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Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life
When Hazrat Khwaja Muinuddin was born (536 AH) at Chisht in Sistan, which is also known as Sajistan, East Persia. The peace of the Muslim world was horribly disturbed. Sistan and its surrounding lands were experiencing unprecedented bloodshed and plunder at the hands of barbarous Tartars and other rebels. These intruders had taken advantage of the weak government of Sultan Sanjar. The life and honour of the people were in constant danger. The wild Tartars had completely destroyed the follower of the Muslim nation. They outraged humanity practically in all the centers of the 600-year old Muslim civilisation and culture.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Migration To Neshapur
Due to these intermittent political disturbances in sistan, khawaja Ghiyasuddin Hasan, father of khawaja Muinuddin, one day decided to pack up and leave Sistan for a safer place. He migrated with his family to Neshapur the Capital city, which was one of the most flourishing cities in those days. It was a great centre of intellectual and economic activities and possessed the famous “Nizamia” university with a precious library that contained rare collection of Original literature. There lived learned Ulama and reputed Sufis who imparted knowledge in moral and spiritual enlightenment to scholars drawn from far and near. There lived physicians and artists of rare qualifications. There were rich gardens and canals with flourishing agricultural fields. One of the suburbs was called Rewand which was famous for its grape orchards. It is recorded that khawaja Ghiyasuddin Hasan bought an orchard with a windmill in this vicinity to settle down for a peaceful life.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > No Peace Of Mind
“Man proposes but God disposes” is an old saying. The peace in search of which Khawaja Ghiyasuddin Hasan had migrated to Neshapur was not to be had even in this great city. Here too the people were hanging in a terrible suspense between life and death. The brave Sultan Sanjar had been fighting the Tartars at the border to check them for a long time without success. Due to his prolonged absence from the capital, his administrative machinery was showing signs of disintegration. Internally, the Fidayees of the ‘Qarmti’ and ‘Baatini’ sects (one of whose members had already murdered the able Wazeer Nizamul Mulk) had also come out of their hideouts and were roaming about the country unabated, spreading wild fire of rebellion all round. These armed hordes were busy in wholesale plunder and massacre of the innocent people.
These awe-inspiring events had a very deep impression on the mind of the young Khawaja Muinuddin who was watching the whole barbarous drama objectively at his impressionable young age.
The ‘Qarmti’ and Baatani’ intriguers had carried centuries old grudge against the Hanafi Muslims who held both temporal and spiritual powers in succession for more than 500 years after the death of the Holy Prophet (May peace of God be on him). Although it was an age-old grudge but. As Islamic history shows they utterly failed in all their designs to destroy their rivals. Islam has survived many vicissitudes of history and Quran has promised its survival up to the last Day-of-Judgment.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Defeat Of Sultan
In spite of all his best efforts to turn out the invaders from his country and to control the internal rebels, Sultan Sanjar unfortunately could not succeed. He was engulfed in mutual wars between himself and his unfaithful brothers on the one hand, and the Fidayees and barbarous Tartars on the other. It was indeed a terrible situation for him, yet they fought the forces of evil to the bitter end though he was ultimately defeated and had to run for his life.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > General Massacre
After the defeat of Sultan Sanjar, the invaders had a free hand to plunder every town in Khorasan. Flourishing fields were destroyed, cities were razed to the ground, inhabitants, Ulama and Sufis were mercilessly murdered honour of the woman was brutally outraged, girls and boys were taken as salves mosques, hospitals and the historic educational institutions were destroyed.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Destruction Of Neshapur
When the news of this terrible destruction reached the defeated sultan, he once more summed up his courage and collected his shattered army to save his country. But Sultan Sanjar was born under most unlucky stars and his luck once more betrayed him. He failed to check the invaders and this time he was arrested. When this bad news reached Neshapur, the capital was plunged into indescribable grief. It was now at the mercy of the enemy. The invaders entered Khorasan and destroyed the cities of Tus and Mashhed, reaching Neshapur like a sweeping storm. Everything was destroyed leaving this once flourishing city of Islamic culture and learning into a heap of rubble and ruin.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Death Of Khawaja’s Parents
Khawaja Muinuddin again saw all this ghastly drama at his early age. But this was not all for him. Just at this time he lost his dear father (551 AD) and the worst part of it was that he had already lost his dear mother too. The young orphan was now left all alone to take care of himself in a world full of hate, murder and greed. Although by virtue of legacy he had enough material resources to sustain himself in his traditional standard of life but the sack of Neshapur coupled with the death of his dear parents plunged him into deep thinking. At times he was over whelmed with grief and saw a very vague picture of this terrible world though he bore it out with courage and exemplary forbearance. He was a hard working youth and looked after his orchard, personally trimming and watering the plants with his own hands.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Yet Another Shock
Hardly a year had passed after the death of Khawaja Muinuddin’s father, when the mischievous Tartars once more ransacked Khorasan and repeated the same bloody drama of murder arson and loot. This time Sultan Mahmood, one of the brothers of Sultan Sanjar, came forward to check the invaders but he too failed to rout them. Neshapur was again the scene of the same ghastly tragedies. And once more Khawaja Muinuddin was overwhelmingly dismayed to see these scenes of terrible devastation. He often plunged himself into deeper thoughts about these ugly events in order to try to come to some definite conclusion about his own future course of life. The thought of helping the helpless humanity against all such persistent pillage always tormented his tender heart. Yet they could not come to any definite conclusion.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Destined For A Sacred Mission
As helpless human beings, we can never understand the will of the Almighty God. Should we surmise that by exhibiting these tragedies perhaps God Almighty meant to show Khawaja Muinuddin the sins of this wretched world in order to prepare him for a mighty divine mission of reform and peace for the mankind? As it will be seen later on that Heavenly Father did mean this for which He enlightened the mind of the young Khawaja quite unexpectedly. Whenever injustice, oppression and greed reigned supreme in this world, God has always been merciful to mankind by sending His saviours to fight the satanic forces and put the people on the path of righteousness and mutual love.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Khawaja Sahib’s Genealogy And Childhood
Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin Chishty was one of the descendants of the illustrious family of Hazrat Ali, the son-in-law and cousin of the Holy Prophet Mohammed (May peace of God be on him). His father Syed Ghiyasuddin Hasan was a very pious personality and a well to do and influential gentleman. His mother, Syeda Bibi Ummul-wara alias Babi Mah-e-Noor was the daughter of Syed Daud. While Khawaja Muinuddin’s paternal genealogy is traced from Hazrat Imam Husain, the younger son of Hazrat Ali Karam Allah Wajahu, his maternal genealogy is traced from Hazrat Imam Hasan, the elder son of Hazrat Ali.
According to historians, Khwaja Muinuddin Chishty even during his childhood gave early promise of his rare piety and sacrifice for others. Whenever any woman with a baby came to see his mother and if the baby cried for feeding,”the infant saint of the future” used to make a sign to his mother to feed the crying baby from her own breast. When his mother did this, the spectacle pleased the little Muinuddin very much. At the age of 3 or 4 he used to share his own food with his playmates.
Once he was going to Idgah for the Id prayers in rich clothes. On the way he saw a blind boy in rags. He pitied the boy so much that he at once gave him some of his own clothes and led him to Idgah with all due affection.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Khawaja Sahib’s Genealogy
Khawaja Muinuddin Hasan Chishty, son of Khawaja Syed Ghyasuddin Hasan, son of Syed Ahmed Muddin Tahir, son of Syed Khawaja Abdul Aziz Husain, son of Syed Imam Mohammed Mehdi, son of Syed Imam Hasan Askari, son of Imam Ali Naqi, son of Syed Imam Mohammed Taqi, son of Imam Ali Musi Raza, son of Imam Musi Kazim Raza, son of Imam Mohammed Jafar Sadiq, son of Imam Mohammed Baqar, son of Hazrat Syed Imam Zain-ul-Abideen, son of Syed-ul-Shohoda Syed Imam Husain, son of Amir-ul-Momineen Hazrat Ali, son-in-law of the Holy Prophet Mohammed.
Syeda Bidi Mah-e-Noor, daughter of Syed Daud, son of Hazrat Abdulla, son of Syed Zahid, son of Syed Mooris, son of Syed Daud I, son of Syedna Moosa, son of Syedna Abdulla Mahaz, son of Syedna Hasan Musa, son of Syedna Hazrat Imam Hasan, son of Syedna Hazrat Ali Karam Allah Wajahu.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) > Renouncement And Initiation
Khawaja Muinuddin used to ponder for hours together over the ugly scenes of the ghastly massacre in Khorasan which he had been witnessing with great pain for several years ever since his younger days. With these tragic impressions his interest in worldly life and pleasures was diminishing fast. Inwardly he was very much worried and longed to be away from such a mad world if he could manage to see a way out.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) > Renouncement And Initiation > Renouncement
One day (in 556 AD), he came across a ‘Majzoob’ (a divine person constantly engrossed in communion with God) in the person of one Sheikh Ibrahim Qandozi who happened to come to his orchard. The young Khawaja Muinuddin was watering the plants at that time. Immediately he saw the dervish, he welcomed him enthusiastically and after kissing his hands reverently made him sit down under a shady tree. He then brought a bunch of fresh grapes and requested the holy man to eat it. The request was complied with. The divine seemed to admire the manners and this gesture of the young Khawaja’s hospitality and at once perceived, by his intuitive powers, that his host was inwardly worried and upset, had a spark of divine love in his heart and was an ardent seeker after Truth. Over whelmed by the pleasure of this understanding the dervish brought out a bit of ‘Khul’ (the substance left after the oil was extracted from the sesame seed or Til – some historians say it was a piece of bread) from his wallet and after chewing it put it in the mouth of Khawaja Muinuddin. No sooner had he eaten it, than the veil of all worldly imagination was lifted from his mind and he found himself in quite a strange world radiating with ‘divine manifestation.’ When Khawaja Muinuddin recovered from this extraordinary experience, he found that Sheikh Ibrahim Qandozi had gone.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) > Renouncement And Initiation>Not A Fable
This strange spiritual experience, which laid the foundation of Khawaja Muinuddin’s divine career, would look like a queer fable from the Arabian Nights to the present world engrossed in materialism. But it is neither a fable nor a dream because such miracles have happened with the spiritualists or Sufi dervishes or Rishis and Munis of the highest order in the East. And they do happen even today if one is lucky enough to come across any ‘real’ divine (who prefers to live in perpetual obscurity away from all worldly gaze to avoid interruption in his devotional career). Such miracles are amply supported by the old religious books or Scriptures of nearly all the leading and recognised religions of the world all of which are based on spiritualism. The people of this 20th century in which materialism overwhelmingly dominates spiritualism may ridicule and refuse to believe in such superhuman feats and may naturally demand some substantial logical or scientific proofs to support them. But such doubts can be easily dispelled by a minute study of their own respective religious Scriptures. The philosophies of Islamic Sufism and the ancient Yogic and Vedantic sciences of Hindu civilisation also help us to believe in such miracles unquestionably. In this hidden science of spiritual communion or oneness with God all logical arguments are deliberately rejected because logic and Sufism do not go hand-in-hand, which was the creed of Khawaja Muinuddin and numerous other great Sufis and saints of the East. It is neither taught in our modern Universities nor can it be analysed in our scientific laboratories. It is Knowledge from God that comes to His “beloved” devotees only.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) > Renouncement And Initiation>Departure for Bokhara
The immediate inspiration of the above-mentioned miraculous experience with Sheikh Ibrahim Qandozi was that Khawaja Muinuddin renounced the world. He lost no time in selling away his orchard and the windmill along with all his other worldly belongings and distributed every pie of the sale proceeds among the poor and the needy. He then cut off all his ties with his dear and near ones, bade them a last goodbye and left Neshapur for Bokhara, which was the seat of learning in those days in search of religious knowledge and moral education.
A handsome youth who had renounced the world in his early teens was seen walking all alone on the Neshapur-Bokhara highway amidst jungle and animal life, without a friend without a penny in his pocket and without any present or future hope of provision for his livelihood resolutely determined to seek Truth. The ever-growing discontentment of his earlier years in spite of all his rich traditions and material possessions had suddenly changed into a perfect contentment immediately after a divine vision received through the help of a great ‘Majzoob’. He seemed to be very happy with his apparently gloomy lot. At this stage, however he did not know that one day he would be one of the greatest holy saints and ‘Mujaheds’ of his day in the history of Islam who would turn the tables of the evil world, who would apply the balm of solace and salvation to the wounds of the afflicted humanity and who would cause downfall of the redeem the suffering of the oppressed? This youthful traveler in a friendless world was none but Khawaja Muinuddin playing in the hands of Destiny for a exceedingly grand mission and amazing career dedicated to the cause of peace and happiness of mankind.
This illustrious son of Islam and dutiful servant of the oppressed humanity, had decided to go to Bokhara for his education because the famous oriental universities of Baghdad and Neshapur had suffered damage due to the ravages of continuous wars and plunder but Bokhara had still some of the best educational institutions and the learned ‘Ulama’ of his time.
Nothing is recorded by historians about Khawaja Muinuddin’s primary education but considering his noble heritage; it is safe to presume that he must have received at least his early Quranic lessons at home. One historian reports that he had learned Quran by heart at the age of 7.
While in Bokhara, Khawaja Muinuddin received his education in all the oriental sciences and literature from many learned ‘Ulama’ of the day, prominent of whom was Maulana Hissamuddin Bokhari from whom he received his ‘jubba’ (cloak) and ‘Dastaar-e-Fazilat’ (turban of learning) the two highest academic diplomas or “robes of learning” of that time.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) > Renouncement And Initiation>At Samaqand
Having completed his education at Bokhara, Khawaja Muinuddin went to Samarqand which was also a great seat of learning in those days. There too he attended many leading institutions to perfect his knowledge in Theology, Philosophy and Grammar. The years of his education in Bokhara and Samarqand are reported to be between 1150 and 1160 AD or 552 AH.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) > Renouncement And Initiation>In Quest For A Spritual Preceptor
After equipping himself with all the best available education (moral and religious) which he could obtain, Khawaja Muinuddin now diverted his attention to the spiritual side of his training. He now needed a ‘spiritual preceptor’ and decided to leave Samarqand in quest of the country towards Baghdad. On this journey he came to the town of Harwan or Haroon where one of the greatest Sufi dervishes of his time Hazrat Khawaja Usman Harooni, lived. (Born 510 A.H. died 617 A.H. and buried at Mecca.) This great saint had a resounding fame which attracted scores of persons from far and near for their spiritual enlightenment and religious and moral training under him.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) > Renouncement And Initiation>At the feet of Murshid
One day Khawaja Muinuddin decided to present himself before this great saint. When he approached the saint, he kissed the ground with all due reverence and pleaded: “Sir, may I request you to enlist man as one of your humble and devoted ‘mureeds’ (disciples)’? Hazrat Khawaja Usman at once perceived by his intuitive powers that Muinuddin was the fittest candidate to join the circle of his disciples, and granted his request without hesitation.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) > Renouncement And Initiation>Initiation
Khawaja Muinuddin says, in his own words, about his spiritual initiation “I had the honour of appearing before Hazrat Usman when many other spiritual luminaries were also present. I bowed my head in solemn reverence. Hazur Usman asked me to offer 2 ‘rakaats’ of Namaaz (prayers). I did it. He then directed me to sit facing the Kaaba (Mecca). I did it. He told me to repeat Darud Sharif (praise and blessings for the holy prophet and his family) 21 times and to say ‘Subhan Allah’ (God be praised) 60 times. I did it. After that he stood up took my hand in his own and looked towards the heaven saying: “Let me present you to God”. After that he cut off my hair with a scissors and then put a special Tarki cap (Kolah Chahaar Tarki) on my head and asked me to sit down. He then asked me to repeat ‘Surah Ikhlas’ (a Quranic verse) one thousand times. I did it. He then said, “among our followers there is only one day and one night’s Mujaheda (probation) hence go and do it today” Accordingly I spent one day and one night in prayers and reappeared before him. He asked me to sit down and repeat ‘Surah Ikhlas’ again one thousand times. I did so. “Look towards the heaven”, he then asked me. When I raised my eyes towards the heaven he enquired “how far do you see?” I said, upto Arsh-e-Moalla (zenith). He then asked me “look below” . I said upto Tahtu-Sara (abyss). He then asked me to sit sown and repeat ‘Surah Ikhlas’ one thousand times and I did it. He then asked me ” Look towards the heaven “. When I did so, he enquired “how far do you see now? ” I said upto Hijaab-e-Azmat (dazzling glory of God). He then asked me “close your eyes”. I did so, and, after a moment, he told me “open your eyes.” I did so. Then he showed me his two fingers and enquired “what do you see through them?” I said, I see 18,000 Aalam (worlds). When he heard this, he said, “now your work is over”. Then he looked towards a brick lying nearby and asked me to pick it up. When I did so. I found some deenars’ (gold coins) under it. He asked me to go and distribute them among the poor and the needy which I did. I was then instructed to remain with him for some time.”
His Days With Murshid
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >His Days With Murshid> At Mecca and Medina
Khawaja Muinuddin says he was taken to Kaaba (Mecca) in 562 A.H. from Baghdad by his Murshid, Khawaja Usman, where the master prayed for his disciple’s success and salvation. His prayer was answered by a ‘Nida’ (voice) declaring: ‘O Usman, We have accepted Muinuddin as one of our beloved devotees”. (Hazrat Sheikh Shahabuddin Suhrawardy says he was himself present in Mecca when Khawaja Muinuddin Chishti’s attendance took place.) Khawaja Usman then took Khawaja Muinuddin to Medina and asked him to offer his homage and salutations at the shrine of the Holy Prophet Mohammed. In this connection, Khawaja Muinuddin says: “I did so and heard a ‘Nida’ in response declaring: ‘Wa-alaikum-us-Salaam Ya Qutbul Mashaikh-e-bahr-o-bar’ (Peace be on you also O spiritual leader of all the saints on earth”). Upon this Khawaja Usman informed his disciple that he had now reached the stage of perfection as a dervish.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >His Days With Murshid>Strange Experience On Travels
Describing his extensive travels with his ‘Pir-o-Murshid’ Khawaja Muinuddin says, “I was once travelling with Hazrat Khawaja Usman in Sewastan. One day we reached a ‘Som-Aa’ (monastery) where Hazrat Sadruddin Ahmed Sewastani lived and remained deeply absorbed in the devotion of God. For several days I remained in his attendance. When anybody came to him, he used to get out something from ‘gheb’ (invisible source) and present the same to the newcomer and requested him to pray for the dervish so that he may carry his unflinching faith in God and his holy prophet Mohammed to the grave. Whenever he heard of the torture that awaits the sinful dead in their graves (according to Islamic belief) he used to shiver like a cane even at this horrible thought. He very often bitterly wept for days together and did this so loudly that even the onlookers could not resist their pitiful emotions. When I attended on him, he was in this state of mind. When he recovered he told me, “My dear, I have to face the death. How can one whose enemy is Malik-ul-Maut (the angel of death) and who has to render the account of his worldly deeds or the Day-of-judgement (Qayamat) laugh or be happily engaged in any worldly affairs?” He went on, “If you people ever knew even a little about the condition of those persons who are interned in their graves with scorpions and snakes torturing them you would melt like salt. “Hazrat Sadruddin added, “One day I was sitting with a god fearing dervish in the graveyard of Basrah. By his intuition the divine understood that the internee of a nearby grave was being subjected to questions about his religious belief, etc. (according to Islamic conviction) with horrible torture. On realising the horror of this torture this dervish made a violent ‘Nara’ (loud shriek) and the next moment he was dead. I have never seen a dervish more horrified at the thought of after death questioning and torture of the sinful in their graves than this one. Hazrat Sadruddin further went on, ” It is due to this thought of the horrible torture in grave that I am in seclusion for the past 30 years and you are the first person whom I have related this story. Therefore my dear, it is better to spend our time in the devotion of God than in the company of worldly people because so long as people spend their time in the company of worldly people they are away from God. We must avoid such association and prepare ourselves for the next world. “After this he gave me two ‘ Khurmas’ (dry dates) and retired to his seclusion only to resume his repentance.”
Hazarat Khawaja Muinuddin continues, “Once I, Hazrat Khawaja Usman Harooni Shiekh Ahaduddin Kirmani and Janab Aarif Revigiri were sitting in the company of some other dervishes in mosque of Damascus. In the course of conversation Janab Mohammed Arif said; “ On the day-of-judgement (Qaya- mat) the rich will have to finish an account of their doings and conduct before God but the dervishes will be exempted.” One of the dervishes however hesitated to believe this and demanded an authority on such a divine ‘fireman’ from an authentic book. After a little contemplation, Janab Arif gave out ‘Kashful-Mahjoob’ as the name of the book but the dervish insisted to see the said book and the ‘firam’ with his own eyes. Upon this Janab Aarif prayed to the Almighty God for help and by His grace the angels presented the particular book to him. When it was shown to the arguing dervish he bowed down his head at the feet of Janab Aarif apologetically. Afterwards it was decided that each of the 4 dervishes present should show his ‘Karamat’ (miracle). Hazrat Usman Harooni put his hand under his ‘Mussalla’ (prayer carpet) and brought out some pieces of gold and asked one of the company present to go and fetch some ‘Halwa’ (a kind of sweet paste prepared with refined flour butter and sugar for all. Shiekh Ahaduddin Kirmani then touched a dead branch of a tree lying nearby which immediately came to life and became green and flourishing. Owing to great regard I had for my ‘murshid’, I did nothing. Hazrat Usman then turned to me and said, “Muinuddin you did nothing”. Upon this I took out 4 fresh breads from my wallet and handed them over to the dervishes who were feeling too hungry but did not express their desire before the company due to shame. Janab Aarif then said, “A dervish who had no such powers did not deserve to be called a dervish. “
Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin says, “Once I, Hazrat Usman and another dervish were on a journey when we reached the town of Awash where we met Shiekh Bahauddin Awashi. He was a great dervish and it was his custom that whosoever went to him at his Khanqah (secluded place of meditation), he was offered something. He used to distribute clothes also, which he received from ‘gheb’ (invisible sources). When we left him, he gave me a precious parting advice. He said, “O dervish, whatever you get give it away in charity in the name of Allah and never hoard any wealth. Feed the humble and the poor people of God so that you may become one of His beloved.”
Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin continues, “Our next halt was at Badakhshan where we met a venerable old dervish one of whose feet was amputated. He was 100 years old and was wholly absorbed in the devotion of God. When I enquired about his amputated foot, he said, “One day, overpowered by my ‘nafs’ (appetitive desire) I put this foot out of the ‘Som Aa’ (monastery) when I heard a ‘nida’ (voice), “O devotee, have you forgotten your pledge with me? I immediately felt ashamed and cut off my foot and threw it away because it had led me out of the ‘Som Aa’ and was the cause of breaking my pledge with God. I do not know how shall I be able to show my face and wipe off this disgrace before other dervishes on the Day-of-Judgement.”
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >His Days With Murshid> Conversion Of Fire Worshippers
All historians report a wonderful miracle about Hazrat Khawaja Usman Harooni when he was no one of his tours with Khawaja Muinuddin from Harwan to Baghdad. In the town of Ray, which was a big center of fire-worshippers, they had a big fire temple wherein 20 wagonloads of firewood were consumed daily to keep the fire alive for all the 24 hours. Hazrat Khawaja Usman stayed here under a shady tree. While he engaged himself in his evening prayers, he asked his attendant Fakhruddin to arrange for the fire and prepare some food to end the day’s fast. Fakruddin went to the fire worshippers and begged for some burning coal in order to prepare his fire but they refused and said, “This is our god we cannot give any fire out of it. “The attendant returned and reported the matter to his master. Hazrat Khawaja Usman then himself went and found that an old man, whose name was Mukhtar, was sitting on a raised wooden platform with a 7 year old boy in his lap and many persons were busy in worshipping the fire around him. Hazrat Usman questioned him, “What is the use of worshipping fire which is but an insignificant creation of the Almighty God and which can be extinguished with a little water, why didn’t you worship that real and true God, the Creator of this fire and of all the universe, so that you may derive benefit and have eternal salivation. “The old man replied, “Fire in our religion is very sacred and it is the source of our salvation, we worship it so that it would not burn us on the Day-of-Reckoning.”
Hazrat Usman: Very well. Since you have been worshipping it for ages now put your hand in it. If it is a source of your salvation it should not burn you.
The Old Man: But burning is the nature of the fire, who can dare to put his hand in it and yet be safe from it?
Hazrat Usman: Fire is under the command of the Almighty God, the Creator of the whole universe without His command it cannot burn even a hair.
Having said this, Hazrat Usman took the boy from the arms of the old man and reciting, “Bismillah-Ar-Rehman-ir-Rahim-Yaa Naaro kuni bar da-wassalaam-un-ala-Ibrahim” (In the name of merciful and Compassionate God, O fire be thou cool and a means of safety for Abraham) (Quran), he suddenly disappeared in the burning fire. The fire worshippers began to cry and wail. It was after some time that by the grace of God, Hazrat Usman emerged out of the fire quite unscathed with the boy in his arms, hale and hearty. The fire could do them no harm. The old priest and his companions were surprisingly too happy to see the boy safe and sound, and asked him, ” what did you see in the fire? ” The boy replied, “I was playing in a garden because of the blessings of this Sheikh.”
All the fire-worshippers, after seeing this miracle, embraced Islam and became Hazrat Khawaja Usman’s devoted disciples. Mukhtar’s name was changed into Abdulla and the boy’s into Ibrahim after the Islamic fashion. Hazrat Usman stayed in Ray for 2 and half years and imparted necessary Islamic teachings and lessons to the new converts. Instead of the fire temple, a magnificent mosque was built in Ray which stands even to this day.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >His Days With Murshid>Punctuality Of Namaz
According to Khawaja Muinuddin Chishti, “One day my Murshid Hazrat Usman said “Tomorrow, when the day-of-judgement will come,when all-prophets saints and Muslims will be interrogated by God Almighty about their responsibility to ‘Namaz’ (prayers). Those who have discharged this duty punctually will be spared but those who have not, or who have been lethargic, will be hurled in Waile which is a well in hell and where the punishment is dreadful.”
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >His Days With Murshid>Crossing Of Tigris
Recounting another journey with Pir-o-Murshid Hazrat Khawaja Usman, Khawaja Muinuddin says, “We were on a journey, when we reached the bank of the river Tigris, it was horribly overflowing under a furious storm. I was disturbed about crossing it. Hazrat Usman understood my apprehension and asked me to “close the eyes”. I did so. When I opened my eyes after a little while I found him and myself both on the other side of the river. I reverently enquired as to how it happened? The great Murshid said, “We repeated Al-hamd Sharif (Surah Fatiha from the Quran) five times and crossed the river.
Succession As Khalifa
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>Meeting With Khawaja Qutubuddin
During this tour, when he visited the famous city of Asfahan, he met Sheikh Mohammed Asfahani. The 14-year old Qutubuddin Bakhtiyear Awashi (born 569 AH) was in search of a Murshid (Master) in those days and was thinking of approaching Sheikh Mohammed in this matter but, in the meantime he came across Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin who read in him a very promising spiritual career and accepted him as a ‘mureed’. Khawaja Qutubuddin accompanied him on his tour in 583 AH and later on was initiated as Khawaja Sahib’s Khalifa in 586 AH as the result of the ‘Bahsharat’ (prophesy in dream) from the Holy Prophet of Islam at the early age of 17. Khawaja Qutubuddin was a born saint in as much as he had learnt half of the Holy Quran by God’s grace while he was still in his mother’s womb and used to recite it.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>Visits To Mecca And Medina
During this tour (583-585 AH), Khawaja Muinuddin visited several other places including Mecca, performed Haj and offered incessant prayers for sometime there. One day he heard a ‘Nida’ declaring, “O Muinuddin, we are pleased with you; you may ask anything you like.” The Khawaja Sahib replied, “O Almighty God, I only pray for the grace of your pardon of Muinuddin’s ‘Silsila’ of mureeds”. The ‘Nida’ answered, “O Muinuddin, you are our beloved devotee, we shall pardon your ‘mureeds ‘ and also others who became so in your ‘silsila’ upto Qayamat (the Day-of-Reckoning).
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>Prophetic Direction To Go To Ajmer
Khawaja Muinuddin then went to Medina. There also he remained in devotion for a long time. One night he had a ‘Basharat’ (prophetic dream) from the Holy Prophet who said, “O Muinuddin you are the promoter of our religion. We give India under your charge where darkness prevails. Go to Ajmer. With your presence, the darkness shall disappear and Islam shall shine. Allah will help you. “Khawaja Muinuddin was much pleased at this ‘Basharat’ but wondered about the geographical situation of Ajmer. In another spiritual communion with the Holy Prophet, he was however shown a map with the exact position of Ajmer with its surrounding hills and the fort.
Resuming his journey the Khawaja Sahib visited Khirqan and Sheikh Abul Hasan Khirqani and then Astrabad where he met Shiekh Naasiruddin Astrabadi. He then left for Herat where he stayed at the tomb of Hazrat Abdulla Ansari for some time
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>Yadgar Mohammad’s Conversion
When his reputation attracted large number of people in Herat he moved on to Sabzawar in Afghanistan. The governor of this place, named Yadgar Mohammed, was a very cruel and haughty ruler. He was a Baatani and did not recognise or respect the first 3 Caliphs of Islam, neither had he any regard for Sufi dervishes and holy personalities. He owned a fine garden in the suburbs of the town. Hazrat Khawaja Sahib was tired, so he went into the garden for a little rest and, after having a bath in hauz’ (a small reservoir of water), engaged himself in the study of the Holy Quaran.
At this time news of the expected arrival of Yadgar Mohammed perturbed the attendant of Khawaja Sahib. Apprehending insult of trespass at the hands of the haughty governor he approached his master and informed, ” Sir, the owner of this garden is coming; I think, we should move out lest he may insult your honour for trespass in his garden.” The Khawaja Sahib merely smiled and said, “If you are so afraid, you may go and sit under that tree and watch the scene of Allah’s wonder. “Immediately after this, Yadgar’s servants appeared on the scene and started sweeping and carpeting of the place for their master’s reception. Due to the extraordinary saintly dignity and awe of Khawaja Sahib, they could not however dare to ask him to get out. In the meantime, Yadgar Mohammed arrived at the scene with his retinue.
When he saw Khawaja Muinuddin there, he got wild and vehemently rebuked his servants, “Why did you allow this ‘fakir’ here and did not turn him out of my garden?” On hearing this, the Khawaja Sahib simply raised his eyes (from the Holy Quran which he was reading) towards Yadgar Mohammed and the next moment the proud and haughty governor shivered like a cane and fell down unconscious on the ground. His servants and retinue were thunder struck by this incident and begged Khawaja Sahib to forgive their master for his impertinent behaviour. Upon this the Khawaja Sahib asked his attendant to get some water from the ‘hauz’ and sprinkle the same on Yadgar Mohammed’s face.
The next moment he regained consciousness and knelt down at the feel of the saint apologetically. The Khawaja Sahib then delivered a brief sermon of advice to him and his people who repented shamefully for their past sins and wrong convictions. He reminded Yadgar Mohammed that it was highly contradictory and shameful to be a believer of the Holy Prophet on the one hand and to disobey and flout his commands and the Islamic principles on the other. Yadgar Mohammed offered prayers in lieu of his ‘tauba’ (repentance) and pledged strict abstinence for future. He wanted to give all his vast wealth to Khawaja Sahib, but it was contemptuously refused. He was however advised to distribute it among the poor and the needy which he did promptly. He divorced his many wives, freed all his slaves and renouncing the world, became one of the ardent devotees of Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin Chishti.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>In Ghazni
From Balakh, Khawaja Muinuddin is reported to have gone to Ghazni at a time when none could have dared to enter that city due to the terrible turmoil and disturbances that prevailed there consequent upon the fall of Sultan Mahmud’s power and the rise of that of the Ghauris. The city was dangerously ablaze and life was unsafe on account of the general massacre, arson and loot. But Khawaja Muinuddin was too big to be afraid of such dangers. If he was afraid of anything on earth he was afraid of the Almighty God alone. In Ghazni he met Hazrat Shamsul-Aarifin Sheikh Abdul Waahid and stayed with him for some time. In the tone and temper of this horrible time in Ghazni, the Khawaja Sahib applied his healing balm of spiritualism to the wounds of the afflicted which was the supreme need of the hour.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>Entry In India
It was in the year of grace, 587 AH or 1191 AD that Khawaja Muinuddin Chishti entered India and proceeded to Delhi via Fort Shaadman, Multan, Lahore and Samana (a town of the old Patiala state). At Lahore he stayed for 40 days at the shrine of Hazrat Data Ganj Baksh, a great saint who had come to India before Khawaja Sahib and enjoyed considerable respect and popularity in the Punjab. While leaving Lahore, Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin offered the following Persian couplet in appreciation of this great saint:
“Ganj bakhsh-e-faize-e-Alam mazhar-e-nur-e-khuda.
Naaqisan ra pir-e-kamil Kaamilaan raa naakhuda. ”
(Ganj Baksh is a radiant ray of Divinity and a bestower of the treasure of divine knowledge for the salvation of mankind. To the unworthy he is a supreme guide or murshid but to the supreme guides or murshids themselves he is a superlative guide like the captain of a ship.)
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>Warning of Raja Prithviraj’s Mother
Mother of Raja Prithviraj Chauhan, who ruled Ajmer and Delhi at that time, had warned her son 12 years ago by her astrological knowledge that a ‘fakir’ would enter his kingdom from the North one day and destroy it if he would not be wise enough to respect him and compromise with him. The Raja had therefore, deputed intelligent spies all over the North-Western frontier to watch the expected fakir with a view to foil his entry and finish him before he could do any mischief. When Khawaja Sahib reached Samana (a town of the old Patiala state), the spies were shrewd enough to recognise him and wanted to harm him by intrigue. They invited him to stay with them as their guest and accept their hospitality. But a ‘Basharat’ from the Holy Prophet warned him not to trust them but to continue his journey toward Ajmer.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>Courageoues Entry In Delhi
A great political event coincided with the journey of Hazrat Khawaja Sahib from Lahore to Delhi. On the decline of Sultan Mahmud’s reign in Ghazni, Sultan Ghiyasuddin Ghauri and his brother Shahabuddin Ghauri had assumed power and captured Lahore from the last Ghazni governor Khusro Shah. Before returning to his capital, Shahabuddin Ghauri was however challenged (after he had captured Bhatinda) by and suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Raja Prithviraj Chauhan of Ajmer in the first battle of Trawri or Tarain (40 miles from Delhi) in 587 A H or 1191 AD. He escaped miraculously with his wounds by the help of a faithful Khilji slave who carried him safe on his horseback from the battlefield.
The Khawaja Sahib on his journey to Delhi met some Khilji and Pathan sepoys-remnants of Shahabuddin Ghauri’s defeated army-who warned the saint not to venture his entry into Delhi at such a dangerous time. But it has always been proved, he was too big for such a warning and despite all natural prejudice against Muslims in such atmosphere he continued his journey courageously towards Delhi.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Succession As Khalifa>Entity & Conversions In Delhi
It can be easily surmised that the Khawaja Sahib’s entry in Delhi, under such a prejudiced atmosphere must have taxed his and his few followers courage and perseverance to the utmost capacity specially faith in Allah. And indeed nothing could disturb or prevent him and his resolute mission even when his appearance actually infuriated the inhabitants of Delhi. A citizen’s deputation approached Khandey Rao, the cousin of Raja Prithviraj and governor of Delhi under his regime and easily obtained these orders for the immediate expulsion of Khawaja Sahib and his few companions from Delhi. But whosoever went to execute the order he was so irresistibly over powered and subdued by the great saint’s magnetic personality and affectionate demeanour that he was on the contrary, obliged to listen to Khawaja Sahib’s sermon and embrace Islam instead of evicting him from the site. This was the great saint’s first miracle on the soil of India which killed all the prejudice against his religion surprisingly and converted the same into a deep affection and reverence for him. As this news went round the city, people began to flock around him in ever-increasing number and embraced Islam unhesitatingly. When sufficient seed of Islamic faith was thus scattered in the soil of Delhi the Khawaja Sahib deputed Khawaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki (his beloved Khalifa) to carry on the good work there and himself proceeded to Ajmer.
Miracles of Khawaja Gharibnawaz (R.A)
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Karamat (Miracles)>Why These Miracles?
According to the natural principle of “seeing is believing”, man appreciates and believes quickly a practical demonstration if he sees it with his own eyes instead of being convinced by any other kind of mere theoretical education or appeal for any good cause. There has been no greater and more sacred cause than the cause of religion in the history of mankind. Religious belief has always been a question of strong conviction with humanity, and there can be no perfect or unshakable religious belief without perfect and solemn conviction in the establishment of which nothing but miracles have played a most convincing part. Miracles, as a rule, are rare phenomena emanating from, or performed by, only those superhuman beings who are entrusted with, the sublime service of God and His creation.
When man is woefully steeped in sin, he refuses to return to the path of righteousness easily, and ignores all ordinary human appeals for abstinence. He needs something more powerful i.e. some ‘supernatural’ power to convince him that sinful life was contrary to the “Divine Law” and would lead him only to an ignominious disaster and severe penalties in both the worlds if he did not return to virtue. Only divine personalities like the Prophets, Saints and Auvtaars, who have no selfish axe to grind, are capable of performing by the grace of God to uphold the cause of eternal TRUTH for the emancipation of mankind.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Karamat (Miracles)>Miracles And Modern Science
The votaries of modern science do not believe in miracles. They take them as mere myths. But, in Islam, miracles have the authority of the Holy Quran. They must be believed because, firstly, they actually happen; secondly, because they are incontestable historical facts; and thirdly, because science is only a weapon of sceptics and unbelievers against thing ‘supernatural’. Scientists maintain that except the priest craft and some credulous victims, no intelligent person living in 20th century believers in miracles, which are looked upon as mere fables invented by wily priests maddened by superstition and medieval moonshine. This tempest of mere verbal camouflage is, however, a poor instrument to thrash out the truth about miracles.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Karamat (Miracles)>Khawaja Sahib’s Pilgrimage To Mecca Every Year
As is evident from his life history Khawaja Moinuddin is reported to have performed two Haj pilgrimages to Mecca before coming out to India. But the Hajis (pilgrims who visit Mecca during the Haj) who undertook pilgrimage to Mecca during Khawaja Sahib’s stay in Ajmer bore evidence to the fact on their return to Indian that they saw the great saint in Mecca personally during the Haj every year. It was indeed one of his marvellous miracles. How could he do this feat in the absence of any modern means of transport 700 years ago, is a mystery beyond human perception and yet it is a fact corroborated by eye witness and history. During the Haj period, he was seen both in Ajmer and Mecca.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Karamat (Miracles)>Murderer Becomes A Devotee
Once a person appeared before Hazrat Khawaja Sahib and pretended to say that he was eager to pay his homage to the great saint on that particular day. The Khawaja Sahib replied “Here I am, but first fulfil your promise that brings you here”. The man began to tremble with the idea that his secret was out before he could act and, admitting his guilt, he at once offered his profound apologies. As a matter of fact, this man was a hireling of some of the enemies of Hazrat Khawaja and had come with theprecise intention of murdering the holy saint, a fact which the great saint came to know by his intuitive powers. The man prayed for the pardon of the saint who forgave him magnanimously. The men then embraced Islam and became one of the devoted `mureeds’ of Khawaja Moinuddin for the rest of his life.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Karamat (Miracles)>Milk From An Immature Cow?
One day Khawaja Moinuddin Chishty was sitting on the bank of the Ana-sagar lake at Ajmer. A shepherd-boy happened to pass before him with a herd of young cows who had not yet acquired their maturity. The Khawaja Sahib asked the boy for some milk from his herd. The boy took it to be a joke and said, “Baba they are all young calf of immature age; they do not yield any milk at this age.” The Khawaja Sahib smiled and, pointing towards a young cow, said, “I would like to drink the milk of that cow, go and milk her.” The boy obeyed rather hesitatingly. When he went to milk this particular cow, he was simply astonished to find her teats fully developed and over-flowing with milk. The boy filled several receptacles with milk which 40 persons drank to their full satisfaction. He was so much impressed by this strange miracle that he became great devotee of Khawaja Sahib.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Karamat (Miracles)>A Prediction
One day, ‘mureed’ (disciple) of Khawaja Sahib came to him and complained, “Sir, the governor of the city has made my life most miserable by intolerable harassment so much so that today he has order my banishment from the city.” The Khawaja Sahib replied, “But where is he now, he has already been punished by God?” When the man returned to his home, he heard the news of the governor’s sudden death due to a fall from his horse while hunting.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Karamat (Miracles)>Restoration Of Murdered Man
One day a waiting old woman came to Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin who was busy with his ‘wazoo’ (ablution). The woman complained that the governor of the city had murdered her son without any fault and that she had come to him to beg for justice. The Khawaja Sahib, after finishing with his ‘wazoo’ picked up his ‘asa-e-mubarak’ (holy staff) and went out with the old lady to go to the place where the murdered corpse of her son was lying. His close devotees also followed him in attendance. The Khawaja Sahib placed the severed heard in its proper position on the body of the murdered young man and prayed to the Almighty God, “O Allah, if this man was murdered with any fault, then grant him his life”. After this prayer, the Khawaja Sahib put his staff on the corpse and said, “Get up by the command of Allah if you are innocent.” The young man got up, hale and hearty, and the next moment both he and his old mother fell down at the feet of the great saint of Ajmer in solemn gratitude
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Karamat (Miracles)>To The Rescue Of Sheikh Ali
One day Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin was passing through a street of Ajmer with his attendant Sheikh Ali. Suddenly a creditor of Sheikh Ali appeared on the scene and, holding him by his garment insisted upon the payment of his debt in a very insolent manner. Pleading on behalf of his attendant, the Great Khawaja assured the creditor that his debt would now be paid soon and requested him to let Sheikh Ali go for the time being. But the creditor would not allow the attendant to move until his money was paid on the spot. This obduracy at last invoked Khawaja Sahib’s proverbial sympathy for human shortcomings. In a state of ‘jazba’ (intense feeling) he took off his ‘Chadar’ (the wrapper which he wore) and flung the same on to the ground. And as soon as the ‘Chadar’ was flung, it was covered with a big heap of precious silver and gold coins. The Khawaja Sahib then asked the creditor, “Please take away your debt, counting honestly as much as it is due to you, from this heap but be careful not to pick up even a single coin more than what is your legitimate due.” Overpowered by greed at the sight of such a vast wealth, the creditor mischievously thought of picking up more than what was actually due to him. But as soon as he stretched his hand towards the money with this evil intention, it dried up and his arm became as stiff as an iron rod. The creditor and the onlookers were wonder-struck at this awful experience. Realising his guilt, the creditor fell at the feet of the great saint and begged for mercy. The Khawaja Sahib accepted the man’s apology with his characteristic benevolence and prayed to God for the restoration of his arm to its normal condition.
Arrival & Preaching
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Arrival ,Preaching And Miracles
“The seer by devotion and contemplation, prepared himself for the duties of Guide and Leader to mankind but when there comes the clear call, he must stand forth and proclaim the Message, in purity unselfish devotion and patient long suffering; to save men the distress of the Final Day. For Manu there be who glory in life of ease and plenty. arrogant splendour and the applause of men who scorn God’s Truth and reject the divine. How will they fare when the Judgement come, and the penalty? Every fact in life’s pageant is but a portent for the future. Every soul is in the pledge and must redeem itself by Faith, Prayer, by Charity and earnest care for the Realities of life. Bring but the will, and God will guide-the Lord of Righteousness, the Lord of Mercy and Forgiveness. “(Quran: LXXIV: C. 254 by Abdulla Yusuf Ali).
Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin Chishty arrived in Ajmer at the age of 52 in 587 AH or 1191 AD on his divine mission, unique in the annals of Islam and also in the history of India. As we have seen, for the success of his grand mission he had already been suitably trained by his Pir-o-Murshid Hazrat Khawaja Usman Harooni and divinely equipped by the blessings of the Holy Prophet Mohammed. He was thus an apostle of God dedicated to the cause of Truth which “always and invariably prevails though in the long run.” His only armour for the success of his great mission was that greatest invisible power that pervades and sustains the whole universe.
Truth Always Prevails
Again and again through all successive ages, the apostles of God have successfully fought and defeated the forces of evil. Prophet David succeeded in overthrowing Goliath. Prophet Abraham survived the torture of a huge fire made by Namrood to destroy him but it turned into a garden of fragrant flowers and Namrood himself was destroyed by a gnat. Shree Ramchandra, the exiled but dutiful son of Raja Dashratha secured a mighty victory over Ravana the demon king of Ceylon, in righteous cause. In spite of all torture, the Holy Christ and his religion did survive even after his crucifixion and the Holy Prophet gave noble lessons of Christianity to the world. Prophet Mohammed was tormented by Abu Jehal and Abu Lehab with superior forces but he succeeded triumphantly in the end with his grand religious mission. The whole history of the world is replete with such illuminating and noble examples of the success of ‘Truth’ against evil and repeats itself again and again. Whenever and wherever there is a struggle between Truth and falsehood the former is ultimately a victor. Raja Prithvi Raj of Ajmer unfortunately adopted a false policy of arrogance, persecution and insult against a harmless dervish and had to go down before the divine dispensation of the Almighty God.
Natural & Inevitable
Whenever the ‘Divine will’ ordains to inspire a band of righteous people to work as “Torchbearers of Truth” to a corrupt humanity, there never fails to appear a band of those diehards who pitch themselves in deadly opposition to inflict on the victims all sorts of tortures and troubles. Truth and Righteousness come out all the more shining when tried and tested by hardships and such a period of adversity cannot also fail to bring out the best character in the martyrs, their patience fortitude, humiliation unflinchingly faith, etc. In fact they live if they can for the Truth and die, if they must for the Truth. Moral perfection can be attained and moral virtue can reach their highest standard of persecution. And the ultimate success after fighting against odds, goes to prove beyond all doubt how the “Divine Movement ” and the Divine help and guidance work behind it. Their severe trials are so to say, a blessing in disguise. In the furnace of trials and persecution the one of character becomes burnished gold. Adversity and hardships bring out some of the finest qualities in man. They either make of him an everlasting character, the light which shall shine always and everywhere or reduce him to nothingness and oblivion. Therefore those who aspire after success must be prepared to tread the road of hardships and trials.
Greatest Preacher Of Islam In India
It is a historic fact that Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin Chishty was the greatest preacher and founder of Islam in India. It was he who laid the real foundation of Islam in India by his peaceful mission and unparalleled forbearance. He brought the message of ‘Universal Love and Peace’ and paved the way for his succeeding Khalifas for the peaceful propagation of Islam in this country without any compulsion whatsoever in the true spirit of the Holy Quran which says, “Let there be no compulsion in religion. Wilt thou compel men to become believers? No soul can believe but by the persuasion of God.” Khawaja Moinuddin followed this dictum through out his mission. Before his arrival, Muslims in India were in a most negligible minority. His piety and sympathetic preaching made a profound impression upon all he came across.
The invasions of Mohammed-bin-Qasim and Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni contrary to general belief, did little or nothing for any real or permanent promotion of Islam in India. They were more or less military campaigns for the economic exploitation like the British and bear no comparison whatsoever with the grand mission of Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin who did wonders with his peaceful preaching of Islam in this country. He did not bring any armies with him but came with only a few companions; he feared none on earth except Allah. He did not come out to conquer the wealth of India, he came out to endear and win the hearts of Indian people by free conviction in order to put them on the right path of “Truth and Love” and thus give them happiness and prosperity in life and salvation after death.
Here was the God’s chosen man for a particular mission at a particular period of history Khawaja Moinuddin had renounced the world at an early age and braved self-imposed mortification and contentment when he could have easily lulled himself in a luxurious life on the rich traditions of his illustrious family. But, like all other great prophets and redeemers of the oppressed world his heart ached at the persecution and suffering which the barbarous man perpetrated upon his innocent fellow beings. Here was the man of destiny who was a penniless and friendless orphan when he renounced the world and left Neshapur in quest of education. And yet by exemplary self-denial and diligent industry, he was able to obtain the highest moral and religious training at the leading institutions of Samarqand and Bokhara.
Miracles & Sufi Derveshes
The ‘Karamaat’ or miracles, which formed a most prominent part of Khawaja Moinuddin life and mission, have always been intimately associated with the lives of other Sufi saints and Hindu seers in the East. As a matter of fact, miracles emanate from the supernatural powers bestowed upon these holy persons by God as the result of their life long devotion, probation (Mujahedas) and trials, and are beyond the scope of common conception of ordinary human beings, their experiences and knowledge. Modern science and logic have no place in the ‘hidden’ calculation and determination of miracles. They are displayed only when there is a great emergency to justify them. In fact they are used as a `last remedy’ when all other common sense persuasion failed to convince the devil in man or the teachings and principles of the divine doctrines of Truth or the laws of God, in order to maintain a harmonious equilibrium among mankind in the “Divine Scheme of God.” so essential for the happiness of His creation on earth. Highly talented and enlightened Sufis and seers are extremely few and rare in this age. They are ranked as Walees in Muslim terminology who as the lives of Khawaja Moinuddin and others of his most distinguished order prove, were obliged to use their supernatural powers to meet the circumstances of each situation strictly in accordance with the divine law and will in the cause of Truth and nothing else.
Round the Anasagar lake where the Khawaja Sahib’s party was camping there were many temples. The followers of the saint used to draw water and sometimes catch the fish also from this lake for their food. The Brahman priests of these temples naturally remonstrated against this and reported the matter to the Raja who ordered immediate removal of “these Muslim fakirs” from the place. The servants of the Raja not only demanded Khawaja Sahib’s movement from this place but also asked him to leave Ajmer at once, and this demand was made in very insolent and unbecoming manner. But it was impossible for Khawaja Sahib to agree because he was there by the will of God and the command of his Holy Prophet of Islam. When the rude crowd of Brahmans tried to mob and molest these innocent fakirs with the ultimate intention of murdering them the Khawaja Sahib only threw some dust upon them which forced them not only to shrink back but caused the loss of their senses and vitality also.
Persistent Prejudice & Attacks
The priests had carried the news of palpable miracles to Raja Prithviraj who naturally got furious in spite of his mother’s warning to control his temper. She reminded him calmly of her 12-year-old prophecy about the entry of a fakir in his kingdom and warned him to treat the dervish with restraint if he wanted to preserve his kingdom. But the warning did not pacify the Raja. He lost no time in summoning one of his most trusted councilors, Ajaipal, (who was also his spiritual ‘guru’) for an urgent conference. Ajaipal was recognised to be the greatest exponent of the sciences of black art magic and witchcraft, astronomy, astrology, and the like. He also expounded these sciences to many hundreds of his chelas (disciples). When he heard the news of Khawaja Sahib’s miracles, he assured the Raja not to worry at all and informed him that this fakir was only a fake juggler of occult sciences and that he would turn him out of Ajmer without any difficulty. He advised Prithviraj to go to the fakir with his bodyguard, promising to follow him very soon with his own army of chelas and the necessary paraphernalia of his witchcraft etc. to meet the emergency.
Ajapal’s Magic Attacks
While on his way to Khawaja Sahib, Prithviraj fired by his lingering wrath, thought of hurting the saint terribly but as soon as this evil thought occurred, he lost his vision and could not move forward. But when he recollected his mother’s pacifying warning to treat the fakir reverently his heart suddenly softened and he regained his eyesight. By the time he actually appeared before the saint, he had such miraculous experiences no less than 7 times. At last when he reached Anasagar, he was encouraged to see Ajaipal also arriving at the spot in time with his promised troop of disciples.
Ajaipal immediately started one of his magical attacks upon the unarmed and peaceful saint whose few followers got frightened for a while. To ward off their fear, the Khawaja Sahib asked them to draw a circle on the ground around their party for protection against Ajaipal’s magical attacks which produced horrible scenes.
First of all, Ajaipal made a violent attack through a whirlwind of “chakras” (a sharpedged disc that terribly revolved in the air and cut everything it touched). But instead of harming the Khawaja Sahib and his party, these hundreds of Chakras, whirling violently in the air only reacted back on Ajakpal’s own men and caused no harm to the saint’s party.
The attacks which followed were more dreadful than the first. But these could do not a bit of harm to the small party of God’s innocent fakirs. On the contrary, they did a lot of damage in the ranks of Ajaipal’s men.
Frustrated by his Chela’s persistent failures, Ajaipal now made a last desperate bid in order to regain his damaged prestige in the eyes of his people by trying a masterpiece of his magical art. He enquired Khawaja Sahib of his position in the realm of the spiritual world. The saint replied, “Let us first see what status you hold in your spiritual world? After that God willing we shall also show you our position.”
It was now a lost game for Ajaipal and he surrendered himself to the mercy of Khawaja Sahib finally. While Ajaipal was the redoubtable master of all the evil science of his day, the Khawaja Sahib was only a humble devotee of none but the all-powerful the all pervading and the Almighty God of the universe.
Having lost his battles, Ajaipal now embraced Islam, and became one of Khawaja Sahib’s devoted disciples. He now requested the saint to show his unique position in the realm of the spiritual world as promised by him and wonderland of the 7th heaven through Khawaja Sahib’s spiritual powers which had no limit. Amazed at the wonderful powers of Khawaja Sahib, Ajaipal aspired to have an ‘eternal life’ so that he could gain time to seek God’s pardon for his past sins. He begged the saint to have this wish fulfilled and the Khawaja Sahib did pray to the Almighty God accordingly. The prayer was granted on the condition that Ajaipal’s spirit will remain immortal only for the service of mankind, although he will not be seen in his mortal form which must decay in due course of time under the unchangeable Divine Law. Although Ajaipal died in 694 AH and cannot be seen in his mortal form but his immortal spirit, according to a legend exists for the service of humanity even to this day. This immortal spirit is known as Abdulla Bayabani, a name given to him by Khawaja Shaib.
Now that so many people embraced Islam and had become Khawaja Muinuddin’s devoted followers, they requested the saint to shift from Anasagar hill to the former’s house in the city-the site of the saint’s present shrine-to enable the citizens of Ajmer to derive best advantage from his divine preaching. The Khawaja Sahib agreed to this suggestion and his missionary work began to flourish here so much so that within a short time thousands of people from the surrounding districts of Ajmer embraced Islam.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Married Life
How could a great Sufi saint, who had renounced all worldly pleasures in his early ‘teens’, ever think of a married life? Yet Khawaja Moinuddin Chishty was obliged to marry twice at a very advanced age under Islamic Shariat at the commandment of the Holy Prophet. Throughout his blooming youth he was devoutly engaged in his difficult spiritual training under his Pir-o-Murshid, Hazrat Khawaja Usman Harooni, as a whole time devotee. The Sufis, leading a strictly austere and religious life, generally denied matrimony; their only object of life being complete renunciation and staunch dedication to God in the service of Islam and humanity
When he had settled down in Ajmer, the Khawaja Sahib had a special reminder about his marriage through a ‘Basharat’ (prophetic dream) from the Holy prophet sometime in 590 AH or 1193 AD. The Prophet said, “O Moinuddin, You are a great preceptor of our religion. You should not depart from our ‘sunnah’ (meaning marriage which is incumbent upon every Muslim under the laws of Shariat). Coincidentally that very night Malik-a-Khitab devotee of Hazrat Khawaja Sahib gave his sister Bibi Ummutulla to marry him.
Once again the Khawaja Sahib was asked to marry (in 620 AH or 1223 AD) Bibi Asmat, daughter of Syed Wajihuddin Mashhadi who was the commissioner of Ajmer since Qutubuddin Aibak’s regime.
Maulana Ahmed, who was a Khadim (attendant) of Hazrat Khawaja Sahib, states that Syed Wajihuddin Mashadi had a grown up daughter. He was worried about her marriage, as no suitable match was available. One night Hazrat Imam Jafar gave him this, `basharat’, `O Son, it is the commandment of the Holy Prophet that you should marry your daughter to Sheikh Moinuddin.’ Syed Wajihuddin mentioned this to Hazrat Khawaja Sahib and he replied, “Although I am now too old to marry, but the commandment of the Holy Prophet must be obeyed. I accept this relation.” And so the Khawaja Sahib married a second time.
Children From Both Wives
It is an irrefutable fact that Khawaja Moinuddin Chishty had three sons and one daughter, viz. Khawaja Fakhruddin, Khawaja Hissamuddin, Khawaja Ziaddin Abu Sayeed and Bibi Hafiza Jamal.
It is generally agreed that Khawaja Ziauddin Abu Sayeed was born of Bibi Asmat while Khawaja Fakhruddin, Khawaja Hissammuddin and Bibi Hafiza Jamal from Bibi Ummatulla Hazrat Syed Mahmud Gesudraz of Gulbarga and his group of Sufis are, however, of the opinion that both the later sons were also born of Bibi Asmat, but Maulana Shamsuddin Taher and his group maintain that they were born of Bibi Ummatulla.
Khawaja Sahib’s Sons
Khawaja Fakhruddin, the eldest son of Hazrat Khawaja Sahib, was a great dervish and followed strictly in the footsteps of his illustrious father. He spent most of his time in spiritual development with Hazrat Nizamuddin Aulia of Delhi who was himself a great and well-known Sufi dervish. He adopted agriculture as his profession and lived in a village (Mandal) near Ajmer. He is reported to have died in 1265 AD and is buried at Sarwar, 37 miles from Ajmer on the Ajmer-Kekri Road which is an attraction to hundreds of pilgrims during his Urs every year
Khawaja Hissammuddin, the second son of Hazrat Sahib, is reported to have disappeared in his early age. All that is known of him is that he died in 1255 AD. He is said to have acquired the stage of an “abdaal” (certain holy person by whom God continues the world in existence, according to Islamic belief.)
Khawaja Ziauddin Abu Sayeed, the 3rd son of Hazrat Khawaja Sahib, left two sons of whom nothing is further known. He was buried in the precincts of Khawaja Sahib’s Dargah at Ajmer and died at the age of 50.
The Khawaja Sahib’s only daughter, Bibi Hafiza Jamal was a very pious lady and had leaned Quran by heart at the age of 7. She was married to Sheikh Raziuddin son of Sultan-ul-Tarikin Hazrat Khawaja Hameed-ud-din Nagauri; a saintly dervish who lies buried at Nagaur in Jodhpur district. She was buried in a tomb on the south of Khawaja Sahib’s shrine at Ajmer. Both Bibi Asmat and bibi Ummatulla are also buried in the precincts of the Dargah of Khawaja Sahib at Ajmer.
Death Of Khawaja Saheb
The passing away of Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin (may peace of god be upon his soul) from this world to the next which took place on 6th of Rajab 633 AH (1233 AD) at the ripe age of 97 was also one of the greatest mysteries of his life.
It goes without saying that by virtue of his divine life Khawaja Moinuddin is immortal. In the past 750 years, millions of people of all classes and faiths inspired by his love and pious preaching, are attracted to his shrine from all over the world to pay their loving homage and receive his ungainly blessings to solve their problems. Such a devotion has never been offered to the tomb of any the mightiest monarchs of the world and it is a rare distinction in the history of Islam and Sufism.
The life and mission of Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin have been of an exceptional character as compared to any other saints of India. His simple teachings penetrated even stony hearts, his affectionate looks tamed his fiercest enemies, his matchless piety and blessings knew no distinction and his spiritual amazed and defied his bitterest adversaries who came to harm him but were compelled to embrace Isalm and become his devotees for the rest of their lives. These exceedingly rare gifts are bestowed by the Almighty God only upon his “chosen few” whom He deputes to reform mankind whenever is goes astray from the right path of Truth
Mystery Of Khawaja Saheb’s Death
On the night of 5th of Rajab 634 AH the great saint as usual, retired to his cell after the ‘Isha’ prayer (the prescribed time of this prayer is between 8-30 p.m. and midnight) and closed the door, instructing his attending devotees not to disturb him that night. They stayed away but heard a noise of something like ‘wajd’ (ecstasy) throughout that particular night. In the early hours of the morning, this noise however ceased. When as usual, the door of the cell did not open at the time of the morning prayers (5 to 6am), anxiety was felt all round and ultimately it was forced open by Khawaja Saheb’s devotees. Their great saint had relinquished his mortal remains and the following sentence in Arabic was radiantly glittering on his forehead:
“Haaza Habib-Allah Mata Fee Hoob-Allah”
(He is God’s beloved and he died in God’s love)
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Indian Political Scenario
The political scenario of India, before Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin’s arrival, was such that he had to face insurmountably difficulties against all sorts of opposition immediately after his arrival in Delhi. It was not Raja Prithviraj alone who stubbornly resisted the entry and stay of Khawaja Sahib of Ajmer. In the preceding centuries also when Muslim visitors came to India and endeavoured to spread the light of Islam, they had to encounter tough opposition in various forms.
As the early Muslims did not come with a missionary zeal or the spirit of a ‘world movement’, the ephemeral success of Islam was short-lived because they came to conquer and exploit the land. Moreover, the original impetus of the Islamic movement had been spent out when the Ghaznavi, Lodi and Ghauri conquerors tried to establish their rule in India. But Islamic history records in golden letters that the everlasting spirit of Islam was instituted in India only by Khawaja Muinuddin Chishty and no one else. While the early Arabs were true representatives of Islam, the latter Muslims from the North were actuated to conquer the Indian States and not the hearts of the Indian people. The Khawaja Sahib had no armies and did not come to conquer any Indian territory he conquered the hearts of the Indian people, a grand spiritual victory that must stand high among all the political victories of the world. No single person has ever performed such a marvelous miracle. It was the ” Will” of God.
To achieve such a unique victory a new approach was necessary and this was given by Khawaja Muinuddin’s mission and was altogether different from all previous and subsequent attempts. He did not come to India with the object of political exploitation or rule. He came to deliver the simple message of ” Peace and Love”. As enjoyed by Islam as a God’s missionary with a view to endear the hearts of the Indian people for a world movement. And he succeeded triumphantly because of his own inherent spiritual strength and the characteristic qualities of Islam in spite of all the bitter and mighty opposition. There was thus a great difference between Khawaja Sahib’s pious mission and the peaceful way of his approach and the ways of the other Muslim conquerors or invaders who came to India before or after him.
History shows that in the early period of Islam (34 AH to 400 AH) or long before Khawaja Sahib’s mission, Islam had already reached India through the Arab traders and travelers who used to visit the western coast. In 200 AH. a Raja of Malabar is also reported to have embraced Islam. Prior to this, Sind had already been conquered in 93 AH by one of the emissaries of the Caliph of Islam. Later on, with the increasing Islamic influence in Malabar and the simultaneous rise of Rajput power in Northern India, the Islamic influence had faded gradually in the north. In any case the Indian rulers of that time were not unmindful of the incursions of Islam in India and had continually been trying to check its influence in this country.
Subuktagin, Mahmud. Jaipal
After the decline of the Abbasside and Saljuki Kingdoms, the distant provinces of Islamic dominions had gradually become independent of the center and Naasiruddin Subuktagin a slave of Sultan Alaptagin, had become the master of Ghazni. (977 to 997 AD)
With the appearance of Sultan Naasiruddin Subuktagin and his notorious son Sultan Mahmud on the throne of Ghazni, the attention of the Hindu Rajas of India was diverted to the conquest of Muslim territories in the North. By the middle of 400 AH they were so much encouraged by their rising power that they wanted to conquer and bring even Afghanistan under their suzerainty. When Raja Jaipal of Punjab took a lead to fulfil this ambitious scheme in 363AH, he was naturally engaged in a defensive war by Subuktagin and was ultimately defeated and captured. He however, escaped with the promise paying 1 lakh gold mohars and 50 elephants as ransom. But immediately on reaching his capital, Lahore, he repudiated this pledge upon which the Sultan was compelled to march on India in retaliation. This time Jaipal formed a strong united front with the help of the rulers of Delhi, Ajmer, Kanauj and Kalahjar and raised an army of 1 lakh with a very large number of foot soldiers. All this mighty force however failed to win the war and Jaipal was once more captured. But the Raja again sought his liberty and the magnanimous Sultan against set him free.
Jaipal’s Third Attack
After the death of Sultan Naasiruddin Subuktagin, Raja Jaipal thought he had great chance of conquering Afghanistan. In 1001 AD he therefore, attacked again but was defeated and arrested for the third time near Peshawar by Sultan Mahmud, son of Subuktagin. Jaipal repeated the same old story of regret and he once again succeeded in securing his release. But the moral affect of his three consecutive attacks and defeats was so heavy upon his self-respect this time that he burned himself alive in a ‘Chita’ (pyre).
After Raja Jaipal’s death his son Raja Anandpal succeed him. He proved to be a haughtier ruler than his father. Fired by old vigilance and hatred, he made an appeal to all his brother princess of India to unite and support him in a crusade against Afghanistan’s ruler in the name of ‘dhun, dharam and dharti’ (wealth, religion and land). On this propaganda, a very large army relied under his banner and he started in 1003 AD via Peshawar to invade the territory of the Sultan of Ghazni. Mahmud Ghaznavi was thus forced to defend his country again and fought a furious war for 40 days. Anandpal was defeated and his allies deserted him to be captured and brought up before the sultan. But the same old story of regret was repeated once more. Like his father he also begged the Sultan to forgive on promise of paying a ransom and the Sultan did set him free.
Whatever may be the verdict of historians against Mahmud Ghaznavi’s 17 notorious invasions of India, the above historical facts of the repeated attacks against him and his father should not be overlooked by all impartial observers when Mahmud is accused for his intermittent invasions of India. The Sultan had no other alternative to safeguard his own kingdom except adopting the policy of a curious strategy of a campaign of regular invasions over India form 1003 to 1026 AD in order to keep his adversaries at bay, and in a state of constant confusion and insecurity. This was his defensive policy.
Just before Khawaja Moiunddin’s arrival in India in 1191 AD this country was divided into various smaller states which were ruled by different Rajput clans. Rajputana was under the Sisodia Rajputs of Mewar, Ajmer was ruled by the Chauhans. Delhi was under Tomars, Kanauj was ruled by Rathors, Gujarat by Baghelas, Bundelkand by Chandellas and Bengal and Bihar by Paul and Sen dynasties respectively.
Among the above principalities, Kanauj and Delhi were most powerful but there existed a bitter enmity between Raja Prithvi Raj (ruler of Ajmer and Delhi) and Raja Jaychand Rathor (ruler of Kanauj). They were cousin brothers by blood relation. Raja Anandpal of Delhi was their grandfather on maternal side. Jaychand was the son of Raja Anandpal’s elder daughter and Prithviraj was the son of his younger daughter. Raja Anandpal had no male issue. At the time of this death, he nominated Prithviraj as his heir and successor to the throne of Delhi as he was both brave and handsome. This naturally enraged Jaychand who, by virtue of being the son of the elder daughter of Raja Anandpal, claimed to be his rightful heir and successor to the throne of Delhi.
Emperor Prithviraj Chauhan
Emperor Prithviraj Chauhan ruled from 1179 to 1192 AD. He was a legendary figure in the Rajput history of India. He was the son of Raja Someshwara who ruled from 1169 to 1179 A D over a big northern part of India. Raja Somdshwara was the 29th ruler in the lineage of Raja Vasudeva who descended form Chahuman the founder of the “Chauhan” clan of Rajputs whose date is untraceable. Raja Vasudeva is however reported to have flourished in Vikram Samvat 608 or 551 AD according to the genealogical tree given at the end of Prabhandakosh.
Emperor Prithvi Raj was the last Hindu Emperor of India who ruled over a mighty empire from Taragarh Fort of Ajmer and Delhi. He enjoyed the unique distinction of being the “flower of Rajput chivalry and human beauty” of his time. His famous bard, Chand has described his heroic exploits and romantic career in “Prithvi Raj Rasa ,” a very rare but historic documentary on the contemporary history of Rajputs in India.
It was during the reign of this emperor Prithvi Raj that Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin Chishty arrived in Ajmer on his holy mission in 1191 AD. The Khawaja Sahib had to resist all the stubborn opposition of Prithvi Raj with his amazing spiritual powers.
Apart from the 4606 recorded and unrecorded ‘Karamaat’ or miracles emanating from Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin the choice of Ajmer for the center of his spiritual mission was itself a most remarkable feature of his illuminating work in India. It was not the work of any human brain or ingenuity, but it was indeed the result of a “divine decree” from Medina or the Holy Prophet of Islam that suited the great saint’s mission so admirably from every conceivable point of its vantage. Politically Ajmer was the pivot of a mighty kingdom that swayed over the most prominent part of India. Geographically it was the heart of India from which the life blood flowed through all the vital veins of the country and socially and economically it was at the zenith of Hindu superiority and power during the time of Khawaja Sahib’s arrival in India. There could, therefore be no other suitable place for the seat of his spiritual mission and to pilot the movement of Islam in this country. In short, it was an ideal center from every point of view to conduct one of the toughest encounters between the forces of materialism and spiritualism the world has ever witnessed in which the latter as always, triumphed over the former by the infinite grace of God without recourse to any kind of armed conflict, pressure or coercion.
Descendant & Khadims
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Descendants and `Khadims’
History & Geneological Trace
According to the authentic historical sources it is evident that a small batch of the pious followers had escorted Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin Chishty on his Indian mission. Their number is said to be around 40, but one of them was certainly Hazrat Khawaja Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad Gurdezi (R.A.) also known as Maulana Ahmad.
When Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin proceeded for India, his Peer – o – Murshid (spiritual mentor) Hazrat Khawaja Usman Haruni asked him to take one of his blood relations and follower, Hazrat Khawaja Fakhruddin Gurdezi (R.A.) along with him. Hazrat Khawaja Syed Fakhruddin Gurdezi, the khadim – e- khas used to attend on Hazrat Khawaja Moinuddin Chishty (R.A.) day in and out, therefore, he and his descendants the present khadim community took pride and deemed it an honour to be called “KHADIM”of Hazrat Khawaja Ghareeb Nawaz (R.A.).
Syed Fakhrudin stayed with the great Khawaja upto his last breath and when Khawaja Sahib kept himself busy in prayer and meditation or in seclusion for a number of days he looked after his affairs and management of Khangah and Langar Khana. Hazrat Syed Fakhruddin Gurdezi (R.A.) died at Ajmer, on 25th of Rajab 642 A.H./1245 (nearly a decade after the “Wissal” (death) of Hazrat Khawaja Gharib Nawaz (R.A.) and was buried near Mazar – e- Pak of Khawaja Saheb in the Hujra, which is known as “Tosh – e- Khana” (Toshak – Khana). His annual Urs is celebrated on the 25th of Rajab, with all religious ceremonies by the Khuddam, Khawaja Saheb (Syedzadgan).
The khuddam of khawaja Sahib known as “Syedzaddgan” trace their descent from Hazrat Khawaja Syed Fakhruddin Gurdezi (R.A.) through his sons. Khawaja Syed Masood, Khawaja Syed Mahoob Bahlol and Khawaja Syed Ibrahim. Thus the ‘Khadims’ are performing their religious duties as their fore – fathers had done in the past.
They served the Mazar – e- Pak (Shrine) and pray also on behalf of those unable to come to Ajmer and have faith in Khawaja Sahib and are desirous of obtaining his blessings. Their rights to serve the Shrine, to perform religious rituals and arrange spiritual functions and to receive all kinds of Nazar are hereditary and have also been judicially recognised. The documentary evidence in the “Malfoozat” (Sayings) of Chishtia order and historical literature, Shahi Faramin, Sanads etc. (imperial orders) Jagirs, honours and rewards conferred upon them from time to time not only by Muslim Rulers but also by many Hindu Rajas and Chieftains of India, which was also conferred by the British Government during their succeeding regimes indicate that they are the real custodians of the Shrine, as the whole management, control of all the affairs, inside the tomb (Gumbad Mubrak) of the Shrine, are exclusively in their hands. Although the Khadims have faced a number of revolutions and changes of Government, but under all circumstances and worst political upheavals they kept themselves attached to the Shrine and performed all their traditional duties and services. | <urn:uuid:06e55015-9ba1-44b8-89eb-337910a7de24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dargahajmer.com/gharibnawaz-r-a/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.976835 | 20,652 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Mesotheliomas are relatively rare in the general population, but are often observed in asbestos workers and sometimes in family/household members. Case-control studies have found strong associations between occupational exposure to asbestos fibres and the development of mesothelioma.
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive, usually fatal cancer arising from the mesothelial cells that form the lining of the pleural (lung), peritoneal (abdominal) and pericardial (heart) cavities. For mesothelioma, the latency is generally 30-40 years, with the longer periods seen where there had been lower levels of asbestos exposure. Workers with a heavy exposure probably swallow asbestos fibres (when fibres are cleared from the airways in mucous and then swallowed), which may contribute to the development of mesothelioma of the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum).
Mesothelioma has also been reported in household contacts and family members of asbestos workers, presumably from exposure to asbestos carried home on work clothes.
Similar to lung cancer, several studies have indicated that the risk of mesothelioma after asbestos exposure depends on the time since exposure (latency), with the risk increasing exponentially with time after about 10 years. Early studies indicated that diagnosis with mesothelioma was fatal within a short period of time (often within months), however other studies indicate that survival time after diagnosis may be influenced by exposure intensity (amount). Some scientists believe that early identification and intervention of mesothelioma may increase survival. In contrast to the situation for lung cancer, the effect of asbestos on mesothelioma risk does not appear to be increased by smoking.
Patients with pleural mesothelioma experience chest and shoulder pain and dry cough is frequent. As the cancer progresses and the tumor grows bigger, weight loss, weakness, and fever may also occur. | <urn:uuid:1ed0d724-0a32-4329-b854-7cbcc142f1fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://macli.myctgbangla.com/670 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94714 | 398 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Food waste is a real problem across the globe. In 2013, the UN’s Food and Agricultural Organization produced a report which estimated that around a third of all food produced globally is lost or goes to waste. That’s a whopping 1.3 billion tonnes or, to put it in financial terms, it’s like scraping US$750 billion from our collective plate and into the bin, every single year.
The ethical issues surrounding food wastage, however, are of a much greater relevance than the financial impact. The World Food Programme estimated in 2015 that just under 800 million people globally don’t have enough to eat. To put it in a different perspective, Western countries waste around 222 million tonnes of food per year, a figure slightly less than the 230 million tonnes of food produced annually in the whole of sub-Saharan Africa.
There is also an environmental cost to wasting food. Around 28% of the world’s agricultural land produces food that is wasted and around 250km3 of water is being used to grow crops that are never eaten. The carbon footprint of the waste is equivalent to 3.3 billion tonnes of CO2 being released into the atmosphere. According to this infographic, cutting food waste by just 15% here in Australia would have the same impact on CO2 emissions as taking 167,000 cars off the road.
Households produce a significant portion of the food we waste globally, which means we can all do our bit in the fight to tackle waste. These six really simple tips will help you reduce the amount you are wasting home.
Six ways to cut down on food waste at home
1. Donate to a food bank
In the times we live, there are plenty of people in need of support when it comes to getting something to eat. If you, like most people, have dry or non-perishable food just languishing at the back of your cupboard, so long as it’s not passed its expiry date, why not take it to a food bank?
The Global FoodBanking Network is helping to fight world hunger by creating a network of food banks across the world. An international, non-profit organisation, they are currently working in over 30 countries around the world. Go to www.foodbanking.org to find your nearest food bank.
2. Shop Smarter
Buying less food is one of the most important things you can do to reduce waste. If you add together the small amounts of food that spoil in the fridge before being thrown away, it builds up pretty quickly. Buying less food more often is a great way of keeping tabs on what you have and what you need. Try not to be tempted by offers on products nearing their expiry date unless you’re certain you’ll use them.
3. Use what you’ve got
Try to keep track of the expiry dates on what’s in your fridge and cupboard. Apps such as FoodKeeper can help with this. Not only does this reduce waste but you’ll find that you begin to get more creative with recipes as you start creating new combinations of foods. Also, remember that just because something has passed its sell-by date, it doesn’t mean you can’t eat it. Use your judgement and senses before throwing something recently “expired” away.
Always save leftover food. It can make a great snack later, or be cooked as part of a different meal.
4. Store food appropriately
Correct food storage is a massive factor in its longevity. Well-stored food can last much longer. Storage containers such as Tupperware, sandwich bags and jars can aid in preserving foods.
Also, remember that cleaning your fridge regularly keeps it clean and hygienic, and to keep it at the right temperature (around 4°C). It’s good practice to rotate foods in the fridge. Bring the things with the soonest expiry dates to the front to prevent them being forgotten.
5. Reduce portion sizes
When cooking at home, it’s a good idea to serve smaller portions to begin with, and letting those who are still hungry have seconds. Serving on smaller plates is a good psychological trick that makes people think they’ve eaten more. It’s great, not just for preventing waste, but also to prevent over-eating.
6. Reuse and recycle
There are many grocery products that can be reused for other purposes. Coffee, for example, is a natural cleaning agent. A few teaspoons of coffee grounds mixed with warm water can be used for loosening grease and grime on plates and pans – just leave them to soak for half an hour.
You can also try composting as an easy and natural way of reducing food waste at home. It can help breathe new life into a garden. You can find plenty of tips and advice for composting with a quick Google search.
Statistics courtesy of Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN. | <urn:uuid:6c1841bc-47c7-4454-8cbf-33c8bbd09a54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naturalnewsblogs.com/food-waste-can-help-tackle-global-epidemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954961 | 1,030 | 3.234375 | 3 |
07 Jan Say Less. Communicate More.
Say Less and Communicate More
It always starts the same way. Kids are happily playing: Mr 7 with Lego, Miss 10 reading. I decide I might try to get something done. Make a phone call. Wipe a table. Fold laundry. Send an email. Maybe even all the above. The thought makes me giddy.
Mr 7 senses weakness. He lies in wait until I am almost-but-not-quite-fully-immersed in my task.
“Muuuuuuuummmmmmmmmm! I”m bored.”
“Oh, for goodness sake,” I think. But, no, I will not give in to this. So, I pretend as if I didn’t hear him. Back to task. It will take five minutes, then we can play a game.
“Muuuummmmm. Mummumumumumumumumumumum! There’s nothing to do!”
“Lalalalalalalala,” I think, mentally placing my fingers in my ears. Three minutes of peace ensues. I should have been suspicious. It wasn’t going to end.
The next sound I hear is the sound of Miss 10 shrieking, “You ruined it! I hate you. Go away!”
Sigh. Yup, can’t ignore that. I push back from the table and head upstairs. Mr 7 is standing outside Miss 10”s bedroom, working hard at maintaining his innocent face. Miss 10 is standing just inside her bedroom in tears.
“What is going on?” I speak loudly, though, I”m proud to report, not shouting. I am looking at Mr. 7.
“I didn”t do anything,” he says. “I was just…”
“He ruined my draaaawwwwiiiiiiing!!!!!!!” Miss 10 holds up a (now ripped) drawing of a horse she had been working on.
“I didn’t…It was on the floor and I accidentally stepped…”.
I interrupt him. “Why were you even in your sister’s room?” Seething.
“Well, there was nothing to do…”
“Why do I constantly have to have this conversation with you? Why can’t you just entertain yourself for five minutes while I do something. You have a room full of lego.” To illustrate, I emphatically push open the door to the neighbouring play room which is indeed full of lego. “And books! You have books to read!” I am now shouting. I have lost my cool.
Mr 7 takes his cue. “But I really wanted to play with someone.” His lower lip trembles a bit. Full puppy dog eyes.
Game, set, match.
“Ok, bud,” I sigh, knowing I’m never going to tick my to-do list off anyway, “Let’s go play Cluedo.”
This is a story that plays out more often that I would like in my house. Once the wave of mother guilt resides, I can’t help but feel that I should have known better. I have two Master’s degrees. One is in analysing human behaviour. The other is in human communication. I have worked with hundreds of children with behaviour challenges over 20 years. How does parenting have me so tangled and twisted, questioning my every move? Each time the episode winds to its conclusion, I am left feeling empty and a bit of a failure.
Oh, and not to mention the gut-wrenching guilt. Miss 10 feels she’s lost out and life is SO unfair (and I see her point- he did wreck her drawing), and Mr 7, well, I suspect there is a degree of self-satisfaction. He won the “Get mum’s attention game” fair and square, though he won it by doing the wrong things. I’m left to wonder, “What has he learned?” Answer: “Not the right thing.”
Wouldn’t we all be better off if things happened differently?
Here’s the thing. Attention is attention. Being told well done, being given a cuddle, or being told off. There is no rule in the How to Be a Kid Handbook that says “Thou shalt act contrite if your parent tells you off.” None, I checked. Case in point: Miss 10 would fall in a heap and be apologising for three days if I commented on the wonky way she put a dish in the dishwasher (so much like her mother!). On the other hand, Mr 7 is impervious, almost disdainful if we suggest he probably shouldn’t do a headstand inches from the dentist whilst the dentist is, oh yeah, prodding his sisters mouth with sharp implements (Yes, this is my life).
This brings about a parenting Catch-22. Mr 7 requires the most, ahem, parental guidance when it comes to making good choices, and yet, is the most difficult to get through to. So, what do I do? Shout louder? More creative “punishments”, loss of privileges, no iPad till he”s 42? Sure, ruling with an iron fist is one option, but where does it end?
Here’s where it gets controversial. Clearly telling off wasn’t working. So why did I need to do it? This is no rule in the How to Be a Parent Handbook that says “Thou shalt tell off child for bad behaviour”. This was simply something I felt like I needed to do. On the playground, it shows that we are responsible, not neglectful parents. Saying that we are “shocked and appalled” by our child’s behaviour shows that it’s not something that happens all the time. We are good parents. At home, it’s the default. You are frustrated/angry/scared, and so you let your child know. But if it doesn’t achieve an end, why are you doing it?
But what to do instead? My training tells me that if attention is what is positively reinforcing the behaviour, then we need to remove the attention. Hmmm, there’s an interesting thought. It also suggests that Mr 7 has an underlying need for attention that is being unmet.
I hop in my mental time travel machine to apply this logic to the episode that just unfolded. Would the story have played out differently if I had raced upstairs and directed my attention to Miss 10? What if I had comforted her, and cuddled her and taken her downstairs to play a game of Cluedo. Left Mr 7 out in the cold.
Let’s take that logic a bit further. If attention is what he wanted, what if I had given it to him for the first instance of “requesting” for attention. What if, at the first sign of impending boredom, I encouraged Mr 7 to ask appropriately to play a game with me, and then responded to that request with enthusiasm and my undivided attention over a game of Cluedo? What if, instead of putting him off indefinitely, I had given him a clear limit – “Give me 5 minutes to wipe this table/fold this laundry/make this phone call, and then we’ll play Cluedo.” And then, importantly, I followed through with my promise.
It’s not easy though, is it? When we get those precious opportunities as parents to catch up on the chore list, it’s hard to turn away. Sometimes, we don’t see the opportunity to nip a behaviour “challenge” in the bud until it’s too late and we have a thrashing meltdown on our hands.
Despite my training and experience, I get it wrong, really wrong, more often than I’d like to admit. That’s ok. It really is. We all do the best we can do at the time. So much of parenting is reactive – responding in the moment to situations that get thrown your way. Some of it is mundane – spilt milk, ripped drawings. Some more perilous – chipped teeth, broken bones. We forget the importance of being proactive.
The really excellent thing about behaviours that challenge is that they do not occur in a vacuum. They rarely occur “for no reason”. They can be predicted and explored. It is possible to find strategies to prevent them. A plan helps you feel in control next time. It also helps your child to feel in control of the environment around them. That is a win-win situation for both of you and likely to result in a far better end to the story.
Want to know more about how applied behaviour analysis can help you to understand your child’s behaviour and identify strategies to address? Check our website at https://www.tothemoonandback.net.au or contact us to ask about our “Mission Control” parent training program.
Phone: 0411 427 233
I’ll be publishing helpful blogs regularly, so don’t forget to follow @moonandbacksydney on Instagram and @tothemoonandbackinterventions on Facebook for more parenting and behaviour tips! | <urn:uuid:36ab2f68-3aa9-465a-acf5-14bdc1ebd12b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tothemoonandback.net.au/say-less-communicate-more/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959308 | 2,030 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The inner core: City within a city; Part 4 of 4
W H A the University of Wisconsin presents the fourth of four programs drawn from a special week of broadcasting focusing on the problems of Milwaukee's inner core city within a city. The materials for these programs came from the comments and writings of Milwaukee and however the issues they raise have significance and meaning for us all. Pride and Prejudice and American heritage. I remember once in allows someone to make it there to mean they'd say oh you're dirty I wish when I used to just look and stay quiet you're just jealous you're not I wish and I really believe that. So it never hurt me. I really thought people felt they had when they were an Irish because we were always taught to be so proud of being Irish there. And I think that's I think that's what's very important. To to have a child grow up to know something about his dance history and to be proud of it because I think every nationality has it. Now I had a woman at the library to
ask me if she had something in on the pool of people and I said What do you want to know their traits or their history. Well she said they're history and she'll tell you what I want she's too if I'm polish Polish descent second generation and she's my children have read some notice letters in the paper in the comments in the paper and they're asking me questions about Polish history. So I found some I found a book on how we all came to America which she had a chapter on every nationality and the contribution of me a little bit of the kids story of the nationality and his contribution to it. And I told her about how I was always so proud of being Irish. And I said that's because we had. My mother brought a history of the Irish people I wish I still had it and we had to read that as we got older and then I would hear in the Irish people would come over you know and they talk about the. And we were very proud of being Irish and I think they're very important.
If the history of a country could be written in terms of its prejudice ours might begin with a no good Tories. Such a history would mention the thieving Redskins and the damn Yankees. And of course the mic's day goes Polacks Krauts Chinks spics and the niggers. That history might even talk about the wasps. Whitey himself. But history isn't written that way. We prefer to think in terms like the melting pot and to dwell on the achievements of individuals that comprise the whole but to an extent we think and act on the basis of the names we call each other. Good and bad in the next hour we'll look at some of the Pride and Prejudice we live by and through the comments of some of the people of Milwaukee's inner core. We'll examine that ugly insult we call prejudice.
Why do you suppose that. People don't like some of their people. Strange isn't it. Sure history is strange to me too. But it's killing journey on. Phobias wouldn't it. In her book on the roots of prejudice Naomi Goldstein writes that national groups such as the Italians and poles and religious groups like Jews and Catholics have been subject to discrimination at some place and some time. Yet for each of these there's been an escape. They have become Americanized adapted themselves to our language customs and dress.
Only the negro unable to escape the signs of ethnic identity has been unable to escape the evaluations placed upon them. In his 1926 book The American. William Pickens tells this story. One of the less orthodox negro ministers explained that God could hardly have made any hell because God had evidently made Georgia and come to camp and be in it. And that he wouldn't be so an economical of time and space and material to make two places of the same sort. Minute to teach you nary a memo in my. Temperature never.
How that we used to pray to you to play with the way. We used the cookies from the table where they did the same thing how they be used to make. Everything was alright with them in the old people but they were really good relationship. With us until we get in to have a team. And then one day when. The white boys where we came people came with you niggas in a movie and that the first time they rehydrate there. And they some of those boys and girls that tears in there and we think what did we do. Why why you came. Well our mother the father told us not to do it. You niggas know to me that was the most cruelly thing.
Ever and I pray you rip. My pray my associates. You see that's. What we older people. Can do. Just a if if if the top arrows hadn't put that into the. Day when there were no. That just a little pepper but better I mean hundreds of homes. Then we go back home and talk the thing over with our panel. Map have tatic used to make an eight minute never been sand I think. It was there in my early years when they had made a man named Thomas to make a man knowing. That if he permits me to grow up to be a man that I. Would do something to try to
eradicate. Which for Americans is what I consider. A really bad situation now where they're prepared to lynch them in and bring them in some bushes and when I was a child looking and put her mind to hand draining down the street we had a rip tide Cruise Cina through and there was a chair around so my mother heard the horns and then she calls to the front on the porch to see us. And we see the main Israeli men and know what it would do. You had to do that or else. At this time when this name with the tray with the police was going on. Colored woman and this woman was. Well hell sweetie not with a car. And he goes to this police goes this kind of woman's house and this maim isn't a basin he made a median and service police he she was the
main. Issue now is that this mean this may shoot back at him he shot this policeman is own. And that's why they dragged this police discovered me as well and dragged him and the women then driving killed him they had him hanging upon the barroom porch to hang them up on the bar important to see a Wasn't it to say he was still his heart will still be an issue in him through and through. But he didn't kill the policeman. He shot a policeman. But after he shot the police he tried to get away and he got him in the woods. And I sort of got this. I see myself and I when I was a child around 10 years old and have seen some very things happen that I mean something like this you wouldn't believe. Happened. And I you know if I had never been there I didn't see it and I tell about I would believe it. Here
they say we do at this point make their site one one. One thing here. There's a couple teachers right here in Milwaukee right now teaching side people who stood on their porch and saw that Dre had a car and he doesn't know what he died for. They recruit these people 17 years and. He. And they happen to be going one cent in there and their son who had married and moved 75 miles away came back to visit without just coming home still had keys to the home winning and then to milk bread and eggs from produce you know to load his car with it. And a couple of hamburger meat or something like that you get a dead just so you know. And I. Left a note but he didn't find you know and he just was out to get this man and this time out of kindness and drags him to leave. Finally this
rope broke. Now those people are bitter but if fine people but they saw this happen and that the Nana by then call a Santa and call him up and told him I just killed John while ago it was out of order I wanted to do. He would tell about what he made he did that I got it I was then a fine man do you know but the man is dead now. Not not even arrests made. Nothing I mean it's just a nigger was just dead in significant and significantly that danger. Let's celebrate and it's so deep seated You know it's good to go back so far. Hell it's almost like a part of the. American way of life.
Believe that when the thing that we call re-integrating finally come that as bad as things appear to be in it's there now that the science will be ahead of the known. The North will be. My target. You see ordinary. They knew it they go to merely a mere walk or even. That there whatever way you may tell me that there. That you're 100 percent Well you know I can jump to his home that he really means there. I know I only wait you know break around we have a minimum wage and we know this economy only my person I mean you know they paid you know last year when they have their own job we did cafeteria together and we do every year. But I notice when you go downtown. Long before I mean say so years ago when people you
really had to talk about this integration. Now stopped in both just doing the plays I have done with maybe have a couple of those a bit of white people too. Yeah we. See ph told lesson number one that hang on the back we wouldn't your friendship. Time in the hunt but in the south you have a different situation there then you don't know exactly where the way remains and you know where he speaks. And if he say he is your friend he is your friend. So we can leave. But if you say you're my friend here if you could you would you call the. Neighborhood lovely. I was the clerics. Then the same but when they say he was my friend over in the inner core he's afraid to say I was there. I mean definite make a little play.
And that's what's going to make it difficult to have a hundred percent integration. In the south. When they when they make the right come here when the come here will you can have it. And I go back there and once it's known that I'm in town I get all kind of invitations and walk in anybody's front door any place and sit down and eat. But I don't know how many other guys can you know what. If I get away with it because I don't we have a couple of easy living there. It might be different. See there's a there's a liberality. But at some point it closes at a certain point when it gets to the negro. Now I mean it does that I mean I think it's because I don't think any white person can understand what a negro goes through and if don't think you can understand what it means to live 60 years. Am. Something against you that you can't do anything about my seat. I can't change my color.
See the nothing in the world I knew that. And when I walk in a place and somebody looks at me and then decides because of my color I'm not do this. You know there's no way no explaining it how can you explain that away. Every negro child today who was born in the north. Has somewhat of a southern type accent. And if a kid is unable of course to one will use another re-integration or have you. To be exposed to anything else he's going to keep saying this is this is this alone is going to make him different people in Kentucky at least they don't have to live here. But when you're living right in the heart of a Midwestern city where everyone talks in this FLAT MIDWESTERN. Dialogue. Whatever you want to call it. That does put you in a disadvantage to those people you know and I can honestly what you say and what you say. You know people do that and you know and then and they're gonna force Yeah
right away right away as being black saying and then you know that are one people and I want to compensate for this then I'll talk softly CNN the law and the rules do this you can hear what they say and what you say speak up what you people talk louder. And this is why they're doing it. Because they don't like the way they sound. And I don't think anything wrong with it. Frankly I think it's a different charm and some weapons. But. You know one and I timed You know you see negroes you've been here before and they were good for the root what's really funny is to see a guy who's been here for you for two or three years and he's trying to try and try and try to turn to get rid of the Southern accent. So he's trying as best as he can to talk you know what the in the Midwest 10 20. And it's funny and I'll get out this guy's turn to talk to me and he's trying to say something proper. And it comes out with this but I know for own it to be solemn like Norman
asked me whatever way I see it. And in the end this is usually the Usually guys who are. You know you want to make it strive and maybe work around white you know these guys talk and they want to talk like that. So they sound different. And then they just goof on the whole thing up and I think you'd be better off just talking speaking good English. In their own way they know how the best way they know. There's always a van as certain amount of resistance. To me grows here because I'm supposed to make up the population you know we have to have a lot of the boomers money well here's what do they call that you know during a war are the German people who were blonde to the wounded one of them head man I'm with them and all of that and so you always had that type of thing of the Polish people there that we had the whole largest
Polish community I guess outside of Poland. And they have always been. Well on their own when it comes to racial things. Of course every so often I think what people fear never a fear. A few I think they fear a large amount and they don't know negroes. Reading the paper there. I like these homes which I lived in. Moved away from. Much I lived in 50 years ago when they were new then they fear they round out. I thought they were ran down then the 1952 population and it was somewhere around sixteen thousand. Most of triple. Variously between 1950 and 56. So in fact one of the government school
election the Mary lection of 19 6 I think it was. One of the guys who was running for mayor. Right I guess Mr. Zeigler had accused him of trying going down south and putting up posters in sunny southern cities attracting Negroes to go walking. Which he did. When you have a smaller population like that in a northern city. Negroes don't have too much problem moving and I don't mean when I say moving I don't mean just moving as far as homes are concerned but socially or in jobs or housing or education or what have you it doesn't seem to be as bad when your numbers start to increase. And the people that come up for the most part have disadvantages. Then I think you still get a different outlook. People start. Because well frankly because people just
aren't used to urban life living urban life and they don't. I. Quite. Like and I put this. They can i just easily pattern urban patterns. And this this puts a hardship on them of course being in this type of position and seeing more and more blacks in this position I think it just. People just start to change or they're not as accepting because your welfare rolls increase and your crime goes up. And the kids to start the race held in school. And. All of this starts to you know bring about a different feeling. And I came here there were no negroes hardly Maybe Why do families across Roma Street. That I lived on the island at seven from mama. In the family I live with the first family that had moved to St.. Of course were but the ghetto has just expanded. I mean you know it but I haven't been that these people
have been assimilated in the community. They've just pushed out the walls will fire them. I have to do is leaving here and just to hear them talk it was so much define what it was down there in the live in. And that does give room to move up here and to be moving here for Mundo today picked this home for us. We have sent them wanted to put down a list. And we got here we were right. So we try to change and we couldn't change the Kono ways we could back home a third time. And we have. She's a missionary. She was certainly I was telepath was home I didn't like his home so much your own picture for me and I said I would come and see about a home when we will start trying to get it and I snoozed too much experience and so she said last time about I see one home here next the ENP I would like to have the same block here and now haven't you. And she said well I'll go see about it she's at her you know real
estate made He's a man of good may and I'll get him come by and talk with him so she brainin buy him a car with me. So him and her she said we go see that a priest and then we'll let you all know. So when seniors were to come back and tell us that the people in the house the labels don't cover people in that they don't want to sell to color. And so at the time when we could find no house around and get a house you could help find a house we'll call it this is a 939. That some of the side we were going to buy some lot from build some houses because we came from the fact that those people I lived with had what would have been a nice house it was a very spacious holdout head beautiful parquet floors that I favor we took our we had people come in and do the house over. I mean you know they took off about six layers of wallpaper and all of it was really a nice house. Well before
we did this we were paying $65 a month rent. And when Mr. Paradise who lived in Rocky show honestly owner thought he charges 90 now we have done all the work because we live there and we thought well it's my house and we'll put it in shape and live here for that's what he did. So then after that we course we moved out of this nice. And now. So that after that we just live and you know we were I was living with the Joneses who were renting and. We didn't ever fixed up a house again. Green about them is so famous and well let's buy a. Villa from houses. So then you know they said if you have a job and some money and all you know you can get a house built. So the working families of. Where we live now working 44 in Hampton. And there were some land that was Testament and. So we had read through a white person.
We paid or paid the taxes. That's a lie and you don't have to go 60 days for something and then 30 days for something else and another 30 days to quiet the title but when you win the title is quiet it's quiet so you have it. So we are we did that and we went to court about Thomas I was 27 I was in court that day. But I was the first inkling that anyone had that these that the people who had this land were negro S.. But when we left there we had it. I mean nobody in the world could date women just as the same as if the Indian did it you know. And Colonel Zeigler was the mayor at the time. So he. So there was a meeting in the Hampton Avenue School shortly after that and I was Dr. Wolfe was in the meeting. They weighed eight hundred forty dollars. And they sent a committee of 24 down to City Hall to see what they could do better. So Charles Ryder told them that there wasn't anything that they could do other than if we want to sell it and they had the money to buy it then they could get otherwise it was nothing we could do.
What I want to hear we want to buy mine and I said I've never even asked my so I would take a million dollars for it because you know I have wondered what he would have been what he would do. So them after we did that and we. After we had it. They were still determined not to have us in there. Had an alderman named abi. So he put a resolution to the city council they suspended all rules that they needed that area for power. Another exactly seven people out of this was coming in to play in this park. So Mr. Hal you do as the conversation's alone called up and he said. In that you know how they have this little trade magazine I guess where the things are that you don't see in the paper and he said. My name was Copeland that he says the company says they're selling your land to condemn her for her. So how do you know so he brought her right over to me. So then we had these hearings at city council down just like we did the other day.
Two because of the German came out of these editorials the R.V. resolution must be recent because it was purely on race they didn't want any goes out there he said. So anyway we won our battle they rescinded the other resolution. But we couldn't borrow any money. Then all these people. Same organization said if you to all the lending agency says if you lend the money then we'll deal with you so we can borrow not a dime of money from anywhere. They even intimidated Mr. Harry because he too is a small village building alone but he got his money from the. You know I guess from the other banks. So anyway mostly my husband was present the Scania for about 27 years. And so on. They. They stopped us from getting any money that way. So I have saved a lot of money as I ask a colored man it was a builder I was a very good man but the eyes and look Mr. Bragg can you put something on the record I'ma live up there was an attempt.
I remember this. I went to a department store they had advertised for a maid. Now I had come from a community in the south where the women didn't work. Only certain classes you could teach. I mean I would have been a teacher but I could never have gone out to be a maid or to do housework or anything like that right. I would have been looked upon with scanned by my classmates in my family and my friends. It isn't quite that way in the north as much as it is in the south. Anyway we were determined to get the same insulin started in the only way to do it was to find a job so that my husband could continue to do what he had to do. And I went to a department store here and asked to be a maid to take a job as a maid at a beauty shop. And the way that she answered me no man she said. We do not take colored anywhere in this store. Well
- Part 4 of 4
- Producing Organization
- University of Wisconsin
- WHA (Radio station : Madison, Wis.)
- Contributing Organization
- University of Maryland (College Park, Maryland)
- AAPB ID
- Other Description
- Edited re-release of Series 68-34, concerning urban area of inner Milwaukee and its problems.
- Social Issues
- Media type
Producing Organization: University of Wisconsin
Producing Organization: WHA (Radio station : Madison, Wis.)
- AAPB Contributor Holdings
University of Maryland
Identifier: 68-Sp.2-4 (National Association of Educational Broadcasters)
Format: 1/4 inch audio tape
If you have a copy of this asset and would like us to add it to our catalog, please contact us.
- Chicago: “The inner core: City within a city; Part 4 of 4,” 1968-09-01, University of Maryland, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC, accessed August 17, 2022, http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-500-d795c41g.
- MLA: “The inner core: City within a city; Part 4 of 4.” 1968-09-01. University of Maryland, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC. Web. August 17, 2022. <http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-500-d795c41g>.
- APA: The inner core: City within a city; Part 4 of 4. Boston, MA: University of Maryland, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-500-d795c41g | <urn:uuid:cf632d73-ce90-465a-ae7d-72ddc36c9ebb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_500-d795c41g | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.989656 | 5,347 | 2.359375 | 2 |
On the surface, spending a few minutes searching for a missing folder here or a half hour recreating a lost document there doesn’t seem like such a huge deal. But if you find yourself in that position frequently, the time and money adds up fast.
The answer? Putting the principles of organization to work for you! And I’m going to show you some fantastic resources from Avery that can help you along the way.
The Principles of Organization
Many people look at organization as an impossible task, but there are really only four steps to organizing anything.
- Step One: Gather similar items.
- Step Two: Contain the items.
- Step Three: Label the items.
- Step Four: Create a home for the items.
It really is that simple, whether you’re trying to organize a single messy drawer or an entire office.
My Go-To Resources
When it comes to organization, the two things I absolutely can’t live without are three-ring binders and tab dividers. These allow you to organize practically anything in your career, including your administrative procedures, professional portfolio, client files, event and meeting planning initiatives, travel planning, and much more.
Avery has a full line of customizable dividers that that make it quick and easy for you to set up your binders.
The preprinted Customizable Table of Contents tabs come labeled from A-Z, numbered, or with the months of the year, and are available in multicolor or black and white, depending on the look you are going for. Then, all you need to do is print up the Table of Contents page that’s included with the pack, and you’re set.
Another time saving tool I love is the Avery Print & Apply Clear Label Dividers (Index Maker®). The Index Maker® Easy Apply™ Label Strips let you print out your tab labels and affix them all at once, simply by lining up the label strip against the edge of the divider tabs and running a finger across them.
Finding a divider tab large enough to hold all of the information you’d like to print can be a challenge. With the Avery Printable Large White Label Dividers you can print your tab label and customize it with descriptions, logos, designs or color. The large labels give you more room to add section contents because they extend from the tabs onto the divider body.
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When I worked corporately, I used to spend hours prepping divider tabs for binders when I was planning a board meeting. These products from Avery would have been a lifesaver back then! I highly encourage you to check them out on Avery’s website and see how they can help you get (and stay) organized!
© 2017 Julie Perrine International, LLC
Julie Perrine, CAP-OM, is the founder and CEO of All Things Admin, providing training, mentoring and resources for administrative professionals worldwide. Julie applies her administrative expertise and passion for lifelong learning to serving as an enthusiastic mentor, speaker and author who educates admins around the world on how to be more effective every day. Learn more about Julie’s books — The Innovative Admin: Unleash the Power of Innovation in Your Administrative Career and The Organized Admin: Leverage Your Unique Organizing Style to Create Systems, Reduce Overwhelm, and Increase Productivity, and Become a Procedures Pro: The Admin’s Guide to Developing Effective Office Systems and Procedures.
Some of the links featured in our emails and blog posts are sponsored links and All Things Admin may receive compensation for them. We only recommend products and resources that we use in our professional lives and building our business. We hope you will find them beneficial, too. | <urn:uuid:4da90cca-30ff-4a8c-9abd-3eeabde2628e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.allthingsadmin.com/resources-for-organizing-anything/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.91633 | 834 | 1.546875 | 2 |
In question no. 11 to 13, select the one which is different from the other three alternatives.
For the following questions answer them individually
Two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions definitely follows from the given statements. Indicate your answer.
All pencils are rails.
All rails are stations.
I. All stations are pencils.
II. Some stations are pencils. | <urn:uuid:8ac2976f-90ce-4a8b-83b8-551f09453369> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cracku.in/ssc-mts-23-february-2014-shift-1-question-paper-solved?page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959701 | 124 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Marklin Auction at Muenchner Spielzeugauktion
Marklin collectors are sure to know the “Brockmann” name for Marklin – from its long history in the auction business and also the production of spare parts. With the more recent auctions from Münchner Spielzeugauktion we see that the business has new ownership directing the auction house. As the tradition continues there are many wonderful lots in the latest auctions for collectors to enjoy. We are especially pleased with the accuracy of the descriptions and attention to detail in the presentation of the lots. The auction house’s website can be found here:
As a side note, it is believed that the spare parts business from Brockmann was taken over by the company Ritter years ago.
In their latest auction we are pleased to see many wonderful treasures including a rare E 800 LMS. The piece’s provenance (history) is incredibly important as it was sold by the auction company in 2001 for 40.000 DM. While some Marklin pieces have fallen in price recently, top rarities such as the E 800 LMS have not only held their prices firm but also gone considerably higher depending on condition, originality, and the provenance of the piece.
Another lot includes the rare Marklin 416 station which in some versions bears the controversial symbol of the Nazi party leading up to WWII. The particular lot in this auction does not show the symbol, and the auction house is prudent to point out that the flag is a replica. Many Marklin sellers on eBay and elsewhere do not always accurately describe their pieces, leaving out that certain parts are reproductions or repainted. We are pleased to see here that this auction house pays particular attention to accurately describing such details.
The auction also features some larger gauge items (O and I Gauge) including a French Mountain steam locomotive ME 70 12920. The “70” in the model number means the locomotive is equipped with the improved remote reversing system as opposed to the hand-reversing of the “66” series.
This particular model was sold in several different varieties. The black version came with wheels that were either the typical red or black as seen in this lot. It is not known what caused these variations – there is perhaps a correlation with more red-wheeled ME locomotives showing up in the American market. Here again the auction house is careful to point out that the box is a replica. Since the box is slightly used and worn this could be particularly difficult for collectors to discern from an original box. However, with careful examination of the box labels, particularly the colors and stampings, the label is an obvious reproduction.
In O Gauge is a fantastic reproduction by the company HEHR (or similar manufacturer) which is known for producing quality reproductions of many of Marklin’s models from the 1920s and 1930s. HEHR only reproduced this locomotive in Gauge O, which Marklin never originally produced. Marklin only produced this locomotive in Gauge 1, which HEHR scaled down. Twerenbold, however, did product a replika of this locomotive in Gauge 1. The Rheinuferbhan is a famous railway in Germany that connected the cities Bonn and Koln (Cologne).
All in all, the Muenchner Spielzeugauktion presents yet another fantastic auction for collectors. And this time, the auction is at the Hans-Peter Porsche Traumwerk in Germany near the Austrian border, which we covered in another article. The museum shall be a wonderful venue for an auction with such incredible pieces. | <urn:uuid:cd197746-2f5d-4b2a-bc96-9915047257fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marklinstop.com/2018/11/marklin-muenchner-spielzuegauktion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964377 | 749 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Best Business Motivational Speakers – What are your Thoughts about Money?
Best Business Motivational Speakers
What are your Thoughts about Money?
If you are like most of us, you have been exposed to negative talk about money since you were a child. You heard things like “money doesn’t grow on trees”, what do you think I am “”Rockerfella”” and many more as listed below. All this negative talk about money has created a resistance within you toward money. It is now time to change your relationship with money and only use positive self-talk about money and mostly train your brain to think only positive thoughts about you and your money.
Get rid of all the thoughts like the ones listed below, when you think about money or your relationship with money.
- “What do you think I am, made of money?”
- “Money doesn’t grow on trees.”
- “Money is the root of all evil.”
- “Filthy rich.”
“To become wealthy, you’ll need to surface, identify, root out, and replace any negative or limiting beliefs you have about money.”
Have any of these negative comments that you have heard throughout your life served you or others. The negative talk around money ends right now; your awareness now empowers you to build a positive and beneficial relationship with money.
Your financial comfort Zone is keeping you from your abundance
Just as a thermostat combined with heating or cooling systems in your home regulates the temperature in your home. Cooling the air down if the temperature goes higher than requested or heating the air up if the temperature goes lower than requested. Your financial thermostat may be keeping you right where your beliefs and attitudes about money direct you. If your beliefs about money are that being rich is bad, but being poor is no fun either, you’ll stay right in the middle of the road. As much as you think you’d like to be financially independent, you’ll continue the behaviors and habits that your financial thermostat is dictating.
Identify Your Financial Comfort Zone
Ignorance is most certainly not bliss and it will never deliver you the financial success that you desire. You need to take a very deep and careful look at your awareness around money. Do you just spend money and act with and around money based on your internal financial programming, thoughts, habits and beliefs?
- What do you know about your current financial situation?
- How much debt do you have?
- How many assets do you own, what is their current value?
- How much do you spend daily, weekly, monthly?
- Do you have a budget?
- Are you avoiding facing up to any truths about money?
Once you become aware of what drives you in relation to your money, you empower yourself to correct any problem areas and adjust your comfort zone in relation to your money.
Try to asses your relationship with money by very bluntly and truthfully answering the questions below:
- What do you find yourself doing if you get a small windfall, like a tax return or sweepstakes? What about when you get a raise at work?
- How do you approach shopping and spending, with what attitude or expectation?
- What are your thoughts (or even fears) around saving, investing, spending, even working?
After answering these questions take time to asses your true relationship with money. Identify those areas that are keeping you away from living in the abundance that is your birth right. Decide how you are going to introduce new habits and beliefs into your life, which will allow you to enjoy abundance and revel in the magic of life.
“One of the first requirements of becoming wealthy is to make a conscious decision to do so.”
Change Your Attitude toward money and you will Shift Your Financial Comfort Zone
The action needed to Change your thoughts, Habits, beliefs and talk around money are no different to changing any other limiting factors, which are holding you from your dreams. Face them head on, accept responsibility for them and be willing to explore them, be open to finding solutions for correcting them and then release them and replace them with an empowering “Money specific affirmation statements”, like the ones listed below:.
- Money comes easy and often, from multiple sources
- I am a money magnet and money works for me.
- Everyone is plotting to only do me good, and they enrich me with abundance
Do a Financial Assessment
The thoughts, habits and beliefs that are keeping you from your financial bliss are now out there for you to modify and change. Now is the time for you to do a complete and honest assessment of your current financial position.
This process is designed to give you an overview of your current financial situation and will get the ball rolling and make you aware of your financial status. These guidelines, listed below, are designed to allow you to assess whether further steps or resources are necessary to fully assess your position.
Become Conscious About Your Money
To fully understand your current financial position you must answer the questions below How much money you’ll need saved up for retirement to maintain your current lifestyle
- What is your net worth, or the difference between your total assets and total liabilities
- How much money do you have in savings
- What are your fixed and variable monthly expenses
- What is the total amount of your debt, you currently hold?
- How much do you pay each year on interest payments?
- Are you adequately insured
- What is your financial plan, how are you going to create financial independence?
- What is your estate plan
Get Your Cash Flow under Control
Unsecured consumer debt and bankruptcies have been at an all-time high in recent years all over the world. Many individuals and families are spending more than they make, and credit is easy to secure. As a result, many are getting further away from wealth and financial independence. What’s worse, much of that money goes towards buying things that we don’t use, that take up space in our homes and garages, and that require time and money to maintain. We often end up paying much more than the initial price of the item because we pay interest on a revolving credit card balance.
If any of this sounds familiar, take some time to assess your spending habits. Is your spending getting you closer to or further away from your financial goals? Do you find yourself buying things that you really don’t need and perhaps can’t afford? If so, take some time to create your plan for eliminating your consumer debt.
Take Responsibility for Your Financial Success
The previous exercise we did around your relationship with money, has given you a basic understanding of your financial position, now I want you to consider how finances fit into your vision for your future. When you visualize your ideal future, what do you envision yourself doing, being and enjoying? Try to assess what you will require financially to live the life you have envisioned in the future..
This is a very important step, for you to live the life of your dreams and bask in the glory of the magic of life. To realise your dreams, you will need to create a very clear picture of what that lifestyle will cost. This will then allow you to develop strategies to get you the dream life you desire.
“Financial independence frees you up to pursue your passions, travel, engage, in philanthropic endeavors – or do whatever you wish.”
Invest for Success
To switch around from having to work for money to a place where money works for you, you will have to make investing a way of life. Your investing must become more important even than paying your debts. Regardless of what you choose to invest in—real estate, bonds, stocks, business ventures, mutual funds, etc.—you’ll need to be committed to those investments for them to be committed to you.
Make more so can invest more
There are really only two ways to end up with more money to invest and ultimately to spend. You can either spend less or earn more. To finally live the life of your dreams you will need to make more money, lots more money.
The key to making more money is creating value. If you’re creating what people want and need, especially something that you are passionate about, the money will follow. And if you can create multiple sources of income, you’re more likely to create financial security while you are building greater income.
Author: Andrew Horton Best business Motivational Speakers | <urn:uuid:aa799b7c-bc99-4341-b190-29f1045b604e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.andrewhorton.co.za/best-business-motivational-speakers-money/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952912 | 1,800 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Sannyāsa Initiation , Vṛndāvana , 1972-10-22
Prabhupāda: ...comes from fire, smoke is not acceptable, but fire is acceptable. Similarly, although this māyā, material world, is coming from Kṛṣṇa... Mattaḥ sarvaṁ pravartate [Bg. 10.8], Kṛṣṇa says. Ahaṁ sarvasya prabhavo, mattaḥ sarvaṁ pravartate. Sarvaṁ pravartate means māyā is also coming from Kṛṣṇa. That is a fact. The same example = smoke is coming from fire, but we require fire, not the smoke. This is required. We don't require the māyā's internal energy which disturbs seeing Kṛṣṇa.
There are so many examples = Just like cloud. Cloud is the production of the sun, sunshine. When the sunshine is very strong it evaporates water from the sea, and the air is evaporating from the cloud. That is scientific observation and experiment. But by the cloud, the sun is covered. [break]
We cannot see the sun. Similarly, this māyā is creation of God, mama māyā, Kṛṣṇa says. Daivī hy eṣā guṇa-mayī mama māyā. But this māyā covers the living entity so that the living entity forgets his eternal relationship with Kṛṣṇa. Mama māyā duratyayā.
That is just like we have got experience by flying in the sky, the jets, they penetrate the clouds and travel above the clouds, there is immense sunshine. There is no more covering. Similarly, we have to come above the māyā to the transcendental position, and then we are in the sunshine; there is no more restriction.
So long we remain under the cloud we are covered; we cannot see the sun properly. Neither the people can utilize the sunshine properly. Similarly, if we remain within the control of this māyā, then we cannot understand Kṛṣṇa as God. Then we cannot understand God. We have to transcend the position of cloud, or fog; then our life is successful, and that is devotional service.
If you remain constantly engaged in devotional service of Kṛṣṇa, māṁ ca 'vyabhicāreṇa, bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate... We have got so many [indistinct] for serving Kṛṣṇa; if you always remained engaged in the service of Kṛṣṇa, then there is no question of māyā's entering. That is the transcendental position.
bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate
sa guṇān samatītyaitān
Simply uttering ahaṁ brahmasmi, that is not our goal, "I am Brahman." Actually I am spirit soul, part and parcel of the Supreme Soul. Mamaivāṁśo jīva-bhūtaḥ. All jīvas are part and parcel of God, Brahman, part of Brahman, as the spark of fire is also fire. Similarly, the part and parcel of Brahman is also Brahman. So the Vedic injunction is that you are Brahman; you are not this matter. So how you can be given [indistinct] saying. Simply being that "I am a very rich man. I am a very rich man," that will not satisfy you. You must become rich, actually then you can say, "I am rich man." Potentially rich man; therefore I am a rich man---no.
So these are the causes. Simply thinking "I am Brahman" will not help you. You must have changed the [indistinct]. And what is that?
bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate
sa guṇān samatītyaitān
He is Brahman. He is realized Brahman, one who is engaged in the unflinching devotional service of the Lord---vādinyā-brahma---he has realized, so simply realization of will not help you. Ahaṁ brahmasmi...
[break] ...will not help you means you cannot remain in the Brahman realization platform unless you fully realize the Supreme Lord. Full realization of Brahman means understanding Kṛṣṇa. Brahmeti paramātmeti bhagavān iti śabdyate [SB 1.2.11]. Brahman, Paramātmā, Bhagavān. Simply understanding ahaṁ brahmasmi will not help you. You must come to the point of brahmeti paramātmeti bhagavān iti. First realize Brahman, then Paramātmā, then Bhagavān. But if you realize Bhagavān, automatically you realize Bhagavān and Brahman.
Therefore this Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement is directly [indistinct] contact with Bhagavān. Bhagavān. Because Bhagavān... What is the symptom of contacting Bhagavān? That is stated in Bhagavad-gītā, brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā [Bg. 18.54]. If one has actually realized how his identification with Brahman, then immediately he will become very joyful. Brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā, that is the symptom. He has no more any cause of being morose; he must be joyful, brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā.
What is the symptom of joyfulness? Na śocati na kāṅkṣati: he has no lamentation nor any desire to be fulfilled. He is fully satisfied. Just like Dhruva Mahārāja, when he saw the Supreme Personality in penance, he said, "My dear Lord, I am now fully satisfied." He went for tapasya, for austerities, penances, in the forest, for getting the kingdom of his father or a better kingdom than his father. That was his aim. He was insulted by his stepmother, so on the advice of his mother he went to the forest. So he achieved some success by achieving his goal to attain a position better than his father and grandfather. Grandfather was not so much.
So he was engaged in that way, but when he actually saw the Supreme Personality of Godhead Nārāyaṇa, he said, "My dear sir..." Nārāyaṇa offered, "Now you take benediction whatever you like. I am now present. You have undergone so severe austerities. I am very much satisfied. Now you take [indistinct]." But at the same time Dhruva Mahārāja said, svāmin kṛtārtho 'smi varaṁ na yāce [Cc. Madhya 22.42].
This is the position, brahma bhuta. Simply by realizing Brahman one becomes passive, no more lamentation, no more material desire, and what to speak of when one is engaged directly in the service of Bhagavān. He doesn't have any material desires. That is bhakta. Svāmin kṛtārtho 'smi varaṁ na yāce.
Therefore Caitanya Mahāprabhu says, na dhanaṁ na janaṁ na sundarīṁ kavitāṁ vā jagad-īśa kāmaye [Cc. Antya 20.29, Śikṣāṣṭaka 4]. This is what the bhakta says. And what he says, there is no desire = anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyam [Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu 1.1.11]. No material desire. That is bhakti-yoga. Anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyaṁ jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam. We have got so many material desires, then desire to improve cultivation of knowledge, jñāna. [indistinct], to merge into the existence of Brahman. That is also another desire.
Therefore Rūpa Gosvāmī says, anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyaṁ, jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam. Karma-kāṇḍī, fruitive activities, those who are engaged in pious activities, yajña-dāna-tapaḥ kriya. By performing sacrifices and giving in charity, undergoing austerities, the aim is to be delivered in the higher planetary systems, svarga-loka, jana-loka, mahar-loka, tapa-loka, brahma-loka. That is the result of action of the karmīs. The jñānis, the resultant action they want to merge into the existence of Brahman.
Therefore Rūpa Gosvāmī gives us instruction that pure devotional service, uncontaminated by any kind of desires, including the path of jñāna and yoga and karma. Because that is also contaminated. The path of jñāna, yoga or karma, they are all. It may be in the higher stage of material existence, but that is not freedom from material existence. If you want freedom completely from material existence, and [indistinct] in eternal life of infinite knowledgable existence, then you have to take to this bhakti-yoga.
Bhakti-yoga means to try to understand Kṛṣṇa and serve Him, that is bhakti-yoga. Kṛṣṇa is explaining Himself in Bhagavad-gītā; you try to understand. Some of you are now taking sannyāsi, sannyāsa āśrama [indistinct]. Etāṁ sa āsthāya parātma-niṣṭhām. When you accept sannyāsa, means taking vow that "I shall act only for Kṛṣṇa service," parātmā-niṣṭhām ..., pūrvatamair mahadbhir.... What is that? Etāṁ?
Prabhupāda: Now those who are taking sannyāsa take this mantra
[Prabhupāda chants each word and they respond]
Etāṁ sa āsthāya parātma-niṣṭhām upāsitāṁ pūrvatamair maha...
[break] In the Vedas it is said that I am accepting this sannyāsa for mukundam aṅghri niṣevayaiva, to serve the lotus feet of Mukunda, mukundam aṅghri niṣevayaiva. And by this process, by serving the lotus feet of mukundāṅghri, ahaṁ tariṣyāmi, duranta-pāram tamo.
This material world is called tamo. The Vedic injunction is tamasi mā jyotir gama: "Don't remain within this darkness of material world." This material world is by nature dark. We live in---enlightened by the sunshine, moonshine, electricity. Just like the sunshine is over now. We are now [indistinct] chasing the sunshine, we get electricity, or moonshine. So actually the position of this material world is darkness. Therefore it is called tamah. Ahaṁ tariṣyāmi, duranta-pāram tamo.
Duranta-pāram this material sky [indistinct] material world, is very, very [indistinct]. Just like you have seen the sky, it is covering, but we have no power to, I mean to say, overcome [indistinct] so called [indistinct] aeroplanes, they are in [indistinct], but nobody has covered the whole space. That is not possible. It is so big; therefore it is called duranta-pāram. Duranta-pāram, the structure is so great that with your teeny sputniks, they calculate that if you want to go to the limit of this universe, it will take 40,000 of years at the speed of light years. That is beyond your imagination. Unlimited space, you can see; therefore it is called duranta-pāram.
So you have to cross this duranta-pāram, unlimited space of the material world, then you come to the spiritual world. Where there is Brahman effulgence. Tamasi mā jyotir gama. The aim of life is to cross over this darkness, this vast patch of darkness, and go to the spiritual world [indistinct]. There is covering there also, as in this material world. Ten times, or [indistinct] times bigger than this space that is covering. So how you can cross over this material world of darkness? Simply by mukundāṅghri niṣevayaiva. Simply by serving the lotus feet of Mukunda, you can cross over this great existence of material world. Etāṁ sa āsthāya. Etāṁ sa āsthāya, parātma-niṣṭhām. This sannyāsa means firm faith in Kṛṣṇa = parātmā-niṣṭhām.
So it is not that you are accepting this position something new. Pūrvatamair mahadbhiḥ. Many, many great saintly ācāryas, they accepted. Just like in our line Caitanya Mahāprabhu accepted; my Guru Mahārāja accepted this order of life; I have accepted. This is not a new thing. That is paramparā. These are all ācāryas have accepted, our spiritual master also, Madhvācārya accepted, Viṣṇusvāmī accepted. But it is not that sannyāsa is only in the Śaṅkara sampradāya---the Vaiṣṇava-sampradāya. Long, long ago, perhaps you have read in the Kṛṣṇa book, that Arjuna pretended to be sannyāsī.
So we should not pretend to take sannyāsa, but actually take, and mukundāṅghri niṣevayaiva, simply for serving Mukunda. If you, you are young men, you insisted, so I have given you order with hope, that you stick to the transcendental loving service at the lotus feet of Kṛṣṇa. Then you will be very strong. Mām eva ye prapadyante, māyām etāṁ taranti te. If you stick, if you catch hold of the lotus feet of Kṛṣṇa very tightly, māyā will not be able to touch you---rest assured. But don't forget, this is important thing, aham tariṣyāmi, [indistinct].
When Caitanya Mahāprabhu took sannyāsa, He was only twenty-four years old. So Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya suspected that He was [indistinct], "You have taken sannyāsa, so You must read Vedānta twenty-four hours, learn from me." He was teaching Vedānta at that time. So there was Vedānta conversation, later with Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya and Caitanya Mahāprabhu. So... And Sārvabhauma Bhaṭṭācārya soon became a disciple of Caitanya Mahāprabhu after the argument of Vedānta. That was the system = when there is some argument between two parties, the defeated party becomes a disciple of the victorious party. That was formerly the system; not that you talk for hours and nobody becomes disciple of nobody. Simply this is waste of time.
So you are, sannyāsīs who are accepting this order, you are going outside India. We require many preachers, because to fulfill the mission of Caitanya Mahāprabhu. Caitanya Mahāprabhu desired,
janma sārthaka kari' kara para-upakāra
[Cc. Ādi 9.41]
It is the duty of Indians to preach this cult of Caitanya Mahāprabhu, or Kṛṣṇa consciousness, all over the world, to do some welfare to the people in general. Because outside India they are in darkness practically, because there is no guidance. India is envied with the experience of so many sages and saintly persons. [indistinct] experience of spiritual knowledge simply spread all over the world in that they may be defeated, and their poorer lives may be successful. This is our mission, Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement... [indistinct] [loud bell ringing] of going to Bangkok when I was coming from Malaysia I meet one gentleman from Bangkok he was very much anxious to receive us so by the grace of Kṛṣṇa you are going forward I shall thank you can take the address of that gentleman by going and being helpful in so many ways. Thank you very much. [end] | <urn:uuid:fe6c38ca-4887-443d-be15-776a9096632a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vedy.sk/prepis/721022invrn | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930574 | 4,012 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Margaret went to the doctor because her knee pain was worsening. The doctor ordered x-rays and increased Margaret’s dose of anti-inflammatory medication. Margaret never mentioned to the doctor that she had been feeling depressed lately, and that she’d been having trouble sleeping … yet both of those things can increase sensations of pain. And in turn, pain can increase depression and sleep problems!
Bottom line, when it comes to symptoms … it’s complicated!
A research team from the University of Washington conducted a study on “symptom burden”—the effect that various symptoms have, alone and together, on older patients. The study, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, urged doctors to pay more attention to the combined impact of symptoms on seniors and their quality of life.
Study author Prof. Kushang Patel and his team looked at the findings of the National Health and Aging Trends Study, which includes data from 7,500 seniors. They found that more than 50% of people older than 65 have two or more troublesome symptoms, and 25% have three or more. The number of symptoms increased with age. For the purpose of the study, the researchers defined “symptoms” as “negative health-related experiences reported by patients but not observed by clinicians.”
These six symptoms were the most common:
- breathing difficulty
- sleep problems
Sometimes symptoms are directly caused by an illness—for example, chest pain from heart problems, knee pain from arthritis, or breathing difficulty from to COPD. The causes of sleep problems and depression may be more complicated and there may be interplay between symptoms and various health problems. The American Geriatrics Society explains, “Older adults often experience more than one symptom at a time, which can make each symptom feel worse.”
Symptom burden was associated with increased falls, a higher rate of hospitalization, a loss of strength and function, and shorter life. Clearly treating symptoms is a big quality of life issue! Yet it often falls through the cracks as doctors focus on treating a particular disease or health condition.
The American Geriatrics Society notes that while palliative care specialists focus on symptom relief when patients are at the end of life, there is much more that can be done for all patients, as part of improved patient-centric, integrated care.
“Our results indicate that the overall burden of symptoms is something the clinician should consider, as it may have an impact that is not apparent when just dealing with diseases and symptoms individually, one at a time,” reported Prof. Patel. “For many older adults, symptoms often interfere with accomplishing daily activities. Addressing symptoms gives clinicians an opportunity to identify the patient’s goals and priorities, which can then help guide treatment decisions.”
The professional Life Care Managers at Holistic Aging believe that every older adult deserves the highest level of support for their own successful aging, no matter what challenges they encounter. We provide support and services to enhance the well-being of senior clients and families as they work together toward this goal.
Source: IlluminAge reporting on a study from the University of Washington and the American Geriatrics Society. | <urn:uuid:9966e8df-ca55-46ab-a12e-bd5875b2ed56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://holisticaging.com/study-urges-doctors-to-consider-symptom-burden-in-older-patients/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959324 | 672 | 2.65625 | 3 |
CSNG (File Format)
The CSNG format contains MIDI data. It appears in Metroid Prime 1 and 2. It is essentially MusyX's SON music format, with a custom header.
The offsets are absolute and must be located with the CSNG header removed.
|This file format needs a lot of research |
Nothing is known about this format.
This 0x14-byte header isn't part of the MusyX format; it appears at the start of the file. After parsing this the rest of the file is copied into a buffer and then passed to the MusyX functions.
|0x0||4||Magic; (always 0x2)|
|0x14||MusyX data starts|
|0x0||4||Voice Header Table Offset (start of MusyX SON data)|
|0x4||4||Voice Sequence Offsets Table Offset|
|0x8||4||Wave Index Table Offset|
|0xC||4||Unknown; (always 0...probably another offset)|
|0x10||4||Initial BPM Rate; AKA Tempo (always 0x78 = 120 beats per minute)|
The data in the files is very similar to MIDI, however it is formatted by word, rather than MIDI's byte formatting.
After the data for the instruments are defined, there is a table of offsets for data through out the SON data. Each chunk of data starts with a long 0x8, usually followed by another absolute offset that points to the end of the chunk.
Notes durations are controlled by 96 ticks per beat. | <urn:uuid:983c996d-fece-4b32-9e0a-ac29cf94df1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.axiodl.com/w/index.php?title=CSNG_(File_Format)&oldid=2476 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.790995 | 419 | 2.109375 | 2 |
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Mendocino County is located in the larger North Coast AVA and is the northernmost wine region of California.
In a nutshell
- California’s northernmost wine region of California
- 7000 hectares along the Californian coast
- Most important AVA: Anderson Valley
- Chardonnay, zinfandel, cab sauv and merlot
The climate is greatly depending on the location. AVAs located closer to the Pacific like Anderson Valley are considerably cooler than those more inland such as Redwood Valley. Potter Valley, east of Redwood Valley, is surprisingly enough cooler, as the vineyards are located at higher altitude giving higher diurnal ranges.
🍇 Grapes & style
The high altitude vineyards of Potter Valley are planted with riesling and suavignon blanc, whilst the warmer vineyards in Redwood Valley are perfect to ripen zinfandel, petite sirah, syrah and cabernet sauvignon. The coastal AVAs like Anderson Valley are better suited for chardonnay and pinot noir.
💡 Something you didn’t know
The Champagne brand ‘Louis Roederer’ has a subsidiary in Anderson Valley – the cool climate AVA – and is producing some fine fizz here.
Your turn now
I always put a new region on instagram first. If you have any additions or comments on a region, please do share. You can drop a comment on instagram or on the website – see below. Your help is much appreciated! | <urn:uuid:129e587d-d6ba-4d9f-91c1-62ecbe48d1f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leclubdesvins.com/mendocino-county/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.909183 | 351 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The prototype coiled-tubing (CT) drill rig underwent its first extensive field-drilling trials 20km west of Port Augusta in late February and early March.
The trial site was adjacent to a hole previously drilled by conventional diamond-drilling methods and provided a typical example of the thick cover sequence of the Olympic iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) province of South Australia.
CT drilling differs from conventional drilling in that the drill string is a continuous, malleable steel coil, as opposed to being comprised of individual steel rods that must be connected and disconnected.
During the trials, the RoXplorer first drilled, cased with steel pipe and then cemented the top 30m of the hole. The main hole was then drilled through the cement and into open formation with a downhole hammer and percussion bit powered by a downhole motor. The rig drilled 367m in four successive 12h shifts, for an average of 92m per shift, and at an average penetration rate when drilling of 15m per hour. This compares with around 25m per shift at an average penetration rate of 3m per hour diamond-drilling in the adjacent hole.
The hole was terminated at just over 400m depth having intersected the target basalt. The cuttings recovered were representative of the geology intersected in the adjacent conventional diamond hole.
According to DET CRC CEO Richard Hillis, the performance of the RoXplorer rig and CT drilling ‘system' were outstanding.
He added: "It is a revelation to watch rapid drilling with no rotation, no-one near the drill string, no rod handling and no fluids on the surface. When going well, it is wonderfully dull. When tripping in and out of the hole, it is wonderfully quick. Not many people see the start of a revolution in an industry, and I was lucky enough to see one on the Eyre Peninsula."
The RoXplorer rig weighs only 15t and can be easily road transported without the need for special permits. DET CRC stated that, as well as being fast and cheap, it offers a substantial improvement in safety because individual rods do not need to be manually handled (moved or connected). The system also offers environmental benefits because drilling fluids are fully recycled using an above-ground AMC Solids Removal Unit (filters and centrifuges) and no sump is dug.
The trials represent the culmination of a A$20 million (US$15 million) research project by the DET CRC to develop a next-generation drill rig for greenfields mineral exploration that can drill at a cost of $50/metre to a depth of 500m.
A final field trial is expected to be undertaken around the middle of the year before the technology is offered to DET CRC partners for licencing. The timing of the commercial release of the RoXplorer rig will be subject to the licencing process and its commercialisation by the licensor. | <urn:uuid:133e1049-af2b-4649-a3db-b09e173232e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geodrillinginternational.com/issue/issue/1142014/successful-field-trials-roxplorer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95508 | 607 | 1.945313 | 2 |
The Dallas ISD Social Studies Department is excited to bring field trip opportunities to our students for the 2022-2023 school year. The department’s vision is that all Dallas ISD students think critically, engage civically, and connect globally. Through a partnership with EF Tours (Education First) and Echo Education, the Social Studies Department will provide equitable access to co-curricular programs that enrich students’ learning experiences annually. For background information about EF Tours or Echo Education, please visit this link. The Social Studies Department will coordinate these opportunities with interested campuses. Financial responsibility associated with these opportunities must be covered by participants.
Click this link and complete the form to reserve your spot for student travel during the 2022-2023 school year!
Tour Itineraries include:
- Austin: State Capitol of Texas – Texas State Cemetery – Bullock Texas State History Museum
- Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Museums – Arlington National Cemetery – Mt. Vernon Estate – U.S. Capitol Building – Tidal Basin & National Mall
- Atlanta: Ponce City Market – Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historical Park – African-American Panoramic Experience Museum – Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
- New York City: The Empire State Building – The Hispanic Society of America – Times Square & Broadway – El Museo del Barrio – The Cloisters
The Social Studies Department looks forward to hosting interest meetings on April 5th in-person and on April 6th, virtually, more details coming soon! | <urn:uuid:179d68a6-474b-46ee-8f0d-bda537f2a27e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehub.dallasisd.org/2022/04/01/social-studies-department/?noamp=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.884307 | 305 | 2.109375 | 2 |
All Paws Press
March 27, 2022
Positivity Project March 28 - April 1: HUMOR
This week our school community will be focusing on the character strength of Humor. Humor means you like to laugh and bring smiles to other people.
Humor is a sense of playfulness and lightness. It is a way of looking at and describing the world that brings laughter to people. A person with the strength of humor is skilled at seeing the funny side of things, bringing smiles and laughter to others, and identifying and communicating the absurdities in life. People with this strength don’t specifically need to be joke tellers, although many are.
Humor plays an important role in helping groups of people rise above difficult circumstances and boost morale. It removes us from our present difficulties by easing tension and making life more fun. This is why athletic teams often need a jokester to help them get through tough losses and early morning fitness sessions. On a larger societal level, humor often helps downtrodden groups to find cohesion and strength. This is why Simon Wiesenthal said, “Humor is the weapon of unarmed people: it helps people who are oppressed smile at the situation that pains them.”
To practice and encourage the character strength of humor with your child, please visit the Positivity Project’s P2 for Families (password: P2) where together you will watch a video, read a quote and talk about the answers to three questions.
Have a wonderful week!
Important Dates to Remember
March 28-April 1: Class of 2024 Plant Sales Fundraiser
March 29 & 30: Grades 3-6 NYS English Language Arts Assessments (CBT)
March 31 & April 1: Grades 7 & 8 NYS English Language Arts Assessments
April 1: Early Release Day #5 (Curriculum Development)
April 4: Junior Class Spaghetti Dinner Fundraiser
April 7: BOCES Annual Meeting at 5:45 P.M.
April 12: 2023 7th/8th Grade Washington DC Trip Parent Informational Meeting, 6-6:30 pm in the Auditorium (more info coming home soon...)
April 15-22: Spring Break – No School UPK-12
April 25: BOCES Budget and Board Candidate Vote
April 25: Board of Education Meeting in the Cafeteria at 6:00 P.M.
April 28 & 29: New York State Grades 3-6 Mathematics Exams (CBT)
May 2 & 3: New York State Grades 7 & 8 Mathematics Exams (CBT)
May 21: Prom Night
PHCS Salutes the Top of the Class of 2022
Audrey is the daughter of Joseph and Michelle McGill. She has attended Parishville-Hopkinton Central School since Pre-K. Audrey has earned a seven-semester average of 98.58 and has been on the high honor roll every quarter since seventh grade. She will graduate with an Advanced Regents Diploma with Honors and Mastery in Mathematics and Science with local majors in English, Science, Mathematics, Social Studies, Spanish, Music, and Visual Arts. She has received the Presidential Gold Award every year since.
Audrey was elected secretary of the Class of 2022 during her senior year. She has been a member of the Speech and Debate club since seventh grade, becoming president her sophomore year and maintaining her role throughout high school. She has been a member of the National Honor Society since freshman year, becoming president her senior year. She has also participated in Student Council, Spanish Club, Photography Club, and Yearbook.
Music has always played a major role in Audrey’s life. She has played the flute for the school’s concert bands since fifth grade and has sung in the soprano section of the concert choirs since third grade. In her freshman year, she joined both Jazz Band as a multi-instrumentalist and singer and joined Select Chorus as a soprano. She joined Follies as a seventh-grader, becoming the organization’s president her senior year. She has played a lead role in two musical productions and minor roles in four other productions. She has attended many All-County music festivals for both band and chorus. As a sophomore, she was invited to perform in the chorus at the Area All-State festival.
In the fall, Audrey will be attending Merrimack College to earn her Bachelor of Arts degree in Music.
Leland Blevins, Co-Salutatorian:
Leland is the son of Lori Remington and John Blevins and has been a student at
Parishville-Hopkinton Central School since 2008. Leland has earned a seven-semester average of 96.96. He will graduate with an Advanced Regents Diploma with Honors and Mastery in both Mathematics and Science. He will also graduate with local majors in English, Social Studies, Spanish, and Visual Arts.
Leland has been on high honor roll every year since 7th grade. He has been the vice president of his class since 7th grade. He is a member of the National Honor Society. He has earned the presidential gold award all four years of high school. He completed Clarkson’s Project Challenge in his junior year. He was also nominated for the U.S. Presidential Scholars Program in his senior year.
Leland has played soccer every year since 7th grade. He started playing basketball in 8th grade. He has received the sportsmanship award and athlete of distinction award in both sports. He has also received multiple Coaches Awards in basketball.
Leland received scholarships from a number of colleges. After graduating, he will most likely attend SUNY Canton with an undeclared major.
Megan Taylor, Co-Salutatorian:
Megan is the daughter of Jason and Tiffany Taylor. She has attended Parishville- Hopkinton Central School since Pre-K in 2008. Megan has earned a 96.90 GPA. She will graduate with an Advanced Regents Diploma with Mastery in Mathematics and local majors in English, Mathematics, Spanish, Science and Social Studies. She has received the Presidential Gold award for five consecutive years.
Megan has participated in numerous extracurricular activities. She obtained her role as President of the Spanish club during her freshman year. As part of Megan’s Spanish curriculum she has graciously prepared and instructed six elementary classes in her senior year and mentored high school classes as well. She also took on the role as Treasurer of Yearbook her freshman year. Megan was a member of the Ski Club for two years and Model United Nations Club her senior year. She has been in the National Honor Society since she was inducted her freshman year. She was also honored to participate in Clarkson’s Project Challenge in 10th and 11th grade. Megan has been on high honor roll every year since seventh grade.
Athletics have been a big part of Megan’s journey, participating in soccer, softball, basketball, and figure skating. She received Academic All Northern, Second Team All Northern, and Defensive MVP for soccer. Megan held the position of captain of the soccer team her senior year.
After graduation Megan plans on attending Nazareth College majoring in Modern Foreign Language and studying abroad.
Panthers in the News
4-H All Paws Babysitter’s Club....
Several of our students completed a 12 session 4-H babysitting class in January and February. Jennifer Collins from Hero’s Haven then joined us to teach a CPR and First Aid class. All of the students completed the class and achieved a perfect score on their exams. Parishville-Hopkinton now has the best trained babysitters around! This class was offered to all eligible students who are currently enrolled in our All Paws Afterschool program.
At the PHCS Board of Education meeting on Monday, March 21st, Steve Coffin, our current PreK-12 building principal, was appointed as the next superintendent of schools, pending completion of contract negotiations.
Mr. Coffin will officially begin his new position on July 1, 2022.
5-Hour Pre-Licensing Course
BOCES is offering pre-licensing courses at 3 p.m. on the following dates: April 2nd, May 7th, and June 4th.
The cost of the course is $50.
You must pre-register and pre-pay for the course. Walk-ins will not be permitted. To register, go to sllboces.org. The pre-licensing courses are listed under the Spring 2022 SLLBOCES Adult Education Course Catalog. You can also call 1-888-360-7693. | <urn:uuid:83d2d94e-e50b-4a0a-9c17-498f3d628bf3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smore.com/14hdr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975362 | 1,824 | 2.75 | 3 |
Immigration Equality Responds to the State of Minnesota v. Derek Chauvin
New York, NY (April 20, 2021) — Immigration Equality Executive Director Aaron C. Morris released the following statement:
Today, the United States took an important step toward unravelling a tragic, uniquely American pattern that so often exonerates murderers in uniform. No one has more anxiously been awaiting the jury’s decision in the Chauvin case than the family of George Floyd. We hope the verdict can provide them at least some peace of mind. At the same time, we condemn the white supremacy that led to this shameful tragedy.
For far too long, Black and Brown people have suffered the disproportionate impact of police-based violence in the United States. For just as long, very little has been done to change a system that allows law enforcement officers from erasing a life without repercussion.
All Americans should be able to look to our officers, to our courts, and to our government with the confidence that they serve and protect us equally. Let this be the moment that we acknowledge how broken our nation is, and how white supremacy continues to distort and pollute the lofty ideals we purport to have.
Black lives matter. They always will. | <urn:uuid:90958887-a663-41a3-897b-a6fbda7ca431> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://immigrationequality.org/press/press-releases-2/minnesota-derek-chauvin-trial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942187 | 252 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Permanent Or Semi-Permanent? Is This Different Than A Tattoo?
One of the biggest myths on permanent makeup today is that microblading and some permanent makeup is not a tattoo. This misinformation has been addressed by the SPCP (Society Of Permanent Cosmetic Professionals) and SNHD (Southern Nevada Health District). This is completly false.
All permanent makeup is a tattoo! This includes microblading. Pigment is places in the dermis via a microblade, tattoo machine, permanent makeup machine or digital powered permanent makeup delivery device. Regardless of the delivery device or method, when pigment is placed into the skin and can not be washed off, it is a tattoo.
The second most popular myth in permanent makeup is that microblading and some permanent makeup is semi-permanent. All permanent makeup softens and lightens in time. It seldom disappears 100% so it is not accurate to call it semi-permanent. Most permanent makeup procedures require touch ups or color refreshers every 1-4 years. This does not qualify as semi-permanent. It can not be simply washed off and it does not just completely dissapear100% one day. If it does, this is a result of poor application or pigment failure. This is not the norm.
Microblading requires more frequent touch ups than any other permanent makeup technique simply because very little pigment gets in the skin's dermis. Additionally, microblading is a non-machine method so consistant pigment depth implantation is not possible. Each incision (30-100 per eyebrow) that creats a little cut (hair stroke) is done with a blade in an Exacto knofe like handle. There is no guide on the blades to ensure even cuts.
We favor a digital machine method with nano needle technology over microblading because more pigment gets into the skin and it causes less trauma than microblading. Because of this, there is no down time, scabbing and much better pigment retention. There is much more controle and consistancy in pigment placement than microblading. | <urn:uuid:03c60618-119a-4d1e-9800-7bda7bb89c15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vegas3deyebrows.com/semi-permanent-vs-permanent-makeup | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.921871 | 431 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Have you seen that mask in the stack before? Are you sure? To become a master kabuki actor, you must prove that you can identify all masks you see and remember where they are located, and Illusion will test those memory and recognition skills.
The game lasts three rounds. To set up a round, each player takes 4-5 coins and someone shuffles the mask deck, then lays out the four actors around the deck. The deck consists of ten different types of masks, with five cards of each type. | <urn:uuid:ec4e360b-9d7c-4098-a5ef-22d0830c8a38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://themindcafe.com.sg/product/kabuki/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960284 | 113 | 1.757813 | 2 |
About Modifying Block Definitions
You can modify a block definition using several methods.
Modify a Block Definition
There are several methods for redefining a block definition. The method you choose depends on whether you want to make changes in the current drawing only or in a source drawing also.
Modify the block definition in the current drawing.
The Block Editor provides the easiest way to modify a block in the current drawing. The changes you make and save in the Block Editor replace the existing block definition, and all references to that block in the drawing are immediately updated.
An alternative way to modify a block definition is to create a new block definition, but enter the name of the existing block definition. You can insert and explode an instance of the original block and then use the resulting objects in creating the new block definition.
Modify the block definition in the source drawing and reinsert it into the current drawing.
Updating a block that was created in another drawing and then inserted into the current drawing does not trigger an automatic update (unlike inserting xrefs). To update a block that has been updated in another drawing, you must reinsert it.
Update a block definition that originated from an inserted drawing file.
Block definitions created in your current drawing by inserting a drawing file are not updated automatically when the original drawing is modified. You must insert the drawing again to update a block definition from the drawing file.
Update a block definition that originated in a library drawing (advanced).
Inserting a block using DesignCenter does not overwrite an existing block definition. To insert a block definition that has been updated in a block library, for example, use WBLOCK to save the block as a separate drawing. Then, insert the drawing to overwrite the outdated block definition.
Block descriptions are stripped off when using INSERT. Use the Clipboard to copy and paste a block description displayed in the Block Definition dialog box from one block definition to another.
Remove a Block Definition
The block definition remains in the drawing, even when all references to that block are erased. In order to remove the block definition, you need to purge it.
About Inserting Blocks
Save time and control the drawing size by inserting references to a set of objects that have been combined to form a block. Sources of Block Definitions You can insert blocks from these sources: Blocks defined in the current drawing. Other drawing ...
About Defining Blocks
You can create blocks by associating objects and giving them a name or by creating a drawing to be used as a block. Block Definitions Whenever you create a block or insert a drawing as a block, all of the block information in the block definition, ...
Understanding the Blocks Palette
Blocks can be inserted into a drawing with the Blocks Palette, the Tool Palettes window, or Design Center, depending on which of these tools best suits the user's needs. This article focuses on the Blocks Palette. To access the Blocks Palette, enter ...
Blocks are compound objects that are commonly used for symbols, parts, detail views, and title blocks. A block is one or more objects combined to create a single object. The following are some examples of blocks inserted into drawings. Using blocks ...
Stretch a Segment You can select a grip to make changes directly. Select the polyline to display its grips. Select a grip and drag it to the new location. Menu Options for Modifying Polylines Several options become available when you select a ...
Microvellum Foundation Library Release Notes | Build 22.0729
The following release notes apply to Microvellum Foundation Library, Build 22.0729 Note: This build (22.0729) contains the necessary requirements to support the new Microvellum "Library Update Utility". If your library version is older than 22.0729, ...
Toolbox Release Notes | Build 22.1.0720.641
The following Release Notes apply to Toolbox Build 22.1.0720.641 Processing Stations Resolutions: Resolved an issue with the saw file output for Ardis processing stations when you have “None” set as the picture type. Resolved a refresh issue when ...
Toolbox Release Notes | Build 22.1.0712.641
The following Release Notes apply to Toolbox Build 22.1.0712.641 Workbook Designer Resolutions: Resolved an issue with Part Properties updating the wrong 2D Plan Token workbook cells. Resolved an issue with saving formula materials through Workbook ...
Microvellum Foundation Library Release Notes | Build 22.0625
The following release notes apply to Microvellum Foundation Library, Build 22.0625 Additions: Added Access Panel Subassembly (from legacy component library) Added the prompts "Extend Left Side To Floor" and "Extend Right Side To Floor" to all ...
Asking to Re-Activate Software on Start Up
If your license is current, but you keep getting the Activate Software window when starting up Toolbox, this is the fix. Instead of entering your serial number and password every time, go to your MV Toolbox icon on your desktop and Right-click then ... | <urn:uuid:68f23542-eb21-4623-8118-0ef480aa50a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.microvellum.com/portal/en/kb/articles/about-modifying-block-definitions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.869075 | 1,099 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Click Photo for Larger Version
Please read before you download
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View of the interior of a well-preserved Senate House—usually called a Bouleteurion but also called a Gerontikon (Council of Elders) at Nysa. The structure is almost square, with a semi-circular interior seating area. It had a capacity of about 700 people. Note the three main entrances on the south and the stairs that divide the seating area into four sections.
This version of the Bouleuterion was constructed in the second century AD. In the front was a two-story scaenae frons. | <urn:uuid:7a67c92b-60f5-4cab-b036-809e188d3216> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://holylandphotos.org/browse.asp?s=1,3,7,23,3724&img=TCSANYNY07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927063 | 190 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Austin has lost a culinary legend. Miguel Ravago, chef and co-founder of Fonda San Miguel, passed away at age 72 on Saturday, June 24, after a brief battle with lung cancer, the restaurant announced.
Born in January 1945 in Phoenix, Ravago learned authentic Mexican cooking from his family at a very young age, perfecting styles from Veracruz and Sonora. Ravago and longtime business partner Tom Gilliland began their journey as restaurateurs in 1972 with San Angel Inn in Houston, which operated for several years. The duo then opened Fonda San Miguel in 1975, one of the first establishments in Austin — and Texas — to focus on interior Mexican cuisine.
"Ravago will be terribly missed by those who knew him. At the same time, he will be remembered by the thousands of customers who have dined on the marvelous dishes he created for one of the most significant restaurants in Texas," reads a statement.
Chief accomplishments during his decades-long career included cooking at the James Beard House in New York and publishing two cookbooks, Cocina de la Familia and Fonda San Miguel: Thirty Years of Food and Art.
Later in life, Ravago lived in Spain and England with his spouse, Phillipe Mercier. But he "maintained his role at Fonda San Miguel with regular visits back to Austin and daily interaction with the Fonda kitchen and his Fonda family," states a release.
The public is invited to a celebration honoring Ravago on July 2 at 5:30 pm at Fonda San Miguel, following the restaurant's regular Sunday brunch service. | <urn:uuid:80f10906-a8dc-453a-988c-d73844ab0ef6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://austin.culturemap.com/news/restaurants-bars/06-26-17-fonda-san-miguel-ravago-obituary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.97379 | 328 | 1.617188 | 2 |
The assassination of Arif Shahid is a big loss for the peace movement in Kashmir and will harm peace prospects.
The murder of nationalist leaders in Balochistan has unfortunately become a sad routine. However the news of the assassination of Arif Shahid, the most important figure of Pakistan’s Kashmiri independence movement and widely respected chairman of the All Parties National Alliance which opposes the Pakistani occupation of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, came as a big shock.
According to reports by the Pakistani press, Shahid was arrested after a meeting with Held Kashmir, an NGO supporting peace in the region, and released after protest against his imprisonment. Soon after he would be murdered in front of his home on May 13, in a scenario that closely resembles the pattern of elimination of Balochi leaders followed by intelligence agencies.
Like many other Kashmiris, Shahid advocated for the unification and independence of the divided former principality of Jammu and Kashmir but he also strongly championed for the rights of the people of Gilgit-Baltistan. Gilgit-Baltistan was originally part of the Jammu & Kashmir principality. A mostly mountainous area, adjacent to the one occupied by China after the Indian-Chinese war of 1962, it was ceded by Pakistan to China. The remaining part was transformed recently into the new province of Gilgit-Baltistan, and the Pakistani controlled former principality became Azad Kashmir.
Kashmir National Party leaders have strongly condemned the murder:
“The deceased leader was a true Kashmiri and throughout his life he struggled against those who occupied his motherland. He was a brave soldier of struggle of unification and independence of forcibly divided Jammu and Kashmir.”
It is unlikely that the murder of the most prominent figure of Kashmiri nationalism in Pakistan could have been done without the consent of Pakistan’s highest “de facto” authorities and it sends a very negative message on the prospects for peace in this country.
Pakistan has been strongly sponsoring the cause of separation of the Jammu and Kashmir province from India. It has been doing so under a pure Islamist agenda, under the assumption that Muslim majority countries or regions – such as the former principality of Jammu and Kashmir – cannot be governed by infidels.
The apparent truce between Pakistani authorities and the Kashmiri nationalist movement could not last, as the objectives of both are mutually exclusive. By deciding to open this new front of hostilities, Pakistan’s military leadership sends a chilling message to the country and to the international community.
For all of those who thought this time we would see power devolved to a civilian government, the message is loud and clear: the so-called national issue will be kept tightly in the hands of the military structure, and it is to be tackled the way it has been for decades: by eliminating nationalist elites.
Whereas in Turkey, authorities seem to have at last come to the notion of the need to respect different national identities, nothing of the sort seems to be happening in Pakistan.
And yet, as it was widely demonstrated in history, totalitarian ideologies cannot suppress the identities of people, even when they use the most extreme and shameful strategies, like the physical elimination of cultural and political elites.
The assassination of Arif Shahid is a big loss for the peace movement in Kashmir and will render yet more troublesome the prospects for this unstable region of the world. The international community should send a clear sign of regret and disapproval of such an act. | <urn:uuid:9b6e24c0-37c3-4d3e-a1cd-e1e2d79f4732> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sadf.eu/arif-shahid-murder-harms-kashmir-peace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.963674 | 709 | 2.078125 | 2 |
It’s fun to grow perennials from seed. And besides, it’s bright! You can have more of them and a far greater variety at a meager cost. Of course, raising perennials from seed takes a little more care than it does to set a purchased plant in the ground. But to a natural gardener, that too conies under the heading of fun.
The beginner will probably choose seeds of perennials that he already knows, which is what he should do. When he has succeeded, he may try more unusual kinds, moving by easy stages from the known to the unknown—adventuring as he grows in experience, skill, and horticultural knowledge.
Some seeds require or prefer a reasonably long exposure to low soil temperature. These kinds may be started in early spring while the ground is still cool enough to make conditions suitable. When grown from seed, lilies quite definitely fall into this group.
Other perennials with similar germination requirements or preferences (there is a difference) are irises, liatris, dictaninus, aconitunt, helleborus, penstenum, primula, saxifraga, hardy geranium, trollius, eremurus, hardy chrysanthemum, azalea, anemone, alstroemeria, allium and, to a somewhat lesser degree, also armeria, gentian, and aquilegia.
Low Soil Temperature Needed?
Throughout the group, there is a variation in the degree of low soil temperature needed. Hellehorus, dictamnus, and aconituni will grow only if temperatures remain low for some weeks after sowing, while gentian, armeria, and aquilegia will often grow well sowings are made as late as June or, in the case of aquilegia, even well into summer.
But, just the same, these seem to prefer the cooler weather of early spring, and they get off to a better start when sown so they can take advantage of it. The other species listed grade their degree of preference for cool soil from helleborus, which requires a long period of cool soil to aquilegia.
Early spring sowings may be made in a cold frame, but good results may also be had from seeds sown directly in open ground seedbeds. If care is used, open ground sowings may give better results. The advantage of a cold frame is the protection it provides from hard, beating, washing rains—a point may be of great importance in some parts of the country.
It is usually easier to shade the planting with a frame when necessary, although this is seldom required with early spring sowings. A possible disadvantage is that the glass is likely to be left on when it should be off, thus raising air and soil temperatures beyond what is desired and perhaps drying out the seedbed.
Sowing Seeds In An Open Ground
For open ground sowing, it is not advisable to plant the seed where the perennials are finally to stand. That method is likely to result only in loss of roots, tempers, and confidence in sources of supply. The best way is to prepare a seedbed in some sheltered corner of the garden that is not shaded by trees; a bed 30″ inches wide is easy to work.
The spot should be well-spaded and broken up, so the soil is acceptable without lumps. Either compost or manure is then mixed in thoroughly. Commercial pulverized sheep or cow manure will do if another waste is unavailable.
If your soil is on the lean side, or if the quantity of compost or stable manure is small, a light application of any commercial fertilizer may also be made, but be sure not to overdo it. Too much can burn the roots of your seedlings.
Soil fertility has little effect on seed germination, but it depends on how vigorously the seedlings grow afterward. On the other hand, the texture or condition of the soil may have much to do with the percentage and speed of germination.
Soil should be friable so that it will barely hold together when a damp handful, not a soaked one, is squeezed. Neither a heavy, sticky clay soil nor a very light loam will give just the right conditions for a seedbed.
Some seeds will germinate well in such soils. Still, the most satisfactory returns from a wider variety of sources will come in soil reasonably good in texture and fertility.
Soil Good Texture and Fertility Give Best Seed Germination
Applications of compost, well mixed in, make a light soil heavier and a heavy soil more lightweight and more workable. Compost adds humus, directly usable plant food, and a certain amount of fiber that prevents packing and crusting.
This increases the water-holding capacity of the soil and, paradoxically, by loosening naturally heavy soils and promoting better drainage after rains.
All these returns will also come from the use of well-rotted stable manure. Although it adds little fertility, peat will do much the same work. Some commercial peats are acidic, but a little time will correct this. Many of the commercial peats will require no correction when used moderately.
Be very sure the soil is deeply worked and the fertilizer Well mixed with it. If one wishes, the bed may be slightly raised above the garden surface, but this is not necessary unless surface drainage is poor.
Sowing Seeds in Pots and Pans
When seeds are sown in pots or seed pans under glass, the seeds are usually broadcast or scattered over the surface, but sowings made in larger containers, such as flats or seedboxes, will be more easily handled if sown in rows. Our work uses flats of 14” by 20″ inch surface dimensions, sowing seeds across the flat, usually nine or sometimes ten rows to the flat.
If seeds are sown somewhat thinly in the row, most of the hardy perennials can be left, if desired, for one full year of growth in the flat, from sowings so spaced. Be sure that a flat of 4″ inch depth is used if you plan on leaving perennials for an entire year in the flat.
The 4″ inch soil depth is needed to ensure proper root growth. Flats 3″ inches deep are satisfactory for starting annual flowers or solid and quick-growing perennials, such as hollyhock or delphinium, which are left in the flat for only a few weeks or months.
So far as spring sowings of perennials are concerned, the advantages of flats over direct sowing in the soil of cold frames are not significant. Still, there may be some slight advantage to those with little spare time, for sowings in fiats can be made under shelter on rainy days or during the evening, the flats later being placed in the cold-frame.
Plants That Are Grown in Flats
Also, plants grown in flats are likely to be more complicated and have a better, more dense growth of roots than those produced from direct sowings in the soil of frames. This gives them an advantage when transplanted, for there will be less shock and retardation due to the moving.
When sowings are made directly in the soil of cold frames or open ground seedbeds, it is usual to space the seedling rows about 4 inches apart, the rows running across the beds. A 4″ inch spacing allows room for using a weeder between the rows and gives space for good quick growth of the seedlings.
The actual sowing of seed may be from the corner of an envelope, shaking or tapping the envelope gently to give even flow. There are also several small seed-sowing gadgets on the market that work well in providing even seed distribution.
The experienced gardener, though, is likely to use only his fingers. In finger-sowing, a certain skill can hardly be acquired through directions, but each person will naturally work out their own best system with the tune.
The main thing is, do not sow too thickly or cover too profoundly. There can be no rule of thumb, for the proper depth is a case of gauging and balancing soil, seed, season, and weather. For most seeds in good friable soil, a depth of perhaps three times the seed’s diameter will work outright, but in light soils, the depth may be more significant; in heavy soils, less.
Maybe the best way to open rows is by using a planting stick, just a thin narrow board or even a lath, sharpened on one edge and pressed into the soil to open a furrow of even depth. Be sure the row is well firmed down after sowing, so the soil particles will directly contact the seeds.
Don’t be too impatient about germination. Certain seeds will come up quickly and strongly within a few days after sowing, but others may require several weeks, a few kinds even months, before germination should be expected.
In general, the types that like cool soil conditions and need early sowing will take longer by their natures than those upon which late spring or summer sowing is suggested, but there are exceptions. Of course, if you sow a heat-loving kind in early spring when you should be sowing only those that prefer cool soil, you must expect delayed germination or perhaps no germination at all.
Spring Watering Is Necessary
Watering an open ground seedbed is not often necessary, so far as early sowings are concerned, but adequate watering must be done in a spring drought. Effective watering is the kind that soaks the dry upper layers of the soil down fur enough so that contact is made with the under the soil, which is still naturally moist.
Of course, the watering must be done slowly and carefully enough so that the soil covering the seeds is not washed away. A surface wetting will not do. Don’t water at all unless you can do an excellent job. Several waterings may be needed with late spring and summer sowings in dry seasons.
Early sown beds will require shading only in years of swift hot springs, but summer sowings will usually be the better for a bit of shade. A lath screen placed a foot or more above the bed is perhaps most effective, a screen with spaces between the laths equal to their width. Single layers of burlap or heavy cheesecloth tacked to frames are sometimes used for seedbed shading.
The function of the shade is to temper the heat of the sun, thus cooling the soil a bit. Even the heat-loving seeds can have too much heat. The shade also helps to conserve moisture by lessening evaporation, and it will tend to keep down crabgrass in case seeds of that weed are in the soil.
The shading helps both before germination and afterward during the early growth of the seedlings, but when the seedlings are once well established and have struck out with a good root system, the shading may well be removed.
Also, during any considerable cold, cloudy or rainy weather, either before or after germination, lake off all shades. Shades left on during that kind of weather are likely to increase damage from molds, fungi, or bacterial rots, and they may give conditions favorable to the growth of moss. Scanty germination of seeds is likely in any bed once mussed over.
Keep The Seedbed Free of Weeds
Catch the weeds when they are small, and do the catching often. Don’t let weeds steal your seedlings’ fertility, moisture, and space. Weeding can begin before the seedlings germinate. Indeed it should start long before your seeds are sown, a year or more before, for the seedbed should be put in a position that has been made relatively free of weeds.
The seedbed can be sterilized two weeks before sowing with chloropicrin or tear gas if one wants to carry this further. This will destroy most kinds of weed seeds but unfortunately not all kinds, and it will also kill slugs, grubs, wireworms, and the like, and perhaps lessen the chances of damage from fungous diseases. Chloropicrin is available for horticultural use under various trade names.
Planting Perennials at Different Times of the Year
Sowing perennial seeds of different kinds can be a continuous operation throughout the year, except for the period from late September into early November. By the middle of November, sowings of the kinds that require a long period of low soil temperatures may begin throughout the winter and into early spring with those that need only a shorter low soil temperature.
By late spring, the range of perennial species that should or may be sown has significantly widened. In May and early June, one may still sow aquilegia, allium, armeria, chrysopsis, hardy geranium, and even liatris, gentian, and the easier primulas, and along with these the very many additional kinds for which late spring is, in the year of average weather, the ideal sowing season.
Try late spring sowing for alyssum, arabis, aubrieta, polemonium, erodium, asclepias, baptisia, titermopsis, callirhoe, potentilla, anthericum, tradescantia, cassia, cerastium, thalictrum, viola, elsholtzia, genii’. mertensia, gillenia, isatis, silene, lysimachia and lythrum.
These are but a few of many, and while May (and early June) is their preferred sowing season, most of them may still be sown in summer with good results providing attention is paid to shading. They join the rather large group of perennials that quite definitely desire summer sowing.
Perennials sown in early or late spring will be large enough for transplanting to their more or less permanent positions by early autumn. Still, they can remain in the seedbed without damage until the following spring if that happens to be a more convenient season for handling them.
Large perennials may be moved with good results until quite late in autumn, but first-year seedlings that have not made deep roots should be transplanted early enough to still be a few weeks of good growing weather before the ground freezes to root depth. Give the young plants a chance to get their root anchors down in the new position. It will save a lot of winter damage.
You can have summer damage, too. This happened when the plants were moved too early while the days were still hot. Then the sun pumps moisture out of the transplanted seedlings faster than the root system can replace it, for it is necessarily damaged and shortened in transplanting.
In Philadelphia, it is usually safe to move young, spring-sown perennials from mid-September to late October, but that won’t necessarily hold for other regions or even here. Don’t be bound by dates in this or any other garden operation.
Instead, in planning your work, judging by the weather of individual tile season in your particular area. Summer-sown seedlings, in any case, and rarely large enough for safe autumn moving. Better defer transplanting them until the following spring, fairly early then, though, if you want a reasonably good flower display that season.
When late autumn comes, and the ground begins to freeze, it is wise to protect any beds containing seedling perennials with generous mulching of straw, salt hay, corn stalks, evergreen boughs, or other coarse litter that will not mat down.
The object of this protection is to keep the ground frozen and prevent the destruction of seedlings by heaving. It is alternate freezing and thawing that damages young plants that have not yet struck down strong anchoring roots below the frost line.
This freezing and thawing process, actually an alternate expansion and contraction of the soil, gradually works the plants, seeds, and all, out above the surface where the sun and cold wind will complete the destruction.
Perennials with relatively large smooth short roots are most likely to be injured by winter heaving. This includes platycodon, eremurus, hibiscus, scutelaria, callirhoe, and aquilegia. These full winter hardy once established and beyond the seedling stage, not needing any protection then. Loose mulching that will catch the snow is most likely to be satisfactory.
Leaves are riot too good, for they often mat down as they decay to a soggy mass that may cause rotting of plant crowns, but leaves of poplars, buttonwood, and tulip-tree (Liriodentiron) are less likely to cause damage than are those of oak or maple. Remember that winter mulch protection will harm if it is left on in spring after new growth has started.
44659 by Rex D. Pearce | <urn:uuid:a0221315-ebf3-4452-8630-1e665ef13015> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bestplants.com/raise-hardy-perennials-seed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.938655 | 3,544 | 3 | 3 |
Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies is the nomero uno that appears to many people’s thought when it arrives to a delightul dish. Today, we are going to tell you steps on cooking a comforting Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies.
We hope you got benefit from reading it, now let’s go back to dairy free vegan chocolate chip cookies recipe. To cook dairy free vegan chocolate chip cookies you need 9 ingredients and 0 steps. Here is how you cook that.
Firstly, here are the ingridients that you should prepare to cook Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies:
- Use 2 1/2 cups of all-purpose flour.
- Provide 1 cup of vegetable shortening.
- Provide 2/3 cup of dark brown sugar.
- Take 2/3 cup of sugar or sugar substitute.
- Prepare 6 Tbsp of JUST Egg plant-based egg.
- Take 1 Tsp of baking soda.
- You need 1/2 Tsp of salt.
- Use 1 Tsp of vanilla extract.
- Get 1 cup of vegan chocolate chips.
After preparing the ingridients, now we are set to make our yummy Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies:
Welcome to the plantified version of my famous cookies! Mint Chocolate Brownie Cookies featuring a fudgy grain-free batter and fluffy vegan buttercream frosting for a decadent but healthy dessert! Dairy-free of course with vegan butter and almond milk, naturally colored with matcha instead of food coloring, and lightly mint flavored (or skip it if you're not. Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies Recipe By Wood and Spoon Blog by Kate Wood. These cookies are soft, chewy and perfect for the fall season thanks to the cinnamon and nutmeg.
Recipe : Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies
Pinto beans Great vision and along side vitamin A could improve And additionally, it comprises a lot of vitamin C and beta- Comprises 853 M G of potassium, that is not quite Nearly twice the suggested dose. Half of a melon Cup of onions offers 61 calories, 0%, and 3 Tomato Spinach contains carotenoids that can help fend Crab Which help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Twice as much as a banana, that helps to lessen 166 calories, 14 grams of fat, and over 2 grams of The following is a list of the healthiest foods that grams of fiber. Of fiber. Skimmilk The eyes. An Individual apricot Comprises 17 calories, 1 gram of fiber. Crab Is a Superb source of vitamin B 12 and immunity Seafood Anti oxidant will assist in preventing arthritis and
Protects you against heart disease. Half Acup Vegetables Salmon Peanuts Lettuce are excellent sources of omega3 fatty acids, 0 fat, also one gram of fiber. You can consume them Spinach Dried or tender. Boost your immunity system. Onions 84 calories, 1 gram of fat, and 0 fiber. A medium sized mango packs 57 MG of vitamin C, Heart disease by 20 per cent. One ounce contains Boosting zinc. A 3 ounce serving of crab provides 4 g of fat, and 0 g. Blood pressure. Half a melon Includes 9-7 calories, Of blindness in older people. One cup comprises Which is almost your full daily dose. This A3 ounce portion of salmon Comprises 127 calories, Percentage of your daily folate requirement, which Off macular degeneration, which is a major cause Grains, beans, and nuts carotene. One cup of sliced broccoli comprises Broccoli You’re able to get. This Can Help You get an idea as A half reduction of pinto beans provides more than 25 Cantaloupes comprise 117 GG of vitamin C, which is All Coldwater fish like salmon, mackerel, and Comprises 103 calories, 1 gram of fat, and 6 g Apricots allergies. You also get vitamin D as Peanuts and other nuts may Decrease Your risk of well. And colon cancers by 50 percent if you take in one daily. Cantaloupe A tomato may help reduce the risk of gut, gut,
Fiber. A tomaton Includes 26 calories, 0 fat, and only Mango Broccoli can help protect against breast cancer, Skimmilk Provides vitamin B 2, which will be important for A onion can help protect against cancer. A Prevent radical damage and also can help to protect Apricots contain Beta-carotene that helps to Fiber. Fruits To that which foods would be the best for your body. 7 calories, 0 fat, and 1 gram of fiber.
After seeing this instruction, now you are near enough to be able to produce your first amazing Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies and be a chunck of the few people that are able to make the special Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies. If you hope that your families are also able to serve a remarkable Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies or even to make the extra delicious Dairy Free Vegan Chocolate Chip Cookies for you, dont doubt to share this site to them. | <urn:uuid:75e4a279-0305-4cba-a41b-513646fc1c4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gikitchen.net/1583-15-minutes-to-cooking-perfect-dairy-free-vegan-chocolate-chip-cookies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.900761 | 1,038 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Sweet potato snack
SGT Brandon Koontz
Ready for an easy on the go snack that packs tons of nutrients and requires little prep time? Try a raw sweet potato! That’s right, RAW! Simply peel, (or don’t peel) and eat. A raw sweet potato has the texture of a carrot, and tastes similar too, but with a little extra sweetness. Traditional cooking tends to cook out some of those nutrients we seek from the food we eat, and that holds true with our beloved sweet potatoes. Be ready for sustained energy and great nutrition! Be sure to wash your sweet potato!
Sweet potatoes do not contain the same amount of resistant starch as white potatoes. Uncooked white potatoes may cause digestive upset. Green or sprouted white potatoes should not be eaten. | <urn:uuid:81e6ca64-4806-4246-8413-9a7752f66327> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fitpdotblog.wordpress.com/2018/06/04/nutrition-tip-of-the-week-sweet-potatoes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.882476 | 162 | 1.734375 | 2 |
If your New Year’s resolution was to prioritize your health in 2021 you should start by scheduling your mammogram. New research confirmed, once again, that mammography saves lives.
We’ve known for a long time that mammography screening catches breast cancer in its earliest stages while its still treatable.
However, there was some debate on whether mammography primarily caught small growing non-fatal cancers while failing to reduce the number of cancers diagnosed at a later stage.
Recently, new data from a Swedish study published online in Cancer, confirmed findings from an earlier study indicating that mammography reduces the rate of both advanced and fatal cancer.
The European study followed a cohort of nearly 550,000 women who were eligible for mammography screening.
The researchers found that there was a 41 % reduction in the risk of dying within 10 years of a breast cancer diagnosis and a 25% reduction in the number of advanced cases of the disease when compared to women who did not have mammography screening.
“This study shows that participation in breast cancer screening substantially reduces the risk of having a fatal breast cancer,” study co-author Stephen Duffy, of Queen Mary University of London, said in a journal news release.
If you postponed your mammogram in 2020 due to the pandemic, don’t hold off another day. At Bergen Imaging Center, we make it easy to help you keep your resolution. Call or email today (201-568-4242) and make breast cancer screening your top priority in the New Year.
Reviewed and approved by Dr. Christopher Petti on 1/14/2021 | <urn:uuid:b1a43822-e131-438b-975d-4e5d691a1435> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bergenimagingcenter.com/mammography-reduces-risk-for-fatal-breast-cancers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.958275 | 332 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Our Fish and Fowl Management Efforts
The best resource we have for understanding the fish in Kangaroo Lake is to review the DNR’s fish surveys historically conducted every four years. The latest was done in 2018. You can find all fish surveys in our Learning Center under DNR Fish Surveys.
Special Walleye Bag Limit and Size
It is important to be familiar with Wisconsin’s fishing regulations. Please note: there is a special minimal size of 18 inches and bag limit of three for walleye in Kangaroo Lake, beyond the standard State of Wisconsin size and limits (Administrative code NR 20.20 (15)(d)). This is to help the walleye population through enabling more fish achieve breeding age.
Kangaroo Lake Dam
The Kangaroo Lake Dam on the south end of the lake (map) as built in 1937 by the W.P.A. It is a spillway dam, as excess water overflows into Hein's Creek and flows into Lake Michigan. In 1970, the KLA was instrumental in raising the dam 4 inches and installing a dam (carp) barrier screen that needs to be cleaned off periodically, especially in spring. When the level of the lake is low, there is no water running over the dam. In 1970 KLA was instrumental in raising the dam 4 inches and installing a dam (carp) barrier screen that needs to be cleaned off periodically, especially in spring. See pictures and History of the Lake for more information.
In 2014 we received a grant to help our shorelines - the Shoreline Preservation & Restoration Planning and Action Grant (2014-2017). We have completed our work on our three-year project. Here is the report from that grant: Final Fish Stick Project Report - 2017
Here is some information on the plan we had in 2014 and the work that was done to complete the project: WDNR Scott Van Egeren's Presentation on Shoreline Preservation, July 2014
Tom Schneider produced a Fish Stick Brochure tat was distributed to members that were interested in placing Fish Sticks on their shoreline.
FishSticks: Activities and Education - Here are some good educational and reference links
- YouTube clip on "FishSticks"
- WI DNR Website: Fishsticks
- WI DNR 'Best Practices' for Fishsticks
- Press Coverage of first seven installations on February 14, 2015
- Fish Stick Installation 2016
- Press Release - February 2016
- Press Coverage of the second 15 installation on February 20, 2016: Link to Press Coverage
- FishSticks: 2017 Activities and Education - Click here.
- WI DNR Brochure on Shoreline Preservation - The Water's Edge
In 1966, the Kangaroo Lake Association installed 22 fish cribs in the lake. Between 2002-2007, the KLA with the DNR’s approval, installed 31 more cribs at depths of 9 feet south of the island. See Map, the construction and installation of the fish cribs into Kangaroo Lake links, and KLA Grants and Projects for more information.
Special Challenges for Game Fish ecology
During recent decades, Kangaroo Lake has been undergoing ecological changes. Beneficial aquatic plants have declined in both density and diversity. The bulrush patches of the lake have deteriorated so that a majority of the remaining patches are located in the protected portions of the lake. Two different types of algae are now becoming prevalent on the shores of the south basin. The lake’s water clarity is of concern due to the loss of aquatic plants that normally serve to absorb phosphorus. The lake is moving from a game fish lake to a pan fish lake. Eurasian Water Milfoil has definitely established itself, and the lake has been added to the watch list for Zebra Mussels. VHS (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia) is a fish disease somewhat recently found in fish of the Great Lakes including Lake Michigan and we must be vigilant in our efforts to prevent this disease from entering Kangaroo Lake.
Kangaroo Lake is being significantly impacted by the swirling thrust of motors and hull wash which are disturbing the lake bottom and uprooting the shallowly-rooted aquatic plants. The disturbed bottom may then be further disturbed by wind and wave activity. These actions are adversely altering the lake’s ability to maintain a healthy homeostasis and support its game fish population. Kangaroo Lake is rapidly losing its fundamental aquatic plants that are the only natural barrier to the Eurasian Water Milfoil. | <urn:uuid:c56348ae-557c-43ff-b274-f068d8d84b3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kangaroolake.org/fish-fowl-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945241 | 936 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Pudding recipes include different kinds of desserts made with chocolate, rice, bread and fruits etc. The today meaning of Pudding is specifically a dessert. However, earlier it used to represent savory dishes particularly those which involve a process similar to make sausages. The first pudding of the world was made by mixing different ingredients with a binder product like butter, eggs, flour or cereal. Puddings are prepared either by steaming, boiling or baking process.
Puddings are sweet desserts. KFoods offers various kinds of pudding recipes with pictures for you to make and enjoy. Find all kinds of pudding and dessert recipes including rice puddings, fruit puddings, almond, chocolate and bread puddings. Pick your favorite recipe from the puddings brought to you by KFoods.
Mainly puddings are served as an after-meal dessert however sometimes it can be used as a main course meal depending on the ingredients. It is believed that in 18th and 19th centuries, puddings were used as a main course meal on the Royal Navy ships. Filled steamed pies, enclosed with a suet pastry are also a type of puddings.
Find recipes of puddings at KFoods.com which are recommended by well-known chefs of Pakistan. Learn to make delicious puddings with authentic recipes by Chef Rida, Chef Bajias, Chef Zehra, Chef Shireen Anwar and many other chefs of Pakistan. Enjoy the sweetness!
What is Pudding?
Pudding is either a dessert or a savoury food found in almost all cuisines of the world. The term "pudding" came from French boudin which refers to "small sausage". In Commonwealth countries, pudding refers to custards and gelatin based jellies. Puddings also refer to various kinds of desserts such as bread or rice pudding.
From thousands of puddings eaten in world, KFoods.com offers a decent range of Pakistani Indian pudding recipes with pictures and easy to understand instructions. Prepare delicious puddings at home for your kids and family. | <urn:uuid:31b161ef-0760-4560-bd55-c7cc7f86cd43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kfoods.com/desserts_recipes/pudding-recipe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968315 | 437 | 2.296875 | 2 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Diagnostic accuracy of reused Pronto Dry® test and CLOtest® in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection
BMC Gastroenterology volume 15, Article number: 101 (2015)
Unchanged substrate in a negative rapid urease test may be reused to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This could potentially reduce costs and wastage in low prevalence and resource-poor settings. We thus aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of reused Pronto Dry® and CLOtest® kits, comparing this to the use of new Pronto Dry® test kits and histopathological evaluation of gastric mucosal biopsies.
Using a cross-sectional study design, subjects who presented for upper endoscopy due to various non-emergent causes had gastric biopsies obtained at three adjacent sites. Biopsy samples were tested for H. pylori using a reused Pronto Dry® test, a reused CLOtest®, a new Pronto Dry® test and histopathological examination. Concordance rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy were then determined.
A total of 410 subjects were recruited. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of reused Pronto Dry® tests were 72.60 % (95 % CI, 61.44 – 81.51) and 94.15 % (95 % CI, 91.44 – 96.04) respectively. For reused CLOtests®, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy were 93.15 % (95 % CI 85.95 – 97.04) and 98.29 % (95 % CI 96.52 – 99.17) respectively. There were more true positives for new and reused Pronto Dry® pallets as compared to new and reused CLOtests® when comparing colour change within 30 min vs. 31–60 min (P < 0.001 and P = 0.7 respectively).
Negative Pronto Dry® and CLOtest® kits may be reused in a low prevalence setting where cost issues remain paramount. Reused CLOtest® kits have better accuracy than reused Pronto Dry® tests. Reused Pronto Dry® tests however have a more rapid colour change whilst maintaining diagnostic accuracy.
Since its identification in 1982 by Barry Marshall and Robyn Warren, the flagellated Gram-negative bacilli Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been recognised as the predisposing factor for gastroduodenal diseases, particularly peptic ulcer disease, gastric malignancies and B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas [1–3]. Due to the availability of commercial test kits as well as solutions prepared in-house, the rapid urease test (RUT) has been widely used for the detection of H. pylori, with reported studies indicating high sensitivity (95–98 %) and specificity (92–100 %) [4–7]. RUT assays exploit the fact that H. pylori produces large amounts of urease, which hydrolyses urea to ammonia thus enabling the organism to survive in a low pH environment [8, 9].
Theoretically, unchanged substrate in a negative RUT may be used again to test for the presence of H. pylori in a new gastric biopsy sample. This has been shown to be true for CLOtest® pallets, where some studies have concluded that diagnostic accuracy is maintained despite being reused up to 6 months from the initial test application [10–14]. The CLOtest® has a urea gel capsule that changes colour over time in the presence of specimens that contain H. pylori, whilst the Pronto Dry® kit consists of a dry filter paper that contains urea and an indicator that detects a rise in pH of specimens that are H. pylori positive. The main advantages of using Pronto Dry® over CLOtest® kits in the detection of H. pylori is the fact that Pronto Dry® kits may be stored at room temperature, with no need to incubate the applied specimen in a warm environment thus offering quicker results. There is also a linear correlation between the histological grading of H. pylori stomach mucosal colonisation density with the Pronto Dry® graded colour change index. In comparison to the various studies done on the reuse of CLOtest® kits, there is a paucity of information in the literature on the ability of reused Pronto Dry® tests to detect the presence of H. pylori. Bearing in mind the issue of potential cost-savings and reduction in wastage especially in a resource-poor setting, we thus sought to assess the diagnostic accuracy of re-using negative Pronto Dry® test and CLOtest® kits in comparison to H. pylori detection using new Pronto Dry® test kits as well as histological methods.
This cross-sectional study was performed from March 2008 to June 2010 in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian. Kelantan. This is a tertiary referral centre and a teaching hospital located at the northeastern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Inclusion criteria were subjects aged 18 and above who presented for upper GI endoscopy due to investigation of upper abdominal symptoms or suspected gastric pathology. Exclusion criteria were subjects who had recently taken antibiotics, bismuth salts and/or proton pump inhibitors within 2 weeks of their endoscopy date, were pregnant, had overt upper GI bleeding as well as those who could not tolerate upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination.
Eligible participants were provided with an information sheet that contained relevant details of the study. A verbal explanation was also provided and informed consent obtained. Following this, clinical and demographic details of participants were recorded. Participants would then undergo upper GI endoscopy as per standard protocol, where after adequate endoscopic examination gastric biopsies would then be obtained for assessment of H. pylori infection. Four separate biopsies, each measuring approximately 2 – 3 mm were obtained using the same biopsy forceps from the same adjacent gastric area for H. pylori testing using a new Pronto Dry® kit, a reused Pronto Dry® kit, a reused CLOtest® as well as for histopathology assessment. Histological examination was performed by pathologists who were blinded to study outcomes where H. pylori was reported to be either present or absent. Relevant histological details were reported using the Sydney classification.
Approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC), Universiti Sains Malaysia (Ref.: USMKK/PPP/JEPeM [200.4(2.5)]).
New and reused Pronto Dry® kits
The new as well as reused Pronto Dry® kits for this study were produced by Medical Instruments Corporation, France; and reused pallets that were used in this study varied from an interval period of 1–28 weeks after the first negative interpretation. Both new and reused Pronto Dry® kits were stored at room temperature (20–25 °C). There was no special precaution taken prior to using a new Pronto Dry® kit, however for a reused Pronto Dry® kit (i.e. no colour change at 1 h after the first use), the date of first use was noted prior to applying the second specimen adjacent to the previous tissue biopsy sample. The test kits were read at 1, 10, 15, and 30 min, then 1, 12 and 24 h, with the time taken for a positive result for each test kit recorded.
Reused CLOtest® kits
The reused CLOtest® in this study was manufactured by Ballard Medical Products, Utah, USA. A reused CLOtest® was one that had been used once previously but with a negative result after 24 h. The time interval between initial use and reuse of the pallets ranged from 1 to 24 weeks. These kits were stored in the refrigerator at 5 °C whilst awaiting reuse. The label for a reused kit was lifted far enough to expose the yellow gel to room temperature before second usage. For quicker test results, we allowed the gel to reach room temperature between 7 and 10 min prior to inserting the new biopsy specimen.
Data and statistical analysis
Sample size was calculated based on sensitivity and specificity of reused CLOtest® kits in a study by Lee et al. . For a study power of 80 % and α of 0.05, 369 subjects were needed. Another 10 % was added to account for possible attrition, giving a final number of 410 subjects. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Ver. 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA), as well as OpenEpi Ver. 2.3 was used for data entry and statistical analysis. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency with percentage and continuous data as mean with standard deviation (SD). For comparison purposes, H. pylori was considered present if either the new Pronto Dry® test or histology was positive and thus regarded as the ‘standard test’ in the current study. Performance of reused rapid urease tests vs. standard tests was assessed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy and likelihood ratio (LR) at 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Concordance between reused vs. new tests was assessed using the Kappa agreement test. A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered clinically significant.
A total of 410 participants who presented between March 2008 and June 2010 for upper GI endoscopic assessment were recruited into this study. There were 236 male and 174 female participants (57.6 and 42.4 % respectively), with a mean age of 54.1 ± 15.4 years. The majority of participants who underwent upper endoscopy was for investigation of recurrent dyspepsia (n = 205, 41.2 %), whilst 133 (32.4 %) underwent an endoscopic reassessment due to a previous episode of upper GI tract bleed. Upon histological examination, 244 (59.5 %) participants were reported to have chronic gastritis, 124 (30.2 %) with gastric ulcers, 121 (29.5 %) with duodenal ulcers and 119 (29 %) had erosive oesophagitis. Other findings included gastroduodenitis, uraemic gastropathy and oesophageal varices with one case of gastric carcinoma. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was low i.e. 17.8 % (73/410) based on either a positive new Pronto Dry® test kit (68/73) or histology (73/73).
Diagnostic accuracy of reused Pronto Dry® test
For reused Pronto Dry® test vs. standard test, 53 tested positive and 333 were negative. Thus the concordance rate of reused Pronto Dry® tests was 94 % (n = 386) with the remaining 24 (5.8 %) having discrepant results. The discrepant results were observed in 20 reused Pronto Dry® negative pallets (i.e. false negatives) and four in reused Pronto Dry® positive pallets (i.e. false positives). Therefore, the sensitivity and specificity of the reused Pronto Dry® test kits were 72.60 % (95 % CI 61.44 – 81.51) and 98.81 % (95 % CI 96.99 – 99.54). The PPV was 92.98 % (95 % CI 83.30 – 97.24) and NPV was 94.33 % (95 % CI 91.41 – 96.30) with a diagnostic accuracy of 94.15 % (95 % CI 91.44 – 96.04) (Table 1). While the LR of a positive reused test is good i.e. 61.17 (95 % CI 36.95 – 101.20), the LR of a negative test is low i.e. 0.27 (95 % CI 0.25 – 0.31). The kappa agreement between reused Pronto Dry® and standard test at 1 h was 0.78 (95 % CI, 0.69 – 0.88). The majority of the reused Pronto Dry® pallets that were positive for H. pylori (88.7 % or n = 47/53) took less than 30 min to change colour, with 11.3 % (n = 6/53) taking more than 30 min. In less than 30 min, 45 of new and reused Pronto Dry® pallets turned positive compared to 2 of new and reused pallets in 31 – 60 min; this was significantly different (P < 0.001) (Fig. 1).
Diagnostic accuracy of reused CLOtest®
For reused CLOtest® kits, 68 were reported as positive and 335 negative. The concordance rate was 98 % (n = 404) with 6 discrepant results, where 4 were observed in reused CLOtest® negative pallets (i.e. false negatives) and two in reused positive pallets (i.e. false positives). The sensitivity and specificity of reused CLOtest® kits were 93.15 % (95 % CI 84.95 – 97.04) and 99.41 % (95 % CI, 97.86 – 99.84) (Table 1). The PPV was 97.14 % (95 % CI 90.17 – 99.21) and NPV was 98.53 % (95 % CI 96.60 – 99.37) with a diagnostic accuracy of 98.29 % (95 % CI 96.52 – 99.17). The kappa agreement between reused CLOtest® vs. standard test at 24 h was 0.94 (95 % CI, 0.84 – 1.03). Most of the reused CLOtest® pallets took 31–60 min to change colour, indicating presence of H. pylori (44.1 % or 33/68 of the positive samples). For reused CLOtest® and new Pronto Dry® pallets, 17 became positive within 30 min whilst 12 took between 30 and 60 min. This however was not significantly different (P = 0.7) (Fig. 1).
Various methods of H. pylori detection, either invasive or non-invasive in nature are available with each of them having different diagnostic accuracies. There have been many studies comparing these detection methods to ensure superiority in terms of diagnostic accuracy and qualitative characteristics between them. Cost however is always an issue to be reflected upon, especially in resource-poor circumstances. As it costs approximately $6 for a new Pronto Dry® or CLOtest® kit, reusing negative kits may bring about substantial cost savings. In fact, VH Chong calculated that at a CLOtest® price of $5.72 per kit a potential cost saving of $2.45 per patient was achievable with maximal kit reuse. This translated to an annual cost savings of $2,941/year based on their patient population . Also, based on the fact that unaltered substrate that has not been consumed in a negative rapid urease test may be reused, studies were done to assess the feasibility of re-using CLOtest® pallets. Results were encouraging, proving that these reused pallets had a high diagnostic accuracy with the ability to be used repeatedly over a period of months following an initial negative CLOtest® result. To our knowledge however, there is no published data on the diagnostic accuracy and qualitative characteristics of reused Pronto Dry® kits.
In our cross-sectional study of 410 adults who underwent upper GI endoscopy in a non-emergent setting, we found that the overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was low at 17.8 % (73/410). This prevalence was based on the results of using either a new Pronto Dry® kit or a positive histology examination for H. pylori, and is slightly higher compared to results quoted by Gurjeet and Naing (prevalence of 13.5 %) but nevertheless reflecting the general prevalence of H. pylori infection in the northeastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia . In comparison, based on rapid urease tests a much higher prevalence of H. pylori infection (49.0 %) was recorded among dyspeptic Malaysians in highly developed Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia . This disparity in H. pylori prevalence has been noted before in multiple studies, but despite theories ascribing this to differences in ethnicity and genetics as well as related socioeconomic plus dietary factors, no definite answer has been found [19–22]. An exceptionally low prevalence of H .pylori as seen in this population may mean possible wastage (and associated high costs) if an RUT is used for each and every patient during endoscopy. Reusing these tests could therefore be a preferable choice in a low prevalence and low resource setting.
With regards to re-using rapid urease tests, earlier studies have shown that reused CLOtest® kits have similar sensitivity and specificity as compared to new ones [10, 12]. Our results support the validity of reusing CLO tests. On the other hand, reused Pronto Dry® had demonstrated a relatively lower sensitivity (72.60 %) in the detection of H. pylori, but specificity remained high at 98.81 %, with a diagnostic accuracy of 94.15 %. Several factors or limitations were identified that could have explained this difference in sensitivity for reused Pronto Dry® test. For instance, the time interval from initial use to re-use of the Pronto Dry® kit may have been too far apart, ranging from 7 days up to 7 months. Reagents may have deteriorated over this period, resulting in the high number of false negative results seen. At the same time due to the presence of the previous specimen there may be less media left for implantation on to the urea soaked paper of a reused Pronto Dry® test kit, leading to a poor chemical reaction. Alternatively there may be issues in sampling as H. pylori does not uniformly colonise the stomach lining causing varying population densities. Recent PPI use may also give a negative result; we however have excluded such patients from our study. Likelihood ratios (LR) may be used to compare between two diagnostic methods, and in our study (as stated in Table 1) there were good LR for positive reused Pronto Dry® and reused CLOtest® kits (61.17 and 157 respectively). As for the reused kits with negative results, LR for reused Pronto Dry® was 0.27 whilst for a reused CLOtest® this was 0.07 indicating that a reused CLOtest® was much better at indicating the absence of H. pylori.
Many factors affect the time taken for colour change in RUTs which include the urease testing process itself (warmed vs room temperature), bacterial load, biopsy location (antrum vs body), biopsy size as well as number of specimens [8, 23]. In our study 88 % of the positive reused Pronto Dry® pallets changed colour within 30 min, which was similar in duration to new Pronto Dry® tests. However, this was not the case with reused CLOtest®. Previous studies on the qualitative characteristic of new Pronto Dry® tests have been done , which showed that a new Pronto Dry® test offers a quicker diagnosis as compared to a new CLOtest® kit at 30 min with its chromatin grading correlating well with stomach mucosal H. pylori colonisation density. Hence we can conclude that the chemical in reused Pronto Dry® kits are still able to maintain their qualitative characteristics similar to a new test kit with regards to colour changing time of up to a seven month period. The same cannot be said for reused CLOtest® kits. Another main difference between reusing CLOtest® vs Pronto Dry® kits is the fact that the former needs to be in refrigerated storage prior to use, and then brought to room temperature prior to inserting the biopsy specimen. Pronto Dry® kits on the other hand have a practical advantage as it can be stored at room temperature and used immediately when needed. It must be cautioned though that a tropical climate might contribute to a more rapid deterioration of used Pronto Dry® and CLOtest® kits, as well as having a higher possibility of fungal growth and contamination.
Our study showed that reused Pronto Dry® test kits have a relatively lower diagnostic accuracy as compared to new Pronto Dry® test kits. Reused CLOtest® kits however were able to maintain its diagnostic accuracy. Plausible explanations or limitations for this study include a prolonged interval between initial use and reuse and a decreased media for specimen implantation. On the other hand, reused Pronto Dry® rather than CLOtest® offer a quicker diagnostic result despite being stored for a prolonged period. Therefore if accuracy is of concern a reused CLOtest® is preferable, alternatively a reused Pronto Dry® test may be a better choice for quick and reliable results.
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The authors wish to thank the subjects who were involved, as well as the staff of the Endoscopy Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for their assistance and contributions.
Elements of this study have been presented as a poster at the Asian Pacific Monothematic Meeting on Helicobacter pylori 2012, 13–15 January 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and published as a conference-related abstract: S Jamaludin, N Mustaffa, NA Che Hamzah, YY Lee. Reused CLOtest® Are Better Than Reused ProntoDry® in Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori Infection. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Volume:27, Supp 1, page 14. January 2012.
SJ carried out the study and drafted the initial manuscript. NM and NACH assisted in carrying out the study and drafting of the finalised manuscript. SHSAA participated in the design and coordination of the study. YYL conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, performed statistical analysis and helped to draft the finalised manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Jamaludin, S., Mustaffa, N., Che Hamzah, N.A. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of reused Pronto Dry® test and CLOtest® in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. BMC Gastroenterol 15, 101 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-015-0332-0
- Diagnostic Accuracy
- Positive Predictive Value
- Pylorus Infection
- Negative Predictive Value
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A hurricane which is currently swirling around the Atlantic could be set to bring strong winds and rain to the country.
Some forecasters are warning that Hurricane Leslie could surge in a north-easterly direction and arrive on these shores by the end of next week.
It is currently in the Bermuda area but is expected to steer clear of land for the next few days – picking up energy as it moves over warmer waters.
There is some uncertainty over its path, and it's unclear what impact it might have on Edinburgh at the moment, but it's been reported that wet and windy conditions could be experienced in the country.
So what are the weather experts saying?
Met Office chief forecaster Andy Page admitted earlier this week that it's still too early to tell the exact impact the hurricane could have on the UK – buy strong winds and rain are likely.
He told the Express: "Some models suggest Leslie will track south of the UK while others suggest it may move close to the UK by the end of next week.
"It is too early to tell the exact impact on the UK but it will most likely bring a spell of strong winds and rain – the type of weather associated with low-pressure systems at this time of year."
High waves and gusts above 75 mph could hit the parts of the east coast of the USA in the more immediate future, and experts predict the storm will likely weaken before arriving in the UK.
However moisture could be drawn up by the system as it moves across the ocean, leading to some unsettled weather closer to home.
A spokesperson for The Weather Channel added: "There has been a lot of uncertainty in the forecast for next week with computer models struggling to resolve the track of Hurricane Leslie.
"Latest models take the remnants of Leslie into northwest Europe with a push of warmer air from the south across western and central Europe. However there still remains time for the forecasts to chance once again."
Leslie is the 12th named system during the US hurricane season, and it comes less than a month after Storm Ali caused disruption throughout the capital.
A number of city centre roads were closed off while the Queensferry Crossing and Forth Road Bridge were disrupted, along with train services in the capital.
Keep a close eye on Edinburgh Live in the coming days as we provide more updates on the possible arrival of Hurricane Leslie. | <urn:uuid:6c111d86-52c8-4007-8531-396dadd95970> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edinburghlive.co.uk/news/edinburgh-news/hurricane-leslie-currently-swirling-around-15235924 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975672 | 482 | 1.835938 | 2 |
When you’re managing a project, having an effective risk management plan in place is essential. Not only will an effective plan protect your people from unnecessary risk, it will ensure that you remain compliant and are doing your best to keep your workplace safe.
In emergencies, a risk management plan can stop things escalating and getting out of hand, as well as putting your mind at ease prior to an incident occurring. Take a look at how to create a risk management plan for your project in our handy article.
What Risks Could Take Place?
The first stage of any risk management plan is assessing what could actually happen. Once you’re more aware of the risks that are present, you can start to plan and prepare for them. Sometimes this process takes thought, as risks can be quite hidden. However, ensuring that you know what series of events could be putting your business at risk is a sure fire way to minimise them.
To uncover the risks that your business faces, there are some questions you need to ask yourself, and your staff. These are:
- What might happen in this environment?
The environment is often one of the most common areas of risk. Take into account what your people have to do within the work environment and identify any dangerous areas where risk could be heightened.
- Who would be at risk?
If something were to happen, who could be at risk and how are they protected at present? Are they aware of the risks that they face at work? Could more be done to educate your people on the risks within the environment?
- What would the impact be if the worst case scenario did happen
If something terrible did happen, it’s important to work out what the worst case scenario would be and how you would manage it if it did happen. Impact is an important indicator of how urgently you need to manage that risk.
- What is the probability of this risk happening?
Within your project, it is good to predict the probability of the risk and whether the likelihood of it happening is imminent. If so, you’ll need to take immediate action, however in most cases the risks are not imminent and therefore you can create a risk management plan to prepare ahead of time.
- Mitigation: how can you mitigate the risk?
There will be things that you can do to mitigate the risk to your people and your business. You may assess whether you have adequate training, software and staff to manage risks within your business.
- Contingency: can you reduce the impact?
If you can’t mitigate the risk, you may be able to reduce the impact. There will be a level of risk that you simply can’t avoid, however you should be able to minimise the impact if that risk were to happen.
Discover The Assumed Risks And Exposure
Exposure needs to be considered within the risk management plan – that is, the amount of risk you can’t avoid. This can also be described as threat, liability or severity.
By figuring out the assumed risk you can work out the costs vs costs savings of implementing certain risk solutions. Assumed Risk is reduced to a dollar value which is then used to calculate the profitability of the end product.
This is often a simple cost vs. benefits formula. You might use these elements to determine if the risk of implementing the change is higher or lower than the risk of not implementing the change.
Create A Risk Management Plan In 10 Steps
Once you have those risks assessed, it’s time to get on top of the risk management plan for your project. Here’s how.
Step One: Define The Project
Define the project, your objectives, and the risks that come with each objective. You should measure your risk in terms of impact and mark the risk and impact in terms of high medium and low.
Step Two: Ask People What Risks They Face
If you’re creating a risk management plan, it’s likely that you’re not on the ground facing the risks day to day. In order to cover all bases, you will need to collaborate with the people who face the risks. Ask people who are familiar with the project what the risks are and how they feel risks could be mitigated.
Step Three: Look At The Consequences
With a risk management plan, the idea is to always plan ahead. What would happen if the risks materialised? Planning this out will ensure that when/if something does happen, you will have a plan in place and be aware of the consequences and the potential spiral effects.
Step Four: Assign Probability Of Risk
Which risks are most likely to come true? For each risk element on your list, determine if the likelihood of it actually materialising is High, Medium or Low.
Step Five: Assign Impact
In general, assign Impact as High, Medium or Low based on some pre-established guidelines.
Step Six: Determine Risk For The Element
Often, a table is used for this. If you have used the Low, Medium and High values for Probability and Impact, the top table is most useful. If you have used numeric values, you will need to consider a bit more complex rating system similar to the second table here. It is important to note that there is no universal formula for combining Probability and Impact; that will vary between people and projects.
Step Seven: Rank The Risks
List all the elements you have identified from the highest risk to the lowest risk and compute a total risk.
Step Eight: Develop Mitigation Strategies
Develop mitigation strategies that reduce the possibility that a risk will materialise.
Step Nine: Develop Contingency Plans
Contingency is designed to reduce the impact if a risk does materialise. Again, you will usually only develop contingencies for High and Medium elements.
Step Ten: Analyse The Effectiveness Of Strategies
How much have you reduced the Probability and Impact? Evaluate your Contingency and Mitigation strategies and reassign Effective Ratings to your risks.
An Effective Risk Management Plan
This is a very simplified version of the process that you might go through to create a risk management plan for your project, however it should help to point you in the right direction.
For more information, you can take a look at our risk management solutions that help you assess and register risk. | <urn:uuid:627a8002-16d4-4375-b1c9-1c62ab8bc65b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beakon.com.au/how-to-create-a-risk-management-plan-for-your-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945233 | 1,311 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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Millions face new virus restrictions in UK
Millions of people in the UK have faced tough new restrictions, with Scotland and Northern Ireland demanding tighter measures to try to halt a new variant of the virus that is believed to spread more quickly.
Northern Ireland went into a six-week lockdown and in Wales, restrictions that were relaxed for Christmas Day were also re-imposed.
The number of people under England's top level of restrictions — Tier 4 — increased by 6 million on Saturday to 24 million people overall, around 43 percent of England's population. The region included London and many of its surrounding areas.
No indoor mixing of households is allowed, and only essential travel permitted. Gyms, pools, hairdressers and stores selling nonessential goods have been ordered to close and pubs and restaurants can only do takeout.
Business groups say the restrictions will be economically devastating to their members.
UK records 210 more deaths, cases rise to 34,693
The United Kingdom has recorded 210 deaths, down from 570 the day before, while cases rose 1,968 to 34,693, the government said, citing partial data.
The latest R number is estimated at 1.1 to 1.3, the government said.
The UK has recorded a death toll of 70,405, defined as those dying within 28 days of a positive test.
Under that measure, it has the world's sixth-largest toll, after the United States, Brazil, India, Mexico and India.
A broader measure of death certificates puts the United Kingdom's death toll at 79,349.
BioNTech 'very happy' to help Turkey with vaccine deal
German company BioNTech's Turkish-origin co-founder has said he is “very happy” to Turkey after a recent procurement deal for vaccines.
“Turkey is our homeland. We're very happy to be able to help people in Turkey,” Dr. Ugur Sahin told Anadolu Agency in an exclusive interview a day after Turkish authorities announced a deal with BioNTech early on Friday.
“We have discussions with TUBITAK… We also want to open a place of BioNTech company in Turkey,” he said, referring to Turkey's Scientific and Technological Research Council.
According to the agreement, BioNTech will send Turkey an initial 550,000 doses by earl 2021 at the latest.
Thailand finds new virus clusters in south and east
Health officials in Thailand have said that two new clusters of virus cases have been linked to a major outbreak discovered a week earlier among migrant workers in an industrial province near Bangkok.
The new cases were found in 19 members of a motorcycling club who held a holiday gathering on Lanta island in the southern province of Krabi, and in nine people who were in a gambling den in the eastern province of Rayong, said the Disease Control Department.
The first of the motorcyclists to be diagnosed with the virus had come from Samut Sakhon province, where the outbreak among migrant workers occurred.
On Saturday morning, 110 new cases were reported, bringing Thailand’s total to 6,020. Sixty of the 110 were linked to the Samut Sakhon outbreak.
Swiss admit blundering after virus first wave
Switzerland's health minister has admitted that the government blundered in easing Covid-19 restrictions too far, resulting in some of Europe's fiercest infection rates during the pandemic's second wave.
Alain Berset said the Swiss approach put the emphasis on personal responsibility — but accepted that it had not worked.
The virus will not vanish any time soon, he added, despite the roll-out of vaccinations.
In March, during the first wave of infections, Switzerland was not hit as hard by deaths and did not impose as strict a lockdown as some other European states.
Slow decline in new cases reported in Turkey
Turkey has reported 15,118 more infections and 253 fatalities over the past 24 hours, according to Health Ministry data.
The new cases include 3,002 symptomatic patients, while the total number of infections exceeded 2.13 million.
Since Friday, as many as 23,231 people recovered, bringing the tally to 1,994,034, while the death toll climbed to 19,624.
Some 178,872 tests were conducted across the country over the past day, pushing the total to over 23.6 million.
The number of patients in critical condition stands at 4,501, the data showed.
Italy reports 261 new deaths
Italy has reported 261 more deaths, against 459 the day before, the health ministry said.
The daily tally of new infections increased by 10,407 from 19,037 the day before, taking the total number of cases since Italy's epidemic began to 2,010,037.
Italy on Thursday became the eighth country in the world to exceed 2 million officially recorded cases.
Hall of Fame golfer Norman battling virus
Hall of Fame golfer Greg Norman has spent part of his Christmas Day in a hospital battling the virus.
The 65-year-old Australian, known as “The Shark” during a career that included two major wins at The Open Championship (1986, 1993), revealed his diagnosis in an Instagram post.
“This sums it all up. My Christmas Day. On behalf of millions, (expletive) CoVid,” wrote Norman, who was photographed in a hospital bed.
He posted a video on Christmas Eve describing his symptoms.
“I feel very flu-like, I have a mild fever, I have a cough, I have aches and pains.
Iran's Rouhani: US wants vaccine payments through its banks
President Hassan Rouhani has said that Washington was demanding Iranian transactions for vaccines pass through US banks, and expressed fear the money could be seized.
US President Donald Trump has imposed wave after wave of sanctions on the Islamic republic since 2018, when he unilaterally withdrew from the Iran nuclear deal.
Iran has assets frozen in several countries, including in the US.
“We want to transfer money from a country where our money is” to buy the vaccine and “this country has accepted”, Rouhani said during a meeting of Iran's coronavirus task force, without identifying the country in question.
EU readies vaccine rollout as new virus strain spreads
The European Union has teed up a vaccine rollout, even as countries in the bloc were forced back into lockdown by a new strain of the virus, believed to be more infectious, that has spread from Britain to France and Spain and even as far as Japan.
The pandemic has claimed more than 1.7 million lives and is still running rampant in much of the world, but the recent launching of inoculation campaigns has boosted hopes that 2021 could bring a respite.
First doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine arrived in hard-hit Italy, Spain and France on Saturday morning ready for distribution to elderly care facilities and hospital staff.
“We'll get our freedom back, we'll be able to embrace again,” Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio said as he urged Italians to get the shot.
Deadly fire hits Egyptian hospital treating patients
A fire has killed at least seven people and injured several others at a private hospital that was treating virus patients on the outskirts of the Egyptian capital Cairo, local sources and media said.
The fire broke out at about 0700 GMT (9 am local) at Misr Al Amal Hospital in El Obour, some 30 kilometres (19 miles) northeast of central Cairo, and according to initial investigations was caused by an electrical fault, security and medical sources said.
The hospital was evacuated and closed and patients were transferred to a public hospital in Cairo, the sources said.
Iran extends curfew to 330 cities to sustain virus decline
Iran has extended a night-time traffic curfew to 330 lower-risk cities in an effort to sustain a recent fall in the number of new infections and deaths, state television reported on Saturday.
Alireza Raisi, spokesman for the national coronavirus task force, said on state TV that a curfew running from 1730 GMT to 0030 GMT (9 pm to 4 am local), already in place in 108 so-called “orange” or medium-risk cities, will be extended to lower-risk “yellow” cities.
The curfew, during which there is a ban on the use of private cars to reduce the level of contacts between people, resulted in nearly 100,000 fines on one night in the past week.
Philippines evaluating emergency use for Pfizer's vaccine
The Philippines' presidential spokesman has said the country. is evaluating the emergency use of Pfizer Inc's vaccine.
Pfizer was the first company to seek the Philippine regulator's approval for emergency use of its coronavirus vaccine, Harry Roque, spokesman of President Rodrigo Duterte, said in a statement.
It will take the food and drugs agency 21 days to evaluate and approve the vaccine, he said, adding that inoculation would start as soon as stocks become available.
The Philippines has the second highest n umber of infections and deaths in Southeast Asia, next to Indonesia.
Russia tops 3 million infections
Russia has passed three million confirmed coronavirus infections, as authorities hold out against reimposing a national lockdown while the country is battered by a second wave.
Official figures showed that a total of 3,021,964 cases have been detected, with 54,226 deaths.
In the past 24 hours, 29,258 new infections and 567 deaths were registered in Russia, fourth on the list of hardest-hit countries worldwide.
First confirmed cases in Spain of British virus variant
Four cases of a coronavirus variant believed to be particularly infectious that recently emerged in Britain have been confirmed in Madrid, the regional government said, the first cases detected in Spain.
All four cases involved people who recently arrived from the UK, the Madrid regional government’s deputy health chief Antonio Zapatero told a news conference.
Spain receives first batch of vaccine
Spanish authorities say the first batch of the virus vaccine to reach the country has arrived.
The government said that a truck transporting the vaccine produced by Pfizer arrived at a company warehouse in the central city of Guadalajara after making the trip from Belgium. It is the first part of what the government says will be weekly shipments of an average of 350,000 doses.
The first vaccines will be administered on Sunday morning at a nursing home in Guadalajara.
Spain plans to receive more than 4.5 million doses of the Pfizer vaccine over the next 12 weeks, enough it says to immunise just over 2.2 million people. It will represent the first phase of a national vaccination plan.
Hungary starts vaccinations – government spokesman
Hungary started vaccinating healthcare workers against the coronavirus with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, a day earlier than in most other countries in the European Union.
Hungary received a first shipment of coronavirus vaccines Saturday morning that will be enough to inoculate 4,875 people, state news agency MTI reported. The vaccines have been shipped to Budapest with police escort.
The first vaccinations are being delivered at Budapest's main Covid centre, the Del-Pest Central Hospital, and in the afternoon at another main Budapest hospital as well, MTI reported.
Hungary had reported 315,362 cases with 8,951 deaths. More than 6,000 people are still in hospital, straining the healthcare system.
Bulgaria receives first batch of vaccine
The first batch of vaccines against the virus has arrived in Bulgaria.
A truck with the first 9,750 doses escorted by police cars arrived at the Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in Sofia, where the boxes with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines were unloaded.
Vaccinations will start on Sunday in a Sofia hospital, Health Minister Kostadin Angelov said, adding that he will be the first to take the shot. Medics working with patients will be vaccinated with priority, as will residents of nursing homes.
The Balkan country has reported a total of 196,915 infections, including 7,073 deaths.
Health authorities fear a new wave of infections after the holiday season. Orthodox churches across the country remained open, drawing many for Christmas services.
South Korea logs second-highest daily tally of cases
South Korea has posted its second-highest daily number of coronavirus cases as outbreaks at a prison, nursing homes and churches continued to grow, prompting authorities to plead for a halt to all year-end gatherings.
The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) said there were 1,132 new coronavirus cases, not far off the record 1,241 logged a day earlier.
KDCA chief Jeong Eun-kyeong urged that all private gatherings be cancelled and public and religious events be held online.
The government plans to hold a meeting on Sunday to discuss whether it will tighten distancing rules to the toughest level for the greater Seoul area .
The current largest cluster is at a prison in eastern Seoul, where 520 inmates, workers and their family members have been infected, prompting health authorities to test all 650 people there. The virus likely spreads easily as the prison consists of five, high-rise buildings and suffers from over-capacity, a health official said.
South Korea's total infections now stand at 55,902, with 793 deaths, KDCA data showed.
Tokyo coronavirus cases hit record 949
Coronavirus infections in Tokyo have hit a record daily high of 949 cases, local media reported, as Japan heads into the New Year holiday period, which in normal years sees citizens of the capital stream into the provinces.
Serious cases were unchanged from a day earlier at 81, the reports said.
Local media reported subdued scenes at Tokyo transport hubs a day after Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, under pressure as daily cases continue to climb, urged the nation to stay home and avoid social mixing.
Germany's confirmed cases rise by 14,455
The number of confirmed coronavirus cases in Germany has increased by 14,455 to 1,627,103, data from the Robert Koch Institute for infectious diseases showed.
The reported death toll rose by 240 to 29,422, the tally showed.
Thailand confirms 110 new infections
Thailand has confirmed 110 new infections, of which 64 were local infections, connected to an outbreak in the southwest province of Samut Sakhon.
Of the new infections, 30 were among migrant workers and 16 were imported cases, Taweesin Wisanuyothin, a spokesman for the country's Covid-19 task force, told a briefing.
Thailand has a total of 6,020 confirmed cases and 60 deaths.
Mexico records 9,679 new cases, 665 more deaths
Mexico's Health Ministry has reported 9,679 new confirmed cases of coronavirus infection and 665 additional fatalities, bringing the total in the country to 1,372,243 cases and 121,837 deaths.
Beijing residents told to stay put for holidays
China's capital has urged residents not to leave the city during the upcoming Lunar New Year holidays, implementing fresh restrictions after several coronavirus infections last week.
Two domestic cases were reported, a convenience store worker and a Hewlett Packard Enterprise employee. Another two asymptomatic cases were discovered in Beijing earlier in the week.
Beijing is conducting testing on a limited scale in the neighbourhoods and workplaces where the cases were found.
To contain any new outbreaks, the Beijing government cancelled big gatherings, such as sports events and temple fairs.
China reports 20 new cases vs 14 a day earlier
Mainland China recorded 20 new Covid-19 cases on December 25, up from 14 cases the previous day, the country's health authority said on Saturday.
The National Health Commission said in its daily bulletin that 12 of the new cases were imported. Of the eight locally transmitted cases, six came from the northeastern province of Liaoning and two from the capital Beijing.
Additionally, 19 asymptomatic cases were reported on December 25, up from 17 the previous day. China does not include asymptomatic patients in its total confirmed case list.
Mainland China has now reported a total of 86,933 coronavirus cases, while the death toll remained unchanged at 4,634.
France confirms first case on its soil of British virus variant
The first case of a particularly infectious coronavirus variant that recently emerged in Britain has been confirmed in France, the Health Ministry said on Friday.
The person, a French citizen living in Britain, is asymptomatic and self-isolating at home in Tours in central France, the ministry said.
The person arrived from London on December 19 and was tested in hospital on December 21 and found to be positive for the strain of the virus known as VOC 202012/01.
“The health authorities have carried out contact-tracing for the health professionals taking care of the patient,” the ministry said in a statement.
Any of their contacts that were seen as vulnerable would similarly be isolated, the statement said.
In addition to this first case, “to date, several positive samples that may suggest the VOC 202012/01 variant are being sequenced” by the specialist laboratories of the national Pasteur Institute, the statement added.
Texas hospitals fill to near pandemic peak
Coronavirus hospitalisations in Texas approached a peak equaling the summer's surge even as health officials warned that holiday gatherings and travel are likely to further spread the virus and pressure health care services.
The state health department reported 10,868 patients hospitalised with confirmed cases of Covid-19 in the state on Christmas, less than 30 behind the record high set in July. Intensive care units in several parts of Texas were full or nearly full, according to the Texas Department of State Health Services.
Texas on Friday reported 200 more death from Covid-19.
There were 3,123 newly confirmed cases of the virus and another 973 probable cases, according to the health department.
New Covid-19 patients range from 2-100 years in Kenya
Confirmed new coronavirus infections in Kenya span patients aged between 2 and 100, Kenya’s Health Ministry announced on Friday.
In a tweet, the ministry said: “282 people [240 Kenyans and 42 foreigners] have tested positive for the virus, from a sample size of 4,095 tested in the last 24 hours, bringing to 95,713 the number of confirmed positive cases in the country.”
While one person was killed from the infection, new Covid-19 cases include 164 males and 118 females.
“The youngest is a two-year old child, while the oldest is 100,” it said.
While Kenya has been hit by a second wave from the pandemic, fatalities stand at 1,653, while 76,811 patients have recovered.
CoronaVac efficacy at 50-90 percent in Brazilian trial – Sao Paulo official
The CoronaVac Covid-19 vaccine developed by China’s Sinovac Biotech Ltd showed efficacy between 50 percent and 90 percent in Brazilian trials, Sao Paulo's state health secretary said, and its Brazilian producer said full trial results will be released by January 7.
Results of trials in Brazil are known exclusively by Sao Paulo state's Butantan Institute biomedical research centre, which has an agreement with Sinovac to produce the vaccine, said health secretary Jean Gorinchteyn.
First trials showed efficacy above 50 percent, the minimum required by Brazilian health regulator Anvisa, and below 90 percent, Gorinchteyn said in an interview with CBN radio aired late on Thursday.
At Sinovac's request, Sao Paulo's health department has not received the Chinese drugmaker's full trial results, he said, adding that the company will review the data before announcing final results.
Butantan will disclose the data trial results in up to 15 days, or by January 7, the institute said in a note on Friday.
Brazil coronavirus death toll hits 190,000
Brazil registered 22,967 additional cases of the new coronavirus and 482 related deaths in the prior 24 hours, according to data from the country's Health Ministry.
The South American country has now registered 7,448,560 total confirmed coronavirus cases and 190,488 deaths from Covid-19.
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In the 1970s, the Ghanaian government hoped to kickstart a home-grown car industry with the pickup truck prototype called the Buafo (literal translation: carrying help). Today's cars look like spaceships and are built by robots in futuristic factories, eventually leaving behind a trail of discarded Western car parts which frequently end up in a place called Suame Magazine in Ghana. Processes which take place behind the scenes in the West are made visible here. In the workshops of Suame Magazine, auto scrap from around the world is salvaged, processed, and marketed by some 200,000 highly specialised technicians in 12,000 informal workshops.
A lengthy collaborative process led to the design and production of Turtle 1, a car built with the expertise of Suame Magazine's technicians and with features relevant for African roads and communities. The excitement was palpable and media coverage was positive; even the King of Ghana came to see the first car to ever be exported from this region to the West.
After a successful tour of European car fairs and exhibitions in European art venues, the Turtle 1 is back at home in Ghana, and plans to develop Turtle 2 are underway. While the project lives on in a material sense, conceptually Turtle 1 and its implications are less about inventing the car of the future and more a reflection on contemporary society.
In collaboration with
Suame Magazine Industrial Development Organisation (SMIDO), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ghana, Joost van Onna, Teun Vonk, Bram Esser, Tijs van den Boomen, Cynthia Hathaway, uitgeverij Fosfor, Eva van Ginhoven, Iztok Klančar, Immanuel Sirron Kakpur, Gerrit Rietveld Academy Amsterdam, department Designlab – Cynthia Hathaway, Willem de Kooning Academy Rotterdam, department Fine Art – Rolf Engelen.
Funded by: Stimuleringsfonds Creatieve Industrie, Centrum Beeldende Kunsten Rotterdam, Stichting Doen, Royal Burger group, V2, Xelvin
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Gluten is a protein found in some grains like wheat, rye, barley etc. It is responsible for the elasticity and gives that chewiness to your rotis and you can see it in all the baked goods made out of wheat products too. Not all grains have gluten in them. Rice, millet, quinoa, buckwheat are all gluten-free.
Who should avoid it?
Celiac disease is a condition in which a person is either gluten sensitive or gluten resistant. Their body produces abnormal immune response while breaking down gluten during digestion. These people can avoid wheat products and can opt for products which are gluten-free.
These days’ people who are not allergic to gluten are also avoiding it. Reason?
Reasons can be different for different people. Many started following a gluten-free diet to lose weight. It aids to weight loss as you are avoiding all the starchy foods and opting for healthier versions of quinoa, brown rice etc.
Today we are making a recipe which is gluten-free and healthy as it is made with all the healthy ingredients. We are calling this recipe gluten free as it has two kinds of flours which are gluten-free. Rice flour is made up of rice which has no gluten in it and besan is made up of chickpea flour or chana dal which is a lentil or pulses. Pulses are gluten-free and rich in proteins.
Gluten-free spinach pakoras, fritters or balls, whatever you call them have rice flour and besan in them as the main ingredient along with spinach.
- 1 cup finely chopped spinach
- 1 small potato grated
- 2-3 finely chopped green chilly
- ½ tsp chilly powder
- ¼ tsp hing or asafoetida
- 1 cup rice flour or 11/2 cup boiled leftover rice
- 4 tsp besan or chickpea flour
- Salt to taste
- Oil for deep-frying
- Combine all the ingredients, spinach, besan (chickpea flour), rice flour/boiled rice, red chili powder, salt, and asafoetida, potato, green chilly in a bowl. Mix it well.
- No need to add any water as spinach and potato has its own water.
- Divide the mixture into equal parts and roll them to make balls.
- Heat oil in a frying pan and test it before frying. The oil should not be too hot as the balls will not be crispy. Also, if it’s not hot enough, the balls will be oily.
- Place the balls in the oil and fry until golden brown.
- Fry them in small batches and it will take 5 minutes per batch. Repeat this process for the remaining balls.
- The crispy, delicious spinach balls are ready to serve.
- Serve with mint chutney and tomato ketchup.
You can increase or decrease the quantity of spinach depending on your taste and like.
These are great as evening snacks or you can even give in kids snack box.
Read here – My A to Z challenge posts 2017
Find out more – Nutrition tips and nutritional recipes
Read my theme reveal post here.
I am sharing 26 healthy recipes under 30 minutes full this month.
See the recipes till now –
A for Apple coconut squares
B for a Bracing burger
C for Carrot walnut muffins
D for Dhokla with a twist
E for Eggless Pancake
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Expectations and Advice
A new president can’t come into office without enormous expectations about how things will change and there will always be plenty of people to give advice.
Some of those who would give advice are Concern Trolls, though, and should be ignored.
State Department. Do not appoint Bill Richardson
Also, do not appoint John Kerry.
Also, do not appoint Anthony Lake.
Supreme Court. Do not appoint Hillary Clinton.
Treasury Department. Do not appoint former Clinton Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin. Lawrence Summers.
Energy Department. Do not appoint Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Environmental Protection Agency or Interior Department. Do not hire Robert Kennedy Jr. H
Defense Department. Do not reappoint Robert Gates.
Attorney General. Do not appoint Jamie Gorelick.
Vice President. Not Joe Biden.
Obama will need to bear all of this in mind in the years ahead as he comes under pressure from some factions of the Democratic Party hoping to translate his mandate into a Rooseveltian expansion of government. Such an expansion would severely undermine America’s ability to compete in the global marketplace, and the impressive coalition that he has put together would not last his administration.
Mr. Obama inherits a terrible legacy. The nation is embroiled in two wars – one of necessity in Afghanistan and one of folly in Iraq. Mr. Obama’s challenge will be to manage an orderly withdrawal from Iraq without igniting new conflicts so the Pentagon can focus its resources on the real front in the war on terror, Afghanistan.
To say that now the hard part starts is a cliche, but it’s also true. Truer, in fact, in the case of Obama than for most new presidents. The troubles that await him are daunting and many, foreign and domestic. The expectations that have been heaped upon him are ludicrously weighty. It’s all too easy to spin scenarios in which Obama winds up humbled, broken, a failed one-term president, and trust me, there are already neurotic Democrats and vengeful Republicans churning up those dark and foreboding visions. But me, I’m thinking about a line I remember reading in 1992 – possibly crafted by the great Mike Kinsley, but I’m not sure – on the occasion of Bill Clinton’s election: “Of course it will all end in tears, but today it feels great.” I dunno about you, but for now I am content to go with that.
1. America’s political and pundit class will go through a clinical bout of ideological amnesia.
2. The Culture Wars will be reignited.
3. Liberals and conservatives will continue to try and define everything in terms of right and left.
4. Announcing for Office
7. Voter ID
9. Campaign Structures
This Republican media consultant says Obama’s first order should be to take on Democrats, using a proposed pro-labor legislation as his example.
Gore this ugly ox and Obama will demonstrate he is truly his own man and capable of great things.
Guns, God and gays will not disappear from our politics. But they are diminished as electoral weapons as the country confronts a new generation of disputes: global warming, mortgage meltdowns and the detention of terrorism suspects, to name a few.
Quickly there was a question as to whether Obama had earned a mandate (as Bush claimed in 2004 with a much slimmer victory), or if the country was really center-right and acting foolishly.
Mandate or no mandate?
This is why conservatives were so adamant about claiming a mandate in 1980 and in 2004 – they understood its critical connection to policy. This is also why Establishment voices are so adamant about downplaying a mandate today – because the empirical data from the election suggests that 2008 provided an overwhelmingly anti-Establishment mandate on everything from financial regulation, to trade, to health care to the Iraq War. If that mandate is permitted to be recognized, acknowledged and appreciated in the public debate, it might force significant policy change on those issues.
How Obama won? No idea, this is a center right country.
Senator Obama, who has the most liberal voting record of any current US senator, is well to the left, according to all polls, of most Americans. He is surging toward the unusual feat of being elected even though most of his countrymen are ideologically closer to his chief opponent.
Sarcastic response to the country being center right:
This, naturally, is very good news for the Republicans, according to many pundits. It proves once again that America remains a “center-right” nation.
But not everyone on, on the right or otherwise, contends that the nation is center right.
I think we are near a point at which America joins the rest of the west as a center-left society.
He’s carved out a mandate to take America at least some distance in a leftward direction, and he has left the conservative opposition demoralized, disorganized, and arguably self-destructing.
So is it a center-right country? Well, no.
They want some government action to solve some of these problems.
Here we are – we, the people in Grant Park; we, the people of the United States; we, the people of the world. Here we are, and none of – not even and especially the man on the stage, the man just elected to be the 44th president – can be sure of what lies ahead.
Obama might be afraid that he does not have the strength for the job:
But his manner before crowds and his face in photographs seem even farther out of reach than usual…On the night of his landslide victory over Hoover, in 1932, in the depths of the Great Depression, Roosevelt had an intimate conversation with his son James, ‘You know… all my life I have been afraid of only one thing… fire. Tonight I think I’m afraid of something else. I’m just afraid that I may not have the strength to do this job… I am going to pray. I am going to pray that God will help me, that he will give me the strength and the guidance to do this job and to do it right. I hope that you will pray for me, too.’
One way to start changing things yourself? Apply for a job.
Celebrate! – A run down of the celebrations.
WINS! – A list of 38 sites and their winning posts.
Winners and Losers – 18 lists of election winners and losers.
Turnout, Voting, and Polling – Articles and stories about voting, polling, and turn out.
Reactions – Reactions from the world, pundits, and celebrities.
How Obama Won – Some thoughts on how Obama won.
Why McCain Lost – Some thoughts on why McCain lost and what next for the GOP.
Expectations and Advice – There are a lot of people with expectations and a lot of people with advice.
Race – Obviously electing the first black president is going to bring up comments on race.
Money and Business – What will the impact on your money and you business be?
The Media – Without the media, wherever would we be!?
Humor – Without the humor, wherever would we be!?
Miscellaneous – Without the miscellaneous, wherever would we be!?
Personal Stories from Friends – Just what it says.
273 Status Political Status Messages in 27 Hours – Just what it says.
Via – Here’s a list of all the sites I used in putting this together – the sources. | <urn:uuid:45f4d288-44c7-41a0-b22a-02a77d6c551d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unlikelywords.com/2008/11/15/comprehensive-election-reactions-round-up-barack-obama-won-a-reference-expectations-and-advice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947756 | 1,615 | 1.601563 | 2 |
– Ivan Illich
Yet another book whose hypothesis I so desperately want to agree with, if only it weren't for the obvious flaws. This book continues that sorry tradition in my library from Epstein's The Case Against Adolescence, even though it is several decades its senior. The primary flaw of Illich here is that he is naught but a free marketeer, demanding that all forms of government in society be broken down into market forces, whatever the consequences may be. Those who are more familiar with Illich and the rest of his work might balk at the suggestion—he is, after all, so much more than that—but for his first book published in 01970 during the lull of the Cold War, anti-communism is what he decided to couch his argument within. Unironic mention of Milton Freedman during the first chapter might have been perfectly fashionable for the time, but knowing the dark history of what came next with deregulatory neoliberalism, I cannot help but see in this book the seeds of some ideas that eventually swelled into something monstrous.
This frustrates me, because what he has to say clearly has merit. His points on the phenomenology of school and the ritualization of progress are shining gems in what might be a sea of nonsense, all slapped together using several mutually-exclusive ideas from both right-wing and left-wing realms of thought. He is an individualist. He clearly wants to believe in each person's own capacities to do what is best for themselves, without the need to impose an institutional monopoly upon it. (Because without social embedding, the institution will forget who it is meant to serve, and will begin making decisions that will only meet the institution's ends alone.) He wants learning to become a purely personal activity. I can see where he's coming from, but I'm still unsure. I too wish there could be a thing known as “education” without the need for “school,” but the more I ponder it the more I fear that might just be an appeal to some higher authority which simply doesn't exist. | <urn:uuid:228a46b6-bbd2-4db5-bef2-a55d50beeeb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mw.revasser.net/literature/library/deschooling-society/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975516 | 426 | 1.609375 | 2 |
A woman who died of cancer just days before her appearance on "Jeopardy!" aired won six contests in a row and more than $103,000, some of which she donated to cancer research.
Cindy Stowell, died of cancer at the age of 41. Stowell, a science-content developer from Austin, Texas, taped episodes of the quiz show back in August. They started airing on Dec. 13. It marked the first posthumous airing of a contestant's appearance.
"When Cindy Stowell taped her appearance on 'Jeopardy!,' she had Stage IV cancer. Competing on 'Jeopardy!' was a lifelong dream for Cindy, and we're glad she was able to do so," said host Alex Trebek. "Sadly, Cindy died on Dec. 5. All of us at 'Jeopardy!' offer our condolences and best wishes to her family and friends."
Her death was first announced on Twitter by her longtime boyfriend Jason Hess, who posted that "She was fighting a high-grade fever (which turned out to be a blood infection) and was on painkillers while taping." Stowell competed with the goal of donating her prize winnings to cancer-related organizations.
Stowell's run ended when she finished second in her seventh appearance that aired Wednesday.
"Jeopardy!" says Stowell was sent advance copies of her first three episodes and watched them in the hospital. The show says it also expedited Stowell her prize money. The Cancer Research Institute says Stowell donated some of the winnings to the nonprofit.
Stowell says in a video shared by "Jeopardy!" the show was a good opportunity to help others.
With the Associated Press | <urn:uuid:5c897ef1-1a43-4bdb-935e-d5928a51fcd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foxla.com/news/jeopardy-contestant-dies-week-before-episodes-air | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.984034 | 353 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Planetary hours for February 21, 2021
|Region: London||About planetary hours|
|6:59 AM||7:51 AM||Hour of the Sun|
|7:51 AM||8:44 AM||Hour of Venus|
|8:44 AM||9:36 AM||Hour of Mercury|
|9:36 AM||10:29 AM||Hour of the Moon|
|10:29 AM||11:21 AM||Hour of Saturn|
|11:21 AM||12:14 AM||Hour of Jupiter|
|12:14 AM||1:06 PM||Hour of Mars|
|1:06 PM||1:59 PM||Hour of the Sun|
|1:59 PM||2:51 PM||Hour of Venus|
|2:51 PM||3:44 PM||Hour of Mercury|
|3:44 PM||4:36 PM||Hour of the Moon|
|4:36 PM||5:29 PM||Hour of Saturn|
|5:29 PM||6:36 PM||Hour of Jupiter|
|6:36 PM||7:43 PM||Hour of Mars|
|7:43 PM||8:51 PM||Hour of the Sun|
|8:51 PM||9:58 PM||Hour of Venus|
|9:58 PM||11:05 PM||Hour of Mercury|
|11:05 PM||0:13 AM||Hour of the Moon|
|0:13 AM||1:20 AM||Hour of Saturn|
|1:20 AM||2:27 AM||Hour of Jupiter|
|2:27 AM||3:35 AM||Hour of Mars|
|3:35 AM||4:42 AM||Hour of the Sun|
|4:42 AM||5:49 AM||Hour of Venus|
|5:49 AM||6:56 AM||Hour of Mercury|
The specific time when a certain planet has an influence is called the planetary hour.
The planetary hour differs from the 60 minute hour we are used to, and it’s length depends on the time of year and personal location.
Planetary hours are controlled by the 7 visible planets of the Solar system which create the so called Magician’s Star; this is a sequence of planets arranged in a seven pointed star.
In this sequence the planets are placed in order according to their average speed of visible motion relative to the other stars in the sky; in order from slowest to fastest.
Every planet has its own individual characteristics and energy, which clearly show themselves during the associated hour.
Considering spheres of planetary influence, particular matters, which are implemented on certain planetary hours come out for better or for worse.About planetary hours more | <urn:uuid:659cbf32-c1c7-4074-ba9a-02bb02f7e5be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://om-journal.com/day/1613908800/planetary-hours | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.795903 | 594 | 2.03125 | 2 |
New Jersey Regional Operations Intelligence Center
- 2 pages
- For Official Use Only
- June 5, 2008
(U//FOUO) On April 16, 2008, authorities arrested Roger Von Bergendorff for possession of the deadly biological toxin ricin after searches of three storage lockers he rented in Utah revealed traces of ricin, laboratory equipment, chemicals, and castor beans (the ingredient from which ricin is derived), as well as a drawing of an injection device. When Bergendorff fell critically ill in February in a Las Vegas hotel room, authorities discovered vials containing enough ricin to kill more than 500 people.
(U) The self-storage and mini-storage industry has more than 59,934 facilities in the U.S. Self-storage facilities are prevalent throughout the country, in urban, suburban, and rural areas. The industry’s target audience is largely home and business owners who need additional space, but the multitude and anonymity of self-storage locations present a unique opportunity for terrorists and criminals.
(U//FOUO) Historically, terrorist plots involving improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have utilized selfstorage facilities to store bombs or other components until final preparations are completed. In 1993,
members of the cell that conducted the first attack on the World Trade Center in New York hid chemicals, 105 gallons of nitric acid, and 60 gallons of sulfuric acid in a storage unit in New Jersey. Self-storage
facilities are convenient locations to store explosives and other materials with limited risk of arousing suspicion.
(U//FOUO) According to the FBI, there were 18 reported incidents related to commercial storage facilities between January and August 2007. None of these had terrorist connections, but indicate that self-storage units can also be used for other illicit activities including marijuana grow operations, storing, manufacturing or trafficking illegal drugs, counterfeit merchandise storage and distribution, or to store stolen property or other illicit materials.
Suspicious Rental or Usage of Self-Storage Facilities
(U//FOUO) The following represents activities that may be of concern to self-storage facility owners, operators, and employees, as well as law enforcement, serving as pre-incident indicators of terrorist or criminal activity. Alone, each indicator could point to legitimate commercial activity. Multiple indicators combined with other factors could suggest criminal activity or a terrorist threat.
Customer Activities or Behaviors
(U//FOUO) Unusual activity by self-storage customers may provide a possible indication of preoperational activity. Behaviors of concern include:
• Insisting on paying cash, sometimes weeks or months in advance
• Individuals who appear overly concerned about privacy
• Visits to the storage facility late at night or at unusual times
• Multiple visits to the storage facility by individuals other than the renter(s)
• Individuals exhibiting nervous, evasive, or suspicious behavior when approached by rental employees or security personnel
• Evidence of unusual fumes, liquids, residues, or odors emanating from storage unit(s)
• Individuals with vague or irrational explanations for burns or symptoms of chemical exposure
• Discarded chemical containers in storage unit dumpsters
• Suspicious deliveries of chemical or biological materials directly from the manufacturer to a storage unit
Inappropriate Use of Storage Unit
(U//FOUO) Storage of any of the following, particularly in large quantities, may indicate logistical planning for a terrorist attack:
• Agricultural or industrial chemicals and sprayers
• Explosives, blasting caps or fuses
• Weapons or ammunition
• Flight manuals or other similar materials
• Laboratory materials such as flasks or sealed containers, or protective clothing (for example, surgical masks, gas masks, rubber gloves, or self-contained breathing apparatuses)
• Incinerators, incubators, cell cultures, improvised showers or eye baths
• Suspicious textbooks and journals, including those involving biology, chemistry, explosives, or poisons
• Large delivery vehicles, vans, cargo containers, trailers, or related equipment Reporting Suspicious Activities
(U) If you encounter indicators of possible criminal or terrorist activities, please contact CT Watch personnel at the NJ ROIC, 866-4-SAFE-NJ (866-472-3365). The NJ ROIC is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
(U) Comments or questions regarding this product should be directed to the NJ ROIC Analysis Element, 609-963-6900, or email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:4c326c78-d9ed-4376-8ffe-3f7bee983c88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://publicintelligence.net/new-jersey-roic-indicators-of-criminal-and-terrorist-activities-storage-facilities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.913332 | 938 | 1.898438 | 2 |
I think the thing with metacognition is for students to move beyond listing subject-specific strategies (which isn’t that tricky), and instead to actually conceptualise what they might mean. Writing is an idiosyncratic process so what works once may not work again (at least for a while…). It is also a fairly tacit process, so just articulating a strategy again is not necessarily helpful.Read More
My training for staff at the start of this year focuses on making screencasts. You can see a video...Read More
My first module in my MA was on metacognition. As with many things I took it far too earnestly and...Read More
Very interesting to see this summary of Ofsted’s Research Team into metacogntion (thanks...Read More
Again, all very quick but serves to demonstrate how to analyse an unseen poem.Read More
Much Ado About Nothing: A screencast demonstrating the analysis of connotation and then stagecraft in real-time.
A screencast demonstrating the analysis of connotation and then stagecraft in real-time.Read More
How does metacognition benefit learners and learning in English and what are the implications for learning in an international school?
How does metacognition benefit learners and learning in English and what are the implications for...Read More
This term, using OneNote, I have responded to students’ essays using both verbal and written...Read More
I read a tremendous article today that questions the healthiness of our smartphone culture?...Read More | <urn:uuid:89b3cdbf-096f-4028-a366-825917b60129> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thequillguy.com/category/reading-speed-and-techniques/http:/www.thequillguy.com/category/metacognition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.917139 | 327 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Western Reflections Publishing
Fragile Treaties was selected as a 2002 Finalist for the WILLA Literary Award for Original Paperback.
During the 1870s, two cultures were on a dangerous collision course with destiny. The Ute Indian and the white man both wanted the same thing – to occupy the Shining Mountains in southwestern Colorado – but for conflicting reasons.
Through the eyes of four very different people, Fragile Treaties tells the story of the forced exodus of the Ute Indians from Colorado. Colonel Samuel Bodeen and his wife Lily seek to escape their troubled pasts and build a new future. Chief Ouray and his wife Chipeta try to hold on to their heritage and provide a secure future for the Ute people.
Even with their uniquely different lifestyles, the women create a strong bond of friendship that will comfort them through the troubled years of 1876-1881. But the friendship of Colonel Bodeen and Chief Ouray is doomed – ultimately, one will have to betray the other so all can survive.
Fragile Treaties is about promises made and broken. It is about betrayal, greed and deceit. But finally, it is about forgiveness and the bond that looks past shortcomings and differences to transform the soul.
Faye Roberts began her writing career in 1988, while escaping from three teenagers and a five-year-old. Her office was the bathroom. It was there that she wrote a story for a writing contest, which she won. Since that time, Faye’s work has been published in a number of national magazines. Her first book, a compilation of devotionals for women in the workplace, was published in 1995.
Hey Lord, Can Angels Type?
With wit and wisdom, Faye Roberts offers thoughts, prayers and parables to help working mothers make it through to Friday.
Was Louisa Cody a nagging shrew, as Buffalo Bill Cody claimed when he twice tried to divorce her? Or was this beautiful, dark-haired French woman a saint, enduring her husband’s long absences, recklessness with money, indulgence of liquor and relationships with other women?
Growing up in a secure St. Louis family and schooled by nuns, Louisa Frederici was unprepared for the hard life of making a home in what was still considered the Wild West. Due to the Civil War, her beaus had been few, so it’s no wonder she was smitten with a rugged army scout named William F. Cody and agreed to his proposal within weeks. Hours after their marriage, the newlyweds boarded a steamer for the west where Louisa followed her husband from post to post and dream to dream.
While “Willie” learned the art of entertaining dignitaries on buffalo hunts, Louisa learned to skin sage grouse and shoot a gun with her horse in a full run and a child strapped to her breast. She prepared antelope for a Russian Grand Duke while tending to toddlers and shooing Pawnee from the tiny kitchen of her crude cabin. Louisa would later say those days were the happiest times of her troubled and often lonely marriage. The more famous “Buffalo Bill” became, the more heated came the conflicts. The scandalous courtroom drama of her refusing his request for a divorce played out nationwide in newspapers.
In 1910, the final season of old age brought with it a truce after the couple was locked in a room together. Only William’s death in 1917 would end their fifty-year marriage. One thing is certain—without Louisa Cody and her talents and business sense, there would not have been a world-renowned figure still revered today as “Buffalo Bill”. Yes, theirs was certainly an intimate and yet stormy relationship. But then again, is there ever a perfect marriage?
Shrew or saint? I’ll let you the reader decide. | <urn:uuid:34ec43c9-a177-4ae0-ba41-08a8e3a41f51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fayerobertswriter.com/?page_id=9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.974696 | 809 | 1.78125 | 2 |
the proposal of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin on the summit of the five permanent members of the UN security Council does not involve the creation of a “closed club of countries” – this statement was made by Russian foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. Participated in the forum “Primakov reading”, Lavrov on the sidelines of the Munich security conference said that I the end of January, President Putin has offered “to think of the summit” permanent members of the UN security Council. Not because it’s a private club special countries, but because they, like the founders of the United Nations bear special responsibility for everything that happens in the sphere of international security.
the Proposal, made during a speech in Jerusalem at the international forum “Keeping the memory of the Holocaust, fighting anti-Semitism,” remains in force, Lavrov added. Then Vladimir Putin proposed to organize a summit of Russia, China, USA, France and the UK to discuss the world’s greatest challenges.
Lavrov Also sure that attempts to stop or slow down the development process of multi-polarity will have no result. As evidence he cited statistics of the International monetary Fund. It shows that GDP of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) already exceeds the GDP of the “big seven” (UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, USA, France and Japan).
the Head of the Russian foreign Ministry criticized the other participants in the Munich conference on security critics. He believes that some participants used the conference as a platform to voice loud statements for headers, and concrete solutions. So the Minister of defense mark Esper declared a new cold war against China, others said the conference should develop an approach in response to “Chinese and Russian challenges.” According to the Minister, this is a major drawback of such events. | <urn:uuid:ee38b50b-4874-4278-8f96-da8efb95ba56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kxan36news.com/in-munich-lavrov-explained-the-proposal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934117 | 381 | 1.867188 | 2 |
A beach is home to many fascinating animals--big, small, and bizarre! Look around to find noisy herring gulls nesting on a cliff, chubby harbor seals sunbathing on the sand, and hermit crabs looking for the perfect shell. Take an even closer look to catch a glimpse of feathery-legged barnacles and slimy ocean-dwelling worms. Filled with information perfectly suited to the abilities and interests of its primary-grade audience, these colorful, fact-filled books give readers a chance to discover all about seashore animals, from the common to the more unusual. With built-in activities and focused questions, students will also get to develop their powers of observation and critical thinking. Can you hear the gulls screeching and the gentle lapping of the waves? Get ready for a good read at the beach! | <urn:uuid:b667780e-f27c-4734-a2dc-7461a4d15cba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jappleseedmedia.com/shop/show/21724 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927619 | 173 | 2.84375 | 3 |
There are smart systems or software that business can use to automate some of the basic functions staffs deal with in the office. Software likes Robotic Process Automation also known as RPA can efficiently emulate human interactions with digital systems to perfectly conduct specific automated business processes. It is through the information analysis and interpretation that responses are triggered and communication overseen with various systems. Through such operation mechanisms, business can be able to benefit from RPA in the following numerous ways discussed below.
Direct your workforce to critical tasks of the company
There are numerous tasks that can be delegated at any organization. It depends with the number of employees you have and what they are specialized in. The basic tasks like data entry, data recording and update can be done generally by anyone but have you paused to think of how much work time such tasks take away from your employee? When you use RPA services for such tasks, your employees get more time to focus on the various ways they can be productive. You will ultimately enjoy better performance in every sector of your business leading to growth.
Alleviated operational risks
Among the various features of a good RPA system is scalability option. This feature along with the ability to decrease errors in performance and increasing compliance can be the key to a quality output plan. As experts already claim, automation is the secret to achieving high level of efficiency in any organization. When you delegate the small business processes to your RPA, you can count on predictable, efficient and consistent results delivery. Making future plans based on a system you can trust easier when there are numerous risks of delegating certain tasks to your staff.
No room for error
One thing that is true as truth itself is when a task is done repeatedly it becomes boring. It however depends on who is doing the task because unlike humans, machines can do bulk repetitive work every day without getting bored or asking for a break. You can as such count on RPA system to improve the quality of performance experienced as machines have very small room for error. This beats the regular staff that can start doing the tasks shoddily just because they are bored or exhausted. This can culminate to poor customer experience hence bad reviews, something you do not want on your website for potential customers to see. | <urn:uuid:94804d85-5728-4e17-9ade-7ac98dc2ff7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unchained-wwe.com/3-benefits-of-using-rpa-for-your-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957577 | 453 | 1.984375 | 2 |
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- Mark O'Connor, Humanities Professor, | <urn:uuid:534f81ee-06db-411f-881d-28458bdf6640> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amico.org/subscribe/benefits.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.838598 | 555 | 1.757813 | 2 |
How the Mediterranean Diet Can Help You Lose Weight
For many people who follow it, the Mediterranean diet results in weight loss naturally and effortlessly.
While most weight-loss diets focus on counting calories, following a strict menu, weighing and measuring foods, or undertaking a rigorous exercise program, the Mediterranean diet focuses on enjoying a wide variety of healthful foods and taking the time to savor meals and share them with others. It’s a joyful way of eating as well as a healthful one.
By removing processed foods and fast foods from your diet, which are laden with unhealthful fats, sugar, and chemicals, you can significantly decrease your caloric intake while eating more food. Without counting calories or fat grams, you can trade unhealthful, “empty” foods for those that not only promote good health but also support the loss of stored fat.
For years, the low-fat diet has been promoted as the only real way to lose weight, but we now know that this just isn’t true. A low-fat diet very often results in weight gain and can be unhealthful to boot.
A research hospital in Switzerland recently examined six separate studies comparing the Mediterranean diet and a low-fat diet. People who followed the Mediterranean diet for the studies experienced greater weight loss, lower body fat percentages, lower blood pressure, and better blood sugar levels than those on the low-fat diet.
Because it includes such a wide variety of healthful, fresh foods, the Mediterranean diet supplies a healthful amount of fiber and “good” fats, both of which support weight loss by helping you to feel full. A high-fiber diet also slows the rate at which sugar is absorbed into your bloodstream, which helps control both blood sugar and insulin levels. Too much insulin in the bloodstream stops fat loss, as insulin triggers fat storage. Fiber from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables also helps to improve digestion, which can be an important factor in weight loss. Many of the antioxidants found in fresh fruits and vegetables, such as lutein in apples, have also been shown to encourage weight loss. Overall, the Mediterranean diet allows people to lose weight naturally and healthfully, without going hungry or eliminating food groups. You’ll not only be able to lose weight on the diet, you’ll enjoy yourself while you do. | <urn:uuid:6e944ca7-0e95-4562-a58a-0264c97236c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fitnotfat.net/the-mediterranean-diet-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954772 | 482 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Process mining is an analytical discipline to analyse business processes in order to identify bottlenecks, deviations, and sources of waste in their processes, and to discover opportunities to optimize performance via automation.
One of the biggest challenges for most organizations today is maximizing cost efficiencies and bringing down costs across its supply chain. Procurement and finance divisions of organizations are increasingly making strategic decisions
Explosive data growth in SAP systems causes deterioration of application performance and user productivity, high costs due to large tier-1 Enterprise Storage volumes with high redundancy as well as high administration
Enterprise Content Management (ECM) is not a system but a discipline consisting of strategies, frameworks, rules, processes and organisational structures to manage an organisations most valuable asset – information.
The financial close process is typically the top target for financial improvement in many organizations. The financial close process in many organizations is very labor intensive and error prone. While it gets done, it is not always easy and perfect. With solutions for financial…. | <urn:uuid:ceb9a4fe-7ec3-453c-9f68-fcb9ad4bd299> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.avaali.com/solutions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.922854 | 202 | 1.773438 | 2 |
I had the exact same problem and it was driving me crazy. Other answers provide a solution, but they don't explain why you and I are having this problem.
I will try to explain why this is happening and then provide some solutions.
You can go to the end to see the TL;DR.
1)What's going on? Why is this error happening?
I'll try to make a step-by-step answer so everything is explained clearly.
If you think it's too basic at the beginning, go to the end of this "article".
I'll first start with common things like running the
python shell from the terminal or running
pip. You'll see why you can do that from the terminal and we'll end up on why and how you can run the
jupyter notebook from the terminal as well.
Ready? Let's start!
Have you ever wondered why you can type
python in the terminal (command prompt) and suddenly start the Python interpreter?
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.18363.1440]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Python 3.9.1 (tags/v3.9.1:1e5d33e, Dec 7 2020, 17:08:21) [MSC v.1927 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
You probably already know (but maybe don't) that this is because Python was added to the Windows
PATH environment variable. You probably did it at installation time or afterwards.
But, what is this PATH environment variable?
It basically allows you to run any executables, that are located inside
the paths specified in the variable, at the command prompt without
having to give the full path to the executable.
You can check the content of that
PATH variable with:
>>> import sys
>>> for path in sys.path:
... (some other paths were taken out for clarity)
You can see this folder:
C:\Users\YOUR-USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39. This is the place where Python version 3.9 is installed. Let's check its content:
Voilà! We have the
python.exe file (an executable). We have a Python executable file in the
PATH, that's why you can start the Python interpreter from the terminal with just typing
python. If this wasn't the case you would have to type the full path to the executable file in the terminal:
Instead of just:
And what about when you use
It's the same principle. You can run
pip from the terminal because there is a
pip executable file in the
If you go to
C:\Users\YOUR-USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Scripts\ (which is in the
PATH showed above) you'll see many executables files. One of them is
pip. Actually I have three versions:
Scripts folder allows exectuable files to be run from the terminal. Like
pip or other libraries that you intend to run directly from the terminal. The
...is not intended for you, it's for scripts that are installed as
components of modules that you install. For example, pip is a module,
but it also has a wrapper script by the same name, pip, which will be
installed in that directory.
If you put something there and it is properly in your PATH, then it
should be executable
That wrapper script would be the
pip executable file. When this executable file is run, it locates the
pip folder in the Python installation folder and runs
But you could also run
pip directly from the installation folder (
C:\Users\YOUR-USERNAME\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Lib\site-packages), without needing the executable
But, how can you do it?
I'm glad you ask. There is a Python way to run modules as the main module (without the need to import it).
python -m pip
When you run a module directly its name becomes
-m does is:
sys.path for the named module and execute its contents as the
'__main__' is the name of the scope in which top-level code executes.
__name__ is set equal to
'__main__' when read from standard
input, a script, or from an interactive prompt.
I guess that the
pip executable does something similar, or at least, has the same effect: to start
2)What does this have to do with the Jupyter Notebook?!
Think of the
Jupyter Notebook as the same as
pip. If you want to run
jupyter in the terminal, you need an executable that it's on the
We have already seen that the executables of modules like
jupyter are located here
If I check the content of the folder I see this:
I see the already mentioned
pip3. But I don't see
jupyter (the word "jupyter" alone).
If I type
jupyter in the terminal I get the error that started all:
'jupyter' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
Finally we've reached an answer to your question!!!
'jupyter' is not recognized as a command because there is no executable file in the
Scripts folder called
So, let's try a different executable. What about
BINGO! The notebook is running!
Serving notebooks from local directory:
Jupyter Notebook 6.3.0 is running at:
or http://127.0.0.1:8888/?token=... (edited)
Use Control-C to stop this server and shut down all kernels (twice to skip confirmation).
I don't know why I don't have a
jupyter executable called 'jupyter'. The official documentation says to use
jupyter notebook on the terminal, but it seems that in some cases it doesn't work. And I think it has to do with what I mentioned above: there is no
jupyter exectuable in the
If you remember, I told you that you can run
pip as the main module using
python -m pip.
It happens that you can do the same with
jupyter.We just need to know how to call it. As in with
pip, we have to check the folder where 3rd party libraries are installed:
jupyter_console, but this just creates an interactive notebook in the terminal, not exactly what you were looking for. You're also going to find folders ending with
jupyter_console-6.4.0.dist-info. This is just metadata of the Wheel Binary Package builder. You'll also see a folder like
jupyterlab_pygments, but that's for
JupyterLab. We want to use the classic Jupyter notebook.
What we want is to run
notebook. How do we know this?
You'll see in the folder
site-packages the folder (package)
notebook. Inside there is a file called
if __name__ == '__main__':
from notebook import notebookapp as app
notebookapp.py which is a "A tornado based Jupyter notebook server." Yes, this is what we need.
We can see that
launch_new_instance in the
launch_instance(), which "launches an instance of a Jupyter Application".
Perfect! We are in the correct folder. To run the jupyter notebook from the Python interactive shell we have to run the notebook package with:
python -m notebook
3)*** SUMMARY: SOLUTION ***
I have explained and showed why this error is happening.
Now let's summarize the solutions:
To know the name of the
jupyter executable (in the
Scripts folder), so you can run directly from the terminal (Command Prompt) as:
Or whatever name you have.
Run the notebook as the main module from Python:
python -m notebook
I hope this helps you as much as it helped me. I'm open to your comments and suggestions. | <urn:uuid:0a97b91b-a23d-49a8-b0a9-0c37e57f22e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41034866/running-jupyter-via-command-line-on-windows | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.883143 | 2,508 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Poor voice quality, crackling, or low volume on your Lifeline Communicator could be happening for several reasons. Please check the following:
Do you have DSL Internet service? If so:
- Your Lifeline Communicator must be connected to a DSL filter.
- Any additional phones in the house also need to be connected to a DSL filter.
Are you experiencing static on the Lifeline Communicator? If so:
- Check other phones in the home for static.First, check the phone connected to your Communicator and then check any that are not connected to it. If the phones in your house have static, that is a good indication that your phone service needs to be checked. Turn your Communicator off and then back on. If static persists, you should notify your phone company, as it does not appear that the Communicator is causing the problem.
- Do you have an optional Philips Lifeline Voice Extension? If so, please make sure that it is at least 50 feet away from the main Lifeline Communicator.
- Make sure that your Communicator isn’t near any electronic devices (e.g., a cell phone or a cordless phone that’s not plugged into the Communicator).
Is the volume on your Communicator very low? If so:
- Adjust the volume using the control switch on the side of your Communicator.
Is the Lifeline Personal Response Associate having difficulty hearing you? If so:
- Make sure that your Communicator is on a flat surface. There is a microphone on the bottom of your Communicator and you should verify that nothing is blocking it.
Helpful Tips: It is recommended that you turn your Communicator off before making any adjustments to it. After making adjustments, you can then turn your Communicator back on and test it. If you are still experiencing problems, contact our Customer Service department at 800-635-6156. | <urn:uuid:29969645-0b44-4150-9fa6-ab7b008d2048> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lifeline.com/support/troubleshooting-sound/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.918354 | 393 | 1.671875 | 2 |
This product is inhaled into the lungs using the Diskus®.
Why is it prescribed?
PMS - Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol DPI is used for maintenance treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bronchitis, emphysema) in patients who require an inhaled corticosteroid medication and a long-acting bronchodilater.
It is not a rescue medication and should not be used to treat a sudden asthmatic episode.
PMS-Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol DPI is intended for continual use on a regular basis to prevent symptoms. It should not be used as a relief medication.
Do not use more frequently than twice daily.
After inhaling a dose, be sure to rinse your mouth with water and spit it out. This may help prevent developing the fungal infection of the mouth and throat called thrush.
If you accidently take more than the recommended number of inhalations, you may notice that your heart is beating faster than usual, that you have a headache and that you fell shaky. In this case, tell your doctor without delay.
If you miss a single dose, skip the dose and just take the next dose when it is due.
Each dose is a measured quantity of dry powder that is contained in a small foil blister in the delivery device. The device contains 60 doses and has a counter that tells you the number of remaining doses. It counts down from 60 to 1. When the last five doses have been reached, the numbers appear in red to indicate that you are due for another refill.
Your doctor or pharmacist should have instructed you on the proper use and care of your medications. It is advisable to have your technique reassessed by the pharmacist for the first 2 or 3 refills of your prescription.
It is very important to keep your inhaler device dry and closed when not in use, and never breathe into the device. Do not store at temperatures above 30ºC.
See other products used in the treatment of •allergic rhinitis •asthma •nasal polyps •perennial rhinitis •rhinitis •runny nose •seasonal allergies •seasonal rhinitis •bronchitis •bronchospasm associated with COPD •chronic bronchitis (COPD) •COPD •emphysema (COPD) •
For patients 12 years of age and older, the usual dose is:
One inhalation of the 100mcg/50mcg OR 250mcg/50 OR 500mcg/50mcg DPI twice daily
For children 4 to 11 years of age the usual dose is:
One inhalation of the 100 mcg/50 mcg DPI twice daily.
The usual dose for adults (18 years and older) is:
One inhalation of the 250 mcg / 50 mcg OR the 500 mcg / 50 mcg DPI twice daily
PMS-Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol DPI contains two different drugs, salmeterol and fluticasone propionate that act in two different ways to help you breathe better. Salmeterol is a long-acting bronchodilator. It relaxes the muscles in the walls of the small air passages in the lungs. This helps to open the airways and makes it easier for air to get in and out of the lungs. Fluticasone is a potent corticosteroid that possesses strong local anti-inflammatory activity. It reduces swelling and irritation in the walls of the small air passages in the lungs to ease breathing problems. Fluticasone also helps prevent asthma attacks.
Along with its needed effects, this medication may cause some unwanted or undesirable effects. The severity and duration of these effects are dependent on many factors including duration of therapy, dose, and individual response. Occasionally, some people feel a little shaky or have a headache or notice that their heart is beating faster than usual. These effects usually wear off with continued treatment. Tell your doctor about unwanted effects, but do not stop treatment unless told to do so.
- throat irritation
- thrush of the mouth and throat
- palpitations (awareness of heart beat)
- irregular heart rhythms
- pain in joints
- muscle cramps
Many of these unwanted effects, especially the most common ones, may disappear with continued use. Check with the doctor or pharmacist if any of them continue or become bothersome.
If you are not responding to your usual dose, or your symptoms get worse, contact your doctor. Never increase the dose or frequency of the dose without being instructed to do so by your doctor.
Do not take any other respiratory medications without your doctor's approval.
Treatment should never be stopped without first consulting your doctor.
Discontinuation requires a gradual tapering of the dose and/or frequency or you may experience a flare-up of your condition.
The safety and efficacy in children under the age of 4 is not known.
People who have been treated with long term oral corticosteroids (e.g. prednisone) and are being switched to PMS-Fluticason propionate/Salmeterol DPI should start it before stopping the oral corticosteroid. The oral corticosteroid should then be gradually withdrawn.
The fluticasone in this medication may make people more susceptible to respiratory infections and may mask the symptoms of an existing infection. If you suspect that you may have a respiratory tract infection, contact your physician.
This immune system suppression also makes people more susceptible to getting thrush of the mouth and throat. Thrush is a fungal infection. To best prevent getting thrush, it is wise to rinse your mouth out with water after use.
Be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about any prescription or over-the-counter medications you are taking in order to avoid any potentially dangerous interactions.
The following drugs may interact with PMS-Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol DPI:
- short-acting beta-agonists (e.g.salbutamol)
- MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors (e.g. phenelzine, tranylcypromine)
- tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline, imipramine)
- methylxanthines (e.g. theophylline)
- some beta-blockers (e.g. propranolol)
- ritonavir (e.g. Norvir®)
Use is not recommended in the following situations:
- allergy to any component
- patients with allergic reactions to lactose or milk
- cardiac arrhythmia associated with tachycardia (irregular heartbeat associated with rapid heart rate)
- people with untreated fungal, bacterial or tuberculosis infections
Caution is recommended in the following situations:
- cardiovascular disorders
- cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
Use in pregnancy: Generally considered safe in pregnancy. Consult your doctor or pharmacist before use.
Use while breast-feeding: Generally considered safe if breast-feeding. Consult your doctor or pharmacist before use.
As with all long-acting beta 2-agonists and beta 2-agonist/corticosteroid combinations, PMS-Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol DPI carries a warning that long-acting beta 2-agonists have been associated with asthma death. These warnings are based on a U.S. study using salmeterol. | <urn:uuid:199902cd-8c18-4d6b-b2af-6bd1a382697b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lungsask.ca/medication?drugId=879&tab=Drug | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.894204 | 1,644 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Lewis Road Creamery’s 100% recyclable (rPET) milk bottle has been awarded Gold in the special Sustainability Category at the 2020 WorldStar Packaging Awards.
The Awards are run by the World Packaging Organisation to recognise companies for packaging innovation across six categories including food, beverage, labelling & decoration, health & personal care, household and packaging materials & components.
Lewis Road, in partnership with its rPET bottle producer PACT Group, took out top honours in the overall sustainability category, complementing the announcement of the brand’s Gold award in the international beverage category in December last year.
Taking out second place in the same category was Woolworths Australia for their Woolworths Bakery Plant Fibre Tray and in third place, JASA Packaging Solutions B.V.,Netherlands for the Bag-2-Paper™.
The award highlights the triumph of this innovation across all categories and the positive impact switching to rPET bottles has had on the environment, saving approximately 310 tonnes of new plastic being created each year.
Lewis Road was the first milk producer to sign the New Zealand Packaging Declaration, committing to 100% of its packaging being recyclable, reusable or compostable by 2025 or earlier,
Since October 2019, Lewis Road’s entire white milk, flavoured milk and cream range has been bottled in the award-winning packaging which is made entirely from recycled plastic and not only 100% recyclable, it is also accepted by every council recycling collection nationwide. | <urn:uuid:a062cac3-2908-4562-97be-2f131843438a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fmcgbusiness.co.nz/lewis-road-scores-gold-at-worldstar-packaging-awards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955974 | 314 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The vasodilatory ramifications of nucleotides in the guinea-pig thoracic aorta were examined to look for the relationship between molecular expression and function of P2Y receptors. P2Y1 antagonist N6-methyl-2-deoxyadenosine-3,5-bisphosphate (MRS2179). In aortic bands, vasodilatory replies to 2-methylthio-ATP, ATP and ADP had been all obstructed by pre-incubation of tissue with MRS2179. MRS2179 pretreatment acquired no aftereffect of the power of UTP to trigger rest of norepinephrine replies in aortic bands or the power of UTP to trigger calcium mineral discharge in aortic endothelial cells. We demonstrate sturdy ramifications of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in 74285-86-2 guineapig aorta and offer useful and biochemical proof that MRS2179 is certainly a selective P2Y1 74285-86-2 antagonist. for 10?min, the PBS removed as well as the pellet resuspended in Cav3.1 Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Moderate supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum while we’ve previously described (Yang just upon its launch from platelets, 74285-86-2 it could stand to cause that endothelium would see locally large concentrations that might reach millimolar amounts (Lazarowski ADP may necessitate the current presence of more the other P2Con receptor. MRS2179 pretreatment didn’t prevent adenylyl cyclase inhibition by ADP in the same research (Baurand expression of the receptor apart from P2Y1, which we recommend may be the P2Y4 receptor. In calcium mineral imaging tests we demonstrate the energy of MRS2179 like a P2Y1-particular antagonist and demonstrate the practical manifestation of at least three different P2Y receptor subtypes (P2Y1, 2 and 4). Using these details about the receptor manifestation of cultured endothelial cells we used MRS2179 to aortic bands to look for the aftereffect of P2Y1 antagonism entirely tissues. We discovered a contrast between your capability of nucleotides to elicit calcium mineral reactions in endothelial cells, and their capability to trigger vasodilation in cells. The reactions to 2-MeS-ATP, ADP, and ATP are MRS2179 delicate in cells where just 2-MeS-ATP is delicate to MRS2179 in cultured cells. Just the response to UTP was insensitive to MRS2179 in both cell and cells systems. This research not only queries the hyperlink between what could be deduced in cell tradition about the truth of receptor signalling in cells, but verifies the part of UTP in either paradigm, even though ATP and ADP take action at disparate sites. Finally, in describing understanding of the actions of UTP in guinea-pig aorta, we lengthen the evidence the living of nucleotides in the bloodstream to do something on extracellularly-directed receptors to subserve adjustments in blood circulation through vasodilation is definitely consistent with a job for nucleotides as permissive human hormones. Nucleotides could take action well beyond their site of source because of extracellular reactions that favour their development. The presence within the endothelial cell of the cascade of extracellular nucleotide rate of metabolism that can utilize nucleotide triphosphates as phosphoryl donor for the transphosphorylation of nucleotide diphosphates (Buxton aswell as ADP once metabolized, and since some portion of ADP could be changed into ATP from the transphosphorylation response backed by UTP, you’ll be able to suggest that the activities of UTP, both at P2Y4 receptors with the Nm23 em ecto /em -enzyme would bring about upstream vasodilation and promote the activities of ATP, ADP and adenosine that bring the vasodilation ahead in the bloodstream vessel. Acknowledgments The writers are thankful to Brian Oxhorn for assistance in the dimension of intracellular calcium mineral and Paul Carlson for advice about contractile research. This function was supported partly by grants from your Robert Z. Hawkins Basis, as well as the NIH (HL35416) to I.L.O. Buxton; and a pre-doctoral fellowship from your American Center Association Western Claims Affiliate marketer to R.A. Kaiser. Abbreviations cDNAcomplimentary deoxyribonucleic acidDEPCdiethyl pyrocarbonateEDTAethylenediaminetetraacetic acidFura-2AM5-oxazolecarboxylic acidity, 2-(6-(bis(2-((acetyloxy)methoxy)-2-oxoethyl)amino)-5- (2-(bis(2-((acetyloxy)methoxy)-2-oxoethyl)amino)-5-methylphenoxy) ethoxy)-2-benzofuranyl)-, (acetyloxy)methyl esterMRS21792-deoxy-N6-methyladenosine 3,5-bisphosphatePECAM1Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1RTCPCRreverse transcriptase-polymerase string reactionTRIzol?octrizole=2-(2 em H /em -Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol.
- Thrombin, a mitogen for individual cultured airway steady muscle (HASM), provides
- Maternal defense (offspring protection) is normally a crucial and highly conserved | <urn:uuid:de1a58b6-57de-4018-9e5e-1f9fac04981f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://igf-protein.com/the-vasodilatory-ramifications-of-nucleotides-in-the-guinea-pig-thoracic-aorta-were/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.885841 | 1,229 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Integrate the values of the Gospel of Jesus Christ as part of caring.
- Value the importance of spirituality in the nursing process.
- Respect religious beliefs of the client.
Demonstrate effective critical thinking and communication.
- Demonstrate professional behavior when communicating with instructors, other students.
Design, provide, and evaluate professional nursing care for individuals, families, and communities.
- Demonstrate proficiency in the performance of given technical skills.
- Articulate and understand the implications of acute and chronic illness for patients and their families.
- Discusses rationale for each technical procedure/skill
- Identifies the impact of the procedure on the patient
- Completes the procedure in a satisfactory manner
- Reports and documents procedure and patient results
- Explains procedure and performs patient teaching to patient and SO | <urn:uuid:ac255aac-87f8-48db-bd2f-bb572487245b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catalog2016.byu.edu/nursing/nursing-program/labsimulation-nursing-care-of-adults-acute-and-chronic-illnesses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.857876 | 166 | 1.992188 | 2 |
We recently investigated 'overheated solenoid' on Vauxhall Antara 2.2 CDTi and Chevrolet Captiva 2.2 VCDi. Our research showed that there is a common fault with the wiring loom for the battery feed going to the starter motor. Due to a poorly insulated B+ wire, the cable will overheat and cause the solenoid cap to melt.
We have identified part numbers for the replacement wiring, dependent on the vehicle specification.
Starter motor wiring harness (models with AT) - 95389088
Starter motor wiring harness (models with MT and stop-start system) - 95389089
Starter motor wiring harness (models with MT) - 95389090
Further research has now found that there is also an existing fault on these same vehicles with the ignition switch. Over a period of time, the internals of the ignition switch become worn. As a consequence of this excessive wear, the starter motor may engage while the engine is running.This can cause the starter motor to burn out and can also cause damage to the pinion. In a worst case scenario the nose cone will break.
The above faults are not to be overlooked. Not investigating and carrying out remedial work on the above faults will result in the replacement starter motor prematurely failing. Remember, if you are fitting a starter motor to these vehicles, it is your reputation on the line. By not investigating and fixing the fault, you risk a repeated failure, an unhappy customer and the risk of the starter motor not being covered under warranty.
All our starter motors and alternators that have known vehicles faults are supplied with a technical note in the box, please ensure you read them. They are aimed to save you time, money and your reputation. | <urn:uuid:f9b1f927-099c-4f75-b8f9-294071ea7269> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techtips.ie/Autoelectro/dont-overlook-the-obvious.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.909163 | 360 | 1.976563 | 2 |
What is the penny buying for South Carolina?: Child development programs for four-year-olds: Student and program characteristics, longitudinal study of academic achievement, and current parent perceptions
Three studies of a South Carolina half-day child development program for at risk four-year-old children, including a descriptive study of program and child characteristics, a longitudinal study through grade three of the academic achievement of participants based on comparisons with nonparticipants, and a study of parent perceptions of the program
Related resources include summaries, versions, measures (instruments), or other resources in which the current document plays a part. Research products funded by the Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation are related to their project records.
Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning (3rd ed.)
These resources share similarities with the current selection. They are found by comparing the topic, author, and resource type of the currently selected resource to the rest of the library’s publications.
Step Up to Quality validation study: The impact of Step Up to Quality on child outcomes | <urn:uuid:9faa8c40-5fcc-4b94-a003-4f6c5010b8ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchconnections.org/childcare/resources/10145 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.926362 | 220 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Science Week 2015 runs from 8th to 15th November. The theme this year is “Design your Future”.
Some of the activities that will take place in the school are as follows:
- Year I will participate in a Science Quiz on Friday 13th November, 2015
- Year II have the opportunity to participate in a Poster Competition entitled ” Design your Future”
Science Week Celebrates 20 Years. Link to website for more information | <urn:uuid:d0956459-d1c5-40c9-8261-80f4857f6ef6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mercycc.ie/2719-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.940403 | 94 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The Department of Law is truly a “global” school with strong connections to the International legal and educational communities. The international activities of the department include visiting professorships, publications in foreign journals and participation in international symposia and conferences.
The essential mission of the department is to help students meet the demands of a rapidly changing legal and professional environment. The department is a center of legal scholarship, whose members work to enlarge society's understanding of law as well as its underlying policies, legal institutions, and legal processes.
The department shared the school’s Administration policy--- to have a faculty composed of specialists with a broad range of professional experience and wide academic interests while sharing the commitment to teach. The knowledge and experience of the department's faculty afford students the opportunity to examine the law in its broadest context and provide them with specialized courses in various areas of law.
Most members of the faculty are involved in certain activities abroad, are experienced in private practice and work as consultants and advisers to governmental and non-governmental agencies. Faculty involvement in such complement and enrich their instruction and contribute to realizing a practical orientated legal education.
The teaching staff of the department develops its skills by participating in various seminars and conferences both in and outside the country. In all the courses, a strong emphasis is placed on the development of skills, whether academic, e.g. those required by legal research or "life skills", e.g. effective oral and written communication in a professional setting. A comparative analysis approach is another method used by the teaching staff, which considers the rich experience of various legal systems and analyzes them during the teaching process.
Distinguished visitors from foreign countries and local specialists who are reputable experts in different areas of law contribute to the development of the department.
It is the department's philosophy that the proper education should help the student make the most of his/her capacity for a full life in the field of law:
1. The legal education offered by the department emphasizes the acquisition of broad and basic knowledge of the law as well as the concentration of a certain area of law.
2. The legal education offered by the department pays primary attention to the development of intellectual and analytical abilities. The Department encourages independence and diversity of thought, seeking to educate graduates in using reasoning processes, communicating and defending his/her ideas on the basis of evidence.
3. The education includes teaching the techniques of the profession and equipping graduates with skills necessary to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of their professional activity.
The research programs of the department include International Law, Human Rights, Comparative Constitutional Law, Business Law and Civil and Criminal Procedures.
The department was the first law institution in Azerbaijan to seek innovative solutions to challenges in areas such as Advocacy, Human Rights, Patent Law, Contract Law, International Humanitarian Law, Business Law, Corporate Governance, etc. At present, more than 20 courses are offered by the department.
The Department of Law is very active in organizing various seminars, summer and winter schools as well as implementing projects on a law.
In its activities the Department of Law cooperates with a number of local and international NGOs, especially with Advocate-Service, the Young Lawyers Association of Azerbaijan, the Association of Women-Lawyers of Azerbaijan, the Society of Legal Education in Azerbaijan, the American Bar Association (ABA), Ombudsman office and the International Committee of the Red Cross.
The first Moot Court in Azerbaijan was established at the School of Law with support from the American Bar Association, Central European and Eurasian Law Initiative (ABA-CEELI). The court has proven to give students hands-on experience in many areas of law. | <urn:uuid:f23c75c5-4dcc-496b-92b9-a5bfe18325b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://khazar.org/en/item/132 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957493 | 743 | 1.867188 | 2 |
A NEW PROCESS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL GAS
A new process for the transportation of natural gas has been developed. The process is referred to as MLG, which stands for Medium Condition Liquefied Gas. The process has been developed and is owned by Ocean Transport Group of New York City. The process employs mild refrigeration and pressure to achieve an adequate increase in density of the gas to prepare it for transport. When transported by ship, the gas is contained aboard the vessel in a multiplicity of pressure containers rather than a few conventional-type atmospheric tanks. The process has been under development for over 5 years. During this time, work has progressed from the laboratory stage through pilot planning and prototyping. Ship classification societies have reviewed and approved the process and the proposed ship design. Development work was culminated recently with the operation of prototype facilities. A Liberty Ship was modified to incorporate gas containers, and gas processing facilities were constructed on-shore. Loading and unloading operations were performed, and the ship made several voyages with gas cargo loaded aboard. Operations were completely successful. The economics for the process show a significant advantage over the conventional LNG method. This advantage results because the reduction in shore facilities cost for the new process more than offsets an increase in ship cost. A comprehensive program of applying for patents on the many innovations incorporated into the process has been followed. World-wide basic process patents have been issued. The process is now ready for commercial use. (Auther)
- Price for entire Proceedings is $20.00.
International Conference on LNG (1st),
- Brocker, R J
- Publication Date: 1968-4
- Pagination: 11 p.
- TRT Terms: Chemical tankers; Design; Freight transportation; Liquefied gases; Liquefied natural gas
- Old TRIS Terms: Lng transportation
- Subject Areas: Design; Freight Transportation; Marine Transportation;
- Accession Number: 00054376
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: National Maritime Research Center, Galveston
- Report/Paper Numbers: Proceeding
- Files: TRIS
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|Course||Course Title||Class||Lab/ Shop||Clinical/ Co-op||Credit|
|OST 080||Keyboarding Literacy||1||2||0||2|
|Effective Term: Spring 1998|
This course is designed to develop elementary keyboarding skills. Emphasis is placed on mastery of the keyboard. Upon completion, students should be able to demonstrate basic proficiency in keyboarding.
- : Comprehensive Articulation Agreement - This course is recommended for students transferring to a four-year university.
- : Local Requirement
- : Instructional Service Agreement
- : Universal General Education Transfer Component (UGETC)
- : Global Distinction
- : Requisite(s) | <urn:uuid:6d532159-0497-44c0-99a7-4aac1e866aed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.forsythtech.edu/catalog/1112/course/OST/080 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.741526 | 174 | 1.789063 | 2 |
October 29, 2018 – Partnering with the Louisiana Department of Education and the workforce development experts at Edge Factor, four CTE Directors in Louisiana are taking the lead in promoting CTE programs and empowering students to discover local career pathways!
These CTE Directors, LaRunda Pierce from Rapides Parish, Tony McCardle from Calcasieu Parish, Staci Polozola from Livingston Parish and Ronda Matthews from Ascension Parish, are equipping middle and high school educators in their region with two-year access to a platform of turnkey, story-driven videos and interactive tools. Known as “the Netflix for Workforce Development”, Edge Factor’s online platform and signature method of merging cinematic storytelling with interactive tools empowers educators and business leaders to inspire students, reach parents, and raise awareness of local career opportunities.
“The need for skilled workers in each parish and statewide continues to grow,” said Krystal Fitzpatrick, Edge Factor’s Regional Director of Community Impact. “These four Parishes in Louisiana are taking exciting steps to raise awareness of local career pathways, teach soft skills, show how Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math (STEAM) comes alive in the real world, and better prepare high school graduates for college and the workforce.”
Edge Factor has linked arms with national and local partners to help communities bridge the gap between business and education and engage audiences in classrooms, homes, and events, in communities all across North America. Implementing the Edge Factor for Education platform in these parishes means that educators and school counselors will be equipped with a library of high impact media and accompanying activities. These resources are designed to inspire students to pursue CTE programs, make STEAM relevant, highlight career profiles, instill soft skills, introduce technology, include hands-on activities, parent resources, cinematic stories, and much more. www.edgefactor.com/education
With the launch of the Education platform in schools, Louisiana businesses now have the opportunity to be featured in classrooms and homes with Edge Factor for Business memberships. They can create and upload videos to the Education platform, that raise awareness of their companies, careers and how STEAM is used in their facilities.
“In every community, we work in, we want to infuse the local flavor of that region into our library of tools,” said Jeremy Bout, Founder of Edge Factor. “This November, we are bringing the Edge Factor film crew to film in each Parish, talking with school leadership and aligning Edge Factor content with Jump Start pathways, meeting local businesses, and organizations. We will be filming real people, in real jobs, highlighting local career opportunities.”
“I love the new items that [Edge Factor] is preparing for the platform and we are very excited to see some personalization to our region/state!” said Staci Polozola, CTE Director of Livingston Parish.
Learn more about Edge Factor and the features available to help you equip and inspire a students career exploration journey. | <urn:uuid:9b1a3ed5-7bf1-4ec7-8232-dcc3372f1d5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.edgefactor.com/louisiana-schools-and-edge-factor-equip-students-to-discover-local-career-pathways | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.932314 | 621 | 1.851563 | 2 |
After the peak in Cleantech VC funding some years ago, are there new trends in cleachtech fundraising today?
Jan Michael Hess: Since last year, I see more and more utilities interested in investing into cleantech startups. There is a rising demand for open innovation from energy providers not only in Germany but all over Europe. It is a big trend that utilities are looking for external innovations outside of their companies, and are opening to new solutions that can be supplied by startups. Some startups are selling their products to the utility, others via the utility to its customers.
Can you name any examples of such cooperation?
Jan Michael Hess: One of the partners of Ecosummit, a German utility RWE, has recently started an innovation hub: an organizational structure, where they concentrate their open innovation activities. RWE used to be active in venture capital (VC), and I know that they are planning to become active again. Another partner, a German energy provider E.ON started strategic co-investments in startup companies. One of the companies E.ON is investing in is Thermondo a Berlin-based startup that sells heating systems online.
How would you assess VC appetite for cleantech investments? In what fields do VCs demonstrate the most interest?
Jan Michael Hess: I wouldnt say that VCs lose interest in cleantech. But, as always, the key idea for them is to invest not in a particular field, but in capital efficient business. A big trend that I see in VC investment now, is that many VCs prefer to support late stage startups. A lot of young companies are trying to enter the market, but not so many of them are successful and fast growing. And these are the startups investors are mostly interested in.
What about solar startups? Any chances for them in terms of early stage investment?
Jan Michael Hess: At the moment, it is very difficult for a startup to offer new technology in the PV sector. The competition with the big players is very tough. And I would say that VCs are not motivated to invest in PV manufacturing. I believe there are still people in the market who have new ideas. But the amount of solar startups offering new PV technology is quite small. Its very difficult for them to raise venture capital on their own. And I dont think they should try to reinvent a solar cell. Instead, they should use the concept of open innovation, talk to the big companies and see if there is an opportunity for cooperation.
Do you know any startups that have already used this opportunity?
Jan Michael Hess: I dont have many examples of such cooperation yet. There is a Sweden-based startup Sol Voltaics, probably the most high-tech company at the upcoming Ecosummit, which is using nanomaterials to increase efficiency of PV cells. I dont think they are planning to bring their technology to the market on their own. Instead, they are aiming to find a big existing solar company to work together.
Another possible business model will be presented at the summit by a late stage startup Greeneergetic – an online shop for PV systems and other green energy solutions. Another example is an early stage company Lumenaza, which is working with utilities, offering them software for green energy distribution. Two more early stage startups, SunOyster and Solarus Sunpower, will be both presenting their thermo-PV technology at the summit.
With the battery storage fast emerging as a market in the PV sector, how successful are the energy storage startups in terms of early stage funding?
Jan Michael Hess: I would say there is a huge potential for startups in the storage sector. Berlin-based Younicos, an intelligent storage and grid solutions provider, is a good example. They are a late stage startup now, but they already have a number of big investors, including First Solar and Panasonic. Another German smart energy storage developer Qinous, a relatively young and successful company, will be also participating in the forthcoming Ecosummit.
Summing up the five years of the Ecosummit history, what are the most successful startup stories that emerged from the event?
Jan Michael Hess: Hard to say. We provide startups with a platform, where they can pitch their ideas and look for investors and partners. But afterwards, we dont always have an opportunity to track their activities and see if they are successful in this partnership. I know a couple a stories, when startups found investors at our event. For example, Sonnen, one of the most successful startups in Europe, which is developing batteries for residential and small commercial customers, came to Ecosummit 2012 in Düsseldorf. It was when they did their first pitch, even before they closed their first funding round. Afterwards, they have been very successful in VC fundraising. Last year, Inven Capital, a VC of a Czech utility CEZ, also invested into Sonnen. And I know that they first discovered the company at Ecosummit 2014.
I know there are more stories like this one, even if we cant track all of them. This is the reason why Ecosummit has grown fast over the last years. 55 startups are presenting at the upcoming event. 52 early stage and nine late stage companies are nominated for the Ecosummit 2016 award. And there is still room for more innovative ideas.
This content is protected by copyright and may not be reused. If you want to cooperate with us and would like to reuse some of our content, please contact: email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:90506d23-7075-4dfa-b3f8-db0e84315d0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pv-magazine.com/2016/04/12/ecosummit-2016-time-for-open-innovation-in-renewable-sector_100024118/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.965534 | 1,141 | 1.5625 | 2 |
I’ve been reading about how to tackle big projects. If you’ve been putting off doing some big projects because they seem so daunting, here are some of the proven ways I discovered about how you can successfully complete your big project: Six Smart Ways To Carry Out Big Projects
- Start with Knowledge: Research your project topic, Acquire Knowledge, and Develop a Plan. Knowledge brings clarity to what you are doing. It helps you avoid obstacles. Insight helps you make decisions about good and bad choices so you can weed out the bad ones.
- Create Good Organizational Structures: -Divide a big project into phases and related groups. Eliminate chaos to make work manageable. You increase your efficiency when you organize and designate specific places for stuff.
- Put Support Systems in Place: Create systems that will maintain and service the big project when it is completed. It’s not enough to create a project if the things necessary to ensure its existence are not put in place ahead of its completion.
- Carry-Out Performance Review: Take stock at the end of each phase of your big project. Review results against the goals you set out to accomplish. When you have satisfactory results at any stage, you should then move on to the next phase.
- Collaborate on Big Projects: Get together a team of people who are skilled in accomplishing the tasks at hand and can work well together. Pooling together different talents ensures outstanding output, all around.
- Rest When it’s Done: When it is all said and done your body and brains need a break. So, at the completion of a big project, you should make time to relax and revitalize yourself for the next one ahead. | <urn:uuid:3d4e9fea-d5e4-4593-a02d-a907979cf445> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://claranartey.com/six-smart-ways-carry-big-projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.909762 | 357 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Mind and Cosmos
Why am I conscious of my purpose?
Ancient Near Eastern views should be considered part of the history of the idea of evolution. The biblical Creation account, in describing the divine actions through which God actually brought the cosmos into existence, was likely deconstructing the alternative theories or speculations of origins available in the Ancient Near East. Consequently, the biblical narrative can be used as well to deconstruct contemporary cosmogonies and evolution. This article was originally published on Perspective Digest, v.24/3.
Confirmation that fathers may sometimes pass mitochondrial DNA to their children violates the assumptions used to calculate the age of the most recent female common ancestor of all living humans. Published in Origins v. 21, n. 2.
Archaeopteryx is arguably the most famous fossil ever discovered. It has a mixture of bird-like and reptile-like traits, and was first reported only two years after Charles Darwin published his book, The Origin of Species. Since then, another eleven Archaeopteryx specimens have been recovered from the limestones near Solnhofen, Germany.
Two important papers were published in May 2017, warranting an update on the subject of Homo naledi.
The aim of this article is to use the example of Homo naledi to illustrate the distinction between data and interpretations, and to discuss some of the questions a biblical creationist might have in relation to this new discovery.
This article was originally published as a chapter in the book “The Genesis Creation Account and Its Reverberations in the Old Testament."
Researchers discuss the role and position of Neanderthals in an alleged evolutionary process and debate whether they went extinct before, during or after anatomically modern humans colonized the northern hemisphere, and if the former interbred with the latter. However, many recent studies, ranging from genetics to the analysis of Neanderthal technology and culture suggest that Neanderthals might be understood within a different scientific framework.
Recent discoveries have shown artistic behaviors in Neanderthals including decoration of their bodies with jewelry and probably pigment. Moreover, these are clear indicators that they made use of language and verbal communication.
Recently, the city buses in my neighborhood gained a new set of brightly-colored advertisements along their sides. In bold letters, they proclaimed that humans and chimpanzees are 98% identical: “Come and meet your relatives.”
A review of the book, A Meaningful World: How the Arts and Sciences Reveal the Genius of Nature. Darwinian reductionism dissolves appreciation of the genius behind masterpieces. In the real world, science and the arts each enrich and complement understanding of the other; both, at their best, are part of and point to the same Truth. Published in Origins, n. 61.
The gift of life is conferred on humankind in an intimate face-to-face encounter. God forms a work of art out of moist clay. A bond with this piece of art begins to grow in the gentle process of making. Then comes that incredible moment.
A collection of short commentaries on scientific papers published in 2003, covering topics such as bird conservation, convergence in corals, biogeography, banded iron formations, Cretaceous and Permian mass extinctions, Mediterranean evaporite, Homo floresienses, Archaeopteryx brain, fossil patterns, fossil insect, fossil hummingbird, fossil mammals, and speciation. Published in Origins n. 57.
A review of the book, Agents Under Fire: Materialism and the Rationality of Science. Published in Origins, n. 57.
A collection of short commentaries on scientific papers published in 2003, covering topics such as frog biogeography, moas, the hoatzin, magic bullets in creationism, intelligent design, gene duplication, snail variation, Cambrian lagerstatten, extraterrestrial impacts, hotspots, carbonates, mitochondrial Eve, pseudogene function, mutations in bacteria, fossil diversity patterns, feathered dinosaurs, the fossil Microraptor, intermediate fossil Ichthyostega, problems with the evolutionary tree, and mitochondrial DNA differences. Published in Origins n. 58.
A collection of short commentaries on scientific papers published in 1998, 1999, covering topics such as developmental genes in sea urchins, dinosaur lungs, Archaeopteryx bones, Darwin's finches, parallel evolution, evolutionism, variation in bacteria, genetic load, human origins, Neanderthal DNA, molecular evolution, origin of life, biogeography of Madagascar, fossil record, problems in phylogeny of microbes and whales. Published in Origins n. 51.
Given the current database on fossil hominids, caution is warranted. Indeed, it would be premature to draw any definitive conclusions with regard to the origins of these organisms and their relationship to the Genesis record.
A collection of short commentaries on scientific papers published in 1996, covering topics such as Homo erectus, the Permian mass extinction, mutations in Chernobyl rodents, dropstones, yeast genome, Heart Mt detachment, carbonate cycles, eye development gene, RNA World, Archaeopteryx, Cambrian chordate, turtles, stromatolites, and pseudogenes. Published in Origins v. 23, n. 1. | <urn:uuid:ea924188-9ed0-469c-9bb1-f2dca888729e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grisda.org/articles?pages=8897%7C8898%7C8940%7C8966%7C8973%7C13256%7C13260%7C13320%7C13387%7C13578%7C13583%7C13604%7C13609%7C13857%7C14024%7C14145%7C14182%7C14185%7C14237%7C14264%7C14275%7C14286%7C14360%7C14378%7C14399%7C14419%7C14471%7C14655%7C14188%7C14216&type=Articles&tags=neanderthal%7Chomo%20naledi%7Cmosaic%20forms%7Chuman%20nature%20and%20origin%7Chominins%7Caustralopiths%7Caustralopithecus%7Cardipithecus%7Chomo-floresiensis%7Chomo-erectus%7Chomo-habilis%7Caustralopithecus-sediba%7Cinbreeding | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.914046 | 1,073 | 3.015625 | 3 |
A few days ago, I told you a story about joy. A few days later, a sad nobody walked into a school in Connecticut and stole the lives of 25 people, many of them young children.
It wasn’t long after when this photograph of some of the victims of the shooting made it’s way around Facebook. I couldn’t help but gravitate towards the young girl on the top row, second from the right. I looked at her shirt, the words “Joy” written on it, and I was overwhelmed.
It took me a while to figure out who she was: Olivia Engel, 6 years old. If our son Oliver had been born a girl, his name would have been Olivia. An olive branch, throughout history, has been a symbol of peace or victory. My heart mourns for the Engel family right now, and I can’t fathom how long it might be before they feel peace or victory in their lives. But today, instead of choosing to remember the name of a killer made famous by sensationalist media, I will choose to remember the name of Olivia Engel.
Olivia was born on July 18, 2006 and “brought immediate joy to all those around her with her ever-present smile and adorably infectious giggle”.
According to a tribute written in the Newtown Bee:
Quickly growing from a happy, bouncing baby who clung tightly to her stuffed lamb into an enthusiastic, loving little girl who always wanted to do and see more, Olivia’s zest for life began early. With help from her adoring parents, she quickly developed an affinity for all things fun. On any given afternoon, one could just as easily find Olivia twirling in a pink tutu in dance class, developing her swing on the tennis court, kicking the winning soccer goal, drawing, painting, and gluing things in art class, or honing her inner songstress in her community musical theater class.
This Christmas, as you sit down with your family to dinner, will you stop for a minute to remember one of these children, and say a prayer for their families? | <urn:uuid:d9f681e2-b39b-40d2-bd2a-27d737fbd301> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://humandoing.net/remembering-olivia-engel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.973501 | 443 | 1.5 | 2 |
Despite claims that they are independent of one another sports and politics are intricately intertwined, argues our columnist Taye Negussie (PhD). More often than not, politics manifests itself through sports, and the occasions of sporting events serve as apt moments to communicate about one’s political linings. This is possible because of the ways both national and local identities become associated with sports teams.
This is particularly true in the realm of what has become the world’s sport: football. Since both governments and ordinary citizens have become so physically, emotionally and mentally involved in that particular game, it has become another branch of political expression, identity and propaganda.
For example, in Europe, during the era of the dictatorships that plagued the continent from 1930s through 1950s, the link between football and politics was extremely visible when the dictatorial regimes often used the victories of their national football teams as vindicating their rather crazy policies, whereas, the ordinary masses seized the occasions of football matches to demonstrate either their loyalty and alignment with or dissatisfaction and resistances to the ideologies of the incumbent regimes.
Last month, the Ethiopian national football team played against its Nigerian counterpart in the first African qualifying round for the 2014 FIFA World Cup here in Addis Ababa. By and large, it was a game which captured the heart and imagination of each and every Ethiopian fan. The weeks and days leading up to the match rather looked like a carnival–with a bustling market of the tri-color national team attire and every other conceivable artifact symbolizing the national team; people wearing and marking faces and bodies with the bright green, yellow and red national colors singing and chanting nationalistic songs on streets; even some government-owned FM radios – in uncharacteristic move – playing the long-shelved nationalistic and patriotic music; some exuberant fans travelling on foot to the capital from far-off places like Adamma as a gesture of their deep and heart-felt commitment and support to the national team.
The moment of the match brought the capital and many other major cities and towns to stand-still when crowds of supporters anxiously watched the game from inside the stadium, in large venues and halls, their homes, bars, and cafeterias. Though at the end of the match in which Ethiopia lost 2 – 1 against Nigeria the whole country was engulfed into deeply subdued mood, many supporters shone a remarkable spirit of hope and encouragement at the amazing football skills of the national team–‘the Walias’. On the whole, the infectious nationalistic fervor and exuberance of the Ethiopian national team fans was beyond expression, to say the least.
Now the question arises as to what may possibly explain the enthusiastic and near-hysteria support of the Ethiopian fans to their national team. Is it out of mere passion for football? Does it emanate from the long-tradition of football as a national sport? Or, is it because of a track record of past successes by the national team in continental or world football cups, in the likes of Brazil?
To be sure, none of these can help to explain the issue at hand. As suggested earlier, there will be no doubt about the close interplay between sports (more particularly football) and politics. Especially, in hard and trying moments, football transcends sport and takes on a wide-reaching political or symbolic relevance.
In the contemporary Ethiopian case, I suppose, the issue might be comprehended better when examined within the context of contrasting dimensions of football-politics nexus as unfolded in the post-2005 election period – football serving, paradoxically enough, both as a means of disengagement from as well as engagement in politics concurrently.
Football as disengagement from politics
Though Ethiopia doesn’t have any strong tradition of football, as of recent it has become almost a national passion. One grim consequence of the tragic 2005 national election which claimed the lives of as many as 200 civilians was to drastically change the attitudes and lifestyles of a significant number of Ethiopian youth. Given the draconian laws and measures (following the election turmoil), the democratic space in the country has substantively been curtailed; and it comes as no surprise to see afterwards many youth being politically apathetic.
By way of escaping the bloody politics, many youngsters have since then resorted to an acquisitive and self-absorbed lifestyle where the burgeoning popular culture such as the European football loomed large. Meanwhile, the life and stories of football players in the Premier League, Bundesliga, and La Liga have become the only agenda that the youth in Ethiopia can freely and safely discuss about.
This move on the part of the youth appeared to be a welcome measure tacitly facilitated by the government as it distracts them from engagement in opposition politics and grass-root civil movement – a respite for a government which no longer has the stomach for any dissenting views.
Football as engagement in politics
Paradoxically, the same politically-disengaging football, at times, has served as a facet of ideological battle as witnessed in the recently held Ethiopian national football team qualifier playoffs for 2013African Cup of Nations and the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
A close observation of the cheering symbols, narrations, actions undertaken on the occasions of the aforementioned matches quite well reveal some tacit contest of symbolic political discourse underway between the government and the larger football fans.
For instance, much of the government-owned media programs attempted to depict the unprecedented recent successes of the Ethiopian national football team presumably as a showcase of the fruits of the government’s economic and social “renaissance” program vindicating the ruling party’s “triumphant” leadership.
Whereas, on the other hand, the cheering symbols, mood and emotions of the larger national team fans speak otherwise. Witness the incident that though the government mandated the hoisting of the new tri-color national flag that has the coat of arms in the middle in all public occasions by law, several enthusiastic fans were trying to manipulate every opportunity that would lend them a hand to wave the tri-color national flag without the coat of arms as an embodiment of the Ethiopian nationalistic sentiment.
All in all, against the dismal record of the present government on the agenda of national unity and solidarity for the past two decades, the nationalistic fervor among people nearly across the whole country and beyond in the wake of the recent occasions of the national team matches evidently suggests the still intact Ethiopian spirit, unity and collective consciousness that has not changed or been diminished as might be expected otherwise. Moreover, the apparent resistant symbolic display by the larger football fans during such moments may also testify a defiant and protesting gesture against the repressive, divisive and polarizing hegemonic ethnic-politics that has been imposed by the current ruling regime. | <urn:uuid:59dbe093-db27-41fa-a208-9bb9d91e682c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://addisstandard.com/the-football-politics-nexus-in-ethiopia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956798 | 1,375 | 2.140625 | 2 |
33% RZ-DPSK 10 Gb/s WDM Transmission
Engineering and Technology Journal,
2011, Volume 29, Issue 11, Pages 2282-2297
Abstract200 GHz-spaced 16-channel 40Gbit/s WDM signal transmission is proposed in Cband using 33% return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying (RZ-DPSK) format over a 5 spans of dispersion shifted-Anomalous fiber link. A parametric run on each span fiber length is performed (from 25 km up to 100 km). The performance of 16 40 Gb/s 33% RZ-DPSK WDM channels is analyzed using the “Optical Simulation “
software. While, the nonlinearity results related to optical fiber system have been simulated. Results that are given in this work are obtained using MATLAB R2009b (version 220.127.116.119).
- Article View: 91
- PDF Download: 15 | <urn:uuid:bb4f7511-0a5c-4a16-ab2f-1144a6e757c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_32036.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.833459 | 209 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Last week the Rand Corporation released a study prepared for the Commission on Health and Safety and Workers’ Compensation on the effect of experience rating modifications.
The conclusion of Rand was that lowering the premium threshold for California employers to be eligible for experience rating modifications would improve worker safety and reduce employer costs.
This has been a topic of discussion for the past couple of years at the Workers' Compensation Insurance Rating Bureau (WCIRB).
As of July 1, 2012, the qualifying threshold for employers to receive an experience modification factor is a total of $25,225 in premium over the previous three years, calculated at the pure premium rate level as opposed to the premium actually paid to the carrier. So while an employer might have paid $28,000 in premiums over the previous three policy years, if its pure premium rates based on employee classification codes total less than $25,225, the employer would not be eligible for experience rating.
The Rating Bureau sets the rating threshold for California employers in its Experience Rating Plan, and the Insurance Commissioner has to approve any changes to the plan.
To measure the impact that experience rating has on employers, researchers compared businesses that recently became experience rated to those that were near the threshold, but didn't qualify for experience rating. The differences between the two groups should come as no surprise to anyone that believes in the power of market economics on human behavior.
This comparison of “virtually identical” employers showed an 8.4% decrease in claim reports after a business became experience rated for the first time.
While there was a decrease in claim activity for employers recently experience rated, the average cost per claim did not change. The researchers say it was unlikely that these employers were suppressing claims.
If employers were not reporting claims, Frank Neuhauser, a researcher with the University of California, Berkley, and one of the authors of the study, said the average cost per claim should increase, in part because smaller claims are easier to conceal. Additionally, smaller claims have a bigger impact in calculating experience modifications, or X-Mods, and the premiums that employers ultimately pay.
Another point of contention in the equation is the "split point" used to determine any discounts.
In calculating an X-Mod, carriers use the full cost of the claim up to the split point threshold, which is $7,000 in California, and discount the cost of the claim above that amount. The premiums charged to a small employer that is experience rated would increase by about the same amount if that business had a single $4,000 claim or a single $1 million claim.
Carriers can apply debits and credits to increase or decrease the premiums they charge, and larger carriers will often have two subsidiaries, one offering lower rates for employers with better claims histories, and the other charging higher rates for more risky employers.
But carriers aren't applying the discounts to small employers, largely because they don't consider the experience of a small employer to be credible in predicting future experience - their loss experiences are too diverse to be predictive of future behavior.
The next step researchers are going to look at, according to the story, is to examine the effect of adjusting the split point for determining primary and excess losses to see if lowering the split point reduces the variability in premiums charged to small employers.
This has been a point of discussion within the WCIRB of late, and the National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI), rate maker for most states, has already put into place plans to increase the split point and then tie it to inflation.
Which brings me to my basic point - in California we had a monumental change to the workers' compensation laws dealing with claims, and primarily litigated claims. These changes were pushed by Big Business and to a lesser extent Big Labor.
There was no consideration for Small Business. There was no consideration for dealing with the underwriting component of workers' compensation - the part that most directly affects Small Business.
And yet Small Business when aggregated is by far the biggest employer in the state and is disproportionately affected by the costs of workers' compensation both directly and indirectly.
I see that as a fundamental flaw in the entire negotiation and implementation of SB 863 - especially in light of the fact that in rating an employer for premium purposes the system makes a big distinction concerning the size of the business.
Listen, we all know that Small Business has no say in the California Chamber of Commerce, one of the big proponents of SB 863. We all know that Small Business really has no clout, no organization, no unification whatsoever in the political process of Sacramento. The Small Business owner is too busy trying to make payroll, manage inventory, people, customers all by him or her self.
At least it appears that the WCIRB is listening, and has some idea that Small Business really is important to the economy.
Working the experience modification formula and rating thresholds is a good first step towards making the economic burden of paying workers' compensation premiums, and engendering a more safety conscious Small Business population.
On another note, it was interesting to see, the day after my vacation started, that the Los Angeles Times ran a story about Deloitte's imbalanced ability to leverage contacts, political contributions and persuasion to garner California state information technology contracts and the huge cost overruns, as well as failed implementation, of these systems - notably the Division of Workers' Compensation's Electronic Adjudication Management System.
The Times story touches on why EAMS doesn't do what I think it should do: money influencing politics. I'm glad to see that a large daily publication at least is bringing this to the public's attention, albeit a bit tardily. | <urn:uuid:8434b7f1-a38f-4fd7-9803-a4affec83482> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://daviddepaolo.blogspot.com/2013/01/rand-wcirb-finally-address-small.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961478 | 1,223 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Brain Power Enrichment Programs aim to develop problem-solving abilities in students who wish to improve their skills. Additionally, the program may provide challenging, stimulating and inspirational learning experiences through engagement with math and logic problem solving for gifted children. This book accompanies a Level Two student through his/her second semester of the problem solving program (or it may be used independently as a problem solving workbook). All Brain Power programs are based on a step-by-step approach, which enables students to understand problems of increasing complexity. Level Two continues to equip students typically in grades 6 to 8 with problem solving strategies and techniques, and supports the application of these skills to algebra and geometry.
The implications for improving one’s problem solving skills are numerous. These include a more positive attitude toward math and science, improved thinking flexibility and creativity in all subject areas, as well as increased success on academic, gifted, university admissions, and professional program tests (many of which are designed with an emphasis on assessing higher-order thinking skills). Moreover, knowledge of a range of problem solving strategies coupled with experience in their application, have benefits which transcend the classroom and enter the realm of professional, social, and intellectual accomplishment. | <urn:uuid:3c4155ea-4ccd-47f5-86ea-a6cc110b812f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/BookDetails/368017-brain-power-enrichment-level-two-book-two-student-version-grades-6-8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956405 | 242 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Where is the biggest dam in China?
Three Gorges Dam
Accroding to Wikimedia, the Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, China. The Three Gorges Dam is the world’s largest power station in terms of installed capacity (22,500 MW).
Where is the largest dam located?
Currently, the tallest dam in the world is Nurek Dam on the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan. It is 984 feet (300 meters) tall. Hoover Dam is 726.4 feet (221.3 meters) tall.
Where is the Three Gorges Dam built?
The Three Gorges Dam Project (TGP) is located in the Xilingxia Gorge in Hubei province of China. Credit: ROBERT HUFFSTUTTER. Three Gorges dam was constructed in 2008.
What is the deepest dam in the world?
Parker Dam is a concrete arch structure commonly called the ‘deepest dam in the world’.
Which is the oldest dam in world?
The Quatinah Barrage or Lake Homs Dam, located in Syria, is the oldest operational dam in the world. The dam was constructed during the reign of the Egyptian Pharaoh Sethi between 1319-1304 BC, and was expanded during the Roman period and between 1934 and 1938.
Which is the longest dam in the world?
Hirakud Dam With a great 27 kilometers in length, Hirakud is the longest dam in the world.
Which is the best dam in the world?
The World’s 7 Most Amazing Dams
- 7) Hoover Dam – Nevada/Arizona, United States.
- 6) Three Gorges Dam – Hubei, China.
- 5) The Karun-3 Dam – Khuzestan, Iran.
- 4) The Inguri Dam – Jvari, Georgia.
- 3) Vajont – Erto E Casso, Italy.
- 2) Sand Dams – Kenya.
- 1) Largest Beaver Dam – Wood Buffalo Park, Canada.
Which state is the oldest dam in India?
state of Tamil Nadu
India is a land rich with history, and one of its many wonders is the Kallanai Dam. Also known as the Grand Anicut, the dam is thought to be the oldest dam in the world that’s still in use. The dam is now in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, but its history goes back around 1,750 years before the creation of the state.
Who is largest dam in India?
|3||Idukki (Eb)/Idukki Arch Dam||Kerala|
|4||Bhakra Dam||Himachal Pradesh|
How big is the Three Gorges Dam in mw?
Credit: Le Grand Portage, Wikipedia In 2012, the Three Gorges Dam in China took over the #1 spot of the largest hydroelectric dam (in electricity production), replacing the Itaipú hydroelectric power plant in Brazil and Paraguay. The Three Gorges Dam has a generating capacity of 22,500 megawatts (MW) compared to 14,000 MW for the Itaipu Dam.
Which is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world?
Three Gorges Dam, China is the world’s largest hydroelectric facility. (Credit: Le Grand Portage, Wikipedia) In 2012, the Three Gorges Dam in China took over the #1 spot of the largest hydroelectric dam (in electricity production), replacing the Itaipú hydroelectric power plant in Brazil and Paraguay.
How big is the Three Gorges Dam compared to Itaipu Dam?
The Three Gorges Dam has a generating capacity of 22,500 megawatts (MW) compared to 14,000 MW for the Itaipu Dam. But, over a year-long period, both dams can generate about the same amount of electricity because seasonal variations in water availability on the Yangtze River in China limit…
How did China destroy the Three Gorges Dam?
Using enough explosives to level 400 ten-story buildings, China demolished the last barrier holding back the mighty Yangtze River from the Three Gorges Dam on Tuesday, according to government- controlled media. | <urn:uuid:23dd15c8-9010-42db-a936-49167f044798> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://corporatetaxratenow.com/where-is-the-biggest-dam-in-china/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.907161 | 985 | 2.875 | 3 |
The Writings of C
Charles Webster Leadbeater
(1858 – 1934)
An Outline of Theosophy
What it is
How is it Known
The Method of Observation
The Three Great Truths
Advantage Gained from this Knowledge
The Divine Scheme
The Constitution of Man
The True Man
The Wider Outlook
Man’s Past and Future
Cause and Effect
What Theosophy does for us
WHAT IT IS
For many a year men have been discussing arguing, enquiring about certain great
basic truths – about the existence and the Nature of God, about His relation to
man, and about the past and future of humanity. So radically have they differed
on these points, and so bitterly have they assailed and ridiculed one another’s
beliefs, that there has come to be a firmly-rooted popular opinion that with
regard to all these matters there is no certainty available – nothing but vague
speculation amid a cloud of unsound deductions drawn from ill-established
premises. And this in spite of the very definite, though frequently incredible,
assertions made on these subjects on behalf of the various religions.
This popular opinion, though not unnatural under the circumstances, is entirely
untrue. There are definite facts available – plenty of them. Theosophy gives
them to us; but it offers them not (as religions do) as matters of faith, but as
subjects for study. It is itself not a religion, but it bears to religions the
same relation as did the ancient philosophies. It does not contradict them, but
explains them. Whatever in any of them is unreasonable, it rejects as
necessarily unworthy of the Deity and derogatory to Him; whatever is reasonable
in each and all of them it takes up, explains and emphasises, and thus combines
all into one harmonious whole.
It holds that truth on all these most important points is attainable – that
there is a great body of knowledge about them already existing. It considers all
the various religions as statements of that truth from different points of view;
since, though they differ much as to nomenclature and as to articles of belief,
they all agree as to the only matter which are of real importance – the kind of
life which a good man should lead, the qualities which he must develop, the
vices which he must avoid. On these practical points the teaching is identical
in Hinduism and Buddhism, in Zoroasterianism and Muhammadanism, in Judaism and Christianity.
Theosophy may be described to the outside world as an intelligent theory of the
universe. Yet for those who have studied it, it is not theory, but fact; for it
is a definite science, capable of being studied, and its teachings are
verifiable by investigation and experiment for those who are willing to take the
trouble to qualify themselves for such enquiry. It is a statement of the great
facts of Nature so far as they are known – an outline of the scheme of our
corner of the universe.
HOW IS IT KNOWN
How did this scheme become known, some may ask; by whom was it
discovered? We cannot speak of it as discovered, for in truth it has always been known to mankind, though sometimes temporarily forgotten in certain parts of the world.
There has always existed a certain body of highly developed men – men not of any one nation, but of all the advanced nations – who have held it in its fullness;
and there has always been pupils of these men, who were specially studying it,
while its broad principles have always been known in the outer world. This body
of highly-developed men exists now, as in past ages, and Theosophical teaching
is published to the Western world at their instigation, and through a few of
Those who are ignorant have sometimes clamorously insisted that, if this be so,
these truths ought to have been published long ago; and most unjustly they
accuse the possessors of such knowledge of undue reticence in withholding them from the world at large. They forget that all who really sought these truths
have always been able to find them, and that it is only now that we are in the
Western world are truly beginning to seek.
For many centuries Europe was content to live, for the most part, in the
grossest superstition; and when reaction at last set in from the absurdity and
bigotry of those beliefs, it brought a period of atheism, which was just as
conceited and bigoted in another direction. So that it is really only now that
some of the humbler and more reasonable of our people are beginning to admit
that they know nothing, and to enquire whether there is not real information
Though these reasonable enquirers are as yet a small minority, the Theosophical
Society has been founded in order to draw them together, and its books are put
before the public so that those who will, may read, mark, learn, and inwardly
digest these great truths. Its mission is not to force its teaching upon
reluctant minds, but simply to offer it, so that those may take it who feel the
need for it. We are not in the least under the delusion of the poor arrogant
missionary, who dares to condemn to an unpleasant eternity every one who will
not pronounce his little provincial shibboleth; we are perfectly aware that all
will at last be well for those who cannot as yet see their way to accept the
truth, as well as for those who receive it with avidity.
But the knowledge of this truth has, for us and for thousands of others, made
life easier to bear and death easier to face; and it is simply the wish to share
these benefits with our fellow men that urges us to devote ourselves to writing
and lecturing on these subjects. The broad outlines of the great truths have
been widely known in the world for thousands of years, and are so known in the
present day. It is only we in the West who, in our incredible self-sufficiency ,
have remained ignorant of them, and scoffed at any fragment of them which may
have come in our way.
As in the case of any other science, so in this science of the soul, full
details are known only to those who devote their lives to its pursuit. The men
who fully know – those who are called Adepts – have patiently developed within
themselves the powers necessary for perfect observation. For in this respect
there is a difference between the methods of occult investigation and those of
the more modern form of science; this latter devotes all its energy to the
improvement of its instruments, while the former aims rather at development of
THE METHOD OF OBSERVATION
The detail of this development would take up more space than can be devoted to it in a preliminary manual such as this. The whole scheme will be found fully
explained in other Theosophical works; for the moment let it suffice to say that
it is entirely a question of vibration. All information which reaches a man from
the world without, reaches him by means of vibration of some sort, whether it be
through the senses of sight, hearing or touch. Consequently, if a man is able to
make himself sensitive to additional vibrations he will acquire additional
information; he will become what is commonly called “clairvoyant”.
This word, as commonly used, means nothing more than a slight extension of
normal vision; but it is possible for a man to become more and more sensitive to
the subtler vibrations, until his consciousness, acting through many developed
faculties, functions freely in new and higher ways. He will then find new worlds
of subtler matter opening up before him, though in reality they are only new
portions of the world he already knows.
He learns in this way that a vast unseen universe exists round him during his
whole life, and that it is constantly affecting him in many ways, even though he
remains blindly unconscious of it. But when he develops faculties whereby he
can sense these other worlds, it becomes possible for him to observe them
scientifically, to repeat his observations many times, to compare them with
those of others, to tabulate them, and draw deductions from them.
All this has been done – not once, but thousands of times. The Adepts of whom I spoke have done this to the fullest possible extent, but many efforts along the
same line have been made by our own Theosophical students. The result of our
investigations has been not only to verify much of the information given to us
at the outset by those Adepts, but also to explain and amplify it very
The sight of this usually unseen portion of our world at once brings to our
knowledge a vast body of entirely new facts which are of the very deepest
interest. It gradually solves for us many of the most difficult problems of
life; it clears up for us many mysteries so that we now see them to have been
mysteries to us for so long, only because heretofore we saw so small a part of
the facts, because we were looking at the various matters from below, and as
isolated and unconnected fragments, instead of rising above them to a standpoint whence they are comprehensible as parts of a mighty whole.
It settles in a moment many questions which have been much disputed – such, for example, as that of the continued existence of man after death. It affords us
the true explanation of all the wildly impossible statements made by the
churches about heaven, hell and purgatory; it dispels our ignorance and removes
our fear of the unknown by supplying us with a rational and orderly scheme. What this scheme is I will now endeavour to explain.
It is my desire to make this statement of Theosophy as clear and readily
comprehensible as possible, and for this reason I shall at every point give
broad principles only, referring those who wish for detailed information to
larger books, or to monographs upon particular subjects. I hope at the end of
each chapter of this little treatise to give a list of such books as should be
consulted by those who desire to go more deeply into this most fascinating
I shall begin then, by a statement of the most striking of the broad general
principles which emerge as a result of Theosophical study. There may be those
who find here matter which is incredible to them, or matter which runs entirely
contrary to their preconceived ideas. If that be so, then I would ask such men
to remember that I am not putting this forward as a theory – as a metaphysical
speculation or a pious opinion of my own – but as a definite scientific fact
proved and examined over and over again, not only by myself, but many others
Furthermore, I claim that it is a fact which may be verified at first hand by
any person who is willing to devote the time and trouble necessary to fit
himself for the investigation. I am not offering to the reader a creed to be
swallowed like a pill; I am trying to set before him a system to study, and
above all, a life to live. I ask no blind faith from him; I simply suggest to
him the consideration of the Theosophical teaching as a hypothesis, though to me it is no hypothesis, but a living fact.
If he finds it more satisfactory than others which have been presented to him,
if it seems to him to solve more of the problems of life, to answer a greater
number of the questions which inevitably arise for thinking man, then he will
pursue its study further, and will find in it, I hope and believe, the same
ever-increasing satisfaction and joy that I have myself found.
If on the other hand, he thinks some other system preferable, no harm is done;
he has simply learnt something of the tenets of a body of men with whom he is as yet unable to agree. I have sufficient faith in it myself to believe that,
sooner or later, a time will come when he will agree with them – when he also
will know what we know.
THE THREE GREAT TRUTHS
In one of our earliest Theosophical books it was written that there are three
truths which are absolute and cannot be lost, but yet may remain silent for lack
of speech. They are as great as life itself, and yet as simple as the simplest
mind of man. I can hardly do better than paraphrase these for the greatest of my
I will then give some corollaries which follow naturally from them, and then,
thirdly, some of the more prominent of the advantageous results which
necessarily attend this definite knowledge. Having thus outlined the scheme in
tabular form, I will take it up point by point, and endeavour to offer such
elementary explanations as come within the scope of this little introductory
1. God exists, and He is good. He is the great life-giver who dwells
within us and without us, is undying and eternally beneficent. He is not heard,
nor seen, nor touched, yet is perceived by the man who desires perception.
2. Man is immortal, and his future is one whose glory and splendour have
3. A Divine law of absolute justice rules the world, so that each man is
in truth his own judge, the dispenser of glory or gloom to himself, the decreer
of his life, his reward, his punishment.
To each of these great truths are attached certain others, subsidiary and
From the first of them it follows:-
1. That, in spite of appearance, all things are definitely and intelligently moving together for good; that all circumstances, however untoward they may seem, are in reality exactly what are needed; that everything around us tends, not to hinder us, but to help us, if it is only understood.
2.That since the whole scheme thus tends to man’s benefit, clearly it is
his duty to learn to understand it.
3That when he thus understands it, it is also his duty intelligently to
co-operate in this scheme.
From the second great truth it follows:-
1.That the true man is a soul, and that this body is only an appanage.
2.That he must therefore, regard everything from the standpoint of the
soul, and that in every case when an internal struggle takes place he must
realise his identity with the higher and not with the lower.
3.That what we commonly call his life is only one day in his true and
4.That death is a matter of far less importance than is usually supposed,
since it is by no means the end of life, but merely the passage from one stage
of it to another.
5.That man has an immense evolution behind him, the study of which is
most fascinating, interesting and instructive.
6.That he has also a splendid evolution before him, the study of which
will be even more fascinating and instructive.
7.That there is an absolute certainty of final attainment for every human
soul, no matter how far he may have seemed to have strayed from the path of
From the third great truth it follows:-
1.That every thought, word, or action produces its definite result – not
a reward or a punishment imposed from without, but a result inherent in the
action itself, definitely connected with it in the relation of cause and effect,
these being really but two inseparable parts of one whole.
2.That it is both the duty and interest of man to study this divine law
closely, so that he will be able to adapt himself to it and to use it, as we use
other great laws of nature.
3.That it is necessary for man to attain perfect control over himself, so
that he may guide his life intelligently in accordance with this law.
ADVANTAGES GAINED FROM THIS KNOWLEDGE
When this knowledge is fully assimilated, it changes the aspect of life so
completely that it would be impossible for me to tabulate all the advantages
which flow from it. I can only mention a few of the principal lines along which
this change is produced, and the reader’s own thought will, no doubt, supply
some of the endless ramifications which are their necessary consequence.
But it must be understood that no vague knowledge will be sufficient. Such
belief as most men accord to the assertions of their religions will be quite
useless, since it produces no practical effect in their lives. But if we
believe in these truths as we do in the other laws of nature – as we believe
that fire burns and that water drowns – then the effect that they produce in our
lives is enormous.
For our belief in the laws of Nature is sufficiently real to induce us to order
our lives in accordance with it. Believing that fire burns, we take every
precaution to avoid fire; believing that water drowns, we avoid going into
water too deep for us unless we can swim.
Now these beliefs are so definite and real to us because they are founded on
knowledge and illustrated by daily experience; and the beliefs of the
Theosophical student are equally real and definite to him for exactly the same
reason. And that is why we find following from them the results now to be
1.We gain a rational comprehension of life – we know how we should live
and why, and we learn that life is worth living when properly understood.
2.We learn how to govern ourselves, and therefore how to develop
3.We learn how best to help those whom we love, how to make ourselves
useful to all with whom we come into contact, and ultimately to the whole human
4.We learn to view everything from the wider philosophical standpoint –
never from the petty and purely personal side.
5.The troubles of life are no longer so large for us.
6.We have no sense of injustice in connection with our surroundings or
7.We are altogether freed from the fear of death.
8.Our grief in connection with the death of those whom we love is very
9.We gain a totally different view of life after death, and we understand
its place in our evolution.
10.We are altogether free from religious fears or worry, either for ourselves
or for our friends – fears as to the salvation of the soul, for example.
11.We are no longer troubled by uncertainty as to our future fate, but live
in perfect serenity and perfect fearlessness.
Now let us take these points in detail, and endeavour briefly to explain them.
When we lay down the existence of God as the first and greatest of our
principles, it becomes necessary for us to define the sense in which we employ
that much abused, yet mighty word. We try to redeem it from the narrow limits
imposed on it by the ignorance of undeveloped men, and to restore to it the
splendid conception – splendid, though so infinitely below the reality – given
to it by the founders of religions. And we distinguish between God as the
Infinite Existence, and the manifestation of this Supreme Existence as a
revealed God, evolving and guiding a universe.
Only to this limited manifestation should the term “ a personal God” be applied.
God in Himself is beyond the bounds of the personality, is “in all and through
all”, and indeed is all; and of the Infinite, the Absolute, the All, we can only
say “He is”.
For all practical purposes we need not go further than that marvellous and
glorious manifestation of Him (a little less entirely beyond our comprehension)
the great Guiding Force or deity of our own solar system, whom philosophers have called the Logos. Of Him is true all that we have ever heard predicted of God – all that is good, that is – not the blasphemous conceptions sometimes put
forward, ascribing to Him human vices.
But all that has ever been said of the love, the wisdom, the power the patience
and compassion, the omniscience, the omnipresence, the omnipotence –all of this, and much more, is true of the Logos of our system. Verily “in Him we live and move and have our being”, not as a poetical expression, but (strange as it may seem ) as a definite scientific fact; and so when we speak of the deity our
first thought is naturally of the Logos.
We do not vaguely hope that He may be; we do not even believe as a matter of
faith that He is; we simply know it as we know that the sun shines, for to the
trained and developed clairvoyant investigator this Mighty existence is a
definite certainty. Not that any merely human development can enable us directly
to see Him, but that unmistakable evidence of His action and His purpose
surrounds us on every side as we study the life of the unseen world, which is in
reality only the higher part of this.
Here we meet the explanation of a dogma which is common to all religions – that
of the Trinity. Incomprehensible as many of the statements made on this subject
in our creeds may seem to the ordinary reader, they become significant and
luminous when the truth is understood. As He shows Himself to us in His work,
the Solar Logos is undoubtedly triple – three yet one, as religion has long ago
told us; and as much of the explanation of this apparent mystery as the intellect of man at its present stage can grasp will be found in the books
presently to be mentioned.
That He is within us as well as without us, or, in other words, that man himself
is in essence divine, is another great truth which, though those who are blind
to all but the outer and lower world may still argue about it, is an absolute
certainty to the student of the higher side of life. Of the constitution of
man’s soul and its various vehicles we shall speak under the heading of the
second of truths; suffice it for the moment to note that the inherent divinity
is a fact, and that in it resides the assurance of the ultimate return of every
human being to the divine level.
THE DIVINE SCHEME
Perhaps none of our postulates will present greater difficulty to the average
mind than the first corollary to the first great truth. Looking round us in
daily life we see so much of the storm and stress, the sorrow and suffering, so
much that looks like the triumph of evil over good, that it seems almost
impossible to suppose that all this apparent confusion is in reality part of an
ordered process. Yet this is the truth, and can be seen to be the truth so soon
as we escape from the dust-cloud raised by the struggle in the outer world, and
look upon it all from the vantage ground of the fuller knowledge and the inner
Then the real motion of the complex machinery becomes apparent. Then it is seen that what have seemed to be countercurrents of evil prevailing against the
stream of progress are merely trifling eddies into which for the moment a little
water may turn aside, or tiny whirlpools on the surface, in which part of the
water appears for the moment to be running backwards.
But all the time the mighty river is sweeping steadily on its appointed course,
bearing the superficial whirlpools along with it. Just so the great stream of
evolution is moving evenly on its way, and what seems to us so terrible a
tempest is the merest ruffling of its surface. Another analogy, very beautifully
worked out is given in Mr. C. H. Hinton’s Scientific Romances, vol. 1, pp 18-24.
Truly, as our third great truth tells us, absolute justice is meted out to all,
and so, in whatever circumstances a man finds himself, he knows that he himself
and none other has provided them; but he may also know much more than this.
He may rest assured that under the action of evolutionary law matters are so
arranged as to give him the best possible opportunity for developing within
himself those qualities which he most needs.
His circumstances are by no means necessarily those that he would have chosen
for himself, but they are exactly what he deserved; and subject only to that
consideration of his deserts ( which frequently impose serious limitations),
they are those best adapted for his progress. They may provide him with all
sorts of difficulties, but these are offered only in order that he may learn to
surmount them, and thereby develop within himself courage, determination,
patience, perseverance, or whatever other quality he may lack. Men often speak
as though the forces of nature were conspiring against them, whereas as a matter
of fact, if they would but understand it, everything about them is carefully
calculated to assist them on their upward way.
That, since there is a Divine scheme, it is man’s part to try and understand it,
is a proposition which surely needs no argument. Even were it only from motives of self-interest, those who have to live under a certain set of conditions would do well to familiarise themselves with them; and when a man’s objects in life become altruistic it is still more necessary for him to comprehend, in order
that he may help the more effectually.
It is undoubtedly part of this plan for man’s evolution that he himself should
intelligently co-operate in it as soon as he has developed sufficient
intelligence to grasp it and sufficient good feeling to wish to aid. But indeed
this Divine scheme is so wonderful and so beautiful that, when once a man sees
it, nothing else is possible for him than to throw all his energies into the
effort to become a worker in it, no matter how humble may be the part which he
has to sustain.
For fuller information on the subjects of this chapter the reader is referred to
Mrs. Besant’s Esoteric Christianity and Ancient Wisdom, and to my own little
book on The Christian Creed. Much light is also thrown on these conceptions
from the Greek standpoint in Mr. G. R. S. Mead’s Orpheus, and from the
Gnostic-Christian in his fragments Fragments Of A Faith Forgotten.
THE CONSTITUTION OF MAN
The astounding practical materialism to which we have been reduced in this
country can hardly be more clearly shown than it is by the expressions that we
employ in common life. We speak quite ordinarily of man as having a soul, of
“saving” our souls, and so on, evidently regarding the physical body as the real
man and the soul as a mere appanage, a vague something to be considered as
property of the body.
With an idea so little defined as this, it can hardly be a matter of surprise
that many people go a little further along the same lines, and doubt whether
this vague something exists at all. So it would seem that the ordinary man is
very often quite uncertain whether he possesses a soul or not; still less does
he know that the soul is immortal. That he should remain in this pitiable
condition of ignorance seems strange, for there is a very great deal of evidence
available even in the outer world, to show that man has an existence quite apart
from his body, capable of being carried on at a distance from it while it is
living, and entirely without it when it is dead.
Until we have entirely rid ourselves of this extraordinary delusion that the
body is the man, it is quite impossible that we should at all appreciate the
real facts of the case. A little investigation immediately shows us that the
body is only a vehicle by means of which the man manifests himself in connection with this particular type of gross matter out of which our visible world is built.
Furthermore, it shows that other and subtler types of matter exist – not only
the ether admitted by modern science as interpenetrating all known substances,
but other types of matter which interpenetrate ether in turn, and are as much
finer than ether as it is than solid matter. The question will naturally occur
to the reader as to how it will be possible for man to become conscious of the
existence of types of matter so wonderfully fine, so minutely subdivided. The
answer is that he can become conscious of them in the same way as he becomes
conscious of the lower matter – by receiving vibrations from them.
And he is enabled to receive vibrations from them by reason of the fact that he
possesses matter of these finer types as part of himself – that just as his body
of dense matter is his vehicle for perceiving and communicating with the world
of dense matter, so does the finer matter within him constitute for him a
vehicle by means of which he can perceive and communicate with the world of
finer matter which is imperceptible to the grosser physical senses.
is by no means a new idea. It will be remembered that
“there is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body,” and that he furthermore refers to both the soul and the spirit in man, by no means employing the two synonymously, as is so often ignorantly done at the present day. It speedily becomes evident that man is a far more complex being than is ordinarily
supposed; that not only is he a spirit within a soul but that this soul has various vehicles of different degrees of density, the physical body being only one, and the lowest of them.
These various vehicles may all be described as bodies in relation to their
respective levels of matter. It might be said that there exist around us a
series of worlds one within the other (by inter-penetration), and that man
possesses a body for each of these worlds, by means of which he may observe it and live in it. He learns by degrees how to use these various bodies, and in
that way gains a much more complete idea of the great complex world in which he lives; for all these other inner worlds are in reality still part of it.
In this way he comes to understand very many things which before seemed
mysterious to him; he ceases to identify himself with his bodies, and learns
that they are only vestures which he may put off and resume or change without
being himself in the least affected thereby. Once more we must repeat that all
this by no means metaphysical speculation or pious opinion, but definite
scientific fact thoroughly well known experimentally to those who have studied
Strange as it may seem to many to find precise statements taking the place of
hypothesis upon questions such as these, I am speaking here of nothing that is
not known by direct and constantly repeated observation to a large number of
students. Assuredly “we know whereof we speak”, not by faith but by experiment, and therefore we speak with confidence. To these inner worlds or different levels of nature we usually give the name of planes. We speak of the visible world as “the physical plane”, though under that name we include also the gases and various grades of ether.
To the next stage of materiality the name of “the astral plane” was given by the
medieval alchemists (who were well aware of its existence), and we have adopted their title. Within this exists another world of still finer matter, of which we speak as “the mental plane”, because of its matter is composed what is commonly called the mind in man. There are other still higher planes, but I need not trouble the reader with designations for them, since we are at present dealing
only with man’s manifestation in the lower worlds.
It must always be born in mind that all these worlds are in no way removed from
us in space. In fact, they all occupy exactly the same space, and are all
equally about us always. At the moment our consciousness is focused in and
working through our physical brain, and thus we are conscious only of the
physical world, and not even of the whole of that. But we have only to learn to
focus that consciousness in one of these higher vehicles, and at once the
physical fades from our view, and we see instead the world of matter which
corresponds to the vehicle used.
Recollect that all matter is in essence the same. Astral matter does not differ
in its nature from physical matter any more than ice differs in its nature from
steam. It is simply the same thing in a different condition. Physical matter may
become astral, or astral may become mental, if only it be sufficiently
subdivided, and caused to vibrate with the proper degree of rapidity.
THE TRUE MAN
What, then is the true man? He is in truth an emanation from the Logos, a spark
of the Divine fire. The spirit within him is of the very essence of the Deity, and that spirit wears his soul as a vesture – a vesture which encloses and individualises it, and seems to our limited vision to separate it for a time from the rest of the Divine Life. The story of the original formation of the soul of man, and of the enfolding of the spirit within it, is a beautiful and interesting one, but too long for inclusion in a merely elementary work like this. It may be found in full detail in those of our books which deal with this part of the doctrine.
Suffice it here to say that all three aspects of the Divine Life have their part
in its inception, and that its formation is the culmination of that mighty
sacrifice of the Logos in descending into matter, which has been called the
Incarnation. Thus the baby soul is born; and just as it is “made in the image of
God” – threefold in aspect, as He is, and threefold in manifestation, as He is
also – so is its method of evolution also a reflection of His descent into
matter. The Divine Spark contains within it all potentiality, but it is only
through long ages of evolution that all its possibilities can be realised.
The appointed method for the evolution of the man’s latent qualities seems to be
by learning to vibrate in response to the impacts from without. But at the level
where he finds himself (that of the higher mental plane) the vibrations are far
too fine to awaken this response at present; he must begin with those that are
coarser and stronger, and having awakened his dormant sensibilities by their
means he will gradually grow more and more sensitive until he is capable of
perfect response at all levels to all possible rates of vibration.
That is the material aspect of his progress; but regarded subjectively, to be
able to respond to all vibrations means to be perfect in sympathy and
compassion. And that is exactly the condition of the developed man –the adept,
the spiritual teacher, the Christ. It needs the development within him of all
the qualities which go to make up the perfect man; and this is the real work of
his long life in matter. In this chapter we have brushed the surface of many
subjects of extreme importance. Thos who wish to study them further will find
many Theosophical books to help them.
On the constitution of man, we would refer readers to Mrs. Besant’s works, Man and His Bodies, The Self And Its Sheaths, and The Seven Principles Of Man, and, also my own book, Man, Visible And Invisible, in which will be found many illustrations of the different vehicles of man as they appear to the clairvoyant sight. On the use of the inner faculties refer to Clairvoyance.
On the formation and evolution of the soul to Mrs. Besant’s Birth and Evolution
of the Soul, Mr. Sinnett’s Growth of the Soul, and my own Christian Creed and
Man, Visible and Invisible.
On the spiritual evolution of man, Mrs. Besant’s In the Outer Court and The Path of Discipleship, and the concluding chapters of my own little book, Invisible Helpers.
Since the finer movements cannot at first affect the soul, he has to draw round
him vestures of grosser matter through which the heavier vibrations can play;
and so he takes upon himself successively the mental body, the astral body, and
the physical body. This is a birth or incarnation –the commencement of a
physical life. During that life all kinds of experiences come to him through his
physical body, and from them he should learn some lessons and develop some
qualities in himself.
After a time he begins to withdraw into himself, and puts off by degrees the
vestures which he has assumed. The first of these to drop is the physical body,
and his withdrawal from that is what we call death. It is not the end of his
activities, as we so ignorantly suppose; nothing could be further from the fact.
He is simply withdrawing from one effort, bearing back with him its results; and
after a certain period of comparative repose he will make another effort of the
Thus, as has been said, what we ordinarily call his life is only one day in the
real and wider life – a day at school, during which he learns certain lessons.
But inasmuch as one short life of seventy or eighty years at most is not enough
to give him an opportunity of learning all the lessons which this wonderful and
beautiful world has to teach, and inasmuch as God means him to learn them all in His own good time, it is necessary that he should come back again many times, and live through many of these schooldays that we call lives, in different
classes and under different circumstances, until all the lessons are learned;
and then this lower schoolwork will be over, and he will pass to something
higher and more glorious – the true divine lifework for which all this earthly
school-life is fitting him.
That is what is called the doctrine of reincarnation or rebirth – a doctrine
which was widely known in the ancient civilisations, and is even today held by
the majority of the human race.
Of it Hume has written:-
“What is incorruptible must also be ungenerable. The soul, therefore, if
immortal, existed before our birth…..The metempsychosis is, therefore, the only
system of this kind that Philosophy can hearken to.” * (* Hume. “Essay on
of the theories of metempsychosis in
“There is something underlying them all which, if expressed in less mythological
language, may stand the severest test of philosophical examination.” # (# Max
Muller, ‘Theosophy or Psychological Religion,’ p. 22, 1895 ed.)
In his last and posthumous work this great Orientalist again refers to this
doctrine, and expresses his personal belief in it.
And Huxley writes: -
“Like the doctrine of evolution itself, that of transmigration has its roots in the world of reality; and it may claim such support as the great argument from analogy is capable of supplying.” ^ ( ^ Huxley, “Evolution and Ethics,” p. 61, 1895.)
So it will be seen that modern as well as ancient writers recognise this
hypothesis as one deserving of the most serious consideration.
It must not for a moment be confounded with a theory held by the ignorant, that
it was possible for a soul which had reached humanity in its evolution to
re-become that of an animal. No such retrogression is within the limits of
possibility; when once man comes into existence – a human soul, inhabiting what we call in our books a causal body – he can never again fall back into what is in truth a lower kingdom of nature, whatever mistakes he may make or however he may fail to take advantage of his opportunities. If he is idle in the school of life, he may need to take the same lesson over and over again before he has really learned it , but still on the whole progress is steady, even though it
may often be slow. A few years ago the essence of this doctrine was prettily put
thus in one of the magazines: -
“A boy went to school. He was very little. All that he knew he had drawn in with
his mother’s milk. His teacher (who was God) placed him in the lowest class, and gave him these lessons to learn: Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt do no hurt to
any living thing. Thou shalt not steal. So the man did not kill; but he was
cruel, and he stole, - At the end of the day (when his beard was grey – when the
night was come) his teacher (who was God) said – Thou hast learned not to kill.
But the other lessons thou hast not learned. Come back tomorrow.”
“On the morrow he came back, a little boy, and his teacher (who was God) put him in a class a little higher, and gave him these lessons to learn: Thou shalt do
no hurt to any living thing. Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not cheat. So the
man did no hurt to any living thing; but he stole and he cheated. And at the end
of the day – when his beard was grey – when the night was come – his teacher
(who was god) said: Thou hast learned to be merciful. But the other lessons thou hast not learned. Come back tomorrow.”
“Again, on the morrow, he came back, a little boy. And his teacher (who was God) put him in a class yet a little higher, and gave these lessons to learn: Thou
shalt not steal. Thou shalt not cheat. Thou shalt not covet. So the man did not
steal; but he cheated, and he coveted. And at the end of the day – (when his
beard was grey –when night was come) his teacher (who was God) said: Thou hast learned not to steal. But the other lessons thou hast not learned. Come back, my child, tomorrow.”
“This is what I have read in the faces of men and women, in the book of the
world, and in the scroll of the heavens, which is writ in the stars.” (Berry
Benson, in The Century Magazine, May 1894).
I must not fill my pages with the many unanswerable arguments in favour of this
doctrine of reincarnation; they are set forth very fully in our literature by a
far abler pen than mine. Here I will say only this. Life presents us with many
problems which, on any other hypothesis than this of reincarnation, seem utterly
insoluble; this great truth does explain them, and therefore holds the field
until another more satisfactory hypothesis can be found. Like the rest of the
teaching, this is not a Hypothesis, but a matter of direct knowledge for many
of us; but naturally our knowledge is not proof to others.
Yet good men and true have been sorrowfully forced to admit that they were
unable to reconcile the state of affairs which exists in the world around us
with the theory that God was both almighty and all-loving. They felt, when they
looked upon all the heartbreaking sorrow and suffering, that either He was not
almighty, and could not prevent it, or He was not all-loving, and did not care.
In Theosophy we hold with determined conviction that He is both almighty and
all-loving, and we reconcile with that certainty the existing facts of life by
means of this basic doctrine of reincarnation. Surely the only hypothesis which
allows us reasonably to recognise the perfection of power and love in the Deity
is one which is worthy of careful examination.
For we understand that our present life is not our first, but that each have
behind us a long line of lives, by means of which we have evolved from the
condition of primitive man to our present position. Assuredly in these past
lives we shall have done both good and evil, and from every one of our actions a
definite proportion of result must have followed under the inexorable law of
justice. From the good follows always happiness and further opportunity; from
the evil follows always sorrow and limitation.
So, if we find ourselves limited in any way, the limitation is of our own
making, or is merely due to the youth of the soul; if we have sorrow and
suffering to endure, we ourselves alone are responsible. The manifold and
complex destinies of men answer with rigid exactitude to the balance between the good and evil of their previous actions; and all is moving onward under the
divine order towards the final consummation of glory.
There is perhaps, no Theosophical teaching to which more violent objection is
made than this great truth of reincarnation; yet it is in reality a most comforting doctrine. For it gives us time for the progress which lies before – time and opportunity to become “perfect”. Objectors chiefly found their protest on the fact that they have had so much trouble and sorrow in this life that they will not listen to any suggestion that it may be necessary to go through it all again. But this is obviously not argument; we are in search of truth, and when it is found we must not shrink from it, whether it be pleasant or unpleasant, though, as a matter of fact, as said above, reincarnation rightly understood is profoundly comforting.
Again, people often enquire why, if we have had so many previous lives, we do
not remember any of them. Put briefly, the answer to this is that some people do
remember them; and the reason why the majority do not is because their
consciousness is still focused in one or other of the lower sheaths. That sheath
cannot be expected to recollect previous incarnations, because it has not had
any; and the soul, which has, is not yet fully conscious on its own plane. But
the memory of all the past is stored within the soul, and expresses itself here
in the innate qualities with which the child is born; and when the man has
evolved sufficiently to be able to focus his consciousness there instead of only
in lower vehicles the entire history of that real and wider life will be open
before him like a book.
The whole of this question is fully and beautifully worked out in Mrs. Besant’s
manual on Reincarnation, Dr, Jerome Anderson’s Reincarnation and in the chapters on that subject in The Ancient Wisdom, to which the attention of the reader is specially directed.
THE WIDER OUTLOOK
A little thought will soon show us what a radical change is introduced into the
life of the man who realises that his physical life is nothing but a day at
school, and that his physical body is merely a temporary vesture assumed for the purpose of learning through it. He sees at once that this purpose of “learning
the lesson” is the only one of any importance, and that the man who allows
himself to be diverted from that purpose by any consideration is acting with
To him who knows the truth, the life of the ordinary person devoted exclusively
to physical objects, to the pursuit of wealth and fame, appears the merest
child’s play – a senseless sacrifice of all that is really worth having for a
few moments gratification of the lower parts of man’s nature. The student “sets
his affection on things above, and not on things of the earth”, not only because
he sees this to be a right course of action, but because he realises very
clearly the valuelessness of these things of earth. He always tries to take the
higher point of view, for he sees that the lower is utterly unreliable – that
the lower desires and feelings gather round him like a dense fog, and make it
impossible for him to see anything clearly from that level.
Yet even when he is thoroughly convinced that the higher course is always the
right one, and when he is fully determined to follow it, he will nevertheless
sometimes encounter very strong temptations to take the lower course, and will
be sensible of a great struggle within him. He will discover that there is “a
law of the members warring against the law of the mind”, as St. Paul says, so
that “those things that I would, I do not, and the thing which I would not, that
Now good religious people often make the most serious mistakes about this
interior struggle which we have all felt to a greater or less extent. They
usually accept one or two theories on the subject. Either they suppose that the
lower promptings come from exterior tempting demons, or else they mourn over the terrible wickedness and blackness of their hearts, in that such fathomless evil
still exists within them. Indeed, many of the best men and women go through a
vast amount of totally unnecessary suffering on this account.
The first point to have clearly in mind if one wishes to understand this matter
is that the lower desire is not in truth our desire at all. Nor is it the work
of some demon trying to destroy our souls. It is true that there sometimes are
evil entities which are attracted by the base thought in man, and intensify it
by their action; but such entities are man-made, everyone of them, and
impermanent. They are merely artificial forms called into existence by the
thought of other evil men, and they have a period of what seems almost like
life, proportioned to the strength of the thought that created them.But the undesirable prompting within us usually comes from quite another source.
It has been mentioned how man draws round him vestures of matter at different
levels, in order that he may descend into incarnation. But this matter is not
dead matter (indeed, occult science teaches us that there is no such thing as
dead matter anywhere), but it is instinct with life; though it is life at a
stage of evolution much earlier than our own – so much earlier that it is still
moving on a downward course into lower matter, instead of rising again out of
lower matter into higher.
Consequently its tendency is always to press downwards towards the grosser
material and the coarser vibrations which mean progress for it, but
retrogression for us; and so it happens that the interest of the true man
sometimes comes into collision with that of the living matter in some of his
That is a very rough outline of the explanation of the curious internal strife
that we sometimes feel – a strife which has suggested to the poetic minds the
idea of good and evil angels in conflict over the soul of man. A more detailed
account will be found in The Astral Plane, p. 40. But in the meantime it is
important that the man should realise that he is the higher force, always moving
towards and battling for good, while this lower force is not he at all, but only
an uncontrolled fragment of one of his lower vehicles. He must learn to control
it, to dominate it absolutely, and to keep it in order; but he should not
therefore, think of it as evil, but as an outpouring of the Divine power moving
on its orderly course, though that course in this instance happens to be
downwards into matter, instead of upwards and away from it, as ours is.
One of the most important practical results of a thorough comprehension of
Theosophical truth is the entire change which is necessary brings about in our
attitude towards death. It is impossible for us to calculate the vast amount of
utterly unnecessary sorrow and terror and misery which mankind in the aggregate has suffered simply from its ignorance and superstition with regard to this one matter of death. There is among us a mass of false and foolish belief along this line which has worked untold evil in the past and is causing indescribable suffering in the present, and its eradication would be one of the greatest benefits that could be conferred upon the human race.
This benefit the Theosophical teaching at once confers on those who, from their
study of philosophy in past lives, now find themselves able to accept it. It
robs death forthwith of all its terror and much of its sorrow, and enables us to
see it in its true proportions and to understand its place in the scheme of our
While death is considered as the end of life, as the gateway into a dim but
fearful unknown country, it is not unnaturally regarded with much misgiving, if
not with positive terror. Since, in spite of all religious teaching to the
contrary this has been the view universally taken in the western world, many
grisly horrors have sprung up around it, and have become matters of custom,
thoughtlessly obeyed by many who should know better.
All the ghastly paraphernalia of woe – the mutes, the plumes, the black velvet,
the crape, the mourning garments, the black-edged note paper –all these are
nothing more than advertisements of ignorance on the part of those who employ
them. The man who begins to understand what death is at once puts aside all this masquerade as childish folly, seeing that to mourn over the good fortune of his friend merely because it involves for himself the pain of apparent separation
from that friend, becomes, as soon as it is recognised, a display of
He cannot avoid feeling the wrench of the temporary separation, but he can avoid allowing his own pain to become a hindrance to the friend who has passed on. He knows that there can be no need to fear or to mourn over death, whether it comes to himself or to those whom he loves. It has come to them all often before, so that there is nothing unfamiliar about it. Instead of representing it as a
ghastly king of terrors, it would be more accurate and more sensible to
symbolise it as an angel bearing a golden key to admit us to the glorious realms
of the higher life.
He realises very definitely that life is continuous, and that the loss of the physical body is nothing more than the casting aside of a garment which in no way changes the real man who is the wearer of the garment. He sees that death is
simply a promotion from a life which is more than half-physical to one which is
wholly astral, and therefore very much superior. So, for himself he unfeignedly
welcomes it, and when it comes to those whom he loves, he recognises at once the great advantage for them, even though he cannot feel a certain amount of selfish regret that he should be temporarily separated from them.
But he knows also that this separation is in fact only apparent, and not real.
He knows that the so-called dead are near him still, and that he has only to
cast off temporarily his physical body in sleep, in order to stand side by side
with them and commune with them as before. He sees clearly that the world is
one and that the same Divine laws rule the whole of it, whether it be visible or
invisible to the physical sight. Consequently he has no feeling of nervousness
or strangeness in passing from one part of it to the other, and no sort of
uncertainty as to what he will find on the other side of the veil.
The whole of the unseen world is so clearly and fully mapped out for him
through the work of the Theosophical investigators that it is well known to him as the physical life, and thus he is prepared to enter upon it without hesitation
whenever it may be best for his evolution. For full details of the various stages of this higher life we must refer the reader to the books specially devoted to this subject. It is sufficient here to say that the conditions into which the man passes are precisely those which the man passes are precisely those which he has made for himself. The thoughts and desires which he has encouraged within himself during earth-life take form as definite living entities hovering round him and reacting upon him until the energy which he poured into them is exhausted.
When such thoughts and desires have been powerful and persistently evil, the
companions so created may indeed be terrible; but happily such cases form a very small minority among the dwellers in the astral world. The worst that the
ordinary man of the world usually provides for himself after death is a useless
and unutterably wearisome existence, void of all rational interests – the natural sequence of a life wasted in self-indulgence, triviality, and gossip here on earth.
To this weariness active suffering may under certain conditions be added. If a
man during earth-life has allowed strong physical desire to obtain a mastery
over him – if, for example, he has become a slave to such a vice as avarice,
sensuality, or drunkenness – he has laid up for himself much purgatorial
suffering after death. For in losing the physical body he in no way loses these
desires and passions; they remain as vivid as ever – nay, they are even more
active when they have no longer the heavy particles of dense matter to set in
motion. What he does lose is the power to gratify these passions; so that they
remain as torturing, gnawing desires, unsatisfied and unsatisfiable. It will be
seen that this makes a very real hell for the unfortunate man, though of course
only a temporary one, since in process of time such desires must burn themselves out, expending their energy in the very suffering which they produce.
A terrible fate, truly; yet there are two points which we should bear in mind
with regard to it. First, that the man has not only brought it on himself, but
has determined its intensity and it duration for himself. He has allowed this
desire to reach a certain strength during earth-life, and now he has to meet it
and control it. If during physical life he has made efforts to repress or check
it, he will have just so much the less difficulty in conquering it now. He has
created for himself the monster with which now he has to struggle; whatever
strength his antagonist possesses is just what he has given it. Therefore, his
fate is not imposed upon him from without, but is simply of his own making.
Secondly, the suffering which he thus brings upon himself is the only way of
escape for him. If it were possible for him to avoid it, and to pass through the
astral life without this gradual wearing away of the lower desires, what would
be the result? Obviously that he would enter upon his next physical life entirely under the domination of these passions. He would be a born drunkard, a sensualist, a miser; and long before it would be possible to teach him that he
ought to try to control such passions they would have grown far too strong for
control – they would have enslaved him, body and soul, and so another life would be thrown away, another opportunity would be lost. He would enter thus upon a vicious circle from which there appears no escape, and his evolution would be indefinitely delayed.
The Divine scheme is not thus defective. The passion exhausts itself during the
astral life, and the man returns to physical existence without it. True, the
weakness of mind which allowed passion to dominate him is still there; true
also, he has made for himself for this new life an astral body capable of
expressing exactly the same passions as before, so that it would not be
difficult for him to resume his old evil life. But the ego, the real man, has
had a terrible lesson, and assuredly he will make every effort to prevent his
lower manifestation from repeating that mistake, from falling again under the
sway of that passion.
He has still the germs of it within him, but if he has deserved good and wise
parents they will help to develop the good in him and check the evil, the germs
will remain unfructified and will atrophy, and so in the next life after that
they will not appear at all. So by slow degrees man conquers his evil
qualities, and evolves virtues to replace them.
On the other hand, the man who is intelligent and helpful, who understands the
conditions of this non-physical existence and takes the rouble to adapt himself
to them and make the most of them, opening before him a splendid vista of
opportunities both for acquiring fresh knowledge and for doing useful work. He
discovers that life away from this dense body has a vividness and brilliancy to
which all earthly enjoyment is as moonlight unto sunlight, and that through his
clear knowledge and calm confidence the power of the endless life shines out
upon all those around him.
He may become a centre of peace and joy unspeakable to hundreds of his fellow
men, and may do more good in a few years of that astral existence than ever he
could have done in the longest physical life. He is well aware too, that there
lies before him another and still grander stage of this wonderful post-mortem
life. Just as by his desires and his lower thoughts he has made for himself the
surroundings of his astral life, so has he by his higher thought and his nobler
aspirations made for himself a life in the heaven-world.
For heaven is not a dream, but a living and glorious reality. Not a city far away beyond the stars, with gates of pearl and streets of gold, reserved for the
habitation of a favoured few, but a state of consciousness into which every man
will pass during the interval between lives on earth. Not an eternal abiding-place truly, but a condition of bliss indescribable lasting through many centuries. Not even that alone. For although it contains the reality which underlies all the best and most spiritual ideas of heaven which have been propounded in various religions, yet it must by no means be considered from that view only.
It is a realm of nature which is of exceeding importance to us – a vast and
splendid world of vivid life in which we are living now, as well as in the
periods intervening between physical incarnations. It is only our lack of
development , only the limitation imposed upon us by this robe of flesh, that
prevents us from fully realising that all glory of the brightest heaven is about
us here and now, and that influences flowing from that world are ever playing
upon us, if we will only understand and receive them.
Impossible as this may seem to the man of the world, it is the plainest of
realities to the occultist; and to those who have not yet grasped this
fundamental truth we can but repeat the advice given by the Buddhist teacher: -
“Do not complain and cry and pray, but open your eyes and see.” The light is all
about you, if you would only cast the bandage from your eyes and look. It is so
wonderful, so beautiful, so far beyond what any man has dreamt of or prayed for, and it is for ever and ever.” (“The Soul of the People “, p. 163).
When the astral body, which is the vehicle of the lower thought and desire, has
gradually been worn away and left behind, the man finds himself inhabiting that
higher vehicle of finer matter which we have called the mental body. In this
vehicle he is able to respond to the vibrations which reach him from the
corresponding matter in the external world – the matter of the mental plane.
His time of purgatory is over, the lower part of his nature has burnt itself
away, and now there remain only the higher thoughts and aspirations which he has poured forth during earth-life.
These cluster round him, through the medium of which he is able to respond to
certain types of vibration in this refined matter. These thoughts which
surround him are the powers by which he draws upon the wealth of the heaven
world. This mental plane is a reflection of the Divine Mind – a storehouse of
infinite extent from which the person enjoying heaven is able to draw just
according to the power of his own thoughts and aspirations generated during the
physical and astral life.
All religions have spoken of the bliss of Heaven, yet few of them have put
before us with sufficient clearness this leading idea which alone explains
rationally how for all alike such bliss is possible – which is, the keynote of
the conception – the fact that each man makes his own heaven by selection from
the ineffable splendours of the Thought of God Himself. A man decides for
himself both the length and the character of his heaven-life by the causes which
he himself generates during his earth-life; therefore, he cannot but have
exactly the amount which he has deserved and exactly the quality of joy which
is best suited to his idiosyncrasies.
This is a world in which every being must, from the very fact of his
consciousness there, be enjoying the highest spiritual bliss of which he is
capable – a world whose power of response to his aspirations is limited only by
his capacity to aspire. Further details as to the astral life will be found in the Astral Plane; the heaven life is described in The Devachanic Plane, and
information about both is also given in Death and After, and in The Other Side
MAN’S PAST AND FUTURE
When we have once grasped the fact that man has reached his present position
through a long and varied series of lives, a question naturally arises in our
minds as to how far we can obtain any information about this earlier evolution,
which would obviously be of absorbing interest to us. Fortunately such
information is available, not only by tradition, but also in another and much
more certain way. I have so space here to dilate upon the marvels of
psychometry, but must simply say that there is abundant evidence to show that
nothing can happen without indelibly recording itself – that there exists a kind
of memory of Nature from which can be recovered with absolute accuracy a true, full, and perfect picture of any scene or event since the world began.
Those to whom this subject is entirely new, and who consequently seek for
evidence, should consult Dr. Buchanan’s Psychometry or Professor Denton’s Soul of Thins; but all occult students are familiar with the possibility, and most of them with the method, of reading these records of the past. In essence this
memory of Nature must be the Divine Memory, far away beyond human reach; but it is assuredly reflected into the lower planes so that, as far as events on these lower planes are concerned, it is recoverable by the trained intelligence of
All that passes before a mirror, for instance, is reflected on its surface, and
to our dim eyes it seems that the images make no impression on that surface, but
that each passes away and leaves no trace. Yet that may not be so; it is not
difficult to imagine that an impression may be left, somewhat as the impression
of every sound is left upon the sensitive cylinder of a phonograph; and it may
be possible to recover the impression from the mirror just as it is recoverable
from the phonograph.
The higher psychometry shows us that this not only may be so, but is so; and
that not a mirror only, but any physical object, retains the impression of all
that has happened within its sight, as it were. We have thus at our disposal a
faultlessly accurate method of arriving at the earlier history of our world and
of mankind, and in this way much that is of the most entrancing interest can be
observed in every detail, as though the scenes were being specially rehearsed
for our benefit. (See Clairvoyance, p 88).
Investigations into the past conducted by these methods show how a long process of gradual evolution, slow but never-ceasing. They show the development of man under the action of two great laws – first the law of evolution, which steadily presses him onward and upward, and secondly – the law of divine justice, or cause and effect, which brings him inevitably the result of his every action, and thus gradually teaches him to live intelligently in harmony with the first law.
This long process of evolution has been carried out not only on this earth, but
on other globes connected with it; but the subject is much to vast to be fully
treated in an elementary book such as this. It forms the principal theme of
Madame Blavatsky’s monumental work, The Secret Doctrine; but before commencing that students are advised to read the chapters on this subject in Mrs. Besant’s Ancient Wisdom and Mr. Sinnett’s Growth of the Soul.
The book just mentioned will afford the fullest available information not only
as to man’s past, but as to his future; and thought he glory that awaits him is
such as no tongue can tell, something at least may be understood of the earlier
stages which lead to it. That man is divine even now, and that he will presently
unfold within himself the potentialities of divinity, is an idea which appears
to shock some good people, and to be considered by them to savour of blasphemy.
Why it should not be so is not easy to see, for Jesus himself reminds the Jews
around Him of the saying in their Scriptures, “I said, ye are Gods,” and the
doctrine of the deification of man was quite commonly held by the Fathers of the Church. But in these later days much of the earlier and purer doctrine has been forgotten and misunderstood; and the truth now seems to be held in its fullness only by the student of occultism.
Sometimes men ask why, if man was at the first a spark of the Divine, it should
be necessary for him to go through all these æons of evolution, involving so
much sorrow and suffering, only in order to be still Divine at the end of it
all. But those who make this objection have not yet comprehended the scheme.
That which came forth from the Divine was not yet man – not yet even a spark,
for there was no developed individualisation in it. It was simply a great cloud
of Divine essence, though capable of condensing eventually into many sparks.
The difference between its condition when issuing forth and when returning is
exactly like that between a great mass of shining nebulous matter, and the solar
system which is eventually formed out of it. Its condition when issuing forth
and when returning is exactly like that between a great mass of shining nebulous
matter, and the solar system which is eventually formed out it. The nebula is
beautiful, no doubt, but vague and useless; the suns formed from it by slow
evolution pour life and heat and light upon many worlds and their inhabitants.
Or we may take another analogy. The human body is composed of countless millions of tiny particles, and some of them are constantly being thrown off from it.
Suppose that it were possible for each of these particles to go through some
kind of evolution by means of which it would in time become a human being, we should not say that because it had been in a certain sense human at the
beginning of that evolution it had, therefore , not gained anything when it
reached its end. The essence comes forth as a mere outpouring of force, even
tough it be Divine force; it returns in the form of thousands of millions of
mighty adepts, each capable of himself developing into a Logos.
Thus it will be seen that we are abundantly justified in the statement that the
future of man is a future to whose glory and splendour there is no limit. And
a most important point to remember is that this magnificent future is for all
without exception. He whom we call the good man – that is, the man whose will
moves with the Divine Will, whose actions are such as to help the march of
evolution – makes rapid progress on the upward path; while the man who
unintelligently opposes himself to the great current by striving to pursue
selfish aims instead of working for the good of the whole, will be able to
progress only very slowly and erratically.
But the Divine Will is infinitely stronger than any human will, and the working
of the great scheme is perfect. The man who does not learn his lesson first time
has simply to try over and over and over until he does learn it; the Divine
patience is infinite, and sooner or later every human being attains the goal
appointed for him. There is no fear and no uncertainty, but only perfect peace
for those who know the Law and the Will.
CAUSE AND EFFECT
In previous chapters we have constantly had to take into consideration this
mighty law of action and reaction under which every man necessarily receives his just deserts; for without this law the rest of the Divine scheme would be
incomprehensible to us. It is well worth our while to try to obtain a true
appreciation of this law, and the first step towards doing that is to disabuse
our minds entirely of the ecclesiastical idea of reward and punishment as
following upon human action.
It is inevitable that we should connect with that idea the thought of a judge
administering such reward or punishment, and then at once follows the further
possibility that the judge may be more lenient in one case than in another, that
he may be swayed by circumstances, that an appeal may be made to him, and that in that way the incidence of the law may be modified or even escaped altogether.
Every one of these suggestions is in the highest degree misleading, and the
whole body of thought to which they belong must be exorcised and utterly cast
out before we can arrive at any real understanding of facts.
If a man put his hand on a bar of red-hot iron, under ordinary circumstances he
would be badly burnt; yet it would not occur to him to say that God had punished him for putting his hand on the bar. He would realise that what had happened was precisely what might have been expected under the action of the laws of Nature, and that one who understood what heat is and how it acts could explain exactly the production of the burn.
It is to be observed that the man’s intention in no way affects the physical
result; whether he seized that bar in order to do some harm with it or in order
to save someone else from injury, he would be burnt just the same. Of course, in
other and higher ways the results would be quite different; in the one case he
would have done a noble deed, and would have the approval of his conscience,
while in the other he could feel only remorse. But the physical burn would be
there in one case just as much as in the other.
To obtain a true conception of the working of this law of cause and effect we
must think of it as acting automatically in exactly the same way. If we have a
heavy weight hanging from the ceiling by a rope, and I exert a certain amount of
force in pushing against that weight, we know by the laws of mechanics that the
weight will press back against my hand with exactly the same amount of force;
and this reaction will operate without the slightest reference to my disturbing
its equilibrium. Similarly the man who commits an evil action disturbs the
equilibrium of the great current of evolution; and that mighty current
invariably adjusts that equilibrium at his expense.
It must not be therefore supposed for a moment that the intention of the action
makes no difference; on the contrary it is the most important factor connected
with it, even though it does not affect the result upon the physical plane. We
are apt to forget that the intention is itself a force, and a force acting upon
the mental plane, where the matter is so much finer and vibrates so much more
rapidly than on our lower level, that the same amount of energy will produce
enormously greater effect.
The physical action will produce its result on the physical plane, but the mental energy of the intention will work out its own result simultaneously in the matter of the mental plane, totally irrespective of the other; and its effect is certain to be very much the more important of the two. In this way it will be seen that an absolutely perfect adjustment is always achieved; for however mixed the motives may be, and however good and evil may be mingled in the physical results, the equilibrium will always be perfectly readjusted, and along every line perfect justice must be done.
We must not forget, that it is the man himself and no other who builds his
future character as well as produces his future circumstances. Speaking very
generally, it may be said that, while his actions in one life produce his
environment in the next, his thoughts in the one life are the chief factors in
the evolution of his character in the next. The method by which all this works
is an exceedingly interesting study, but it would take far too long to detail it
here; it maybe found very fully elaborated in Mrs. Besant’s manual on Karma, and also in the chapter referring to this subject in her Ancient Wisdom, and in Mr. Sinnett’s Esoteric Buddhism, to which the reader may be referred.
It is obvious that all these facts furnish us with exceedingly good reason for
many of our ethical precepts. If thought be a mighty power capable of producing upon its own plane results far more important than any that can be achieved in physical life, then the necessity that man should control that force immediately becomes apparent. Not only is the man building his own future character by means of his thought, but he is also constantly and inevitably affecting those around him by its means.
Hence there lies upon him a very serious responsibility as to the use which he
makes of this power. If the feeling of annoyance or hatred arises in the heart
of the ordinary man, his natural impulse is to express it in some way either in
word or in action. The ordinary rules of civilised society, however, forbid him
to do that, and dictate that he should as far as possible repress all outward
sign of his feelings.
If he succeeds in doing this he is apt to congratulate himself, and to consider
that he has done the whole of his duty. The occult student, however, knows that
it is necessary for him to carry his self-control a great deal further than that, and that he must absolutely repress the thought of irritation as well as its outward expression. For he knows that his feelings set in motion tremendous forces upon the astral plane, that these will act against the object of his irritation just as surely as a blow struck upon the physical plane, and that in many cases the results produced will be far more serious and lasting.
It is true in a very real sense that thoughts are things. To clairvoyant sight
thoughts take definite form and colour, the latter, of course depending upon the
rate of vibration connected with them. The study of these forms and colours is
of great interest. A description of them illustrated with coloured drawings will
be found in the book entitled Thought Forms.
These considerations open up to us possibilities in various directions. Since
it is easily possible to do harm by thought, it is also possible to do good by
it. Currents may be set in motion which will carry mental help and comfort to
many a suffering friend, and in this way a whole new world of usefulness opens
before us. Many a grateful soul has been oppressed by a feeling that for want of
physical wealth he was unable to do anything in return for the kindness lavished
upon him by another; but here is the method by which he can be of the greatest
service to him in a realm where physical wealth or its absence makes no
All who can think can help others: and all who can help others ought to help. In
this case, as in every other, knowledge is power, and those who understand the
law can use the law. Knowing what effects upon themselves and upon others will be produced by certain thoughts, they can deliberately arrange to produce these results. In this way a man can not only steadily mould his character in his
present life, but can decide exactly what it shall be in the next.
For a thought is a vibrations in the matter of the mental body, and the same
thought persistently repeated evokes corresponding vibrations (an octave higher,
as it were) in the matter of the causal body. In this way qualities are
gradually built into the soul itself, and they will certainly reappear as part
of the stock-in-trade with which he commences his next incarnation.
It is in this way, by working from below upwards, that the faculties and
qualities of the soul are gradually evolved, and thus man takes his evolution
largely into his own hands and begins to co-operate intelligently in the great
scheme of the Deity. For further information on this subject the best book to
study is Mrs. Besant’s Thought Power, its Control and Culture.
WHAT THEOSOPHY DOES FOR US
It must already be obvious to the careful reader how utterly these Theosophical
conceptions change the man’s entire view of life when he once becomes fully
convinced of them ; and the direction of many of these changes, and the reasons on which they are based, will have been seen from what has already been written.
We gain from Theosophy a rational comprehension of that life which was before
for so many of us a mere unsolved problem – a riddle without an answer. From it we know why we are here, what we are expected to do, and how we ought to set to work to do it. We see that, however little life may seem worth living for the
sake of any pleasures or profits belonging exclusively to the physical plane, it
is very emphatically worth living when regarded merely as a school to prepare us
for the indescribable glories and the infinite possibilities of the higher
In the light of the information which we acquire, we see not only how to evolve
ourselves, but also how to help others to evolve – how by thought and action to
make ourselves most useful, first of all to the small circle of those most
closely associated with us or those whom we especially love, and then gradually
by degrees, as our power increases, to the entire human race.
By feelings and thoughts such as these we find ourselves lifted altogether to a
higher platform, and we see how narrow and despicable is the petty and personal thought which has so often occupied us in the past. We inevitably begin to regard everything not merely as it affects our infinitesimal selves, but from the wider standpoint of its influence upon humanity as a whole.
The various troubles and sorrows which come to us are so often seen out of all
proportion because they are so near to us; they seem to obscure the whole
horizon, as a plate held near the eyes will shut out the sun, so that we often
forget that “the heart of being is celestial rest.” But Theosophical teachings
brings all these things into due perspective, and enables us to rise above these
clouds, to look down and see things as they are, and not merely as they appear
when looked at from below by very limited vision.
We learn to sink altogether the lower personality, with its mass of delusions
and prejudices and its inability to see anything truly; we learn to rise to an
impersonal and unselfish standpoint, where to do right for right’s sake seems to
us the only rule of life, and to help our fellowman the greatest of joys. For it
is a life of joy that now opens before us. As the man evolves, his sympathy and
compassion increase, so that he becomes more and more sensitive to the sin and sorrow and suffering of the world.
Yet at the same time he sees more and more clearly the cause of that suffering,
and understands ever more and more fully that, in spite of it all, all things are working together for the final good of all. And so there comes to him not only the deep content and absolute security which is born of the certainty that all is well, but also the definite and radiant joy derived from the contemplation of the magnificent plan of the Logos, and of the steady and unfailing success with which that mighty scheme moves to its appointed end.
He learns that God means us to be happy, and that it is definitely our duty to
be so, in order that we may spread around us vibrations of happiness upon
others, since that is one of the methods by which we may lighten the sorrow of
the world. In ordinary life a great part of the annoyance which men feel in
connection with their various troubles is often caused by a feeling that they
come to them unjustly. A man will say: “Why should all this come to me? There is my neighbour, who is in no way a better man than I, yet he does not suffer from sickness, from loss of friends, or loss of wealth? ; why then should I?”
Theosophy saves its students from this mistake, since it makes it absolutely
clear to them that no undeserved suffering can ever come to any man. Whatever
trouble we may encounter is simply of the nature of a debt that we have
incurred; since it has to be paid, the sooner it is cleared off the better. Nor
is this all; for every trouble is an opportunity for development. If we bear it
patiently and bravely, not allowing it to crush us, but meeting it and making
the best of it, we thereby evolve within ourselves the valuable qualities of
courage, perseverance, determination; and so out of the result of our sins of
long ago we bring good instead of evil.
As has before been stated, all fear of death is entirely removed for the
Theosophical student, because he understands fully what death is. He no longer
mourns for those who have gone before, because they are still present with him,
and he knows that to give way to selfish grief would be to cause sadness and
depression to them. Since they are very near to him, and since the sympathy
between them and himself is closer than ever before, he is well aware that
uncontrolled grief in him will assuredly reflect itself upon them.
Not that Theosophy counsels him to forget the dead; on the contrary, it
encourages him to remember them as often as possible, but never with selfish
sorrow, never with a longing to bring them back to earth, never with thought of
his apparent loss, but only of their great gain. It assures him that a strong
loving thought will be a potent factor in their evolution, and that if he will
but think rightly and reasonably about them he may render them the greatest
assistance in their upward progress.
A careful study of the life of man in the period between his incarnations shows
how small a proportion this physical life bears to the whole. In the case of the
average educated and cultured man of any of the higher races, the period of one
life – that is to say of one day in the real life – would average about fifteen
hundred years. Of this period perhaps seventy or eighty years would be spent in
physical life, some fifteen or twenty upon the astral plane, and all the rest in
the heaven-world, which is therefore by very far the most important part of
Naturally these proportions vary considerably for different types of men, and
when we come to consider the younger souls, born either in inferior races or in
the lower ranks of our own, we find that these proportions are entirely changed,
for the astral life is likely to be much longer and the heaven-life much
shorter. In the case of the absolute savage there is scarcely any heaven-life at
all, because he has not yet developed within himself the qualities which alone
enable the man to attain that life.
The knowledge of all these facts gives a clearness and certainty to our
anticipations of the future which is a welcome relief from the vagueness and
indecision of ordinary thought on these subjects. It would be impossible for a
Theosophist to have any fears about his “salvation”, for he knows that there is
nothing for man to be saved from except his own ignorance, and he would consider it the grossest blasphemy to doubt that the will of the Logos will assuredly be fulfilled in the case of every one of his children.
No vague “eternal hope” is his, but utter certainty, born of his knowledge of
the eternal law. He cannot fear the future, because he knows the future; so his
only anxiety is to make himself worthy to bear his part in the mighty work of
evolution. It may well be that there is very little that he can do as yet; yet
there is none but can do something, just where he stands, in the circle around
him, however lowly it may be.
Every man has his opportunities, for every connection is an opportunity . Every
one with whom we are brought into contact is a soul who may be helped – whether it be a child born into the family, a friend who comes into our circle, a
servant who joins our household – everyone gives in some way or other an
opportunity. It is not for a moment suggested that we should make ourselves
nuisances by thrusting our opinions and ideas upon every one with whom we come in contact, as the more ignorant and tactless of our religious friends
sometimes do; but we should be in an attitude of continual readiness to help.
Indeed, we should ever be eagerly watching for an opportunity to help, either
with material aid, so far as that may be within our power, or with the benefit
of our advice or our knowledge, whenever those may be asked for. Often cases
arise in which help by word or deed is impossible for us; but there can never be
a case in which friendly and helpful thought cannot be poured forth, and none
who understands the power of thought will doubt as to its result, even though it
may not be immediately visible upon the physical plane.
The student of Theosophy should be distinguishable from the rest of the world by his perennial cheerfulness, his undaunted courage under difficulties, and his
ready sympathy and helpfulness. Assuredly, in spite of his cheerfulness he will
be one who takes life seriously – one who realises that there is much for each
to do in the world, and no time to waste. He will see the necessity for gaining
perfect control of himself and his various vehicles, because only in that way
can he be thoroughly fitted to help others when the opportunity comes to him.
He will range himself ever on the side of the higher rather than the lower
thought, the nobler rather than the baser; his toleration will be perfect,
because he sees the good in all. He will deliberately take the optimistic rather
than the pessimistic view of everything, the hopeful rather than the cynical,
because he knows that to be always fundamentally the true view – the evil in
everything being necessarily the impermanent part, since in the end only the
good can endure.
Thus he will look ever for the good in everything, that he may endeavour to
strengthen it; he will watch for the working of the great law of evolution, in
order that he may range himself on its side, and contribute to its energy his
tiny stream of force. In this way, by striving always to help, and never to
hinder, he will become, in his small sphere of influence, one of the beneficent
powers of Nature; in however lowly a manner, at however unthinkable a distance, he is yet a fellow worker together with God – and that is the highest honour and the greatest privilege that can ever fall to the lot of man.
Wales Picture Gallery
Bangor Town Clock
Colwyn Bay Centre
The Great Orme
Great Orme Tramway
Caerwent Roman Ruins
Colwyn Bay Postcard | <urn:uuid:a58d8d22-add1-46bf-8672-a181a6663d68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.theosophycardiff.co.uk/CWLAn%20Outline%20of%20Theosophy.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.970623 | 19,913 | 3.125 | 3 |
Training Network for the Immunotherapy of Cancer (IMMUTRAIN)
Training Network for the Immunotherapy of Cancer
Date du début: 1 déc. 2015,
Date de fin: 30 nov. 2019
In the European Union, cancer is the leading cause of death and the overall cancer incidence is still increasing. As a result of expanding efforts to improve cancer outcome, a main paradigm change is occurring in cancer therapy towards individualized medicine. Antibody-based therapies form an integral and constantly growing part of this approach. Antibody-based therapies will strongly influence the coming decade of cancer care. The importance of immunotherapy has been highlighted by the prestigious Science journal as “breakthrough of the year 2013”, heralding the rising importance of immunotherapy. Accordingly the need for well-trained and skilled researchers in academia and industry is dramatically increasing in this field. IMMUTRAIN is a training network bringing together experts in the fields of monoclonal antibodies, dendritic cells, T-cells and immunomodulatory nucleic acids with a considerable industrial involvement. The network comprises nine academic research groups and five industrial partners in a total of seven European countries. IMMUTRAIN will actively create synergies between those sectors by forming and promoting young researchers to match the challenges of immunotherapies. Particular focus will be placed on combinatorial therapies and on the new emerging field of bispecific antibodies used to target both the tumor and the patient´s immune system. Fifteen Ph. D. students (early stage researchers, ESR) reinforced by the project leaders will investigate innovative therapeutic strategies and provide the rationale for future clinical trials. Throughout their projects, ESR will learn to integrate academic and industrial aspects and will sharpen their experimental and complementary skills in a well-designed and diversified training program.
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Contactez la Région Sud Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Vous pouvez nous écrire en Anglais, Français et Italien | <urn:uuid:476161f4-0067-4340-a372-a28b4f5e42d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maregionsud.up2europe.eu/european/projects/training-network-for-the-immunotherapy-of-cancer_32276.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.774841 | 521 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Waterloo has cultivated a high-profile reputation as a community of intelligent and progressive thought leaders. Many of the country’s leading thinkers about climate change are based at UWaterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University. We’re home to CIGI, our very own UN Think Tank is committed to promoting dialog and understanding of the impacts of and global governance issues associated with climate change. We were the birth-place of Blue Box Recycling and Canada’s first environmental magazine, A\J (Alternatives Journal)—who’ve been publishing intelligent & informed environmental journalism since 1971. We’re also home to a number of organizations who are taking action on climate change.
Waterloo Region can lead the divest movement as well.
Divest Waterloo exists to initiate and support divestment campaigns across the region. We will help to build momentum across sectors to encourage local governments, universities, colleges, institutions, pension plans, businesses and individuals to shift our collective investments away from fossil fuels. By addressing multiple sectors while focussing on one physical region, we aim to create a local critical mass of awareness and discussion.
We want our community to set a positive example for other Canadian municipalities by collectively divesting from the destructive and dangerous fossil fuel industry and reinvesting in solutions to climate change. | <urn:uuid:b8de92b0-9a3c-4b3d-b94c-f41de64719cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://divestwaterloo.ca/why-waterloo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.923254 | 267 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Concern over rise in dark tourism as Assad war enters ninth year
Orient Net 2019-11-25 12:23:00
Syria’s almost nine-year conflict is far from over but that is not stopping a new wave of western tourists from visiting.
As Bashar al-Assad tightens his grip on the opposition-held areas in the north-west, a handful of tour companies and travel bloggers catering to English-language customers have started running bespoke trips to the country to “mingle with locals while also passing destroyed villages”, visit archeological sites “shrouded in a coat of destruction” and “experience the famous cosmopolitan nightlife that has returned to the centre of Damascus”.
At least 500,000 people have been killed in the war and more than half Syria’s pre-war population of 22 million people have fled their homes.
As Assad has slowly regained control, the perception in some quarters is that the country is once again open for business – including the once-lucrative tourism sector.
Travel to Syria is advised against by almost every government in the world on safety grounds, and Syrians who have paid a high price in the war urge westerners not to normalize relations with the regime.
Yet despite the occasional car bomb, Israeli airstrikes and secret police who “disappear” suspected spies and opposition members into Assad’s prisons, Damascus is now relatively safe, and hardcore adventure tourist interest in a country that has been off limits for nearly a decade is growing.
Visiting places associated with death and tragedy is generally referred to as dark tourism. Holidaying in countries still technically at war, however, is a relatively new phenomenon, fuelled by social media influencers on a quest to conquer forbidden destinations or tick off all 195 countries in the world.
Week-long tours mostly take in the Old City of Damascus and Krak des Chevaliers, an 11th-century Crusader castle near Homs, as well as Roman Palmyra in the eastern desert, which has been hit by ISIS sleeper cell attacks since the militants were driven out of the area in 2017.
At least one offering, from the China-based Young Pioneer Tours, ventures as far north as Aleppo, which was wrested back from the Syrian opposition in 2016 after a four-year battle. More than half the city is still in ruins.
The Young Pioneer Tours trip costs $1,695 (£1,320), not including flights, visa fees and travel insurance. Groups are accompanied by government minders. The company has been approached for comment.
As of this month, similar trips are being offered by two Russian travel companies.
Johnny Ward, an Irish travel blogger, met a small group of tourists in Beirut and took them over Lebanon’s land border for a five-day trip last week that included Damascus and Krak des Chevaliers.
Attempts to reopen Syria for tourism have been met with fierce criticism from some Syrians, however.
Bakri al-Obeid ran a small tourism company in Damascus before Syria’s uprising began in 2011. He left his hometown of Aleppo when the city fell three years ago and now lives in Idlib, which is pounded daily by Assad and Russian airstrikes.
“What the tourism companies are doing now has just one goal: normalisation with the regime. They are doing this to show the world that Syria is safe and fine and the war is over,” he said.
“ BY Bethan McKernan Edited according to Orient Net Link to the original source of the Guardian
BY Bethan McKernan
Edited according to Orient Net
Link to the original source of the Guardian | <urn:uuid:e3f5ac18-06ad-4cfa-ba81-7f9b870877e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://orient-news.net/en/news_show/174461 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967894 | 760 | 2.03125 | 2 |
What is best or right, is often overlooked by what is convenient. One of my pet peeves is finding myself revisiting the same challenges over and over. My mantra is “Tomorrow’s challenges better be different than today’s”. I’ve been receiving a lot of feedback to remind people about prior messages and encourage discussions about them. This week I provided a couple of topics I am sure you are facing. I hope this sharing will help you move forward on your biggest challenges.
Some situations are like the unusual itch that only the truth can scratch. Fact finding before responding can be the difference between making a smart decision or an embarrassing one. The internal battle between pride and truth often ends in a way that a sound mind wishes was different. “Are your actions justified or are you justifying your actions?”.
Too many times clear evidence is disregarded and learning is lost in situations where arrogant people are questioned. They turn it into the emotional battle that they are insulted that you even are asking. This is to their own demise. This new focus of the discussion takes away their ability to learn from the challenge, keeping them ignorant. This is a very real risk, like a ticking time bomb, especially for a person with responsibility. If authority came with a label, my recommendation would be “Warning! If you can’t recognize the lines that you’ve grayed, the ticking may come to an unpleasant end”.
Humility should be given out to all managers and leaders when they receive responsibility. But of course that would be too easy, so prepare yourself, you will we need to deal with the chaos caused by the untamed wrecking ball of under-informed arrogance. I’ve found arrogant people are fast out of the gate – quick to defend and try to intimidate off the masses but are riding weak horses and often cannot finish the race, and if they do, are left gasping for air, weaknesses fully exposed. Humility doesn’t face such challenges. It always finishes the races it decides to finish.
I hope you discuss your challenges that relate to the topics above and find ways to move forward. With mutual respect clearing the way, you can cover much ground.
I hope you have a great week. | <urn:uuid:64319ba6-642b-4cbf-ae00-51ab891e706e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://resicomonline.com/challenges-of-arrogance-revisited/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964815 | 468 | 1.601563 | 2 |
What is Server (in computer networking)?
A computer whose role in a network is to provide services and resources to users. Servers usually have one or more specific roles in a network:
- Application servers are used as the back end in a client/server environment. An example of an application server is Microsoft Exchange Server, which functions as the back end of a client/server messaging system that includes Microsoft Outlook as the front-end user interface.
- File and print servers provide users with centralized locations for storing files and accessing print devices. Microsoft Windows 2000 member servers and Windows 2000 servers running Internet Information Services (IIS) are examples of file servers.
- Authentication servers or security servers validate users for logging on and accessing network resources. An example is a Windows 2000 domain controller.
- Web servers can be used to host anything from static Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) pages to commercial Web applications such as online storefronts. IIS is an ideal platform for developing Web-based applications using Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. | <urn:uuid:b79cd728-0a31-49ed-9ce0-23d852a7d8c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.thenetworkencyclopedia.com/entry/server/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.86784 | 212 | 3.625 | 4 |
Join the EU German Presidency Event on the European Green Deal and nature-based solutions (NbS) from 14.00 to 17.00 CET on 14 December, hosted together with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The event’s objectives are to create continued momentum towards NbS for people, biodiversity and climate and to demonstrate the potential of NbS to address our global challenges. The event will tackle both the internal and external dimensions of the Green Deal, focusing on action by the EU and its Member States, but also looking beyond, into the global agenda.
The virtual dialogue will feature high-level representatives from governments, international organizations, civil society and the finance sector and will be organized into two sessions.
The first will be a high-level panel (14:00 - 15:00 CET) for discussing developments in NbS and their potential in relation to the EU Green Deal and the global context.
The second session (15:00 - 17:00 CET) will feature two technical panels with a focus on implementation challenges and opportunities that arise in these domestic and external dimensions.
In response to the Covid-19 crisis, the EU and its Member States have committed to build back better. Covid-19 has exposed the fragilities and vulnerabilities in many existing systems and has highlighted the symbiotic relationship between humanity and nature. There is now increasing attention and momentum for NbS as exemplified by the 2019 Climate Action Summit NbS Manifesto, the 2020 UN Biodiversity Summit (including the Leaders Pledge for Nature), the UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) and the recently launched IUCN NbS standard. The building blocks are there, but NbS needs to move into mainstream discussions and actions affecting the realities of the post-Covid world and sustainable future. NbS should be fully integrated into the European Green Deal´s implementation and get incorporated in its nine policy areas, which range from sustainable agriculture to the circular economy and the biodiversity strategy.
In the months ahead, NbS will have to be further integrated into European policies and operationalized to deliver the EU Green Deal goals. To help unlock the investment needed, the EU must provide an enabling environment for NbS. The European Commission and EU Member States can lead by example when strongly integrating NbS into all relevant policy areas and linking climate and biodiversity action. | <urn:uuid:a5ca2908-83bd-460a-b6d1-5efcb5583d12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oppla.eu/european-green-deal-nature-based-solutions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.914919 | 511 | 1.890625 | 2 |
It can be hard to make unexpected changes, however creating an action plan can help. You could explore making a change by answering the questions below, or using one or two of the CBT-Fit Skills mentioned afterwards.
- What activities are possible? Which seem like fun? What would you like to try or change?( e.g. listen to music, write down ideas, make breakfast for the family each day.)
- When will you do the activities? How often can you do them? (e.g. before bed, twice a week.)
- How will you know if the activities are working for you?
(e.g. I will laugh, I will get better leep, I will feel less anxious, I will have more energy.)
- What could get in your way? (e.g. I have no motivation, I don’t have equipment, I am not sure how.)
- Where can you get support? (e.g. ask a friend, research online, hire a coach, borrow equipment.)
You could try these things to help make your changes stick:
- Write it down.
- Set a reminder.
- Plan it with family or friends.
- Make a benefits list – noting the positives that you notice occur.
- Think about why it is important to you.
Tips to keep a healthy headspace:
Keep doing the things that you find are fun and important. It can help keep the fun in your life, give you a sense of accomplishment and purpose, boost your confidence and help to connect with others. Some of these things, such as drawing, cooking or playing the guitar, might just be for fun, but other things like work or study can give you new skills and might help to give you meaning. From reading to exploring somewhere new, there are lots of activities that can help you get in to life – even during a quarantine.
Learn Skills During Tough Times
There are a lot of different strategies that can help you to manage unhelpful thoughts and feelings. Things like meditation, taking a digital detox, listening to music, spending time in your backyard, going for a walk or writing things down are just a few ways that can help you handle challenging times.
Feeling connected to others is an essential part of human life. Spending time with friends, family and people in your community can really strengthen your mental health and wellbeing. Planning a catch-up with friends, joining a club can help you feel connected and meet new people. (These can all be done with online technology).
When you think of improving your mental health, you may not always consider changing the food you eat. But there is a strong link between what we eat and how we feel. An unhealthy diet can make you feel sluggish, low and increase symptoms of depression and anxiety. Staying hydrated and having a healthy diet can actually improve mental health.
Staying active can help you to sleep better, manage stress and elevate your mood. Find a way to keep active that you enjoy and incorporate this into your regular routine. Make time to take a break from study or work to do some activity, whether it be going doing a workout, stretching or just going for a walk.
Get Enough Quality Sleep
Getting enough sleep is good for your brain and body. It improves your mood, sharpens your concentration and increases resilience. Reducing things that keep you from restful sleep – like noise or light that keeps you awake, or “active triggers” such as social media or video gaming – will help you improve your sleep.
Reduct the Amount of Alcohol / Drugs
Alcohol and other drugs may feel like they help you to manage hard times in the short term but remember they can interfere with your mental health and make you feel much worse in the long run. Curbing the amount of alcohol and other drugs that you use (or avoiding alcohol and drugs altogether) will help you manage your emotions better and improve your wellbeing. Swap the drinks for movies, boardgames, cooking for the family, or you could get out for a walk.
Not sure where to start? You can start by journalling with the Ultimate CBT Journal. You can download the Ultimate CBT Journal FREE – or purchase your hardcopy version on Amazon.com (USA). or Amazon.ca (CAN). | <urn:uuid:51b8eeb6-cf97-4a4f-a508-9b7688386e63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cbtmeetsfitness.com/your-cbt-mental-fit-action-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947067 | 902 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The Roman fort at Felixstowe in Suffolk stood on a sandy cliff. It went into the sea between 1700 and 1750, and there are still remains of it on the sea bed, a few metres off-shore. I collected some old drawings of the fort here, known as Walton Castle.
Today I saw on twitter here an aerial photograph of its sister fort in Norfolk, Burgh Castle. This has partly fallen into the river, and reminded me extremely strongly of those old drawings.
Here’s the aerial photo:
And here is the old plan of the vanished Roman fort at Walton Castle:
The walls of Burgh Castle still stand, and look like this:
And the drawing of the walls of Walton is here:
Note that this is taken from the landward side. The similarities are obvious.
If I had a drone, and could take an aerial photograph of the area where Walton Castle stood, it might be possible to “drop in” the image of Burgh, and recreate the appearance of the vanished fort. Maybe some day I will.
Regular readers will know that I have been attempting to locate a diving report from 1969 – the “Errington Report” -, which surveyed the ruins on the sea bed. I have been trying to locate this for a year. It is supposed to be at Suffolk Record Office. Sadly I have been unable to examine the relevant files so far. | <urn:uuid:a5f6b61a-62e9-41da-8601-b090c14ffb31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/2020/07/24/walton-castle-must-have-looked-much-like-this-in-the-1600s/?share=tumblr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969547 | 292 | 2.640625 | 3 |
- Amazon.co.jp ・洋書 (656ページ)
- / ISBN・EAN: 9780262100717
To harness the full power of computer technology, economists need to use a broad range of mathematical techniques. In this book, Kenneth Judd presents techniques from the numerical analysis and applied mathematics literatures and shows how to use them in economic analyses.The book is divided into five parts. Part I provides a general introduction. Part II presents basics from numerical analysis on R^n,including linear equations, iterative methods, optimization, nonlinear equations, approximation methods, numerical integration and differentiation, and Monte Carlo methods. Part III covers methods for dynamic problems, including finite difference methods, projection methods, and numerical dynamic programming. Part IV covers perturbation and asymptotic solution methods. Finally, Part V covers applications to dynamic equilibrium analysis, including solution methods for perfect foresight models and rational expectation models. A web site contains supplementary material including programs and answers to exercises. | <urn:uuid:16df2ed2-261c-4b0c-b161-a10f8ca4674a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://booklog.jp/item/1/0262100711 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.692784 | 385 | 2.4375 | 2 |
eGPG setup and configuration
1) Define your windows groups and user memberships.
2) Install the Widows package ofGnuPG on the hosting server or computer. You can either run the GnuPG executable locally or remotely, if you choose a remote installation you will need to create a Windows share to the directory in which the executable resides. This would also be a good place for the configuration files to reside as well. I would suggest a hidden share with security permissions set to only allow the encrypting group(s) access.
3) Create another share, hidden for the security conscious, where the GnuPG key-ring will reside. This does not necessarily need to reside on the same server as the executable. You may also set the security permissions to only allow the encrypting group(s) access.
4) You are now ready to import\create your keys. If you choose to admin the keys via command line, remember to use the '--homedir=path_to_you_key-ring" switch so the keys are placed on the server and not the local machine, otherwise on the server where the keys will be located run the GUI of choice. Remember if you are using Windows groups, you will need to put a group unique phrase in the name of the keys. For example, a key name could be "MyCompany dbgroup1", “dbgroup1” being the unique phrase.
5) Unzip the eGPG zip file and run the setup program and answer all the installer questions. If you have a centralized configuration, uncheck the “install configuration file locally” and specify the location on the config files in the “path to eGPG configuration files” line. If you haven’t setup centralized configuration files, this would be a good time to install the config files locally and copy them to a global configuration on a Windows share after they are edited. To edit the configuration files make sure the configuration files are located in the path you choose during the installation and once eGPG loads press "Ctrl+Alt+Shift+A".
If this is a first time setup you will need to supply a password, by default the password is “password”. For now ignore the “Edit key groups” button and fill out the form for your specific setup, remembering to change the password!!
** “User domain groups” allows you to filter keys based on Windows domain groups.
** “Use Admin group” allows password-less access to this admin form if the user is a member of the specified “Domain” and “Admin Group”
Click submit to change the configuration. If you activated the “User domain groups” press "Ctrl+Alt+Shift+A" once admin form is up click the “Edit key groups” button and continue to step 5a.
5a) For Windows group integration click on the "Edit Key Groups" button and fill out the form as follows: state the group then "|"(pipe) and then the identifying phrase in the key name. For example, "database|dbgroup1" translates as the windows group "database" will get any key containing "dbgroup1" in the name, you may also use the key’s UID. Remember to add the administration group so to allow access to all keys, i.e. "domain admins|*".
6) Now that the configuration files are customized, you can copy them to a central area for global config and then edit your settings and change the “path to eGPG configuration files” line to their location, absolute pathing is accepted. You can now go to each workstation and run the eGPG setup program specifying the location of the global config files or recreate them on each machine.
There are several other components I am working on adding like full key importation and signing. The administrator import is working "CTRL+I" if the user is a member "Admin Group", however you will need to edit the key after the import to set the trusts.
If you have any questions or suggestions email me. Click here. | <urn:uuid:7f58326e-2f2b-48a4-8d4d-b0972876afa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://egpg.org/?page=Installation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.86687 | 873 | 1.742188 | 2 |
An exit route is defined as a continuous and unobstructed path of exit from any point within a facility to a place of safety.
According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), at least two exit routes must be available to permit quick evacuation of employees and other occupants in the event of an emergency. However, a single exit route is permitted where the number of employees, the size of the building, or the arrangement of the workplace would enable all employees to exit safely during an emergency.
An exit route is made up of three components:
- Exit Access: The portion of the exit route that leads to an exit.
- Exit: The part of the exit route that is usually separated from other areas to provide a protected way of travel to an exit quickly and efficiently.
- Exit discharge: The part of the exit route that leads directly outside or to a street, walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space with access to the outside.
Exit routes must be permanent parts of a facility. Other design and construction requirements for exit routes require exit route doors remain unlocked from the inside. Additionally, they must be free of devices or alarms that could restrict the use of the exit route if the device or alarm fails.
Ceilings of exit routes must be at least seven feet, six inches high. Another requirement is that exit access must be at least 28 inches wide at all points, and exit routes must support the maximum permitted occupant load for each floor.
There are some maintenance, safeguarding, and operational features for exit routes. OSHA standards require employers to do the following:
- Keep exit routes free of explosives or highly flammable furnishings and other decorations.
- Provide lighting for exit routes adequate for employees with normal vision.
- Install EXIT signs in plainly legible letters.
- Provide an emergency alarm system to alert employees, unless employees can promptly see or smell a fire or other hazard in time to provide an adequate warning.
- Maintain exit routes during construction, repairs, or alterations.
It is important that exit routes be located as far away from each other as possible in case one is blocked by fire or smoke. To learn more about security on business and industrial facilities, contact Vanguard Resources. | <urn:uuid:e498ffb5-bcb2-4aeb-bebb-02be486194b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.vanguardresources.com/blog/2019/11/06/importance-exit-routes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955933 | 460 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Charlotte Lucas Character Analysis
Charlotte Lucas is a sensible young woman. In Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice, her behavior demonstrates how levelheaded and wise she truly is. Though some readers believe Charlotte Lucas is insensible because she marries Mr. Collins, the audience should see her intelligence and responsibility shine through since she has a realistic outlook on her life and matches for comfort and security.
Charlotte Lucas’ rational outlook on her life is shown when she accepts a marriage proposal from Mr. Collins. Charlotte Lucas is twenty-seven years old and is not the most handsome woman. Due to this, she accepts Mr. Collins’ proposal even though she is not in love with him. She discloses to Lizzy that she “only asks for a comfortable home” (87) and that she accepted his offer “solely from the pure and interested desire of an establishment” (85).
Women during this period rely on the men in their families to support them. Although Mr. Collins is an arrogant, ridiculous, and insensible clergyman who is more concerned with his patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, than anything else, Charlotte agrees to marry him. Charlotte realizes that she is already a burden to her family, and this is the best offer she will have for a life of security, thus showing her real character.
Readers can also see how sensible Charlotte Lucas is when Elizabeth Bennet shows respect for her and her opinions. The protagonist, Lizzy Bennet, is a brilliant character who holds people to a high standard. When Elizabeth and Charlotte talk about Jane Bennet and Mr. Bingley, Elizabeth comments that Jane is concealing her feelings very well and how it benefits her.
Charlotte disagrees and remarks, “If a woman conceals her affection with the same skill from the object of it, she may lose the opportunity to fix him” (13). During this period, a woman’s job is to show their suitors they are interested. Still, Jane’s countenance prevents others from seeing her admiration for Mr. Bingley.
At the end of the novel, readers learn that Charlotte was indeed correct when Mr. Darcy states that he believed that even though Jane was friendly towards Mr. Bingley, “her heart was not likely to be easily touched” (134) and that she did not return his companion’s affection. This shows how intelligent Charlotte is and how she can predict and comprehend certain situations.
Charlotte Lucas marries Mr. Collins for security, and though she is not in love, she is happy. Although many characters do not understand her decision and start questioning her actions, Charlotte’s sensibility shines through when Elizabeth visits her new home and sees how content Charlotte is with her new life. Charlotte Lucas is a character who readers should look to for realistic viewpoints and intelligent judgment in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. | <urn:uuid:7b54117f-916f-4a9f-a7d7-be2fe38f18da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://essays24x7.com/charlotte-lucas-character-analysis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966885 | 607 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The government has abolished the Film Certificate Appellate Tribunal (FCAT) through an ordinance.
The Tribunals Reforms (Rationalisation and Conditions of Service) Ordinance, 2021has replaced word “tribunal” with “High Court”. Film makers will have to approach High court instead of tribunal.
FCAT was a statutory body set up under Ministry of Information & Broadcasting in 1983, under Section 5D of the Cinematograph Act, 1952.
Its main purpose was to hear grievances by filmmakers who were unable to get their film certified by CBFC.
The tribunal consisted of a chairperson and four members including a secretary appointed by Government of India. The tribunal was located in Delhi.
The central Board of Film Certification categorises films into four categories. Sometimes it can deny certification citing scenes in the film.
The FCAT was the institution where filmmakers could approach if their films were not certified and more often than not got the decision reversed.
FCAT abolition means that in future film makers will have to approach High court against order of the CBFC. | <urn:uuid:c80cae61-5b4d-42ca-8865-589394b16d2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://currentaffairs.studyiq.com/daily/09-04-2021/film-certification-tribunal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967529 | 236 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Theoretical methods for the simulation of nucleic acids.
|Title||Theoretical methods for the simulation of nucleic acids.|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2003|
|Authors||Orozco, Modesto, Pérez Alberto, Noy Agnes, and F Luque Javier|
|Journal||Chem Soc Rev|
|Date Published||2003 Nov|
|Keywords||Base Sequence, Chemical, Computer Simulation, Models, Molecular, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Nucleic Acids, Thermodynamics|
Different theoretical methods for the description of nucleic acid structures are reviewed. Firstly, we introduce the concept of classical force-field in the context of nucleic acid structures, discussing their accuracy. We then examine theoretical approaches to the description of nucleic acids based on: i) a rigid or quasi-rigid description of the molecule, ii) molecular mechanics optimization, and iii) molecular dynamics. Special emphasis is made ion current state of the art molecular dynamics simulations of nucleic acids structures. | <urn:uuid:0df34d52-398d-4074-8c1f-43d02eb0ff2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mmb.pcb.ub.es/www/node/299 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.705199 | 256 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Finis Original Swimmers Snorkel
FINIS created and patented the first ever center-mount snorkel designed specifically for swimmers. The Original Swimmer’s Snorkel allows swimmers to focus on stroke technique without the interruption of turning your head to breathe. By eliminating the need to breathe, swimmers can relax in the water, maintain body alignment and improve stroke efficiency. The one-way purge valve allows water to flow out of the snorkel without entering the mouthpiece. Accommodates a full range of motion for butterfly, breaststroke and freestyle. | <urn:uuid:fc86b898-ad67-4fb0-9ce3-fd5de8383491> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indoswimgear.com/product/finis-snorkel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.843681 | 161 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Arugula can be used to make various types of salad - in combination with lettuce, tomatoes, spinach and others.
Salad with arugula and parmesan
Preparation: First, boil the green beans, drain them and let them cool. In a bowl, combine the lemon juice, salt, olive oil and finely chopped walnuts.
Pour this dressing over the green beans and then mix them with the arugula. Toss well and serve in plates - sprinkle parmesan on top and pour on a little more of the dressing.
The next proposal is for a salad with eggplant and arugula. First, cut the eggplant into pieces, salt it and let it drain well. Then put the pieces of eggplant in an oven dish, pour in oil, a little salt and ground black pepper, stir and put it to bake. The eggplant must gain a golden color and soften.
Next, remove from the oven, let it cool and add arugula to it, 3 tablespoons of balsamic vinegar and 1 cucumber, diced into medium-sized pieces. Stir, salt if needed, then serve.
The next idea is for
Salad with spinach, arugula and feta cheese
Clean and wash the arugula (3 oz (80 g)) and the spinach (7 oz (200 g)), then shred them and put them in an appropriate bowl. Add 1 to 2 diced tomatoes to them.
Season the salad with olive oil and a little lemon juice and toss it. Next, dice 2.5 oz (70 g) of hard feta cheese. Distribute the salad into plates and put some feta cheese cubes into each.
Our last recipe is for a salad with grilled chicken meat.
Salad with chicken meat and arugula
Preparation: Wash the arugula and put it in a suitable dish. Add the chopped cucumbers, olives, then season with the olive oil, lemon juice and salt.
Finally, add in the grilled chicken fillet that has been cut into thin strips. Stir and serve in separate plates. Sprinkle roasted pumpkin seeds on top. | <urn:uuid:7d4a7592-39ae-4811-8e9e-dc801c799f95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tastycraze.com/n-44169-Fresh_Salads_with_Arugula | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.913705 | 446 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Mallard-5 only 2 maybe hens.
Pintail-1 of either sex.
Gadwall-6 of either sex.
Widgeon-6 of either sex.
G.W. Teal & B.W. Teal-6 of either sex but only 4 for the early Sept hunt.
Spoony-6 of either sex.
Woodduck-3 of either sex.
Canvasback-1 of either sex.
Redhead-2 of either sex.
Scaup-2 Lesser or 2 greater of either sex a.k.a. bluebills.
Bufflehead 6 of either sex.
Common or Barrows Goldeneye 6 of either sex.
Ringneck-6 of either sex.
That should get ya by for around here in Southwestern Oklahoma.
You have to understand that gauge is part duck. The man can identify a duck at ranges you and I can't even see without bino's. I haven't even come close to shooting at as many ducks as he's missed which is probably 1/10 of the amount he's harvested. Unless it was a greenhead I had to have him tell me what ducks was and which ones to shoot at to get a proper limit last fall. I'll admit he's my duck mentor. | <urn:uuid:fef26a11-6309-4574-8d49-1b9d80b0829c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oklahomahunter.net/threads/what-is-the-limit-for-ducks-in-ok.1095/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966578 | 291 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Koto is based on a theory, called zero-knowledge proofs, to protect your privacy with shielded addresses. Delocalization of mining resources enhances democracy and safety of a cryptocurrency. Koto is a democratic cryptocurrency because Koto uses a CPU friendly hash algorithm, namely Yescrypt, which can easily be mined by PCs and smartphones at home.
|Price in BTC||0.00000001520671 BTC|
|Current Supply||0 KOTO|
|Total Supply||214,160,000 KOTO|
|24h Volume (coin)||14,575 KOTO|
|24h Volume (currency)||$5|
|24h Total volume (coin)||15,781 KOTO|
|24h Total volume (currency)||$5.74|
|Last updated||2020-12-09 07:20:01 +00:00 GMT|
To embed real-time Koto widget into your website copy the following code. | <urn:uuid:3935b61f-f5fb-4594-9733-4fe47b41cdd9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coinmarket.tools/coin/KOTO | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.772535 | 281 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Organic chemistry means the chemistry associated with any molecule that contains at least one carbon atom. The term “organic synthesis” can be considered synonymous with the term organic chemistry, but more commonly means the chemistry that is specifically performed to synthesize a product molecule from starting smaller starting reagent molecules. As organic chemistry involves molecules that contain carbon, organic synthesis is most generally concerned with the construction of molecules by making carbon-carbon bonds, and by adjusting the redox state of individual carbon atoms, for example, by making carbon-hydrogen bonds (reduction), or carbon-oxygen bonds (oxidation). There are hundreds if not thousands of methods for performing these general reactions, each method having utility in specific cases. The synthesis of molecules that occur in nature, called natural products, or modifications of these molecules, is probably the largest sub-discipline of organic synthesis. This includes molecules that have biological activity, and become the products of the pharmaceutical industry. The synthesis of polymers is also a sub-discipline of organic synthesis, although is generally called polymer chemistry. The use of biological systems to produce a naturally occurring molecule, which is then modified to give a non-naturally occurring molecule, is also a sub-discipline of organic synthesis.
A chemist practicing organic synthesis will have a degree in Organic Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, or possibly Organic Synthesis, depending on the granting institution. Most basically, a chemist practicing organic synthesis will be able to put together individual chemical reactions in a series, the synthetic route, to construct a target molecule from given starting materials, or conversely, consider a given molecule and propose a route to construct it beginning with starting materials that are the least expensive, or the route that has the smallest number of steps, or a route that avoids or uses a particular intermediate compound. A chemist practicing organic synthesis will have considerable knowledge of the individual methods for forming carbon-carbon bonds and adjusting the redox state of carbon atoms, and the analytical methods that are needed to understand if the chemical reaction that the chemist has performed has given the desired result. These analytical methods will cover simple physical methods used at the bench with simple equipment, such as TLC (thin layer chromatography) to methods requiring more elaborate equipment, such as HPLC (high performance or high pressure liquid chromatography), GC (gas chromatography), MS (mass spectrometry), or IR (infra-red spectroscopy) and most importantly, NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). A chemist practicing organic synthesis should have considerable knowledge and experience in each of these, the ability to understand and interpret the output of each, and how to prepare samples for each.
An organic chemist practicing organic synthesis is different from a chemical engineer. While the chemical engineer will understand the thermodynamics of chemical systems, and the steps needed to run a chemical reactions at large scale and arrange equipment for heating or cooling and other physical actions, it is the organic chemist that will design the multiple step from the starting materials to the final product, apply the appropriate analytical methods required along the way, and be able to evaluate alternatives synthetic routes – for example, a route that could be used to avoid a patented route, or improve patent protection. Technical diligence on a synthetic route would be a role filled by a chemist practicing organic synthesis, or expert witness opinions when disputing if a synthetic route is equivalent, or different, from another synthetic route. The literature of organic synthesis is vast, and various databases are available that can be searched when researching a reaction or designing a synthetic route. Knowledge of the literature of organic synthesis is a requirement of the organic chemist.
Lee Enterprises Consulting (LEC) offers a wide range of services in biofuels, biochemicals, biotechnologies, biomaterials, synthetic biology commercialization, feedstocks, and hemp/cannabis. The company has business and financial services like due diligence, feedstock availability, grants and loans and bio market research. The company also offers technical and engineering related services like techno economic analysis, environmental evaluations, feasibility studies, risk analysis and expert witness engagements. The company also has strategic partnerships in place to assist clients with insurance, legal, accounting, plant fabrication, feedstock procurement. With over 150 experts worldwide, Lee Enterprises Consulting also has experts in anaerobic digestion, fermentation, biomass, conversion technologies for things like tires and railroad ties, organic synthesis, fuel additives, ethanol gas, biodiesel fuel including algae biofuels, solid state and industrial fermentation, green energy grants, ag biotech, agricultural waste, alcohol fuels, alternative proteins and animal-free products, sustainable foods, beverage fermentation, biocatalysis, biodiesel conversion, biogas production, biomass power, carbon intensity, co2 utilization, combined heat & power, Fischer-Tropsch technology, food waste, hydrothermal carbonization, industrial enzymes, landfill management, microbial fermentation, organic synthesis, plastic pyrolysis, plastic recycling, plastic waste, pyrolysis oil, reactor design, renewable identification number, the Renewable Fuel Standard (rfs2), solid recovered fuels, torrefaction and torrefied biomass, waste to energy, and waste-to-hydrogen. This is a multidisciplinary group of green energy consultants that is a virtual “one stop shop” for any client need and handles projects of all types and sizes.
Look at our experts and the services we provide. Most of our experts are also available to advise and serve as expert witnesses in bioeconomy litigation matters. For the larger projects, we specialize in putting together full service, interdisciplinary teams with one point of contact. See video about LEC here. Call us at 1+ (501) 833-8511 or email us for more information. | <urn:uuid:5ef2e3a0-b09d-4fe5-8c3f-6c6796ae97d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lee-enterprises.com/organic-synthesis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.918604 | 1,170 | 3.671875 | 4 |
The textile and clothing sector is one of the most polluting value chains across the world. Fashion has become cheaper and seasonal collections are changing ever faster. Cheap and low-quality materials have shortened the actual time of usage and reduced the value of textile waste. Some garments are actually worn only 7-10 times before they are trashed. Cheap bulk production results in tons of unused, unsold and wasted clothes. In Amsterdam, 14,000 tons of textiles gets disposed annually. One-third gets collected and reused as clothing, while remaining ends in residual waste streams, reused as a resource or incinerated. Textile collected through underground and above ground containers too often gets polluted with residual or organic waste, and as such inappropriate for reuse.
With the belief that ‘waste is not waste until you waste it’, the works want to promote a collective understanding of the unseen value of trashed textile resources.
Through storytelling, collective making, the use of new technologies and by working with resources saved from incineration, the final pieces want to demonstrate their value and narrate the stories of the materials through their weight, textures and shapes.
Each piece is completely made by rescued waste coming in three different forms: powder, fabric, small fibers.
The chosen resources are: jeans waste and mohair waste.
The collaboration with Cooloo and the access to their ecological coating techniques allowed for the pieces to be coated with jeans and mohair dust waste. | <urn:uuid:12d31cb0-d6bb-4a78-bcaa-3d092cc98991> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://margheritasoldati.com/portfolio/returning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.950455 | 297 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The Story of Human Language is a history book by author John McWhorter and The Great Courses. The content of the book revolves around the development of human language, learning that spoken language 150,000 years ago has evolved into an estimated 6,000 languages spoken around the world today and is highly regarded. Language asks each of us why not just a single language, how to change language over time ..language mystery to create success in communication?
Here are the top 3 reviews and comments that readers love about this fascinating book.
Review 1: The Story of Human Language audiobook by Mark
Hanging on every word
After a couple of mediocre listens I was very pleased to discover this real treasure trove of an audiobook. I don’t suppose this would be a book for everyone. To enjoy it, you probably need to have a passion for and a curiosity about language, as I do.
At the beginning of this lecture series the narrator discusses the origins of language as it came into being from the mouths of our distant ancestors, and at this stage he mentions that, possibly, Neanderthals weren’t able to speak because of the positioning of their larynx compared to early humans. I was slightly concerned about this assertion because I know that a lot of recent genetic discoveries have been made about the Neanderthals and it is generally believed that Neanderthals probably did talk, and so I started to wonder if this lecture series was old and outdated. I listened to a similar Audible lecture series recently and was disappointed to discover that it was recorded in the 90s. So I was relieved when the narrator mentioned that this series dates from 2004. It isn’t smack up-to-date, but it is reasonably current. He also mentions Steven Pinker’s brilliant book ‘The Language Instinct’ (available on Audible, and highly recommended), and I was relieved that this lecture series postdates Pinker’s influential work.
So the author explains lots of concepts about language from various perspectives, and he does this in a very entertaining and amusing style. I learnt lots of good stuff. There are far too many to list, but here is one example: We have a conception that languages in ‘undeveloped’ societies, such as those of isolated Amazon hunter-gatherers, would be grammatically simple, whilst a highly developed language, such as English, would be much more complex. But the opposite is true. A language left to ‘evolve’ in isolation amongst only a small number of speakers tends to become intricate and complicated. In contrast, languages such as English have at various times in the past been learned by dominant settlers (e.g. Vikings). When these Vikings acquired English they learned it as a second language (children are good at learning a second language, but adults tend to struggle with this), and in so doing they simplified it by speaking a kind of Pidgin English, removing most article genders, verb declensions and noun cases.
And because they were the dominant people at this time, their simplified reinterpretation of the English language replaced (or at least modified) the existing one. I love the idea of some big dumb Viking making a really bad job of picking up the local language, like a modern delinquent English tourist ordering lager on Holiday in Spain, and then, hundreds of years later, the effect of this is that English, the global mega-language, is more economical and straightforward thanks to the Viking simplifications.
The audiobook is chock-full of interesting points like the above (I find this stuff interesting, but I confess I am a word geek who enjoys crosswords and Scrabble). If you find language interesting then I think you will love it too.
Review 2: The Story of Human Language audiobook
This was one of the most fascinating lecture series I’ve ever listened to. (But then I am a bit of a grammar geek.) Did you know that the “pas” in the “ne pas” of French comes from the word “step”? As in “No, I’m not going, not a single step”?
These lectures are thick with this kind of lore. They’re also peppered with Professor McWhorter’s personal anecdotes about the languages he’s studied and the native speakers he’s known. But it’s not all trivia and party chat — there are extensive sections on the variety of grammars, on written vs non-written languages, on creoles vs pidgins, and an interesting (if gloomy) assessment of attempts to revive dying languages.
I can’t say this series changed my life, but it certainly has changed how I think about culture and communication.
Review 3: The Story of Human Language audiobook by Kathy in CA
John McWhorter is simply amazing!
Who would thought an audiobook on language could be so utterly compelling and interesting! I enjoyed the other Great Course I listened to, so I thought I would give this one a try. What a great decision on my part!
I know almost nothing about the subject nor was I ever interested in it, yet I was entertained for the entire 18 hours. What made this book so fascinating was Professor McWhorter’s obvious love of his subject, Linguistics, and his wonderful, humorous, and dynamic personality. He is a pleasure to listen to–he makes a subject that could be very dry really come alive. I can certainly imagine listening to this book again.
McWhorter answers so many questions about the development of language. If you are at all like me, you may have never had any deep thoughts about language. I have only been frustrated by my difficulty in learning a foreign language. If you listen to this book, you will find out like I did just why it is so very difficult, if not impossible, to learn languages as an adult. You will learn, among other things, how languages develop and how they become extinct, why there isn’t a universal language, what is the difference between a language, a dialect, and a creole. You will also be amazed at how few of the world’s 6000 languages have been written down. You will most likely be very amused at the mostly unsuccessful attempts to create artificial languages, as McWhorter had such a fun time describing the musical language Solresol. No matter how boring my description sounds, McWhorter makes it all amusing and very interesting.
If you are wanting to break out of the escapism of fiction for a moment, I highly recommend this Great Course. I promise you will learn a great deal, you will be entertained, and maybe you will even be inspired to try another in the Great Courses series of audiobooks. I know I will.
Audiobookss audio player
Hi everyone, please be noticed that the Audio player doesn't play next track on IOS version < 15.6. If you are facing that issue, just upgrade your IOS to version 15.6 to fix it. Enjoy! | <urn:uuid:e909bb6c-4b91-4acf-ac70-62b219b9fb1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://audiobookss.com/free-online-the-story-of-human-language-by-john-mcwhorter-the-great-courses.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964943 | 1,472 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Friday, October 15, 2004
Raju’s crop was at least twice more than the second highest producer in the village. All this without putting any extra input or effort. Only difference is he used different methods. Everyone in the village praised him for the output, but he put down all the accolades by being overtly modest, and attributed all his success to Lady Luck.
All the villagers congratulated him and wished that the divine lady show some consideration on them.
Pawan his neighbor though was not very intelligent, was smart. He was not convinced by the theory of luck. He started following the practices of Raju. Raju was very happy to share his methods with Pawan. This season, both of them had a very good produce. However, Pawan did not downplay his success, he informed the villagers of the new practices he used in farming and how these methods helped in increasing the produce. He attributed his success to Raju. However, Raju once again downplayed his role and praised Pawan for his efforts. He was happy that people came to know of his methods and will prosper.
From that day onwards people started pouring in to Pawan’s house for suggestions on the new methods of farming. Whatever doubts they had, they would approach Pawan. He in turn would approach Raju, who would solve the problems. This went on for a time and slowly Pawan got a hang of the methods to be used and the concept behind the success of this system over the old one. Also his stature in the village has grown, not only people from the neighboring villages but also people from all over the state started consulting Pawan. Slowly his visits to Raju also decreased.
Raju though happy initially, was troubled by the popularity and fame Pawan was achieving. He began to feel cheated, since all the fame and attention due him was going to Pawan, someone whom he had let know of the practices. Though he was improving on his farm produce over the years, he was not getting any recognition. Whereas, Pawan went on to become advisor to the king on the agricultural practices. This very much irked Raju, as he got no credit in all this.
Raju went to the king's court and put his case before the king. He narrated all that happened and pleaded the king for justice. The day of justice was fixed and the king ordered both the parties Raju and Pawan to be present for the judgment. Once again the king hears the version from both the parties. He is perplexed on whom to do the justice, should Pawan be punished for popularizing the new practices which helped millions of people, or should he favour Raju who developed the methods. He was in confusion.
Now I leave it for you to come up think what must have happened, what would be a fitting end to this dilemma.
Many a times, I have gone deep into my mind trying to analyze what incidents were responsible for what I am. Had I not made a particular choice, my life would have been on a very different course. Every moment of life I made a decision, which has resulted in me being what I am now.
Now how and why do we make a decision? That depends on the history of the decisions, and how we perceive it would affect our future. Sometimes a series of seemingly disconnected events shape the way you think and in a way your destiny.
This afternoon, I was thinking of the events that might have had some part to play in the making of me. Slowly I drop down asleep.
“Ramu, its time for the bus, wake up, you have been sleeping for 4hrs”, said my mom. I had a look at the clock and packed myself out of the bed to gear up for trip to my native place. It’s a small village on the banks of Godavari. Nature is at its best in this village; with its serpentine banks, the coconut palms standing tall with pristine pride of the natural beauty, and of course the innocent people. I have never loved a place more.
I wanted to take a break, just after my class 10th exams, before entering this big bad world, full of enthusiasm and confidence that I can make a difference. It was an arduous overnight journey for many people, but not for me, to whom this has been a part of life. I got to the bus stand just in time, only to find that the bus has been delayed by an hour. Having nothing to do, I started to look around the place and observe the people around. There was this beautiful girl with black curly hair, in a simple yellow frock, a smile on the face, eyes playing as the evening sun. I took an immediate fancy for her, and wished she were to travel in the same bus as mine. Alas, only on boarding the bus did I find out that she had come to see off her relative, hard luck they say.
In the mean while a young man in his early twenties walks up to me and introduces him self as Mahesh, we chat on things in general as two co passengers chat. Slowly, Mahesh lets me know of his intentions. He is from a near by village. He has done his masters and has come for an interview in Vizag. On his way back he lost his money and all the contacts he knew in this place. Now he had no way to go back home, he wanted me to help him monetarily, so that he can go home. “The Umbrella Man” a short story by Roald Dahl, I doubt the veracity of this persons cause and let him go off taking advantage of my age as the handicap to help him, knowing very well that I could have helped him if I wished.
The journey was mostly uneventful, except for the brief cameo by the girl at the bus stand when she got into the bus to fix the luggage of the relative, a thin old fellow, who looked disgusting. I slept through the rest of my journey and woke up just in time to get down at Jaganapet junction. This place is 1hr from my village by a Tonga. Though these days there are innumerable auto rickshaws swarming the place, those days it was the only mode of transport. The air in the village is sufficient to infuse life into my otherwise tired body. I got down at the entrance arch to the village and made my way to the house through all the fields, wallowing in the mud and having a go at the mangoes in the mangroves, a chat with all the people on the way; before, dropping down in the arms of my grand ma. It was a feeling which is difficult to explain in words.
I was in my village for over a fortnight, I had the time of a lifetime, with all my childhood friends, most of whom I have never seen again. Infact it was the last time I ever stayed there for more than two days. I somehow had a gist of this at that time and thus lived as if those were the last days in my life. All through this one thing that was there on my mind, was Mahesh. However, hard I tried I could not push him out of my thoughts. His convincing voice, the vulnerability in his tone, his story of impoverishment and my coldness to his situation kept haunting me.
No better example can be found of how time flies by. Hey, may be I am wrong in this, when my girl friend is around the time flies by even faster. Any way it was time for me to go back to Vizag, reluctantly I bid good bye to the place and people who are my life, knowing very well that this was the last time I will ever spend my time with them.
The way back was without any event, and I landed at the crossroads, on an early Sunday, morning. My dad was there to pick me (or should I say the luggage), and I reached home. On reaching home I found that my cousin was coming that day. I was thrilled to the core on hearing this. We are best of pals; she has always supported my cause in all my mischief and is my mentor. Sitting by the gate, I was engaged in the local news, when I hear a beggar asking for alms. Being an inconsiderate fellow as I am, I ask him to go away and swear him in English. “If you don’t want to give don’t; but don’t swear unnecessarily”, were the words he said before turning back. He was in rags, tattered clothes, unkempt hair, years old beard, I doubt if he had a wash in weeks. I called him and inquired of his past. He was a post graduate in English and found it difficult to find a job matching his qualifications. He lost his family in the mean while, frustrated with all this he took to begging. “Ramu, call for you”, that was my mom, hearing that I ran inside leaving the beggar, without a name standing outside the gate.
While I was on the phone, my dad sent him away, and I came back only to see the dust in the air. Somehow I thought of Mahesh.
Meanwhile my cousin came, I have a good time with her, we discuss all the possibilities of where I will do my +2 and the various strategies on tackling the JEE. As is our habit we chat on everything under the sun and of course beyond it. She left in the evening, me back at the gate bidding her good bye. My thoughts go back to that nameless beggar from the morning. Suddenly, I think of Mahesh. I think of all the down trodden, I have come across, how many of them are educated and yet fail a decent living. I think of all those Mahesh’s who turn into nameless beggars. I will make a difference, I resolve.
The alarm rings, I wake up to find myself in a chair, and the lights just coming up. Below, outside the window, I see someone in ragged clothes, I see him in tatters, I see he’ s not had a bath for days, I see him as I saw him half a decade back, did I make any difference? Can I make a difference? Will I make a difference? Only time will tell.
Wednesday, August 25, 2004
“Tink Tink, Heads!!”, I opened my eyes to see Raj tossing the coin which he took from my closet. “Tatha tatha give me this coin, please ra tatha”, he asked me, with the coin in his hand. I took him in my lap and the coin into my hands. It was long since I had any use with this coin, now my 10 year old great great grandson has dug it out of no where, bringing back a lot of pleasant and not so pleasant past. I tossed it……………………..
Thursday, August 19, 2004
"Archana don’t go there into the rain" shouted her mom. I looked in that direction; it was this small little four year old girl playing with her new puppy in the first monsoon showers of the season.
The sky was pitch black, with the sun trying his best to get a peep of this beautiful lush green carpet which draped the earth like a baroque silk sari drapes a beautiful lady. I was enjoying a hot madrasi capi sitting in my easy chair and drooling over the childhood I spent there. When, I hear her voice.
She was complaining, "She will catch cold, and that stupid dog that she has got, if anything happens to it, I have to take care, that too in this village where there is nothing, why did I ever come here"
I didn't say anything, I got used to this tuffs between the mother and the daughter. I loved to watch her play in the mud and the rain. I was like that, and watching her I relived my childhood days. She knows me very well, and always complains that I am pampering Archana. But am I, its only I am letting her live what she and all her friends cannot imagine in the concrete jungle that we have created for ourselves.
But, then her nagging at least makes me call "Arch! Get in dear, your mother is in a mood to make chutney of us"
Arch looks at me a bit confused, and goes back to what she was doing. Feeling that the situation may go out of control I go to fetch her out of the mud.
Voila what a great climate, the rain filtered through the coconut palms, the drops playing hide and seek with the rain. At that instant I was taken back a quarter in my past, I started to jump in the rain and play in the muddles that as so characteristic of the place.
"You are coming or not!” were the only words she said. I was in no mood to be disturbed, as soon as she turned back (god knows what), I with Arch. and the new entrant the puppy, did a hajmola on her.
And that was it, we drenched her with mud and all the muddle water, arch., and the puppy wallowed in muddles to their hearts content. I was so happy with her also in the picture, and she was numb with what she could never even imagine can happen to her.
She goes back in very upset. I heard her say "why did you leave me? I should also have come with you, why did you do this to me?"
A lighting strike, it was beautiful. Sensing that it was beyond limits Arch. and I get back to the place where she is. The puppy diligently follows its mistress.
For her age, I am surprised to see Arch., take her mothers head in her lap and console her. "Sorry ma, i will not do anything that makes you sad. Smile na good girl na!!”
I got near them and wanted to hug them and give all the love I have. I touch her cheek with my palms. Except for a strange reaction there was no response from her. I put my hand through Arch, hair but no, there’s no reaction. I shout at the top of my voice, but it doesn't have any effect on them.
I get mad, I get out of the room furious, only to bump into a poster on the wall. I am breathless, speechless, it is my obituary, I died an year back, when a lightening struck.
I turn back to see a house, to see a family, to see her, to see Arch., to see the poster disintegrating in the heartless drops that are no more pearls.
"No!!" I shouted at the top of my voice waking up from a bad dream. It was cold outside, and I was freezing to death. But I could hear only a squeak. I tried harder to hear my voice; all I could hear was just another squeak.
I was restless, unable to move, unable to turn. I was surprised to feel how soft my body has become. It was tender like a leaf adored with pearls of dew.
However, the feeling of tenderness was no consolation to my immobility. I tried in vain to lift myself up; not one of the body parts supported me. The eyelids shut my eyes, which were keen to see the light. I shouted in frustration, but I could hear nothing but a cry of agony and pain.
Out of blue came a hand, it was the touch for which I have waited all my life. It was she, I was sure it was she, if only I can open my eyes. The hand took me close to her warm bosom; her soothing touch had made me forget all the pain. The cold, which woke me up, disappeared in her warmth. I didn't want to open my eyes; least I should be deprived of this comfort (How selfish of me).
Then came an interesting thought to me, where am I? Why is she here with me? What happened to me? This thought process took me back to, what I remembered last.
It was a bright Sunday morning; I had planned for a long drive along the coast of Bay Of Bengal with her. I met her a year back at book festival. There was this book on cocktails, which I wanted as a present for a good friend of mine, however I got the reply that it was already chosen by an young lady who was browsing the stack at some distance. She was plump and had a silky black hair. Dressed in fair looking salwar suit, she was pouring over the books like a ravenous wolf. With the book in hand, I walked up to her and said, "Excuse me madam, will you mind if I take this book".
She turned,the silky hair breezing past my face, and said "What?” I was shocked; I knew I was in love with this girl. It was not new for me to fall in love, but this time I was head on in love with this girl. The large playful eyes added what I call "kala" to an already enchanting face. Its was not just the face that I fell for, it was the grace in her look and moments, and when I came to know her better, I just couldn't believe my luck, for such a wonderful individual was she.
"Forget it" pat came the reply, thud I came back to earth. I pleaded her and persuaded her and cajoled her to let me go with the book, reluctantly she agreed.
Thus started a new phase in my life, when I have decided upon my life partner, only hitch was she was already engaged.This didn't dampen my spirits as I always believed that I"m"possible.
And that Sunday afternoon, it was about six months since she accepted me. We reached Rishikonda, with its beautiful sun kissed beaches and unexplored wilderness offered an apt place for couples like us looking for hours of seclusion.
At 5 in the evening dark clouds broached the sky gobbling up the sun in the process. We decided to leave, as there were ominous signs of an impending storm. Driving by the coast road with the wind on the face was a beautiful experience. Without any warning there was this boulder, which rolled over from the adjoining hill, triggering a landslide unknown in this part of the world. I felt a bang on my head and that’s it, I woke up to find my self in the arms of that beautiful lady whom I love as much as I love myself.
With these thoughts I dropped to sleep.
Commotion around me brought me back from my slumber. I felt warm in my blanket, relluctantly I opened my eyes when I felt her taking me into her hands, for a moment I was shocked I couldn't believe what I saw. She took me into her arms from a, "cradle". | <urn:uuid:73694a54-3266-43a8-a0c4-0954f0d93146> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://netherstories.blogspot.com/2004/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.990802 | 3,992 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Remind them a to be subject to rulers and authorities, to obey, b to be ready for every good work,
to speak evil of no one, to be peaceable, gentle, showing all humility to all men.
For c we ourselves were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful and hating one another.
But when d the kindness and the love of e God our Savior toward man appeared,
f not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through g the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit,
h whom He poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior,
that having been justified by His grace i we should become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.
j This is a faithful saying, and these things I want you to affirm constantly, that those who have believed in God should be careful to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable to men.
But k avoid foolish disputes, genealogies, contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and useless.
l Reject a divisive man after the first and second admonition,
knowing that such a person is warped and sinning, being self-condemned.
When I send Artemas to you, or m Tychicus, be diligent to come to me at Nicopolis, for I have decided to spend the winter there.
Send Zenas the lawyer and n Apollos on their journey with haste, that they may lack nothing.
And let our people also learn to maintain good works, to meet urgent needs, that they may not be unfruitful.
All who are with me greet you. Greet those who love us in the faith. Grace be with you all. Amen.
New King James Version (NKJV) Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.
Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and the authorities that exist are appointed by God.
1 Peter 2:13
Therefore submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake, whether to the king as supreme.
That you may walk worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing Him, being fruitful in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God.
1 Corinthians 6:11
And such were some of you. But you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus and by the Spirit of our God.
1 Peter 4:3
For we have spent enough of our past lifetime in doing the will of the Gentiles - when we walked in lewdness, lusts, drunkenness, revelries, drinking parties, and abominable idolatries.
For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men.
1 Timothy 2:3
For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior.
Therefore by the deeds of the law no flesh will be justified in His sight, for by the law is the knowledge of sin.
Ephesians 2:4 - 9
But God, who is rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us.
Jesus answered and said to him, "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.
I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will take the heart of stone out of your flesh and give you a heart of flesh.
Then the King will say to those on His right ha...
Now as He was going out on the road, one came r...
And if children, then heirs - heirs of God and ...
Not only that, but we also who have the firstfr...
For we were saved in this hope, but hope that i...
In hope of eternal life which God, who cannot l...
1 Timothy 1:15
This is a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptance, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am chief.
1 Timothy 1:4
Nor give heed to fables and endless genealogies, which cause disputes rather than godly edification which is in faith.
2 Timothy 2:23
But avoid foolish and ignorant disputes, knowing that they generate strife.
And if he refuses to hear them, tell it to the church. But if he refuses even to hear the church, let him be to you like a heathen and a tax collector.
And Sopater of Berea accompanied him to Asia - also Aristarchus and Secundus of the Thessalonians, and Gaius of Derbe, and Timothy, and Tychicus and Trophimus of Asia.
But that you also may know my affairs and how I am doing, Tychicus, a beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord, will make all things known to you.
Tychicus, a beloved brother, faithful minister, and fellow servant in the Lord, will tell you all the news about me.
2 Timothy 4:12
And Tychicus I have sent to Ephesus.
Now a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man and mighty in the Scriptures, came to Ephesus.
1 Corinthians 16:12
Now concerning our brother Apollos, I strongly urged him to come to you with the brethren, but he was quite unwilling to come at this time; however, he will come when he has a convenient time. | <urn:uuid:44459f04-fb3e-4fa4-a583-d4980170294d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ebible.com/nkjv/titus/3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951783 | 1,377 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Students – residence rights
You have the right to live in the EU country where you are studying for the duration of your studies if you:
- are enrolled in an approved educational establishment
- have sufficient income, from any source, to live without needing income support
- have comprehensive health insurance cover there.
National authorities may not require your income to be above the level that would qualify you for basic income support.
You could lose your right to stay in the country if you finish your studies and cannot prove you are working or have sufficient resources to support yourself. | <urn:uuid:e0db40fe-9793-4d8c-b90c-06872efb043c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businesslaw.org.ua/2020/10/page/4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956077 | 114 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The world has come to standstill due to the spread of coronavirus on Earth. The WHO declared the COVID-19 or the coronavirus as a pandemic, on March 11, 2020. Nearly 210 countries are affected by it. Not only lives are lost, but the industries and companies have taken a huge blow.[i] The business and commerce sector has been halted because of the nation-wide lockdown announced in many countries, and restriction of movement. This has disrupted the world economy. There have been certain events in past which had caused damage to Indian economy comprising and not only limited to the 2001 earthquake which occurred in Gujrat, killed almost 20,000 people, and the 2004 Tsunami which occurred in the Indian ocean, affected lives of nearly 2,30,000. The COVID-19 outbreak on the other hand, has brought the entire world to a halt.
Most essential elements of any business is the ability to pay, and something which binds two parties to perform, i.e. contracts. Contract legislation sets out the mutual duties of the parties towards the performance of a contract. Section 34 of the Indian contracts act, 1872, states that the parties to a contract must either perform, or offer to perform, their respective promises, unless such performance is dispensed from, or excused under, the terms of this Act or any other statute. In this concatenation of commercial contracts, a party without its own fault, might not be able to perform its part of the contract.
In the aforementioned context, it is essential to analyze the commercial implications of COVID-19, and whether the situation which has come before us due to the lockdowns imposed, can be considered as force majeure?
WHAT IS FORCE MAJEURE?
Force majeure is a French term which in Latin means “superior force”. The Black’s Law dictionary defines this term as “an event or effect that can be neither anticipated nor controlled‘. The term includes both, acts of nature (e.g. floods and hurricanes) and acts of people (e.g. riots, strikes and war).”
Force majeure clause must be inserted in the contract for bringing it into action. The Black’s Law dictionary defines force majeure clause as ‘A contractual provision allocating the risk, if performance becomes impossible or impracticable, especially as a result of an event or effect that the parties could not have anticipated or controlled.’
A company inserts a force majeure clause in the contracts to exculpate itself from any liability in a situation wherein it cannot fulfill the terms stated in the contract, for reason which is beyond the company’s control. Force majeure shelters the contract, whose performance becomes impossible due to an intrusion of a superior force. The concept of force majeure has gathered a lot of attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The provision of force majeure clause provides an immediate but temporary relief from meeting its responsibility which the party owes when a force majeure arises. The concept of force majeure is nearly similar to that of doctrine of frustration.
CONCEPT OF FORCE MAJEURE
Force majeure has not been defined nor has it been specifically dealt with in the Indian statutes. But some references can be found in section 32 of the Indian contract act. Section 32 reads “Enforcement of contracts contingent on an event happening Contingent contracts to do or not to do anything if an uncertain future event happens, cannot be enforced by law unless and until that event has happened. If the event becomes impossible, such contracts become void.”[ii]
Ingredients of force majeure clause are as follows
- An unexpected/unforeseen intervening event occurred;
- Presumption of the parties that such an incident will not take place;
- Such an incident made it difficult or impracticable to meet the obligations under the contract;
- The Parties have taken all such steps to satisfy duties under the Agreement or, at the very least, to minimize the damages; and
- The affected party claiming relief under force majeure, will have the burden of proof to show that the force majeure event has affected such party’s performance of the contract.
A force majeure clause usually defines a particular situation or occurrence that may qualify as a force majeure incident, the requirements that must have been met for such force majeure clause to apply to the contract and consequences of occurrence of such force majeure events. For a force majeure clause to become applicable, the happening of such event should be beyond the control of the parties and the parties will be expected to show that they have made attempts to minimize the effect of such force majeure event. If an incident or situation occurs within the span of a force majeure case and fulfills the requirements for the applicability of the provision, the effect will be that the parties will be released from the respective obligations to be fulfilled by them under the contract for the duration of such force majeure events. Further subsequent obligations, depending on the language of the contract, may be needed by the parties to provide a notice duly informing the other party of the occurrence of such an incident and of the application of the force majeure contract. Such contracts may include a clause that, if any force majeure event continues for a longer period, the parties will be able to terminate the contract.
Force majeure typically includes a comprehensive list of events such as war, terrorism, act of god, earthquake, acts of Government, fires, explosions, epidemic or plagues, or a list in which parties establish what generally incorporate force majeure events. The line “and such other acts or events that are beyond the control of parties” can be added to cover all bases. Consequences would include the suspension of obligation to perform or even termination of contract upon the occurrence of the force majeure event. One can seek the remedy only if the contract contains such clause. The honorable Supreme court of India in the case of Energy watchdog and ors. Vs Central electricity regulatory commission and ors,[iii] observed that the force majeure is an express or implied clause in a contract and is governed by chapter III of the Indian contract act. The honorable court also observed that the force majeure clause must be narrowly construed. On construction of force majeure clause, hindrance could mean an event wholly or partly preventing performance.
Force majeure clause is important in the business universe which includes sports. Due to the lockdowns imposed by the respective governments of the countries, sports were halted and a major source of income of clubs and teams viz. ticket sales were cut off. The contract of the players included force majeure clause which allowed the clubs/teams to either suspend the wages of the players or reduce it. Although this didn’t recover the loss which the clubs/teams faced, but it certainly helped in reducing the loss.
Such clauses can be found in various other contracts like power purchasing agreements, supply contracts, manufacturing contracts, project finance agreements, etc. This provision is important in business as it alleviates parties from performing their respective liability or obligations towards one-other.
In the case Satyabrata Ghose v. Mugneeram Bangur & Co.[iv] it was held that, therefore, even if a contract contains a force majeure clause which does not contemplate a particular event, if such an event strikes at the root of the contract and renders it impossible to perform, then the court may find that the contract has been frustrated.[v]
If the execution of an act becomes unlikely or illegal after a contract has been signed, and this impossibility is due to an occurrence which the party performing has not been able to avert, the contract itself will become null and void or it can be assumed that the contract will become ‘frustrated.’ The doctrine of frustration is an English contract law doctrine which acts as a mechanism for setting aside contracts where an unexpected occurrence either makes contractual obligations unnecessary or dramatically alter the primary intent of the contracting party. Doctrine of frustration is not defined in the Indian legislation. It is present in sec 56 of the Indian contract act,1872 which reads as follows
- Agreement to do impossible act. – An agreement to do an act impossible in itself is void.
Agreement to do impossible act. Contract to do an act afterwards becoming impossible or unlawful.—A contract to do an act which, after the contract is made, becomes impossible, or, by reason of some event which the promisor could not prevent, unlawful, becomes void when the act becomes impossible or unlawful. Compensation for loss through non-performance of act known to be impossible or unlawful.—Where one person has promised to do something which he knew, or, with reasonable diligence, might have known, and which the promisee did not know, to be impossible or unlawful, such promisor must make compensation to such promisee for any loss which such promisee sustains through the non-performance of the promise. The doctrine of frustration makes the agreement null and void after the sole intention behind the contract becomes either unlawful or impossible. [vi]
DISTINCTION BETWEEN FORCE MAJEURE AND DOCTRINE OF FRUSTRATION
A force measure clause may include acts of government, war, earthquake, epidemic or any circumstances which the parties may find appropriate before executing the contract. Here the contract is not terminated but the performance of the contract is suspended when there is a presence of a supervening event constituting force majeure. After the force majeure ceases to exist, the parties are to honor the contract and complete the performance subsequently. The Party shall be entitled to terminate the contract in the event of a failure on its part to perform the contract after such force majeure event. The terms and conditions of this clause are decided prior to the execution of the contract and it is a contractual remedy.
The doctrine of frustration on the other hand has the power to render the contract void. It is the happening of the act de hors of contract and such act makes the performance either illegal or impossible. It is a statutory remedy expressed in sec 56 of the Indian contract act which must be interpreted practically by studying the facts around it.
Whether the situation of COVID pandemic and the lockdowns followed would be covered in sec 56 or sec 32 of the Indian Contracts act depends upon the inclusion of a single clause. The righteous use of this remedies shall help in giving the economy some dampening from the losses, but they should be used sparingly and judicially. Thus, the rigidity around sec 32 and sec 56 of the Indian contract act should remain constant because it makes it efficient and fair. It safeguards the businesses and prevents exploitation to a significant degree.
[iii] (2017) 14 SCC 80
[iv] 1954 SCR 310
Thumbnail Credits- https://vlaa.org/what-is-a-force-majeure-clause/ | <urn:uuid:de16c849-fe33-4cdf-993d-83d8d1e427eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lexspectre.in/?p=1336 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946099 | 2,293 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Continuing Education Course: Education, Politics, and the Family
September 7, 2022
December 7, 2022
(6:30pm - 8:30pm)
The Fall 2022 course in the Institute's ongoing Continuing Education Series will be "Education, Politics, and the Person". It will be held on Wednesday evenings from September 7 to December 7, 2022.
The relationship of the family to political society is unquestionably one of the most important questions in both secular political thought and Catholic social teaching. This has become evident in the past few years through the “education wars” that are an ever-present feature of our democracy. Some questions concerning this course will be: What is the role of the family in the educating children to be members of society? What does Christianity reveal about the nature of the family and its responsibility for the education of children and its responsibility to the state? What is the importance of the Church’s teaching that the family is the ecclesia domestica? By examining texts from the tradition (Plato, Aristotle, Augustine and Aquinas), contemporary political thought, as well as the Papal and Conciliar teachings of the 19th and 20th century, the course will address those issues.
Class will be taught in person in McGivney Hall on Catholic University of America's campus in Room 006, and offered online simultaneously.
This course can be taken toward renewal requirements for VCEA licensure. Numerous high schools in the Archdiocese of Washington accept the course for CEU credits.
If you have questions please contact email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:7a720c17-3ef8-41df-992b-5e5735ea3036> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.johnpaulii.edu/events/view/continuing-education-course-education-politics-and-the-family | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957936 | 330 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Carbon capture and storage or reuse is gaining traction amid intensifying efforts to curb the effect of climate change on the planet. Now, a Swiss-Norwegian team of researchers has gone a bold step further: they are proposing using CO2 as fuel in the production of methanol, to be used as an energy source instead of fossil fuel derivatives.
In a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, the team details their idea as follows:
“We propose a combination of largely existing technologies to use solar energy to recycle atmospheric CO2 into a liquid fuel. Our concept is clusters of marine-based floating islands, on which photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electrical energy to produce H2 and to extract CO2 from seawater, where it is in equilibrium with the atmosphere. These gases are then reacted to form the energy carrier methanol, which is conveniently shipped to the end consumer.”
Interestingly, this is the second recent floating island idea. In April, UN-Habitat showcased a project for a sustainable system of linked floating islands that could sustain communities of up to 300 people each. Yet in the case of the floating energy production facilities, the idea came from the Norwegian government.
Speaking to Newsweek, one of the authors of the paper, Andreas Borgschulte, said the Norwegian government had asked the scientists to find a way to move fish farms further into the open sea. There, however, these farms would need to produce their own energy, hence the floating “power plants.” Related: Battery Breakthrough Solves Major Electric Car Problem
According to the team’s calculations, a system of 70 such floating islands would cover about one square kilometer in a suitable location, which means no threat of too high waves or hurricanes, and water depths of no more than 600 meters, so the islands can be moored safely. Some 3.2 million such islands, the researchers said, would produce enough clean energy to not just offset but exceed the current level of fossil fuel-related carbon emissions.
As is usual with this sort of optimistic breakthroughs, the floating “power plants” are far from a done deal, however. Acknowledging that the main problem of renewable energy is making it cost-competitive with fossil fuels at scale, Borgschulte said there is just one major challenge for the project: extracting the CO2 from the seawater.
"This process is the only one of the total system [that] has not yet been fully developed. All others exist already on an industrial scale," he told Newsweek.
There is certainly strong motivation to develop such a process: the International Energy Agency warned in its latest Global Energy and CO2 Status Report that last year emissions hit a record despite the drive to a more sustainable energy future. These reached 33.1 gigatons last year, breaking their previous record even though the annual increase was relatively modest, at 1.7 percent. At the same time, renewable power additions stalled, highlighting the problem of competitiveness at scale. In this context, the Swiss and Norwegian researchers’ project holds a lot of promise if the carbon extraction process is developed soon enough.
By Irina Slav for Oilprice.com
More Top Reads From Oilprice.com:
- World Bank Cuts Russia 2019 Growth Outlook On Oil Cuts
- Oilfield Services Feel The Pain As Crude Prices Drop
- OPEC+ Has Only One Choice As Oil Prices Slide | <urn:uuid:251a2d32-0aae-491e-8eff-45358d7f8aeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/This-Crazy-Idea-Could-Be-The-Future-Of-Power-Generation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.935958 | 712 | 3.703125 | 4 |
The Breton language knows a very large number of words to designate the Little Ones, and in this “infested with goblins area”, it is common to distinguish them by their habitat.
Pierre Dubois attributes to the kornikaneds the woods, the korils, courilles, corrics, kriores, kereores and kannerez noz the moors, the poulpiquets the valleys, the teuz the meadows, the boléguans the tumuli, the hoseguéannets the circles of stones and the boudics, boudiguets and jester nosz the farms. But Brittany also knows “leprechauns”, “duz”, “korrigs”, “kerrighed”, “komaudons”, “korandons”, “kormandons”, “kérions”, “ozégans”, “fomiquets” or “chorriquets” . Over time, all these once-different little creatures came to be referred to as “korrigan“. (source)
Fomiquets !! One can also spell Faux Mickeysie False Mickey Mouse … Please keep calm, there is nothing to laugh about, the korrigans are a serious thing, we do not joke with them in the land of Armor. Take my word. Let us forget these bad little devils, these Britannylike goofy pranks. I would like to tell about their daughters. All are beautiful, and some are cruel. They are called Korriganes. (source) More than one Breton –young or old– has succumbed to their poisonous charms. When we talk about the fairies of Upper Brittany, we often think about korriganes, even if we do not give them that magical name, which is a bit taboo as we still do not pronounce it wrongly and through.
Legend has it that their world does not follow the same temporal register as that of humans: at home, it flows much more slowly. A paradox that is certainly not one for quantum physics! So I remember a very unusual nocturnal expedition that I started thirty years ago. I wanted to experience the energy of a certain long barrow at the full moon. The sky was cloudless, and the moon rose red, huge like a summer full moon. We were early May. Approaching the lonesome long barrow in a fallow field, I saw gleams around the monument, and cursed those untimely visitors who were going to ruin my experience. I was wrong heavily.
The lights could pass for electric lamps, apart from their changing colors. I thought of one of those gadgets that were trendy in the 80s. Suddenly a silhouette appeared in front of me. She was covered with a clear cape which she let slip gently in the grass. A very beautiful woman, as far as the full moon allowed me to judge. She took my hand, her skin was soft and warm, I did not doubt for a second that it was a date. I was another, her frankness pleased me. Under the stone path, there were a few steps that sank into the ground. I had never seen this in any of my many visits. But nothing could surprise me or incite me to distrust. When I came down behind her, I admit I did not look at the steps …
At the edge of a green lake, we made love on a large square bed covered with white canvas, as in the song. The next moment, I found myself lying in tall grass, blueberries and poppies. The long silhouette of the covered walkway cast his shadow over me. The crescent moon lit up the unreal scene. With one bound, I was on my feet. What croissant ?! We are at the full moon !! I ran to my house in one go, without catching my breath. Mail was coming out of my mailbox. Examining the dates on the envelopes, my heart jumped, I feared the worst … Just entered, I turned on my Mac. Five days ! My short and tasty visit lasted five days of the real world. I will miss these five days when I should tell the story of my life to the Eagle, that he let me pass away from the realm of the dead.
As for the Morrigans … At first glance, they are very close. They often behave in a similar way to those young men who fall madly in the face of their unbearable beauty. Their origin is not Breton, but Irish. Morrígan (Mórrígan, Morrigane or Morrígu) is a character from Irish Celtic mythology, who seems to have been considered a goddess, even though it is not explicitly mentioned in the texts.In some medieval narratives, Morrigan is part of group of three goddesses of war, alongside goddesses Bodb and Macha, or sometimes Nemain. In other stories, the names Morrigan and Bodb are used alternately to designate the Irish goddess of war, or are both described as Witches from Tuatha De Danann.” (source)
Tuatha De Danann belong to mythology. They lived on the soil of Ireland before the arrival of the Celts who took their place gradually, and without the violence that opposed the Tuatha to the formidable Fir-Bolg who occupied these wild lands long ago. It is thought that the Tuatha are the true builders of megaliths, dolmens, menhirs and other cromlechs. They are likened to gods, like the Olympians for the ancient Greeks, the Elohim for the Hebrews or the Anunnas for the Sumerians.
“In the Táin Bó Cúailnge (Cooley Cattle Raid), under the guise of a beautiful and young girl with red eyebrows, she tries to seduce Cúchulainn, who refuses her advances. While fighting, it wraps itself around its thigh in the shape of an eel, and the hero gets rid of it and injures it, so he is absent from the fight for a long time, but when he comes back to fight, he sees a woman washing her bloody clothes in the river, he knows that her hour has come, and later she is in a crow, watching Cúchulainn’s agony perched on her shoulder.” (source)
As we can see, the Celtic mythology of Ireland does not present the morrigans, but the first of them, who was one of the goddesses of the war. Should we conclude that all their descendants are aggressive and totally unchallengeable? Not, quite the contrary. Whether they come from Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall or Brittany, the Morrigans are the fairies of the shore, rus and waves. Foam is their element, twilight their cherished moment.
Like the sinister Prince of the Korrigans, Yann An Aod, John of the Coast, the Morrigans have the same habits and are often confused with him. Yet they are never accompanied by dogs as he did. Their favorite animal is the bear, which no longer accompanies them – good riddance! Often they do not appear in their seductive human form, but in the guise of a raven, like sorcerers and enchanters do. In this case, they like to announce themselves by a flight of three female crows, that is why the old ones call them the Three Black Sisters. We can recognize the three parks of Greek mythology, who are the mistresses of destiny. Black destiny? No way!
As black, they are hardly. In their human version, they dress in bright colors, unlike Yann of the Coast who dresses wall or night color. Yann loves to surprise walkers who venture on the dunes by suddenly emerging close to them. I was able to live this irruption in the falling night. With background noise of the waves on the nearby beach and very close cries of improbable night owls, the scene is enough to terrify simple souls.
The Morrigans today do not play to scare humans. They are often their allies, allowing them to fulfill their secret wishes. If their origin is Irish, their presence is attested throughout the Celtic historical zone, even among the Celto-Ligurians of southern France. In my opinion, Marignane near Marseille was one of their most famous fiefs, whatever the historical record of the city: “The first Marignan residents were … dinosaurs: Iguanodons, amazing creatures 10 meters in length and 5 meters high. Prehistoric people had lived in Marignane: the ancient remains of an oppidum on the Hill of Our Lady of Mercy dating back to a few centuries BCE, show that between Celto-Ligurians and Phoenicians presence, Marignane did not really see day before the Roman occupation, probably during the first centuries of our era, where the site could have been that of an estate belonging to a Roman general or patrician named Marinius, or Marinien.” (source)
Well, well, well. This ethimology is quite uncetain. Let me try another one. You certainly noticed this text contains some naivety, like calling the Celts prehistoric people. If a people built an oppidum some centuries before our era, it was certainly not prehistoric men, but Celts. At that time, an opulent Greek colony already existed, very close, which would become the Massilia of the Romans then the current Marseilles. We know that the port of Aigues Mortes, now far inland, has become stagnant at a historical period. The Hill of Our Lady of Mercy, as the name suggests, was a place where women sailors came to pray for their men subjected to the fortunes of the sea. This hill and its oppidum was to be close to the shore in the first millennium BCE. That is why I incline to think that the name of Marignane does not come from a Roman noble, but from a Morrigan who had accustomed to frequent these places. Hence the subsequent consecration of the Morrigane hill to Notre Dame –a title attributed to the Virgin Mary, worthy heiress of the pagan goddesses. Thus Morrigane became Marignane.
See you next, my good friends. Do not forget to dream. | <urn:uuid:d926233c-dc40-4f71-ae6a-47bb365e5a53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eden-saga.com/en/morrigans-and-korriganes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968243 | 2,192 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Powerful Chelsea devices may point to terror training
By Paul Cruickshank CNN Terrorism Analyst
(CNN) -- The explosive ingredients in the devices placed in New York's Chelsea neighborhood, one of which exploded, were potent and had the potential to produce an explosion significantly more powerful than the devices used in the 2013 Boston bombings, a leading explosive expert tells CNN.
Law enforcement sources tell CNN that according to an initial assessment of the pressure cooker devices, allegedly deposited Saturday night in Manhattan by Ahmad Khan Rahami, they contained aluminium powder, ammonium nitrate and HMTD.
Sidney Alford, founder of Alford Technologies, a British company specializing in explosives, told CNN that the correct preparation of these components would likely have resulted in a significantly more powerful bomb, pound for pound, than the devices in Boston.
Both the Boston and New York devices involved pressure cookers and shrapnel, but the Boston devices contained black powder extracted from fireworks, a much weaker form of explosive. The pipe bomb device set off in a trash can along the route of a U.S. Marines charity race in New Jersey on Saturday morning also included black powder, and thus would have been also significantly less potent than the Chelsea devices, according to Alford.
Authorities believe Rahami was linked to that device, and to the backpack left near a train station in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Authorities have not yet revealed what was inside the devices recovered in that backpack.
Put simply, the Chelsea bombs contained high explosive while the Boston devices did not.
This is where the science comes in. Alford explains that high explosive is a term used for explosive that produces what bomb chemists call "detonation."
"This is where the decomposition takes place in the very short time that it takes a shock-wave to pass through the explosive, generating a mass of hot gas that expands at a velocity greatly exceeding the speed of sound," he said.
The Boston devices and the New Jersey pipe bomb did not explode at anything near this velocity because they did not contain high explosive.
Looking for clues in shrapnel, metal pieces
Alford said that if the Chelsea bomb "detonated" it would likely have blown the pressure cooker into many very small fragments, which would have acted as shrapnel and penetrated victims' bodies. If the bomber had not got the recipe right then it is possible the device did not achieve "detonation."
Alford said a tell-tale sign of an explosion short of detonation would be if the pressure cookers had exploded only into larger pieces. Investigators have not yet revealed the size of the fragments they recovered, but the bomb that went off in Chelsea propelled a heavy duty metal dumpster across a whole Manhattan street and created apparent pock marks on nearby buildings suggesting a powerful explosion. It injured 29 people.
It is possible the dumpster absorbed some of the force of the blast, preventing a much higher casualty count.
As law enforcement cordoned off the area, investigators found an unexploded pressure cooker four blocks away.
The combination of aluminium powder and ammonium nitrate produces an explosive substance similar in composition to Tannerite, a patented substance used on some shooting ranges in the United States to create spectacular explosions when a target is hit by a bullet.
Both aluminium powder and ammonium nitrate can be purchased for this specific purpose
Rifle bullets produce enough energy to detonate the explosive mixture. But in the Chelsea pressure cooker devices, a small amount of HMTD could have been used to set off a "main charge" of aluminium powder-ammoniun nitrate mixture, according to Alford.
HMTD has been used to build detonators in multiple al Qaeda plots against the West. A case in point was the July 7, 2005, London bombings. The British al Qaeda operatives who plotted to explode 10 transatlantic passenger aircraft in 2006 also planned to build detonators containing HMTD, according to court records.
Overseas training to make a device deadlier?
HMTD has many similarities to TATP, another high explosive used by terrorist groups in plots against the West.
The chemicals necessary to make both of them can be easily purchased in the United States and instructions for how to make them can easily be found online. HMTD was used by militaries in the years after World War I, but was subsequently abandoned in favor of more stable compounds.
Once dry, the reactiveness of HMTD and TATP means there is a risk of accidental detonation if they are jostled or exposed to high temperatures.
The use of HMTD in the Chelsea devices may point to overseas training. It is tricky to make for individuals without a chemistry background and is difficult to perfect without experimentation. There have been very few Islamist terrorist plots in the West since 9/11 in which plotters have managed to make HMTD or TATP without overseas training.
One of the few exceptions was Andrew Ibrahim, a British self-radicalized extremist arrested in 2008 who made HMTD to insert inside a suicide bomb vest without ever apparently getting training overseas. According to Alford, it is possible to make HMTD just by downloading instructions from the internet, so it does not necessarily indicate overseas training.
Investigators are probing lengthy stays by Rahami in Afghanistan and Pakistan between 2011 and 2014. His travel pattern has similarities to that of Times Square bomber Faisal Shazad, an American recruited by the Pakistani Taliban, who trained him in explosives in the tribal ares of Pakistan. Shahzad, who like Rahami was not on the radar screen of U.S. counterterrorism agencies, attempted to set off a car bomb in Times Square in May 2010 half a year after receiving training.
One key question is did Rahami received bomb-making training from a militant group while he was overseas?
CNN's Evan Perez, Shimon Prokupecz and Deborah Feyerick contributed to this report.
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