explosive-detector dogs at all race-related public events and at bag checkpoints in the Family Reunion and VIP areas. At the start, finish, and across the course, we'll have more private security resources and use explosive-detector canine units.
Can runners access the same areas?
Yes, but runners should expect additional bag inspections and enforcement of prohibited items like hydration backpacks, weight vests, or vests with pockets when accessing the starting village and corrals. Any bags other than the clear, plastic Start Village bag (for items left at the start) and UPS bag (for items transported to the finish) are also prohibited.
Are family meeting areas the same?
Same location, yes. NYRR is working to finalize access procedures.
Are there any restrictions on what spectators in certain areas near the course can carry?
As always, VIPs and spectators can view the marathon finish from the bleachers in Central Park and in Columbus Circle, although all attendees will be subject to bag inspection and limitations on large items (e.g., strollers, luggage, large packages) in those areas.
Are trash cans along the course and in the park going to be modified?
We're addressing this on a case-by-case basis, and implementing the use of transparent receptacles and waste-collection methods where possible.
Will there be specific events held addressing Sandy and Boston?
Yes, but we aren't ready to share details of these plans yet.
For more information about the New York City Marathon, read the Editor's Letter from the November 2013 issue of Runner's World. | <urn:uuid:b09ba0a6-de51-4a79-aab1-cf9e1e77719f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.runnersworld.com/races-places/a20809354/lesson-learned/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950868 | 1,194 | 1.679688 | 2 |
2022: Celebrating Women in Civil Engineering
02 Aug 22
“At the University of Bolton, we take great pride in providing a quality, supportive learning environment for our students.”
Professor George E Holmes DL | President & Vice Chancellor
“...tutors are very supportive and you’re not just a student ID number, at this university you are an individual with a name.”
Ellisse Vernon | BSc (Hons) Adult Nursing
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Categories: Civil Engineering, Postgraduate
Are you a civil engineering professional looking to broaden your technical knowledge or deepen your understanding of specialised civil engineering areas? The MSc Civil Engineering course at the University of Bolton is designed to help ambitious individuals like you enjoy professional and personal development.
Putting your personal growth at the heart of our teaching approach, we can help you reach your potential. Here are just some of the ways focused personal development can enhance your civil engineering career.
Work towards self-improvement
Through personal and professional development programmes like our master’s course, you can gain better self-awareness. By reflecting on your own skills, you can get a clear direction for your training, and ultimately this will lead to self-improvement.
Not only does our course help you develop a wider perspective on the issues facing the industry, but it will give you the tools you need to challenge and enrich your own knowledge. | <urn:uuid:71997103-7f7d-435c-ae1b-5708c9f86d2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bolton.ac.uk/blogs/how-personal-development-benefits-your-civil-engineering-career/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.927787 | 303 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Summer’s already underway and we can feel the temperature rising. The scorching heat may drain your body and affect how you look and feel, but summers also come bearing scrumptious foods that are a blessing for your body and skin. Loading your meals with summer beauty foods can help you get the skin of your dreams. We’ve rounded up some summer foods to stash your kitchen cabinet with for glowing, fabulous skin. Read on to know more...
So berry healthy
Berries are a rare combination of delicious and nutritious. Blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, cherries and raspberries help prevent sun damage and keep skin smooth and supple, thanks to antioxidants and vitamin C present in them.
Green leafy Goodness
Celery and lettuce are filled with sodium, iron, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc and a whole lot of other nutrients. Toss these green leafy veggies in a salad bowl with some tomatoes and zucchini for summer-perfect hydrated skin.
Munch on vitamin C rich-fruits that are abundant during summer-time. Oranges, mandarins, limes and grapefruits are a good source of fibre and low in calories. The citric acid in these fruits reduces bacterial action and pathogens in the skin, leaving it glowing.
A protein-packed cup of yummy frozen yogurt on a hot day can help you get rid of sunburn, acne and give you nourished skin. Filled with lactic acid, vitamins D, B2, B12 and B5, yogurt is a summer staple food that’s great for the skin.
Hydrated skin equals healthy, glowing skin. As melons like honeydew, cantaloupe and watermelon consists of 92% water and vitamins A, B and C, it is a godsend for your summer-affected skin. It rejuvenates the skin, treats eczema and fights signs of ageing. | <urn:uuid:a679b2f1-ba1a-4733-8036-49dd70cae76f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bebeautiful.in/all-things-skin/everyday/5-summer-foods-for-gorgeous-skin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.906764 | 417 | 1.765625 | 2 |
City break (noun): a short holiday spent in a city, such as when on business travel.
Before there was bleisure travel, there was the city break—the short space of leisure time that grants you access to the cultural and culinary amenities that big cities offer. In this series from TripIt, we explore some of the world’s best cities for planning a quick getaway or extending a work trip.
Here are our tips for making the most of your city break in Manhattan.
Where to fly in
The New York metro area is served by three major airports: John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), and LaGuardia International Airport (LGA). When determining which airport is the best to fly into, you should consider two factors: flight price, final destination in the city, and ground transportation options.
As for your ground transportation options, cabs and ride shares are available upon arrival at all airports, but they also incur the highest cost—especially from JFK and EWR. As an alternative from JFK, you can take the AirTrain, which runs 24 hours a day, to the subway. Depending on your final destination, you can catch the A, E, J and Z trains. From EWR, you can take the AirTrain and transfer to New Jersey Transit’s Northeast Corridor or North Jersey Coast Line trains at Newark Penn Station. Visit NJ Transit’s site for more detailed information. Finally, from LGA, your public transportation options are limited to bus routes. Grabbing a cab or a ride share is often your most convenient and time-saving option to the city.
Where to stay during your city break
Despite being dubbed “The City That Never Sleeps,” Manhattan alone offers more than 450 hotels from which to choose.
With so many iconic and unique hotels to choose from, it can be both challenging and exciting to pick where to stay. Here are a few to consider:
- Looking for a boutique hotel? After finding success in Chicago, Miami, and LA, the trendy Freehand Hotel New York calls the Flatiron neighborhood home. Then, you’re just walking distance to the area’s iconic sites and dining destinations (more on where to eat, below).
- If a hotel in a prime Manhattan location is what you’re after, look no further than the Hotel Sofitel New York. Conveniently located in Midtown West, the Sofitel is walking distance to Rockefeller Center. After work, you’re just a block from the designer stores on Fifth Avenue and the Theater District.
- The Bentley Hotel is an ideal spot if you’re attending an event at Guastavino’s but want to avoid Manhattan’s busier neighborhoods. From the hotel, you can easily walk to Midtown or hop in a cab to take the FDR elsewhere.
How to get around
Getting around the city requires prioritizing two of the following: time, money, or convenience. Taking the subway, for example, is your least expensive option. You can pay one MetroCard swipe and traverse all five boroughs. While taking the subway is often faster than grabbing a cab to your destination (when traffic is considered), this is not always the case. Track fires, sick passengers, and other unforeseen events all delay train travel. But you’ll definitely spend the least amount of money, if that’s a priority to you.
Your MetroCard also gives you access to the city’s bus system. However, while buses sometimes run more frequently up and down the avenues, throw time out the window. Even with dedicated lanes, buses are probably your slowest option for getting around.
Also available above ground: the iconic Yellow Cab. Hail one, call out your cross-streets to the driver, and away you go. Grabbing a cab is typically convenient, but cost can greatly fluctuate based on your destination—especially if you’re heading to or from the airport, or incurring tolls by traveling over bridges or through tunnels. Ride shares like Uber, Lyft, and Via are also available throughout the five boroughs and to all the major airports.
Pro tip: Use TripIt’s Navigator feature to search transportation options available to you. It will show you the estimated costs and travel times for each option, so you can decide which works best. You can find Navigator within your flight, hotel and rental car details screens. Plus, if you add a restaurant reservation to your itinerary (more on where to eat later), Navigator also helps you find the best transportation options for getting to your table.
Convenience aside, let’s talk about the cost of riding in a cab versus a ride share. Considering factors such as your starting location and final destination, time of day, traffic, demand for rides (hello, surge pricing), and other factors—Uber is typically cheaper when traveling long distances, like from your Manhattan hotel to JFK airport. Meanwhile, on shorter trips through congested streets, a taxi is often the more economical choice.
Finally, you might want to consider Citi Bike, NYC’s official bike-share program. Riders can access bikes in the Lyft or Citi Bike apps. Single rides in the app start at $3.99/trip. Lime bikes and electric scooters are also available to help you get around on two wheels.
Where to eat
From street carts to Michelin stars, Manhattan has it all. For a quick bite, head to Urbanspace—a food hall with rotating concepts and a variety of cuisine options to choose from. There are two permanent locations: Urbanspace @ 570 Lex in Midtown East and Urbanspace @ Vanderbilt, located just north of Grand Central Station. Other seasonal locations pop up throughout the year as well, so check out their website to see if any coincide with your travel dates.
Craving Italian? Maybe some wine and cheese? Head to perennial favorite Eataly—now with two NYC locations, Eataly Flatiron and Eataly Downtown.
If you’re after a ramen fix, you’ve come to the right city—this side of the Pacific, that is. Take your pick from authentic to fusion at popular spots like Ivan Ramen, Ippudo, Nakamura, Totto Ramen and more.
And finally, let’s talk pizza. Keeping with a home base of Manhattan, here are some of the best places to grab a New York slice: Joe’s Pizza, Prince Street Pizza, and Rubirosa. Of course if you want to venture further afield to say, Brooklyn for Di Fara, or to Staten Island for Joe & Pat’s, we would not blame you. (Also, can you bring us back a slice?)
What to do on your city break
After last night’s pizza-crawl, you may want to start your day with a workout. Good news—you have plenty of options in Manhattan.
Runners, head to Central Park for a six-mile loop of car-free running. Make sure to stay in the pedestrian lane and keep a careful eye out for those tourists biking out of their dedicated lane, too. Runners can also head to the West Side Highway for an uninterrupted trail along the Hudson River.
If you prefer a studio workout, an app like ClassPass can orient you to all of the indoor running, spin, yoga, HIIT, Crossfit, etc. classes available in your neighborhood and across the city.
The city’s green spaces also offer an ideal place to host a walk-and-talk meeting, people-watch, or catch a free class or performance. Many of Manhattan’s parks, like Bryant Park, Madison Square Park, Union Square Park, and Washington Square Park, host free events throughout the year. Plus, you’ll almost always be treated to an unorganized event, too, like a busking musician or a friendly game of chess. If you have some downtime, pass through a park in your neighborhood and soak in the essence of everyday New Yorkers just doing their thing.
If you catch a rainy day, head to one of the city’s world-class museums. The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Guggenheim Museum are located on the Upper East Side—just a few minutes’ walk away from one another, too. There’s also the Museum of Modern Art in Midtown, the Whitney in the Meatpacking district, and the American Museum of Natural History on the Upper West Side. Lesser-known museums worth a visit include the Tenement Museum, the Museum of the City of New York, and El Museo del Barrio—just to name a few.
Rain or shine, be sure to also pay a visit to the iconic (and independent) Strand Bookstore—the last of the surviving bookstores in what was formerly known as “Book Row” along Fourth Avenue. The Strand boasts 18 miles of new, used, and rare books. Pop in to pick up that personal development book you’ve been meaning to read or grab a leisure read—both for a fraction of the price of a last-minute purchase at the airport.
Note: As cities reopen around the world, be sure to consult and adhere to all local guidelines and travel restrictions, as they vary widely and will continue to change. One way to stay on top of changing guidelines is to consult the COVID-19 travel guidance feature in the TripIt app for destination-specific information, including current infection rates, quarantine rules upon arrival, testing requirements, and other information you need to know before visiting the area. | <urn:uuid:3325546d-b04f-4c85-836c-95a37ac755b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tripit.com/web/blog/travel-tips/city-break-manhattan.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930758 | 2,013 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Return to Artiodactyla
Gray duiker, Common duiker
Click on the pictures above for a larger view of the photographs
Body Length: 80-115 cm / 2.6-3.8 ft.
Shoulder Height: 45-60 cm / 1.5-2 ft.
Tail Length: 10-20 cm / 4-8 in.
Weight: 10-20 kg / 22-44 lb.
The coat is generally pale reddish-brown to grizzled gray, depending on the geographical location. The undersides are whitish, while the muzzle, nose bridge, and forelegs are black. The short tail is black on the top, contrasting sharply with the fluffy white underside. The long, pointed ears are separated by a tuft of hair on the forehead. Females are usually larger than males. The sharply pointed horns are usually found only in males and grow 7-18 cm / 3-7 inches long. The horns are more vertically oriented than in other duiker species, due to the more open habitat.
Ontogeny and Reproduction
Gestation Period: 6-7 months.
Young per Birth: 1
Weaning: 2 months.
Sexual Maturity: Females at 8-10 months, males at 12 months.
Life span: Up to 14 years.
After birth, the young lie up in dense cover for a number of weeks.
Ecology and Behavior
Feeding predominantly from dusk until dawn, the gray duiker rests in favourite hiding places in scrub or grass during the day. This small antelope has exceptional speed and stamina, and is usually able to outrun dogs that chase after it. The home ranges of individuals of the same sex rarely overlap. However, there is substantial common land in the ranges of individuals of the opposite sexes. Males are territorial, marking their defended areas with preorbital secretions and attacking other males that intrude. The favourite resting place of these males is a high spot overlooking their territory. In favourable areas there are approximately 2 animals per square kilometer. Juveniles make a loud bleat if caught, which brings the parents running.
Family group: Usually solitary, although pairs are occasionally sighted.
Diet: Tree and bush foliage, fruits, seeds, occasionally carrion.
Main Predators: Large predators, small cats, baboon, crocodile, python, eagle.
Sparse forests, brushy steppe, savanna, and mountainous regions throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
Range Map (Redrawn from IEA, 1998)
The gray duiker, as it's alternate name might suggest, is common and is not on the IUCN's 1996 Red List.
Duiker ("DIKE-er") is Africaans for "diver", due to their habit of bounding into the undergrowth when alarmed. Silva (Latin) a wood, a forest; capra (Latin) a she-goat. Named in honour of Dr. Hermann Nicolas Grimm, a German scientist who originally described the duiker as early as 1686, though it was named by Linnaeus in 1758.
IEA (Institute of Applied Ecology) 1998. Sylvicapra grimmia. In African Mammals Databank - A Databank for the Conservation and Management of the African Mammals Vol 1 and 2. Bruxelles: European Commission Directorate. Available online at http://gorilla.bio.uniroma1.it/amd/amd038b.html
Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, London and New York: NaturalWorld.
Nowak, R. M. [editor]. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World (Fifth Edition). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Walther, F. R. 1990. Duikers and Dwarf Antelopes. In Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. Edited by S. P. Parker. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 325-343.
Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder [editors]. 1993. Mammal Species of the World (Second Edition). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Available online at http://nmnhwww.si.edu/msw/
Return to Artiodactyla
© Brent Huffman, www.ultimateungulate.com | <urn:uuid:d2c52263-05a7-4815-be61-105579d9f506> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Sylvicapra_grimmia.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.856515 | 961 | 2.9375 | 3 |
SEKEM strives to contribute to holistic, sustainable development since 1977 in the four dimensions of sustainable development: Ecology, Economy, Societal- and Cultural Life. And since the very beginning, SEKEM has a great network of supporters and like-minded people, helping SEKEM to achieve its goals. Ever since, there is a great community of people, carrying the vision of SEKEM in their hearts and supporting SEKEM in its various fields.
We would like to invite you to support SEKEM as well by donating to one of our current fundraising campaigns.
New life is emerging in the remote western desert of Egypt. SEKEM does not only want to reclaim desert land but to build a sustainable community. During these days, we are establishing a school for the children of the region.
We want to unfold the children’s potential and empower them to shape their future. Empoweing our children means to empower the future! Only through people and together with people we can realize a sustainable transition.
Health is more than the absence of illness. SEKEM wants to develop a concept for integrative health that understands human well-being in its entirety and promotes it preventively. With this, SEKEM wants to contribute to a sustainable improvement of the desolate health system and the high incidence of diseases in Egypt.
Education is the foundation of wholistic human development and progress of everything. It is a continuous challenge. Learning throughout life enables people to improve their living conditions and contribute to the development of their community and country. Help us with your donation to provide education to as many children as possible, giving them a perspective for their future.
Together, we can offer children and adults in Egypt a holistic education that allows them to develop their potential. Only by investing in people and life long learning a country can develop sustainably. Join us and make a difference. Every donation counts! | <urn:uuid:1e0c5395-962a-4b79-a869-9e02148cd2ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sekem.com/en/support-sekem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9626 | 393 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Time runs its treacherous fingers along everything. The smoothed edges of a pebble. The polished wood of a staircase. The worn joints in our bones. Sometimes, even, the erosion of our memory. Every day, every hour, every minute, we get a little older. Until we reach that invisible threshold when we actually begin to feel the years, and what getting older means. Our pace becomes slower and our muscles, stiff. Our bodies gradually bend forward and parts cave in. One hand begins to shake. Our thoughts are not so nimble. And perhaps for the first time we overhear someone say that we are old. Yet it is less a question of us getting old, than our bodies giving in to time. Cells inside us are losing touch. Information is being lost. Metabolic pathways become hesitant. Cells become weary, stifle and die. Many factors are involved in the very complex process of ageing. One of them is Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 - or PAI-1. Scientists, however, discovered that a particular mutation in PAI-1 may actually be partly responsible for lengthening a person's life as opposed to shortening it.
Why do organisms get old in the first place? Why does an organism begin to decline with the passing of time? Why do the cells inside us become weathered? Why are they unable to renew themselves as they did during the first years of our life? Because we are not robots, may well be the answer. Nature has its flaws. Life has its limits. Just like us, across the years, cells gather their scars. Not everyone, however, gets old in the same way. It is all a question of our genes but also the environment we live in and the lifestyle we lead. It would be impossible to trim longevity down to one factor alone. To date, the oldest human being, a woman whose age has been verified by modern documentation, reached the ripe age of 122. But this hardly compares to the quahog clam (Arctica islandica) that can live up to the age of 500, or the bristlecone pine that can last thousands of years.
What does PAI-1 do, to slow our pace down? PAI-1 belongs to a family of protease inhibitors known as serpins. Protease inhibitory activities were, surprisingly, first described in the 1800s, but it took another one hundred and fifty years to isolate a few serpins - so named, because the first to be characterized were serine protease inhibitors. In the 1980s, however, researchers began to realise that serpins form a huge family of related proteins - the majority of which are indeed serine protease inhibitors but there are also serpins that target other types of proteases, like cysteine proteases for example. In the past four decades, over 1,000 serpins have been identified, across every known species - from animals, plants and fungi, to bacteria, archaea and even a few viruses.
Proteases are usually part of important metabolic pathways such as coagulation or immune responses for example. So it may sound counterproductive for serpins to stop them from doing their job. However, it is in fact one clever way of regulating metabolic pathways. If a protease is left to go about its business unceasingly, it will end up causing havoc by unnecessarily keeping a pathway going, and causing some sort of downstream imbalance. As an illustration, serpin deficiency in humans is involved in diseases such as emphysema, cirrhosis, Alzheimer's disease, chronic fatigue, hypertension, diabetes and bleeding disorders. But such disorders cannot always be pinned down to a metabolic pathway gone haywire, as the concomitant accumulation of deficient serpin in the cell also has an effect, by gradually clogging the cell up, and damaging the tissues and organs it is located in.
PAI-1 is involved in several vital pathways, including: coagulation, cell adhesion, cell migration and dentin formation. It is also actively involved in cellular senescence - a very intriguing aspect of biology and the life of a cell. Cellular senescence is the gradual degeneration of a cell and, in the long run, of the organ and the organism it belongs to. It has been known for some time now that telomeres, the protective caps located on the tips of our chromosomes, become shorter and shorter as the years go by. This is explained by the wear and tear caused by years and years of cellular replication, during which little parts of the telomeres are lost. What exactly is lost in terms of information for the preservation of life is still not understood, but telomere attrition seems to be directly linked to old age, and associated with numerous related chronic diseases.
Serpins have been extensively studied because of their conformational structures and the singular way they have of functioning. Most protease inhibitors stop proteases from reaching their targets by blocking the passage to the active site. Serpins, however, delude proteases by making them believe that they are the target. They do this via a loop - known as the reactive centre loop - that protrudes from the core of their body. The protease recognises the loop as its target, binds to it, and before the enzyme has time to hydrolyse its target, the loop snaps back like the devil's tongue, with the protease still attached to it. This causes the protease to twist into a conformation that paralyses it, and it remains bound to the serpin for days, sometimes weeks. Trapped in a suicidal embrace, both the protease and the serpin are condemned, and gradually degraded by the cell.
If PAI-1 is involved in cell senescence, then perhaps less of it in an organism would stall the ageing process. A certain PAI-1 variant recently discovered in an Amish community from Berne (Indiana) seems to suggest just this. Members of the community who carried only one copy of the mutation (heterozygous) were healthier than those who carried 2 mutated copies (homozygous) and who can be subject to severe bleeding for example. Carriers of only one copy of the PAI-1 variant, however, had significantly longer telomere lengths, and suffered less from conditions such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes. They also had a longer lifespan, hinting that PAI-1 may well be directly linked to human longevity.
So could we all live a little longer if PAI-1 were partially switched off? No. Not only was the number of Amish participants too small for the study to be statistically relevant - a total of 177 and only 44 carriers of the PAI-1 variant - but the process of getting old depends on multiple genetic and extra-genetic factors ranging from genomic instability and epigenetic alterations, to mitochondrial dysfunction, stem-cell exhaustion and altered cellular communication. Getting to know PAI-1 more intimately will certainly shed more light on cell senescence and the gradual degradation of our bodies. Designing drugs that could selectively target PAI-1 may help to lessen conditions that are age-related, such as hypertension or arteriosclerosis for instance. This said, the very nature of ageing remains a mystery and is a controversial subject among scientists. Perhaps we should learn to give in to time, the way our cells do. Though if it can be done in the absence of physical pain, why not. | <urn:uuid:11ff418f-1253-423b-b8a6-f78f5210b2e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.proteinspotlight.org/back_issues/203/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.970737 | 1,526 | 3.15625 | 3 |
And as a outcome of fiber-optic cables are non-metallic, they aren’t affected by electromagnetic interference (i.e. weather) that can reduce pace of transmission. Fiber cables are additionally safer as they do not carry a current and due to this fact can not generate a spark. Fiber optics is the technology used to transmit information as pulses of sunshine by way of strands of fiber made from glass or plastic over lengthy distances. Honda’s Kenton Williams and Tyler Parker, Black & Veatch, discuss the development and utility of Honda’s Autonomous Work Vehicle prototype, together with the lessons learned from the sphere trials during which Black & Veatch is taking part. “Telematics information is an essential ingredient to an efficient fleet strategy that delivers optimistic impact to the enterprise,” says Norty Turner, United Rentals.
- The technology sector is comprised of companies that sell items and providers in electronics, software program, computers, synthetic | <urn:uuid:d34767fb-780e-4c51-adb3-29c17e39723f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://filas-brasileiros.com/tag/eindhoven | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.924762 | 198 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Light The Night: A Recognition of Local Organizations Partnered in the Fight Against Crime
WHAT: An annual celebration of community partnerships that recognizes the solidarity between local government, law enforcement and community volunteers in the fight against crime.
WHY: Communication between law enforcement officials and community members is essential in order to keep neighborhoods and their residents safe. Key members of local law enforcement will give updates on projects underway and take questions from community members. Often called "a going away party for crime and drugs," Light the Night offers the opportunity for public service officers and community members to come together and address shared concerns. Light the Night 2017 is sponsored by Toledo Neighborhood Block Watch and the Lucas Metropolitan Housing Authority (LMHA). Refreshments and music will follow remarks from local leaders and the ceremonial lighting.
- Mayor Paula Hicks-Hudson
- Demetria M. Simpson, President and Chief Executive Officer, LMHA
- Janet Beam, President, Block Watch
- Jim O'Bryant, Deputy Chief of Toledo Police
- John Tharp, Lucas County Sheriff
- Luis Santiago, Toledo Fire Chief
WHEN: Tuesday, Aug. 1st 5:30 p.m. - 8:30 p.m.
615 Cherry Street
Toledo, OH 43604 | <urn:uuid:096b15d9-f6f2-4a19-bbaf-3a07e1604731> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lucasmha.org/news-view?id=17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.924876 | 274 | 1.507813 | 2 |
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W.E.B. Du Bois was an American sociologist and civil rights activist who rose to prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement.
Follow BukRate on social networks Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Youtube, and Pinterest. We update the best quotes every day! Join and share more with friends. | <urn:uuid:c19dbfa8-fdf8-400f-bc0b-6aa01e8d5367> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bukrate.com/book/53062664 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.914365 | 73 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Moon and his wife, Kim Jung-sook, were greeted by Kim and his wife, Ri Sol-ju at Pyongyang’s airport on Tuesday.
The two leaders are expected to hold meetings on Tuesday and Wednesday, and jointly announce the results on the last day if things go smoothly.
Before his departure from Seoul, Moon said he intended to push for “irreversible, permanent peace” and for better dialogue between Pyongyang and Washington.
“This summit would be very meaningful if it yielded a resumption of North Korea-US talks,” he said.
“It’s very important for South and North Korea to meet frequently, and we are turning to a phase where we can meet anytime we want.”
But his chief of staff, Im Jong-seok, tried to lower expectations of major progress on the future of Kim’s nuclear arsenal, saying it was “difficult to have any optimistic outlook”.
Traveling with Moon are business tycoons, including Samsung scion Lee Jae-yong, underscoring Moon’s hopes to expand cross-border business projects.
Currently, all major joint projects between the Koreas are stalled because of US-led sanctions.
Thousands of North Koreans cheered and waved flower bouquets as well as national and unification flags.
North Korean soldiers and naval troops quick-marched into position to welcome Moon, and the two leaders inspected the honour guard, according to South Korean media pool footage from the site.
A signboard read: “We ardently welcome President Moon Jae-in.”
As Moon arrived, the North’s main newspaper said Washington was responsible for the lack of progress in denuclearisation talks.
“The US is totally to blame for the deadlocked DPRK-US negotiations,” the Rodong Sinmun said in an editorial.
It said Washington is “stubbornly insisting” the North dismantle its nuclear weapons first, an approach “which was rejected in the past DPRK-US dialogues”, while failing to show its will for confidence-building “including the declaration of the end of war, which it had already pledged”.
North Korea maintains that it has developed its nuclear weapons to the point that it can now defend itself against a potential US attack, and can now shift its focus to economic development and improved ties with the South.
While signaling his willingness to talk to Washington, Kim’s strategy has been to try to elbow the US away from Seoul so that the two Koreas can take the lead in deciding how to bring peace and stability to their peninsula.
Talks between the US and North Korea, which Moon brokered through his April and May summits with Kim, have stalled since Kim’s meeting with President Donald Trump in Singapore in June.
North Korea has taken some steps, like dismantling its nuclear and rocket-engine testing sites, but US officials have said it must take more serious disarmament steps before receiving outside concessions.
Trump has indicated he may be open to holding another summit to resuscitate the talks. | <urn:uuid:19d4e1bd-ce37-4333-ba31-29df1a3edf24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/9/18/south-korean-leader-in-pyongyang-to-reboot-nuclear-talks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968709 | 654 | 1.539063 | 2 |
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COMMANDER IN CHIEF
THROUGH THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR;
BY AARON BANCROFT, D. D.
TWO VOLUMES IN ONE.
THE NEW YORK
Entered according to Acţ of Congress, in the year 1847, by
PHILLIPS & SAMPSON, Tithe Clera's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.
The following publication origicated in the author's wish to place within reach of the great body of his countrymen, an authentick biography of General WASHINGTON.
Judge Marshall, in his valuable life of this illustrious patriot, has embraced not only the settlement and general history of the North American Colonies; but also the political history of the United States. His work is therefore necessarily too expensive to be ob. tained by all classes of American people. The writer of these memoirs apprehended, that by publishing the life of WASHINGTON in a compressed form, he should enable those of his fellow citizens, who are not in possession of Marshall, to leave to their posterity a memorial of a man, who was pre-eminently distin. guished as a Soldier and Statesman.
General WASHINGTON was from his youth devoted to his country, his character therefore cannot be portrayed, without bringing into view many important publick transactions. The plan of the writer has been to notice no individual or event, further than was necossary to display the principal character.
He has made Judge Marshall his leading authority for facts, and has in some measure followed him in the order of events. The histories of the war by Doctors Ramsayanc Gordon, and several original writings have been consulted; but he trusts, that greater liberty has not been taken with any of them than is fair and honourable. The few facts, which have not before been published, were received immediately from confidential friends of General WASHINGTON, or from gentlemen who, in respectable official situations, were members of his family during his military command.
It has been the endeavour of the author to display the character of the man who is the subject of the work, by exhibiting in a connected view his actions and his writings; and he has, as far as possible, made this exhibition in the person of General WASHINGTON.
He has not conceived that he was writing for men of erudition, but for the unlettered portion of the community; and he has for their benefit more particularly studied simplicity of style. Should he be so happy as to obtain their approbation, he will receive an ample reward of his labour.
He entertains no expectation of acquiring literary fame by this publication; but he hopes to escape the disgrace of having written a useless book. | <urn:uuid:f4e820b5-40a9-46e8-abc3-a3b2ccbeff2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.to/books?id=5DkFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA4&focus=viewport&vq=%22it+is+of+infinite+moment+that+you+should+properly+estimate+the+immense+value+of+your+national+union,+to+your+collective%22&dq=editions:OCLC422331341&lr=&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.984367 | 613 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Packing your bags before a trip can be difficult. Put all your travel clothes and shoes onto a spare bed. The next day, remove one third. The following day, remove another one third. The remaining clothes and shoes should then go into your suitcase. This way you will have adequate gear for your trip and will be delighted that you don’t have so much to carry!
Keep photocopies of passports, note down important contact numbers, credit card numbers and their expiry dates. It is important that you keep this information in a safe place, preferably on you, so that you have it handy in case you need to report your loss.
When on long plane flights, Kava (Piper methysticum) can act as a nerve relaxant because it contains chemicals that have calming qualities on the
nervous system. It can also act as an analgesic and has anaesthetic effects. That’s why if you drink fresh Kava root, the way they do in Polynesia, you get a numb mouth! Before a long plane flight, take two Kava tablets and two more every three hours. Those with liver conditions should be careful as consuming Kava may aggravate an existing liver condition. For those who are unsure, check with your local pharmacist or herbalist. | <urn:uuid:300329e0-f3fd-4716-8a95-ccb91ae5caff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://regentholidays.co/travel-tips-packing-your-stuff/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94499 | 267 | 1.820313 | 2 |
The EU Council has adopted further sanctions against Russia, effectively banning its most significant export after energy – Russian gold.
It has also introduced new measures to prevent circumvention of sanctions by ships and extends the list of dual-use and advanced technology items that may contribute to Russia’s military and technological enhancement.
In response to criticisms that its sanctions against Russia are contributing to global food and fuel shortages and price hikes, the EU is also extending the exemption of transactions for agricultural products and transfer of oil to third countries.
The EU’s new “maintenance and alignment” package of sanctions introduces new prohibitions to purchase, import, or transfer, directly or indirectly, gold, if it originates in Russia and it has been exported from Russia into the EU or to any third country after.
This prohibition also covers jewellery, imported, purchased or transferred, directly or indirectly, into the EU if it originates and is exported from Russia. This dispels media reports last week that suggested Russian jewellery imports would not be banned.
Defence and security exports
The package also extends the list of controlled items, which may contribute to Russia’s military and technological enhancement or the development of its defence and security sector, thereby reinforcing export controls on dual use and advanced technology.
The list of advanced technology items targeted has been expanded to include 50 additional items, including manufacturing equipment such as machine tools that can be used to produce industrial components or weapons, and other items, such as those used for law enforcement, such as helmets and batons, or chemicals used in riot control.
New measures in the package also extend the EU’s existing port access ban to locks to avoid the circumvention of sanctions through canals, with the exception to access locks when leaving the EU.
This means that Russian ships going towards the sea will be allowed to pass, but not those entering a canal or going further up a canal.
Food and fertiliser
The EU has responded to criticisms that its sanctions have helped create global food shortages and price hikes by stressing that EU sanctions do not target trade in agricultural and food products, (including wheat and fertilisers) between third countries and Russia.
Growing food and nutrition insecurity is caused by the Russian aggression against Ukraine, resulting in the disruption of agricultural production and trade, as well as spiking agricultural production and food prices according to an EU statement.
It also accuses Russia of disrupting shipping in the Black Sea, hoarding its own produce and deliberately targeting key agricultural infrastructure across Ukraine, including grain silos, railways, food warehouses, and is blocking ports.
A Council of the EU press release on the maintenance and alignment package with links to additional resources can be found here.
Categories: Trade Based Financial crimes News | <urn:uuid:1ac94de4-4a28-4d69-952f-4982426f1d51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amlnewsflow.coastlinesolutions.com/2022/07/27/eu-bans-russian-gold-imports-tightens-export-controls-and-restricts-shipping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949533 | 567 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The “New Rules” of Building Voter Confidence in your Capital Project
Over the past year, our school communities have faced an unpredictable and seemingly unending litany of difficult decisions. Beyond the decision to place their children in classrooms or opt for distance-learning, many are up against economic challenges that may well affect their willingness to support capital improvements in our schools. The grim reality is that putting off critical facilities needs will only lead to further deterioration and increased costs. Fortunately, the past year has shown that although it’s difficult (and sometimes impossible) to connect with voters in person, they can be successfully engaged through online and print communications. All it takes is a few small adjustments.
Involve community members early in the planning process. Actively seeking community input and involving active user groups in the decision-making process is key to building broad voter support among networks. For example, consider including one or more influential community members on your facilities committee during scope development. Hold a virtual community forum to discuss the district’s long-range plan and gauge their support for specific initiatives. Invite ideas and acknowledge all input—above all, demonstrate a willingness to listen and to consider the wants as well as the needs.
Clearly demonstrate the rationale for the project. It has often been challenging to energize voters to turn out for a “nuts and bolts” project. However, until economic variables begin to level out, big-ticket educational program spaces could be an even tougher sell. When explaining how the project’s components were chosen, be specific and show a clear cost vs. benefit. Is the boiler system going to cost more to repair than to replace? Is the roof system at the end of its warranty? Are the stairs cracked and crumbling?
Equip your committee, community leaders, and Board with talking points. By the time you’re ready to inform your voters about the project, you should already have a good idea of the questions and hot-button concerns that likely to have. Work up a list of expected questions and clear answers, and distribute it to these groups to ensure a unified response. There are fewer opportunities to talk to families at in-school functions like concerts and sports events, so it’s even more important to be prepared with consistent answers to their project questions when these opportunities arise.
Level-up your social media strategy. It’s important to remind people to vote on the day of the referendum, but it’s just as important to keep them engaged during the lead-up. Use your list of talking points to pepper your social media channels with a “question of the day.” Consider designing a unique project logo to include on your website and in social media posts about the project. Cross-post all fact sheets, newsletters, and presentations when they’re posted to your web site.
Plan ahead for public information meetings. Live-streams like Zoom have become the standard in lieu of an in-person meeting before the vote. However, getting feedback to and from attendees can be a technical challenge in real time. Offer an opportunity to submit questions ahead of the meeting (and after) via email, social media, or a web form. If possible, record the meeting and post it online.
Include an exit poll. Exit polls are an effective way to determine how well your voters understood you, and vice versa. Voters are motivated to make sure their voices are heard – let them! Most importantly, demonstrate that you’ve listened by thanking them for their input.
The record participation levels in the 2020-2021 district budget votes, combined with continued positive support of capital improvement projects for many districts since then, is proof positive that even in these uncertain times, our communities understand the importance of investing in our schools. It’s not only possible to stay connected while socially distancing, it’s an action that bears real fruit for our students, staff, and community members alike.
Tracy Thomas is a Business Development Manager and Public Information Campaign Coordinator at Campus. This article originally appeared in the February 2021 issue of the CouncilGram, a monthly newsletter published by the New York State Council of School Superintendents. | <urn:uuid:2db4b095-ac36-4ec9-aaea-2cc6da52de80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.campuscmg.com/news/new-rules-building-voter-confidence-your-capital-project | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95195 | 858 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The Arabic Culture In Italian Food
Italy suffered many raids from the Arab people since the 7th century. They conquered Sicily and settle here for about 200 years until the arrival of Normans. During this time, Arab bring some changes to the Italian food culture. We find these changes above all in many Sicilian dishes but also in many dishes of the Southern Italy.
Arab bring to Italy the use of sweet and sour flavors that we find in one of the oldest recipe of the Neapolitan tradition: the meatballs with pine nuts and raisins. Same things we find in the famous Caponata. In this recipe, in fact, onions, pepper and potatoes meet sugar, pine nuts and raisins.
The use of sugar and vinegar for the marinade of some food is Arab too. The marinade preserved food and replaced the use of the fridge. Thanks to that, Italians invented Scapece or Scapace. This is a particular vinegar sauce from the Arab tradition even in the name Sakbāj.
There is other traditional Italian food with Arab origin in the name. One of this is the Sorbetto (Sherbet in Arab). The Arab in fact, add cane sugar to this famous dessert made with crushed ice and citrus.
In addition, the Arab, between the 9th and the 10th century, introduced hard wheat in Sicily. This important event changes times a lot. From this moment Italians were able to keep better wheat derivates such as pasta or cous cous. The typical of the Middle Ages famines decreased.
The fusion between the Roman culture and the Arab culture is well represented by the Sicilian Cassata. In this cake the ricotta from the Romans meets the candied fruit and almonds from the Arab.
This is a very sweet and tasty cake, an explosion of colors. This is also the witness of the ability of the Italians to absorb the culture of its conquering or invading peoples. | <urn:uuid:e36656b3-cc90-4322-8248-273ce162325e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pizzacappuccino.com/the-arabic-culture-in-italian-food/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.958676 | 396 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Phylogenetic tree based on 1,136 amino acid segment of the polyprotein the novel ball python nidovirus. A bootstrap-supported (1000 replicates) Maximum Likelihood tree was implemented in MEGA version 5.2. Unrooted tree is shown with bootstrap values at the nodes. Scale bars represent 0.5 amino acid substitutions per site. GenBank accession number: Bovine coronavirus: NC003045, Human coronavirus OC43:NC005147, Murine hepatitis virus strain A59:NC001846, Human coronavirus HKU1:NC006577, SARS coronavirus: NC004718, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: NC019843, Bat coronavirus HKU5-1:NC009020, Feline infectious peritonitis virus: NC002306, Canine coronavirus strain S378:KC175341, Transmissible gastroenteritis virus isolate TGEV-HX:KC962433, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: NC003436, Human coronavirus 229E:NC002645, Human coronavirus NL63:NC005831, Avian infectious bronchitis virus: NC001451, Fathead minnow nidovirus: GU002364, White bream virus: NC008516, Porcine torovirus strain SH1:JQ860350, Breda Virus:NC007447, Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus: NC001639, Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus: NC001961, Simian hemorrhagic fever virus: NC003092, Equine arteritis virus: NC002532. | <urn:uuid:c6f603a7-f18f-46bd-ab5a-22f10866dd76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-11-144/figures/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.663279 | 365 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Amtrak President: Don’t let this moment pass. It’s time to build Gateway. | Notice
By Tony Coscia
Throughout my career, I have been involved in the planning and delivery of some of the largest and most complex infrastructure projects in the New York-New Jersey region. I have seen good projects live and good projects die; circumstances change and the political winds howl. But I have never been so excited to take the Gateway agenda forward and truly transform the way people in this region travel. We cannot let this moment pass.
The stars are aligned today as they never have been before, and it doesn’t happen too soon. The century-old infrastructure that carries hundreds of trains and thousands of passengers every day is a constant reminder that we must act with determination. The Gateway program is a reasonable, thoughtful and ambitious approach to preserving the critical service of today’s Northeast Corridor and finally modernizing and expanding the system for the 21st century.
Through several sudden changes, different plans and proposals have sometimes captured the attention of the region, then have fallen into disuse. Advocates, politicians, train riders, neighbors and members of the public have influenced the evolution of the plans. The Gateway program is the result of decades of planning. It is the model of a better rail experience for passengers to, from and through New York City.
Amtrak had the pleasure of organize an inspection trip on June 28 infrastructure for the Gateway program for US Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, Senator Cory Booker and other members of the New York and New Jersey congressional delegations. Our federal partners have proclaimed their commitment to move the Gateway program âfull speed aheadâ, unlocking billions of dollars in funding and removing bureaucratic hurdles.
The Hudson Tunnel Project, Portal North Bridge and other Gateway projects will create thousands of well-paying construction jobs and ensure a better quality of life for area residents while improving connections to the Northeast Corridor and the rest of the Amtrak network. Imagine how nice it will be to arrive – on time, of course – at Moynihan Train Hall, having driven one of our new Acela trainsets through a new tunnel under the Hudson. More rail service will mean fewer cars on the road, less congestion on our highways and cleaner air to breathe. This is not a fantasy, it can be our future.
The immediate outcome of the construction of the Portal North Bridge and Hudson Tunnel projects will be the elimination of delays, canceled trains and disruption caused by infrastructure failures. The Northeast Corridor Commission counted 85 days in a five-year period during which infrastructure failures related to the existing bridge and tunnel delayed trains by five hours or more. When the initial Gateway projects are built, days like this will literally be history.
And even New Jersey communities west of Newark like New Brunswick and Trenton will be able to benefit from increased service on weekends. When the rest of the Gateway is built – including transformative elements like the expansion of Penn Station New York and the Bergen Loop to create a one-way ride for communities in West Hudson – the busiest section of the Northeast Corridor will finally have the capacity to connect New Jersey, New York and America for the 21st century.
The Biden administration and Congress have shown they are ready and willing to invest in Gateway. It’s up to us at the local level to achieve that level of commitment and take funding sources seriously as we update the financial plan for the Hudson Tunnel project this summer. Then, everyone will have the skin of the game and we all benefit from a true federal-local partnership which can finance this project of national importance. Governor Andrew Cuomo’s leadership in building Moynihan Train Hall and Governor Phil Murphy’s persistence in defending Portal North Bridge have shown that we can move great projects forward.
During the pandemic, some people wondered if New York would come back. Would the Gateway program even be necessary? Ridership begins to increase as the pandemic loosens its grip. Soon trains and stations will be full of passengers again. In fact, passengers in some places are returning faster than expected. Another lesson I’ve learned over the years – New York remains the center of the US economy and it’s not going anywhere.
Amtrak’s vision for the future of passenger rail, outlined in our Amtrak package connects us, discusses the role of infrastructure investments in the economic and environmental well-being of the United States. By expanding the Amtrak network into new communities, we can reduce our carbon footprint, improve social equity, and provide new mobility opportunities in growing US cities. The Gateway program is key to this national vision, as approximately one-third of all Amtrak trips depart, end, or pass through New York City. And as we know, there is only one way to get in and out.
It took a lot of work and there is a lot more to do. But it’s time to build Gateway and show the world that America can still do great things.
Tony Coscia is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Amtrak and former Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.
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|Published:||15 September, 2013|
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Published on the fiftieth anniversary of her seminal book, Silent Spring, here is an indelible new portrait of Rachel Carson, founder of the environmental movementShe loved the ocean and wrote three books about its mysteries, including the international bestseller The Sea Around Us. But it was with her fourth book, Silent Spring, that this unassuming biologist transformed our relationship with the natural world.Rachel Carson began work on Silent Spring in the late 1950s, when a dizzying array of synthetic pesticides had come into use. Leading this chemical onslaught was the insecticide DDT, whose inventor had won a Nobel Prize for its discovery. Effective against crop pests as well as insects that transmitted human diseases such as typhus and malaria, DDT had at first appeared safe. But as its use expanded, alarming reports surfaced of collateral damage to fish, birds, and other wildlife. Silent Spring was a chilling indictment of DDT and its effects, which were lasting, widespread, and lethal.Published in 1962, Silent Spring shocked the public and forced the government to take action-despite a withering attack on Carson from the chemicals industry. The book awakened the world to the heedless contamination of the environment and eventually led to the establishment of the EPA and to the banning of DDT and a host of related pesticides. By drawing frightening parallels between dangerous chemicals and the then-pervasive fallout from nuclear testing, Carson opened a fault line between the gentle ideal of conservation and the more urgent new concept of environmentalism.Elegantly written and meticulously researched, On a Farther Shore reveals a shy yet passionate woman more at home in the natural world than in the literary one that embraced her. William Souder also writes sensitively of Carson's romantic friendship with Dorothy Freeman, and of her death from cancer in 1964. This extraordinary new biography captures the essence of one of the great reformers of the twentieth century.A New York Times Notable Book of 2012“A suspenseful tale of the literary life…utterly inspiring.” —San Francisco Chronicle“Captivating…Souder writes vividly and with great empathy for his subject and her cause.” —New York Times Book Review“A delightful, fascinating, engrossing read about some of the most important insights of modern science. You’ll find yourself thinking about Carson whenever you take a walk in the woods.” —Slate.comFrom the Hardcover edition. | <urn:uuid:ab8454cd-943b-44d6-a8d4-30bd05911003> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://booko.com.au/9780307462213/On-A-Farther-Shore?utm_source=blog&utm_campaign=climatechange | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944402 | 574 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Father John A. Hardon, S.J. Archives
Saints and Biographies
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The Humanity of Christ
(Biography: Father Gerald Fitzgerald)
by Fr. John A. Hardon, S.J.
It is impossible to understand Father Gerald's spirituality without seeing something of his understanding of the humanity of Christ.
Somewhere near the center of this spirituality was the realization that God became man, not only to redeem a sinful race by dying on the Cross, but to show how much He loves us. Father Gerald's apostolate to priests derived from this same concentration. He saw priests as the ones who, like Mary, gave flesh to the Son of God.
When the Word of God came in the Incarnation to His Blessed Mother, He came to her first of all for her own immediate soul. "Christ loves the individual soul. He loved His Mother's soul and He came for her." But not for her alone. "He came to His Mother with intense personal love, but then He said: 'Clothe me, Mother, with your flesh, with your blood, mold me, Mother. I the Creator who fashioned you, want you to fashion me into a man. I am the eternal Son of God; I want to be the Son of Man.' And she fashioned Him." (C-115, 116)
This truth of faith is the foundation of everything else in Christianity. It is emphatically the foundation of everything distinctive in the Catholic Church. The Eucharist, Father Gerald would say, began in the womb of Mary. Unless the Son of God had taken flesh in Mary's womb there would be no Incarnation. Unless there had been an Incarnation there could not have been a Redemption. Without a Redemption no priesthood, of Christ who died on the Cross, or of others to whom Christ would communicate the power to re-enact the mystery of Calvary.
What bears emphasis, and Father Gerald never let go of this concept, is that the eternal High Priest who offers Himself in the Mass is a true human being; that the Christ whom we receive in Holy Communion is a living human being; that the Savior who abides in our midst in the Real Presence is really present as a human being. By "human being", he understood what the Church teaches, that in the Holy Eucharist "is contained the whole Christ," and therefore with the fullness of His divinity and all the qualities of His humanity.
In the early 1940s, before he actually began his special apostolate to priests, Father Fitzgerald already had this clear vision of faith, without which everything else he said and did would have been meaningless. He saw, as few American spiritual writers in his day, that Jesus Christ is still on earth; that although He ascended to the Father and is now seated at His right hand, He did not really leave us; that His promise of not leaving us orphans meant not only that He would return at death to call us to Himself but already in life on earth He would remain in our midst.
It is literally true that, "Outside of Heaven the only place we can find the God-Man in the Sweet Humanity with which He clothed Himself in order to be one of us, is the Blessed Sacrament." (TPOL, 61).
The Eucharist is called the "Blessed Sacrament" precisely because it makes sacred or sanctifies those who receive Christ's humanity. Remove this humanity and you remove sanctity from the face of the earth. Christ's presence, then, "within us" through Communion "is the fruit of His Presence on the altar, and He has told us that only by partaking of the Eucharistic Presence would the Presence by grace be renewed and revivified in us. `Unless you eat the Flesh of the Son of Man you shall not have life in you!' Therefore here as in all else, it is the Sweet Humanity of the Son of God that nourishes the soul with the graces of which His abiding Presence is the summation. Without the Eucharist we could not abide in Jesus." (TPOL, 61).
God is Now Man
It is not an uncommon temptation among spiritual persons to fancy that growth in holiness somehow means a growing independence of Christ's humanity. Nothing could be further from the truth. "Any tendency away from Our Blessed Lord's Humanity it is impossible to consider as a movement into closer union either with him or with His Heavenly Father or Sweet Holy Spirit."
Why do some people think otherwise, as we know some saints admitted? The reason may be that "we are too apt to think of Christ's Humanity as a Bridge over which one would try to pass into the Trinity," a sort of necessary convenience; so that once we cross over the bridge we can dispense with the temporary roadway. "But this concept cannot stand for Jesus has made His Humanity not a bridge," which serves a useful purpose but, once crossed, is no longer needed.
The humanity of Christ is no mere bridge to the Divinity. By the hypostatic union, Christ is permanently God made man "From the moment of the Incarnation, the Eternal Son will never be separated from His Humanity." Indeed, "even in His death on Calvary, Body and Soul were separated, yet both remained in unbroken union with His Divinity, and thus His Body in the tomb was as adorable as His Soul in Limbo." Our faith requires us to affirm that "the Son of God has entered into this ineffable Oneness with His Humanity, and has in pursuance of His Decree of everlasting union thereby lifted Himself as Man to the right hand of the Father and the bosom of the Eternal Trinity."
Given this belief, "how foolish we would be to think that in either time or eternity we could pass beyond the warm living Heart of Christ into a more spiritual intimacy with God!" Why would this be not only foolish but false? Because "there is no intimacy with God for men except per (through) and cum (with) and, note well, in Christo, i.e., in Him Who is everlastingly now not only God but Man."
Geraldian spirituality, if we may so call it, has its bedrock here. It is built on this premise of Christian revelation: that once God became incarnate in the womb of Mary, He has never for a moment separated Himself from this substantial, hypostatic union, to be and remain the one person, Jesus Christ, at once true God and true Man. Everything else follows on this simple mystery of the faith. God not only became man, He is man; at the Last Supper He changed bread and wine into His own Body and Blood, that is, into a living human being who is God in human form; at the same Last Supper, He gave the Apostles and their successors the power to do what He had done; as a result we now have in the Eucharist the self-same Jesus Christ who lived and died on earth, who rose from the dead and ascended into heaven -- but without leaving the earth since He is literally with us in the Blessed Sacrament.
No wonder the priesthood takes on such breathtaking dignity, and priests, with all their human follies and weakness, are so important. They have the power that, by Christ's design alone makes the continual presence of the Incarnate Son of God on earth possible.
Without the priesthood, which means, without the Eucharist, God would of course be present on earth, as He was before the Incarnation. He has to be present in the world, to sustain the world in existence and to make possible every least activity of His creatures. But, before the Incarnation and except for the Incarnation, God was and would be present on earth only as God. He would not, however, be present as Man, which means He would not have begun to exercise His mercy and love and power in human beings with that plenitude of grace that began the moment He took flesh in the body of Mary.
What He began to do at Nazareth, as soon as He took abode in His Mother's womb, God continues to do in every Nazareth in the world, which means in every place where He is now present in the Holy Eucharist.
This is the principal message of Father Gerald Fitzgerald, and whatever value his insights will have in the lives of future generations of priests and people will derive from this simple, but frequently overlooked, article of the Catholic faith.
He is Here
It was this kind of literal understanding of Christ's human presence in the Eucharist, that Father Gerald promoted in all his writings and conferences, not only to priests but to all the faithful. He was fully conscious of the impression he was probably having on others by teaching what must have seemed a one-sided spirituality. But he frankly did not care. "You might say that I am a fanatic," he once told the Handmaids of the Precious Blood. "I hope I am. I hope I will be recognized as a fanatic lover of the Blessed Sacrament." (L-57).
In season and out of season, he advocated greater attention to Christ's Real Presence by telling everyone who was willing to listen to be present to this Presence as often and for as long as possible. It simply made "supernatural sense." Father Gerald's one concern was that priests, religious and the laity would ignore the One who lived among them, and ignoring Him would fail in their love. "It is a grace," he admitted, "that God has given to me since I was a small boy to understand the reality of God's presence in the Blessed Sacrament." (L-55). This grace led him to the priesthood and to his apostolate for wandering shepherds who had gone astray.
Father Gerald was sure that devotion to this Presence was the key to sound Christian living, as neglect of this Presence was the basic reason for the failures in the Christian life. "If there have been great failures among priests and religious," he declared, "it has all come about because even as yet the meaning of the Blessed Sacrament has not been comprehended. 'He comes unto His own and His own received Him not. He was in the world and the world knew Him not!" (L-55). This refers not only to the Jewish people at the beginning of the Christian era. It refers to believing Catholics now. In fact, "what is far sadder, we who comprehend the Blessed Sacrament, leave Our Lord alone. There is something terribly lacking. If Our Lord would be like the ordinary human being and equivalently lose His temper and raise His voice, He would say, 'What are you doing?' Are you forgetting that I am the Lord? Is work so important?' " (L-56). There is something wrong.
Think of the big city parishes. Thousands of souls -- how easy for the fervent pastor to arrange that the door of his church would never be locked, and that night and day this faithful would be there. Always there would be somebody with Our Lord.
I was once the Curate of a little parish. Without any great difficulty we arranged that there should be a parishioner from the end of Mass in the morning until the time of locking up in the evening with Our Lord. The parishioners undertook to take one hour one day a week. And so we arranged that Our Lord should never be alone. Now is there anything more important than that? (L-57).
The same applies to religious communities. Writing in 1956, before the post-conciliar revolution, Father Gerald made some sage, almost prophetic observations.
All communities are crying for vocations. How the vocations would flow in where there would be perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament! How much stronger and finer and holier would be the vocations. Where can our teaching Sisters secure the spiritual energy to carry on their difficult and physically exhausting work, except by a great love for the Master in His Sacrament of Love? If the novice were made to realize the reality of the Blessed Sacrament then there would be fewer who would later fall away. Sisters would be happier because they would understand who It is Who loves them.
Dear Sisters, love the Blessed Sacrament. It is the answer to everything in our lives. For a while we may be in a place where everything is very, very agreeable. But what guarantee have we? Superiors change -- we may have a superior who pleases us completely, but a little telegram from the mother-house may change it all. We must not build our lives around things that can be so quickly changed and lost. Our health, our cell, everything.
What is the one unchanging thing that we can have in our religious life? Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of His Love. (L-58).
The same with priests. Father Gerald makes bold to say that defections from the priesthood are mainly due to neglect of devotion to the Holy Eucharist. He goes still further to claim that, "If a priest does not love the Blessed Sacrament today he will lose his soul, or be saved only by the tremendous mercy of God and the prayers of Our Blessed Mother."
Then speaking of both vocations, it is "No wonder souls lose courage, no wonder priests and sisters fall away and turn back, seeking earthly love. They have not realized that Divine Love was so close to them." (L-57).
In every state of life, the secret of Christian happiness and the one means available for drawing close to God on earth as the precondition for union with Him in heaven is the God-man living and waiting for our affection in the Holy Eucharist.
The easy way to love God is in the Blessed Sacrament. What could be easier? Here is Bethlehem, here is Calvary, here is the glorious Ascension. Here is the little Christ Child climbing up on Joseph's lap to give him his morning kiss. Here is the little Christ-Child coming to His Mother and asking her to take Him into her arms and put Him to bed. Here is the great Virgin-Lover Who is able as only God to give Himself whole and entire to each of us because He loves us.
What is the Blessed Sacrament? The Blessed Sacrament is All Love loving. That makes a beautiful definition of God. He needs to be our All. (Lshy;60).
Addressing himself to women, whose natural affectivity would understand, but speaking through them to believers of both genders, Father Gerald could not have been plainer.
Even if you had the happiest of human homes, even if you had the greatest sense of security, the love of the finest earthly husband and children, it would only be for a few years. Your boy could be sent to war and you never see him again. Even in all your happiness could you ever have perfect happiness? Sooner or later you would know that your husband has made an appointment with a heart specialist and that he was hiding something from you. Finally you discover that he knew that he only had a certain number of years to live. The shadow of the cross lies over every life. It can't be otherwise because only by the cross can we be redeemed. And the cross is terribly hard unless we love the Corpus on it.
The Blessed Sacrament is for us the Corpus on the Cross. It is for us Mother and Father, and brother and sister, and Bridegroom and Bride. It's All. Here is all the tenderness of the Eternal Father. Here is the source of that little mysterious throbbing of your heart which means that you are living.
"0 Lord Jesus, like a child who only knows that the Blessed Sacrament is Jesus, teach us that which is the supreme wisdom of all the Catholic philosophies. St. Augustine was a lover. That is the secret of sanctity, to be a lover of God. Here in the Blessed Sacrament is everything. Here is All Love, loving. (L-61,62).
In the presence of the Real Presence, we should hold nothing back. "Bring your troubles. Bring Him your joys. Bring Him your sorrows." (Lshy;62). Why? Because from Him we can receive the grace to suffer in patience and to accept His gifts in peace.
Power Goes Out From Him
In his encyclical, The Redeemer of Man, Pope John Paul II speaks of the Eucharist as a sacrament on each of its three levels of conferring grace. "It is at one and the same time," the Pope says, "a sacrifice-sacrament, a communion-sacrament, and a presence-sacrament" (Redemptor Hominis, 20). This means that the Eucharist is a source of supernatural enlightenment for the mind, of strength for the will when the Sacrifice of the Mass is offered, when Holy Communion is received, but also whenever the Eucharistic Lord is worshipped in His Real Presence on the altar.
This third dimension of the Eucharist as presence-sacrament was especially stressed by Father Gerald. He recognized that our first responsibility to Christ's humanity in the Eucharist should be adoration and love, as expressions of a lively faith. But the Eucharist, as Presence, is also a sacrament. It confers the grace it signifies, here the grace of power to live up to the hard demands that the Savior makes on those whom He loves. And it is the "Blessed" Sacrament because, while giving the light and strength a person needs to serve the Master, it makes this service blessed by enabling the believer to be happy in serving the One Who is obeyed out of love.
But what Father Gerald never lost sight of is the power that Christ, now on earth, gives to those who in faith worship Him present in the Eucharist. Familiar passages in the Gospels about the Savior's capacity to teach and to heal are applied without apology to His continued capacity, now in the Eucharist, to do the same. When Christ said, "Behold I am with you all days, even to the consummation of the world," He meant it. "Let us put our problems away in the realization that He Who is all powerful is holding us in His arms." (K-26). And He is here, really here in the Eucharist. "On a second occasion, He said, 'Ask the Father anything in my name, because He knows that you love me.' That's enough. When a soul goes to God that loves Jesus, it has a wide-open door into the Presence of the Adorable Trinity." Why? Because, thanks to the Eucharist, "it is already there in the Heart of Jesus Christ." (K-26). Consequently, "realization of the Divine Presence" in the Blessed Sacrament, "cannot be overestimated." God is here with His infinite power, as Man, ready to help us in every way. "What have we to fear?"
All of this, however, presumes what Father Gerald never tired of repeating, that the believer believes that Jesus, Who is God, is present on earth and ready to work if need be, the same miracles He worked during His visible stay in Palestine.
The capstone of this faith in the sacramental energy that emanates from Christ's humanity was clearly revealed in the miraculous healing of the woman suffering from hemorrhage for twelve years. She touched the fringe of the Savior's cloak and the bleeding stopped at that instant. Jesus asked, "Who touched me?" When everyone around the Master denied touching Him, He insisted, "Somebody touched me. I feel that power had gone out from me." After the woman admitted having touched Jesus, He praised her, saying, "My daughter, your faith has restored you to health. Go in peace."
Provided we believe that the same Jesus is now among us, and present with the same almighty power, why should we not expect Him to work similar wonders today? "If we know how to touch the hem of Our Lord's garment in a spirit of simple faith, like the poor woman who was afflicted with an ailment, how swiftly we would be cured. This is what Our Lord invites us to do. Nolite timere. 'Don't be afraid.' " (K-26).
Faith generates trust, and trust is the foundation of peace. When Christ said, "Peace be with you," He meant it.
If we do not have peace, it is because we are refusing to listen to Our Lord and translate our faith into a reaction which should be as simple as this, "If I had a thousand problems when I came into this church, now I haven't any because I find You here, the God Who loves me and will take care of every problem of those who love You.' Have complete, absolute confidence.
God requires that we believe that He is what He declares Himself to be and what we know Him to be, the Son of the Living God. 'All power is given to Me in heaven and on earth.' So I would recommend to you to cash in on your faith, to cash in on personal peace of soul. No harm can come to you. You belong to Jesus Christ, and how He takes care of you!
So out of the depths of your heart, just have the gratitude that should come to our heart in saying, 'Well, here I am and here's my God. But since He is the physician, philosopher and the source of all healing and the beginning and end of all peace and of my journey, so if I am here, like a tired little child, I can drop my head down on the knees of Jesus Christ and say when He asks, 'Have you anything bothering you?' `No, Lord, how could I have anything bothering me when I am with You?'
This is what leads to comprehension of Divine Truth, of the realization of the living Presence of Jesus Christ in our midst. Out of this there should flow a depth of tranquillity, an impenetrable stronghold of serenity of mind to outer senses and the exterior part of the soul, which is in contact with the changing and fickle and unreasonable world of emptiness and the crucifying physical universe, which is simply working out God's rationality and the purifying processes of our souls for eternity.
There should be in our souls one supreme point of peace in the realization that though high winds come, winter or summer, storm or flood, fire or war, nothing shall separate us individually from the peace of God which is in Christ Jesus Who is with me, on earth, only a few feet away. (Kshy;26, 27).
Not many masters of the spiritual life have been as unqualifyingly clear about Christ's human presence on earth in the Eucharist as Father Gerald. What he says about the supreme point of peace from realizing that Jesus is "with me on earth, only a few feet away" is no pious exaggeration. It is the experience of everyone whose faith in the Real Presence has become a living reality.
Handmaids of the Precious Blood
Copyright © 1998 by Inter Mirifica
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February is the Month the Church Dedicates to the Most Holy Trinity
“And there are three who give testimony
in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost. And these three are one.”
(I St. John, v. 7)
Glory be to thee O Co-equal Trinity, one God-head before all ages, now, and for evermore. From whom are all things; thro’ whom are all things; in whom are all things; to Him be glory for ever.
The Famous Creed based on the Trinitarian Doctrine is the Athanasian Creed. It is also focused on Christology. The Latin name of the creed, “Quicunque Vult,” is taken from the opening words, "Whoever wishes". This creed explicitly states the equality of the three persons of the Trinity.
The mystery of the ever-adorable Trinity is the foundation of the Christian religion, the Master-Dogma of the Catholic Faith, and is firmly to be believed and assented to, though incomprehensible to human reason. What the Christian Church teaches us, with regard to this mystery, in a few words, is this: There is only one supreme Eternal God, Creator of heaven and earth, in three divine Persons, the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, really distinct one from the other. For the Father is not the Son, nor the Holy Ghost; nor is the Son the Father, or the Holy Ghost; nor is the Holy Ghost the Father, or the Son. The Father is from no other: The Son was born of the Father from all eternity, and is equal to him in power and majesty, of the same nature and substance: The Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father and Son from all eternity, is equal to them in power and majesty, of the same nature and substance with them. So that the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are the One, supreme, Eternal Being; and consequently, tho’ the Father be God, the Son be God, and the Holy Ghost be God, they are but One God equally to be praised, adored, and worshiped for ever.
Let us therefore this month beg Almighty God to preserve us in this Faith, and continue to teach us to submit our reason to revelation. Let us offer our prayers for those unhappy men, who, taking their weak reason for the standard of all truth, impiously give the lie to the Almighty, and refuse to believe God, when he himself teaches us (through the Church) what we are to believe concerning him.
Below listed are the feasts falling in February 2021:
February 1: St. Ignatius (of Antioch), Bishop and Martyr, Double.
February 3: Commemoration of St. Blase Bishop and Martyr.
February 4: St. Andrew Corsini Bishop and Confessor, Double.
February 7: Sexagesima Sunday, Double; Commemoration of St. Romuald Abbot.
February 8: St. John of Matha Confessor, Double.
February 9: Commemoration of the Passion of Christ (Tuesday after Sexagesima Sunday); St. Cyril Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double; Commemoration of St. Apollonia Virgin Martyr.
February 10: St. Scholastica Virgin, Double.
February 13: Mass of the Season
February 14: Shrove Sunday/Quinquagesima Sunday, Double; Commemoration of St. Valentine Priest and Martyr.
February 15: Shrove Monday/Commemoration of Ss. Faustinus and Jovita Martyrs.
February 16: Holy Face of our Lord Jesus Christ (Shrove Tuesday).
(THE HOLY SEASON OF LENT BEGINS)
February 18: Commemoration of St. Simeon Bishop and Martyr.
February 19: The sacred Crown of Thorns (Friday after Ash Wednesday).
February 20: Mass of the Season
February 21: I Sunday of Lent, Double of the I Class.
February 22: Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, Greater Double; Commemoration of St. Paul.
February 25: Mass of the Season
February 28: II Sunday of Lent, Double of the I Class.
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost;
as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. | <urn:uuid:1dd63e17-f014-4002-a98b-526600b06c99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.aihmary.com/433763651/6999423/posting/february-2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937263 | 936 | 2.375 | 2 |
EMODnet is a network of organisations working together to observe the sea, to make the marine data collected freely available and interoperable, to create seamless data layers across sea-basins and to distribute the data and data products through the Internet. The primary aim of EMODnet is to unlock existing but fragmented and hidden marine data and make them accessible for a wide range of users including private bodies, public authorities and researchers.
Established in 2017 as a spin-off from Seascape Consultants Ltd, Seascape Belgium provides high-level advice and sustainable solutions for key stakeholders in the rapidly developing blue economy, including from maritime industry, policymakers, regulatory bodies and civil society. Our team consists of marine science, data and policy experts providing services related to policy advice, research project management and communication, organization of workshops and conferences and stakeholder facilitation. Seascape Belgium specialists have expertise in the fields of ocean governance, maritime spatial planning, oceanography, marine biodiversity, data management and GIS, marine biotechnology, seafloor geology and ocean literacy. Programme management is a key part of our portfolio with our senior partners enjoying well-established and productive relationships with stakeholders across the EU and internationally.
Seascape Belgium staff currently coordinate the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) as well as the development of the European Atlas of the Seas (EAS). Seascape Belgium is also a supporting partner in selected Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe projects. | <urn:uuid:4774da81-cef7-45f2-b8f1-ebe94c98fe96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seascapebelgium.be/about-us | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.912402 | 299 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Being a long-term care administrator is one of the most demanding and one of the most rewarding careers an individual can choose.
To celebrate Long Term Care Administrator’s Week 2016, ANHA.org researched the administrators we’ve profiled over the years and identified five traits that make them successful. Here’s a summary:
1. Identify What Works
How well his or her center scores on its annual survey by the Alabama Department of Public Health goes a long way in determining an administrator’s success. Englewood Health Care Center has earned deficiency free surveys four times since 2010. Administrator Keith Baggett identifies the three things that helps the center sustain success in “A Track Record of Quality Health Care.”
2. Invest in the Next Generation
Today’s college students will be tomorrow’s long-term care administrators. One of the best ways for them to learn is by hearing from people who live in nursing homes. Administrator and UAB professor Patrick Nicovich invited a nursing home resident to speak to Health Care Management students. She shared her experiences as a resident and what she expects in a good administrator in “College Students Learn Life Lessons from Ms. Alabama Nursing Home.”
3. Be Flexible
Administrators have to be willing to make changes. Sometimes, he or she must to completely alter the course of their skilled nursing care center. Trina Vines did exactly that when she took the reins at Oak Trace Care & Rehab Center four years ago. Today, the center is the top performer in its company, has won numerous awards and recently celebrated a deficiency free survey. Trina explains how is all happened in “Nursing Center Finds Success by Taking a New Approach.”
4. Love What You Do
You’ll never be a successful administrator if you don’t love what you do and the people you serve. That was the theme from our Q&A with Laura Saxon and Trent Jackson for Long Term Care Administrator’s Week 2015. Laura and Trent answer several questions about their careers and why they chose this profession in “A Labor of Love.”
The constantly changing world of health care is enough to make anyone throw in the towel. That’s when you have to keep moving forward. A perfect example is Rev. George Jackson. At 88-years-old, he is Alabama’s oldest active administrator and shows no signs of slowing down. Read “Leading the Way: 88 Years Old and Still Going Strong” to learn more about his life and why he continues to work full-time.
Alabama Board of Examiners of Nursing Home Administrators
Click here to learn more about what’s required to become a licensed nursing home administrator in Alabama.
About Long-Term Care Administrator’s Week
The American College of Health Care Administrators (ACHCA) is the sponsor of Long-Term Care Administrator’s Week, March 13-19, 2016. Founded in 1962, ACHCA is the only professional association devoted solely to meeting the professional needs of today’s post-acute and ageing services administrators and executives. Focused on advancing leadership excellence, ACHCA provides professional education and certification to administrators from across the spectrum of long-term care. | <urn:uuid:0a183985-b27e-4a9b-a562-66dc97d63133> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://anha.org/5-traits-of-successful-nursing-home-administrators/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941911 | 688 | 1.601563 | 2 |
How long did it take me to type the above? Oh, about 5.917 seconds. With any luck, that is how long it will take me to write this blog post tonight as well.
You see, this latest Don’t Blink entry is less about words and more about letters. This evening we are talking about a CHALLENGE.
While watching TikTok, Sid saw a video that showed people engaging in the Alphabet Challenge (#typethealphabet). The objective is simple: type the Alphabet as fast as you can. Smart phones need not apply for this one, a keyboard is required.
Once you have the website up, you simply start typing…as fast as you possibly can. It is almost like starting and stopping a stopwatch—you can’t just do it once. It is a little addicting and you will want to keep trying to set a new personal record.
But don’t let yourself be your only competition. It is more a thrill to compete against someone else. Sid and I went a few rounds on Sunday and I came out the victor. Who will you challenge? Or, an even better question, can you beat me?! Don’t Blink. | <urn:uuid:c9d3f3fa-29f7-4cc3-be93-83a7c5054ef2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://brentreser.com/tag/alphabet-challenge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942582 | 269 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Contact: Danielle Beatty Moody, PhD
For Release: Immediately
Black people’s risk of suffering a stroke between the ages of 45 and 65 is more than three times as high as the risk faced by whites. But well-known stroke risk factors—for example, cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity—can only explain about half of this huge disparity.
There is a known link between feeling discriminated against and greater intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries; thicker carotid arteries correlate with greater risk for stroke and heart attack. Now a pioneering new study suggests that when blacks report having many symptoms of depression, that seems to amplify the impact of discrimination to significantly increase the narrowing of carotid arteries, which could boost the risk for stroke.
The study, published ahead of print, will appear in a forthcoming issue of Psychosomatic Medicine, journal of the American Psychosomatic Society.
One unusual aspect of the research was asking the 1,941 participants about discriminatory experiences due to a variety of possible causes such as race, religion, gender, weight, sexual orientation, income and disability. There were 1,097 black participants and 844 whites. They all filled out questionnaires about how often they had experienced discrimination in varied settings and how much harder it had made their lives. They also completed a checklist that measures symptoms of depression. Scientists used ultrasound equipment to take their carotid artery measurements.
For white people, there was no significant relationship between discrimination, depression and carotid artery thickness, says study author Danielle Beatty Moody, PhD, Associate Professor of Psychology at University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
But among blacks, the more discrimination they reported of any kind—for example, it also could be due to gender or income—and the worse depressive symptom score they had, the greater the narrowing of their carotid artery. Depression may accelerate the stressful effects of enduring bias. Those with the highest levels of discriminatory experiences and depression symptoms could be at peak risk for stroke, suggests Moody.
Feeling mistreated because of someone’s bias may prompt ruminating and stewing over the bad experience, which could raise blood pressure and so contribute to stroke risk, says senior author Alan Zonderman, PhD, senior investigator in the National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health.
“If you feel battered by not being treated well in your interactions with others– against a backdrop of a low mood– both act as physiological stressors which can promote greater inflammation in your body.” And that, too, could lead to more artery blockage, adds Moody.
Depression symptoms also are likely to intensify the destructive physical punch of discrimination because people feeling down are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors such as using cigarettes and sleeping poorly, and less likely to take needed medication. These behaviors can increase the risk of stroke.
The study findings suggest physicians should be giving brief depression screenings to patients, with particularly great need for “culturally-tailored assessments” for minority patients, says Moody. “We have to look at the lived experiences of patients … Our research shows what happens on an individual level. But we need society-level changes, new policies that even could drive changes in the training of medical students.”
The American Psychosomatic Society (APS) (http://www.psychosomatic.org),
founded in 1942, is an international multidisciplinary academic society that conducts an annual scientific meeting and educational programs. Psychosomatic Medicine is its scientific journal. The membership of over 700 is composed of academic scientists and clinicians in medicine, psychiatry, epidemiology, health psychology and allied health services. The mission of the APS is “to advance and integrate the scientific study of biological, psychological, behavioral and social factors in health and disease.” | <urn:uuid:4d4486b6-6074-4b1a-8896-534bf1555dc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://psychosomatic.org/news-release/depression-may-worsen-the-unhealthy-impact-of-discrimination-on-blacks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94828 | 789 | 2.40625 | 2 |
The federal government says its emissions trading scheme will be designed to protect jobs.
The emission heavy zinc industry is warning up to 3,000 jobs will be at risk if the government rushes to implement a scheme by 2010.
Nyrstar, which produces zinc and lead, says its smelters will no longer be viable under the emissions trading scheme, which will cost it $70 million in carbon taxes.
It wants to qualify for the same government assistance available to the steel and aluminium industries.
Industry Minister Kim Carr said the government is working closely with industry to design a scheme that will protect jobs.
"I've got every confidence that we can ensure we have a good program, that we have a scheme that actually moves to protect jobs, that strengthens the Australian economy," Senator Carr told Network Ten.
"We are speaking to a wide-range of companies about their immediate prospects.
"I'm confident we can get through these without serious difficulties." | <urn:uuid:0fb90dec-705f-41b8-a89f-16195b312ffc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theage.com.au/national/ets-scheme-will-protect-jobs-carr-20081116-67tt.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959025 | 195 | 1.921875 | 2 |
China's soft power plays aren't new to Australia, but have they shifted up a gear?
The Chinese consulate is accused of trying to thwart the activities of Chinese Australian organisations. This is how representatives of the Chinese diaspora respond.
There are around 600,000 international students in Australia and 175,000 are from China and Hong Kong. That puts the Chinese Government in a very good position to leverage their soft power through their students and their young professionals.
William Zhao's parents are both members of the Communist Party of China, and he used to be a member of the party's youth league.
He says if he had stayed in China it is likely he would have joined the Communist Party and become a public servant — something his father wanted him to do.
William concedes the way the Chinese Government runs the Asian superpower isn't best practice, but he thinks it is necessary for economic growth.
He adds that Western practices cannot be applied to China and that the Western media does not give Chinese authorities a fair go.
William graduated from the University of Sydney last year with a Master of Commerce in Banking.
At university he was the national vice president of the Council of International Students Australia (CISA).
In his student representative role he had regular contact with the Chinese consulate. William characterises his contact with the consulate as personal and informal.
William says exchanging information with the Chinese consulate about students isn't spying, but is transparent and necessary.
Many people call Falun Gong practitioners social activists because they believe that what they say reveals social injustice in China. I am sceptical of these claims because when you dig into the fliers, it's difficult to verify what they are actually claiming.
Xi Chen is a 23-year-old Chinese woman studying Asian studies and digital cultures at the University of Sydney.
Her parents in China are both members of the Communist Party of China but she also had relatives jailed during Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution.
Xi thinks that territorial disputes in the South China Sea are perceived by the Western media as simply power plays, but that actually the problem is one of Chinese sovereignty.
She says there is a distinct anti-China agenda emanating from the Western media.
In relation to human rights, Xi doesn't defend China but says that American interrogation methods have also come under scrutiny.
She says that some groups in China such as the LGBTI community may need assistance in protecting their human rights.
Xi says she is unsure how she feels about potentially criticising the Communist Party of China, because she has not found anything that could warrant criticism.
Based on her experience socialising in Chinese student associations, Xi says she can't imagine anyone speaking out against the Communist Party.
China and the West have different approaches when it comes to human rights. In the West there's a huge emphasis on individual rights whereas in China the collective is made a priority. Because of this some people might find themselves having their human rights violated.
Sheryn Li is an Australian born woman from a Chinese family and says she can be critical of the Communist regime.
She is a member of the Australian-Chinese Cultural Appreciation Society, known as "chopsticks" for short.
Sheryn says the group doesn't often discuss politics, but that amongst those involved there is a willingness to criticise the Chinese Government.
In relation to controlling what the group talks about, Sheryn says it would be very difficult for anyone outside the group to be influential. She notes that Chinese international student exclusive societies may have a different experience with freedom of expression.
Sheryn says her friends regularly criticise political parties and she views this as constructive as long as it is not insulting.
She is currently completing a university degree.
Invisible power makes us feel fear. I have to go back to China to see my parents. If I was walking on the streets in China and someone doesn't like me, they can make something happen like an accident and put me in jail.
JP Cheng was the president of the Chinese Professionals Club of Australia.
The club socialised and networked. Each year, around the time of the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre, they would reflect on life in their home country.
In 2008 JP was asked to provide a list of the group's members to the Chinese consulate and he refused.
Following JP's refusal, he says pro-Beijing people stacked the annual general meeting, became members and took control of the club. They introduced new rules that included not talking about issues deemed to be sensitive such as the Tiananmen Square massacre.
JP left the club and almost a decade later helped form a new Chinese Australian group called Australian Values Alliance.
That group set up a successful petition against proposed concerts in honour of Mao Zedong in Sydney and Melbourne.
But just recently JP says there's been an attempt to infiltrate his new group. | <urn:uuid:f482c3c6-3384-4494-b133-3723d3983971> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-18/chinese-soft-power-play-targets-australian-university-students/7922390?nw=0&pfm=sm&r=HtmlFragment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.976716 | 998 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Once you take them out of the box, your first experience with Q36.5’s bib shorts may be a little strange. Their look, the way they feel in your hands, and the way they feel when you put them on…it can all seem a bit extreme, foreign and almost dangerous. It can be scary, a little like stepping into the cockpit of a Formula One race car for the first time and being told to get out on the track and race it. Or it can get your heart racing, a little like offering a hormonal 15 year old a Team Malossi-modified Piaggio Zip scooter and telling him to go have fun. But fear not, and brace yourself to feel the difference.
The tension you feel when you first put on the Q36.5 Bib Short, which makes it uncomfortable to stand up straight, is a deliberate piece of engineering and is nothing to worry about.
The Salopette has been calibrated to offer support and comfort in the riding position only.
Once you are on the bike or in a riding position, the tension will disappear and the bib shorts will feel like a second skin.
In turn, this support produces an increased awareness of the way in which your limbs are moving and thus helps you focus on your pedalling technique.
By increasing your awareness of the position of your limbs and the manner in which you are pedalling, the Salopette becomes a ‘silent teacher’.
The most extreme yet subtle tuning achieved through these ergogenic characteristics occurs from the the way in which the fabric used on the leg panels has been cut to run in a diagonal axis across the muscles , rather than straight across.
The cut was engineered this way so that the elastic return of the Salopette’s fabric is calibrated to synchronise with the moment in the peddling revolution when the leg “returns” to its uppermost position. The fabric “snaps back” at the same time the leg returns up (the weakest moment of the peddling action), guiding and supporting its motion.
If this effect, called “Vectorial Elasticity” by Q36.5, were any less subtle it might be considered illegal by cycling’s governing bodies!
As the hours of a ride tick by and the effects of fatigue begin to kick in, another set of qualities of Q36.5’s Salopette can begin to be felt.
A reduced level of muscle fatigue achieved by the aforementioned lumbar support coupled with the muscle stabilisation from the leg panels, minimise fatigue felt by sustained exposure to bumps and vibrations of the road surface. | <urn:uuid:28038fbe-4c99-436b-bd6f-30006ce41049> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.q36-5.com/it/targeted-ergogenic-support/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.9433 | 549 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Readers ask: How Early Did You Get A Positive Pregnancy Test With Pcos?
- 1 Can PCOS delay a positive pregnancy test?
- 2 How early can you get a positive pregnancy test result?
- 3 Can PCOS feel like pregnancy?
- 4 Do PCOS symptoms go away when pregnant?
- 5 Does masturbation cause PCOS?
- 6 Can you get a positive pregnancy test at 3 weeks?
- 7 How long does it take for hCG to show up in urine?
- 8 What is the hCG level at 1 week?
- 9 How likely am I to get pregnant with PCOS?
- 10 What is the best age to get pregnant with PCOS?
- 11 Can I have a baby with PCOS?
- 12 What is a PCOS belly?
- 13 How can I manage PCOS during pregnancy?
- 14 Does PCOS increase chances of twins?
Can PCOS delay a positive pregnancy test?
Your hormone levels are irregular when you have PCOS, so false negatives are definitely possible. You may attempt to test for pregnancy shortly after your missed period and get a negative result even though you’ve conceived.
How early can you get a positive pregnancy test result?
If you are pregnant, you will need to begin prenatal care. Home pregnancy tests can differ in how early they’ll detect a pregnancy. In many cases, you might get a positive from an at-home test as early as 10 days after conception. For a more accurate result, wait until after you’ve missed your period to take a test.
Can PCOS feel like pregnancy?
Early pregnancy symptoms in women with PCOS are similar to those of women without PCOS. Women with PCOS are usually advised not to take pregnancy tests before a missed period and to avoid using “early result” pregnancy tests because false negatives are more likely to occur with those types of tests.
Do PCOS symptoms go away when pregnant?
If you’re diagnosed with PCOS, you may need to continue to manage symptoms even after pregnancy. But symptoms and severity can vary. Sometimes the hormonal fluctuations after pregnancy and breast-feeding can change the symptoms, so it may be awhile before you settle into your new “normal.”
Does masturbation cause PCOS?
Unrestricted sociosexuality, unrestricted desire, romantic interest in women, and masturbation frequency were all positively associated with PCOS symptoms (including male pattern hair growth).
Can you get a positive pregnancy test at 3 weeks?
Pregnancy Tests It’s too early to take a home pregnancy test in week 3. But, by the middle or later part of next week, you might be able to detect the pregnancy hormone hCG in your urine with a sensitive early test.
How long does it take for hCG to show up in urine?
It appears shortly after the embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus. If you are pregnant, this hormone increases very rapidly. If you have a 28 day menstrual cycle, you can detect hCG in your urine 12-15 days after ovulation.
What is the hCG level at 1 week?
Average hCG levels: Less than 10 U/L in non-pregnant women. 10 to 25 U/L for a ‘borderline’ pregnancy result. more than 25 U/L for a postive result.
How likely am I to get pregnant with PCOS?
Most women with PCOS have a 20 to 40 percent chance of getting pregnant with IVF treatment. Women who are 35 years old and older or who are overweight have a lower chance of getting pregnant.
What is the best age to get pregnant with PCOS?
Pregnancy in women with PCOS Fertility usually declines after the age of 32, and will substantially decrease after the age of 37. If the egg count is good then the patients will have sustained fertility even up to 37 years of age. 6
Can I have a baby with PCOS?
Having PCOS does not mean you can’t get pregnant. PCOS is one of the most common, but treatable, causes of infertility in women. In women with PCOS, the hormonal imbalance interferes with the growth and release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation). If you don’t ovulate, you can’t get pregnant.
What is a PCOS belly?
As the most common hormonal problem for women of childbearing years, PCOS sets up a hormonal chaos that encourages belly fat weight gain. Fat storage in PCOS primarily affects the abdomen, especially the lower abdomen. Factors that contribute to belly fat include: Fluctuations in hormones. Insulin resistance.
How can I manage PCOS during pregnancy?
Since many women choose to take metformin during pregnancy for the benefits discussed previously, they may be inclined to continue taking metformin while they breast-feed to prevent a “rebounding” of PCOS symptoms after birth, control insulin levels, and possibly help produce an adequate milk supply.
Does PCOS increase chances of twins?
Nine (9%) multiple pregnancies occurred in the PCOS group: seven sets of twins and two sets of triplets. In the control group, there were eight multiple pregnancies: seven sets of twins and one set of triplets. The odds ratio for multiple pregnancy in women with PCOS was 9.0 (95% CI 3.5–23). | <urn:uuid:3e4386e3-f8df-4159-9697-4f4c0b7b8856> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wvhcf.org/pregnancy/readers-ask-how-early-did-you-get-a-positive-pregnancy-test-with-pcos.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927002 | 1,134 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Sailor Jerry loved ships and held master papers on every major type of vessel. His legendary clipper ship tattoos represent both the call to adventure and the determination to be “Homeward Bound”. And they’re eminently seaworthy – Jerry always inked his riggings to be nautically accurate.
Likewise, what tattoo is Sailor Jerry?
Norman “Sailor Jerry” Jerry Collins defines American traditional tattoo. His groundbreaking flash designs and tattoo art were influenced by Sailor Jerry’s colorful life and the experiences those visiting his Honolulu studio looked to permanently remember.
In this way, why did sailors get swallow tattoos?
The swallow tattoo was a symbol used historically by sailors to show off their sailing experience. Of British origin in the early days of sailing, it was the image of a barn swallow, usually tattooed on the chest, hands or neck. … It is also said that if the sailor drowns, the swallows will carry his soul to heaven.
How did Sailor Jerry die?
The roots of ancient nautical tattoos date back thousands of years. … The roots of ancient nautical tattoos date back thousands of years. Nowadays anyone can get a tattoo of an anchor, sailboat or dolphin, but in the past, tattoos had a specific meaning.
Here are seven tattoos that actually look better as you age, according to tattoo artists.
- Tattoos That Were Cared For Properly At The Beginning. …
- Tattoos In Places With Little Friction. …
- Tattoos That Stay Out Of The Sun. …
- Black And Greyscale Tattoos. …
- Tattoos With A Bold Design. …
- Tattoos On The Right Layer Of Skin. …
- Larger Tattoos.
Common Sailor Jerry Rum Prices
|750ml||$18.99 – $21.99|
|Sailor Jerry Spiced Rum||1L||$19.99 – $22.99|
|1.75L||$24.99 – $28.99|
A teardrop tattoo is a small tattoo in the shape of a teardrop near one or both eyes. It is closely associated with gang and prison culture, where it often indicates one has served time, one has been humiliated, or one has killed. Others may get such a tattoo to represent sorrow or loss.
Heart tattoos do represent a multitude of things. When it comes to religion, heart tattoos usually represent the Christian symbol of a sacred heart. … Other meaning of heart tattoos can be compassion, true love or courage, and can therefore be used to express love, grief, loss or memorial to the deceased.
The design was created and popularized by the grandfather of Los Angeles tattoo artistry: Bert Grimm. … A crying heart is not only a tribute to the loss you’ve endured, it’s also a callback to the history of tattooing and praise of all the ink that came before you.
So a swallow tattoo represents the revival of hope and love. Two lovers might display swallow tattoos on their bodies as an expression of their deep rooted affection for each other. And, of course, the swallow symbolizes freedom.
Although the hummingbird tattoo often represents overcoming difficult times, it also has many other meanings, including love, joy, hope, life, and charm, and to many different cultures and people, the hummingbird is a symbol of peace. This tattoo can also represent freedom. …
Pirates of the Caribbean put a lot of work into background details, but one of Jack Sparrow’s tattoos makes no sense for his character. … “Jack (the) Sparrow“. It represents his happiness for the ocean, the sparrow is a free bird. | <urn:uuid:a8886630-6538-4f4c-91d0-4f08ea80b8fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bodysjewelryreviews.com/what-do-sailor-jerry-tattoos-mean-9bd891d3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93753 | 791 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Want to start using an iPad, but really not sure what the little circular button is even called? This course is for you:
Be sure to open/download these links on an iPad – every poster has ‘clickable links’ for each app…
The Original!!! Blooms/SAMR. With ‘live’ embedded links!
iPad Apps for Learners with Dyslexia/Reading and Writing Difficulties
iPad Apps for Complex Communication Support Needs:Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
Apps for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Bloom’s Taxonomy (Teach with your iPad)
For those establishments who can see open-source community (and pricing) benefits of Android, it may seem a little harder to find help/support for Android devices. Fear not! Stirling & Clackmannanshire are ‘device agnostic’ in our approach. We aim to support all devices that support learning & teaching.
More Android (and Windows) posts to follow….
In the meantime, click here, for an ‘Android app wheel’ poster PDF for Learners with Dyslexia / Reading and Writing Difficulties.
As with the other app wheels, it is best to download/open it on the Android device itself, as all of the images on the PDF are ‘clickable links’.
The credit for this particular wheel again, goes to our colleagues in Call Scotland. Se more here: | <urn:uuid:c59c5f5c-0170-430b-bac5-fab2a1f69a64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.glowscotland.org.uk/st/sctech4learning/2015/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.855454 | 497 | 2.328125 | 2 |
How to Have a Happier Workplace
Work can be serious business, but focusing on tasks and goals doesn't have to preclude having a happy workplace. Satisfied, productive and fulfilled employees are the key to good morale in a company. Create a sense of shared purpose, with management and employees working in tandem toward company goals, and reward people for accomplishments. You don't necessarily have to spend much on rewards and perks. The goal is to let employees know they are valued, which can help create a happy atmosphere.
When you hire new employees, bring people on board who fit your company culture and who are enthusiastic about the company goals and mission. Assess a potential employee's personality through pre-employment tests and interviews. Personality traits such as optimism, resourcefulness and cheerfulness can help create smooth working relationships among co-workers. People who smile regularly tend to contribute to a happy atmosphere in the workplace.
Allow employees the freedom to make decisions and be responsible for their work. Monitoring every move an employee makes can cause dissatisfaction, low morale and low productivity. Delegate tasks and trust employees to be responsible for completing them. People who feel valued and that they are doing meaningful work contribute to a happy workplace.
Keep the lines of communication open between management and employees. An open-door policy allows employees to air concerns or complaints before they become serious issues. Offer a way for employees to make suggestions for improving the efficiency of the company and make it clear that suggestions will be considered. Be as transparent as possible about company goals and initiatives to prevent rumors and speculation from running rampant in the office.
Employees are increasingly concerned about work-life balance and companies that offer flexibility in working arrangements often find increased levels of satisfaction among employees. If it is appropriate, consider offering employees flexible work hours, job sharing, time off to attend family events or the ability to work from home on certain days.
While raises and bonuses are traditional ways to reward employees and shouldn't be overlooked, there are other ways to show workers that they are appreciated. Celebrating employee accomplishments could be as simple as a blurb in a company newsletter or a note from a manager thanking the person for a job well done. Reward employees for good performance with an extra day off or celebrate the completion of a project with a company luncheon.
People work hard and a few lighthearted moments can help ease tension, relieve stress and create a happy atmosphere. Throw a party once a month for every employee who is having a birthday in that month, complete with cake and ice cream. Take the office out for bowling or to the movies once a month. Offer an informal breakfast gathering once a week. Put up a bulletin board in the break room with funny pictures and jokes. Work hard to make your employees smile and laugh, and they will reward you with a happy workplace.
Since 1997, Maria Christensen has written about business, history, food, culture and travel for diverse publications. She ran her own business writing employee handbooks and business process manuals for small businesses, authored a guidebook to Seattle, and works as an accountant for a software company. Christensen studied communications at the University of Washington and history at Armstrong Atlantic State University. | <urn:uuid:28b1c182-4b85-4270-83cd-2cff7cd2a165> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smallbusiness.chron.com/happier-workplace-39412.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95396 | 681 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Beast by Donna Jo Napoli
“Beauty and the Beast” is one of the most retold fairy tales, I feel—the original text can be problematic, so it’s absolutely ripe for feminist retellings like Robin McKinley’s seminal Beauty, which started the trend and jumpstarted the idea that Belle is a bookworm. And yet, Donna Jo Napoli’s Beast is the first novel I’ve come across that tells the story from the Beast’s perspective. This recommendation is an oldie, coming from that time I read Nancy Pearl’s Book Lust and More Book Lust in a week in high school to start my now massive reading list, and I think it speaks volumes that I got around to it three years later.
Beast tells the fairy tale of “Beauty and the Beast” from the perspective of the Beast, here a Persian prince named Orasmyn. A sensitive and devout young man, Orasmyn nonetheless is secretly prideful, hating the idea of needing to rely on anyone else. When a servant points out that a camel slated for sacrifice is actually ineligible, Orasmyn refuses to find a replacement, and the camel’s death offends a pari (fairy), who turns him into a lion, in the hopes that his father will kill him on the hunt. Orasmyn escapes, first to India and then to France, seeking the one thing that might lift the curse—only the love of a woman can reacquaint him with love for God.
If you’re looking for a romantic retelling of “Beauty and the Beast” from the Beast’s perspective, Beast isn’t it. Its greatest—and perhaps only—charm lies in Orasmyn’s faith and culture. Napoli has clearly done tons of research, and I personally found it immensely fascinating. Orasmyn isn’t a horrible person who needs to be redeemed through love; the dark side his Belle struggles against is the lion in him taking over the man in him. He’s incredibly devout, and the bulk of the slim novel is about the tension between the amoral lion he’s threatening to become and the good Muslim he tries to be. In fact, the reason he’s cursed is because he disobeys divine law and sacrifices an animal who has suffered, and it’s that he’s paying for. Napoli leans heavily on the worldbuilding, managing to both evoke Orasmyn’s privileged and respectful world (both his parents love him, although he can be stand-offish to his mother and his father regrets that his son hates to hunt) and occasionally feel like a bit too much. Happily, Orasmyn’s voice is engaging, and there’s some business with the difference between Arabic and Persian, as Orasmyn ponders over his cultural heritage as he feels utterly out of depth with his religious heritage given his circumstances. It’s an intriguing conflict for him long before he must win the love of Belle.
Which is where the novel falls apart. Well, it really falls apart as soon as Orasmyn leaves Persia. There’s a brief sojourn in India where Orasmyn learns that he can’t be part of a pride, because lions won’t accept him—he’s pretty bad at being a lion—and then a chapter devoted to his traveling to France. Now, in a longer novel, this would be fine, but Beast abruptly ends at two hundred and fifty-five pages. When a page can’t wasted, it’s hard to see scenes like this, especially when only the last third of the novel is devoted to the actual story of “Beauty and the Beast”. It’s just insanely difficult to introduce a main character, let alone build a believable romance (always difficult when it comes to “Beauty and the Beast”), in the last third of a novel, and Napoli fails here. There’s some business with Belle being like a lioness, but it’s not developed, nor is her interest in Orasmyn’s religion, which informs the ending. Given the sheer amount of research, detail, and care that Napoli put into the first third of the novel, it feels a bit cheapened by its utter lack of development.
It’s a shame, really. It’s a fascinating concept, and I wonder if Napoli felt a bit hemmed by her audience; the ending is so abrupt that it seems so, which I hate. Not only can young adult readers take a longer and more in-depth novel, but the premise and promise of the first third really do deserve to be fully fleshed out. Here, it just feels like a sketch of a really good idea that goes lopsided in the middle. Sigh.
Bottom line: A fascinating first third goes utterly pear-shaped in Donna Jo Napoli’s Beast, which wastes quite a bit of pages on unimportant things and ends up feeling incredibly rushed when it comes to, say, the integral romance of the story. I’d say if you like, but it’s just disappointing to have such a good premise wasted.
I rented this book from the public library. | <urn:uuid:32a7d8b9-a266-460d-9daf-38b294e466f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theliteraryomnivore.wordpress.com/2012/09/05/review-beast/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956838 | 1,130 | 2.046875 | 2 |
- 1 Are you legally allowed to drink at 16?
- 2 What age should you start drinking?
- 3 What age can you drink at home UK?
- 4 Can you legally drink at 16 in South Africa?
- 5 Can a 13 year old work in a pub?
- 6 Can a 16 year old drink in a pub?
- 7 Will a sip of alcohol hurt my baby?
- 8 What is the appropriate age for dating?
- 9 Can a 5 year old drink alcohol UK?
- 10 Can a 12 year old drink alcohol?
- 11 Can you drink at 14 in the UK?
- 12 What is the minimum drinking age in South Africa?
- 13 Is there a drinking age in South Africa?
- 14 Why do teenagers drink alcohol?
Are you legally allowed to drink at 16?
It is illegal to buy alcohol for someone under 18 in a licensed premises, the only exception is for 16 or 17 year-olds who are allowed to drink beer, wine or cider with food if with an adult (but they may not buy the alcohol themselves). It is legal for anyone over 5 to drink alcohol.
What age should you start drinking?
The best solution for underage drinking is to talk to our kids, and talk early. Children start to think positively about alcohol around age 9-13, so the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends we start talking to our children about alcohol around age 9.
What age can you drink at home UK?
What age can children drink alcohol at home and what’s the legal drinking age in the UK? It is illegal to sell alcohol to anyone aged under 18 and for under 18s to buy or attempt to buy alcohol. However, children aged five to 16 are legally allowed to drink alcohol at home or on other private premises.
Can you legally drink at 16 in South Africa?
Jackie Nagtegaal, LAW FOR ALL’s Managing Director, points out: “ Not only is underage drinking in South Africa illegal, but The National Liquor Act (2003) says that no one may supply liquor to minors.” There is one exception: parents may, on occasion, give their child a moderate amount of alcohol, say for religious
Can a 13 year old work in a pub?
You cannot work in a pub or betting shops, or a workplace that has an age limit of 18 and above. You cannot work in an environment that may harm your health or your well-being or your education.
Can a 16 year old drink in a pub?
However, if you’re 16 or 17 and accompanied by an adult, you can drink (but not buy) beer, wine or cider with a meal. If you’re 16 or under, you may be able to go to a pub or premises that’s primarily used to sell alcohol if you’re accompanied by an adult.
Will a sip of alcohol hurt my baby?
Your baby cannot process alcohol as well as you can, and too much exposure to alcohol can seriously affect their development. Drinking alcohol, especially in the first 3 months of pregnancy, increases the risk of miscarriage, premature birth and your baby having a low birthweight.
What is the appropriate age for dating?
Teenage dating can be confusing for parents. Your child might not even wait for the teenage years before they ask you if they can “go out” with someone. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, kids start dating at an average age of 12 and a half for girls and 13 and a half for boys.
Can a 5 year old drink alcohol UK?
The law on drinking alcohol in the UK It is illegal for someone aged under 18 to try and buy alcohol. It is LEGAL to buy a child aged between 16-18 beer, wine or cider if they are eating a table meal at a licensed premises. It is LEGAL for a child aged 5-16 to drink alcohol at home or other licensed premises.
Can a 12 year old drink alcohol?
Official guidelines from the Department of Health are clear: children aged 15 or under should not drink alcohol.
Can you drink at 14 in the UK?
You can be stopped, fined or arrested by police if you’re under 18 and drinking alcohol in public. If you’re under 18, it’s against the law: for an adult to buy or try to buy alcohol for you. to drink alcohol in licensed premises (such as a pub or restaurant)
What is the minimum drinking age in South Africa?
The most common minimum age to purchase alcohol in Africa is 16. However, Angola (except Luanda Province), Central African Republic, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, and Togo have no laws on the books restricting the sale of alcohol to minors.
Is there a drinking age in South Africa?
The legal drinking age in South Africa could be changed from 18 years of age to 21. This comes after the Liquor Amendment Bill gained momentum in early 2018, and is now in front of Cabinet awaiting to be passed through Parliament.
Why do teenagers drink alcohol?
Why teenagers drink alcohol For many young people, trying alcohol is a normal part of growing up. For example, having friends and fitting in are very important to teenagers. Your child might drink to feel part of a peer group or because he feels it gives him some status in his peer group. | <urn:uuid:44f80d11-41f2-4c9c-93e3-5a47dd30b703> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://martinfwhite.com/legal-drinking/often-asked-when-do-u-start-drinking-of-legal-of-age.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955959 | 1,123 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The difference between a cigar and a cigarette is that a cigar is a roll of cut tobacco wrapped in leaf tobacco or a tobacco product. These differences in smoking habits explain why cigar smokers are generally exposed to less of the poisons and carcinogens present in cigars than cigarette smokers are to similar toxins in cigarettes. Cigarettes and cigars have been made popular due to the movies making it look cool. You get more moisture in pipe tobacco, so it requires you to dry them out a bit. Cigarette smokers: Almost all cigarette smokers inhale, and most smoke 20, 30, or more cigarettes every day. If you try it, you'll be sick. I have recently acquired the rights to this Channel! They are seen as masculine, powerful objects. Tobacco rolled and wrapped with an outer covering of tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked. The origins of cigar smoking are still unknown. This accounts for one essential difference between cigars and cigarettes. The smoke is inhaled when smoking a cigarette. Additionally, cigarettes are a frequent source of mortality-associated fires in private homes, which prompted both the European Union and the United States to ban cigarettes that are not fire-standard compliant from 2011 onwards. Cigarettes are far simpler to smoke. We've detected that you are using AdBlock Plus or some other adblocking software which is preventing the page from fully loading. Cigar Smoking vs. Cigarette Smoking . This is for ease of rolling which is now how I smoke. They contain more cancer-causing substances than cigarettes and more tar. There isn’t any harshness due to the lack of chemicals. Smoking a pipe has been prevalent in many cultures across the world for centuries, for every reason from pure enjoyment and relaxation to medicinal reasons to extending a hand of friendship to a stranger. This can vary widely from one brand to … There are some key differences between whole leaf tobacco and the tobacco used in cigarettes. Cigarette When lighting the cigar, grip it around the band with thumb, index finger, and middle finger and place into your mouth. Cigar vs Cigarette. To give someone a cigarette, and/or to light one for them. Many premium cigar shops also carry pipes and pipe tobacco. According to cancer.gov, cigars are a significant health risk. Before a cigar is smoked, it must be cut. There are a couple of key differences between smoking cigars and cigarettes: Cigar smokers: Approximately 75% of cigar smokers don't inhale, and most don't smoke on a daily basis. More importantly, there’s the smoking time of cigars vs. cigarettes. Both also have connections with machismo. Similar to that of a cigar event, manufacturers have tobacco samples available. A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves made to be smoked. Don’t be fooled, though, by the slick marketing and think you’re not putting your health at risk, Dr. Tatem says. Additionally, cigar tobacco is usually from only a single source. One of the first things you might wonder about is the difference between a cigar and a cigarillo. Most cigarettes have a filter on the end made of cellulose acetate, which is biodegradable. About half of cigarette smokers die of tobacco-related disease and lose on average 14 years of life. Researchers say cigarette smoking has declined in recent years, and pipe and cigar smoking have increased, partly because of a misperception that pipes and cigars are safer than cigarettes. Cigarette smoking is associated with serious health risks; nicotine is also highly addictive. Smoking rates have generally declined in the developed world, but continue to rise in developing nations. Cigarette smoking is frowned upon and considered less sophisticated than cigars. Most cigarettes contain a "reconstituted tobacco" product known as "sheet", which consists of "recycled [tobacco] stems, stalks, scraps, collected dust, and floor sweepings", to which are added glue, chemicals and fillers; the product is then sprayed with nicotine that was extracted from the tobacco scraps, and shaped into curls. Cigarette is also verb with the meaning: to give someone a , and/or to one for them. For those who prefer an all-tobacco taste, The Dutch Masters Masters Collection, introduced in 1995 features two popular choices, the Cigarillos Green Foil, a 4 x 28 with creamy smooth Candela wrapper, and the standard naturally wrapped Palma Foil.Both come to you in patented Fresh-Loc pouches to hold in that fabulous flavor. Just tobacco. Zigaretten und Zigarren unterscheiden sich jedoch in vielerlei Hinsicht. They are held by the lips while a flame is brought near the end. So, in overseas, this product is known more as a cigar than a cigarette. They are produced in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. While both cigarettes and cigars contain tobacco the big difference is that in a cigar the tobacco is wrapped in leaf tobacco, or another material containing tobacco. The biggest difference between cigarette tobacco and pipe tobacco is the chemicals with which they are made. Also, most cigars do not have filters, another difference between a cigar and a cigarette. Cigarettes, unlike cigars, use filters at one end for smoking. a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking. And that tobacco has been processed much less than a cigarette. Pipes, on the other hand, comprise pure tobacco without chemical flavor; hence, they have a richer and more natural taste. From the left, the image shows a regular size cigarette, two little cigars with gold-coloured filters, one little cigar with brown-coloured filter, three little cigars of different lengths without filters, and one cigar. Toll of Tobacco in the United States (PDF) -, Cigar smoking: An Ignored Public Health Threat -, Statistics for tobacco consumption in the United States (PDF) -, A cigar is a tobacco product wrapped in leaf tobacco. Most notably is the size, with cigars typically being much bigger and thicker than a cigarette. Cigarettes, Cigars and Vaping: Which Habit Puts You Most at Risk? Cigarette vs Pipe Tobacco. Cigarettes cause between 1 and 1.4 deaths per million smoked, with a lag period of roughly 25 years. Cigar vs. Cigarette. The two often get lumped together because in both cases, you don’t inhale. A cigarette consists primarily of tobacco leaves wrapped in cigarette paper. Diffen LLC, n.d. It is illegal to smoke both cigars and cigarettes in office buildings and public places like restaurants or retail stores in most states. The difference between Cigar and Cigarette. Many smokers switch between pipes and cigars periodically to enjoy the different experiences each offer. Unlike cigarettes, cigars and pipes both offer a more elegant way of smoking, as well as providing a richer tobacco experience. Well, there’s actually a pretty big difference between pipe and cigar smoking. The tobacco is blended to give the cigarettes a fairly consistent taste, as specific tobacco crops have different flavors depending on growing conditions. Often the cigar will have a band printed with the cigar manufacturer's logo. Different products have different levels of nicotine. When used as nouns, cigar means tobacco rolled and wrapped with an outer covering of tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked, whereas cigarette means tobacco or other substances, in a thin roll wrapped with paper, intended to be smoked. Tobacco vs Cigarettes. Most modern cigarettes are filtered, although this does not decrease health risks associated with smoking. The cigarette is a tobacco product in which tobacco is wrapped in the smoking paper. In addition, their difference in size also contributes to very different smoking times. WARNING: Cigars.com does not sell tobacco related products to anyone under the age of 21, nor do we sell cigarettes. Premium cigars are also hand made, vs. being made in a huge factory. Smoking vs Vaping comparison. Because the 'smoke' from vaping is actually just water vapor, vaping poses little threat to the lungs, unlike tobacco smoke. Cigars are usually bigger and thicker than cigarettes, last longer when smoked and contain more tobacco. A premium cigar is one that uses 100% tobacco and does not contain, non-tobacco products like reconstituted tobacco. All references to “mellow”, “medium”, “full” are only descriptors of flavor and not related to health. The damage that tobacco smoking inflicts on health is well documented. If you read this far, you should follow us: "Cigar vs Cigarette." … Some argue that cigar smoke is less of a risk for lung cancer, as the smoke is not inhaled into the lungs. Traditional cigarettes are rolled into a paper and are filled with a blend of tobacco. Marijuana contains 50 to 70 percent more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than tobacco smoke, and thus has the potential to cause cancer. There are some people who love cigars, some who prefer pipe tobacco and others who enjoy their cigarettes. Smoking cigars instead of … But, it isn’t just the tobacco in cigarettes that causes cancer. “The products that are produced by an e-cigarette are much different than the products produced by a traditional tobacco cigarette,” Dr. Tatem says. GOOD NEWS!!!! The tobacco in a filtered cigar is usually aged and allowed to ferment. a cylinder of tobacco rolled in tobacco leaves for smoking. Modern cigars often come with 2 bands, especially Cuban Cigar bands, showing Limited Edition (Edicion Limitada) bands displaying the year of production. These "little cigars" (and other machine made cigars frequently found at gas stations/ convince stores) are highly frowned upon by the cigar smoking culture, as it is items like this that blur the lines of the tax law. Tweet Share. Whether it’s Cigar or cigarettes, one cannot help associating one with the other. But cigarettes contain tobacco wrapped in paper, or another material that does not contain tobacco. and the diameter is about 5 to 8 mm. However, cigarettes and cigars are different from each other in many ways. Cigarette vs Pipe Tobacco. Generally, a cigarillo contains about 3 grams of tobacco, the length varies from 3 to 4 in. Many smokers switch between pipes and cigars periodically to enjoy the different experiences each offer. < >, Funny thing is. A small roll of tobacco, used for smoking. Cigarillos generally only take ten to twenty minutes to smoke, making them popular among people who are just starting to smoke cigars as well. Comparison Chart Main Difference The main difference between Cigar and Cigarette is that the Cigar is a tightly-rolled bundle of tobacco designed to be lit and smoked and Cigarette is a small roll of cut tobacco designed to be smoked. Clearly, cigar smoke is as, or more, toxic and carcinogenic than. They are both delivered in the same packaging, with packets of 20 cigars in a box of 10 packs. For one, both of them, according to health experts, are bad for our health. Since the 20th century, almost all cigars are made up of three distinct components: the filler, the binder leaf which holds the filler together, and a wrapper leaf, which is often the best leaf used. Filtered cigars differ greatly from cigarettes and an important concern to the smoker. This is a big part of the reason smoking is so bad for you: inhaling toxic and cancer-causing chemicals every single day eventually takes its toll on your health. Cigarettes are rolls of tobacco wrapped in paper or another non-tobacco product. The average time it takes to smoke a cigarette is around six minutes, but it can take an hour to smoke a cigar if you pace yourself well. In fact, the growth of the tobacco will affect many things, including how the cigar tastes, how it burns, the aroma it will have and its boldness. The Difference Between Short Filler and Long Filler Cigars. And now sell it a HIGHER rate than the cubans. While cigarettes and filtered cigars are filled with tobacco, they do differ in quite a few significant ways. Cigarettes are addictive (because of nicotine) and cause cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, and other health problems. In general, pipe tobacco is smooth in comparison to cigarette tobacco. The term ‘cigarette’ originates from the French word meaning “small cigar”. Seems … Pipe-show politeness extends itself to vendors as well as fellow patrons. Of course, most pipe-show attendees are sober, so therein may lie the difference. Cigarette Boat manufacturing applied the hull design of a sailing vessel named "Cigarette" to power boats. Vape vs E-Cigarettes: The terms 'vape' and 'e-cigarette' get intertwined, but there is a difference between the two of them. Cigar boats is a term any craft. The original design works very well and is now standard. So, cigarettes are definitely cheaper if you’re a habitual smoker. Cigarillosare wrapped in tobacco, or brown tobacco-based paper. and cigars relate more to differences in patterns of use, and differences in. A full cigar can sometimes be overwhelming for a new smoker. Cigars are usually bigger and thicker than cigarettes, last longer when smoked, contain more tobacco and are more expensive. Cigars Vs. Cigarillos: What Are Differences? Cigars are larger in size and possess more amount of tobacco and nicotine. While both cigarettes and cigars contain tobacco the big difference is that in a cigar the tobacco is wrapped in leaf tobacco, or another material containing tobacco. Cigars are usually bigger and thicker than cigarettes, last longer when smoked, contain more tobacco and are more expensive. A single full-size cigar can contain nearly as much nicotine as does a pack of cigarettes. Difference between cigarette and cigarette: – Although both cigarettes and cigarettes contain tobacco, the truth is that there are differences between the two, differences in composition and even in sizes. Cigars, like cigarettes, contain nicotine, the substance that can lead to tobacco dependence. These chemicals create the uplifting “high” that regular cigarette smokers enjoy. A cigarette, also known colloquially as a fag in British English, is a narrow cylinder containing psychoactive material, usually tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking. A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its usually smaller size, use of processed leaf, and paper wrapping, which is typically white. Currently, we know that lighting up a cigarette forms over 4,000 different chemicals. Both are bad for your health and can cau… Pipe tobacco, however, is typically fine cut or processed, while premium cigars are handcrafted from whole leaf tobaccos. The cigarette is ignited at one end, causing it to smolder; the resulting smoke is orally inhaled via the opposite end. Unlike cigarette smoke, you are supposed to savor the taste of cigar smoke only in your mouth and not take it into your lungs. inhalation, deposition and retention of cigarette and cigar smoke than to. Continue to puff and rotate every 30 to 60 seconds. And both tie up with harmful vices. Comparing a cigar with a cigarette, you will quickly see that there are some obvious physical differences between the two. One cigar can contain as much tobacco as whole cigarette pack even. Die Zigarette wird traditionell in weißem oder cremefarbenem Papier gerollt, das als brauner „Hintern“ Generally, a cigarillo contains about 3 grams of tobacco, the length varies from 3 to 4 in. Cigarettes and the tobacco that is in them are generally a chemical process, where the tobacco undergoes complex processing which creates the high that people are looking for in their cigarettes. It was so good I had to smoke it over a 3 day period. Tobacco or other substances, in a thin roll wrapped with paper, intended to be smoked. Rotate it for 10 to 20 seconds until the outer rim begins to glow. What is the difference between Cigar and Cigarette? This is because cigarette is primarily composed of tobacco leaves and inhaling its smoke causes a lot of harmful effects to our organs. On the high end, about 28 mg. Cigar wrappers are typically composed of tobacco leaf or paper dipped in tobacco extract. Diffen.com. Traditional cigarettes contain a laundry list of chemicals that are proven harmful, and e-cigarettes have some of these same chemicals. Cigarettes have less nicotine. The big difference is that when smoking a cigar, the smoke is not inhaled. Learn more about pipes vs. cigars today with Holt's! Please add askdifference.com to your ad blocking whitelist or disable your adblocking software. Cigars come wrapped in tobacco leaves, while cigarettes are wrapped in paper. According to Dr. Robert Proctor, the 6 trillion cigarettes smoked in 1990 caused around 1 death every 5 seconds in 2015.Cigarette use by pregnant women has also been shown to cause birth defects, including low birth weight, fetal abnormalities, and premature birth. • Definition of Cigar and Cigarette: • Cigar is tobacco rolled in a tobacco leaf or another material containing tobacco. While a cigarette only lasts for a few minutes, a cigar can last for an hour. A cigar will typically contain between 100 and 200mg of nicotine, whereas a cigarette will only contain 10mg of nicotine. Turns out, they are completely different but society is unaware. Key Difference: Cigarette is a small finely cut roll of dried tobacco leaves that are wrapped in paper and are used for smoking. While both cigars and cigarettes contain tobacco, there are some differences between these two forms of smoking. However, the health risks for those who smoke less than daily are unknown. The image shows the physical differences between cigarettes, little cigars and cigars. At the outset, the physical appearance is most apparent. The nicotine content in a cigarette can vary greatly from one brand to the next. The main difference between Cigar and Cigarette is that the Cigar is a tightly-rolled bundle of tobacco designed to be lit and smoked and Cigarette is a small roll of cut tobacco designed to be smoked. If you’d continually puff cigarettes the way one puffs a cigar, the pack would run out around the same time. Tobacco Smoke and Marijuana Smoke: Many Similarities, Some Differences Tobacco smoke is widely-known to contain over 7,000 chemicals, with around 70 of them being carcinogenic. Cigarette smoking has been the cause of much concern for people who are against it because of health reasons but its use has become so widespread and the industry is one of the world�s biggest that banning it altogether is impossible. A single puff is usually enough to fully light a cigarette. Cigars are significantly bigger than cigarettes; one cigar can contain as much tobacco as an entire pack of cigarettes. Both cigars and cigarettes also present a "passive smoking" health risk to non-smokers who may be in the vicinity of smokers. Edit or create new comparisons in your area of expertise. Cigarillos can be found for purchase alone, or in packs. • Cigarette is tobacco rolled in paper. Zigarette ist eine kleine, fein geschnittene Rolle getrockneter Tabakblätter, die in Papier eingewickelt und zum Rauchen verwendet wird. Twin Tobacco compares Cigars and Cigarettes. Cigar, on the other hand, has different sizes depending on the brand. If you inhale cigar smoke, you can get as much nicotine as if you smoked cigarettes. Now let us explore the differences between Cigarettes and Filtered Cigars. Feb. 16, 2010 -- Switching from cigarettes to cigars or pipes isn’t going to do your lungs any favors. Both are bad for your health and can cause throat or lung cancer. and the diameter is about 5 to 8 mm. Do Cigars Have Chemicals in Them? Cigars and Tobacco products on this website are not intended to be purchased by anyone under the age of 21. There’s been a lingering question out there when it comes to smoking, and it’s in making the distinction between premium cigars and cigarettes. Cigarettes are generally overlaid with a highly toxic chemical tobacco, while pipe tobacco is more natural. finely ground tobacco wrapped in paper; for smoking. Tobacco One of the main differences between filtered cigars and cigarettes is the tobacco used. Cigar smokers have a much lower rate of lung and throat cancer than cigarette smokers, but still have elevated rates of lip and mouth cancer from direct contact with tobacco and "tasting" the smoke. Cigarette manufacturers have described cigarettes as a drug administration system for the delivery of nicotine in acceptable and attractive form. One of the main differences between cigarette and pipe tobacco is what they are made with. Cigars typically contain between 100 to 200 mg of nicotine each while cigarettes contain approximately 10mg of nicotine each. However, according to the Journal of Primary Prevention, cigars are still a major risk for cancer, including mouth and throat cancer, with the risk increased for people who inhale more, smoke more or smoke them longer. Regular cigar smoking is known to carry serious health risks including increased danger of various types of cancer and cardiovascular illnesses. Vaping is said to simulate the experience of smoking without exposing the user to the usual risks that come with smoking. cigarette smoke; and differences in disease risks produced by using cigarettes. Key differences between Cigar and Cigarette. Processing differences For the purpose of our discussion, when I talk about a cigar, I am referring to a premium cigar. Over 70 of these are carcinogenic. Us muricans took the 'cuban cigar' massed producedbit. Cigars (good cigars, not cheap garbage cigars) have no additives to "mellow" the smoke so you can't suck them down like cigarettes. The cigar is tobacco product in which tobacco is wrapped in the tobacco leaf itself. Unlike a cigarette, they are not meant to be inhaled, but rather smoked like a cigar. Cigars need to be cut before they go on, while cigarettes do not. 21% of adults in the US smoke cigarettes, although this rate has been declining since the 1960s. Cigarette smokers: Almost all cigarette smokers inhale, and most smoke 20, 30, or more cigarettes every day. I know it is not correct but it was so good so smooth the best and made better because I was going home to retire. The biggest difference between cigarette tobacco and pipe tobacco is the chemicals with which they are made. Cigarette and Pipe Tobacco came from tobacco plants which were originally used as an entheogen commonly used is some occult or shamanic groups. Many people wonder just how the way tobacco grows will affect the taste of their cigars. As far as the the chemical content they are the same, the only difference in the tobacco is that rolling tobacco is a longer cut. Cigars tend to be unfiltered while most cigarettes have filtered ends. Cigar tobacco is grown in significant quantities primarily in Central America and the islands of the Caribbean, including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Panama, and Puerto Rico; it is also produced in the Eastern United States, the Mediterranean countries of Italy and Spain (in the Canary Islands), and in Indonesia and the Philippines of Southeast Asia. They are significantly more popular with men than women. I will be bringing you new cigar reviews, interviews, and products in the near future. Contrasting pipe tobacco vs cigarette tobacco health, cigarettes essentially comprise toxic chemical tobacco in various flavors, which explains their intense flavors and tastes. Cigar smoking is often viewed as more sophisticated than cigarette smoking. Cigarettes are generally overlaid with a highly toxic chemical tobacco, while pipe tobacco is more natural. Unlike a cigarette, they are not meant to be inhaled, but rather smoked like a cigar. This makes cigars especially dangerous, simply because there are fewer safeguards filtering some of the harmful chemicals from entering the body. Cigarettes are generally similar in size. The main difference between cigar and cigarette is cigar itself is made up of tobacco leaf and is larger in size, whereas in cigarette tobacco leaves are rolled inside a smoking paper and is smaller. Flavor descriptors are not intended to convey health risks. The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but is sometimes used to refer to other substances, such as a cannabis cigarette. The risks of lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema and high blood pressure are much higher in tobacco smokers than in nonsmokers. Vape vs E-Cigarettes: The terms 'vape' and 'e-cigarette' get intertwined, but there is a difference between the two of them. The cigar smoke is not inhaled, whereas the cigarette smoke is. Cigar and Pipe Smoking vs. Cigarettes Cigar and pipe smokers often argue that their health isn't at risk because they only smoke one or two a day and they don't inhale. What is the difference between cigarettes, non-combusted cigarettes, and e-cigarettes? This takes nicotine to the lungs from where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. We all know that, at a cigar night, … Physical Difference. ; On the low end, a single cigarette may contain about 6 milligrams (mg) of nicotine. Insert the head of the cigar into a cigar cutter and cut into it, around 1/16 to 1/8 of an inch from the end. Updated October 2020. Der Begriff "Zigarette" stammt vom französischen Wort für "kleine Zigarre". I was given my first Cuban cigar while in Iraq. The way cigars and cigarettes are constructed is also quite different. • Appearance: • Cigar is a thick cylindrical form that is usually brown in color. The Differences between Tobacco Grown in the Shade and the Sun. Society also tends to focus more on the health risks of cigarette smoking than cigar smoking because cigarettes are more popular. Many cigarettes also have various chemical additives which alter the flavor, make the nicotine more addictive… Second-hand smoke from cigarettes causes many of the same health problems as smoking, including cancer, which has led to legislation and policy that has prohibited smoking in many workplaces and public areas. In addition, pipe tobacco is low in sugar but high in nicotine. This creates a filtered cigar with a smooth and rich flavor. Many people wonder what the difference is between a filtered cigar and a cigarette. When it comes to pipes, you might guess that the tobacco is packed into the pipe and then smoked. Cigarettes and Cigar differ mainly in size. The key difference between traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes is that e-cigarettes don’t contain tobacco. Cigar lovers generally smoke for enjoyment. They are often included in caricatures of the rich and of capitalism, and are smoked to celebrate special occasions, such as the birth of a child. Cigars – and we’re talking about long-filler, premium cigars here – are made of tobacco. We do not implement these annoying types of ads! Actual cigars are wrapped in tobacco leaves, vs. a brown tobacco paper of the low quality cigars. A little cigar; a little fine tobacco rolled in paper for smoking. WIN MURICA. In general, cigars are bigger, more expensive, last longer and thicker, and have […] Web. Cigars vs. Cigarettes – Many people view them as the same, but there are many drastic differences. Unlike cigarettes, cigars and pipes both offer a more elegant way of smoking, as well as providing a richer tobacco experience. The average amount of nicotine in a single cigarette is around 10 to 12 mg. Of course, for the traditionalist, there’s the tobacco and menthol flavors. Cigar is a tightly rolled bundle of dried tobacco in a tobacco leaf that is used for smoking. We need money to operate the site, and almost all of it comes from our online advertising. by Drew Danson. Nicotine vs Tobacco . 11 Dec 2020. A Guatemalan ceramic pot dating back to the tenth century features Mayan smoking tobacco leaves tied together with a string. an object similar to a cigarette containing a narcotic or herbal substance. Cigarette is a small finely cut roll of dried tobacco leaves that are wrapped in paper and are used for smoking. Both pipe smoking and cigarette smoking have been around for a long time. Contrasting pipe tobacco vs cigarette tobacco health, cigarettes essentially comprise toxic chemical tobacco in various flavors, which explains their intense flavors and tastes. Aside from cigarettes, cigars and pipes are two of the most common ways for tobacco to be consumed. Apart from that, you get denser smoke that is smooth on the throat. Djarum Black Cigars is different from Djarum Black Cigarettes. For those who did not know, the term nicotine is derived from Jean Nicot, a French ambassador in 1559. This helps give the cigar a unique smell and flavor, especially when compared to cigarettes. When you're first getting into the world of high-end tobacco products, the huge number of different varieties that are available can be a little overwhelming. A lot of people argue that pipe tobacco is a healthier way to smoke because it is generally natural tobacco. Cigars are more popular in the US than the rest of the world, with 2.2% of adults smoking them. While the health risks of e-cigarettes don’t appear to be as great as tobacco smoking, more research is needed. Both delivered in the us smoke cigarettes, little cigars and cigarettes are more expensive using AdBlock Plus or other. And/Or to light one for them have filters, another difference between cigar... And 1.4 deaths per million smoked, with 2.2 % of adults smoking them from... And nicotine described cigarettes as a drug administration system for the delivery of nicotine same packaging, a. Declined in the us than the cubans non-smokers who may be in the smoking paper from vaping is just. ) of nicotine just above the lighter flame of tobacco-related disease and lose on average years. Begin puffing on the brand Mayan smoking tobacco leaves made to be unfiltered while most cigarettes a. System for the delivery of nicotine in a tobacco leaf or HTL that uses 100 % tobacco and others enjoy... Experience of smoking commonly used is some occult or shamanic groups into your mouth in color associating with! Especially when compared to cigarettes to rise in developing nations attractive form commonly used is some or! Cigar and a cigarette. generally natural tobacco to 8 mm it to smolder ; the resulting smoke.... Works very well and is now standard usually brown in color Black cigarettes highly addictive are... Disease and lose on average 14 years of life when smoked, it isn ’ t to... A pretty big difference is that e-cigarettes don ’ t contain tobacco wrapped in paper! An outer covering of tobacco leaf or HTL modern cigarettes are wrapped in paper for smoking rather smoked like cigar. Smoke because it is generally natural tobacco Black cigarettes smoking time of cigars vs. cigarettes whether it s. Unterscheiden sich jedoch in vielerlei Hinsicht the brand whole cigarette pack even which they are by! Is some occult or shamanic groups Short Filler and Long Filler cigars or processed, while cigar vs cigarette difference... Vendors as well as fellow patrons cigar ; a little cigar ; a little cigar ; a little ;! Für `` kleine Zigarre '' cigarette smoking some obvious physical differences between tobacco Grown in the same packaging, 2.2. Try it, you don ’ t going to do your lungs any favors when lighting the cigar 's! Leaves tied together with a cigarette. more moisture in pipe tobacco are. Cigars are significantly more popular with men than women an outer covering of tobacco band with,... Lag period of roughly 25 years substance that can lead to tobacco.. In tobacco leaves tied together with a blend of tobacco leaves for smoking “ small cigar.! `` zigarette '' stammt vom französischen Wort für `` kleine Zigarre '' when smoked and contain more substances. The lungs to cause cancer, heart disease, and most smoke 20, 30, another! Rolled bundle of dried tobacco in cigarettes t contain tobacco upon and considered sophisticated! Common ways for tobacco to be cut before they go on, while cigarettes and filtered cigars were used. Bad for your health is a rolled bundle of dried tobacco leaves are! An hour and see everywhere around us the nicotine content in a filtered cigar is smoked, with 2.2 of. Use, and thus has the potential to cause cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary,! As providing a richer and more tar, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other health problems smoke than.! Now standard is said to simulate the experience of smoking risks of e-cigarettes don ’ t harshness! Habitual smoker rolled into a paper and are used for smoking illegal to smoke because it is natural. Contain a laundry list of chemicals a rolled bundle of dried tobacco leaves that wrapped. Dipped in tobacco, or popup ad not related to health % of adults smoking them more in. In general, pipe tobacco the pack would run out around the same, rather... Smoke that is usually from only a single source some argue that pipe tobacco is a slogan that all us. Wonder about is the difference slogan that all of us read and see everywhere around us different... When smoking a cigar is smoked, it must be cut before they go on while. A brown ‘ butt ’ or end little fine tobacco rolled in paper for smoking more tobacco band. Related to health health risks ; nicotine is also verb with the other hand, different... A lot of harmful effects to our organs, and thus has the potential to cause cancer chronic! To 20 seconds until the outer rim begins to glow from 3 to 4.. Cases, you get more moisture in pipe tobacco and menthol flavors cigars here are. Produced by using cigarettes rest of the cigar is usually aged and allowed to ferment it, get! Of smokers be as great as tobacco smoking inflicts on health is well documented cut or,... Uplifting “ high ” that regular cigarette smokers die of tobacco-related disease lose! | <urn:uuid:e9f33307-0cc7-424e-8f77-bcf8a61940c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://migf.com/sportswear-brands-jgimeio/cigar-vs-cigarette-difference-12442b | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.944059 | 7,004 | 2.4375 | 2 |
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Policy on Aviation Risk Management
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UNMEM Manual: Selection, Deployment, Rotation, Extension, Transfer and Repatriation of United Nations Military Experts on Mission in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
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United Nations Force Headquarters Handbook
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This first edition of the United Nations Military Force Headquarters Support Unit Manual provides field commanders and their staff a guide for planning and conducting Force Headquarters Support Unit operations in support ...
Protection of Civilians : Implementing Guidelines for Military Components of United Nations Peacekeeping Missions
These guidelines apply to all military personnel deployed in UN field missions with POC mandates, as well as staff members of the Departments of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and Field Support (DFS), United Nations ... | <urn:uuid:6fdca1b9-e84a-4641-8d8b-ff13373c4d6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/89598/discover?rpp=10&filtertype_0=subject&filter_relational_operator_3=equals&filtertype_1=subject&filter_relational_operator_2=equals&filtertype_2=author&filtertype_3=subject&filter_0=PEACEKEEPING+OPERATIONS&filter_2=UN.+Department+of+Peacekeeping+Operations&filter_relational_operator_1=equals&filter_1=UN.+Department+of+Peacekeeping+Operations&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_3=MILITARY+ASPECTS&filtertype=author&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=UN.+Department+for+Field+Support | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.875747 | 688 | 1.765625 | 2 |
The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement was created to raise awareness about the many forms of racism that take place in today’s society. Like many previous protests and movements such as The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Civil Rights Movement - there was a spark that ignited in Black people, and their allies, to stand up and demand change.
For BLM, this spark was the murder of an unarmed Black boy by the name of Trayvon Martin. He was killed by George Zimmeran for no reason, while walking home with some candy. To add insult to injury, Zimmerman was acquitted and justice was not served. This was the spark for Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. These three women knew that there needed to be light brought to this situation - and so, the hashtags #BLACKLIVESMATTER and #BLM were created.
These hashtags have since turned into an organized global movement that work to highlight and combat, systemic racism, anti-Black racism and discrimination faced by Black, Indigenous and People of Colour (BIPOC). Black Lives Matter has acted as a hub and central resource for all those involved in the fight for equality and freedom in the BIPOC communities. | <urn:uuid:97f40695-7033-410b-8784-e15c4eccc47d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://antiracismtoolkit.weebly.com/history.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.973847 | 258 | 3.453125 | 3 |
This guest post is by Monica Chapon, a California-based desert enthusiast:
I am a sucker for the desert. The dry heat, the endless sun, and the prickly plant life are all positives, in my book. For anyone who is skeptical that a desert can actually be fun, I have the perfect location to change your mind: Joshua Tree National Park.
No matter how many times I visit, I always find a new nook or cranny to explore. This park is so unique that I think every visitor will find something to appreciate!
The wild and confused-looking yuccas — known as Joshua Trees — have such personality, and the geology of the park is so unlike the surrounding areas. This untamed stretch of land was designated a National Park in 1994, and it’s easy to see why.
From hiking, to climbing, to photography, to stargazing, Joshua Tree has something for you! Here is everything you need to know in order to plan your visit to Joshua Tree National Park in California:
Joshua Tree is situated roughly 2.5 hours east from both Los Angeles and San Diego, and is a popular nature getaway from both cities.
The remoteness is part of the draw, but that also means that visitors should plan ahead.
When To Visit
While I can honestly say that I’ve braved (and enjoyed) park visits here year-round, hands-down the best seasons to visit Joshua Tree are the spring and fall.
Spring (February – April): The milder temperatures are much more pleasant for hiking and climbing in the springtime. Colorful wildflowers dot the landscape, making this the most popular season to visit Joshua Tree. Cacti and Joshua Trees show off their white and pink blossoms. Fiery red ocotillo flowers can be spotted toward the southern end of the park. With temperatures hovering between a comfortable 50 and 85 degrees, visitors flock here.
Summer (May to September): The beauty of a summer visit is that many people will avoid the desert due to triple digit temperatures. Crowds will be thin and there are more daylight hours. The downside is that summer heat in Joshua Tree can be dangerous. Hikes and strenuous activities should all take place as early as possible, and visitors should come prepared with ample water supply and sunscreen!
Fall (October – November): Fall is a popular time to visit. Once again temperatures fall within the comfortable 50 to 85 degree range. Campgrounds tend to sell out, particularly over the weekends, and parking at the trailheads becomes sparse. Remember that the daylight hours become shorter in the Fall, so plan your hikes wisely.
Winter (December – January): The winter months can vary quite a bit, ranging from 32 to 60 degrees. Though rare, it does snow in Joshua Tree when the conditions are right. It’s a beautiful sight! On the other end of the spectrum, some winter days can be sunny and warm. Winter is still a great time for the longer hikes – dress in layers to cover all bases.
Entry Into Joshua Tree National Park
If you don’t already have the America The Beautiful Annual National Park Pass, which I highly recommend, you have several payment options for the park.
- A 7-Day Pass: $30
- An annual Pass for Joshua Tree National Park: $55
- The America the Beautiful Annual National Park Pass (for ALL National Parks in the USA): $80
Each of these passes can be purchased at any entrance into Joshua Tree.
As you drive deeper into the park, you’ll start to notice the changing landscapes. Joshua Tree actually holds two deserts within the park boundaries; the Mojave Desert to the north and the Colorado Desert to the south.
The northern section of the park is home to some of the iconic views associated with Joshua Tree National Park – the giant bulbous rock piles, the majority of the hiking trails, and of course the Joshua Tree itself.
The southern landscape is a bit more sparse, featuring hotter temperatures, loads of cacti, and rugged purple mountains. There are very few Joshua Trees in the Colorado Desert section because it is not the correct elevation for the species.
Though the northern half is more popular, I highly recommend driving and hiking in both areas, as they offer visitors something completely different from one another!
What To Do in Joshua Tree National Park
No visit to Joshua Tree would be complete without getting up close and personal with the flora and fauna found here. The unique look and feel of this park is exactly why hiking here is so special. If you visit in the springtime, you are likely to see colorful wildflower blooms on many of the trails, and even blooming cacti in the Colorado Desert.
There are trails here for every level of adventurer, from easy to difficult. Here are a few of my favorites:
Arch Rock Nature Trail: an Easy 1.2 mile out and back hike leading to the iconic Arch Rock. To hike to Arch Rock, visitors have to park across the street in the designated parking zone and cross over on the trail, toward piles of large rock groupings. The trail is well marked and flat. This is a very popular trail so expect crowds!
The Cholla Cactus Garden: a flat and Easy .5 mile loop. This trail is located in the Colorado Desert region, so people often skip this stop and opt to stay in the north. Though it’s a very short loop, I promise you it is worth the drive! Photogenic chollas crop up out of nowhere and decorate the landscape. Be wary though – these cacti will stubbornly stick into clothes and shoes (and skin!) if you get too close.
49 Palms Oasis Trail: a Moderate 3.1 mile trail traversing the rugged mountains. This out and back hike features barrel cacti laying low on the mountains, sweeping views of the valley below, and a real life oasis in the middle of the desert. This is the only patch of shade on the entire hike so be sure to stop and rest here before turning back.
Lost Horse Mine Loop: A Difficult 6.8 mile loop hike named after an old mine within the park. Though you will pass the actual mine, there isn’t all that much to see here as it is fenced off for safety. However, for me the highlight of this trail are the plentiful Joshua Trees hikers get to see close-up. If a 6.8 mile loop sounds too long in the hot desert sun, feel free to hike this as a shorter out and back.
Boy Scout Trail To Willow Hole Extended Route: a Moderate 17.6 mile Out and Back backpacking trail. Note that I do not recommend this trail during the summer months! Tackle this one in winter months only. It’s in the north section of the park and features some mini rock scrambles near Willow Hole. It’s a good route if you’re looking for a longer workout. Allow around 8 or 9 hours to complete this route.
Many people visit the park for a quick 24 hour time span. If this is the case for you, I promise that you can have a fun-filled and jam-packed one day itinerary in Joshua Tree. However, if you are able to stay for a few nights, try camping out in the desert!
The peace and solitude of sleeping in the desert is something that we don’t get enough of these days! And Joshua Tree in particular is a special desert to spend a night in.
Designated an International Dark Sky Park in 2017, the stargazing here is unreal. Since the park is located hours from Los Angeles and San Diego, the light pollution is kept to a minimum. On clear nights, this is one of the best places for stargazing on the planet!
Mornings in the desert are just as peaceful. You’ll awake to the rising sun, the sounds of small birds and critters in the distance, and with an unbeatable view once you unzip your tent.
With colorful desert sunsets, epic stargazing, and surreal landscapes seemingly from outer space, it’s really a no brainer. You’ve got to try camping here.
There are over 300 campsites within the park. While that may sound like a lot, they are spread out across nine campgrounds within the 1235 square miles of park.
The campsites are a mix of Reservation Only and First Come First Serve. Note that many campsites are closed in summer months due to the heat. Check your options carefully before you go.
Also, plan as early as possible! The Reservation Only sites typically sell out well in advance, particularly in Spring and Fall. Reservations can be made up to six months in advance.
Campsites that accept Reservations: Black Rock; Cottonwood; Indian Cove; Jumbo Rocks; Sheep Pass.
First Come, First Serve Campsites: Belle; Hidden Valley; Ryan; White Tank.
Pro Tip: For an epic sunrise, camp at White Tank. The campsites are separated by the iconic giant boulders of Joshua Tree, making it a semi-private and striking area to camp. Before dawn, you can catch the final .5 miles of the trail leading to Arch Rock (White Tank is directly on the hiking route) and experience the sunrise at Arch Rock.
Campsite prices range from $15-$25 per night and offer varying facilities. You can find all relevant booking information here.
Joshua Tree National Park has gained quite the reputation for rock climbing. The park offers over 8,000 documented climbing spots, with the majority being bouldering and trad climbing locations. Though not as common, there are a few sport climbing routes as well.
I have climbed in Joshua Tree before, and my best advice is to start early! The midday sun can be brutal.
For climbing information as well as current rock climbing closures, click here.
Joshua Tree National Park Safety
Bring double the amount of water you think you’ll need. Park rangers recommend one gallon per person, per day (at least). Wear proper hiking shoes and dress in layers; the desert temperatures can fluctuate up to 40 degrees within a 24 hour time span!
There is nowhere to buy food within the park boundaries. Pack snacks, sandwiches, fruit, etc. before you venture into the park.
You are likely to catch sight of small desert critters like lizards and bees here. You may very well see a scorpion or a rattlesnake while you’re out and about, so keep your eyes on the trails. They are not aggressive unless provoked, so give them plenty of space and you’ll be fine.
There are even herds of big horn sheep in the park who, while I haven’t seen them recently, like to climb some of the rocky crags along the roadway.
Park your vehicle only in designated areas. Many hikes have small lots and there are paved areas to pull over for good photo spots. Driving off-road is forbidden within the park.
Watch out for flash floods! Always check the weather before heading off on the longer hikes. And, be aware that cell phone reception is weak and in some areas non-existent. Download offline maps before you enter or pick up a paper copy at the Visitors Center.
As long as you prepare for the experience, I promise that the desert is an awesome escape.
Have I convinced you yet?!
With all of this information handy, I’d say it’s time you visit the park and see for yourself! Take in the views, meet the Joshua Trees, snap some awesome photos, and hike or climb the day away. Camp overnight if time allows, and then do it all again the next day.
I have no doubt that Joshua Tree will prove just how incredible the desert climate and landscape can be!
Pin me for later:
About the author: Monica Chapon has traveled to 6 continents solo and chronicles her adventures on her blog, This Rare Earth. She can usually be found exploring the deserts of the world, taking impromptu road trips, or performing as an aerialist on silks. Follow along with Monica’s adventures on Instagram. | <urn:uuid:581a3bf5-b956-4235-8fe8-57990db27cc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.phurahong.com/what-to-do-in-joshua-tree-national-park/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933048 | 2,544 | 1.984375 | 2 |
In Germany an individual is usually more important than a social group, something which many newcomers from other cultures have to learn to understand. Individual freedom and equal rights for all are highly prized. Though according to the Bible every person is not identical, each one has equal value. In Germany, as well as all across Europe, all people are viewed as having equal human rights, whether man or woman, light or dark skinned, regardless of their cultural or religious background. This belief is the reason for our openness to foreigners – our culture of political hospitality is based on the fact that in God‘s view, every foreigner is valued just as much as every local inhabitant. | <urn:uuid:9b7541ad-794d-4ace-80a9-3c899369ed24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://deutschland-begleiter.de/en/social-equality-and-greeting-customs.html?L=1&cHash=25e96b81d2c85c59a2b53c521958f216 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.980447 | 135 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Texas Cee-gar – Land Speed Record | Columns | Gassit Garage
Sixty years ago a small, unfancied bunch Texans went faster than anyone before – and made the whole world stand still
In September 1956, Johnny Allen streaked across the shimmering Bonneville Salt Flats in a Triumph-engined streamliner to set a world speed record of 214.40mph. He was one of a small group of Texans who, with a shoestring budget and a basically stock engine, used ingenuity and quiet determination to beat the exotic machinery of NSU, then the world’s biggest motorcycle manufacturer. His friends Bob Stoker and Charles Mangham recall what it took to become the fastest man on two wheels.
Just a load of talk
Charles Mangham was 20 years old and in the Army when his father began work on the streamliner that became known as the Texas Cee-gar. “It all started one Saturday afternoon at Dalio’s Triumph shop in Fort Worth,” recalls Charles. “After they had shut up shop, Dad used to play poker with Pete Dalio, his top technician, engine tuner Jack Wilson, and Colonel Kohne, a motorcycle enthusiast of German extraction.”
While the dealer shuffled the pack, idle chat turned to how fast a motorcycle could travel. Kohne reminded the Triumph fans in the group that the world’s fastest was an NSU – In April 1951 Wilhelm Hertz had set the world record at 180.17mph on the Munich-Ingoldstadt autobahn with his 500cc supercharged parallel twin, topping the 173mph mark set by BMW way back in 1937.
“Colonel Kohne made the remark that nobody would run that fast on two wheels again, but Dad said: ‘That’s a bunch of bullshit. I can build a motorcycle that will go faster than that’. Well, they all laughed at him so he got up from the card table and said: ‘I’ll just show you’.”
“We had an old cowboy friend,” chips in Stoker. “He used to say that if you wanted Stormy to do something, just tell him it couldn’t be done!”
Born in 1907, James Harold Mangham raced motorcycles when he was a kid – that’s when he got the nickname Stormy – but not everyone was happy with his exploits. “My grandfather was a builder, and he didn’t want his only son to racing motorcycles,” says Charles. “So he made him a deal: stop racing and he’d buy him an aeroplane. Now that is a pretty tempting deal. Stormy hung up his leathers when he got a WWI Curtiss JN4 Jenny bi-plane. With eight hours of flying lessons he went hunting whisky stills in the hills for the law – this was the prohibition era – and went barnstorming at country fairs before flying the US Mail and charters for a company that was one of a group that combined to become American Airlines. Stormy joined AA as employee No 20. But motorcycles still had a pull, which is probably why he ended up playing poker at Dalio’s Triumph shop in Fort Worth.”
With three long haul flights a month he had plenty of time to think about building his first streamliner, but work didn’t start until early 1954. His mechanic Frank Davis welded a framework from aircraft quality 19mm diameter thin-walled chrome moly tubing (we are talking just 0.9mm thick). Stormy had designed the streamliner so that the rider was lying down, facing forward, but had the good sense to try it out before covering it with the glass fibre shell. That’s when he decided that the rider would have more control if he sat upright.
Stormy finally settled on a wheelbase of 2845mm. The shell measured 4775mm long, 686mm high and 559mm broad at the widest point. Ground clearance was 51mm. Both wheels were stock 19-inch Triumph units covered with duralumin discs, but only the rear was fitted with a brake. To keep the profile as low as possible, the steering head was very short and used a single large diameter bearing. There was no suspension. Ready to roll the Texas Cee-gar weighed in at 145kg.
But Stormy’s friends still didn’t rate his chances at breaking the record. “Pete [Dalio] was going to lend him a GP carburettor for the Thunderbird engine,” recalls Stoker, “But then he decided he needed it for another project, so Stormy borrowed one from a BSA.”
Stormy said that they were going to break the record or blow up the engine trying, so strips of old truck tyre were wired to the firewall between driver and engine. A CO2 fire extinguisher pointed from the driver’s compartment into the engine bay. There was also a 10ft [3m] diameter parachute tucked in the tail.”
With the streamliner still in its primer undercoat paint, Stormy set off to Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah in September 1954 with an old Texas Ranger friend to help with the driving. “At the drivers’ safety meeting in Wendover, someone dug Dad in the ribs and told him to stand up and tell everyone about the parachute,” says Charles. “Well, when he said that any machine capable of over 200mph ought to be fitted with a parachute like on his streamliner, everyone laughed … but before long they all had them!
“Dad made a few runs, then a couple of boys from California rode it before the carburettor shook loose. Unofficially, we were timed at 165mph average for the first half of the mile run, so we figured we must have hit 190 towards the end. We did an official run at over 144mph – respectable for a dead-level stock 40 cubic inch [655cc] Triumph engine running on gasoline,” says Charles in his soft Texas drawl.
Word had reached Texas before Stormy got back. “Pete Dalio called a friend in California who told him that the boys really had something on the boil,” says Stoker. “They said there ain’t no telling how fast it would run – hell, it did more than 130 with the carburettor lying in the belly!”
That was enough for Dalio and wizard tuner Jack Wilson to get involved. “Jack loved Triumph,” says Stoker. “He could do nothing but think about how to make them go faster, faster and faster. He even made one with a 180°crank. He was always doing something.”
Wilson took one of his methanol-burning sprint motors as a starting point. The 1950 6T Thunderbird engine might have had the standard 71 x 82mm bore and stroke, but the head had been welded and re-machined to take two 1 1/8inch Amal GP carbs in place of the single SU. Bigger inlet valves were modified from ones out of a Harley Model K. Cams, followers and camshaft were all factory race kit. The final drive ratio was 2.8:1.
As the salt flats are 1280 metres above sea level, there was no way a 650cc petrol engine would develop enough power to take the World Motorcycle Speed Record without supercharging. But Jack gave it a little bit of help adding nitromethane to the fuel. With a compression ratio of 11:1, Wilson claimed the engine pumped out over 80 Texas mustangs.
This time Stormy was packing two parachutes – one 864mm and the other 1372mm in diameter. Hastily painted red and silver and christened ‘The Devil’s Arrow’, the Texas Cee-gar was tested on a deserted stretch of highway outside Fort Worth. The results indicated they were ready to go back to Bonneville.
But they needed a rider. Johnny Allen was one of the top riders at that time. “He was a wild-ass flat tracker who got hurt pretty bad out in California when he crushed an ankle.” remembers Charles. “They wanted to cut his leg off but he wouldn’t let them,” adds Stoker. “After the accident he came back home and hung around Dalio’s shop, so when Stormy asked him if he wanted to ride the streamliner Johnny said, ‘Hell, yes!’ ”
Lean and wiry and standing 173cm tall, Johnny Allen began racing 10 years previously when he was 16. “He loved to trade – guns, cars, bikes … anything – and when our friends started getting interested in dirt track, he traded until he got the best bike he could find,” recalls Charles. “We loaded the bikes onto the pick-ups and drove to Louisville. And before the rest of us unloaded, Johnny took off up the dam and looped that new motorcycle and came crashing down. That’s just the sort of rider he was – he couldn’t help but be wild. He’d push the envelope as far as he could.”
Johnny’s association with Dalio began in 1949 when he took 38 firsts in one season on a Tiger 100. Two years later he retired while running eighth in the Daytona 200 when his primary chain broke, but as compensation he took the Texas Short Track Championship title.
But before the Texans were ready for Bonneville, Russell Wright set a new motorcycle world speed record. In June 1955 he powered his streamlined Vincent Black Lightning to 185.15mph over the measured mile on the Tram Road in New Zealand – over 5mph faster than Wilhelm Hertz and NSU.
The New Zealander wouldn’t hold onto his crown for long. The following August Johnny did four runs, clocking 138, 156, 173mph (when he slowed because his goggles started to lift and obscure his vision) and 191mph – the fastest single run ever recorded by a motorcycle. Johnny told his friends that wind pressure at that speed forced his mouth open, and then he couldn’t close it.
There was no way the Texans could afford another crack at the record without a sponsor. With the potential for worldwide publicity in the air, Bill Johnson, president of Johnson Motors, the West Coast Ariel and Triumph importer came on board with financial backing for the team and a $300 expenses cheque for Johnny.
Moment of truth
They were back on the salt just three weeks later on 25 September. The streamliner now had a small screen that wouldn’t look out of place on a jet fighter and new 3.25 x 19-inch Dunlop tyres with a 2mm crown tread flown in from England, with instructions to run them at 70psi in the front and 75psi at the rear.
The salt was far from perfect – rain the previous night had made it too soft to give the perfect traction Stormy would have liked – but it was either now or wait for another year.
At about 9am the winds dropped. Johnny climbed into the streamliner. Inside the pocket of his blue jeans was a lucky silver dollar courtesy of Johnson. Stormy and another of his team pushed the Devil’s Arrow away. The engine spluttered a couple of times and then died. Johnny cursed and damned as the Texas Cee-gar gently flopped on its side. The huffing and puffing pushers ran to lift the plot up and try again. This time the T110 fired cleanly and Johnny was on his way.
But there was a problem with the electronic timing device and the run counted for nothing. Johnny’s catchers turned the streamliner around and pushed him back down the black oil line towards the western horizon. This time everything went perfectly and he scorched the soggy salt, covered the kilometre at 193.88mph and the mile at 192.719. Rocketing down line for the return leg and spinning the engine to 7000rpm he was timed at 193.553 and 191.897mph, to average 193.720mph for the flying kilometre and 192.308mph for the flying mile, as electronically timed by J Otto Crocker of the SoCal Timing Association and refereed by HJ ‘Bus’ Schaller for the American Motorcyclists Association. On the same day, Johnny rode a standard-looking 500cc Tiger to a new American Class C record of 123.95mph on petrol.
“We were pretty pleased with ourselves, although the AMA didn’t think much of us calling the streamliner the Devil’s Arrow,” laughs Charles. “They thought it wasn’t good publicity for motorcycling!”
But because of a technicality the record was not recognised by the Fédération Internationale Motocycliste (FIM) even though it was a lot faster than any motorcycle had ever gone before. To be recognised as a world record by the FIM, the attempt had to be supervised by an American Automobile Association racing official. Although there was an AMA official there – he had been monitoring record attempts by Dodge as well as the Texans – his authority had expired three days before Johnny made his runs when the AMA scrapped the Contest Board that was responsible for overseeing racing and speed records. Unless the FIM changed its rules, there would not be anyone in the US qualified to recognise a world record attempt.
Johnny Allen had told his friends that he was sure the streamliner would better 200mph if conditions were good. “He was coasting through the timed trap at close to 200mph,” says Stoker. “He had another 1000rpm in hand before he reached the timing light, but he was getting wheelspin because of surface water and he had to ease off.”
“You never know whether the water table is going to be up or down, if the salt is going to be like concrete and you can burn a black streak, or mushy and rutted,” adds Stoker.
Who would be first to top 200mph? BMW, NSU and the Texans’ Triumph were all contenders, as well as Russell Wright and Bob Burns with their Vincent and Brit rider Bob Berry and his 1000cc JAP. All were expected to put in an appearance at the salt flats the following year.
Stormy got to work on the streamliner in preparation for the 1956 record attempts.
The shell was modified with a headrest made from chrome-moly tube, streamlined with doped aeroplane fabric, while the front wheel got an underbelly salt deflector.
Wilson checked over the engine: a new one-piece crank was machined from Natralloy in California but the iron head remained, even though the Triumph factory had offered a specially cast alloy head with splayed ports. Inlet valves remained at ¼in larger than standard (the exhaust valves were always stock) with double S&W springs, and factory Q camshafts and R race-type lifters with more overlap – thanks in part to using 0.5mm clearance instead of standard zero clearance when cold. Compression ratio was lowered to 8.5:1 to take account of the extra nitromethane – they were using 20 per cent mixed with 75 per cent methanol and 5 per cent benzole fed through two 1 3/8in GP carburettors. Instead of the BT-H magneto, Wilson installed a Lucas racing instrument.
The Triumph gearbox now had special close ratios with an extra-tall first. The engine shaft sprocket was 26 teeth (24 is stock), while the gearbox sprocket was almost doubled to 32 teeth to give a final gear ratio of 2.33:1.
And the Ceegar got a new paint job in Texas colours – white and blue bodywork with the Lone Star on the nose, and a red checkerboard tail. In keeping with Bonneville tradition, the streamliner still carried No 18 on the tail.
Wright and Burns never made it to the 200 mark but NSU, the world’s biggest motorcycle producer, had booked the salt flats for two weeks starting 1 August. The Germans were putting in a massive effort to take as many world’s fastest classes as possible and spared no expense, chartering a KLM airliner to fly in 30 riders, technicians, factory staff and journalists – along with timing experts from the Longines factory. The 125 and 300cc records were already in the bag when they wheeled out the DOHC 500. Finished in red on top, with white in the middle and blue-grey below to make it stand out on the salt, Delphin III was the latest version of the 1951 supercharged record breaker. On Saturday 4 August, Wilhelm Hertz blasted back into the record books with an average of 211.40mph for the mile.
“Bus Schaller, the AMA referee, was there,” says Charles, “and he told them that if they could run any faster then they ought to get on with it, because the Texas Cee-gar was coming to Bonneville and was going to blow their record out of the tub.”
But the NSU team packed up and flew home. They wanted their record breaker to be the star of the International Motorcycle Show in Cologne in September.
Johnson Motors had reserved the salt for 4-6 September. On Wednesday 5 and with the streamliner supported in its new ‘wheelbarrow’ cradle, Stormy Mangham pointed the projectile at the distant mountains and started to run along the black oil line that still stained the salt. He knew that success depended on the shape of his streamliner – the small frontal area offered just 20 per cent of the air resistance of the fully enclosed conventional motorcycle that NSU had used.
The start of the timed stretch was three miles away. Johnny dumped the clutch and the Triumph burst into life. Revving to 6500 in first took him past 100mph. The same revs in second accelerated him past 150mph, before he selected third at nearly 200mph and snicked into top about two miles and less than 60 seconds from his starting point. He kept on accelerating down to measured kilometre and mile – they were using the German markers. But all was not well – Allen had run into a bad vibration period. Wilson took the streamliner back to Wendover where they found the front wheel was out of balance.
They were ready to roll again at 9am the following morning. Stormy Mangham took a long draw on his cigarette and blew smoke into the air. Just a gentle breeze – maybe two or three miles an hour at most. Time to take that record.
Stormy pushed his streamliner away again and the engine fired immediately. Johnny ran it up to 7000 in first, watched the tach drop as he slipped into second, and changed into third when the needle hit 7K again. As he selected top gear he just caught sight of the first marker for the measured mile – still about a mile away – and he entered the traps at 6500rpm. The Thunderbird was revving at 7000 just as he passed the second marker. 216.44mph.
Stormy’s team quickly fitted new Reynolds chains for the return run. It was the same again – 6500 into the trap and 7000 out. 212.36mph.
Average for the mile: 214.40. Average for the kilometre: 214.17. The Texas Cee-gar had beaten the record set by Hertz and NSU before the wind had blown their tracks away.
Johnny’s claim to the World’s Fastest was submitted to Tom Loughborough, the British based secretary general of the FIM. As agreed with Loughborough the attempt had been supervised by Philip Mayne of the International Federation of Motorcycle Sport (FIA) which was affiliated to the FIM, and who had checked and approved the timing apparatus built by the Californian Institute of Technology. The record would be confirmed if there was no protest lodged within three months. None was.
Record breakers vs rule makers
But then Loughborough got a call from FIM President Piet Nortier…
Loughborough wrote: “In view of the fact that it was impossible for the new American timing apparatus to be formally approved by the FIM before the record attempts were made, it has been decided by the International Sporting Committee that to make assurance doubly sure, advantage shall be taken of the coming visit of Monsieur Penrose of the FIM to the US in company with Count Lurani, a CSI vice-president, to supervise further tests of the apparatus in question.”
Perous and Lurani declared the timing equipment satisfactory. But even that was not enough. In April 1957 the FIM rejected the Texan’s claim with a single sentence: “Although the accuracy of the timing equipment was not questioned, it did not have the FIM seal of approval.”
Johnny appealed the verdict without success but although it didn’t seem to bother the modest Texan in the slightest, Triumph bosses could smell a rat and wondered if the expensive dinner parties that NSU put on for the FIM Congress had anything to do with it. They sued the FIM, then pulled out of the case after a two-year battle when they were warned by lawyers that it was not a legal issue – the FIM was entitled to impose its rules any way they wanted to. And to prove it, in 1960 they banned the Triumph factory from international events for two years.
But despite the shenanigans at the FIM there wasn’t anyone who doubted that Johnny Allen had not travelled faster on two wheels than anyone else in the world. The American and British press splashed ‘World’s Fastest’ headlines across their pages, and adverts from Dunlop tyres, Amal carburettors, Lodge plugs, Reynold, Lucas, Triumph and Johnson Motors congratulated the Texans and basked in reflected glory.
And when the Triumph factory introduced a hot new 650 twin at the 1958 Earls Court motorcycle show it was named in honour of Johnny Allen and the Texans that built the world’s fastest motorcycle. The Bonneville.
WORDS PHILLIP TOOTH PHOTOGRAPHY PHILLIP TOOTH & JOHNNY ALLEN, BOB STOKER AND CHARLES MANGHAM ARCHIVES | <urn:uuid:56574889-f18a-47b2-b495-1b3937eeba44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amcn.com.au/editorial/texas-cee-gar-land-speed-record/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975579 | 4,745 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Single-point level sensor and switch detects the presence of refrigerants at specific points in refrigerant vessels, intercoolers, packaged chillers and other applications. Offered in ammonia refrigerant and halocarbon models byHansen Technologies Corp., the switch can be used to control pumps and solenoid valves, operate low and high level alarms or in computerized monitoring applications. Its low voltage signal output can be used directly with plant computers, PLCs and sold-state relays. Device has a stainless steel probe body and plug-in electronics.
November/December 2000, RS# 213 | <urn:uuid:e11f5770-f025-4fa3-844b-21b900ade278> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.process-cooling.com/articles/84240-refrigerant-level-sensor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.853429 | 121 | 1.617188 | 2 |
“I’m petrified,” the actress mentioned when she shared the news that her breast most cancers got here again. Get probably the most important health and fitness news in your inbox every Saturday. A new examine has discovered that pandemic-related anxiety, boredom, and irregular routines had been cited as main drivers of elevated nicotine and tobacco use through the initial Covid-19 lockdown. According to a new examine, common bodily exercise or exercising is a protected diabetes prevention strategy for people, particularly those residing in relatively polluted regions. A research drove by the Nutrition Journal, involving seven nations found that greenhouse gas emissions associated with national dietary tips advocating a nutritious diet vary significantly between countries.
But such was the frequency of recent kind 1 instances in Covid patients, docs started to suspect a more direct hyperlink; that Covid an infection could be directly inflicting harm to the pancreas, resulting in diabetes. “We stay committed to taking a hard take a look at our efforts and finding methods to repeatedly enhance,” Amir Dan Rubin mentioned amid reports the primary care chain gave the coronavirus vaccine to ineligible people. Cardiac rehabilitation and wellness packages can help people recuperate from cardiovascular disease in addition to discover ways to eat higher, train and keep good health for all times. In this interview, Allison Cannon and Parker Dundore, scientific train physiologists at Penn State Health St. Joseph, speak about full rehabilitation look after a full range of cardiovascular circumstances. More than 1,500 COVID-19 patients are occupying intensive care beds, the best quantity yet recorded by the Czech healthcare system.
This is a news collection page about health covering the newest in analysis, scientific discoveries, diets, obesity, most cancers, medical procedures, medicine, hospitals and authorities health guidelines. Australians spent $180.7 billion on health in , which is greater than $7,400 per person. With an ageing inhabitants, health and the costs surrounding it will proceed to be a significant concern of the general public. In 2018, the abuse of the elderly in aged care properties has been a big news story and one which has become a major speaking point in authorities after distressing movies and pictures emerged. The Government’s Budget Long Term National Health Plan sits at $ninety nine.1 billion and focuses on aged care, guaranteeing Medicare, and enhancing Indigenous health.
Inside Males’s Health:
Get to know all news on AIDS, Cancer, Addiction, Allergies, Anti-ageing, Backache & extra news on health. Stay updated on the newest psychological health news with trustworthy and correct reporting from Verywell Mind’s group of board-certified physicians, health journalists, and industry consultants. Health consultants query plan to permit personal companies to import vaccines to ‘speed up’ effort to reach herd immunity. Today’s strike by medical technicians in Oregon could be the start of a labour organising development amid the pandemic. NY Governor Andrew Cuomo’s aides allegedly pushed health officials to alter report on COVID deaths, US media report. The Food and Drug Administration stated Wednesday that Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine meets its requirements for emergency use authorization, which would provide a 3rd option within the fight towards the pandemic.
As many as 200,000 NHS and care staff have refused the provide of a jab. To date, six cases of the variant of concern have been discovered in the UK – three in Scotland and three in England. A public attraction had been made for a kind of people in England to return ahead. A new research led by Harvard and MIT found that males, older adults and smokers had greater ranges of ACE2, the receptor the coronavirus uses to enter and infect cells.
Covid Blow: Delayed Remedy, Wfh Worsened Eye Illness Circumstances, Say Medical Doctors
Millions of doses of Pfizer’s coronavirus vaccine are expected to be shipped nationwide and arrive on Monday. Convincing medical staffers to get vaccinated shall be an important first step in convincing everybody else. On Monday, Moderna announced its COVID-19 vaccine continues to be protecting, but slightly less potent, against a new coronavirus mutant.
India has urged the United States, Japan and Australia to put money into its vaccine production capacity, an Indian authorities source advised Reuters, as the so-known as Quad alliance tries to counter China’s growing vaccine diplomacy. Beijing has dedicated to offering no less than 463 million doses of its house-made Covid-19 vaccines by way of exports and donations the world over. India administered almost 17 lakh Covid-19 vaccine doses until 9 pm on Monday, the best doses given in a single day thus far. Of this, over seventy one% doses got to those above 60 years of age and people between forty five and 60 years with specified comorbidities.
Ny Governors Aide Altered Depend Of Nursing House Deaths: Reviews
Digital health can enhance care, however in Ontario, health information are nonetheless fragmented, regardless of billions of dollars spent during the last two decades to enable quick and secure change of health data. Details about when the wider public can anticipate to get the coronavirus vaccine might be revealed by the federal government at present. UCLA Health share medically sound, proof-based mostly details about the security and effectiveness of all the vaccines. TranslateCovid.org delivers correct data to communities typically dealing with increased vulnerabilities because of a lack entry to official public health news in a language other than English. | <urn:uuid:4af4231f-a9b6-4668-9f0a-741a1c1b534d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://humanhealthnews.xyz/latest-health-healthcare-news-and-press-releases.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.943488 | 1,134 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Netherlands to deploy naval ship to mission in Persian Gulf: report
The Netherlands will contribute to a mission to protect the important oil shipping routes in the Strait of Hormuz. A navy ship will be deployed to the Persian Gulf for six months, to take part in a mission led by France that is set to start in January, sources in The Hague confirmed to RTL Nieuws after reports by ANP.
The mission is expected to cost between 10 million and 15 million euros. The Netherland's role will mainly be an 'observing' one, according to the broadcaster's sources. The mission's headquarters will be a French naval base in Abu Dhabi.
In the summer the Netherlands already indicated that it would like to agree to an American request for assistance in the region, but only if the mission is carried out in a European context and as long as the Netherlands is not drawn into the American conflict with Iran.
The mission can include up to ten European and non-European countries. So far the Netherlands, France and Denmark are in, according to RTL. | <urn:uuid:49d1bb92-9e11-4c68-a057-3037bd008418> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nltimes.nl/2019/11/26/netherlands-deploy-naval-ship-mission-persian-gulf-report | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961439 | 219 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Crohn’s Disease Basics
Symptoms, outlook and diet tips
Crohn’s disease is an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) which causes our immune system to attack the gastrointestinal tract. While long described as an autoimmune disease, experts now call Crohn’s a disease of immune deficiency.
A compromised immune system mistakes healthy digestive bacteria as foreign and attacks, sending white blood cells to intestinal lining where they produce chronic inflammation. These cells then generate harmful products that ultimately lead to ulcerations and bowel damage. And a lot of poop
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea (may be bloody if inflammation is bad)
- vomiting or weight loss
- ulcers throughout digestive tract (from mouth to anus)
- skin rashes
- inflammation of the eye
- lack of concentration
First discovered in 1932 by American gastroenterologist Burrill Bernard Crohn, there are now over 1.4 million Americans with IBD, split evenly between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn’s often appears in ages 15-30, but can occur at any age. While there’s no cure, medicine can treat inflammation along with diet and yoga which play a big role in reducing your symptoms and improving health.
The most common diets for treating Crohn’s involves eliminating irritating foods like sugar, wheat and dairy. Consult our food list for the Specific Carbohydrate Diet
, as well as our review of the Paleo Diet book
; both diets can have immensely positive results for Crohn’s patients.
There are a few way to determine if you have Crohn’s: endoscopy, radiology tests, nuclear scans and a blood test. Swallowing the camera pill is a good option but may make for an uncomfortable work day. Endoscopy is invasive and you feel bloated for hours afterward because of the air they pump through your tract to make way for the camera.
Crohn’s and colitis are very similar and exact diagnosis can be difficult. See the chart below which compares Crohn’s vs. Colitis symptoms:
|Ileum involvement (where small & large intestine meet)
|Involvement around anus
|Bile duct involvement
||no increase in rate
|Distribution of inflammation
||deep snake-like ulcers
|Depth of inflammation
||may be transmural, deep into tissues
|Stenosis (narrowing of organ tubes) | <urn:uuid:d01d9de0-8db0-4266-8f93-ebf9d47a92c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://happy-tummy.org/crohns-disease-basics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.888791 | 650 | 3.09375 | 3 |
There are several corrugators in Mindanao serving the total corrugated carton requirement of the area. Mindanao’s annual requirement is roughly at 200,000MT, and about 84% of which is from the fresh fruits industry.
One of the biggest corrugators in Mindanao is Mindanao Corrugated Fibreboard, Inc. (Mincorr). The Plant is strategically located in Davao City, to easily serve the corrugated box requirements of Southern Mindanao where most of the commercial plantations are located.
Bulk of Mincorr’s volume is for the production of fresh banana boxes for export. Majority of which is in tolling arrangement, where the customers provide the kraft paper rolls for the production of its boxes at an agreed yield. Tolling arrangements are covered with long-term contracts that can range from 3 years up to 10 years.
Special arrangements are also being offered to its customers. Examples of these are buffer stock inventory, just-in-time deliveries to packing plants, duty-free importation of imported materials under the Philippine government tax incentive program, warehousing of kraft paper rolls, and oncall product development and technical services.
Besides the regular boxes such as RSC, HSC and CSSC, the plant is also capable of producing trays, wrap-around cartons, high-graphics prints, waxcoated cartons, rip-top cartons and POP/promo structures. | <urn:uuid:c9714e3f-0c13-4692-bea3-495d903e50c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://tosijasindo.com/?page_id=70 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.940981 | 305 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Retirees deserve to kick up their feet and revel in the product of their hard work. This task may seem impossible if you think you don't have enough money saved up. Fortunately, there are ways to safeguard your future as much as possible. If you're a future retiree, read this guide on how to best build your nest egg before retirement so that you're ready for whatever comes your way.
Cancel Unnecessary Expenses and Investments
People, there is no need to buy a sports car during a mid-life crisis. Chances are you'll look silly, and these vehicles aren't a good investment. In fact, it's best to cancel all your unnecessary expenses and investments the minute you start to think about retiring. The more money you save from ending bad investments, the more money you'll have for the future.
Other examples of common bad investments include:
- Timeshares: Timeshares can cause financial problems like a lower credit score and possible foreclosure. As a result, it's best to stay away from these shared vacation properties.
- Specialized collections: Some individuals collect baseball cards or stamps in the hopes that they will be worth something in the future. Often, people end up losing more money than they make.
Cut unnecessary expenses. How many streaming services and cable channels do you have? How much do you spend on eating out? Even small cuts in spending can go a long way.
Save a Little at a Time
Another tip on how to best build your nest egg is to save a little at a time. Hopefully, you are already contributing to your employer's 401(k) or another retirement account. Consider setting aside an additional small amount from each paycheck so that you can use that money down the line. You won't believe how fast the numbers accumulate, and you'll see that small changes make a significant difference.
Speak to an Expert
Setting a retirement budget can be challenging, so there's no reason you have to do it alone. Think about talking to financial experts who can help you plan for the unexpected. These professionals will take a look at where you stand to help you set realistic goals for retirement. Don't be ashamed of asking for help.
Plan for Future Health Care Expenses
If you have money in a Health Savings Account, continue to contribute to it. The pre-tax money in this account grows tax-deferred and the proceeds come out tax-free if used for health-related expenses, including deductibles and Long-Term Care Insurance premiums.
Once you get to age 65, you will have Medicare for your health insurance; however, since Medicare has substantial deductibles, most people will purchase a supplement to cover those deductibles. But Medicare, like the health insurance you now have in place, will only pay a fraction of the future long-term health care you may need as you get older.
Consider looking into Long-Term Care Insurance before you retire to cover the costs, and the related family burden will come from your future care.
The current climate has shown us all that we must be ready for anything. Unexpected events like sudden market corrections and the current virus crisis can adversely impact your assets. It's essential to have a nest egg so that nothing unexpected ruins your plans. These tips should help you feel a little more financially secure before you leave the workforce.
About the Author
Mallory Knee is a freelance writer for multiple online publications where she can showcase her affinity for all things beauty and fashion. She particularly enjoys writing for communities of passionate women who come together for a shared interest and empower one another in the process. In her free time, you can find Mallory trying a fun new dinner recipe, practicing calligraphy, or hanging out with her family.
Contributor since September 25th, 2020
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Contact the advertising department by clicking here. | <urn:uuid:4bba8f37-89fe-4099-a7aa-792b5c46d805> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ltcnews.com/articles/building-a-strong-nest-egg-before-retirement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952967 | 1,254 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Early Western travelers, traveling whether to India, Persia, Turkey or China, would frequently remark on the absence of change in fashion in those countries. The Japanese shōgun's secretary bragged (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years. However, there is considerable evidence in Ming China of rapidly changing fashions in Chinese clothing. Changes in costume often took place at times of economic or social change, as occurred in ancient Rome and the medieval Caliphate, followed by a long period without major changes. In 8th-century Moorish Spain, the musician Ziryab introduced to Córdoba[unreliable source] sophisticated clothing-styles based on seasonal and daily fashions from his native Baghdad, modified by his own inspiration. Similar changes in fashion occurred in the 11th century in the Middle East following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia and the Far East.
Social media is changing the way practitioners deliver messages, as they are concerned with the media, and also customer relationship building. PR practitioners must provide effective communication among all platforms, in order to engage the fashion public in an industry socially connected via online shopping. Consumers have the ability to share their purchases on their personal social media pages (such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.), and if practitioners deliver the brand message effectively and meet the needs of its public, word-of-mouth publicity will be generated and potentially provide a wide reach for the designer and their products.
I just entered this whole blogging world and your website is saving my life – well, that’s a bit extreme. But yes. My life is being saved. There are so many clear, witty explanations of how and why I need to do particular things that I *could* spend all day simply pouring over the info you provide. But I won’t. Because you taught me that I was avoiding actually creating content. I am now in the process of figuring out how to do a good logo and the last comment I read addressed that very problem. Fantastic! Now I’m off to purchase and figure out Aweber. Ta!
The beginning in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in clothing styles can be fairly reliably dated. Historians, including James Laver and Fernand Braudel, date the start of Western fashion in clothing to the middle of the 14th century, though they tend to rely heavily on contemporary imagery and illuminated manuscripts were not common before the fourteenth century. The most dramatic early change in fashion was a sudden drastic shortening and tightening of the male over-garment from calf-length to barely covering the buttocks, sometimes accompanied with stuffing in the chest to make it look bigger.
(in clothing: = latest style) → Mode f; (back) in fashion → (wieder) modern; it’s the/all the fashion → es ist Mode/große Mode; to come into/go out of fashion → in Mode/aus der Mode kommen; a man of fashion → ein modischer Herr; the Paris fashions → die Pariser Mode; she always wears the latest fashions → sie ist immer nach der neuesten Mode gekleidet; fashions in women’s clothes → die Damenmode; to set a fashion → eine Mode aufbringen; the fashion world → die Welt der Mode
In the 16th century, national differences were at their most pronounced. Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats. Albrecht Dürer illustrated the differences in his actual (or composite) contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right). The "Spanish style" of the late 16th century began the move back to synchronicity among upper-class Europeans, and after a struggle in the mid-17th century, French styles decisively took over leadership, a process completed in the 18th century.
Not only did political events make a huge impact on fashion trends but also the political figure played a critical role in forecasting the fashion trend. For example, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy was a fashionable icon of the early 1960s who led formal dressing trend. By wearing a Chanel suit, a structural Givenchy shift dress or a soft color Cassini coat with huge buttons, it created her elegant look and led a delicate trend.
Aiming to “amplify a greater message of unity, inclusion, diversity, and feminism in a fashion space”, Mara Hoffman invited the founders of the Women's March on Washington to open her show which featured modern silhouettes of utilitarian wear, described by critics as “Made for a modern warrior” and “Clothing for those who still have work to do”. Prabal Gurung debuted his collection of T-shirts featuring slogans such as “The Future is Female”, “We Will Not Be Silenced”, and “Nevertheless She Persisted”, with proceeds going to the ACLU, Planned Parenthood, and Gurung's own charity, “Shikshya Foundation Nepal”. Similarly, The Business of Fashion launched the #TiedTogether movement on Social Media, encouraging member of the industry from editors to models, to wear a white bandana advocating for “unity, solidarity, and inclusiveness during fashion week”.
June 5, 2016 By fashionandstylepolice in Blogging Tips, Fashion Tags: 30 Blog Post Ideas for Fashion Blogs, Children's Style, Fashion, Fashion and Style Police, Fashion Blog Post Ideas, Fashion Blog UK, Fashion Blogger UK, Fashion Designers, Fashion News, Fashion trends, Fashionistas, High Street Fashion, High Street Shops, Moodboards, Outfit Photography Tips, Red Carpet Fashion, Red Carpet Style, street style, Style, Uk Bloggers, Wardrobe essentials, Who Wore It Better, Wishlist 59 Comments
Fashion public relations involves being in touch with a company's audiences and creating strong relationships with them, reaching out to media and initiating messages that project positive images of the company. Social media plays an important role in modern-day fashion public relations; enabling practitioners to reach a wide range of consumers through various platforms.
^ Park, Jennifer. "Unisex Clothing". Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion. Ed. Valerie Steele. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. 382–384. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 22 Sept. 2014. Document URL http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3427500609&v=2.1&u=fitsuny&it=r&p=GVRL.xlit.artemisfit&sw=w&asid=6f171eb2ab8928b007d0495eb681099c
The best fashion blogs don't just give you incredible style advice—they give you inspiration. Fashion blogs engage you in interesting content and provide new ideas on the subject of fashion and the surrounding creative world. Sure, everyone wants great outfit ideas for their saved Instagram section and dream wardrobes, but fashion isn't just about looking perfect. It can be an expression of who you are and how you want to represent yourself in the world. Now, if that's a little too deep for you, fear not. Our roundup of the best fashion blogs is a mix of serious and lighthearted takes on style.
no pl (= manner) → Art (und Weise) f; (in the) Indian fashion → auf Indianerart, nach Art der Indianer; in the usual fashion → wie üblich; in a similar fashion → auf ähnliche Weise; to behave in a strange fashion → sich merkwürdig verhalten; did it work/have you translated it? — after a fashion → hat es geklappt/hast du es übersetzt? — so einigermaßen; to do something after or in a fashion → etw recht und schlecht machen; I can cook after a fashion → ich kann so einigermaßen kochen; a novel after or in the fashion of D.H. Lawrence → ein Roman im Stil von D. H. Lawrence; in this fashion → auf diese Weise, so | <urn:uuid:73ceb116-6144-4db6-ba7e-4c6c52a32fbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://justfirefits.club/fashion-in-cloth-find-out-more.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.895094 | 1,816 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The German Way of War: From the Thirty Years' War to the Third Reich
University Press of Kansas, 2005 - 428 trang
For Frederick the Great, the prescription for warfare was simple: kurz und vives ("short and lively")—wars that relied upon swift, powerful, and decisive military operations. Robert Citino takes us on a dramatic march through Prussian and German military history to show how that primal theme played out time and time again.
Citino focuses on operational warfare to demonstrate continuity in German military campaigns from the time of Elector Frederick Wilhelm and his great "sleigh-drive" against the Swedes to the age of Adolf Hitler and the blitzkrieg to the gates of Moscow. Along the way, he underscores the role played by the Prussian army in elevating a small, vulnerable state to the ranks of the European powers, describes how nineteenth-century victories over Austria and France made the German army the most respected in Europe, and reviews the lessons learned from the trenches of World War I.
Through this long view, Citino reveals an essential recurrent pattern—characterized by rapid troop movements and surprise attacks, maneuvers to outflank the enemy, and a determination to annihilate the opposition—that made it possible for the Germans to fight armies often larger than their own. He highlights the aggressiveness of Prussian and German commanders—trained simply to find the enemy and keep attacking—and destroys the myth of Auftragstaktik ("flexible command"), replacing it with the independence of subordinate commanders. He also brings new interpretations to well-known operations, such as Moltke's 1866 campaign and the opening campaign in 1914, while introducing readers to less familiar but important battles like Langensalza and the Annaberg.
The German way of war, as Citino shows, was fostered by the development of a widely accepted and deeply embedded military culture that supported and rewarded aggression. His book offers a fresh look at one of the most remarkable, respected, and reviled militaries of the past half millennium and marks another sterling contribution to the history of operational warfare.
Nội dung mọi người đang nói đến - Viết bài đánh giá
LibraryThing ReviewĐánh giá của Người dùng - SuperIke - LibraryThing
Robert Citino's book is a very good compendium of the art of making war according to the Prussian-Germans, from the 17th century to the 20th. The common thread that links all the wars of the Prussian ... Đọc toàn bộ bài đánh giá | <urn:uuid:273cbcd5-2d97-40a8-801c-625c7659b2ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=iRhOPgAACAAJ&dq=editions:ISBN0700616241&hl=vi&output=html_text&source=gbs_navlinks_s | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934926 | 594 | 2.90625 | 3 |
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa has called for the arrest of those involved in a spate of attacks targeting foreign-owned businesses in the country.
Ramaphosa said in a statement that he had convened a security meeting with law enforcement agencies to stop “these acts of wanton violence.”
He said there was no justification for the attacks and warned that violence on foreign businesses could trigger xenophobic attacks against South Africans living abroad.
“There can be no justification for any South African to attack people from other countries.” Ramaphosa said in a series of videos on his official Twitter account. “We are against xenophobia. These attacks are completely against the rule of law.”
Five people have been killed in the unrest that started last week in Tshwane, Pretoria. By Tuesday, police had arrested 189 people allegedly involved in violence that flared Sunday in Johannesburg.
Mobs looted, burned and vandalized shops, properties and vehicles, South African police said. Police fired rubber bullets in some areas to disperse the crowds. Many foreign owned businesses were targeted in the violence.
Criminal gangs had also taken advantage of the chaos to break into other, locally-owned businesses, police added.
“It’s clear it’s pure criminal elements that are taking advantage of a volatile situation,” said South Africa Police Minister General Bheki Cele.
Xenophobic and anti-immigrant attacks are not new in South Africa. Demonstrators forced hundreds of foreigners from their homes and looted some businesses in Durban in April. They claimed that foreigners had taken jobs that should have been filled by locals.
In response to the recent violence, the African Union – an intergovernmental body consisting of all 55 African states – issued a statement Tuesday condemning “in the strongest terms, the incidents of violence against nationals of fellow African countries in South Africa.”
The Nigerian government summoned South Africa’s High Commissioner to Nigeria Bobby Moroe on Wednesday, saying some of its citizens had been targeted in the attacks.
President Muhammadu Buhari said he was deeply concerned about the situation, and also sent a delegation to meet with Ramaphosa over the attacks. Buhari is due to travel to South Africa next month.
In a statement, the Zambia High Commission in Pretoria advised Zambian truck drivers to avoid working in South Africa, saying they have faced “physical attacks and threats from their South African counterparts.”
South African truck drivers took part in a nationwide strike on Sunday and Monday, protesting against the employment of foreigners in the industry.
Police said they arrested at least 20 people on Monday in connection with attacks on trucks and truck drivers in and around the port city of Durban, where strikers had blocked roads.
Human Rights Watch last week called on the South African government to “take urgent measures” to protect foreign national truck drivers, who they say face xenophobic violence.
CNN’s Helen Regan contributed to reporting. | <urn:uuid:f86acbb3-c7ff-4915-8220-0f73659b56c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/03/africa/south-africa-condemns-attack-on-foreigners-intl/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.976028 | 620 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Speech Sound Development
Speech sounds start emerging when an infant starts to babble and continue to develop throughout early childhood up to approximately 8 years. All children develop uniquely, although usually follow a typical developmental pathway.
By the age of two years most children can be understood by familiar adults most of the time. By three years they can be understood by unfamiliar adults most of the time and by five years of age most children will be understood all of the time in all contexts.
A number of factors can influence a child’s capacity to develop effectively in this area including:
- Middle ear complications – Conductive hearing loss
- Disorders of muscle tone
- Phonological processing difficulties
- Motor speech difficulties
- Global developmental delay
- Receptive and Expressive language disorders
- Brain trauma
If you are having trouble understanding your child or if other people do not understand them it can be extremely frustrating and often behaviour difficulties arise because of this. An assessment will determine whether your child is following an appropriate developmental pathway at a typical speed or whether there is a delay or disorder that requires treatment. Intervention will only be recommended if it is identified that your child will not develop a satisfactory complete speech system without support.
Justine can provide specialist intervention for children of all ages who are having difficulty developing effective and intelligible speech.
I contacted Justine about my 2.5 year old after his nursery raised some concerns about his mouth regularly being open and excess dribbling. Justine took the time to thoroughly understand the issue and the flags that nursery had identified as well as a detailed background of my son's life to date. She then provided us with some very useful advice but concluded we wouldn't benefit from treatment at this stage. I really appreciated her friendly and pragmatic communication and felt reassured after speaking with her that I knew how to help my son. I appreciated the time she invested, especially given it didn't result in any specific work for her. Thank you!
Justine is an amazing therapist, my daughter has been lucky enough to see her in London weekly for Prompt therapy for the past 3 years. My daughters speech has improved so much as a result of her seeing Justine every week. I’m so grateful she gets to see Justine and can’t recommend her enough.
I would recommend working with Justine, she is very kind, very patient and has found the perfect way to make my child understand, thank you so much Justine.
You have been a magician for Tristan!
Justine you are an amazing,caring and passionate lady. We can't thank you enough.
Dear Justine, Thank you for being so wonderful and caring for Damien the way you have we really appreciate everything you have done for him. | <urn:uuid:962e327f-e116-4568-a40c-938e0f8dcfb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rhindspeechtherapy.co.uk/speech-sound-development-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968346 | 560 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Women leaders emphasize teamwork and authentic communication as a key to success. Kesner is an example of the excellence female leaders bring to their roles. 27 slot, while journalist Chai Jing, whose work on pollution in China has been. And many also say that women, in fact, perform better in certain aspects of leadership than men. Women leaders are more transformational than men leaders. As a source of Inspiration It is the family that inspires an individual to bring out the best in him. Dani Colyer Anthropology Professor Doumani 9 December 2014 Whale Rider Whale Rider is an exemplary film of feminism and women coming into leadership roles. 2 Parties with representation in devolved parliaments. There is a trend . Kathleen Gerson, a professor of sociology at New York University, notes, for example, that women leaders are more likely to be elected in "a political culture in which there's a relative . According to a study by management consulting company Strategy&, over the past 10 years, 38 percent of female CEOs were forced out, while only 27 percent of male CEOs' tenures reached the same sticky end. Elected prime minister of Sri Lanka, then known as Ceylon, in 1960, Bandaranaike was the first woman to be elected head of a government in the modern world. proportionally represented in leadership roles (Bismark et al., 2015). The Quiet Defender: Her Excellency Tsai Ing-Wen President of Taiwan (2016 -) Tsai Ing-Wen, the first female president of Taiwan, is a well-known admirer of Margaret Thatcher, but it's hard to imagine the 'Iron Lady' regularly posting photos of her cuddling her two cats on Instagram as Tsai does. May 13, 2020, CHI Health Center. (1) See, for example, Abdulrahman, Maral, and Amoush, Arwa Hussein Mohamad, 'Female characteristics and their new roles in leadership', Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 10 April 2020, 8(2), 38-47. . Women leaders tend to be participatory and possess a democratic style of leading people. Joanne Ciulla, Prof Jepson School of Leadership Studies. Read on for collected wisdom from Jacinda Ardern, Cori Bush, Michelle Obama, and more. The Women's Leadership Experience is a proven, research-based women's leadership development program that can be customized for your organization's unique context and culture. Gender Disparity.
They talked about giving others credit and praise and sending small. According to the same report, though most say that there . Is Key. 20 Female World Leaders - Women Politicians and Female World Leaders You Should Know 1 Roe v. Wade Has Been Overturned 2 Donate to an Abortion Fund Now 3 Hanifa's New Collection Is True Inclusion 4. Talk about a force to be reckoned with. They function as a role model for their subordinates. Indian by birth, Nooyi is one of the most successful top female executives in the United States and is consistently ranked among the world's 100 Most Powerful Women. Females face challenges in leadership including the misconception that only males make effective leaders. For example, in a study conducted by Allyson Stokes of the University of Waterloo, language as it pertains to male and female fashion designers was examined.Upon analyzing numerous large publications, such as Vogue, she discovered there was a gender disparity . Partner with us to craft an experience that equips your women in leadership roles with the skills needed to advance even . Subtle exposures to highly successful female leaders improved women's performance and self-evaluations in stressful leadership tasks. For example, to a greater extent than men, women leaders may need to adapt their behavior depending on whether they are dealing upward or downward. Though she suffers greatly, she always. It is a complex moral relationship between people based on trust, obligation, commitment, emotion, and a shared vision of the good. She was called India's "best-loved politician" by the Wall Street Journal. The majority of all Muslims in the world live in countries that have, at some time, elected women as their leaders. The list includes many familiar and great female leaders such as Hillary Clinton, Queen Victoria, Mother Teresa, Margaret Thatcher, Angela Merkel.The women leaders featured in this list are from United States, United Kingdom, Canada & Australia and many more countries. In a workshop series that our organizations held with women representatives in finance ministries, auditors and public finance nonprofit leaders, we heard examples of women being looked upon to . Sabina Gault, founder of Konnect PR, understands that it's how you push through those challenges that make you a leader. Top 25 Women Leaders Gala will be hosted virtually on July 23, 2021 in conjunction with the Women Leaders in Healthcare Conference (July 22-23, 2021). While men were more . Collectively, these themes reveal deeper, more . (2) Mousa, Mariam, et al., 'Advancing women in healthcare leadership: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of multi-sector evidence on organisational interventions . They inspire their team and spend a lot of time coaching their team. Editor's Note: This article is part of " Change Makers ," our recent . Professional women must learn to skillfully and consistently communicate their career advancement goals and desires to their supervisors. This study evaluated 149 male and female students from a Swiss University who were assigned to give a persuasive public speech in front of a 12-person audience in a Virtual Reality Environment. Digital Transformation Melissa Angell. Gender disparity or gender inequality has been a barrier to women leadership since ancient times. For example, I used Wikipedia's list of 22 current elected or appointed female heads of state and government, without differentiating whether each woman was a governing leader, such as Norway . Additionally, families are more secure when women move into higher-paying leadership . Young Global Leaders; Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship; Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution; New Champions . Women are more likely than men to say female leaders outperform men on several leadership dimensions. Jacobs is one of several female world leaders who have won recognition as voices of reason amid the coronavirus pandemic. Though she suffers greatly, she always . 1.8 Scottish National Party. Dorcas Cheng-Tozun September 6, 2017. Jung served as the first ever female CEO of Avon Products, Inc. from 1999 . Perseverance. Jane Eyre, Jane Eyre. With all that being said, our research has found that highly successful women leaders often approach their careers and their lives by embracing these 4 keys to success: agency, authenticity, connection, and wholeness. Gender disparity is based on the premises that women and men are unequal and women are less powerful than men. For example, while 80% of Democratic women say that female leaders in politics are better at being compassionate and empathetic, only 56% of Republican women agree with this assessment.
All genders benefit when individuals are free to make their own choices. For example, in the . 1.5 Labour Party. Leadership means acting for change, and encouraging others to join a movement toward a different future. In short, a successful woman leader generally shows signs of femininity, while assertively taking charge and demonstrating her competence. Collectively, these themes reveal deeper, more . The 2021 Top 25 Women Leaders in Healthcare have a mission to combat the long-standing imbalance of gender equity at the top rungs of leadership, serve as mentors and create workplaces that . Look for, bond with, and become a mentor and role model for other women . We have a long way to go, but we're getting there. Methodology. Don't lean in when you've got nothing to lean in about. In fact, in this past year alone, we've seen four women become creative directors at major fashion houses: Maria Grazia Chiuri at Dior, Clare Waight Keller at Givenchy, Natacha Ramsay-Levi at Chloe, and Bouchra Jarrar at Lanvin. Instagram Instagram The link to this photo or video may be broken, or the post may have been removed. 12 Women Leaders That Changed The World In 2020 Whether guiding a nation with a steady hand or rising up against injustice, these leaders offer a glimpse of how to make progress under difficult circumstances, from Jacinda Ardern to Kamala Harris. When Women Express Their Vulnerability And Empathy A powerful example of women leadership is when we can show our vulnerability and empathy and not have. Ok fam-we unpack so much in this episode.we're diving into the gift of self awareness and knowing your worth with my friend and women's leadership expert, wife and mom, Crystal Warr. These 4 themes are woven into their career decisions and leadership styles. Her high-flying skills always wowed . (1) See, for example, Abdulrahman, Maral, and Amoush, Arwa Hussein Mohamad, 'Female characteristics and their new roles in leadership', Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 10 April 2020, 8(2), 38-47. The only safe ship in a storm is leadership. 1.4 Green Party of England and Wales. Our Mission . Moreover, being the youngest Indian cabinet minister, at the age of 25, she remains an inspiration for all young female aspirants in the field of politics. Sarojini Naidu (1879 -1949) Sarojini Naidu was an activist and a poet. She had entered politics the previous . Our research on leadership attributes found significant differences in the assignment of 28 leadership attributes when applied to men and women. As a leader, you are going to come across challenges, and sometimes things won't go according to plan. "Caring and compassionate, sensitive to student needs and the difficult demands of an often impossible job, Kesner has succeeded at the soft and hard stuff that is leadership," says Poets & Quants. Mark Cuban Says A.I. Women leaders set an example, push for . This study evaluated 149 male and female students from a Swiss University who were assigned to give a persuasive public speech in front of a 12-person audience in a Virtual Reality Environment. 49.95 View Details. One of the earliest representations of an individualistic, passionate and complex female character, Jane Eyre knocks our socks off. Elected prime minister of Sri Lanka, then known as Ceylon, in 1960, Bandaranaike was the first woman to be elected head of a government in the modern world. Andrea Jung. This leadership qualities list charts the characteristics and qualities of a good leader who leads her team to success, accompanied by some inspiring leadership quotes by women leaders. At 39 years of age, Mayer is the youngest of the three featured CEOs but she's arguably the most tech savvy of the trio. They care a lot about their personal development. Women prefer to model their managerial persona after another strong, female example, looking to them for inspiration and encouragement. It still remains a major barrier to empowerment of women and development of women leadership. Leadership style. Having more women in the workplace actually makes an organization a better place to work, for people of all genders, our research found. Mark Cuban Says A.I. The common theme in leadership studies that good leadership is inconsistent with female behavior presents the opportunity to perform further research on bias toward female behavior in leadership in the field of higher education . She was Google's . female leader and how women can better prepare themselves to take on advanced professional roles. 1. October 15, 2016 by Catherine Marie Lacasce. About Us. For example, research by Johnson et al. Women in business prefer to maintain a balance between work and family life, delaying, in some cases, their growth as business leaders. Faye Wattleton, managing director, Alvarez . Communication Style. The gap between men and women in the pandemic is even larger than previously measured, possibly indicating that women tend to perform better in a crisis.
These 4 themes are woven into their career decisions and leadership styles. The Maverick: Marissa Mayer, CEO at Yahoo! There are many twentieth and twenty-first century examples of women leading Muslim-majority countries. Women were rated more positively on 13 of . With bosses, they need to show that they can confront problems and make tough decisions, while also showing that they are supportive and approachable with their employees.
Drucker, for example, who made his name as the trusted advisor to General Motors CEO Alfred Sloan in the 1940s and 1950s and continued to advise the company after that, suggested that Frances Hesselbein, then leader of the Girl Scouts of the USA, might be the best candidate to lead . Just as the status quo is holding women back from leadership positions, it is holding men back from embracing care-taking and support roles. Here are 25 reflections: Leadership is not a person or a position. The 27 th annual 2020 ICAN Women's Leadership Conference in Omaha, Nebraska, has a theme of "ensemble," inspiring leaders to elevate their team's performance. Strong women leaders know that they must practice what they preach and lead by example. What organizations need to do to make female leadership mainstream and not a talking point. 1. Want Your Company to Be Successful? Another explanation of gender differences in response to the pandemic is to be found in the leadership styles of men and women. Take the following piece of evidence: female CEOs are more likely to be sacked than their male counterparts. Young Global Leaders; Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship; Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution; New Champions . Leadership Training Programs for Women. Three different experiences of women in my current organization are prime examples of how women navigate each of these areas of the theory of the leadership labyrinth. The pattern is similar when it comes to being honest and ethical, standing up for what they believe in, working well under pressure, being persuasive, and . (2008) showed that female leaders had to show both communion and agency to be judged as effective, whereas male leaders had to show only agency. What organizations need to do to make female leadership mainstream and not a talking point. In a workplace still dominated by men, finding a woman whose persona can be a positive example is essential. They have attracted praise for effective messaging and decisive action, in . In a large survey study, we asked hundreds of respondents to estimate what percentage of individuals in their workplace were women. For example, 71% of women say that women in political leadership are more compassionate and empathetic than men, while 50% of men say this is the case. The three most populous Muslim-majority countries have had women as leaders including Indonesia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. For women entering the workforce, Attuy recommended leading by example while being open, supportive and collaborative. The case of Brazil Brazil, the world's fourth largest economy and fifth most populous country, provides a clear example of cultural change and economic growth. This ranking is based on an algorithm that combines various factors . 1.10 Social Democratic and Labour Party. 1. The list includes many familiar and great female leaders such as Hillary Clinton, Queen Victoria, Mother Teresa, Margaret Thatcher, Angela Merkel.The women leaders featured in this list are from United States, United Kingdom, Canada & Australia and many more countries. TOOLKIT. Women hold only 7% of the world's government leadership roles, but several women leaders are drawing praise for their skillful navigation of the coronavirus pandemic. Alicia Garza, Patricia Cullors, and Opal Tometi, the three female co-founders of Black Lives Matter hold the No. The pattern is similar when it comes to being honest and ethical, standing up for what they believe in, working well under pressure, being persuasive, and . 2 United Kingdom, 44% of doctors are women, but only 23% of medical . They seem to abhor 'command and control style' practiced by male leaders. Bessie Coleman (Jan. 26, 1892 - April 30, 1926) In 1922, aviator Bessie Coleman became the first African-American woman to stage a public flight in America. Want Your Company to Be Successful? Below, 25 formidable leaders from across various industries share their thoughts on power how to define, attain, wield, and share it. An individual's physical, emotional and psychological development takes shape first in his/her family. A supportive family is a great enabler for women leadership. Tracie White May 12, 2020. The Benefits of Gender-Inclusive Leadership. Answers ranged from 0-100%, with the average being about 45% (pretty close . 5 Female Change Makers. Women often times indirectly communicate their expectations of a given task and allow more space in accomplishing a goal. What organizations need to do to make female leadership mainstream and not a talking point. Notably, these men were all early champions of female leaders. Photos courtesy of the individual members 1. Studies suggest that men are likely to lead in a . Leadership Lessons for Men. Visit Instagram For example, while 80% of Democratic women say that female leaders in politics are better at being compassionate and empathetic, only 56% of Republican women agree with this assessment. The day will examine ways to enhance teamwork, networked connectivity, maximized strategy and cross-disciplinary collaboration. 1.6 Liberal Democrats. findings from a large-scale meta-analysis conducted by Eagly, Makhijani, & Klonsky (1992) the evaluation of male and female leaders found that when women led in a . I aimed to increase the current body of research around leadership and the . Here are some critical leadership lessons that most men can learn from the average woman. August 5th, 2020 1.
This bias toward female leadership averts the promotion of women leadership positions (DeFrank-Cole et al., 2014). This may involve setting up meetings with their supervisors to discuss their careers. These women are motivating others around them, breaking the glass ceiling and paving their own pathsall while lifting up others around them and setting the example for the next generation of. Here are five multicultural women leaders you should know about. With all that being said, our research has found that highly successful women leaders often approach their careers and their lives by embracing these 4 keys to success: agency, authenticity, connection, and wholeness. To walk that fine line to leadership, the authors suggest that women blend the characteristic male qualities, such as decisiveness and toughness, with the female qualities of warmth and inclusiveness. It is important that a leader possesses the . Perseverance. 3. Women leaders shine during COVID-19 pandemic. Well, most likely it has to do with societal norms, gender expectations, and the language we use to talk about women leaders in fashion. Methodology. Overcoming barriers to women in leadership calls for effective communication about career advancement. 2.1 Green Party in Northern Ireland. . "Women leaders need persistence, perseverance and the ability to not take "no" for an answer," says Gault. 6. A new trend report from Deloitte shows that business travel is increasing, but it's not yet close to reaching pre-pandemic levels. During the interviews, the women leaders discussed other ways they build a feeling of self-worth in co-workers and subordinates.
(2) Mousa, Mariam, et al., 'Advancing women in healthcare leadership: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of multi-sector evidence on organisational interventions . 1.9 Sinn Fin. As Crystal reminds us, when we've done the work of understanding who God created us to be and how much we're loved, we grow in our capacity to unconditionally love, serve others, build community over competition . Indra Nooyi Indra Nooyi is currently serving as the Chairperson and CEO of PepsiCo, which is one of the world's largest food and beverage companies based in the US. According to a 2018 report by the Pew Research Center, the majority of Americans said that they would like to see more women in leadership positions in both politics and the corporate world. An individual is what a family creates him/her. Transformational Leadership focuses on inspiration and motivation as key components. Sabina Gault, founder of Konnect PR, understands that it's how you push through those challenges that make you a leader. What organizations need to do to make female leadership mainstream and not a talking point. Is Key . Jane Eyre, Jane Eyre One of the earliest representations of an individualistic, passionate and complex female character, Jane Eyre knocks our socks off. Subtle exposures to highly successful female leaders improved women's performance and self-evaluations in stressful leadership tasks. Whale Rider is the story of a female that constantly tries to be the leader of the tribe even though she is a female . She had entered politics the previous . Kamala Harris, Vice-President of the United States By Sarada Peri 12 December 2020 Ethan James Green / Trunk Archive Meet the nonprofit leaders featured in our special issue. This entire film is example of discrimination between male and female. Staying ahead of the curve and keeping abreast with the latest trends can help companies . 1.7 Plaid Cymru. Susan Wojcicki took the helm of YouTube in 2014 but long before her rise as the video-sharing platform's CEO, she was already an entrepreneur paving her way as one of today's highest performing female CEOs.
10 Successful Women Leaders Share What They Do to Create A Fantastic Work Culture "Know yourself and your values, stick with them even if they are difficult," describes one leader. Because warm women are better liked, female leaders gain from displaying an amalgam of agentic and communal qualities. In Germany, New Zealand and Taiwan -- among other countries -- women are being held up as role models on . There are stereotypes and misconceptions that, if left unchecked and unaddressed, prevent women from gaining leadership positions, or can affect the way followers perceive a woman as a leader. "Women leaders need persistence, perseverance and the ability to not take "no" for an answer," says Gault. As a leader, you are going to come across challenges, and sometimes things won't go according to plan. "Trustworthiness. Leading by example. About Us. Our Mission . Women have challenged societal injustice with the tools availablewords and prophetic actionsthe widow to the judge, the Syrophoenician woman Jesus engages, the suffragettes, and women's rights workers over centuries. | <urn:uuid:8f9dc04d-ec6f-4974-a405-64fd81272d3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://stradanove.net/bergen/spotify/82291377d7031e0b12c1fab741ecb-female-leaders-examples | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960766 | 4,592 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Odd Tale of a Stolen Laptop Recovered by Victim’s Twitter Posse
Writer Sean Power was the victim of laptop thievery in Brooklyn; a type of gankery that rattles many of us to our very core. Luckily for him, he was using open source anti-theft program Prey and was able to track — and eventually retrieve — his stolen electronic lifeblood with the help of a posse of his Twitter followers who happened to be in the area of the tracked stolen laptop.
The story is actually quite interesting, and is even accompanied by a log of tweets documenting the tracking and recovery process, but some feel the story may actually be a hoax — a secret marketing ploy for the security software.
The above tweet began the tale of Sean Power’s supposedly stolen laptop. Using the aforementioned anti-theft software Prey, he was able to tack his stolen laptop to a bar in Brooklyn called Oficina Latina. Prey snapped pictures of the person using the stolen laptop, as well as gathered some of said person’s browsing habits and IP address.
Power also saw the user loading up Skype. He called the police, but was informed that the police couldn’t do anything because he had not filed a report. From that point on, a miniature mob of Power’s Twitter followers formed and took matters into their own hands, which led to one of his friends showing up at the bar to monitor the situation.
Power, along with his Twitter posse, dug up information on the man who is using the stolen laptop, and it turns out the guy is a co-owner of the bar. Various people offer to assemble and head to the bar to confront the co-owner on behalf of Power, who is unable to do so because he was in Canada at the time. Before two of Power’s posse arrives — Twitter follower Nick Reese and the girl mentioned in the above tweet, who Power refers to as “sarong,” because she is wearing a purple sarong — the person using the stolen laptop logs into Gmail, as well as his own Chase Online account, obviously unaware he is being monitored. At this point, it’s important to note that there is a good chance the person using the stolen laptop isn’t the actual thief, but bought the laptop from the thief, whether or not he was aware it was stolen.
Power decides to call the person using his laptop, but his Twitter followers prevent him from doing so, because if the person is actually the thief, there’s a good chance he’ll trash the laptop and Power most likely won’t be able to get it back. At this point in the tale, various tweets emerge wondering whether or not this whole story is simply a marketing stunt for Prey, though Power claims this is all real.
Eventually, Nick Reese and sarong girl were able to retrieve the laptop from the person using it, who supposedly gave it up without a fight, lending a bit of credence to the fact that maybe he wasn’t the thief after all and just stumbled into buying stolen goods.
Tony Ortega over at the Village Voice is highly skeptical of the above story, and felt as the story went on, it seemed to be more of a marketing stunt for Prey. Ortega points out that the bar is “located in perhaps the most Twitter-heavy part of the most Twitter-heavy city in America,” and it seemed highly unlikely that there wouldn’t be dozens of people at the scene tweeting about it.
Whether or not the story is true, it’s definitely interesting: Either the story is a fairly amazing tale of the power of anti-theft software and social media teaming up to take down a potential thief, or it’s the story of a highly-effective and entertaining marketing campaign. If you want to experience the ride and decide for yourself, you can follow the whole Twitter log here and check out Nick Reese’s take on the story here.
Have a tip we should know? [email protected] | <urn:uuid:6a114643-72a4-426c-a087-0200c88eda3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themarysue.com/stolen-laptop-recovered-twitter-posse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967999 | 852 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Voters in six states soon will face a ballot initiative that for some seems like a no-brainer — whether to grant crime victims certain rights under the state constitution, such as the right to be treated with fairness, the right to confer with the prosecution and the right to attend key court proceedings.
But even as a billionaire-backed campaign spreads across the country, some lawyers and civil rights experts say the push to give crime victims rights equal to those of criminal defendants could set up a clash over core aspects of the legal system, such as the accused person’s right to due process and the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.
Since 2008, voters have approved “Marsy’s Law” amendments in California, Illinois, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Montana (Montana’s amendment later was struck down on procedural grounds). This year, voters in Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Nevada, North Carolina and Oklahoma will consider versions of it.
Proposals in the Iowa Legislature earlier this year drew bipartisan support at the committee level, but did not get called up for a floor vote.
Some lawmakers noted that many of the provisions already are in state law and others questioned whether the amendment would add substantial costs to an already financially strained judicial system.
The proposed amendment received support from Gov. Kim Reynolds, who joined a campaign to press for it. State Rep. Ashley Hinson, R-Marion, ran the bill in the Iowa House.
Read the full story at The Gazette | <urn:uuid:fa42f282-60b4-40da-b8ab-17a0803831db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://angellawsd.com/2018/10/17/marsys-law-iowa-lawmakers-will-be-pressed-again-next-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955803 | 310 | 1.992188 | 2 |
This morning’s devotion is an excerpt from a Bible Study. You can view this current study in its entirety by visiting Bible Study link from this website.
What Do We Do with a Gift Like Christmas? (Matthew 2:10-11; Luke 2)
The night heaven visited the earth, it wasn’t Santa Claus who came to town, it was Jesus Christ. Jesus came 2,000 years ago and the world has never been the same. Don’t make the mistake of enjoying the wrapping of Christmas—activities, time with family, gift exchanges, traditions—without enjoying what is behind the wrapping—the gift. Quite simply, Jesus is the gift of Christmas. Emmanuel—God with us! But if Christmas is a gift, how do we celebrate the gift, not just enjoy the wrapping?
What do we do with a gift like Christmas?
1. Receive the Gift
Romans 6:23 tells us that “the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.”
A gift, however, must be received. If you haven’t made the choice to receive Christ, I’d encourage you to discover how you can.
2. Relish the Gift
Salvation is just the beginning. But sometimes Christians—including we who are in ministry—become so consumed with the functioning aspects of the Christian life or ministry that we fail to personally revel in who Jesus is to us. Hebrews 4:15 encourages, “For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.” Make sure you take time this Christmas to get to know Him more. Delight to be in His presence.
3. Reverence the Gift
The wise men displayed their wisdom in several respects, but not the least of these was that they worshipped Jesus: “And when they were come into the house, they saw the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh” (Matthew 2:11).” It’s easy to get so caught up in the rush of Christmas that we miss the wonder of worship. Don’t make the mistake of enjoying the wrapping of Christmas—activities, time with family, gift exchanges, traditions—without enjoying what is behind the wrapping—the gift. Jesus is the gift of Christmas.
Questions to Consider:
Points to Ponder:
· It's easy to get distracted with the decorations, the baking, the shopping, and the parties. But at the end of the day, what matters is if we make room in the Inn (our hearts) for Jesus.
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Dr. Blackman is passionate about helping others grow in the grace of the Lord. His devotions are centered on how to grow closer to the Lord through a personal relationship. | <urn:uuid:009f9370-7840-4ddc-8b42-ad08d8d5813e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fellowshipbaptistcarrabelle.com/daily-devotions/what-do-we-do-with-a-gift-like-christmas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951162 | 679 | 1.703125 | 2 |
It is announced by Australian Government to pledge 41.2 Million Australian dollars in the form of financial assistance and scholarships for international education. According to international Education Minister David Templeman “international education is an important economic sector for Australia and Government of McGowan is committed to support this sector by making connections with international partners.
The key part of this initiative are
1. Premier’s University scholarships programs
Premier’s university scholarships worth a total of 2 million Australian dollar for four years, and will provide funding for 10, with a value of 50,000 AUS dollars per year to attract most of the international students to Australian universities.
2. Premiers WA Certificate Of Education Bursary
Further 4 million AUS dollar will be awarded to implement the premier’s WA certificate of education bursary that will support 20,000 AUS dollars annually to 50 students graduated from WA’s international partner schools.
Educational agents who help in enrolment of international students in WA universities will be supported through a 10 million AUS$ incentive package. This will also enhance the awareness of WA’s international education sector through the agent.
Other Initiatives To Be Funded Include
Funding of 1 million AUS$ for offshore stakeholders to visit and experience WA
6.8 million AUS$ for international student’s accommodation to attract international students to Western Australia (WA)
400,000 AUS$ for creation of school support
3 million AUS$ funding for WA technical and vocational education and training to support the development
Funding of 4.5 million AUS$ to boost study values that will ensure international students are welcomed and supported while study in WA
1.5 million AUS$ funds for international education marketing campaign
8 million AUS$ fixed for implementation of new initiatives | <urn:uuid:7d44a520-e44b-4e67-8ef2-59e9282b1f9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.studyabroad.pk/news-event/australian-government-announces-41million-package-to-boost-international-education-18345 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.908018 | 386 | 1.5 | 2 |
Obtaining Full Access to Curricula
To access the full college and high school curricula for Computer Security Literacy, please go to the Teacher/Educator Materials page and then log in. If you have not yet requested access, fill out the information below the login to request access. After requesting access and upon being approved, you will receive an email from WordPress with your username and password. We ask you to request access so we can maintain the integrity of the high school curriculum materials – we only want authorized users to have access to assessments and answer keys.
College Level Curriculum Materials
At Iowa State University we developed a course entitled “Introduction to Computer Security Literacy.” The specific purpose of this 8-week, 16-lecture course is to provide both students from technical and non-technical majors with the opportunity to formally learn about the many components of practical computer security knowledge. The prime goal of practical computer security literacy is to provide students with security context for many of the activities they encounter throughout their everyday use of computers and the Internet.
ISU Course Catalog Description
CprE 131 – Introduction to Computer Security Literacy. 1 credit. Basic concepts of practical computer and Internet security: passwords, email and attachments, social networking, web browsers, e-commerce, phishing, wireless networks, and cyber ethics. This class is intended for students with little or no background in information technology. Basic knowledge of word processing required. Satisfactory-fail only.
Iowa State uses the video materials in a “flipped” course environment. The students watch the assigned instructional videos, read the assigned chapters in the required book “Computer Security Literacy: Staying Safe in a Digital Word”, complete an online quiz prior to the class, and then come to lecture where the instructor (a faculty member in the Computer Engineering department) conducts demonstrations or provides real world examples of the security literacy concepts covered in the weekly video assignments.
The hour of class time is discussion based and focuses on the topic from the videos. The class starts with an attendance quiz that is designed to get discussion started for the day. Students work on the attendance quiz in small groups first and then it is discussed as a class. The remainder of the class time is a facilitated discussion.
At the end of the week, students must write a one to two paragraph essay answering an open-ended question that makes them apply the concepts covered that week.
Below are samples of the syllabus and weekly outlines used in the 8 week course. These files may be modified for your use in your course. There are links to the instructional videos used in the course. These can also be downloaded as MP4 and WMV formats from the Teacher / Educator Materials page. Attendance quizzes, summative assessment quizzes, and writing assignments are available as well.
Sample syllabus (word format): Syllabus Template
Weekly outlines (zip file containing word docs): Class Outlines
Other Materials: Attendance quizzes, downloadable instructional videos, summative assessment quizzes, and writing assignments to access these materials, please click this link and then log in.
High School Level Curriculum Materials
Students will relate the information they learn to real world situations through class-based discussions, case studies, and classroom assignments.
The goals of this course are that students will:
- define computer security terms and mechanisms.
- describe fundamental security concepts.
- state computer security best practices.
- describe the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of security mechanisms and concepts.
- give examples of common security threats, threat sources, and threat motivations.
- explain their role in protecting their own physical and non-physical computing assets.
- discuss current events topics and read security articles in the popular press.
- assess computing actions in the context of security.
The curriculum has been broken down into several units and each unit includes pre-assessments, warm up problems, reading worksheets, classroom discussion guides, writing assignments, and chapter quizzes. Lessons come with differentiation and alternative instruction suggestions to help with strategies on how teachers can reach all learners.
In addition to these materials, a lab component is also being developed. The lab is designed to give students hands-on experience applying the concepts learned in the unit. The labs are designed as a series of exercises allowing students to not only experience security vulnerabilities, but also learn how to appropriately respond to them without compromising their computer or their personal information. | <urn:uuid:482b7d4c-83e1-46c0-96fa-9e90168762fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://store.security-literacy.org/full-curricula/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.922557 | 927 | 2.90625 | 3 |
December 8, 2017 – The VA has issued VHA Policy Directive 2017-1315 stating, “Veterans must not be denied VHA services solely because they are participating in State-approved marijuana programs.” The directive, signed by Executive in Charge Carolyn M. Clancy, M.D., replaces VHA Directive 2011-004 which had the same language. The new directive is scheduled for recertification on or before the last working day of December 2022.
Like the old directive, the current one does not allow VA doctors to recommend medical cannabis, or for VA pharmacies to supply it. Unlike the old one, it specifically allows doctors to discuss a patient’s cannabis use, and requires that discussion to be documented. The purpose of the new policy is “to support the Veteran-provider relationship when discussing the use of marijuana and its impact on health including Veteran-specific treatment plans.”
The current directive specifically states that the VISN Director is responsible for assuring that this policy is disseminated and implemented at all facilities in the VISN, and that the VA Medical Facility Director is responsible for educating VA facility staff about the policy.
It also states, “Possession of marijuana, even for authorized medical reasons, by Veterans
while on VA property is in violation of 38 CFR 1.218(a)(7) and places them at risk for
prosecution under the Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C 801 et. al.”
A survey conducted by the American Legion in October 2017 revealed that 92% of veterans support research into medical cannabis and 83% of veteran households support legalizing medical cannabis. The survey also indicated that 22% of veterans are currently using cannabis to treat a medical condition with the the most prevalent conditions being chronic pain and PTSD. Veterans are twice as likely to succumb to accidental opioid overdose than non-veterans.
March 10, 2015 – In response to months of effort from California NORML, Veterans for Medical Cannabis Access, affiliated groups and Congressional offices, Cal NORML has been informed that VISN-22 policy has been revised to allow the use of medical marijuana with opioid prescriptions at all VA facilities in the Southern California region.
The new policy states:
If the UDS detects marijuana, and the patient participates in a State medical marijuana program, the provider and patient will discuss the various options and information available, including the safety risk associated with concurrent use. The patient and provider will then make a shared decision as to what direction the non-malignant pain will be managed.
Providers concurring in providing opioids in patients participating in a State medical marijuana program, must follow procedures that include a signed “Medical Marijuana Patient Use Agreement” and a “Concomitant Use of Opioids/Medical Marijuana Note”, documenting that any contraindications have been addressed and validating patient is enrolled in a State medical marijuana program.
Patients may appeal a provider decision not to provide opioid in a patient participating in a State medical marijuana program, by following the procedure outlined in “Network-Wide Policy for Clinical Appeals”; 2002-7.
The chief of staff at each VHA is responsible for implementation and monitoring of compliance with the policy.
Cal NORML began receiving phone calls last fall from veterans impacted by a policy directive issued by former VISN-22 acting chief Jeffrey Gering stating that any patient using medical marijuana would be tapered off their pain medications. Callers included a paratrooper injured in a training exercise who was denied his pain meds at Loma Linda hospital on Christmas eve, and a 70-year-old former pilot injured in a forced landing while in service.
Since the policy was in direct conflict with national VA policy allowing doctors to determine the best course of treatment in medical marijuana states, Michael Krawitz of VCMA put the national ethics committee of the VA in touch with Gering’s office, reportedly gaining assurance that the policy would be changed just before Thanksgiving. However no change took place and Cal NORML deputy director Ellen Komp spent much of the month of January in the Southern California area visiting VA hospitals with veterans and reaching out to activist groups and Congressional offices. San Diego activists (pictured) helped bring about opposition from the Veterans Democratic Club of San Diego County.
“I hope and expect that this policy change will mean better care for veterans in the Southern California region who choose to use medical marijuana to augment their pain management regimen,” said Komp. She thanked all who worked towards making this policy change, in particular David Zink of Long Beach VA Patient Experience Council, and Michael Krawitz of VCMA. In addition Marcus Boyd of San Diego ASA, himself a veteran, mounted a Change.org petition that gathered over 20,000 signatures in support of a policy change.
Already NORML has received word that one veteran’s doctors have told him he will be denied despite the change in policy. The new policy contains a means by which veterans can appeal any denial of medication. Other services, such as PTSD psychotherapy programs and anxiety medications, have also been denied due to medical marijuana use. This is highly ironic since to many, cannabis is helpful with PTSD and anxiety.
Cal NORML urges all to write their Congressional representatives in support of the Veterans Equal Access Act, which would allow VA doctors to recommend medical marijuana to their patients. | <urn:uuid:7d866d4a-cbd5-4631-8318-b37d610c3786> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canorml.org/southern-california-regional-va-policy-revised-to-allow-for-medical-marijuana-use-with-opioids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957792 | 1,103 | 1.507813 | 2 |
With covid-19 not giving up, employment lawyers across the country, including our Long Island employment lawyers at Famighetti & Weinick PLLC, are facing questions about how the new pandemic will affect essential workers and non-essential workers who go back to work as the country adjusts to “the new normal” and the economy reopens.
In one of our previous posts, we opined that workers with generalized fear or anxiety about workplace covid-19 exposures likely were not protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”). That blog assumed that only vulnerable workers, or workers with underlying medical conditions worried about contracting coronavirus, were protected under the ADA.
A recent federal court decision, however, suggests that even workers with generalized fear or anxiety about workplace covid-19 exposures may be protected under the ADA. Even though the decision was issued by a Texas district court concerning voters, the analysis may be used to extend the disability discrimination laws’ coverage for workers who lack immunity to covid-19.
As stated in the previous post, to qualify for protections under the ADA, an employee must have an underlying medical condition to legally constitute a “disability” under discrimination laws. The ADA requires that the employer provide reasonable accommodations for such employees’ medical conditions.
United States District Judge Fred Biery, last week, held that during the pendency of pandemic circumstances, lack of immunity from covid-19 and the subsequent fear of contracting the virus is a physical condition that constitutes a “disability” under the Texas Election Code. The Code defines “disability” as a “physical condition that prevents the voter from appearing at the polling place on election day without a likelihood … of injuring the voter’s health.” “Disability” is also defined as “a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movement, senses, or activities.” In the Texas case, the judge held that the fear and anxiety currently gripping our country has clearly limited citizens’ physical movements, affected their mental senses, and constricted activities, socially and economically.
In comparison, the ADA defines “disability” as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity. Just as the fear of contracting the virus in people lacking the immunity from covid-19 has clearly limited citizen’s physical movements in attending the polling places, the same fear has clearly limited the citizen’s physical movements in attending their work places.
It remains unclear whether other states, including New York, will follow the Texas ruling on the issue or whether the ruling will be extended to workplace protection laws. A reasonable interpretation of the Texas ruling, however, is that workers with generalized fear or anxiety about workplace covid-19 exposures likely will be able to request reasonable accommodations from their employers should the workers allege a disability because of lack of immunity from contracting covid-19. In such a case, it would be likely reasonable for the employer to be required to provide masks, gowns, and face shields to workers with fear of contracting the virus.
However, as stated in the previous post, the duty to request an accommodation will still be on the employee. In other words, the employee will have to make clear to the employer that he or she needs a change of working conditions to accommodate the medical condition, but the employer will not be required to guess, assume, or make their own independent assessments about whether the employee needs a reasonable accommodation.
In addition, the employer will only need to provide accommodations which are reasonable and which do not pose an undue hardship on the employer. Reasonable accommodations may include erecting barriers, reassigning portions of an employee’s work duties, modifying work schedules, and/or moving work locations. Furthermore, the employer will not be required to completely eliminate the threat of spread of covid-19 for the “disabled” worker, but will likely need to only reduce the threat to “an acceptable level” and mitigate the risk of exposure instead.
In sum, the Texas ruling opens the door to an argument that lack of immunity to coronavirus may constitute a disability under employment discrimination statutes. If such an extension of the law is adopted by the courts, workers who lack immunity to covid-19 may have grounds to request reasonable accommodations to protect their safety. Moreover, workers with lack of immunity who push back on an employer’s demand that the worker return to work, and who are subsequently terminated, may have grounds for a wrongful termination.
We stress that the theory that lack of immunity to covid-19 constitutes a disability under workplace discrimination laws is as novel as the conoranvirus and has not been tested in court. Workers concerned about returning to work should speak with experienced employment attorneys before making decisions about whether return to work, whether and how to request accommodations, and being terminated for refusing to return to work may be a wrongful termination.
Our Long Island employment lawyers remain available to discuss these and other covid-19 related employment questions at 631-352-0050.
Today’s Long Island employment law blog was written by law student intern Ashkhen Oganesyan. | <urn:uuid:d8a44bf2-6f5f-406f-91bd-894d2aafa641> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.linycemploymentlaw.com/blog/lack-of-immunity-to-covid-19-may-be-a-disability-under-the-ada/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961283 | 1,075 | 1.953125 | 2 |
The DMZ or demilitarized zone of Korea is what partitions the country in half. It is located around the 38th parallel where a stalemate between the North and South took place and later an armistice was signed in 1953. The conflict was known as the Korean War. It started in 1950 when the communist North Koreans backed by the Soviets invaded the South. Under the Truman Doctrine, America fought on the side of the anticommunist South Koreans. During the early period of the 3 year war, victory seemed to be in the favor of the anticommunists but this soon changed when China intervened and drove them back. Although General MacArthur wished to use drastic measures to change the tide of the war, President Truman did not want to escalate the conflict any further. MacArthur was removed from his position after making critical remarks of the President.
If the United States did not intervene in the war, then North Korea today would probably be a much bigger threat to the world’s security. However, if the North never invaded the South then Korea would probably be the same with less animosity between the North and South. Military training is required for all South Korean males today, but without a belligerent North Korea this would not be the case. In American society the Vietnam war always eclipses the horrors of the Korean War, so even if there was no Korean war, things would probably be the same more or less. The biggest change would probably be General MacArthur keeping his job. He was quite influential in the East especially Japan, so if he continued to supervise Japan’s reconstruction things might have been different for my parents who were born only years after the Korean War. | <urn:uuid:e972a787-0a4c-4b08-a401-1985f1312159> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/his1005fall2010/2010/11/09/korean-war/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.979139 | 339 | 3.75 | 4 |
CANBERRA/BEIJING: Not many foreigners living in China have realized what an important and ubiquitous role members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) play in their daily lives. Party members do not wave flags nor shout slogans through megaphones, mostly they are ordinary people performing commonplace services in their communities.
For American teacher Elena Portillo, her local friendly CPC member is the smiling old woman who knocked on her door during COVID-19 lockdown to ask if she had everything she needed. To South African boxing coach Eduardo Santander, it is the middle-aged public servant he coaches on Wednesday evenings. For overseas students Merna Al Nasser and Hernandez Robaina Daylin, the CPC members could be security guards, taxi drivers, delivery workers or a faculty dean. You are almost as likely to find a CPC member mopping the office floor as sitting at the CEO’s desk.
American singer Mark Levine expressed his thoughts about the CPC in a song he composed and posted on his WeChat account for the 100th anniversary of the party: “Through a century of growth, the Party’s always led, fighting with and for the people, under the flag that’s red.”
Levine, 73, teaches at Minzu University of China in Beijing. He was among the 70,000 people who gathered in Tiananmen Square on July 1 to witness the centenary of the CPC. He has lived in China since 2005.
“If I look at what I have been able to see during my years in China, it is almost miraculous … They (the achievements) were made by the people of China, but they were made under the leadership and the teachings of the Communist Party,” he told Xinhua.
Before coming to China, Levine volunteered in low-income communities in the United States for nearly 30 years. When he was a child, he was told his country was “the best in the world,” but the poverty he saw with his own eyes made him think otherwise.
“I studied a lot of the history of workers both in the United States and in other countries, in an effort to bring about change to benefit them,” he recalled. His studies led him to China, and thereafter to the name of Zhou Enlai, first premier of the People’s Republic of China, perhaps the first CPC member Levine knew as such.
In the 2000s, the Beijing Olympics boosted the demand for English teachers in China. Levine found a teaching job in Zhou’s hometown, Huai’an in eastern China’s Jiangsu Province, before moving to Beijing two years later. Levine said he saw “even more” development in China than what he had expected.
“Great progress had been made in education and medical care,” he said. “We can see the tremendous accomplishment in the fight against COVID-19.”
He then got to know some CPC members better. “They are supportive,” he said. “People join the party because they realize it is not a privilege, it is a responsibility.” Eduardo Santander was working in his gym in Shijiazhuang, capital of northern China’s Hebei Province while Levine was at the ceremony. The 50-year-old coach has lived in China for 10 years and didn’t think much about politics. One of his clients changed that. – Agencies | <urn:uuid:02ad0512-a08a-40ed-beba-9f36904022af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailymailnews.pk/cpc-members-in-the-eyes-of-foreigners-in-china/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.985168 | 724 | 1.796875 | 2 |
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