text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2
values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1
value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May you live in interesting times
May you live in interesting times : Phrases
May you experience much upheaval and trouble in your life. The clear implication being that 'uninteresting times', of peace and tranquility, are more life-enhancing.
While purporting to be a blessing, this is in fact a curse. It is widely reported as being of ancient Chinese origin, but is likely to be of recent and western origin, although it seems to be intended to sound Chinese, in the 'Confucious he say' mould.
May you live in interesting times to HOME PAGE
The earliest citation that has yet come to light is U-Turn, a sci-fi short story by Duncan Munro (one of the pen names of Eric Frank Russell), 1950:
"For centuries the Chinese used an ancient curse: 'May you live in interesting times!' It isn't a curse any more. It's a blessing."
It may be that Russell coined the phrase himself or he may have heard it elsewhere. | <urn:uuid:35f563f7-cd48-4d76-9a15-55b0933565a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.english-for-students.com/May-you-live-in-interesting-times.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955698 | 227 | 1.734375 | 2 |
China's coal exports have been falling sharply in volume since June, and the total export volume of this year is predicted to be approximately the same as last year, according to Customs statistics.
The statistics show that in the first eight months China exported 33.64 million tons of coal, up 0.3 percent over a year earlier; the export value was $3.36 billion, up 75.6 percent.
However, the export of coal in July and August fell month by month. In August the export was 3.37 million tons, down 1.41 million tons and 3.62 million tons from June and July, respectively.
The Customs report, released last week, said that with oil prices staying high this year, the demand for coal has been rising sharply in the international market while major coal producing countries have adopted restrictive measures on exports, leading to rising coal prices in the international market.
Many Chinese coal enterprises have been willing to make a good bargain in the international market, while at home many power plants had to shut down because of short coal supplies, the report said.
To ensure domestic coal supply and fend off the impact of high coal price on lower-reach products, China decided to raise the interim export tariff of coking coal from 5 percent to 10 percent and levy a 10 percent interim export tariff on other soft coal as of August 20, while cutting the export quota of this year.
The report said that with rising export cost, the falling trend of coal exports is expected to continue. | <urn:uuid:8e8e0b68-814f-40f8-9548-cbfe25fce535> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2008-10/01/content_7072312.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.966737 | 306 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Voices Behind The Vote: Flipping The Script
Lots of people don’t vote because they don’t see candidates they identify with or they don’t think their vote counts for much. KUNM spoke with a student who's got a lot on his mind, including felony charges and an upcoming trial date. Even so, he says he’s getting informed and getting to the polls for the first time this election.
On a sunny October day, D’Andre Ravenel sits next to the Regional Correction Center in downtown Albuquerque. He and several of his peers are on their lunch break from Gordon Bernell Charter School, a high school for people who are on probation or incarcerated.
“This school is for people who haven’t had the easiest life, who are going through some stuff,” Ravenel explains. “I’ve struggled my entire life with clinical depression, suicidal tendencies. I’ve tried eight times to kill myself. I’ve been shot. I haven’t lived a very easy life, but I’m just trying to make the most of a bad situation.”
Ravenel is fighting charges of second-degree murder and extortion. Since he spent a little over a month in jail last year, he says, he’s been doing a lot of painting, photography, and exploring the city on his longboard. “I’m just really trying to occupy himself with productive things, things that aren’t going to get me in trouble, things that I enjoy doing.”
At 21, Ravenel recently registered to vote for the first time. “I always assumed that my vote, my opinion, didn’t really make a difference,” he said. “But my teacher up there, Miss Jessie, kind of flipped the script on me and said ‘if everyone has that mentality, then of course nothing’s going to change.’”
With supportive staff and a flexible pace, he says Gordon Bernell offers a much better environment than his previous, "terrible" high school experience.
"I was expelled both my years. I was going through a lot of depression, and you know, public schools are not going to go out of their way to help one individual," he said. "But here, if I really need help with one specific thing, the teacher will sit down and work with me for however long it takes until I get it.”
Several classmates sit with Ravenel on a ledge outside the building, cracking jokes and offering words of support. He says they're like family. "They accept me for who I am. They’re not going to judge me based on my appearance. Because, I mean, if you were to look at me: African American, scarred-up right arm... I look like a degenerate, like I should be out causing problems. But they don’t see me like that. They actually see the real me, the genuine person, not just the stereotype that society has labelled me as.”
Ravenel registered as a Libertarian, he says, because it “seemed the most neutral.” He says he'd like to vote for a candidate who is transparent, honest, and trustworthy. "Someone who can understand and relate to people who live the day-to-day," he said. "Genuine, real working people. People who make the world run, not just the people on top."
"We’re the gears, you know. We’re the cogs in the machine."
Support for KUNM’s Public Health New Mexico project comes from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the McCune Charitable Foundation, the Con Alma Health Foundation, and from KUNM listeners like you. | <urn:uuid:ef6db7d8-7ec2-4d97-b74f-240d349674e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kunm.org/politics/2018-10-23/voices-behind-the-vote-flipping-the-script | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.97536 | 803 | 1.554688 | 2 |
August 1, 2022
Coming on the eve of the 40th Anniversary of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the federal government has released new guidelines clarifying what the goals of an IEP should be for a student with learning disabilities. In simple terms, the U.S. Department of Education states that the IEP should “conform to the state’s academic content standards for the grade in which the child is enrolled.”
For example, a high-school freshman who is reading at a 5th-grade level, must have an IEP that features ninth grade academic content. It is up to the IEP team to tailor the learning experience to ensure that the content is accessible to the student. The new directive makes exceptions for that small segment of the student population with significant cognitive impairment, though it still requires the school to set “ambitious, but achievable goals” to move that child along the continuum toward his or her grade level.
“In the 40 years since this law was enacted, we have moved beyond simply providing children and youth with disabilities access to the school house,” said outgoing U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan. “Today, we want to assure that these students have no less than the same equal shot at the American dream as their nondisabled peers.”
The new guidelines are being released in conjunction with other IDEA resources, some of which are directed specifically toward helping parents support their child’s academic and social needs. | <urn:uuid:bcbb8afe-93aa-486a-ad60-991cf008e71e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smartkidswithld.org/blog/iep-guidelines-ensure-age-appropriate-learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.969245 | 321 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Return to the island of Aphrodite
Fifty years and 84 days after my first arriving in Cyprus I and my wife landed at Paphos International Airport last week at the start of a fortnight in the sun away from the English winter. This prompted me to reminisce on the events of half a century earlier.
On 9th August 1960 Jake Jago and myself left the delights of Fernhurst camp in Sussex, the home of 13 Field Survey Squadron RE bound eventually for Cyprus as members of the Cyprus Boundary Commission. The first stop on our journey was Brompton Barracks home of the depot regiment RE. We had a rude awakening with a full kit check. This was our first posting overseas and we were not prepared for such eventualities having only taken what we thought necessary. Sgt Cartright? was not amused and we only escaped because 13 Sqn had left our departure to the last minute, we had to be in Cyprus ahead of Independence Day. We then moved on to Heathrow , if memory serves me correctly, flying to Nicosia on the ever faithful Britannia aircraft. A vivid memory is that looking out of the aircraft window how dry and barren the land appeared to one used to the green of England. This was not the end of our journey, we now moved into the unloved transit camp at Wayne's Keep. How long we were here escapes me as does the mode of transport to our final destination of Episkopi, the home of 47 GHQ Svy Sqn RE and Survey Directorate. A vague memory is that we were collected by a driver from 47 Sqn.
We then met the other members of the Commission, Major T. Whatling RE, Sgt "Sam" Reeder RE and Cpl Brian Williams RE. Administratively we were with 47 Sqn at that time based at HQ Western Area in Nissen hut accommodation for work purposes but living in the main accommodation blocks in the main cantonment. The Sqn OC was Capt B Davies RE, in charge of air survey and discipline was a formidable character recalled from our days at SMS, S/Sgt Dougie Ward RE. SQMS and ic Field svy was to the best of my recollection S/Sgt Whittaker RE. Field Survey staff included Cpl Alan Roberts RE and Air Survey Cpl "Flab" Ford RE. National servicemen completed the complement along with t the office clerk and three drivers, Taff ?, Bert ? and Dave Howard.
Our initial introduction to the task in hand was perusal of the maps and air photographs, which I believe were fairly large scale showing the delineation of the Sovereign Base Area boundary of the Episkopi/Akrotiri Cantonment. This was done in Survey Directorate which was under the command of DD Survey Brigadier J Edge (The future author of "The Retriangulation of Great Britain"
When the field work started we were based a a building on the Akrotiri peninsular amongst the orange groves and grape vines. We were working in conjunction with a Cyprus Lands & Surveys team headed by a Mr Kristophi. The task was to emplace concrete boundary markers and to co-ordinate them. The method of surveying was traversing using "Surveyors catenary" a far cry from the MACCA base measuring system to which I had become accustomed during OP EMILY! Banderoles and spring balances as opposed to straining tripods and weights. As to the instrumentation memory fails me but it was more than likely the ever faithful 3 ½ Tavistock, maybe someone with a better memory than mine can confirm or deny! Later in the task we had to resort to a subtense bar or areas not suitable for traversing.
In December of 1960 my fiancée came to Cyprus on the troop ship Dunera and we were married at the Garrison Church in Episkopi with a reception held in the Unit club at 47 Sqn.
One abiding memory is one day when out surveying our local labourers caught a snake which they pegged out and released when our work for the day was completed. Unknown to us the snake had wrapped itself somewhere under the Landrover only to drop off outside my bungalow in Limassol, what consternation this caused among the local population!
Computations I carried out using a twin bank Brunsviga and Peters tables at my home, unfortunately I succumbed to the common error of applying the temperature correction in the opposite way, an obvious error which was found by Sam Reeder so I had to recalculate! (not a mistake that I was to make again!)
At some time during the proceedings a new member arrived complete with a tellurometer set MRA2 which would make parts of the task easier Jock Collier was that member.
When the Episkopi surveys were complete the team moved to Dhekalia the other Sovereign Base Area to survey the boundaries there, I did not move with them but was posted to 47 GHQ Svy. Sqn. RE. The work here was very varied and included surveying at both the RX & TX Signals sites using a new theodolite a Kern DKM2. The office included NEARELF Survey library which provided much illuminating reading. We were required to complete "Sheet Size Cards" for 42 Survey Engineer Regiment RE based at Zyyi. Another task new to my self was the calibration of Williamson F49 Air Survey Cameras used by the Canberra PR Sqn at Akroriti which involved taking photographs with said cameras of targets previously set out, measuring those negatives on a Cambridge measuring machine and calculating the camera constants. Life with these calculations would have been simpler if the Frieden Electric calculator on the unit G1098 had been working, unfortunately someone in earlier days had moved from forward to reverse whilst at full speed with calamitous results. The Facit was of course the main calculator used!
During my time with 47 there were many changes of staff, Capt Peter Andrews took over as OC, S/Sgt Peter Seward took over Air Survey & SSM, S/Sgt Ron Birch took over Field Survey and SQMS. Alan Roberts was` replaced by Mick Vickers and Flab Ford by Geoff Sonnex. Pete Smith, Bert Farrell, Mick Adams, Peter Lea, Bas Elvin and Lcpl Davies also joined the unit. Other stories from 47 covering the rally of Cyprus, the Theodolites and the round Island survey can be found in 47's pages.
At some time in 62 or 3 47 was disbanded and reformed a No 1 Air Survey Liaison Section RE now based alongside Survey Directorate.
During 1963 a Tech 2 Field Survey course was held in unit which I attended and completed on my return to UK in July 1963.
The Island of Cyprus has changed beyond all recognition, where there were unmetalled roads there are now motorways. The buses which in 1960 were old Bedford discards from the UK are modern air conditioned Mercedes which provide a far superior service to my area of the UK. Dams have been built and on trip testerday we saw a massive wind farm.
A small part of the wind farm as seen from our small coach.
A typical Village.
Mount Olympus on the Troodos Range.
Some things don't change, a herd of goats on a hillside.
A view of the dammed lake near Paphos.
Other things DO! | <urn:uuid:0f1b80a6-a175-4d44-8351-e1f1d2ba9dd9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.militarysurvey.org.uk/Members/Memories/47/Pathos/Pathos.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974669 | 1,535 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Inquiry could shed light on police time lapse in Uvalde’s deaths
It’s a confusing timeline for law enforcement experts like Jarrod Burguan, who was the police chief of San Bernardino, Calif., when the city was hit by a terrorist attack that killed 14 people. in 2015. Officers entered the facility, a training center for residents with developmental disabilities, within two minutes of arriving.
“Columbine changed everything,” Burguan said Monday. Officers are now trained to form up and enter buildings to confront shooters as quickly as possible to prevent them from killing more people. “It’s been drilled into this industry for years now.”
Justice Department officials investigating the Texas murders will consider a host of questions about the police response to Uvalde. A similar review that widely praised the response to the San Bernardino mass shooting was over 100 pages.
Announcing the review, Justice Department spokesman Anthony Coley said it would be conducted in a fair, impartial and independent manner and that the findings would be made public. It could take months. The review is conducted by the Department’s Community Oriented Policing Office.
A key question for Maria Haberfeld, a professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, is why a school district police chief had the authority to tell more than a dozen officers to wait in a hallway. from Robb Elementary in Uvalde.
“The key question for me is who named him responsible?” she says.
Officials said they believed the suspect was barricaded in adjacent classrooms and there was no longer an active threat. But school cops don’t usually have the most experience with active shooters, and Haberfeld wondered why people with more specialized training don’t take the reins.
A US Border Patrol tactical team eventually used a janitor key to unlock the classroom door and kill the shooter, raising more questions about the choice of entrance.
“This is not a medieval fortified castle. It’s a door,” she said. “They knew what to do. You don’t need the key.
The justice review will not investigate the crime itself, nor directly hold the police civilly or criminally liable. What it will likely do is look at things like how police communicate with each other, said Thor Eells, executive director of the National Tactical Officers Association. It is not yet clear why school principal Pete Arredondo believed the shooter was barricaded and he has not commented.
“I think we have to be a little patient about it and wait to make sure we understand what that mindset was,” Eells said. “It comes down to communication. What information did they have? »
The review will also likely look at how well officers were prepared with equipment such as weapons and body armor. The shooter was wearing a tactical vest and was armed with an AR-15 type rifle, a powerful weapon capable of piercing basic body armor.
In previous shootings reviewed by the Justice Department, non-specialist law enforcement units lacked the type of body armor needed to fully protect themselves.
During the 2016 massacre that killed 49 people and injured dozens more in the LGBT community at Pulse Nightclub in Orlando, Florida, a detective at the scene exchanged gunfire with the suspect, knowing his handgun was “not up to par” with the firearm fired into the club. Despite this, first officers at the scene formed a team to quickly enter the club and begin searching for the shooter, according to the report.
In San Bernardino, meanwhile, only one of the first officers on the scene had a shotgun and several did not have body armor. But they still used their training in active fire situations to form a team of four officers to immediately enter the compound.
Moving quickly is important not only to prevent a shooter from killing more people, but also to help the injured. In San Bernardino and Orlando, Justice Department reviews credited the quick response with transporting injured people to treatment in a “golden hour” when victims are mostly likely to survive.
It’s unclear what impact the delayed entry into the Texas classroom might have had on one of the children injured and in need of treatment more than an hour’s drive away in San Antonio.
Police must quickly analyze the risks to themselves and others in a violent and rapidly changing situation – but they are also trained to prevent people from getting hurt, Eells said.
“Entering this room is very, very, very dangerous,” he said. “But we will take that risk, knowingly and willingly, because our priorities are to help those who cannot help themselves.” | <urn:uuid:90102f2e-8fde-4676-8caa-7105481d845e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thearcmarion.org/inquiry-could-shed-light-on-police-time-lapse-in-uvaldes-deaths/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972104 | 963 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Satellite imagery reveals a severe die-off of mangroves along Australia’s northern coast. More than 7,000 hectares (27 square miles) of mangroves have dried up, research indicates. The tree deaths come amid high temperatures that have also been linked to massive coral bleaching and kelp forest deaths in the region.
These natural-color images were acquired on July 15, 2014, and July 20, 2016, by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8. They capture the extent of mangrove die-offs on a strip of beach along the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Notable tree loss occurred between November and December 2015, said Norman Duke, leader of the Mangrove Research Hub at Australia’s James Cook University. Between 5 and 25 percent of trees have died along more than 1000 kilometers (620 miles) of shoreline and fringing inlets.
There are few direct human pressures in this isolated region, said Duke. However, the die-off correlates with record-high daytime and nighttime temperatures in the region, according to the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. From January through April, rainfall measured 41 percent less than average for that period—the lowest it’s been since 1961, the Bureau reported. The heat arrived on the heels of an unusually long dry season and a 20-centimeter drop in local sea levels that lasted for a month, said Duke.
“These factors coincided in the critical months...when habitat tolerances were at their limit,” Duke wrote in an email. He pointed to man-made climate change as a main cause.
Mangrove trees and shrubs grow at tropical and subtropical latitudes. A dense network of stilt-like roots allows them to thrive in shallow waters. It also provides shelter to many species of fish and turtles. And it helps shelter the dugong, a threatened species that is a relative of the manatee.
Mangrove forests fortify the coast, providing a buffer against storm surges by holding sand together with their roots and causing sediment to build up around them. Scientists like Duke worry that without the mangroves, Australia’s shores could become highly vulnerable to erosion, especially if tropical cyclones hit the region over the next decade.
NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Caption by Pola Lem. | <urn:uuid:9e1882a0-4e99-4fc2-b508-d62b611290d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/88459/dying-mangroves-on-the-australian-coast | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954653 | 501 | 3.6875 | 4 |
The musculoskeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Primary functions of the musculoskeletal system include support of the body, provision of motion, and protection of vital organs. The skeletal system serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus and contains critical components of the hematopoietic system Overview of Hematopoietic System in Animals Normal hematopoiesis. Blood supplies cells with water, electrolytes, nutrients, and hormones and removes waste products. The cellular elements supply oxygen ( RBCs), protect against foreign... read more . Many other body systems, including the nervous, vascular, and integumentary systems, are interrelated, and disorders of any one of these systems may also affect the musculoskeletal system and complicate diagnosis.
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system most often cause lameness. Lameness is an abnormal stance or gait caused by pain, mechanical restrictions such as upward fixation of the patella in horses, or neuromuscular disease. The most common cause of lameness in all species is pain. The degree of impairment depends on the specific problem and its severity. Skeletal, articular, and tendon/ligament disorders are by far the most common cause of lameness and have the greatest economic impact.
In horses and dogs, musculoskeletal injuries are a major source of debilitating pain, economic loss, and loss of athleticism. Osteoarthritis Gonitis and Osteoarthritis in Horses Mild to moderate inflammation of the femorotibial and femoropatellar joints of unknown origin is common. Severity of lameness varies. Synovitis and capsulitis may result from athletic sprain... read more is common in middle-aged and older animals and has a great economic impact to owners of affected horses. In young performance horses, acute traumatic injuries are the most common cause of musculoskeletal dysfunction. Several studies estimate that problems involving the fetlock and carpal joints in horses in race training account for 25%–28% of horses lost from training. Tendon and ligament injury is also a common debilitating injury in performance horses. In dogs, cranial cruciate ligament injury with resulting osteoarthritis is a common musculoskeletal injury resulting in lameness. Although perhaps less common, primary muscular diseases, neurologic deficits, toxins, endocrine aberrations, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, blood and vascular disorders, nutritional imbalances or deficits, and occasionally congenital defects can adversely affect the musculoskeletal system.
For More Information
Also see pet health content regarding the musculoskeletal system in dogs Components of the Musculoskeletal System in Dogs Bones provide rigid structure to the body and shield internal organs from damage. They also house bone marrow, where blood cells are formed, and they maintain the body’s reservoirs of calcium... read more , the musculoskeletal system in cats Components of the Musculoskeletal System in Cats Bones provide rigid structure to the body and shield internal organs from damage. They also house bone marrow, where blood cells are formed, and they maintain the body’s reservoir of calcium... read more , and the musculoskeletal system in horses Components of the Musculoskeletal System of Horses Bones provide rigid structure to the body and shield internal organs from damage. They also house bone marrow, where blood cells are formed, and they maintain the body’s reservoir of calcium... read more . | <urn:uuid:6d50cd65-cbb7-42f9-a0f7-3d4bcfa3bbd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.merckvetmanual.com/veterinary/musculoskeletal-system/musculoskeletal-system-introduction/the-musculoskeletal-system-in-animals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.895207 | 739 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Dan Lauria may be known for his roles in The Wonder Years, Sullivan and Son, and JAG, but few people know that the talented actor was also a Marine.
Lauria is from Long Island, N.Y., and his father was a truck driver. Lauria played football, and his friend’s parents worked for Grumman, the predecessor to Northrup Grumman.
Lauria described it as “very blue-collar.” His father served in the Army during World War II. He was one of the initial Americans to go into Muhlhausen, Germany, a town with a concentration camp.
Lauria told We Are The Mighty, “For the rest of his life, he didn’t have problems looking at war movies, but if he saw anything about the Holocaust, he would get violently sick.”
Time In The Military
Lauria was an Infantry Officer with the Marine Corps, heading for Vietnam, but his unit was stopped in Okinawa. While in Okinawa, Lauria trained the ARVN on calling in airstrikes. He went into the country until his unit was attacked by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army.
His unit was then ordered out. Race was an issue at the base in Okinawa, so Lauria taught Black History classes once a week.
After, he went to Quantico for football and taught Human Relations to colonels and generals at The Basic School. The Commander of The Basic School, Colonel Schultz, ordered Lauria to get the Marine Corps involved in the community, another tough task.
“We didn’t even wear our dress uniform flying home. It was getting bad back then with the protesting,” said Lauria. He was a problem solver, and the Marines participated in Big Brothers with inner-city kids on the weekends.
Lauria was the Range Officer on the Marine Corps Kennedy Assassination investigation. The Corps reconstructed the scene and ran scenarios.
They brought in expert marksman retired Marine Lieutenant Colonel William McMillian, who was one of the best shooters in the Corps. Lauria said McMillian reminded him that they were there to figure out the shooting facts, not who did it.
Lauria told We Are The Mighty that he has enjoyed all of the projects he has worked on, from The Wonder Years to Sullivan and Sun, JAG, NCIS, Criminal Minds, and others.
He said he looks forward to the next project and works with theaters doing Celebrity Read to help regional theaters stay open. | <urn:uuid:77b68ee0-ed05-47fb-a6e1-eee10b1957db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thinlinenews.com/2021/12/14/the-wonder-years-star-who-served-in-the-us-military/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.984914 | 534 | 1.554688 | 2 |
PBM Best Practices Series: What to expect from your PBM account team
Pharmacy benefit managers play a key role in helping plan sponsors manage prescription drug spend, and good account management can make all the difference
The year 2020 has challenged us all in unique ways. It has called for modifications in the most fundamental aspects of life and business operations. While companies struggle to remain solvent due to risks previously unconsidered, many have looked to insurance policies, grasping at any possibility of coverage. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged business interruption insurance1 and transformed how we view workers' compensation coverage.2 Cyber liability has taken on new levels of exposure as people work from home, school is held online, and retail converts to no-touch operations.
Companies are realizing what their current insurance does and does not cover throughout all these uncharted events. Many have recognized a gap in insurance coverage they wish would have been filled. But from where? Mainstream insurance companies may not yet provide coverage to meet these specific demands, such as pandemic insurance. Even if these unique coverages exist, some companies find certain types of losses could be handled internally within one’s own captive for less money than the commercial insurance market. This combination of coverage unavailability and future uncertainty encourages companies to look for solutions in captive formation.
Captive insurance companies are typically formed to insure traditional insurance exposures of a parent company or a group of risks, but they can be used to shield a company from almost any type of insurance risk to which it is exposed.3 This could include new and emerging risks or those unique to a company and for which no mature or broader traditional insurance market exists, such as warranties, financial exposures, and pandemic insurance. Further, captives provide an opportunity for companies to spread the cost of low-frequency/high-severity events over time as years with few or no losses increase surplus.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a key example of a low-frequency/high-severity event resulting in significant business losses to large and small companies alike. Pandemic coverage is a unique risk for which the traditional insurance market has little to offer; very few insurers offer pandemic policies and projected losses are difficult to estimate. Most companies are discovering that their commercial package business interruption coverage will not cover the losses related to this pandemic.
Society is now relying heavily on new and emerging technologies to work remotely, access distance learning, and provide contactless deliveries. The digital world is growing exponentially and contains its own group of emerging risks. The traditional insurance market often reacts slowly to emerging risks due to lack of historical data. The commercial insurance market is also heavily regulated, adding further hurdles for innovation.
When considering a captive to insure unique and emerging risks, two key obstacles need to be overcome. The first is developing insurance policy terms for the coverage, and the second is setting the appropriate premium for the coverage.
For traditional insurance risks, the policy terms, definitions, and procedures are well-established; however, for unique and emerging risks, the coverage and policy issues need to be defined. The following questions should be answered:
Ideally, premium calculations for any insurance coverage are based on a large database of relevant historical data. However, for unique and emerging risks, this is rarely an option. Companies must work with an actuary to find relevant information on which to base their rates. This information may come from internal histories or external industry sources for similar risks.
There will likely be uncertainty in the rates and they must be monitored closely and adjusted as necessary when actual claim experience emerges. While there might be a temptation to set rates conservatively in the face of this uncertainty, the captive will need to be able to demonstrate to its domicile regulator that its insurance policies include risk transfer for accounting purposes. Insurance risk transfer must include uncertainty in both timing and value of claims. Companies should verify that redundant coverage is not simultaneously provided by existing insurance policies, such as a business interruption endorsement for virus and disease provided by some commercial package policies.
Similar to the way the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks increased the availability of terrorism insurance, COVID-19 has heightened awareness of the need for pandemic insurance coverage. Just as the world evolves with technology, the insurance needs of businesses also evolve. In addition to the propulsion of various technologies caused by the pandemic, there are additional emerging insurance risks such as those related to automated cars, smart home technology, city bike and scooter rentals, climate change, riots, and cyber liability. Captive insurance companies could be a solution for providing coverage wherever traditional insurance markets lag behind.
Companies looking to form a captive insurer usually find themselves in one of two scenarios; a company using the commercial insurance marketplace may believe it is being overcharged, or it may be unable to find a desired coverage. The latter occurs when a company requires coverage for unique or hard-to-place risks, when a company struggles to place unattractive layers of coverage, or when a company’s industry is avoided by the commercial insurance market. A captive can also provide access to additional reinsurance markets that might not otherwise be available to the parent company. In these cases, the formation of a captive might be the answer.4
It is likely that a company with significant insurance risk already retains some portion of its losses through a self-insurance or large deductible program. It is important to note that, unless the proposed captive insures a different level of losses or different exposures altogether, retained losses will be identical under either option. An actuary is often asked to review losses at various retentions in order to help determine optimal layers of coverage supplied by the captive.
Although difficult to quantify, tangential benefits such as the centralization of risk management data and the creation of a separate subsidiary to measure the cost of risk related to self-insurance can be a benefit to the parent company and a valuable management tool.
Outside of losses, a company also should consider potential additional expenses, anticipated savings, and long-term objectives. For example, a captive will most likely incur additional expenses associated with planning, underwriting, and implementation beyond the current program structure. Typical additional costs include captive management fees, premium taxes, accounting and audit fees, actuarial fees, an annual board of directors meeting, and regulatory examination fees.
In contrast, a successful captive is designed to save money by recapturing underwriting profits as well as any corresponding investment income that an insurer would have earned. It is also possible for savings to be enhanced in more specific ways. For example, if the captive writes a narrow class of risk and hires claim specialists who are experts in that class of risk, outcomes may be superior to what the commercial market achieves.
Companies with significant amounts of insurance risk can look into forming their own captive, of which they would be the sole parent. As these captives cover only the parent’s losses, single-parent captives heavily rely on information and data currently known and understood by the company. In the case where a company may not be big enough to form its own captive, a group captive may be formed where risk is pooled among members. Usually a group captive includes companies from the same industry with similar levels of risk. A group captive can be helpful in sharing the expense of running the captive. However, incentives should be implemented to encourage all members toward quality risk management.
Captives can also be used to write coverage for companies outside of the parent, or third parties.5 In this way, a captive insurer could be used as a potential profit center.
The biggest advantage of writing third-party business through the captive is that it may provide a tax advantage compared to a captive that is only writing the risks of its parent. When writing outside business, a captive may defer taxes on all unpaid claim liabilities subject to IRS rules on discounting, much like an insurance company. This amount could be significant, depending on the limits and coverages being written. The captive would also collect fees for writing outside business to help offset its costs. In addition, if the business proves to be profitable, the captive would be making money as opposed to just saving money.
Writing insurance for third parties comes with its own additional set of risks. Ultimate losses associated with the business may not be known for several years, at which point it may be difficult to recover unanticipated losses and mitigate their impact on the captive’s profit margin. Thus, it’s important to stick to familiar coverages and industries and to have an actuary help price and review any outside business.
In 2020, we have seen companies and industries forced to reevaluate conventional techniques and procedures. Survival to this point is testament to how quickly they have been able to adapt to a rapidly changing landscape. How will the insurance industry fare with all the newly uncovered risks? Who will thrive? It may be time for your company to consider using the captive insurance market to insure previously unfilled gaps in coverage.
3For more information, see the video at https://www.captive.com/captive-videos/video-pages/insuring-unique-risks-captive.
4For more information, see the video at https://www.captive.com/captive-videos/thought-leaders/joel-chansky.
5For more information, see the video at https://www.captive.com/captive-videos/video-pages/writing-third-party-business-captive. | <urn:uuid:de084e92-f895-41c6-ae83-2644e4635ef9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.milliman.com/en/insight/is-the-lack-of-available-insurance-coverage-holding-you-captive | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95936 | 1,929 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Using a estimated 250,000 bettors, whose past time is becoming’debatable’, there was no anxiety out of government and regulatory bodies that with all the introduction of many new mediums, including internet casinos and poker rooms, so which this figure would radically enhance. But, and amazingly for many, the proportion of people within the UK having a so termed’gambling problem’ has in fact dropped from 72% in 1999 to 68 percent this past year.
Although this figure doesn’t demonstrate the full picture, with all the vast majority of the 4 percent change being directly attributed to some drop in gamers of this national lottery, it’s indeed welcomed news for people who’d expected that a sharp rise 우리카지노.
This analysis, qualified the’Gambling Prevalence examine’ and conducted between September 2006 and March 2007, contested around 9,000 grownups in connection with a total of 17 distinct kinds of gaming. Head of this research, Peter Dean, reasoned more than 99% of adult gamblers didn’t collapse into this problem group and overall, irrespective of the introduction of new gambling procedures, the amount of people who regularly enjoyed a flutter had decreased.
So why would be less people betting, taking into consideration the comparative ease with which now you can take a part? Why gets got the dawn of on-line gaming been evidently not able to lure more people to playing, and more frequently? But the truth of the topic is they have succeeded in drawing on gamblers into their virtual casinos. Aside from a significant decline in those playing the federal lottery, another form of gambling has seen a constant rise on the figures of 1999.
On the surface of things this is hardly something to become overly concerned with. In contrast with some other countries across the globe that the UK rankings one of the likes of Canada and New Zealand, with gambling levels much lesser than at the united states. Additionally it is very good news for the taxation man, that made an staggering #2 Billion from gambling annually alone.
This investigation was first declared by Gordon Brown like a way in the federal government would evaluate its strategy of inhabiting deprived and run-down areas using the introduction of tremendous casinos, also using the earliest to have now been assembled in Manchester later this year. But with all the completion of this study and the findings which do show increased popularity because of non-lottery based gambling, the government have decided contrary to their casino strategies.
1 spokesman for the Prime Minister went on record mentioning”Though the report indicates that trouble gambling still only impacts a tiny minority of individuals, it will continue to be a serious dilemma and also something that has to be addressed. The prime minister claimed in July the issue concerning your super-casino is whether or not this may be the optimal/optimally method of meeting our regeneration goals”
The in depth findings with the record are due to be released very shortly and I am certain the gaming industry, together with other keen industry pros, will indeed be extremely curious in reviewing the decisions of the gambling commission. | <urn:uuid:29a9ef5f-84d5-4f6c-9501-d39b81782879> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://acyclovirbest.us.com/industry-pros-surprised/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.966734 | 643 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Christianity in Bergonia
See Neo-Christian Sects, heretical worship of Christ developed by atrei cults.
Also see Miradi Attacks against Christianity: "The Christian God is a Fascist God."
As native Bergonian civilization collapsed in the late 1500s & 1600s, the demoralized survivors became susceptible to new messages. The missionaries did their work reasonably well, so that a significant minority of the natives who survived the epidemics became Catholics.
Conversion for native Bergonians meant breaking with a whole social system and culture:
Converts were called upon to renounce the clan system.
They also shook off the ancient prohibition against burial of the dead.
European colonists settled along the Bergonian coast and built churches. Of course French and Spanish colonists brought Catholicism with them, but plenty of Protestants came as well.
French Protestants-- Jansenists and Huguenots-- settled Pasiana to escape persecution at home. In southern Bergonia, which England controlled, Anglicans, Dissenters and Protestants of all stripes settled, always in their own separate communities. Anabaptists from Germany settled in also found their way to the south. Also Hutterites.
As in the French and English possession in North America, Protestants in Bergonia had far less interest in converting the natives than in vanquishing them and taking their land. Catholic missions thus obtained many more conversions than Protestant congregational preachers, and Catholics have constituted a huge majority of Bergonian Christians.
The Jesuits and Franciscans were everywhere, learning the Bergonian languages, building churches and missions, and attempting to make converts. The surviving Miradi priests came out and debated the missionaries. The missionaries appreciated the traditional Bergonian love of the dramatic presentation of myth, and so held great passion plays to convey the essence of the faith to the atrei. The Jesuits built four universities which survive to the present day as important institutions. The militant Jesuits welded great influence in Comleta, and even sponsored private armies in the interior to suppress Miradi natives and limit the advances of the English from the south.
The Archbishop in Comleta, the big port city on the north coast, sat together with the French Governor to dominate most French colonial policy, even though the French had three other colonial governors and the Church established important bishoprics. A huge magnificent Baroque Cathedral was built in 1630. To this day Comleta is regarded as the center of Bergonian Catholicism.
Native Christian Churches: Some atrei, after hearing the Christian gospel, recast it to conform to the Bergonian worldview. In the late 1600's and 1700's, when atrei culture reasserted itself, a number of native Christian churches sprang up in defiance of the Catholic, Anglican and other Protestant churches. Some of these inventers applied Miradi minimalism to Christianity, which seemed incredibly complicated to many Bergonians. It was, for Europe, the Baroque age, and one Bergonian chronicler wrote, "Their religion is as messy as their architecture."
The most successful re-distillation of Christianity was "Gospelism," which found so much contradiction within the Bible that it felt compelled to jettison all scripture but the Four Gospel plus the Book of Acts and concentrate only on Jesus's quoted words, and his actions, as the only legitimate source for all dogma. Since Jesus did not explicitly preach the Trinity, the Gospelists did not accept the Trinity. Since Jesus did not specifically identify the Holy Spirit, they did not bother with the Holy Spirit. Likewise they rejected many other standard Christian doctrines, e.g. transubstantiation, the dual nature of Christ, hell or purgatory. This had the effect of scrubbing away the thick Pauline veneer, plus all the dust of the medieval and modern churh. Of course all orthodox Christians denounce this neo-Arianist heresy. A Benedictine friar name Timothy wandered off from the monastery in the province of Zilsia and became an itinerant preacher. He devised this minimalist version of Christianity in 1620, when the plagues were at their worst, writing The Words of Christand then founded the . In 1694 the Gospelists formed a political organization that won control of the independent state of Letlari and fought off a Jesuit-sponsored army in 1712. The Gospelists survive to this day.
After Bergonian Independence in 1780, the Catholic Church saw itself in a precarious position. Although most of the new leaders were Catholics, Christians comprised at most 20% of the population of the republic. In very few other places in the world at the time were Catholics a minority in a predominantly non-Christian nation. The Church realized that democracy might someday expose it to a non-Christian majority.
So the Church has played an ambiguous, careful, yet substantial role. The Church was defensive, guarding its considerable assets and its freedom to operate. It had the advantage of considerable sway over provincial and local government. There were always Catholic delegates to Congress, and there have been Catholic ministers in just about every National Government since independence.
In the first 50 years after independence the elites in Northern & Eastern Bergonia were predominantly Catholic, including most Atrei. But as the country continued to grow, many non-Catholic Atrei rose up and became industrialists and politicians as well, and Catholics inevitably became a minority of the nation's oligarchy.
The Catholic missionaries had successfully converted many (but not most) peasants throughout the northern two-thirds of Bergonia, and the Church became very attached to this peasant base. With industrialization in the 1800s much of this peasant base moved into the cities for factory jobs. With the rise of urban proletariat, the Church built new parishes in the cities. The up-shot of all this: The Bergonian Catholic Church was not as invested in the status quo, as it was in Europe and Latin America.
When the Revolution came in the 1930s and the capitalist state collapsed, the Church's loyalty had nowhere to go. But when first the Kilitan movement and then the Radical Regime attacked all the religions, the Catholics had no choice but to get behind the moderate faction. Fortunately the moderate faction had enough sense to see the Catholic Church as ally. Thus the paradox that in the 1930s the Catholic Church accommodated itself to a revolution in Bergonia and opposed a revolution in Spain.
Thomas Jefferson wrote, in a letter to John Adams, "The day will come when the mystical generation of Jesus, by the supreme being as his father in the womb of a virgin, will be classed with the fable of the generation of Minerva in the brain of Jupiter."
Are You a Christian?
If you aren't, you'll never be elected President of the United States.
Do you agree with all the following:
"I believe in God the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, his only son, our Lord, who was conceived by the holy spirit, born unto the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, died and buried, descended into hell, on the third day rose again from the dead, ascended to the heavens, sits at the right hand of God, thence will come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic ("universal") church, the communion of saints, the remission of sins, the resurrection of the flesh and eternal life." -- the Apostle's Creed. (damn near every Christian Church has a version of this)
Well, the Protestants & Evangelicals don't (necessarily) believe in the virgin birth, the descent into hell, and the communion of saints. Many people in the US who want to say they are Christians actually cannot agree with all of the Creed. The Creed and all Christian teaching, indeed Scripture itself, imply the exclusiveness of the Christian remedy for the ubiquitous plague of sin. So we can simplify the test of faith:
Do you agree with this?
Only through faith in Jesus Christ as the son of God can you get into heaven.
Many people with modern sensibilities gag at the Christian idea that some tribesmen in a desolate place & time who never hears of Jesus Christ in his entire lifetime is iron-clad destined to go to hell. Likewise so did many Bergonians in colonial times-- the whole idea of Christian exclusiveness did not sit well with them.
Missionary: "Dear Friend, to gain eternal life, you must accept baptism in the name of Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit."
Atrei: "No matter what else, if I fail to wash in your water, is my soul is condemned to eternal suffering?
Missionary: "Yes, but God's mercy provides you a way into Heaven."
Atrei: "What of my ancestors? I'm sure neither of my grandfathers had ever heard of Jesus Christ before the plague took them. Did they both go to Hell? Because if they did, then damn your God as a killer tyrant, and if they didn't then what use is your water?"
Christianity warped / transformed by exposure to Miradi influence
The Bergonian solution was to evolve unorthodox versions of the Christian premise, in essence becoming heretics. The Bergonian Neo-Christians took up beliefs consistent with Socianism, the believe that Jesus was just a very extraordinary man, a belief similar to Jehovah's Witnesses & Unitarians, and Pelagianism, holding that people could be saved wholly by their own works without grace. A few sect sought to live fully in Christ, Donatistic-type sects, emphasizing devotional prayer and ascetic practice.
One Jesuit commentator lamented the susceptibility of Bergonian Catholics to heretical beliefs, saying it represented a deep current within the Bergonian mind back toward its native faith. On another level, Miradi quite simply incited heresy within other religions; its very reasonableness induced others to critical examination of their own beliefs.
Here is the basic version of Bergonian Neo-Christianity:
Humankind suffers from original sin, which is to say that sin is innate to the nature of the body, and that sin, having reduced us to our animal nature kills us in death so that we are deprived of eternal life. But we know from the lives of the prophets and saints that men and women can ascend to heaven by their own merit in seeking the divine. As a matter of grace God manifested himself as Christ in the person of a man, Jesus. In the person of Jesus he proclaimed a great clarification for everyone's sake of the basic law of salvation for all humankind-- to love God and to love one another. In the person of Jesus, God experienced the pain and terror of animal death for himself, and thus as an act of compassion gave to humankind an extra option for getting into heaven, by calling upon him by name. In the person of Jesus, he offered to humankind an example to follow.
At every stage of the plague-induced collapse of native civilization, at every stage of the importation of Christianity, Miradi fought back. Miradi priests became preachers, going into colonized areas to preach against the error of Christianity. While the colonial masters tolerated the survival of most Miradi temples, they would not tolerate open street proselytizing and so they prosecuted these preachers. Other preachers wrote pamphlets, and as atrei obtained their own printing presses these were widely circulated everywhere. This anti-Christian
Here was the most typical argument:
The Christian claims that his is the god of love, and that God gave his only son as an act of compassion. Dare we say that an all-powerful god permits everything that exists? This is the same god who created man and women with original sin, and damned every man and woman to an eternal pit of fire for an innate, inescapable condition. Mankind in the Christian universe suffers under the weight of original sin in this life, and then is inevitably doomed to eternal suffering. Such a universe of suffering could be created only by an evil, insane God.
The Christian God came to earth as Jesus Christ, suffered a man's death, and yet even having experienced the pain and terror of death subjectively this God still subjects his creations to it, a willfully cruel act.
God offers salvation from the eternal fire, but only as a matter of his own arbitrary grace and then on the bizarre condition that a man or woman confesses not just submission to himself (Islam effectively would satisfy this condition), but to a very particular myth of himself, with the correct alchemy of three-in-one godhead and the precise chemistry between God and Human in constituting the mythological hero.
This god sits as sovereign and judge, with absolutely arbitrary power, thus setting a pattern for absolutism and cruelty for humans to follow in their institutions and their own lives. The Christian God is a Fascist who sends all his subjects to the gas chambers and vainly values obedience to his name above all other considerations. His judgment is life and death, yes or no, with no gradation or equity.
In light of all this craziness, it is clear that the human concept of justice & equity constitutes a subversive heresy, and a law far more respectful and loving towards its subjects than is God's cruel judgment.
Christians talk about the passion of Christ, a great mystery whereby God became Man and suffered a man's death on the cross. The tragic grandness of the passion overpowers Bergonians in both its horror and its operatic climax, but to many of them think that the justification given for it by the Christina churches actually trivializes and obscures its visceral grandeur.
If there ever was salvation for humankind before Christ's Ascension, the salvation God arranged for mankind afterwards imposed very stringent yet mysterious conditions for salvation. In fact the very issue of "what is required for salvation" is at the heart of the divide between Catholicism & Protestantism. Miradi-inspired anthropologists & historians have written thousands of books on the "Eurasian Mega-Cult of the Dying & Re-Born God," the "Similarities Between Meso-American Blood-Religion and the Christian Blood-Drinking Sacrament," "Christ and other Avatars in Eurasian Mythology," "Jesus Christ as Auto-Sacrifice; Culmination of the Process of Blood-Sacrifice in Early Agricultural Religion," and the like, all concluding that the central tenants of Christianity merely reflect a long history of mythology about tension between the dualistic sacred and profane.
HOME SITE MAP LINKS ABOUT US
THE LAND THE PEOPLE GOVERNMENT ECONOMY ECOLOGY RELIGION CULTURE HISTORY LAW DAILY LIFE
E MAIL US | <urn:uuid:a769361a-10e2-4b34-9ce9-2cd2c5d60e58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bergonia.org/Rel/Christianity.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960855 | 3,064 | 3.046875 | 3 |
One of the sources of the energy waste in wireless sensor networks is idle listening, the time in which a node monitors the free channel. In applications where the events occur sporadically, energy consumption due to idle listening can be further reduced by dual-radio cooperation. In dual-radio cooperation, nodes in the network have two stacks. One stack makes use of a low-power wake-up radio for event-driven communication over the main radio. The other stack may employ any sensor networking medium access control protocol only over the main radio. One of the two stacks can be dynamically operational depending on the rate of the events or the packet arrival rate. When the event rate becomes small, the event-driven stack takes over the operation. If the event rate increases, it could be more efficient to operate the legacy single radio stack. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the dual-radio cooperation in wireless sensor networks. A medium access control protocol is proposed for the dual-radio cooperation to maximize the energy efficiency of the wireless network. We define the critical event rate as the event rate threshold above which the single-radio stack performs better than the dual-radio stack. We analyzed and validated the critical event rate by simulations. We show that 70-97% energy conservation is possible by employing the dual-radio cooperation. | <urn:uuid:2ea03eb2-811b-4d49-b944-c74df419d711> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avesis.metu.edu.tr/yayin/d0b20740-4177-479f-a5e4-56169551b135/event-driven-mac-protocol-for-dual-radio-cooperation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.91179 | 265 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Chemical recycling explained: an overview
It may sound wrong these days, when sustainability is on top of everyone’s agenda, but plastic is, in fact, pretty fantastic: it’s lightweight yet strong and really durable. Since its invention, plastics have revolutionized sectors like healthcare, where they are essential to patient and health worker safety. Unfortunately, far too much plastics end up in our environment. The good news? There is a way to convert plastic waste into value-added products that boost circularity: chemical recycling.
Let’s dive into the topic, starting with the basics.
1. Plastic recycling: the basics
What are plastics?
To grasp the concept of chemical recycling, it is key to know that plastics are made from oil or petroleum and produced through a polymerization process. As a result, they contain long chains of molecules, which are combined to create polymers.
Plastics are categorized according to their primary polymer material. The major plastics we encounter in our daily lives include such polymers as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), HDPE and LDPE (high-density and low-density polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PP (polypropylene), and PS (polystyrene). All of these plastics differ in size, color, usage, and recyclability.
How are plastics recycled?
The world produces 380 million tons of plastic per year. Traditionally, the only way to recycle plastic waste was using mechanical recycling: a process involving sorting, grinding, separating, washing, melting, and then cooling it back to granulated recycled plastic. However, that process is only possible with certain types of plastics, and only if they are made up of single polymers. PET beverage bottles and HDPE containers like milk jugs, for example, are easy to recycle.
In reality, however, many plastic items include multiple types of polymers, multiple layers of plastic, or are contaminated with food and grime. That makes it hard – or too expensive – to recycle them mechanically. Instead, they are incinerated or sent to landfills. That’s why few plastics actually get recycled: about 15% in Europe and 9% in the US. Moreover, the plastics that do get recycled are usually downcycled: they get turned into less valuable products.
2. Intro to chemical recycling
What is chemical recycling?
Chemical recycling is a novel approach to plastic waste recycling that opens up a whole host of new possibilities.
The secret? Chemical recycling breaks the plastic waste down to its constituent molecular parts. When plastic is broken down like that, it directly affects the chemistry of its polymers, making it possible to reconstitute them back to their original raw materials – and ready to be reconverted into new polymers or a petrochemical feedstock.
Chemical recycling of plastics: how does it work?
The term ‘chemical recycling’ covers a range of processes and technologies. The technologies fall into 3 distinct categories based on the position of their output in the plastics supply chain:
- Dissolution removes additives from the polymers by immersing them in solvents. The plastic dissolves, returning it to the polymer stage. The polymers can then be reformulated into new recycled plastics.
- Depolymerization uses chemistry, solvents, and heat to turn polymers back into smaller molecules (monomers), which are then fed back into the plastic production process as secondary raw materials.
- Conversion also uses chemistry, heat or catalytic processes in a reactor to break down the plastic waste into either a gaseous (gasification) or a liquid, oil-like feedstock (pyrolysis) like refined hydrocarbons or petrochemicals which are then processed further to form the feedstock for petrochemical-type processing.
3. Feedstock recycling and pyrolysis
Feedstock recycling: the process
The output of feedstock recycling is basic chemicals (e.g., hydrocarbons or syngas), which need to be processed further to yield a polymer. There are two different approaches to achieve that result:
- Gasification: waste materials are heated to a very high temperature (~1000 - 1500 °C) in low-oxygen environments. The oxygen breaks the molecules down to their simplest components. The resulting syngas (a mix of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and some carbon dioxide) is used to produce a variety of chemicals (such as methanol, ammonia, hydrocarbons, and acetic acid) for plastic production as well as for fuel and fertilizer.
- Pyrolysis (thermal cracking): plastic waste is heated to temperatures over 400 °C under low-oxygen conditions. In the process, long polymer chains are broken down into a range of basic hydrocarbon products like gas, wax, diesel, and naphtha, which can be fed into petrochemical plants to become polyethylene and polypropylene once again or be used directly as a fuel.
The benefits of chemical recycling – pyrolysis in particular
1. Recycles plastic waste that’s always been hard to recycle
Chemical recycling enables the recycling of contaminated and mixed-polymer waste streams, which are unsuitable for mechanical recycling. Still, most chemical recycling technologies have their limits. Chemical depolymerization, for example, can only be applied to ‘condensation’ polymers such as PET and polyamides. Pyrolysis, however, decomposes ‘addition’ polymers like polyethylene (PP), polypropylene (PE), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which make up the majority of the plastic waste streams.
Interesting to know: pyrolysis plants can’t process PET because it contains oxygen. In this way, pyrolysis perfectly complements mechanical recycling, which mainly recycles PET bottles.
2. Produces plastics of a similar quality to virgin feedstock
With chemical recycling, plastic waste is broken down and recycled into new chemicals and plastics that perform like virgin materials. This resulting plastic can therefore be re-used in high-quality applications such as food packaging.
3. Reduces the use of fossil resources
Since chemically recycled plastics can be re-used as feedstock for the production of new plastics, fewer newly extracted fossil resources are needed.
4. Cuts CO2 emissions
Chemical recycling can eliminate the emissions associated with incineration and energy recovery.
4. Chemical recycling: huge market potential
While the use of plastics keeps growing, so does the search for recycled plastics. Consumer product companies like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and Unilever have made ambitious commitments to incorporate a large percentage of recycled material into their packaging. In addition, governments are seeking bans on single-use plastics, such as straws, cotton swabs, plastic bags, and cutlery, and are mandating greater use of recycled material. The petrochemical sector is looking for recycled plastics to meet that rapidly growing market demand.
As explained earlier, mechanical recycling cannot provide the large numbers of recycled plastics the market needs. Hence the huge potential of chemical recycling. While still in its infancy today, the sector is now growing significantly, with several commercial plants in operation and many more expected to be commissioned over the next few years.
According to the Closed Loop report, technologies that purify, decompose, or convert waste plastics into like-new materials could unlock potential revenue opportunities of USD120 billion in the United States and Canada alone.
There is one key prerequisite, though: chemical recycling will only work if it is deployed on a large scale. And that’s what we at Pryme Cleantech are doing right now? | <urn:uuid:a57b1235-6360-496c-860d-a703f1b5607d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pryme-cleantech.com/chemical-recycling | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.931312 | 1,599 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Oil and Gas
The course introduces basic shale candidate selection using petrophysical, geochemical and petroleum engineering information, then adds detailed practical knowledge of well planning, construction, stimulation, production and finally environmental conservation. It provides explanations, theory and practical understanding designed to recognize and build commercial completions and uses gas and oil play case histories from five commercial North American shales: Barnett, Eagle Ford, Gothic, Horn River and Marcellus.
Duration and Training Method
This is a two-day classroom course consisting of classroom lectures, construction examples and group exercises with field frac examples.
Participants will learn to:
- Assess general gas and oil production potential of candidate shale reservoirs.
- Select limiting factors in shale hydrocarbon production such as faults, regional fractures, fluid saturations, natural fractures and frac barriers.
- Estimate potential for initial production and decline rates.
- Formulate a shale gas development plan using multi-well pads and simple facilities.
- Design a well completion suitable for pressure containment and multi-stage fracturing.
- Select frac stages from logs and locate perforation clusters for effective hydraulic diversion.
- Design and execute a fracture stimulation.
- Develop flowback limits to effectively recover load fluids and preserve well energy for unloading water.
- Select the basic production equipment for the well.
- Supervise effective water use and flow back management.
Shales are the most abundant sedimentary rock and many, but not all, contain commercial quantities of gas and/or hydrocarbon liquids. Shales offer thousands of tcf of gas and hundreds of millions of barrels of oil as reserves, but they require careful selection and special stimulation methods to achieve commercial production and returns. The role of technology is critical in improving recoverable fluids.
- Assess General Gas and Oil Production Potential and Select Limiting Factors in Shale Hydrocarbon Production
- Estimate Potential for Initial Production and Decline
- Geologic Impacts – Mapping – From Macro to Micro
- Formulate Shale Development – Multi-Well Pads & Facilities
- Design A Well Completion - based on life of well containment
- Completion Type
- Select Frac & Perf Stages from Logs, Set Hydraulic Diversion
- Design a Frac Stimulation, Identify Pressure Trends & Flags
- Pumping the Frac
- Necessary Chemicals
- Special Frac Topics
- Flowback Strategy
- Develop an Effective Water Use and Recycling Strategy
- Shale Frac Risk
- Air Emission Reductions
Who Should Attend and Prerequisites
The course is designed for mid level engineers and managers.
George E. King is a Registered Professional Engineer with over 39 years oilfield experience since starting with Amoco in 1971. His technical background includes basic research on energized fracturing, acidizing, asphaltenes, perforating cleanup, complex formations (North Sea chalk, San Juan coal, Alaskan and Canadian heavy/viscous oil, US tight gas, GoM Deep Water, and Niobrara shale), unconventional resources (Tier 1, 2 and 3 Barnett shale completions) sand control, low pressure gas wells and applications work on coiled tubing, perforating, tubular cutoff, formation damage and well repair operations.
Technical accomplishments include 60 technical papers, a book on completions and workovers, Distinguished Lecturer on foam fracturing for the SPE during 1985-86, and a Completions Course Lecturer in the SPE Short Course series in 1999. Industry positions held include Technical Chairman of the 1992 SPE Annual Fall Meeting, past API subcommittee chair on perforating, eleven years adjunct professor at the University of Tulsa (teaching senior level and graduate credit well completions and fracturing courses at night), and numerous SPE committees on forums, paper selection committees and Applied Technology workshops. Awards include the Amoco Vice President’s Award for technology from Amoco in 1997, API service award in 1994, and the 2004 SPE Production Operations Award.
Affiliations and Accreditation
MSc University of Tulsa - Petroleum Engineering
BSc University of Tulsa - Chemical Engineering
BSc Oklahoma State - Chemistry
N250: Evaluation Methods for Shale Gas Reservoirs
N944: Shale Gas and Shale Oil Completions Using Multi-Staged Fracturing and Horizontal Wells | <urn:uuid:2d7d732c-73e1-4912-8448-328a21ca038b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://courses.training.rpsgroup.com/Courses/Shale_Gas_and_Shale_Oil_Completions_Using_Multi-Staged_Fracturing_and_Horizontal_Wells/N944 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.854048 | 935 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Is the color GREY or gray?
As a noun, gray usually refers to the color. It can be used as an adjective when we want to say that the color of something is a shade of gray. ... Grey and gray are two different spellings of the same word. Gray is more common in the U.S., while grey is more common in other English-speaking countries.
Is GREY a color?
Grey or gray (American English alternative; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white. ... It is a neutral color or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color "without color", because it can be composed of black and white.
Do British say GREY or gray?
Gray and grey are both common spellings of the color between black and white. Gray is more frequent in American English, whereas grey is more common in British English.
Is Gray spelled with an E or A?
When it comes to whether it is “gray” or “grey,” it depends on where you live. If you live in the United States, you will use the spelling “gray” with an “a” in American English. If you write and speak British English, you'll spell the color as “grey” with an “e.”
What is the hardest accent?
The British Accent The Great British accent proved to be the most difficult of all the accents to imitate – along with the regional Yorkshire and Cockney pronunciations, in particular.
What accent is closest to Old English?
- Thanks for the A2A. ...
- I do know that according to some linguists, the language that theoretically sounds the closest to Old English (also known as Anglo-Saxon) is not English at all; it's Frisian.
Did George Washington have a British accent?
Hollywood Depictions. In many early depictions of Washington, he is portrayed by actors with an English accent. ... After the early days of English-accented Washingtons, his voice began to have a less pronounced English accent in favor of a more modern, American one. In the 1961 film Lafayette, Howard St.
What is a Yam Yam accent?
People that live in the Black Country are very proud of the way they speak. They have their own dialect and vocabulary as opposed to just being a different accent. One of the most famous features is the. 'yam yam' sound when saying certain phrases. 'You are' is pronounced yo'am and 'are you' is pronounced 'am ya'.
What accent does Emma Watson have?
Emma Watson speaks RP - RP is a southern English accent. She was brought up in Oxfordshire, and many people around Oxford speak a version of RP (if not, if they are closer to the farming community, they may have an accent almost tending towards West Country with more pronounced 'r's).
What is the poshest British accent?
The Queen's English
What is Daniel Radcliffe's accent?
It is not known how Mr. Radcliffe intended to make his accent uniquely Canadian, but the finished film instead features the 25-year-old speaking with his native West London accent.
Is Emma Watson American or British?
Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson (born 15 April 1990) is an English actress, model, and activist. She has gained recognition for her roles in both blockbusters and independent films, as well as her women's rights work.
Who does Emma Watson date?
Why was Emma Watson cast as Belle?
"Emma Watson was our first -- and really our only -- choice for Belle," director Bill Condon said, "for a lot of reasons: her talent, her beauty, her intelligence." ... Watson, a United Nations Global Goodwill Ambassador, has something else in common with the character: a love of books.
Did Emma Watson date anyone from Harry Potter?
One of Emma's first public relationships was back in 2006 with Tom Ducker. Emma Watson has since dated a few high-profile individuals, but back in 2006, this was the guy who stole her heart. She was already ultra-famous during this relationship from her time as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter movie franchise.
Did Draco Malfoy have a crush on Hermione?
There is no textual evidence to suggest Draco Malfoy had a crush on Hermione Granger. The Yule Ball is often the source of Malfoy's imaginary crush on Hermione. Pansy Parkinson gaped at her as she walked by with Malfoy, and even he didn't seem to be able to find an insult to throw at her.
Did Emma Watson and Tom Felton ever date?
It would seem that it is only speculation, and the two of them are not dating. Watson appears to no longer have a crush on her former co-star. Felton and Watson admire and respect each other as any pair of friends would.
Who is Daniel Radcliffe's wife?
- What is color hunt?
- What color does green symbolize?
- What is hex color?
- Is DaVinci Resolve 16 free?
- How can I find the exact color of an image?
- How much does it cost to go to the Color Factory?
- What is an example of a triad color scheme?
- What is the best color for a website?
- How do I find the hex code for a color?
- How can I find the exact Colour of my car?
You will be interested
- How do you change the color in Java?
- What is color network ScanGear?
- What is the color of jade?
- How do you add color in HTML?
- How do I turn on color picker in Chrome?
- Is J color good for a diamond?
- How do you find the best color combination?
- Is color remover damaging?
- What does kahel mean?
- What are minimalist colors? | <urn:uuid:e6eee066-d492-40b8-ae57-079830d05214> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archinfos.com/library/lecture/read/16911-is-the-color-grey-or-gray | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.963247 | 1,257 | 2.859375 | 3 |
In honor of National Women’s History Month, WQED welcomes you to this evening’s premiere of John Christopher Wineglass’s Unburied, Unmourned and Unmarked, a composition conceived and inspired by Dr. Edda Fields-Black, Associate Professor of History, Carnegie Mellon University. Featuring: the Colour of Music Festival Orchestra | Maestro Leslie B. Dunner, Conductor | Anyango Yarbo-Davenport, Concertmaster | Michele Williams and Kyle Haden, Narrators
*Turn CAPTIONS ON for the speaker's exact transcription.
Hear reations and a wrap up from the musicians:
Known as the largest black classical musicians’ festival in the world, the Colour of Music Festival was founded to showcase the thousands of celebrated and prodigiously talented classical principals, composers, and performers of African descent throughout the world. Only a few classical music enthusiasts are aware of the tremendous contributions of Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges, an African-French composer whose opera and classical masterpieces equaled or far exceeded those of his 18th century contemporaries. Although his compositions are highly recognized overseas they have garnered little notice in the United States.
In the past 7-years, the Colour of Music Festival has produced a multitude of musical events of major historical significance, highlighting the impact of black classical composers and performers in Atlanta, Columbia, SC, Houston, Nashville, Richmond and Pittsburgh. The February 13, 2019 premiere of Unburied, Unmourned, and Unmarked at historic Carnegie Music Hall was a four-year endeavor of Dr. Edda Fields-Black. The tireless academic work about rice cultivation and its black laborers contributions to an unquantifiable accumulation of wealth that played a major role in financial markets founding the America we know today, chronicles various aspects of the rice industry in that time.
Colour of Music Festival founder, artistic director of the Festival orchestra and producer of the event, Lee Pringle, and Dr. Fields-Black worked closely with Carnegie Mellon University to bring this historic event to the stage. | <urn:uuid:f24a9f6d-962d-4c66-9378-00e0453e3698> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wqed.org/colour-of-music | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.923653 | 428 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Sitting for eight hours a day doesn’t seem to raise your risk for dying early, according to a new analysis of previous studies, but only if you get at least an hour of exercise daily. The results, may be reassuring for people stuck behind a desk all day, say health experts, but it should also serve as an important reminder; if you have to sit for long periods, your daily workout is vital to your well-being. The connection between sitting and dying has been studied extensively. And while this research didn’t actually look at any new data, it did combine information from 16 previous studies in a way than hadn’t been done before. Using this data, researchers were able to directly compare death rates over a certain period of time between people with different levels of sitting time and physical activity. Examining the joint effects of these two behaviours is important, they wrote, because most people engage in both behaviours every day. After crunching the numbers, the international team of researchers found that a sedentary lifestyle was indeed associated with an increased risk of death over the next decade. But the more people were active, when they weren’t sitting, the more their risk went down. And for people who got the most daily exercise, at least 60 to 75 minutes of moderate physical activity, the increased risk disappeared completely. In fact, those, who sat for at least eight hours a day but were also in the highest exercise group actually had a lower risk of dying than those who sat for four hours or less but who reported the lowest amount of daily exercise. The researchers also looked specifically at studies on television watching, rather than just sitting. Once again, they found that too much sedentary time, in these cases, at least five hours a day of TV viewing was linked to early death. But they also found one significant difference. In these studies, getting lots of exercise only seemed to lessen the risk of dying, not eliminate it completely. Norwegian School of Sports Sciences Norway co-author, PhD, professor of sports medicine Ulf Ekelund says that, an hour a day of moderate physical activity is a good goal for many people. He points out, however, that exercise recommendations shouldn’t be the same across the board. “I can’t stress enough that lower amounts of activity are also beneficial,” he says. And for people, who are already getting an hour of exercise a day, they shouldn’t necessarily stop there or use it as an excuse to be sedentary the rest of the time. The results suggest that the less you sit and the more you are active the better, he says. The take-home message is sit less, move more and the more the better. That doesn’t necessarily mean you have to live at the gym, adds Pam Peeke, MD, a national spokesperson for the American College of Sports Medicine and author of Fit to Live. Your physical activity can spread out throughout the day. Get up for five to 10 minutes per hour, when you’re stuck at a desk, she suggests. Go up and down stairs. Walk and talk on the phone using a headset. And when you can, schedule more deliberate exercise time, like a yoga class or a morning run with a friend. It all counts and will save your life. | <urn:uuid:f8fa7519-f27a-4195-85d2-86a2ce5549e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailytimes.com.pk/66051/sit-all-day-an-hour-of-exercise-can-cancel-out-the-health-risks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975671 | 677 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Hawaiian pet owners who really love dining with their canine best friends may be in luck: Legislation has been introduced that would allow restaurants to decide whether or not to allow dogs inside. According to the Honolulu Star Advertiser, these proposals “would allow a change in state health codes so that a restaurant owner or manager can allow dogs in their restaurants, providing that certain conditions are met.”
That list of conditions, however, is long. Granted, once you let animals inside your restaurant, there are a lot of health codes to consider. On the (extensive) list:
- The dog shall not disturb or interact with other patrons or dogs, except by invitation
- The dog shall be housebroken (we certainly hope so)
- Food service employees will be prohibited from having direct contact with a dog while on duty (ditto)
Seems like a lot of hoops to go through to get pets in restaurants, but some people clearly believe these efforts are worth it. Some are already using an ADA loophole that allows their pets to post as service dogs to get them inside. Several states already allow dogs on restaurant patios, and Virginia recently passed a bill to allow dogs in breweries and wine-tasting rooms. The Hawaii bills are now in committee, and were preceded by an online petition with more than 3,200 signatures of dog fans who apparently felt strongly about the possibility of being able to take their pets out to dinner. | <urn:uuid:a4e20931-25d7-4ccd-b0ab-07fb6e5d7343> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thetakeout.com/hawaii-may-allow-dogs-in-restaurants-1832157958 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968352 | 294 | 1.75 | 2 |
True stories of ordinary people struggling to rebuild their lives,
six years after the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011.
Screening Schedule Overseas HERE
Life endures. How resilience, fortitude, and benevolence prevail after an unimaginable disaster. In the beautiful land of Tohoku, on Japan’s North-Eastern coast, people stricken by immeasurable loss never give up moving forward.
Courage and compassion in the face of adversity
Six years on from the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami disaster of March 11, 2011. In the heavily devastated area, many people are trying to move forward with their lives while feeling a profound sense of loss or trauma. A couple decides to build a community centre on the site where they lost their three children. An oyster farmer, discovering the mineral-rich sea bed produced in the wake of the tsunami, devises a new approach to oyster cultivation. A hotel manager keeps memories alive by recounting stories from his community to his visitors. A five-year-old girl treasures the photographs of the father she never knew. A farmer in Fukushima defies the evacuation order and continues to grow rice. Each in their separate ways, is learning to live again after the disaster.
The small hopes and joys of the people of Tohoku
This documentary reveals the everyday realities of the Tohoku region and of Japan today, through the hidden stories of ordinary people living in the affected area. It is also a hymn to life. Director, Mia Yoon, a third-generation Korean immigrant, was involved in the production from development to advertisement and sales; “Life Goes On” is her directorial debut. As a producer, her filmography includes: “Beyond the Tsunami: Onagawa, Hearts Connected”. She explains the passion that drives her to continue visiting the area: “The tragedy of Tohoku has been broadcasted to the world, but since then, rays of hope and happiness have begun to emerge, and these stories deserve to be told.” The film is narrated by actress Norika Fujiwara, a committed volunteer in the disaster area, and dubbing artist Koichi Yamadera, who is a native of the affected region.
- This film successfully portrays the victims’courage in the face of this catastrophic disaster (60’s, Male, Saitama, Japan)
- It wasn’t simply a moving story. For the first time in my life, I couldn’t stop crying in the cinema. You can feel the warmth and courage of the people of Tohoku (50’s, Male, Tokyo Japan)
- We were all devastated. We all suffered. We were all at rock bottom. But now everyone is trying to live for today. A moving testament. (30’s, Female, Chiba Japan)
[Ishinomaki] Shinichi Endo/Ryoko Endo/Jean Anderson/Andy Anderson
[Kawauchi] Yoshitaka Akimoto/Sonoko Akimoto/Shigeru Ide
[Minami Sanriku] Erika Okuda/Shun Ito/TomokoSato/Kazuma Goto/Kiyohiro Goto
[Kamaishi] Tomokatsu Maekawa/TomitaroNihonmatsu/Kenichi Suzuki/Hisao Kashiwazaki
[Namie] Masami Yoshizawa
Norika Fujiwara / Koichi Yamadera
Director: Mia Yoon Co-Director/DP：Takeshi Tsuji
Producer：Yumiko Masuda Associate Producer: Hideyuki Okamoto Supervisor: Shizuo Suzuki
Composed by: Hiroshi Nishio Edited by: Yuichi Iwakiri Music Director: Yasufumi Hikichi Music by: Ryuji Iuchi
Title calligraphy: Fuyo Kobayashi Promotion: Mai Kuroda
Produced by：Kokoro Film Partners Produced and Distributed by：Heisei Project Inc.
● Sponsors, support and recognition
Sponsored by: Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd./Daiwa Lease Co.,Ltd./XEBIO GROUP/NIRAKU Co.,Ltd/Naito Kogyosho/Inovv Inc./TOTO/Hiramoto Shoten CO, Ltd.
Supported by the Reconstruction Agency, the principal agency of the Government of Japan tasked with the reconstruction process in the Tohoku area(Japan)
Special selection by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(Japan)
Special recommendation by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare(Japan)
Recommended by EIRIN (Film Classification and Rating Organization)(Japan)
HIROSHIMA INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL 2017
JAAP International Short Film Festival 2017
London International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema LONDON 2018
Richmond International Film & Music Festival 2018
Nice International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema NICE 2018
Children’s Welfare and Cultural Awards 2018, supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(Japan) | <urn:uuid:0cb63ea4-4af8-4065-b28d-0282fa854dcb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lifegoeson-movie.com/en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.892529 | 1,134 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Air Power as a Coercive Instrument
Coercion – the use of threatened force to induce an adversary to change its behavior – is a critical function of the U.S. military. U.S. forces have recently fought in the Balkans, the Persian Gulf, and the Horn of Africa to compel recalcitrant regimes and warlords to stop repression, abandon weapons programs, permit humanitarian relief, and otherwise modify their actions. Yet despite its overwhelming military might, the United States often fails to coerce successfully. This report examines the phenomenon of coercion and how air power can contribute to its success. Three factors increase the likelihood of successful coercion: (1) the coercer's ability to raise the costs it imposes while denying the adversary the chance to respond (escalation dominance); (2) an ability to block an adversary's military strategy for victory; and (3) an ability to magnify third-party threats, such as internal instability or the danger posed by another enemy. Domestic political concerns (such as casualty sensitivity) and coalition dynamics often constrain coercive operations and impair the achievement of these conditions. Air power can deliver potent and credible threats that foster the above factors while neutralizing adversary countercoercive moves. When the favorable factors are absent, however, air power – or any other military instrument – will probably fail to coerce. Policymakers' use of coercive air power under inauspicious conditions diminishes the chances of using it elsewhere when the prospects of success would be greater.
Aerospace Engineering | Aviation | Engineering | Law | Military, War, and Peace | Propulsion and Power
Santa Monica, CA
Center on Global Governance
Byman, Daniel L.; Waxman, Matthew C.; and Larsen, Eric V., "Air Power as a Coercive Instrument" (1999). Faculty Books. 265. | <urn:uuid:26bfdedf-e6e9-443d-a7a5-523e91998a85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/books/265/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.888247 | 434 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Civil society in Yemen
The first round of peace negotiations in Stockholm offer a big chance for war-torn Yemen to finally enter into a sustainable peace process. But there is one central aspect missing: Yemeni women still aren't included in the negotiations. Antelak Almutawakal, one of the strongest voices of Yemeni civil society, asks the international community to relentlessly push for peace in Yemen, to stopp the arms trade to forces involved in the war and above all: to get women from all conflict parties to the negotiation table. “It’s not only a matter of rights”, she says. “It’s a matter of needs.”
View of the rooftops of the Yemeni capital Sana'a. The photo has been taken before the war.
But Sana'a is still one of the most beautiful capitals of the world.
Photo: Helene Aecherli
Antelak Almutawakal, you live and work in the war-torn Yemeni capital Sana’a. How is the situation on the ground?
Antelak Almutawakal: It’s dire: On each meter you see families begging in the streets, men, women, children, or digging in the garbage looking for food. Many of them are sick. Medication is difficult to get, and if we get some it’s either expired and without effect or it’s fake or has been exposed to heat during the transport, as it has been sent illegally, and thus become dangerous to use. Because of the blockade of the main port in the city of Hodeidah, the principal lifeline for two-thirds of the country, and the battles around it, food prices are soaring. People just can’t afford to buy food any longer.
Could you give us an example of how expensive food has become?
Sure. Some months ago a chicken cost 800 Yemeni Rial, about 1.5 US Dollar. Then the price went up to 1800 Yemeni Rial, a couple of weeks ago it was 2500, about 4.5 US Dollar. When I saw that I asked the sales man: “Is this the price for a sheep or a chicken?”
You say that people are made to be hungry. What do you mean with that?
That this dire situation hasn’t been caused by a natural disaster, but it’s a man made catastrophe: Lots of factories and small shops have been destroyed, the ports of Yemen are blocked and Sana’a airport is still closed. Moreover we have to pay taxes to Ansar Allah (i.e. the Houthi rebels who control Sana’a and the surrounding areas) as well as to the internationally recognized government. Moving around in the cities you have to pass checkpoints, sometimes you even have to bribe to pass. And since the transfer of the National Bank from Sana’a to Aden two years ago no full salaries or no salaries at all have been payed to government employees. So people, who depend on their salaries, like care takers, doctors or teachers don’t have any money to support their families. In the span of the last two years I have received three times half my salary.
"You see, humanitarian aid could even have a negative effect as there is a risk that people will get used to it. We need investments in livelihood as well."
You teach English literature as well as gender and development at the University of Sana’a. So you are basically teaching for free.
Yes. I survive because I am lucky enough to have some savings. But even if I had a regular income I would be stuck as there is no cash flow. You can only get out around 180 US Dollar from the bank per week - which isn’t enough to cover your costs of living.
The first round of the peace negotiations in Stockholm offer some hope though: The warring parties have agreed on a ceasefire for the port of Hodeidah, that is supposed to have been implemented this week, a humanitarian corridor to the war torn city of Taiz as well as on the release of prisoners.
Yes, these are good signs. It just hope these agreements will be taken seriously and implemented fast. People in Yemen can’t wait any longer. What happens in Yemen is a shame and disaster for humanity. The members of the international community have to uphold the pressure on the conflict parties to reach a peace resolution, but at the same they also have to stop selling arms to exactly these conflict parties. Act the talk!
When in contact with friends in Yemen I am amazed how they manage to uphold a kind of everyday life. Also your students still come to class.
Oh yes. You can’t imagine how eager they are to study. But the students face immense difficulties: There are hardly any books to buy, they often don’t have access to the internet, and there is no money for transportation which is a huge problem for those who live far away. Yemeni education has never been strong, but now it’s getting worse. Due to the war millions of children haven’t had access to basic eductation so we will lose a whole generation. And for those who still can go to school, it’s risky. Everyday I am afraid that the school of my grandson will be bombed or something will happen to him on his way to school. We never know if he comes back home or not.
How much does humanitarian aid help?
It helps to ease emergency situations, but it can’t help forever. You see, humanitarian aid could even have a negative effect as there is a risk that people will get used to it. We need investments in livelihood as well, we need programs and projects that help people to find jobs or to build their own small businesses. That would be sustainable.
One of the gardens of Sana'a. Sometimes you could even sense the smell of cardamon that is used in tea and coffee. Photo: Helene Aecherli
Yemen was the poorest country of the Arab world even before the war which is mainly due to mismanagement and corruption. A big part of the problem is also the consumption of qat. The growth of qat has reduced agricultural variety and its consumption wastes millions of work hours per year. The production of qat, however, is still intact, regardless of the war. What is your take on that?
Yes, qat is among the big problems we Yemenis have to deal with. In order to rebuild and develop the country we need to get rid of qat. Now, however, lots of people consider it as an antidepressant to ease the pains of war.
Women face immense burdens during conflict and war. According to an UN report sexualized violence in Yemen has risen by 70 percent since the beginning of the war. Can you confirm that?
Yes, and we have even heard that there are cases that military groups have started using women as a tool for revenge. So far this has been a taboo in our society. If that turns out to be true it’s a catastrophe. We also see an increase in child marriages. Families fear that their daughters might be exposed to sexual harassment so they marry them off to protect them. Or families marry off their daughters - and send their boys to join the fighting - to get an income and to continue surviving.
Talking about child marriage, human rights activists have fought for years to get a law that prohibits this harmful practice. But so far they haven’t succeeded.
Unfortunately, no. The prevention of child marriage has been a controversial issue in the parliament between the nationalist General People’s Congress party, the GPC, and the Islamist Islah party. They used religion to justify child marriage - with the result that up till now no law against child marriage has been issued.
Do women still move around freely in the public sphere?
We move. But it gets more and more difficult to travel alone and it’s risky everywhere. If you travel by bus you are asked at checkpoints: “Where is your mahram, your male chaperone?” This is something new in Yemen.
Most Yemenis have always been traditional and conservative, also concerning religion. Now however, new forms of extremist Sunni and Shia branches seem to be on the rise. What happened?
Religion has become a tool of war. Its mechanism works as such: How do you make people fight each other unless they have a reason to do so? And for this you need to plant a seed in people’s heads. In this case it’s the seed of religion. To speed up this process the warring parties bring Islamic radicals to fight, as happens in the city of Taiz, and then they just leave them. The strategy behind this is that the radicals will create chaos and eventually start fighting each other street by street. That is deeply worrying.
"Families fear that their daughters might be exposed to sexual harassment so they marry them off to protect them."
In how far do these new forms of sectarianism create a schism within society?
This process has already begun but it hasn’t reached the core yet. I live in a district where Shia, Sunni, Zaidi (i.e. the Yemeni Shia sect to which the Houthis belong) and Wahhabi still coexist peacefully. But the conflict parties are working hard to tear the social fabric apart.
How does this affect women?
In so far as each group has different interpretations of Islam and of course also different interpretations of Islamic rules concerning women. Women’s issues are very sensitive per se. That’s why it’s easy to use women’s issues to trigger fightings.
Could you be more specific on how different interpretations of Islamic rules affect women?
Sure, let me give you some examples: During the uprising in 2011, former president Ali Abdullah Saleh criticized his opposers by accusing them of being against Islam as they allowed women and men to take part side by side in strikes and demonstrations on the University Square. As a consequence men and women were segregated, and those activists who ignored it, were attacked and harassed. Now religion is used against female activists; many of them are accused on social media of being polytheist or their private lives are attacked. And the crucial thing here is, that there are conservative as well as progressive forces behind that.
I think it’s a sign of the increasing discrimination against women. As former envoy Jamal ben Omar has said several times: “Yemeni leaders disagree on almost everything - except on women’s issues.” Maybe it’s also a strategy to keep women away from the peace negotiation table. Some of the leaders had even warned previous special envoy to Yemen, Ismaïl Ould Cheikh Ahmed, from getting women to the table as this would undermine the negotiations. However, it’s a good step that the new envoy, British mediator Martin Griffith, has established a women’s committee of eight or nine women. But this is not enough. We want that least 30 percent of participants in the peace process are female.
One of the most famous buildings in Yemen: Rock Palace, Dar al Hajar, North of Sana'a. Photo: Helene Aecherli
The misrepresentation of women in peace negotiations is a global phenomenon - even though it’s well known that the chances are higher that a peace agreement is reached at all and the agreement itself is more sustainable if women are included in the peace negotiations.
Of course. The main reasons for the exclusion of women are the lack of political will, competition of power and a deeply engrained patriarchal attitude in the leaders. Leaders fear that their female colleagues compete with them and might take their seats. And thus, they think it’s better to exclude her even if she is better qualified than them. But more so, the leaders think that the views and visions of women aren’t important. At the same time they call for democracy. That’s absurd: You cannot call for democracy and exclude women - 51 percent of the population. Each conflict party has their own women, and these women are working hard. Why not bring them? The leaders at the table are dividing power and money - whereas women can make a difference. They put other issues on the table. Women, even if they are from the conflict parties, are less aggressive, they might bring Yemeni men together.
You are part of the Women’s Coalition of Peace and Security, which is sponsored by UNWomen in Sana’a. What experiences have you made in that job?
Just immediately after the start of the war, we presented a different agenda to the negotiation parties in Geneva and Kuwait. We requested for example that to build trust between the warring parties releasing detainees should be a priority to be discussed. We asked for humanitarian aid and support as well as for the prevention of basic services to the conflict parties. But that vision wasn’t taken seriously; they negotiators haven’t even read it. Intrestingly enough these demands were put on the agenda in this round of negotiation in Sweden. So if they had started with that agenda rather than just arming and dividing the warring parties, we wouldn’t have gotten to that man made catastrophe we see today.
How are gender specific issues dealt with?
Well, so far political issues related to men are still the priority. The UN Security Council-Resolution 2216 from the year 2015 even mentioned the names of men, who needed to be released, whereas women weren’t mentioned at all. There is not a single word about how to protect women in conflict and war. Harassment, sexualized violence and early marriage weren’t even considered. That is totally gender blind. Now there is a British proposal of a new resolution, but the draft still neglects women’s participation and protection. When we protest against that, we are told, now is not the time to talk about women’s issues. I believe if there is enough pressure form the international community, women from all parties can be seated at the negotiation table. It’s not a matter of rights. It’s a matter of needs.
"Accepting the partnership of women in ruling the country would be a strong indicator that the political powers have learnt their lesson."
How could international actors exert pressure on the conflict parties to include more women?
They could do it this way: They could put a chair for each woman at the table and say: “Either you bring a woman or you leave that chair empty.” And then blame them for all the empty chairs. This method was used during the National Dialogue in Yemen and succeeded.
I hear that the overall suspicion among people is rising. How is it possible to work in such an environment?
It becomes difficult. People say: “You are from this family so you must be connected with that part...” That happens even among friends. I try to resist, I want to meet my friends without having to label them. And I am still optimistic: I still have friends and family from all groups and parts. And I still see the strength of the civil society, but it needs support. Yemenis need to deal with the conflict themselves.
How should that work?
We have no other way than to share our geographic space. No one can exclude the other. It’s a country for everybody. So we wish that we were brought together. We want to build a state. If Yemenis were given a space for themselves they could find a solution.
What kind of solution? There are voices say that even if the external actors withdrew, Yemenis would still continue to fight each other.
In former times, Yemenis used to stop fighting as soon as the external forces withdrew. The reasons for the continuation of the internal conflicts today are the complete absence of state authority, power sharing and the institutional framework for a democratic civic state. So - the political leaders have to realize that the only solution of the conflicts is mutual acceptance, power sharing and the sharing of natural resources. Accepting the partnership of women in ruling the country would be a strong indicator that the political powers have learnt their lesson. Yemen should be a just, civic and democratic state for all.
Antelak Almutawakal (58) is one the strongest independent voices of Yemeni civil society. She is a professor of English literature and the cultural dynamics of gender and development at the University of Sana’a. 20 years ago, Antelak Almutawakal and her sister founded the NGO Youth Leadership Development foundation (YLDF). They work with local organisations in all 24 governorates of the country. Their vision is to train young Yemenis, so that they can play an effective role in the development in their communities and the whole world. Women led organisations such as the YLDF are the only parties that work towards social cohesion and humanitarian aid.
Antelak Almutawakal is the daughter of Mohammed Almutawakal a widely respected and highly popular liberal thinker, who strongly defended democratic values, human rights and gender equality, and was celebrated as the humanist face of Yemen. He was killed four years ago in the streets of Sana’a.
Antelak Almutawakal visited Switzerland last November to participate in the UN Women's Conference on «Women’s Meaningful Participation in Peace Processes» and at the Symposium on «Gender Perspectives in Arab Countries and Beyond» in Zürich. The interview was facilitated by the Swiss section of Amnesty International. Antelak and I had met a couple of years before in Sana'a, so we had a lot to exchange far beyond the issues we discussed in the interview. To come to Switzerland and talk about the current events in Yemen was risky for her. She has approved of this interview to be published in German and English. The German version was first published on annabelle.ch. | <urn:uuid:9163c65d-1180-4250-a38e-bed61d830022> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://helene-aecherli.ch/blog/item/yemen-should-be-a-just-civic-and-democratic-state-for-all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968833 | 3,731 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Results from a recent federal report on the impact of educational software on learning found that the test scores of students using the technology were no better than those of students who did not use it.
Even so, the results are not evidence that technology cannot be a powerful learning tool, writes Henry Kelly in this Education Week Commentary. Though technology is omnipresent in today’s “flat” world, says Kelly, it took some time, and a lot of research and development, for the commercial and corporate worlds to work out how best to use new software to revolutionize business practices.
Technology-based instruction can work in education, says Kelly, but not until the federal government funds adequate research and development to “design effective instructional software and to test innovations to see what works and what doesn’t.”
What do you think? Should the federal government do more to ensure that new technologies in education live up to their promise?
A version of this news article first appeared in the TalkBack blog. | <urn:uuid:48d37e86-4fee-4cf2-b51c-e8be91d1393d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edweek.org/education/can-technology-transform-schools/2007/05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962168 | 206 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Freeze dried banana powder is made of Non-GMO and natural bananas. China is one of the major countries of origin for bananas in the world. Bananas could help the brain create a chemical component--serotonin, which can stimulate the nervous systemand give a signal of joy and calmness Therefore, bananas are also known as 'Happy Foods'. Bananas are very low in sodium and no cholesterol, which can supply various nutrients to the body and will not make you fat. Freeze dried banana powder is same to fresh banana
with nutrients, and it can be kept in a cool, dark place in your kitchen for
Freeze dried banana powder has original taste of bananas. Also, it is beneficial for weight loss and could provide you energy. Vitamin B6 and iron contained in it could help improve circulation and maintain blood sugar levels. What's more, banana aids in digestion.
YT Biochem supplies bulk freeze dried banana powder. OEM service is available. Please feel free to send us an inquiry for more information.
Hot Tags: freeze dried banana powder, China, manufacturers, suppliers, factory, company, wholesale, buy, price, best, bulk, for sale | <urn:uuid:6c88bd94-d240-448e-bc35-7981b247e663> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.organicherbpowder.com/organic-fruit-powder/freeze-dried-banana-powder.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.917722 | 241 | 1.585938 | 2 |
LOS ANGELES - The mayor of Atlanta, one of dozens of U.S. cities hit by massive protests, has a message for demonstrators: “If you were out protesting last night, you probably need to go get a COVID test this week.”
As more beaches, churches, mosques, schools and businesses reopened worldwide, civil unrest in the United States over repeated racial injustice is raising fears of new coronavirus outbreaks in a country that has more infections and deaths than anywhere else in the world. And it's not just in the U.S. — London hosted a large anti-racism protest Sunday that certainly violated government social distancing rules.
Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms warned that “there is still a pandemic in America that’s killing black and brown people at higher numbers.”
“We have two crises that are sandwiched on top of one other,” Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey said.
Violent protests over the death of George Floyd by police have shaken the country from Minneapolis to New York, from Atlanta to Los Angeles. Some protests have turned into riots and clashes with police, leaving stores in flames and torched cars in the streets. City officials ordered overnight curfews to quell the violence.
Floyd, a black man, died May 25 in Minneapolis saying “I can't breathe” after a white police officer pressed a knee into his neck. It was the latest in a series of deaths of black men and women at the hands of police in America.
Health experts fear that silent carriers of the virus could unwittingly infect others at protests where people are packed cheek to jowl, many without masks, many chanting, singing or shouting. The virus is dispersed by microscopic droplets in the air when people cough, sneeze, sing or talk.
“Whether they’re fired up or not, that doesn’t prevent them from getting the virus,” said Bradley Pollock, chairman of the Department of Public Health Sciences at the University of California, Davis.
The U.S. has seen over 1.7 million infections and nearly 104,000 deaths in the pandemic, which has disproportionately affected racial minorities in a nation that does not have universal health care.
Even the many protesters wearing masks are not guaranteed protection. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says cloth masks keep infected people from spreading the virus but are not designed to protect wearers from getting it.
Mass protests in connection with Floyd’s death were also being held in Europe.
In London, thousands of people marched Sunday chanting “No justice! No peace!” while carrying signs reading “Justice for George Floyd” and “Racism is a global issue.” Many demonstrators were not wearing masks and most in the crowd at Trafalgar Square were packed closely together.
In Berlin, hundreds of protesters picketed outside the U.S. Embassy on Saturday night under the motto: “Justice for George Floyd.” Others marched near the U.S. embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
FILE - People clash with police as they take part in a protest on Foley Square in front of the Manhattan courts on May 29, 2020 in New York. (Photo by Stephen Ferry/VIEWpress via Getty Images)
Many Americans returned Sunday to in-person church services for the first time in weeks and tens of thousands of mosques reopened across the Middle East, but countries from India to Colombia still saw rising numbers of new infections.
Nearly 6.1 million infections have been reported worldwide, with nearly 370,000 people dying, according to a tally by Johns Hopkins University. The true death toll is believed to be significantly higher, since many victims died of the virus without ever being tested.
The situation worsened Sunday in India, where new daily cases topped 8,000 for the first time and 193 more deaths were reported. Despite that, India still is easing restrictions on shops and public transport in more states beginning Monday, although subways and schools will remain closed.
In Saudi Arabia, mosques reopened Sunday for the first time in more than two months, but Islam’s holiest site in Mecca remained closed. In Jerusalem, throngs of worshippers waited outside the Al-Aqsa Mosque before it reopened. Many wore surgical masks and waited for temperature checks as they entered.
In Bogota, the capital of Colombia, authorities were locking down an area of nearly 1.5 million people as cases continued to rise. Mayor Claudia Lopez said no one in the working-class Kennedy area — inaugurated by the late U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961 — will be allowed out, except to seek food or medical care or in case of an emergency. Factories must also close. The area has reported more nearly 2,500 infections and hospitals are reaching their limits.
In Spain, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said Sunday that he would ask Parliament for a final two-week extension of the nation’s state of emergency that is set to expire on June 7. That allows the government to keep ordering lockdown measures to control its coronavirus outbreak, which has claimed at least 27,000 lives, many of them in overwhelmed nursing homes.
“We have almost reached safe harbor,” Sánchez said.
Elite sporting events will be allowed to resume in England starting Monday without spectators, paving the way for the planned June 17 return of the Premier League, the world’s richest soccer competition.
But England’s deputy chief medical officer Jonathan Van-Tam warned that the situation remained precarious even before Sunday's protest in London. Britain has seen nearly 38,500 virus deaths, the second-highest in the world after the United States, and the Conservative government has been criticized for being to slow to react to the crisis.
“I believe this is also a very dangerous moment,” he said. “We have to get this right.”
At the Vatican, Pope Francis cautioned people against being pessimistic as they emerge from coronavirus lockdowns.
During Mass in St. Peter’s Basilica to mark Pentecost Sunday, Francis noted a tendency to say that “nothing will return as before.” That kind of thinking, Francis said, guarantees that “the one thing that certainly does not return is hope.” | <urn:uuid:c9595627-4d4e-4c42-8920-140c39525518> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fox13news.com/news/massive-protests-over-george-floyd-death-raise-fears-of-new-coronavirus-outbreaks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967221 | 1,315 | 2 | 2 |
If you are jumping into the Gospels for the first time, or even the twentieth, get ready to be surprised all over again. Jesus never fails to challenge our paradigms of thought and dismantle our expectations. However, before you do jump in, let's take some time to understand what you are about to read. The four Gospels offer the earliest accounts of the story of Jesus, namely his life, death, and resurrection. But what kind of story is a “Gospel”?
What is a "Gospel?"
Before we get ahead of ourselves, we should talk about what the word “Gospel” actually means. The word itself comes from a Greek word euangelion, which literally means “good news.” In the New Testament, it refers to the announcement that Jesus has brought the reign of God to our world through his life, death, and resurrection from the dead.
“'The time has come,'” Jesus said. 'The kingdom of God has come near. Repent and believe the good news!'”
"The good news… Regarding God’s Son, who descended from David in his physical lineage, and who was appointed by the Holy Spirit to be the Son of God in power through his resurrection from the dead: Jesus, the Messiah, our Lord."
Interestingly, both Jesus and Paul derived this important word from the prophetic poetry of Isaiah where the future arrival of God’s kingdom through the Messiah is called “good news” (see Isa 52:7-10). The Gospels are not merely historical chronicles but are also narrative announcements that make the significant claim that Jesus is the Messiah of Israel and the true Lord of the world. The Gospel stories claim to both recount history and aim to persuade the reader to acknowledge Jesus as Lord and become his disciple.
Four Features of the Gospels
The Gospels share four features that make them unique amongst other biblical stories or contemporary biographical narratives. First, they expertly weave in Old Testament stories into the story of Jesus. Second, the stories are designed to make claims about the identity of Jesus. Third, they all present the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus as the climax of the entire biblical narrative. Finally, the chronology of events has been rearranged to better reveal unique aspects of Jesus’ character.
Feature 1 – Old Testament References
The Gospels show how Jesus fulfills the Old Testament story through constant reference to the Scriptures. The authors assume a high degree of familiarity with the Old Testament Scriptures by the way they refer to them. They do this in multiple ways:
Direct Quotations: For example, Matthew presents Jesus’ healing ministry (Matt 8:14-16) as a fulfillment of Isaiah’s description of the suffering servant (Isa 53:4).
Subtle Allusions: In Mark 1:9-11, Jesus is baptized, and God announces from heaven, “You are my beloved Son (Gen 22:2), in you I am well-pleased (Isa 42:1 & Ps 2:7).” This sentence blends phrases from three biblical texts to show that Jesus is the messianic servant King who is the seed of Abraham.
Narrative Parallels: Matthew presents Jesus as a greater-than-Moses figure by designing his story to match the basic outline of Moses’ career. Moses and Jesus both come up out of Egypt, pass through the waters, spend forty days in the wilderness, and ascend a mountain to teach the Torah.
Feature 2 – Identity Claims
Gospel authors sometimes make explicit claims about Jesus’ identity, such as in Mark 1:1, “The beginning of the Gospel about Jesus, the Messiah, the Son of God.” However, more often they shape the reader’s perception of Jesus through indirect means. The list includes, but is not limited to:
- Miracle stories that show Jesus’ power over creation
- Words: Teachings, parables, dialogues
- Testimonies: People whose lives were touched by Jesus
- God: “This is my Son” (Matt 3:17)
- The disciples: “What kind of man is this?” (Matt 8:27)
- Demons: “What do you want with us Son of God?” (Matt 8:29)
- People of Nazareth: “Isn’t this the carpenter’s son?” (Matt 13:55)
- Canaanite Woman: “Lord, Son of David!” (Matt 15:22)
- Peter: “You’re the messiah, Son of the living God” (Matt 16:16)
- High Priest: “Are you the Messiah, the son of God?” (Matt 26:63)
- Pilate: “Are you the king of the Jews?” (Matt 27:11)
- Roman Soldier: “Surely this man was the Son of God” (Matt 27:54)
Feature 3 – Climax of the Biblical Story
Each of the four Gospel accounts present the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus as the climax of the story of the Bible.
Mark allots ten chapters to roughly three years of Jesus’ kingdom announcement, and six chapters to the seven days Jesus spent in Jerusalem leading up to his death.
Jesus’ death at the hand of Israel’s leaders is introduced early on in Matthew (Matt 12:14), and anticipated four times by Jesus himself (Matt 16:21, 16:27, 17:22-23, 20:18-19) as the moment where he will become king (Matt 27:37).
Feature 4 – Rearrangement of Events
While the four Gospels do claim to recount real historical events, each author has taken the core stories of Jesus and edited, arranged, and designed them in a careful way to emphasize unique facets of Jesus’ character. Subsequent blogs will focus on the different aspects of each Gospel, but in brief:
- Matthew portrays Jesus as a greater-than-Moses figure who fulfills the promises of the ancient Scriptures and whose resurrection has enthroned him as the King of heaven and earth.
- Mark emphasizes the mystery and misunderstanding caused by Jesus’ announcement of the kingdom of God. He shows Jesus as the unexpected Messiah and highlights the paradox of how the exalted Messiah can only be recognized in the humiliated, crucified Jesus.
- Luke highlights how Jesus brings the Gospel to the nations. He shows him empowered by the Holy Spirit to bring to fulfillment the Old Testament promise that God’s salvation would reach beyond Israel to include all nations.
- John introduces Jesus as God-become-human, presenting signs that demonstrate the truth of his messianic claim and his offer of eternal life for any that will trust in him.
How to Read the Gospels
There are three skills we can offer to better equip you to read the Gospels:
Tip I– Identify key repeated words and themes.
The authors have woven their large-scale stories out of dozens of smaller stories of Jesus’ teachings or miracles. They have linked them all together using key repeated words and ideas to highlight their themes.
Look for the repeated words and ideas in smaller stories about Jesus and ask, “What does the author want us to know about Jesus through these stories individually?”
How has the Gospel author connected these stories together, and what message is he trying to tell me by putting them side by side?
Example I – Stories linked together by repeated words
- Luke 3:21-22: Jesus’ baptism: declared to be God’s “beloved Son.”
- Luke 3:23-38: Jesus’ genealogy links back to Adam “the son of God.”
- Luke 4:1-13: Jesus’ wilderness testing: the Satan questions Jesus’ identity as “Son of God.”
- Luke 4:14-32: Jesus is rejected by his hometown Nazareth, “whose Son is this?”
- Luke 4:33-41: Jesus casts out demons who proclaim “you are the Son of God.”
The point: Luke has woven these stories together to emphasize how Jesus is the Son of God, Israel’s Messiah, and humanity’s representative. However, his identity is contested, as some question, doubt, or even reject him.
Example II – Stories linked together by repeated ideas
- Matthew 11:1-19: John the Baptist doubts whether Jesus is the Messiah.
- Matthew 11:20-30: Jesus reacts to Israelite towns that reject him as the Messiah.
- Matthew 12: Four stories of the Pharisees rejecting Jesus and one story of sick people accepting him as the Messiah (12:15-23).
- Matthew 13: Jesus tells a parable of the four soils.
The point: Many people doubt or reject Jesus, but those who find themselves transformed by his grace accept him. Jesus then uses parables to reflect on why there are such diverse responses to his message and he challenges everyone to pay attention.
Tip II - Pay attention to how characters in the story respond to Jesus.
Instead of simply telling you how to respond to Jesus, the Gospel authors use peoples’ diverse reactions as a way of showing you how to, or how not to, react. Pause after each short story and ask yourself:
- How do the various people in this particular story react to Jesus?
- What are their motivations?
- What are the results?
- Do I see my own responses to Jesus mirrored in these characters?
Tip III - Read, re-read, and re-read some more!
These Gospel accounts were designed to be read many times, and eventually memorized. There will be insights about Jesus that you will only pick up after reading the Gospels multiple times through and paying attention to the repeated words and themes. Read it slowly, then read it fast, then slow again. You cannot immerse yourself in these four Gospels too much!
Remember, the authors of the Gospels have an agenda for writing: to present a persuasive portrait of Jesus so that you too will acknowledge and follow him. While they don’t often hit the audience over the head with overt messages about Jesus’ identity (passages like Mark 1:1 are the exception, not the rule), the authors do want you to experience Jesus for yourself in a very real way. However subtle the messages might be in the Gospels, one thing is not subtle, that they require a response from the reader.
In Read the Bible for a Change:Understanding and Responding to God's Word, author Ray Lubeck says it best, “The Christ-story is used as the vehicle for attempting to change the reader's understanding of God, the world, and self in light of what Jesus has done. Thus the purpose of the Gospels is to proclaim the good news of what God has done in and through Jesus Christ so that people will respond by repentance. A key difference separating it from a mere biography is that it demands a response from the reader."
In one sense this is the most serious literature you will ever read, and in another sense, it's the best news you could ever hear. Through these texts Jesus springs to life, inviting us into a thrilling and challenging adventure of following him. These stories and teaching have the potential to shape and form you to become a new and different kind of person. That is, if you let him. | <urn:uuid:12583816-b66e-44b3-91ab-8fbac00a0414> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bibleproject.com/blog/what-are-the-gospels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.944341 | 2,429 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Python metaclass for making named tuples with programmability
Python metaclass for making named tuples with the programmability of user- defined classes
In essence, the programmable tuple metaclass in this module is able to make user-defined classes in Python has got the immutability of named tuple while retaining the programmability of user-defined classes. Merely minimal change to the code for class definition is needed, and a lot feature from class definition, like Methods and inheritance, are supported.
The basic motivation for this is to make code more secure and less error- prone. Frequently in Python code, we have got structures (any structure) holding references to instances of user-defined classes, which by default are all mutable. But sometimes the correctness of the behaviour of the structure would depend on the assumption that the objects that these references point to will not be mutated. A solution to this problem is to make copies of the instances into the structure rather than just hold a reference and share the actual object. In this way, other parts of the code could safely mutate the states of the instances without any undesirable side effect. However, the copying comes with cost. For cases where the the objects referenced will almost definitely be mutated, this cost is necessary. But for cases where the objects are unlikely to be mutated in the majority of cases, the copying might cease to be an economical choice. So the basic idea of this metaclass is that we could have a means to enforce the references to be pointing the the same value, while we can still make new instances out of the old ones if they really need to be mutated. It can be construed as an attempt to make Python more functional while maintaining its object-orientated aspect. The resulted programmable tuple resembles a hybrid of the Haskell record and the user- defined class in Python.
The programmable tuple is directly modelled after the named tuple class in the standard library. So unlike plain user-defined classes, the instances could only have a set of pre-defined fields for each class. Since instances cannot be changed after the initialization, all the information about instances of an immutable class needs to be given to the initializer. So the arguments of the initializer uniquely define values of the programmable tuple. Hence they are called the defining fields of the class. Besides the defining fields, additional fields can be added to the class instances to hold some other essential data. These fields are going to be termed the data fields. This can be achieved by assigning a list of names to the __data_fields__ attribute of the class, in the same way as the __slots__ attribute is used. And the actual value for the data fields can be set in the initializer in the same way as normal. For example, to define an programmable tuple for people to store their first and last name, and we would like the instances to carry the full name with comma separation for alphabetization, we can just define
class Person(metaclass=ProgrammableTuple): __data_fields__ = ['full_name'] def __init__(self, first_name, last_name): self.full_name = ', '.join([last_name, first_name])
Then in this way, if we make an instance by running Person('John', 'Smith'), the values of all the fields, defining fields and data fields, can all be able to be retrieved by using the dot notation, like p.full_name. Note that if some fields are desired to be hold private, the same underscore convention of python could be used. Just it is not advised to keep defining attributes private.
Methods can also be defined for programmable tuples with exactly the same syntax as the normal user-defined classes. Just here the only place where self could be mutated is in the __init__ method, any attempt to mutate self would cause an error in any other method. So the methods here should be ones that concentrates more on the return value rather than mutating the state of the object. Due to this apparent deviation from the classical Smalltalk-style object-orientated programming, the methods normally could be clearly defined outside the class as a normal function, and then then we can forward them into the class for convenience. For instance, if we have got a class for symbolic mathematical expressions and a function to compute the derivative with respect to a symbol, we could do
def diff_expr(expr, symb): """Compute the derivative w.r.t. a symbol""" ... ... class Expr(metaclass=ImmutableClass): ... ... diff = diff_expr ... ...
In this way, to differentiate an expression e with respect to a symbol x, we could do both e.diff(x) and diff_expr(e, x). It only needs to be noted that for functions that is intended to be used as a method as well, the argument to be used as self needs to be put in the first slot. Of course methods can be kept in the class only as normal if it is desirable.
Frequently we need values of user-defined class that is different from an existing value by relatively small amount. With mutable class, frequently this is achieved by mutating the instance. However, here the instances are no longer mutable. So methods to update instances non-destructively are provided. Note that these methods will return new instances with the field updated and leave the original value intact, in the same way as the Haskell records works.
Basically two methods are provided for this purpose, _update and _replace. Both of them takes keyword arguments with the keys being the name of the field to be updated and values being the new value. But for the _update method, only defining fields are able to be updated, and more importantly, a new instance will be created by using the updated defining fields through the initializer. At the same time, the _replace method will just perform a plain replacement of a particular field without going through the initializer again, and it works for both defining and data fields.
Both of these two methods are named with an initial underscore, this is not only an attempt to be consistent with the named tuple in the standard library, but an encourage to use them only in methods as well. Then then wrapping methods could carry the actual semantics of the update operation.
Programmable tuple classes can inherit from other programmable tuple classes. And this inheritance has been made to be as similar to the plain mutable classes as possible. Instances of subclass are instances of the corresponding superclass and has access to all the methods of the superclass. There is just one notable difference, in the initializer, the built-in super function is not working as before. To call the initializer of superclass, we can either use self.super().__init__ instead, or we can name the superclass explicitly, like SuperClass.__init__(self, args).
Instances of an programmable tuples with all the defining fields hashable are hashable. The default hashing function is the default hashing of the tuple formed by the class identity and the defining fields.
Instances are all picklable.
As the named tuple, classes of this metaclass will carry an _asdict method to convert the instance to dictionary. The method comes with two keyword arguments, full can be used to make the dictionary contain the data fields as well, and ordered can be used to return an ordered dictionary instead. Both of the two default to false.
Hashes for programmabletuple-0.2.0.linux-x86_64.tar.gz
Hashes for programmabletuple-0.2.0-py3.3.egg | <urn:uuid:bad4d3cc-0a48-4a97-8177-ad8920639586> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pypi.org/project/programmabletuple/0.2.0/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.891378 | 1,698 | 2.484375 | 2 |
The supply of services to customers in the EU is complicated with new rules issued in 2010 regarding where the place of supply is deemed to be, and where it will be liable to VAT.
These complex rules are still subject to further change so please refer to the Finance Office if you have any doubts.
PLACE OF SUPPLY
If the place of supply is in the UK, then UK VAT is charged according to the normal rules.
If the place of supply is in another EU member country then no UK VAT is charged (it is zero rated), and the customer has to account for any VAT according to their country’s VAT rules. This is called the ‘Reverse Charge’.
NON-BUSINESS CUSTOMERS (B2C)
For customers that are not in business (B2C), the place of supply is ALWAYS in the UK and the University should charge VAT according to the normal rules.
BUSINESS CUSTOMERS (B2B)
For customers who are in business (B2B) and we have their valid VAT number, then the general rule is that the place of supply is where the customer belongs, and the University should not charge VAT (it is zero rated). The customer will charge themselves VAT under the rules of the country of their residence, under the Reverse Charge rules.
However, there are the following exceptions to the place of supply rules for B2B supplies, and the University should not charge UK VAT (it is zero rated) even when the business customer is in another member state:
- The place of supply of land related services (including conference facilities) is where the land is situated
- The place of supply of restaurant and catering services is where the service is carried out
- The place of supply of admission to events is where the event is taking place
- There are a number of other exceptions. However, these should not affect the University. | <urn:uuid:809fa00f-0e5f-4a12-b2f6-aec595071f6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/finance/tax-office/imports,-exports-and-eu-rules/supply-of-services-to-eu-countries.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.969419 | 397 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Today is the 290th day of 2016 and the 25th day of autumn.
TODAY'S HISTORY: In 1859, abolitionist John Brown led a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
In 1923, brothers Walt and Roy Disney founded Walt Disney Productions (now known as The Walt Disney Company) in Los Angeles.
In 1964, China detonated its first atomic bomb.
In 1995, hundreds of thousands of black men joined the Million Man March, led by Louis Farrakhan in Washington, D.C.
TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS: Noah Webster (1758-1843), lexicographer; Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), playwright; David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973), statesman/first Israeli prime minister; Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953), playwright; Angela Lansbury (1925- ), actress; Gunter Grass (1927-2015), author; Suzanne Somers (1946- ), actress; Bob Weir (1947- ), musician; Tim Robbins (1958- ), actor; John Mayer (1977- ), singer-songwriter; Bryce Harper (1992- ), baseball player.
TODAY'S FACT: In 1986, Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner reached the summit of Lhotse in Nepal, becoming the first climber to ascend all 14 of the world's "eight-thousanders" -- mountain peaks more than 8,000 meters (26,000 feet) above sea level.
TODAY'S SPORTS: In 1969, the 8-year-old New York Mets won the World Series over the Baltimore Orioles.
TODAY'S QUOTE: "And, after all, what is a fashion? From the artistic point of view, it is usually a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months." -- Oscar Wilde
TODAY'S NUMBER: 9 -- countries thought to have nuclear-weapon capabilities in 2016 (the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel).
TODAY'S MOON: Between full moon (Oct. 15) and last quarter moon (Oct. 22). | <urn:uuid:10b0cf7a-1da0-4fce-9ad5-097ea63fee30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uexpress.com/oddities/andrews-mcmeel-almanac/2016/10/16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.862485 | 466 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Paenibacillus polymyxa strain Mc5Re-14 was isolated from the inner root tissue of Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile). Mc5Re-14 revealed promising in vitro antagonistic activity against plant and opportunistic human pathogens. The 6.0-Mb draft genome reveals genes putatively involved in pathogen suppression and direct and indirect plant growth promotion. Copyright © 2015 Köberl et al.
Journal: Genome announcements | <urn:uuid:c0ab82e3-28bd-4adf-b3da-c6337f3be2a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pacb.com/publications/draft-genome-sequence-of-paenibacillus-polymyxa-strain-mc5re-14-an-antagonistic-root-endophyte-of-matricaria-chamomilla/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.835132 | 120 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Any body of water has the capability to produce waves, from a disturbance to standing waves. If you drop a pebble in the water then it will create a wave around it from the point where it dropped. This wave is caused by a force, and the more force something has, then the higher (amplitude) the wave will be. A standing wave can be seen when the water is "wavy" or "rough." The reason the waves don't just disappear after the hit the shore is because waves "bounce" off of the shore. After it bounces it changes direction. When two waves are going in the opposite directions but have the same [amplitude] then this causes a standing wave. | <urn:uuid:ee66ec9e-ab13-4fe4-8d5a-c08a08ffa979> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aplusphysics.com/community/index.php?/blogs/entry/2072-the-ocean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.939629 | 146 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Real-Time Population Survey (RPS)
February 19, 2021
Employment Rate Steady in Mid-February
- The employment rate for working-age adults (18–64) was 68.6 percent in the RPS for the week of Feb. 7–13, unchanged from the estimate for the week of Jan. 10–16.
- In mid-January, the RPS employment rate of 68.6 percent was below the most recent Current Population Survey (CPS) estimate of 69.7 percent for working-age adults (18–64). The Bureau of Labor Statistics, which draws on the CPS for its unemployment rate report, continued to report that some individuals “with a job but absent from work because of the coronavirus” were misclassified as employed during the CPS interviewing process.
In contrast, the RPS did not record an unusually high number of persons not at work, suggesting that the same misclassification did not occur in the RPS. Reclassifying the individuals absent from work in the CPS survey leads to an adjusted employment rate among working-age adults of 69.6 percent for the week of Jan. 10–16.
Unemployment Rate Increases Slightly
- The unemployment rate in the RPS was 11.5 percent for Feb. 7–13, a slight increase relative to the estimate of 11.4 percent for Jan. 10–16.
- In mid-January, the unemployment rate of 11.4 percent in the RPS exceeded the official CPS estimate of 6.9 percent for working-age adults (18–64) and is also above the alternate estimate of 7.0 percent after reclassifying those "absent from work because of the coronavirus" as unemployed.
Labor Force Participation Increases
- The labor force participation rate was 77.6 percent in the RPS for Feb. 7–13, an increase relative to the estimate of 77.4 percent for Jan. 10–16.
- In mid-January, the RPS estimate of the participation rate was 77.4 percent, compared with an estimate of 74.9 percent in the CPS.
Next release: March 19
The RPS was developed by Alexander Bick, an associate professor at WP Carey School of Business at Arizona State University; Adam Blandin, an assistant professor in the Department of Economics at Virginia Commonwealth University; in collaboration with Karel Mertens, a senior economic policy advisor in the Research Department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. | <urn:uuid:ae98b9bb-84b9-4bea-94c3-6a84c111fa50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dallasfed.org/research/rps/2021/rps210219.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942565 | 522 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Tobira Project is a social design project based in museums which fosters communities through art. The project comprises art communicators (called “Tobira” ) from all walks of life, curators and university educators, and experts working on the front line; together, these participants harness the museums’ cultural resources and develop activities that bring people closer to artworks, places, and other people. The Tobira Project began in 2012, prompted by the reopening of the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, which teamed up with the Tokyo University of the Arts to launch the initiative.
|Introduction||From Education to Art Communication|
|Chapter 1||Forging Connections in Museums: The Tobira’s Activities|
|Chapter 2||The Museum as a Community-building Hub|
|Chapter 3||Quality Communication That Opens Doors in Society|
|Chapter 4||The Tobira Project’s Present and Future|
The link will direct you to an E-book store (Kindle).
Curator, Chief of Learning and
Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum
Project Associate Professor, Tokyo University of the Arts / Manager, Tobira Project and Museum Start i-Ueno | <urn:uuid:3aef4b35-af8d-429e-91e6-6c21b25097f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tobira-project.info/book_e/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.873458 | 250 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Search SAMHSA Publications and Digital Products
Store Facets Summary
- Clear all filters
- Remove Practice Guidelines
- Remove TIP Series - Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPS)
- Remove TIP Series - Quick Guides
- Remove TIP Series - Knowledge Application Program (KAP) Keys
- Remove Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Remove Group Therapy
- Remove Medication-Assisted Treatment
- Remove Diversion
- Remove Integrated Care
Main page content
Published: September 2015
These guidelines are for clinicians who lead group therapy sessions for substance use disorder treatment. It describes types of group therapy, and advantages of group therapy. The guide also provides client placement criteria, and techniques for group development and leadership.
Published: December 2013
This manual helps clinicians design and implement intensive outpatient treatment programs for people living with substance use disorder conditions. It discusses cultural competence and approaches, use of 12-step programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, and therapeutic communities.
Published: November 2013
This manual serves as a quick reference guide for clinicians treating chronic pain in adults living with a history of substance use. It covers patient assessment and treatment, and provides an algorithm for managing chronic pain, as well as a summary of non-opioid analgesics.
Published: September 2013
This manual offers guidelines to help counselors and administrators deliver substance use disorder treatment in criminal justice settings. It discusses aspects in providing substance use disorder treatment to people within the criminal justice system, including screening and assessment, and triage and placement in treatment services.
Published: May 2013
This manual provides clinical practice guidelines for using medications in the medication-assisted treatment of alcohol use disorder. It offers guidance on prescribing acamprosate, disulfiram, oral naltrexone, and extended-release injectable naltrexone. The manual also discusses patient management. Access the literature review.
Published: January 2013
This guide helps substance use counselors treat clients with symptoms of depression and substance use conditions. Program administrators will learn how to integrate depression treatment into early drug treatment. The guidelines cover screening, assessment, treatment, counseling, cultural competence, and continuing care.
Published: October 2012
This manual is designed as a seven-module training guide for group therapy in substance use disorder treatment. The modules assist counselors and other clinical staff in understanding and implementing evidence-based practices as described in TIP 41. Access training modules with trainers’ notes, talking points, and slides. | <urn:uuid:be8a13d5-dbb0-48ac-8630-fbaa74cad6a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.samhsa.gov/?v=issues_conditions_and_disorders&f%5B0%5D=professional_and_research_topics%3A5383&f%5B1%5D=series%3A5557&f%5B2%5D=series%3A5566&f%5B3%5D=series%3A5568&f%5B4%5D=treatment_prevention_and_recovery%3A5483&f%5B5%5D=treatment_prevention_and_recovery%3A5494&f%5B6%5D=treatment_prevention_and_recovery%3A5503&f%5B7%5D=treatment_prevention_and_recovery%3A5509&f%5B8%5D=treatment_prevention_and_recovery%3A5512 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.880295 | 503 | 1.984375 | 2 |
People who become addicted to pain medication usually aren’t escaping some reality, but at some point they need serious opioid addiction treatment in Texas. Texans are a hearty bunch with a barrel full of pride and dignity, yet medications don’t discriminate based on a person’s pride. Opioid addiction treatment in Texas is important because the challenges the individual faces during this difficult time in his or her life.
The pain is unbearable
Often, when a person is enduring pain, doctors will prescribe medication to hide the pain. This is often the only way these people can function. As time rolls on, however, that individual can find themselves addicted to the pain medication, which is, in itself, a new form of pain.
If you have ever suffered from pain, whether in the limbs or the torso or even migraines that affect the head, then you know how tough it can be to endure an entire day of feeling that kind of pain. Pain medication is one of the most effective ways that people find to overcome the pain, if only for a while, and ultimately be able to carry on the activities of their daily lives. These individuals who end up addicted to pain medications don’t seek to become addicted. It builds over time.
One, then two, then more
At first, it is simply the idea of hiding from the pain, or suppressing it long enough to get on with whatever you have to do that particular day. Then, of course, it is the process of feeling better and the mind relating that feeling with the medication. Even when the pain in the afflicted part of the body is gone, the mind will crave the medication.
Of course, when the pain is fresh, one pill may be all that is needed to help alleviate it at first. As time moves on and the body begins to build a tolerance to the medication, then the effects of that one pill will be shortened. With enough time, one single pill that used to mask the pain for several hours, for example, won’t work for even a few minutes.
The person may be directed to take two pills instead. Eventually the two become three and then more. It is a destructive cycle that a person generally doesn’t seek out willingly, but rather stumbles backwards into given enough time.
Any addiction can find its victims by surprise. From one casual drink per night that leads to two and before they know, an alcoholic is consuming copious amounts of alcohol just to maintain the same buzz that they first found with the drink. The same holds for opioids and while most of these are prescribed by doctors and physicians, in this day and age it is far too easy to acquire prescriptions for them.
When someone is addicted to opioids, it’s important to treat them in the same manner that you would someone who is addicted to illicit drugs or alcohol. They aren’t any different and the treatment should be of a similar approach.
Opioid addiction treatment in Texas can help
Whether you are seeking help for yourself or someone you know, opioid addiction treatment in Texas is one of the best options. There are times when people can no longer hide their addiction, or it affects every aspect of their life, from work to family and even their die-hard friends. Opioid addiction treatment in Texas becomes their only hope of salvation and overcoming this incredibly painful situation.
Yet many centers for opioid addiction treatment in Texas follow the same, one-size-fits-all philosophy and fail to help the people who need it most. If you or a loved one is in need of opioid addiction treatment in Texas, then take note: group settings can leave people out of the healing process.
It certainly isn’t deliberate, but sometimes for opioid addiction treatment in Texas, it’s a cost factor. One-on-one opioid addiction treatment in Texas can be more expensive, but consider the alternative. If an individual has to endure two or three treatment centers and continues to be addicted to these opioids, then their life is moving on without them still.
Dr. Fleming advocates for a personalized approach. You are not the same as anyone else and as such, you deserve the best.
Dr. Fleming’s solution:
Dr. Fleming has long been working on studying drug addiction and how the brain works when subject to drug addiction and, through his efforts, he has unlocked a number of incredible keys to overcoming any number of challenges. His customized one-on-one approach has helped thousands of clients from around the world improve their lives, overcome addictions, and become better people.
Dr. Fleming’s vast experience includes:
- PhD trained with experience in not only addiction and clinical arenas but also corporate and executive development arenas.
- All one-on-one intensive arrangements customized and feature brain-retraining interventions and in depth, comprehensive assessment technologies.
- Come to the client and work “in their world” real time (no in patient stay overs that make a professional lose touch w/their busy life and work commitments).
- Versed in neuroscience and brain-based solutions that break the barriers around effectively changing a human being’s patterns of choices/behaviors.
- Coached hundreds of executives and professionals on 5 continents
- Over 95 percent “highly satisfied w/outcomes.”
- Been featured expert in The New York Times and Christian Science Monitor, and in featured interviews alongside gurus such as Marshall Goldsmith.
- A former shrink who knows under the radar barriers of human nature but doesn’t act like a shrink—a down to earth change agent who speaks it like it is.
- Former Hollywood high end clients come from his work as a recording artist as well as private coach for “derailed notables.”
- Former big name clients have trusted him: from a former White House Cabinet member to NFL athletes to professional musicians to Fortune 500 C-levels. | <urn:uuid:237727b2-c7ab-47b8-9427-58d22ec6322f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kevinflemingphd.com/blog/articles/opioid-addiction-treatment-in-texas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954869 | 1,219 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Company D, 2nd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, 2nd Marine Division (Forward), arrived in the Khan Neshin District in the summer of 2009 for a seven-month deployment and established a coalition presence in the Southwest part of Afghanistan. The LAR Marines pushed west to gain a firm position in a town called Qal’ah-ye Now, where they found two dogs in a compound they began using as a patrol base.
The dogs were beaten and malnourished. One of them was pregnant and the Marines named her Sandy; the other dog was small and frail, and the Marines fittingly named him Scraggles. The company adopted the two dogs, who accepted the Marines as family. Sandy soon had her litter of puppies, one of which would be named Willy Pete. All the puppies went to local residents to protect their farms and herd livestock, but Willy had a different opportunity – he went to the Marines of Company D for companionship.
Scraggles and Sandy grew fond of the Marines in Qal’ah-ye Now and began to protect the patrol base, keeping unwanted dogs and suspicious people away. Willy began to demonstrate the same protective traits of his mother as he grew. He also learned how to patrol with the Marines, what a patrol formation was, and how to react when they came in contact with the enemy. Willy has gone through three complete combat rotations since then as each LAR unit has taken charge of the area in the past two years.
The veteran dog usually takes the lead when the Marines go on patrol now. He stays in front until the Marines pass through the bazaar outside the combat outpost. Local residents often look up in recognition of the dog, who seems to fancy himself a Marine. Willy relocates to a new position once he establishes a clear path for the Marines and begins moving from one side of the patrol to the other, warning Marines of anyone’s approach with a quick bark or a low growl.
The many stray dogs in the area tend to be very aggressive and travel in packs. Marines routinely spot Willy scrapping with a pack of wild dogs that approach his Marines.
“I had my squad on a local security patrol in Kala Shureh – we refer to the town as ‘Dog Town’ because of the large amount of wild dogs in the area,” said Sgt. Joshua Davis, an Auburn, Maine, native and squad leader with Weapons Platoon, 2nd LAR. “All of the dogs were overly aggressive and tried to stop the patrol’s movement by intimidating the Marines. Willy Pete single handily fought off five wild dogs to protect them. After Willy engaged the dogs, my squad was able to push through the village to complete our patrol.”
Willy also remains an integral part of security when the Marines and sailors return to the patrol base. He tours the grounds with the sergeant of the guard, chasing stray dogs out of friendly lines and warning the watch standers if anyone approaches the outpost.
The Marines said they appreciate Willy’s dedication, as he provides them companionship and demonstrates his loyalty each day by returning to the fight.
“Willy never walks in the other direction or tries to hide when he sees a squad heading out for a patrol,” said Lance Cpl. Philip Bulford, an Alabaster, Ala., native and mortar gunner with the company. “I believe that Willy believes it’s his duty and an honor to protect us from what may lie ahead.”
Willy bears the scars from the explosion of an improvised explosive device and a gunshot wound from an enemy insurgent due to his relentless enthusiasm and unyielding vigor to protect the Marines. Still, his loyalty to the Marines is unrelenting.
“He is a proven veteran and a wounded warrior,” said Staff Sgt. Anthony J. Eichler, a Pittsburgh native and the platoon sergeant for Weapons Platoon. “Willy is always tirelessly watching over what I would assume he considers ‘his’ Marines. He is a friend of all Marines, and he works hard every day on patrol and for the security of [the outpost]. He’s been knocked down a few times, but continues on with the mission just like any Marine would be expected to do.”
Editor’s note: 2nd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion is currently assigned to 2nd Marine Division (Forward), which heads Task Force Leatherneck. The task force serves as the ground combat element of Regional Command (Southwest) and works in partnership with the Afghan National Security Force and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to conduct counterinsurgency operations. The unit is dedicated to securing the Afghan people, defeating insurgent forces, and enabling ANSF assumption of security responsibilities within its area of operations in order to support the expansion of stability, development and legitimate governance. | <urn:uuid:b0bb915d-9dd4-4d4d-b2fd-b7bb53eebcee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lifewithdogs.tv/guardian-of-patrols-afghan-dog-fights-like-marine/comment-page-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969468 | 1,018 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Oct 11 is International Day of the Girl Child, and we are honoured to sponsor a special screening of the documentary “On Her Shoulders”.
On Her Shoulders tells the story of a multi-layered and selfless activist who once dreamed of opening a beauty salon in her village as she becomes an essential voice in the fight to bring ISIS to justice and save her people from extinction.
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Nadia Murad is a 23-year-old lifeline to the Yazidi community. A survivor of the 2014 atrocities against the Yazidi in northern Iraq, Nadia escaped sexual slavery at the hands of the Islamic State (also known as ISIS) and witnessed the murder of those closest to her. With the love of her people propelling her forward, Nadia is determined to turn her pain into international action. She now shoulders immense burdens as a key public figure whose supporters are pushing her further into the spotlight – from testifying at the United Nations Security Council and having endless meetings with government officials, to giving soul-baring media interviews and emotionally draining speeches.
Funds from the screening will go to Zonta International, a global organisation dedicated to advancing the status of women and envisioning a world where no woman lives in fear of violence. To view Zonta International advocacy and service projects that work to prevent violence or support victims of violence see: https://zontasaysno.com/
To buy tickets to this charity screening on Friday 11 Oct at Lendlease, Sydney click: https://lnkd.in/gdaRJna.
Grazing boards and Bubbly will be served on the evening and there will be special guest speakers. | <urn:uuid:b53aec54-c937-49e6-91f5-e02059475ff9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://calmarcorps.com/onhersholders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.948848 | 346 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Exclusive actuality has existed for quite a while, but it appears like most people are beginning to enter into the adventure. Presently, firms are investing in it, health systems are coming up with his or her digital truth, and in many cases lovers can perform their own personal truth. Therefore there is a lot prospects for this particular technological know-how.
If you liked this write-up and you would like to receive a lot more facts pertaining to simply click the next website kindly visit the internet site.
Exclusive the fact is fundamentally be sure you encounter that may be completely different from or simply the same as the real life. For example, digital certainty programs can create settings and options which are like towns or scenery, or they will produce an environment where by you will be enjoying an electronic jewellry. Other uses of digital truth consist of helpful and amusement reasons.
In helpful conditions, virtual fact enables students to train such things as spatial recognition and motor command. The ability to see themselves accomplishing issues in electronic surroundings might help small children produce these abilities. It also helps them target superior and perform more accurately. Similar aspects can be placed on grown ups, helping the crooks to improve their focus and concentration.
One other using online truth is in enjoyment. Alot of individuals in all probability visualize games whenever you talk about the idea of electronic simple fact, there are a few more uses for this sort of technological innovation. If they were being in fact residing in that one world.
Typically the most popular of the games could be the virtual reality type of the widely accepted board game Scrabble, by way of example, many gaming companies are beginning to generate virtual conditions that let game enthusiasts to experience the exact same points they might experience. Since the recreation is usually competed solely in digital conditions, it is really one of the more well-known video games goes through currently available. A lot of people who play such type of game basically get pleasure from the experience of conversing with a genuine human being, that helps to reinforce the truth that they’re essentially in competition with another person.
Among the most well-known applications of electronic reality can come in the form of amusement parks and points of interest. In these configurations, you could practically check out a variety of distinctive destinations and activities in the amusement park itself. You can experiencetours and store, and perhaps engage in several actions. Certainly, you won’t have to be described as a recreation area frequent to achieve the point that there are various fun and exciting things to attend to over these spots.
Nevertheless, this kind of technological know-how needn’t be employed just for fun and recreational requirements. Most people are beginning to use the world wide web and various modern technology to make settings in which they can interact with some others from all over the world, with hardly any rules.
In particular, a lot of online community and social media sites will have digital areas to socialize and meet up with with people from around the world at the instant. You will notice who your friends are and discuss what exactly that you experienced, by using web pages like Facebook. Though most of these web pages are very just the thing for spreading photos, additionally you can discuss with men and women about present functions, your very own lifestyle, and perhaps connect to other folks just by using the Web.
There are many of software that is made up of online simple fact. As an example, many individuals apply it to relax and play personal online games or part perform as by themselves. It is possible to basically have your very own video game positiioned in an on-line community for you to prefer to get another person on the region or customs anywhere, trying to play a character who resides in that exact community.
By creating an entire electronic globe that one could pay a visit to and take a look at, you may make plenty of pals from everywhere even though understading about their way of life. If you will travel to an authentic entire world, you ought to shop around and go through it with the outlook during a native speaker, though you’ll be able to communicate with them by means ofwording and pictures, and training video, you’ll also get a far greater thought of what it really implies to stay in that one country or district.
. By interacting with individuals from your ethnic track record, you are able to truly get a lot of advice about how that entire world is effective. As an example, you can become familiar with a whole lot regarding the foodstuff you take, the individuals you are in the middle of and discover regarding their everyday life.
While all of these are examples of popular applications of online actuality, it is essential to recall there are many other works by using you can do due to this technological know-how. Just because a specific style of software can provide entry to an electronic atmosphere doesn’t imply which it can not be equally successful if useful for creative purposes.
In case you have virtually any concerns relating to wherever in addition to the way to use https://www.nftbrandsinc.com, you possibly can email us on our internet site.
Keep on your pursuit for additional associated blogposts: | <urn:uuid:1c907af5-a2ec-47ed-8b69-56bff445e1c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nymagazine.info/well-known-applying-exclusive-reality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.965024 | 1,064 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The White Horse Inn by R. Benatzky
Starts at 21:00
Im weißen Rößl also known as Il Cavallino Bianco or The White Horse Inn, was originally co-written by Gustav Kadelburg and the Berlin theatre director, Oscar Blumenthal who came up with the idea for the comedy after witnessing the amorous designs of a headwaiter on the widowed owner of a hotel he once stayed at while on vacation. What he saw provided the entire premise for the play.
Il Cavallino Bianco opened, as a play, in Berlin in 1897; by 1926 it had been made into a film; the only thing that had not yet been done was to create a musical version which The White Horse Inn’s humour clearly called out for.
Benatzky and Stolz’s operetta, which was a collaboration between librettists and composers, like the play, was premiered in Berlin. Following its first performance in the German capital on 8 November 1930 the operetta went on to be staged in theatres all over the world including, London, Paris, Vienna and new York.
After one performance in Bologna in 1940, the operetta was not allowed to be performed in Italy, as some of the co-writers were Hebrew. Likewise the Nazi regime in Germany forbad performances for the same reason. This did not prevent the operetta from becoming popular worldwide.
Leopold Brandmeyer, headwaiter at The White Horse Inn, is hopelessly in love with his boss, the owner of the inn, Josepha Vogelhuber. She however is more interested in one of her guests, a lawyer, Dr. Erwin Siedler, who is representing a client called Sülzheimer in a business dispute. Siedler makes the faux pas of falling for his client’s opponent’s daughter, Ottilie Giesecke, only for her father, Wilhelm, to see advantage in swapping a lawsuit for an engagement by marrying Ottilie off to Sülzheimer’s son, Sigismund, who has just turned up at the inn. And so it continues: a comedy of errors which has each character chasing the wrong person, with hilarious results.
Musica Novecento Theatre Company
The Compagnia Teatro Musica Novecento was founded in 1995 in Reggio Emilia by a group of established artists in the theatrical, lyric and operettist fields, with important experience gained in the most prestigious Operetta and Prose companies, as well as in important opera organizations.
Encouraged by the strong reception received with its first production, La Vedova Allegra by Franz Lehár, the Novecento Music Theater Company has embarked on a path of research, enhancement and modernization in the context of the Operetta genre. Cin-Ci-Là, Il Paese dei Campanelli, Al Cavallino Bianco, La Principessa della Czarda, Scugnizza and L'Acqua Cheta, together with the aforementioned Vedova Allegra, are the top titles that have led the Company to perform in the best squares and theaters of Italy in more than twenty years of full activity.
What immediately characterised the Compagnia Teatro Musica Novecento and which was strongly appreciated by the public and critics is a choral vision of the show, in which all the elements have a particular characterization and a specific importance, also by virtue of small skilful adjustments in a more modern key to traditional scripts.
A distinctive element of the Company is live music: Teatro Musica Novecento is in fact one of the very few Operetta companies in Italy that can boast of the presence of the live orchestra in every show, thanks to the close collaboration with the Orchestra. Art Yards. | <urn:uuid:e5fdebf1-a740-4c17-a895-41122beeee4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.serchiodellemuse.it/en/eventi/operetta-il-cavallino-bianco/?occurrence=2021-08-04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964788 | 824 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Enough with the boring and too basic
materials for learning Portuguese!
WHAT IS REALLY LEARN PORTUGUESE
Back in 2015, We created Really Learn Portuguese (RLP) to help people learn Brazilian Portuguese in some innovative and effective ways.
What’s in for you
We make Podcasts, Blog Posts, Online lessons and also what we call “Real Brazilian Conversations” (RBC) – to make your listening comprehension and pronunciation really get better like you don’t imagine.
Our mission is to help you achieve that with simple, to-the-point materials that will always teach you something new and meaningful. RLP is all about avoid boring materials, repel basic unrealistic Portuguese language teaching and not being pushy on our Marketing approaches.
Here’s our purpose with RLP: to provide really useful content in an interesting and fun way, to be aware of what you need and wish in learning Portuguese, so we can create valuable resources for you.
who's behind RLP
André is the founder of RLP. He teached Portuguese for foreigners from 2006 to 2019.André had been struggling with health problems for many years. We hope from the bottom of our heart that he has found the peace he sought so much and we will do everything to honor his legacy.
One of the things he enjoys the most is interacting with different people in different places.
"I fell in love with studying English 5 years ago and 2 have accepted Andre's invitation to help other people around the world learn a foreign language, which by the way, is one of the best sensations there are."
"Hello! My name is Emilio! I have a diploma in Business, and currently,
I am a Supply Chain and Operations Student in Canada. I am passionate about watching series and learning different languages. I like to talk about various subjects, from entertainment to politics. I have always wanted to help people developing their skills in Portuguese, so I am in the right place and at the right time!" | <urn:uuid:bc6dac93-e2af-467d-9302-ee74954f99e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reallylearnportuguese.com/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956787 | 444 | 1.625 | 2 |
Article by Rosalia Sciortino* originally published in The Jakarta Post on Monday, 12 November 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic is highlighting major divides in society and exposing preexisting vulnerabilities. A case in point are the estimated 10 million international migrants in Southeast Asia, mainly consisting of lower skilled-workers most often in irregular positions. The pandemic has disproportionately affected them, if not in terms of infections, in terms of socioeconomic impacts and disruption to their already precarious lives.
In Singapore, national spatial modelling exercises and containment measures missed to include the large migrant population as they simply did not consider it part of the inhabitants. The government was taken aback by the growing spread of the infection in migrants’ dormitories and implemented stay-at-home orders, despite activists arguing that such measures will continue to expose them to transmission due to the substandard living conditions. In September, the dormitories, which house over 300,000 construction and shipbuilding workers in packed rooms that can hold up to 20 people, accounted for almost 95 percent of Singapore’s 57,000 infections. Though it is now decreasing, the number of daily infections in dormitories continue to outnumber those in the local communities.
In other destination countries, COVID-19 responses have also fallen short of protecting the workers and respecting their rights. In Malaysia, early in the epidemics, migrants and refugees were totally locked-down in settlements with no running water or isolation space and in great stress. And when the country started to reopen last May, they were subjected to immigration raids and arrests leading to a surge of infections in detention centres. In Thailand, the hastily announced partial lockdown of Bangkok and border closure order in March triggered a mass exodus of migrants from Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos. Fearing being trapped in Thailand with no jobs and social protection, they took the risk of exposure in crowded transportation vehicles and border areas. At the same time, workers in sectors exempted from lockdown such as construction were seen heading to work as usual in filled trucks with no social distancing and masks. A recent study found that last July, 57 percent of those interviewed were not provided basic personal protective equipment of masks and hand sanitizer by their employer – a figure higher than the already significant average of 33 percent for the region. Abuses have exacerbated, with greater pressure on migrants to take unpaid leave, refuse time off during the lockdown or being prevented from leaving by passport’s confiscation.
Sending countries have demanded migrant workers abroad not to return, but no bilateral arrangements have been made to enable this to happen. Vast numbers of Indonesian migrants had to return home from Malaysia, East Asia and the Middle East due to visa limitations and loss of employment, having to take risks along the way and experiencing stigmatization on arrival as the perceived “importer” of the disease. Worries are also rife among returnees about their not being able to migrate again – and thus to provide their families with much needed resources – due to regulations suspending the formal overseas placement of Indonesian migrant workers and the closure of the destination countries. Likewise, in the Philippines, many lost jobs or were unable to take up positions because of travel restrictions. Those stranded in foreign countries often are not entitled to social welfare and face rising xenophobia and abuses. Being one of the world’s main labor exporting countries, an unprecedented fall in overseas remittances is expected, with an increasing number of families being pushed into hardship. Thai migrants abroad have experienced similar conditions and the higher number of infected returnees from usual migrant destination countries can be seen as a signal of the disproportionate impact on migrants.
As the pandemic continues unabated, regional institutions are failing to work out ways to protect migrants and their livelihoods. ASEAN summits and declarations to strengthen cooperation among member states in public health measures and resources have paid little attention to migrants. Promises made in May under the joint statement of ASEAN Labor Ministers to “provide appropriate assistance and support to ASEAN migrant workers […] working toward their health, well-being and safety as well as facilitating their movement and reuniting them with their families” have barely been implemented, when not ignored. Governments have not given recognition to the contribution of migrants to national economies and the often-minimal social protection and welfare programs have tended to exclude migrants, particularly undocumented migrants. Containment measures have also discriminated them as reflected in reduced access to testing and quality treatment and poorer quarantine facilities. Costs of health documentation and costs of repatriation, particularly transportation, COVID-19 tests, and quarantine costs are disproportionate to migrants’ meagre incomes, depleting their savings and increasing their debts. Several disease control acts criminalize migrants for entering countries of destination or returning to home countries without accounting for their needs.
Observers are quick to point out that the pandemic only serves to magnify the shortcomings of an already broken migration management system. In their hope for a better future, some go as far as seeing COVID-19 as a transformer that will enable greater awareness of migrants’ poor conditions eventually leading to safer migration. Propositions to address the current structural weakness vary from having so far reticent destination countries adopt international conventions to improving living and housing arrangements and rising wages and benefits. Calls are also there for guaranteeing access to health care and social protection programs for migrants and refugees, irrespective of their legal status and to decriminalize migrant irregularity. On Monday, a day ahead of the 13th ASEAN Forum on Migrant Labor, the Mekong Migration Network issued a statement to remind states of their promises and encourage them to collaborate to seek “pragmatic solutions that facilitate movement while not undermining public health”.
Although it is too early to judge how realistic these aspirations are, indications are far from promising. In spite of heightened concerns in the media and among civil society and United Nations organizations, only the Singaporean government has pledged some concrete measures by committing to improving the dire conditions of dormitories and allocate somewhat more space to migrants. If more structural changes that question the very perception of lower-skilled migrant worker and the double standards we uphold are not proposed, the “new normal” can be expected to continue current conditions, rather than break in a “better normal” centered on justice and dignity and the pursuit of economic and health equity regardless of citizenship.
This article was published in thejakartapost.com with the title “‘New’ or ‘better’ normal for migrants in ASEAN?”. Click to read: https://www.thejakartapost.com/paper/2020/11/11/new-or-better-normal-for-migrants-in-asean.html.
** The writer is associate professor at the Institute for Population and Social Research (IPSR), Mahidol University; director of SEA Junction, Bangkok; and emeritus regional director for Southeast Asia with the Rockefeller Foundation and the International Development Research Center. The article was written for the upcoming newsletter of IPSR’s Mahidol Migration Center. | <urn:uuid:dd8a0089-f939-4798-9aa6-3e00eb2f187e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://seajunction.org/new-or-better-normal-for-migrants-in-asean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953098 | 1,453 | 2.421875 | 2 |
1. Set The Markers
You can start with any sound or patch but I’m starting with a patch called “Vergon 6” from the factory library as it works really well, and so you can also follow along. We’re going to focus on the Sample, Grain and Envelope sections. If you hold a note before changing anything, you will see the playhead in the sample section picks up and plays along the sample. The default setting in this patch is for it to play in a loop based on Envelope 1 in the Envelopes section. Moving the green and red markers in the Sample section sets the left and right locators the playhead uses for barriers.
2. Choose Motion Type
If you click on the Motion menu in the Sample area, you will see that you can choose various different types of movement for the playhead. Experiment with these: Freeze causes the sample to repeat at the left marker location, while One Shot will play from left to right and stop. The two loop options play a regular or ping pong loop, and End Freeze plays to the end marker then freezes the sound.
3. Jitter And Speed
The Speed knob in the Sample section controls playback speed, except when Motion is set to follow the Envelopes section, in which case the Rate knob in that section controls speed. For any Motion setting, the Jitter knob in the Sample section controls the amount the playhead skitters around during playback, bringing more unpredictability and randomization to the way the sample is played back. Switch the Motion control back to Envelope, as we’re going to try experimenting with some different settings.
4. Envelope Changes
With Envelope 1 selected, try holding a note while modifying the shape of the envelope. This can be done by picking up its points, or clicking to create additional breakpoints and modifying the curves between them. The Edit Y Pos box can be activated to restrict movement to just one axis, and looping can be switched on or off. Also, clicking on the Preset box will reveal a lot of preset envelope shapes which can be called up quickly. By making just a few tweaks to the default envelope shape, you are able to create a more dynamic and fluid sound which sweeps in and out.
5. Multiple Slots
There are four slots to hold envelope shapes and you can flip between any of them at any point. And for each one you can also set a unique speed, loop on/off value and also use the Sustain command to specify at what point in the envelope playback - if any - the playhead should stop and sustain. If you activate the Key Trig button for any envelope, then pressing a MIDI note will retrigger the playback from the start. Switched off, the envelope continues to play or loop regardless of whether you press new notes.
6. Grain Type Select
Now move up to the Grains section and click on the chooser menu at the top left of its window. Here you can choose how Grain interprets and processes the sounds it is breaking down (into grains) and thus greatly affect the way the results are produced. In this example I have selected the Spectral Grains option and then as a note is held, I manipulate the Snap and Filter knobs to change the resolution and intensity of the grain processing. While you may want to play with these until you get the desired result, remember also that you can automate these and most other controls so you can create sonic changes over time, for a more pleasing effect.
7. Length And Space
Now try selecting the Grain Oscillator option. Here, if I play with the grain Length and Spacing dials I am able to get some really psychedelic effects, pushing the grains further apart to create a slowed down, granular effect. This is like a more advanced version of what 90s producers used to do with hardware samplers, artificially stretching out sounds far beyond anything you’d normally expect to hear. The results can be great for all kinds of ambient sound design.
8. Tape Wobble
Now select the Tape option and although it doesn’t have as many parameters to tweak you will hear that this option provides another out-there, sci-fi style effect for your sounds. Consider playing with the filter effect, sharpening it up (by lessening the amount of filtering) to provide more of a punch as the sound hits.
9. Edit Source
Returning to the Sampler section, locate the small Sample Edit button to the left of the miniature waveform overview. Clicking this will open Reason’s application-wide sample editor, which can be found on most sample-capable modules. This is actually really powerful and allows you to perform all kinds of edits on the sample being used as the basis for granular synthesis. You can for example easily crop, reverse or normalise it and also save it out under a new name, after which it will appear in the Song Samples section of the browser to the left of Reason’s main window.
10. Swap Samples
Remember also that you can record or load a new sample into Grain without disturbing any of the other settings you have made inside the synth. So by clicking on the Sample Record or Load button, or dragging and dropping a sample from your desktop directly into the sample area you can import it and have it treated in exactly the same way, without having to set anything up from scratch again.
11. Quick Preview
One final tip - although your sound will be heavily modified by Grain you can easily get a quick preview of what the source sample sounds like by pressing the small red button at the top right hand corner of its window. Useful for reminding yourself how different the source is to the end results! | <urn:uuid:18feabdd-5c44-4db8-83b4-fc7f38cca2d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ask.audio/articles/textural-sound-design-with-propellerhead-reasons-grain-synthesizer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.920377 | 1,195 | 1.695313 | 2 |
RAVEN’s Tracy Glynn wrote a story for our partner the NB Media Co-op about a new report with alarming information about deforestation in Canada. Logging roads and forestry operation landings involve considerable deforestation in themselves however roads and landings are not included in the national calculations of deforestation. In fact, the amount reported is only a fraction of the actual total. The report was published by the Wildlands League and Tracy’s story includes input from the NB-based Community Forests International. You can read the story here. | <urn:uuid:e6d8d62c-758a-4dfa-8229-fe8ea0034e87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://raven-research.org/deforestation-under-reported/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954371 | 109 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Please complete the form below to learn more about the Master of Science in Educational Leadership program and an admission counselor will contact you shortly.
- Prepares leaders to lead for all PK-12 students’ success and well-being, whether in urban, suburban or rural contexts.
- Convenient, one weekend per month class schedule for busy professionals.
- Proven history of strong students and successful leadership employment.
- Courses are co-taught by instructors with successful school and district leadership experiences and state-wide connections.
- Coursework is research-based and responsive to students in the cohort.
- Invaluable experience connecting and networking.
- Learn by doing. Innovative field/practicum experiences with strong leaders in dynamic settings are integrated with coursework. These deep, practical experiences and feedback from instructors/field supervisors run throughout the program.
The Educational Leadership Program reflects the Wisconsin Administrator Standards, the National Policy Board for Educational Administration (NPBEA) and the Professional Standards for Educational Leadership (PSEL).
Three Program Choices
The Value of a Learning Community Model
The Educational Leadership Program is delivered through a learning community. Participants meet together one weekend a month over a 20-month period. Interacting with a group of peers at periodic intervals provides students time and space to examine issues thoughtfully and collaboratively – creating a community of learning that’s self-sustaining. Each cohort is co-facilitated by 2 instructors who follow the program through its entirety. | <urn:uuid:adebbab9-e429-458d-b258-71aaf80e6a05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carrollu.edu/academics/education/ms-educational-leadership | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.908473 | 310 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Dogs can be very mischievous around household items and often find things they shouldn’t have, such as human food. This can be very dangerous if you are unaware of what foods are poisonous to dogs.
Chocolate is one of the well-known poisonous foods for dogs and although some dogs eat it and are fine, it is best not to take the risk. With most poisonous foods, it is the not the food itself but the dose that makes the poison. All types of chocolate contain a toxic chemical called theobromine. Although theobromine can have benefits to humans, unfortunately this isn’t the case for dogs. Dogs can’t metabolise it in the same way humans do, which can sometimes cause dangerous reactions to their bodies.
If your dog has consumed chocolate, they may start to show symptoms of being poisoned. Below is a list of common symptoms to look out for:
If your dog consumes any amount of chocolate, whether they are showing symptoms or not, call your vet for advice. Try to note down your dog’s weight, the type of chocolate they consumed, how much they’ve eaten and when. If possible, take the wrapper to the vets. This will all help the vet when it comes to treating your dog.
We have a wide range of treats in all our stores, including doggy chocolate. A chocolate that is perfectly safe for dogs as it doesn’t include the chemical theobromine, a chemical usually found in human chocolate. Click here to find your nearest store.
The PDSA have some useful tips and advice, for more information on chocolate being poisonous for dogs please click here. | <urn:uuid:29764efd-754e-4352-8128-b953b59229e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wcfpetandequestrian.co.uk/ourguides/article/what-to-do-if-your-dog-eats-chocolate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953523 | 344 | 2.953125 | 3 |
- SPAY-NEUTER CAMPAIGN NOW PRESENT ON JACO’S STREETS
- EDUCATION NEVER STOPS!
- “I BRAKE FOR ANIMALS” SIGNS NOW ALSO AT REFUGIO DE VIDA SILVESTRE PUNTA MALA
- NOMINATIONS FOR THE NEXT GOLDEN PAW AWARD
For the last 11 years we have continuously offered our spay-neuter campaign to the people of Garabito county, providing low-cost castrations to all those who cannot afford the regular price, explaining why responsible pet owners have their pets spayed / neutered, doing our best to collect the stray animales in order to proceed with the surgery, and also making sure that not one puppy or kitten goes to their new home without first being fixed. Every year we are able to provide over 800 low-cost or free surgeries, and for such a small organization working within only one county, it is a great number indeed.
Within the overall message of our education program, we make sure that the youngest members of our community understand the overpopulation problem, and are aware of the only solution to it. This year we decided to extend our campaign to the streets, installing attractive and appealing signs at various locations where people pass and/or congregate. In March we installed 14 signs, and almost immediately we began receiving incredibly positive feedback. People on the streets approach us, praising both the idea of spreading the message this unusual way, as well as the 2 different designs we used. We would like to be able to produce 14 more signs and install them at the southern end of Jaco and also in Herradura. If you would like to sponsor one or more of these wonderful signs, please let us know. The price is $60 per unit, and the size is 70 x 70 cm.
The awesome design comes from CRYSTAL MCLAUGHLIN, an American artist from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and the project is sponsored by LINDA LOOK – thank you to both of you for making this great project such a big success. And thank you to all of our supporter for their contributions to the spay-neuter program – the full list can be seen on our website: http://mckee-jaco.com/our-sponsors/
Another successful educational activity by MCKEE JACO has been running since the end of February at the little school in Jaco-Pueblo Nuevo. It’s a part of our education program entitled “SHARING THE WORLD WITH THE ANIMALS”, developed in 2009 by CYNTHIA LIZANO, later improved by ANGELA MARIA LOZANO. During these activities the kids work on many different art works that illustrate all animal rights, finishing with a large (1 meter high) sculpture of a parrot, an animal chosen as a symbol of all wild life animals which are so often captured, only to end up living a miserable life in captivity in Costa Rican homes. This sculpture, together with a big sign saying “Let me be free” will be put in the patio of the school. It is very important to organize this activity in exactly this area, one who’s residents are famous for robbing the nests and selling the parrot and macaw chicks on the black market. Thank you to LINDA LOOK from the USA for sponsoring this great activity and to ANGELA MARIA LOZANO for her excellent job working with the kids.
During the course of our “I brake for animals” project, we were finally able to find sponsors and produce 3 new signs at the entrance to and around the Refugio de Vida Silvestre Punta Mala – a “death trap” which claims the lives of various wild animals every single day. In order for the signs to be easily noticeable, they are 2 meters high and 1 meter wide and they are made using reflective materials, making them clearly visible both day and night. Thank you to all sponsors of these so very necessary signs: Dave & Jessica of Jaco, Denise Bishko @ Supersol – Esterillos, Fellow Animals – Esterillos, Restaurant Los Almendros – Esterillos, Tecni Hogar Parrita and Variedades El Amigo – Parrita. Together with these three, we’ve now got 7 big signs installed on the highway in places with extremely high traffic and mortality of our wildlife animals. And 14 medium sized signs on the streets in Jaco, Herradura and Tarcoles.
Also our mission to have our sticker “Yo freno por los animales” (“I brake for animals”) on each car in Costa Rica is ongoing! If you are an animal lover and don’t have a sticker yet, please order one now and join us in achieving our goal to create more awareness and reduce the number of injured and killed animals on the roads.
The attractive, fun design of the sticker also looks great on any other moving vehicle, so make sure to pass it on to non-car owners too! They cost only 500 colones each, and are available in black and yellow. Contact us to place an order, or purchase them at: Veterinaria Plaza Boulevard, Veterinaria Dra. Wendy Villalobos, Farmacia Sofia or Seguridad Total Pacifico.
Our huge THANK YOU goes out to the American artist CRYSTAL MCLAUGHLIN from Myrtle Beach for this fantastic design, and to our friend and supporter LINDA LOOK for sponsoring this entire project from the start.3
The nominations for the next Golden Paw Award are due by May 15. If you know someone who makes our community a truly better place through the work they do with animals, please fill out the form on our website or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org
Nominations may come from any community member. Please read the nomination guidelines before filling out the form.
Thank you for your time and support.
Asociacion Pro Bienestar Animal (McKee Jaco) | <urn:uuid:d88e7801-d371-46ff-8114-a7955842d36f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mckee-jaco.com/2014/04/spay-neuter-campaign/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.933773 | 1,285 | 1.703125 | 2 |
That’s right residents, if each New York City borough were an independent city, Queens would be America’s fourth largest city, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn! Therefore, in light of the lack of block parties, poetry readings, puppet shows, and orgies occurring in LIC this weekend, as well as the limited news flow, I have decided to expand my horizons to all of Queens, courtesy of wikipedia. Oh sure, you could go to the website directly, but the Queens entry is 29 pages long, and who wants to read that much information on a 2″ x 2″ screen, especially when the weather is so nice? Therefore, I am going to bring you the 21st century soundbite version of the Queens wiki, so you can spend more time on important matters such as cooking shows and farmville. So here we go with the top 5 facts about our borough:
1. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world with a population of over 2.2 million, 46% of whom are foreign-born, representing over 100 different nations and speaking over 138 different languages.
2. The racial makeup of the county was 44.08% White, 20.01% African American, 17.56% Asian,, 11.68% from other races, and 6.11% from two or more races. 24.97% of the population were Hispanic of any race.
- Chinese: 173,123; 39.8% of the city’s total Chinese population.
- Indian: 147,525; 64% Asian Indian population.
- Korean: 65,131; 66.4% of the city’s total Korean population.
- Filipino: 41,784; 61.3% of the city’s total Filipino population.
- Bangladeshi: 18,310; 66% of the city’s total Bangladeshi population.
- Pakistani: 10,884; 39.5% of the city’s total Pakistani population
3. The streets of Queens are laid out in a semi-grid system, with a numerical system of street names (similar to Manhattan and the Bronx). Nearly all roadways oriented north-south are “Streets”, while east-west roadways are “Avenues”, beginning with the number 1 in the west for Streets and in the north for Avenues. –does this make sense to anyone? Trust me, this only scratches the surface regarding the Queens layout, we are the poster child for GPS.
4. Queens has 5 U.S. Congressmen, some of whom we share with other boroughs including LIC’s: Astoria and Long Island City are roughly geographically half and demographically a third of the 14th district of Carolyn Maloney, the rest of whose district extends across the east side of Manhattan from the East Village through Carnegie Hill. – hmm, kinda makes us an afterthought
5. Most neighborhoods have no solid boundaries – LIC is the perfect example
That wasn’t so painful was it? Now use this beautiful weekend to explore and find out more about number four.
Comedy Explosion in LIC Attracting Stars – as one would expect in the 4th largest city
Pop Up Library Coming to Gantry Park – the HPS Library will be officially dedicated on Friday, Oct. 5 at 10:30 a.m. By an ordained priest, minister, and rabbi, from their mouths to…
Waterfront Bus Service Expands In LIC Corridor – news doesn’t get more local than this
East River Ferry Service Not Doing Too Well On Weekdays – might the fact that the HPS access point adds 20 minutes to ones commute be a factor?
Another Big Industrial Company Leaves LIC For The Bronx – the first being Fresh Direct, it’s the normal course of action as the city changes
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial On Roosevelt Island, NYT Architectural Review – more detail about what many of you have been looking at across the water and wondering “huh?”
One last note regarding the school situation – a number of you have reached out asking “What can we do to help?” I am awaiting some confirmation on new information relevant to this and will address your queries next week. Thank you very much for taking the initiative and stay tuned… | <urn:uuid:3efa3138-442c-459a-97ab-48d16f85a401> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lictalk.com/author/andrewkleinberg/page/181/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.927876 | 900 | 2.359375 | 2 |
In July, I was in Mexico City for Wikimania, the global Wikimedia community’s annual conference. I was there to kickstart the adaptation of Wiki Ed’s Dashboard system for use beyond our programs, and to catch up with the latest developments in Wikimedia technology ecosystem. I’ll give a quick overview of what I was up to, which involves some work to help groups adapt our tools for other projects, some interesting quality assessment tools for articles, and some news about our plagiarism detection infrastructure.
The Wiki Education Foundation’s programs focus on the United States and Canada. However, the tools we’re building could be very useful to the broader Wikimedia community. They could be adapted for education programs in other countries and languages, as well as other outreach projects, such as Art+Feminism.
During the Wikimania Hackathon — two days of developers collaborating on whatever projects catch their fancy — I worked with two Wikimedia Foundation software engineers, Andrew Green and Adam Wight. We took the first steps toward making dashboards available for other projects. By the end of the hackathon, we had a new version up and running at outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org, which some English Wikipedia edit-a-thons and other outreach programs plan to try out soon.
The next steps for the general community version of the dashboard will be to see how it performs for English Wikipedia projects. We’ll fix any problems that turn up, and then move toward full internationalization. The dashboard interface is already being translated at translatewiki.net. For ideal use across Wikipedia languages, though, we need to update the dashboard’s core to track languages and handle data from multiple language versions of Wikipedia at once. (If you’re interested in hacking on it, and you know some Ruby on Rails, get in touch!)
Another, more serendipitous bit of exploration at Wikimania was based on the “revision scoring as a service” project. Wikimedia Foundation researcher Aaron Halfaker and several collaborators have been developing artificial intelligence techniques to evaluate Wikipedia revisions and diffs. Those AI’s make predictions about whether changes will be reverted, and what rating an article would have on the “Wikipedia 1.0” quality scale. I applied the rating predictions to articles in some of Wiki Ed’s courses from recent terms. I converted the predictions into a numerical score, and charted the change in quality from the beginning of the course to the end. We came up with some really interesting results. Here’s the revision scoring model estimates for the quality of “Antitheatrical prejudice”, a student editor’s project from a fall 2014 theater history course:
The chart tells an interesting story. In the first revisions, the student created a short stub — just a single sentence. Then, in one big edit, it was expanded to a full article. The next significant change in the quality estimate is a drop. What happened there? As it turns out, the images in that initial version were deleted, resulting a big hit to estimated quality. In subsequent revisions, the student editor did a lot of copyediting, which didn’t affect the estimate very much. Eventually, the student editor found some appropriately licensed images to illustrate the article (and bumped up the quality estimate to a new high).
This kind of data could help surface major events in the evolution of an article, and to identify edits worth investigating more closely. We shouldn’t think of it in terms of article quality per se, as it doesn’t understand the meaning, or even the grammar, of the text. But as a measure of structural completeness, it seems to do a pretty good job.
Finally, I had a chance to discuss the future of our plagiarism-checking infrastructure with James Heilman and Eran Rosenthal, who have been working on the EranBot copy-and-paste detection system. The next version will involve a queryable database of checked revisions, which could be used not only by EranBot, but by other services such as the Wiki Ed Dashboard. I’ll be tackling that project in the coming months, and we’re hoping to build on the exciting work that Eran has started.
On all these fronts, I’m really excited about the collaboration that’s coming! | <urn:uuid:2ef68e0b-9447-4142-ab6f-6d0502680cac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://staging.wikiedu.org/blog/2015/08/12/hacking-and-collaboration-at-wikimania/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.942005 | 905 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Right now, we’re struggling to overcome a pandemic, but our hygiene standards are at an all-time high. A diligence for hand washing has spilled over into the household, and for once we’ve got the time to deal with domestic tasks frequently neglected.
Bored with tidying the living room, scrubbing the bathroom and disinfecting kitchen surfaces? Step up to the challenge of ticking off jobs you probably never even imagined needed doing.
1. Blitz oven grime
Hobs regularly get a rinse down, but how often do we tackle ovens? Over time, fat and food debris build up on the walls and shelving, burning and spewing fumes every time the appliance is switched on.
Choose a non-caustic cleaning product to avoid damage to both kitchen surfaces and your health – any stubborn stains can be cleared by soaking them with bicarbonate of soda overnight. Non-toxic products shouldn’t leave lingering odours, but to be safe fill a tray with water and lemon juice and heat to 120C for 20 minutes beforehand.
2. Remove dust from radiators
Whatever the design, radiators are magnets for dust, which often ends up collecting in the hardest to reach places.
Allowing it to fester is not only unhygienic but can also impair heating performance, so it’s worth making the effort to delve in.
For tight spots impossible to vacuum, collect fluff by dangling a damp cloth, or wrap it around a wire coat hanger for greater control.
3. Moth-bomb wardrobes
Lockdown conveniently coincides with moth season, which traditionally kicks off in April or May.
If you want to rid pantries, carpets and wardrobes of infestations, now is the time to strike before warm weather causes dormant eggs to hatch. Lavender pouches and cedar blocks are all deterrents, but sticky paper traps and moth bombs are the most effective weapons.
Any clothes with telltale webbed cases should be put in the freezer for 48 hours.
4. Empty kitchen cupboards
At a time when supermarket trips should be minimised, creating storage space for long-life food is more important than ever. While most items are stamped with expiry dates, others fall into a grey area. Can you recall exactly when those burgers went into the freezer?
And how long have strands of saffron been drifting around the bottom of a spice jar? According to the NHS, it’s best to eat frozen meat within three to six months; after that, taste deteriorates although it’s still safe. Most spices have a shelf life of three to four years.
5. Sort sock drawers
How irritating is it to wake up and find a drawer full of odd socks? Admittedly, Skype, Zoom and Houseparty only require dressing from waist up, but there is a sense of self-respect to be earned from wearing matching smalls. Empty the drawer, lay out each sock and ball them into pairs. Think of it as a game of Snap.
6. Detangle electrical cables
Not everything in the world is wireless. When the back of a TV set starts to resemble electrical spaghetti, it’s time to tidy cords and cables neatly away.
Hair scrunchies can be used to create manageable bundles, or thread stray wires through empty toilet rolls to avoid any tangles.
7. Descale the showerhead
In areas with hard water, limescale deposits quickly form in bathroom taps, turning power showers into pathetic trickles over time.
White vinegar is the simple, cost-effective solution: clean a removable spout by immersing it in a bucket of the acidic liquid; if the shower is fixed, fill a plastic bag instead and use a rubber band to tie it to the head.
8. Steam clean a mattress
It’s a place where we spend a good proportion of our lives, so it’s no surprise that beds are a den of dirty hair and dead skin cells.
A vacuum cleaner will remove most of the detritus from a mattress, while baking soda can be used to help soak up stains and deodorise bad smells. Steam cleaners get the best results and should be used every few months.
9. Clean windows crystal clear
At the moment, we’re spending a lot of time gazing through windows, and who really wants to connect with the outside world through a veil of pigeon poo?
It’s tempting to choose a sunny day to get glass gleaming, but if cleaner dries too quickly it will form streaks.
While squeegees are a window cleaner’s favourite tool, it’s easier – and less messy – to use a microfibre cloth for smaller panes.
10. Deodorise the washing machine
If your whites are running grey after cycles emitting foul smells, it’s likely the washing machine is due a good clean.
Use an old toothbrush to scrub the detergent drawer, clear the debris filter (it’s usually on the bottom of the machine, behind a hinged cover) and clean the drum with dishwasher tablets on a hot wash. | <urn:uuid:333658df-e0be-4a06-bb13-cfbfd5b182b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aol.co.uk/news/2020/04/16/life-on-the-inside-10-household-chores-to-finally-complete-duri/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.909283 | 1,082 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Medact report concerned over health impact of youth military recruitment
OVER TWENTY MSPs from the SNP and Scottish Greens have condemned the UK military for targeting young people in its recruitment.
The parliamentary motion, proposed by the SNP’s Christina McKelvie, highlights fresh evidence from health experts Medact that called for a rise in the military recruitment age.
The Scottish Parliament petitions committee is set to hear further evidence this week on military recruitment in the country’s schools.
Campaigners compiled military data which revealed a “disproportionate” 1783 visits to 377 Scottish education institutions across a two year period, with at least a third of visits including careers advice.
Currently, teenagers can apply to join the UK military from as young as 15 years and seven months old, and enlist from the age of 16.
22 MSPs have signed a motion stating they are “dismayed” at the military recruitment practices, given evidence of health “vulnerabilities” from early military recruitment.
The motion reads: “That the parliament acknowledges the recent report from the health charity, Medact, on the recruitment of under 18s into the British armed forces; notes that the main findings of the report state that child recruits are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol abuse, self-harm, suicide, death and injury during an armed forces career when compared with adult recruits”.
The motion adds that the MSPs “considers that military recruitment marketing takes advantage of adolescent cognitive and psychosocial vulnerabilities among under 18s; further considers that the current practices for recruiting children into the armed forces do not meet the criteria for full and informed consent; believes that those recruited as children, upon turning 18, are more likely than adult recruits to end up in frontline combat roles, which carry greater risks than other roles.”
“The recent report from Medact has added to the already large bank of evidence that younger recruits to the military face disproportionate risks, including a higher risk of death, injury and mental health issues”. SNP Youth
The MSPs’ motion concludes that they are “dismayed to note that recruitment of children into the armed forces can start at age 15; understand[s] that the 2007 armed forces document, Engagement with UK Schools, indicated that the main driver of armed forces visits to schools was with the purpose of recruitment; believe[s] that this is reiterated further in the Ministry of Defence's 2011 Youth Engagement Review, and encourage[s] members from across the Parliament, as well as those with experience of working with children and young people, to read the Medact report.”
SNP Youth, which has campaigned on the issue, added: “The recent report from Medact has added to the already large bank of evidence that younger recruits to the military face disproportionate risks, including a higher risk of death, injury and mental health issues; and that younger people are more susceptible to military marketing which we believe provides an unrealistic representation of a military career.”
Picture courtesy of Defence Images
Check out what people are saying about how important CommonSpace is. Pledge your support today. | <urn:uuid:d18b913b-d52b-404f-b319-4426709e031c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sourcenews.scot/snp-and-green-msps-condemn-british-military-for-recruitment-of-vulnerable-youths/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.965858 | 661 | 1.757813 | 2 |
1934 Mercedes-Benz W25
|Problems playing this file? See media help.|
A supercharger is an air compressor that increases the pressure or density of air supplied to an internal combustion engine. This gives each intake cycle of the engine more oxygen, letting it burn more fuel and do more work, thus increasing power.
Power for the supercharger can be provided mechanically by means of a belt, gear, shaft, or chain connected to the engine's crankshaft.
When power is provided by a turbine powered by exhaust gas, a supercharger is known as a turbosupercharger – typically referred to simply as a turbocharger or just turbo. Common usage restricts the term supercharger to mechanically driven units.
In 1860, brothers Philander and Francis Marion Roots, founders of Roots Blower Company of Connersville, Indiana, patented the design for an air mover for use in blast furnaces and other industrial applications.
The world's first functional, actually tested engine supercharger was made by Dugald Clerk, who used it for the first two-stroke engine in 1878. Gottlieb Daimler received a German patent for supercharging an internal combustion engine in 1885. Louis Renault patented a centrifugal supercharger in France in 1902. An early supercharged race car was built by Lee Chadwick of Pottstown, Pennsylvania in 1908 which reportedly reached a speed of 100 mph (160 km/h).
The world's first series-produced cars with superchargers were Mercedes 6/25/40 hp and Mercedes 10/40/65 hp. Both models were introduced in 1921 and had Roots superchargers. They were distinguished as "Kompressor" models, the origin of the Mercedes-Benz badging which continues today.
On March 24, 1878 Heinrich Krigar of Germany obtained patent #4121, patenting the first ever screw-type compressor. Later that same year on August 16 he obtained patent #7116 after modifying and improving his original designs. His designs show a two-lobe rotor assembly with each rotor having the same shape as the other. Although the design resembled the roots style compressor, the "screws" were clearly shown with 180 degrees of twist along their length. Unfortunately, the technology of the time was not sufficient to produce such a unit, and Heinrich made no further progress with the screw compressor. Nearly half a century later, in 1935, Alf Lysholm, who was working for Ljungstroms Angturbin AB (later known as Svenska Rotor Maskiner AB or SRM in 1951), patented a design with five female and four male rotors. He also patented the method for machining the compressor rotors.
Types of supercharger
There are two main types of superchargers defined according to the method of gas transfer: positive displacement and dynamic compressors. Positive displacement blowers and compressors deliver an almost constant level of pressure increase at all engine speeds (RPM). Dynamic compressors do not deliver pressure at low speeds; above a threshold speed, pressure increases with engine speed.
Positive-displacement pumps deliver a nearly fixed volume of air per revolution at all speeds (minus leakage, which is almost constant at all speeds for a given pressure, thus its importance decreases at higher speeds).
Major types of positive-displacement pumps include:
Positive-displacement pumps are further divided into internal and external compression types.
Roots superchargers are external compression only (although high-helix roots blowers attempt to emulate the internal compression of the Lysholm screw).
- External compression refers to pumps that transfer air at ambient pressure into the engine. If the engine is running under boost conditions, the pressure in the intake manifold is higher than that coming from the supercharger. That causes a backflow from the engine into the supercharger until the two reach equilibrium. It is the backflow that actually compresses the incoming gas. This is an inefficient process and the main factor in the lack of efficiency of Roots superchargers when used at high boost levels. The lower the boost level the smaller is this loss, and Roots blowers are very efficient at moving air at low pressure differentials, which is what they were invented for (hence the original term "blower").
All the other types have some degree of internal compression.
- Internal compression refers to the compression of air within the supercharger itself, which, already at or close to boost level, can be delivered smoothly to the engine with little or no back flow. This is more effective than back flow compression and allows higher efficiency to be achieved. Internal compression devices usually use a fixed internal compression ratio. When the boost pressure is equal to the compression pressure of the supercharger, the back flow is zero. If the boost pressure exceeds that compression pressure, back flow can still occur as in a roots blower. Internal compression blowers must be matched to the expected boost pressure in order to achieve the higher efficiency they are capable of, otherwise they will suffer the same problems and low efficiency of the roots blowers.
Positive-displacement superchargers are usually rated by their capacity per revolution. In the case of the Roots blower, the GMC rating pattern is typical. The GMC types are rated according to how many two-stroke cylinders, and the size of those cylinders, it is designed to scavenge. GMC has made 2–71, 3–71, 4–71, and the famed 6–71 blowers. For example, a 6–71 blower is designed to scavenge six cylinders of 71 cubic inches (1,163 cc) each and would be used on a two-stroke diesel of 426 cubic inches (6,981 cc), which is designated a 6–71; the blower takes this same designation. However, because 6–71 is actually the engine's designation, the actual displacement is less than the simple multiplication would suggest. A 6–71 actually pumps 339 cubic inches (5,555 cc) per revolution (but as it spins faster than the engine, it can easily put out the same displacement as the engine per engine rev).
Aftermarket derivatives continue the trend with 8–71 to current 16–71 blowers used in different motor sports. From this, one can see that a 6–71 is roughly twice the size of a 3–71. GMC also made 53 cu in (869 cc) series in 2–, 3–, 4–, 6–, and 8–53 sizes, as well as a "V71" series for use on engines using a V configuration.
Dynamic compressors rely on accelerating the air to high speed and then exchanging that velocity for pressure by diffusing or slowing it down.
Major types of dynamic compressor are:
Supercharger drive types
Superchargers are further defined according to their method of drive.
- Belt (V-belt, Synchronous belt, Flat belt)
- Direct drive
- Gear drive
- Chain drive
Temperature effects and intercoolers
One disadvantage of supercharging is that compressing the air increases its temperature. When a supercharger is used on an internal combustion engine, the temperature of the fuel/air charge becomes a major limiting factor in engine performance. Extreme temperatures will cause detonation of the fuel-air mixture (spark ignition engines) and damage to the engine. In cars, this can cause a problem when it is a hot day outside, or when an excessive level of boost is reached.
It is possible to estimate the temperature rise across a supercharger by modeling it as an isentropic process.
- = ambient air temperature
- = temperature after the compressor
- = ambient atmospheric pressure (absolute)
- = pressure after the compressor (absolute)
- = Ratio of specific heat capacities = = 1.4 for air
- = Specific heat at constant pressure
- = Specific heat at constant volume
For example, if a supercharged engine is pushing 10 psi (0.69 bar) of boost at sea level (ambient pressure of 14.7 psi (1.01 bar), ambient temperature of 75 °F (24 °C)), the temperature of the air after the supercharger will be 160.5 °F (71.4 °C). This temperature is known as the compressor discharge temperature (CDT) and highlights why a method for cooling the air after the compressor is so important.
While it is true that higher intake temperatures for internal combustion engines will ingest air of lower density, this only holds correct for a static, unchanging air pressure. i.e. on a hot day an engine will intake less oxygen per engine cycle than it would on a cold day. However, the heating of the air, while in the supercharger compressor, does not reduce the density of the air due to its rise in temperature. The rise in temperature is due to its rise in pressure. Energy is being added to the air and this is seen in both its energy, internal to the molecules (temperature) and of the air in static pressure, as well as the velocity of the gas.
Inter-cooling makes no change in the density of the air after it has been compressed. It is only removing the thermal energy of the air from the compression process. i.e. the inter-cooler only removes the energy put in by the compression process and does not alter the density of air, so that the air/fuel mixture is not so hot that it causes it to ignite before the spark ignites it, otherwise known as pre-ignition.
For two-stroke engines, scavenging is required to purge exhaust gasses. In small engines this is commonly achieved by using the crankcase as a blower, the descending piston during the power stroke compresses air in the crankcase used to purge the cylinder. Scavenging blowing should not be confused with supercharging, no charge compression takes place. As the volume change produced by the lower side of the piston is the same as the upper face, this is limited to scavenging and cannot provide any supercharging.
Larger engines usually use a separate blower for scavenging and it was for this type of operation that the Roots blower was developed. Historically many designs of blower have been used, from separate pumping cylinders, 'top hat' pistons combining two pistons of different diameter the larger one being used for scavenging, various rotary blowers and centrifugal turbocompressors, including turbochargers. Turbocharging two-stroke engines is difficult, but not impossible, as an exhaust-driven turbocharger does not provide any boost until it has had time to spin up to speed. Purely turbocharged two stroke engines may thus have difficulty when starting, with poor combustion and dirty exhausts, possibly even four-stroking. Some two-stroke turbochargers have a mechanical drive through a clutch, used for starting.
Simple two-stroke engines with ported inlet and exhaust cannot be supercharged since the inlet port always closes first. For this reason, two-stroke Diesel engines usually have mechanical exhaust valves with separate timing to allow supercharging. Regardless of this, two-stroke engines require scavenging at all engine speeds and so turbocharged two-stroke engines must still employ a blower, usually Roots type. This blower may be mechanically or electrically driven, in either case the blower may be disengaged once the turbocharger starts to deliver air.
In 1900, Gottlieb Daimler, of Daimler-Benz (Daimler AG), was the first to patent a forced-induction system for internal combustion engines, superchargers based on the twin-rotor air-pump design, first patented by the American Francis Marion Roots in 1860, the basic design for the modern Roots type supercharger.
The first supercharged cars were introduced at the 1921 Berlin Motor Show: the 6/20 hp and 10/35 hp Mercedes. These cars went into production in 1923 as the 6/25/40 hp (regarded as the first supercharged road car) and 10/40/65 hp. These were normal road cars as other supercharged cars at same time were almost all racing cars, including the 1923 Fiat 805-405, 1923 Miller 122 1924 Alfa Romeo P2, 1924 Sunbeam, 1925 Delage, and the 1926 Bugatti Type 35C. At the end of the 1920s, Bentley made a supercharged version of the Bentley 4½ Litre road car. Since then, superchargers (and turbochargers) have been widely applied to racing and production cars, although the supercharger's technological complexity and cost have largely limited it to expensive, high-performance cars.
Supercharging versus turbocharging
Keeping the air that enters the engine cool is an important part of the design of both superchargers and turbochargers. Compressing air increases its temperature, so it is common to use a small radiator called an intercooler between the pump and the engine to reduce the temperature of the air.
There are three main categories of superchargers for automotive use:
- Centrifugal turbochargers – driven from exhaust gases.
- Centrifugal superchargers – driven directly by the engine via a belt-drive.
- Positive displacement pumps – such as the Roots, Twin Screw (Lysholm), and TVS (Eaton) blowers.
Roots blowers tend to be only 40–50% efficient at high boost levels; by contrast centrifugal (dynamic) superchargers are 70–85% efficient at high boost. Lysholm-style blowers can be nearly as efficient as their centrifugal counterparts over a narrow range of load/speed/boost, for which the system must be specifically designed.
Mechanically driven superchargers may absorb as much as a third of the total crankshaft power of the engine and are less efficient than turbochargers. However, in applications for which engine response and power are more important than other considerations, such as top-fuel dragsters and vehicles used in tractor pulling competitions, mechanically driven superchargers are very common.
The thermal efficiency, or fraction of the fuel/air energy that is converted to output power, is less with a mechanically driven supercharger than with a turbocharger, because turbochargers use energy from the exhaust gas that would normally be wasted. For this reason, both economy and the power of a turbocharged engine are usually better than with superchargers.
Turbochargers suffer (to a greater or lesser extent) from so-called turbo-spool (turbo lag; more correctly, boost lag), in which initial acceleration from low RPM is limited by the lack of sufficient exhaust gas mass flow (pressure). Once engine RPM is sufficient to raise the turbine RPM into its designed operating range, there is a rapid increase in power, as higher turbo boost causes more exhaust gas production, which spins the turbo yet faster, leading to a belated "surge" of acceleration. This makes the maintenance of smoothly increasing RPM far harder with turbochargers than with engine-driven superchargers, which apply boost in direct proportion to the engine RPM. The main advantage of an engine with a mechanically driven supercharger is better throttle response, as well as the ability to reach full-boost pressure instantaneously. With the latest turbocharging technology and direct gasoline injection, throttle response on turbocharged cars is nearly as good as with mechanically powered superchargers, but the existing lag time is still considered a major drawback, especially considering that the vast majority of mechanically driven superchargers are now driven off clutched pulleys, much like an air compressor.
Turbocharging has been more popular than superchargers among auto manufacturers owing to better power and efficiency. For instance Mercedes-Benz and Mercedes-AMG previously had supercharged "Kompressor" offerings in the early 2000s such as the C230K, C32 AMG, and S55 AMG, but they have abandoned that technology in favor of turbocharged engines released around 2010 such as the C250 and S65 AMG biturbo. However, Audi did introduce its 3.0 TFSI supercharged V6 in 2009 for its A6, S4, and Q7, while Jaguar has its supercharged V8 engine available as a performance option in the XJ, XF, XKR, and F-Type, and, via joint ownership by Tata motors, in the Range Rover also.
In the 1985 and 1986 World Rally Championships, Lancia ran the Delta S4, which incorporated both a belt-driven supercharger and exhaust-driven turbocharger. The design used a complex series of bypass valves in the induction and exhaust systems as well as an electromagnetic clutch so that, at low engine speeds, boost was derived from the supercharger. In the middle of the rev range, boost was derived from both systems, while at the highest revs the system disconnected drive from the supercharger and isolated the associated ducting. This was done in an attempt to exploit the advantages of each of the charging systems while removing the disadvantages. In turn, this approach brought greater complexity and impacted on the car's reliability in WRC events, as well as increasing the weight of engine ancillaries in the finished design.
The Volkswagen TSI engine (or Twincharger) is a 1.4-litre direct-injection motor that also uses both a supercharger and turbocharger.
Superchargers are a natural addition to aircraft piston engines that are intended for operation at high altitudes. As an aircraft climbs to higher altitude, air pressure and air density decreases. The output of a piston engine drops because of the reduction in the mass of air that can be drawn into the engine. For example, the air density at 30,000 ft (9,100 m) is 1⁄3 of that at sea level, thus only 1⁄3 of the amount of air can be drawn into the cylinder, with enough oxygen to provide efficient combustion for only a third as much fuel. So, at 30,000 ft (9,100 m), only 1⁄3 of the fuel burnt at sea level can be burnt. (An advantage of the decreased air density is that the airframe experiences only about 1/3 of the aerodynamic drag. Plus, there is decreased back pressure on the exhaust gases. On the other hand, more energy is consumed holding an airplane up with less air in which to generate lift.)
A supercharger compresses the air back to sea-level-equivalent pressures, or even much higher, in order to make the engine produce just as much power at cruise altitude as it does at sea level. With the reduced aerodynamic drag at high altitude and the engine still producing rated power, a supercharged airplane can fly much faster at altitude than a naturally aspirated one. The pilot controls the output of the supercharger with the throttle and indirectly via the propeller governor control. Since the size of the supercharger is chosen to produce a given amount of pressure at high altitude, the supercharger is oversized for low altitude. The pilot must be careful with the throttle and watch the manifold pressure gauge to avoid overboosting at low altitude. As the aircraft climbs and the air density drops, the pilot must continuously open the throttle in small increments to maintain full power. The altitude at which the throttle reaches full open and the engine is still producing full rated power is known as the critical altitude. Above the critical altitude, engine power output will start to drop as the aircraft continues to climb.
Effects of temperature
As discussed above, supercharging can cause a spike in temperature, and extreme temperatures will cause detonation of the fuel-air mixture and damage to the engine. In the case of aircraft, this causes a problem at low altitudes, where the air is both denser and warmer than at high altitudes. With high ambient air temperatures, detonation could start to occur with the manifold pressure gauge reading far below the red line.
A supercharger optimized for high altitudes causes the opposite problem on the intake side of the system. With the throttle retarded to avoid overboosting, air temperature in the carburetor can drop low enough to cause ice to form at the throttle plate. In this manner, enough ice could accumulate to cause engine failure, even with the engine operating at full rated power. For this reason, many supercharged aircraft featured a carburetor air temperature gauge or warning light to alert the pilot of possible icing conditions.
Two-speed and two-stage superchargers
In the 1930s, two-speed drives were developed for superchargers. These provided more flexibility for the operation of the aircraft, although they also entailed more complexity of manufacturing and maintenance. The gears connected the supercharger to the engine using a system of hydraulic clutches, which were initially manually engaged or disengaged by the pilot with a control in the cockpit. At low altitudes, the low-speed gear would be used in order to keep the manifold temperatures low. At around 12,000 feet (3,700 m), when the throttle was full forward and the manifold pressure started to drop off, the pilot would retard the throttle and switch to the higher gear, then readjust the throttle to the desired manifold pressure. Later installations automated the gear change according to atmospheric pressure.
Another enhancement was the use of two compressors (also known as stages) in series, such two-stage superchargers were also always two-speed. After the air was compressed in the low-pressure stage, the air flowed through an intercooler radiator where it was cooled before being compressed again by the high-pressure stage and then possibly also aftercooled in another heat exchanger. Two-stage compressors provided much improved high altitude performance, as typified by the Rolls-Royce Merlin powered Supermarine Spitfire Mk IX and the North American Mustang. In some two-stage systems, damper doors would be opened or closed by the pilot in order to bypass one stage as needed. Some systems had a cockpit control for opening or closing a damper to the intercooler/aftercooler, providing another way to control temperature. Rolls-Royce Merlin engines had fully automated boost control and all the pilot had to do was advance the throttle, the control system would limit boost as necessary until maximum altitude was reached.
A mechanically driven supercharger has to take its drive power from the engine. Taking a single-stage single-speed supercharged engine, such as the Rolls-Royce Merlin, for instance, the supercharger uses up about 150 hp (110 kW). Without a supercharger, the engine could produce about 750 horsepower (560 kilowatts), but with a supercharger, it produces about 1,000 hp (750 kW)—an increase of about 400 hp (750 - 150 + 400 = 1000 hp), or a net gain of 250 hp (190 kW). This is where the principal disadvantage of a supercharger becomes apparent. The engine has to burn extra fuel to provide power to drive the supercharger. The increased air density during the input cycle increases the specific power of the engine and its power-to-weight ratio, but at the cost of an increase in the specific fuel consumption of the engine. In addition to increasing the cost of running the airplane this has the potential to reduce its overall range. On the other hand, with more engine power the airplane can carry more fuel. In military types, this has often been done using external drop tanks, for example in the American P-38 Lightning, P-47 Thunderbolt, P-51 Mustang, and F6F Hellcat fighter planes.
With their external fuel tanks and supercharged or turbocharged engines, the P-38 and the P-51 could fly from England to Berlin and back, the P-47 could fly from England to the Ruhr and back, and the F6F had the longest range of any fighter based on aircraft carriers of the war. Also, the P-51 could fly even further - from Iwo Jima to Tokyo and back. These ranges were much longer than those of any Nazi German, British, Japanese, Canadian, or Soviet fighter planes of World War II. These American fighters also had excellent fighting performance at high altitudes.
As opposed to a supercharger driven by the engine itself, a turbocharger is driven using the exhaust gases from the engines. The amount of power in the gas is proportional to the difference between the exhaust pressure and air pressure, and this difference increases with altitude, helping a turbocharged engine to compensate for changing altitude.
The majority of high-altitude aircraft engines used during World War II used mechanically driven superchargers, because these had three significant manufacturing advantages over turbochargers. Turbochargers - used by large American aircraft engines such as the Allison V-1710 (used in the P-38) and the Pratt & Whitney R-2800, required additional ducting expensive high-temperature metal alloys in the gas turbine and preturbine section of the exhaust system, but they were very useful in high-altitude bombers and some fighter planes. The size of the ducting alone was a serious problem. For example, both the F4U Corsair and the P-47 Thunderbolt used the same multicylinder radial engine, but the large barrel-shaped fuselage of the P-47 was needed because of the amount of ducting to and from the turbocharger in the rear fuselage. The F4U used a two-stage supercharger with compact intercooler layout.
Turbocharged piston engines are also subject to many of the same operating restrictions as those of gas turbine engines. Turbocharged engines also require frequent inspections of their turbochargers and exhaust systems to search for possible damage caused by the extreme heat and pressure of the turbochargers. Such damage was a prominent problem in the early models of the American B-29 Superfortress high-altitude bombers used in the Pacific Theater of Operations during 1944–45.
Turbocharged piston engines continued to be used in a large number of postwar airplanes, such as the B-50 Superfortress, the KC-97 Stratofreighter, the Boeing Stratoliner, the Lockheed Constellation, and the C-124 Globemaster II.
In more recent times most aircraft engines for general aviation (light airplanes) are naturally aspirated, but the smaller number of modern aviation piston engines designed to run at high altitudes use turbocharger or turbo-normalizer systems, instead of a supercharger driven from the crank shafts. The change in thinking is largely due to economics. Aviation gasoline was once plentiful and cheap, favoring the simple but fuel-hungry supercharger. As the cost of fuel has increased, the ordinary supercharger has fallen out of favor. Also, depending on what monetary inflation factor one uses, fuel costs have not decreased as fast as production and maintenance costs have.
Effects of fuel octane rating
Until the late 1920s all automobile and aviation fuel was generally rated at 87 octane or less. This is the rating that was achieved by the simple distillation of "light crude" oil. Engines from around the world were designed to work with this grade of fuel, which set a limit to the amount of boosting that could be provided by the supercharger, while maintaining a reasonable compression ratio.
Octane rating boosting through additives was a line of research being explored at the time. Using these techniques, less valuable crude could still supply large amounts of useful gasoline, which made it a valuable economic process. However, the additives were not limited to making poor-quality oil into 87-octane gasoline; the same additives could also be used to boost the gasoline to much higher octane ratings.
Higher-octane fuel resists auto ignition and detonation better than does low-octane fuel. As a result, the amount of boost supplied by the superchargers could be increased, resulting in an increase in engine output. The development of 100-octane aviation fuel, pioneered in the USA before the war, enabled the use of higher boost pressures to be used on high-performance aviation engines, and was used to develop extremely high-power outputs – for short periods – in several of the pre-war speed record airplanes. Operational use of the new fuel during World War II began in early 1940 when 100-octane fuel was delivered to the British Royal Air Force from refineries in America and the East Indies. The German Luftwaffe also had supplies of a similar fuel.
Increasing the knocking limits of existing aviation fuels became a major focus of aero engine development during World War II. By the end of the war, fuel was being delivered at a nominal 150-octane rating, on which late-war aero engines like the Rolls-Royce Merlin 66 or the Daimler-Benz DB 605DC developed as much as 2,000 hp (1,500 kW).
- Boost gauge
- History of the internal combustion engine
- Jet engine
- Naturally aspirated engine
- Ram-air intake
- "''"The Turbosupercharger and the Airplane Power Plant"''". Rwebs.net. 1943-12-30. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- Ian McNeil, ed. (1990). Encyclopedia of the History of Technology. London: Routledge. pp. 315–321. ISBN 0-203-19211-7.
- "Forgotten Hero: The man who invented the two-stroke engine". David Boothroyd, The VU. Archived from the original on 2004-12-15. Retrieved 2005-01-19.
- Georgano, G.N. (1982). The new encyclopedia of motorcars 1885 to the present (ed.3. ed.). New York: Dutton. p. 415. ISBN 0-525-93254-2.
- "TECHNOLOGY - Whipple Superchargers". whipplesuperchargers.com. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- Twin-screw vs. Centrifugal Supercharging Kenne Bell
- "1923 Mercedes 6/25/40 hq". mercedes-benz-classic.com/content. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- "Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and the "Grandfather Clock"". benzinsider.com/2008. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- "1923 Miller 122 Supercharged". sportscarmarket.com. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- "History of Sunbeam cars". rootes-chrysler.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- "Automobiles Delage, Courbevoie-sur-Seine". kolumbus.fi/leif.snellman. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- "D&W Performance Air Induction - Performance Products to Increase Vehicle Performance". Dwperformance.com. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
- Smallwood 1995, p.133.
- Northrop 1955, p.111
- Payton-Smith 1971, pp. 259–260.
- Mankau and Petrick 2001, pp. 24–29.
- Griehl 1999, p. 8.
- Price, 1982. p. 170.
- Berger & Street, 1994. p. 199.
- Mermet 1999, pp. 14–17.
- Mermet 1999, p. 48.
- White, Graham. Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States during World War II. Warrendale, Penn: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.; Shrewsbury, England: Airlife Publishing Ltd.; 1995. ISBN 1-56091-655-9, ISBN 1-85310-734-4.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Superchargers.|
- How Superchargers Work by Bill Harris at HowStuffWorks.com.
- Vintage Superchargers (via archive.org)
- He Harnessed a Tornado – and developed a modern airplane supercharger, a large article from Popular Science, June 1941.
- The History of Screw Compressors by Whipple Superchargers.
- "Development of the Aircraft Supercharger" a 1943 Flight article | <urn:uuid:486c9b62-12f5-42c8-b370-1e4132f8bb07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Supercharger.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.938529 | 6,860 | 3.5625 | 4 |
The UK looks set to leave the EU as Prime Minister Theresa May pushes ahead with the leaving process.
The majority of Glasgow voted 'no' in the June referendum, but Brexit remains the hot topic - although technically, the official process of leaving the EU hasn't started yet.
Theresa May said on Monday that she will be triggering Article 50 on Wednesday, March 29.
But what is Article 50 and what will happen next?
We take a look at all the questions you might have in the current political climate ...
What is Article 50?
Article 50 is a plan that any country that wishes to exit the European Union must follow.
It was created as part of the Lisbon treaty - an agreement which was signed by all the EU states in 2007 and which came into force in 2009.
Before this treaty there was no formal way for a state to leave the EU.
On Monday, Theresa May announced she will formally begin proceedings next Wednesday.
In order to trigger Article 50 the PM will send a letter to the President of the European Union - Donald Tusk, who is also the former President of Poland.
The two-year process means Britain should officially be out of the EU no later than April, 2019.
The UK voted for Brexit in June 2016, why is the Prime Minister only starting the process now?
The Leave victory in the referendum led to David Cameron's downfall as Prime Minister and he said the decision on Article 50 should be left to his successor.
Theresa May set the end of March 2017 as her preferred deadline, allowing the government time to make preparations for the talks.
Her hands were also tied, after the government lost a legal battle, which ruled she had to wait until Parliament gave her permission to start the Brexit process.
What happens once Article 50 is triggered?
The terms of the exit will be negotiated, they will be overseen by Theresa May and led by David Davis, the Secretary for State for Exiting the EU.
Topics of discussion will include:
The UK is currently part of the single market - this is an agreement designed to make it easier for countries in the EU to buy and sell things with one another.
But once the UK leaves the EU this will no longer be case, according to the PM.
The UK and the EU will need to work out how they do business together once it is no longer a member state.
There are currently around three million people from the EU living, working or studying in the UK and around two million Brits doing the same in other EU countries.
Leaders will need to decide whether these people will be able to stay where they are or if this will change.
As it stands British laws and European laws are closely connected. The UK will need to decide and negotiate which ones it wants to keep and which ones it doesn't. This may take some time given how linked they are.
So is the UK is still in the EU?
There is still a lot of work to be done on a "divorce agreement" unpicking decades of co-operation between the UK and the EU.
Article 50 states that the treaties relating to EU membership will remain in force until a withdrawal agreement is signed or, failing that, two years from the notification of intent to withdraw.
That two-year deadline can be extended, but only if the other 27 EU leaders unanimously agree to grant extra time.
Can the UK change its mind?
That's a big question, and one with no clear answer, partly because the Article 50 process has never been used before.
Lawyers on both sides in the legal battle through the courts said once Article 50 had been invoked it was irrevocable.
But Lord Kerr - the diplomat who drafted Article 50 - has suggested a country could change its mind.
EU President Donald Tusk has also suggested that abandoning Brexit could be an option, claiming that other EU leaders would be sympathetic and "if we have a chance to reverse this negative process, we will find allies". | <urn:uuid:a4127635-25f8-4a29-ae04-904eb23cb90b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/brexit-what-article-50-triggered-12780868 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.977613 | 830 | 2.4375 | 2 |
47 loops of my voice, some time stretched, each loop a different length. For every loop there is one speaker.
The volume of each track for each speaker changes by an automated mix. The starting point of each loop is random, and as they move towards each other, endless new combinations can occur.
As the title indicates, the basic ingredients for these tracks are 47 layered and looped recordings of Michel's own voice - and since each loop has a different length the result is a choral work in endless variations in which the same combination of fragments will hardly ever be repeated (a generative music principle often used by Brian Eno).
Although the originating process and the philosophical fundaments may differ, those of you that paid attention at experimental music history class will probably immediately recognise "The Great Learning, Paragraph 7 " as composed and performed by Cornelius Cardew and the Scratch Orchestra in 1971 - a piece that Banabila acknowledges to be one his greatest musical influences ever.
The result is "MltVz9" - a mesmerisingly calm vocal ocean, whispering messages probably only your subconscience will understand...
But it does not stop there.
The second version of this track repeats the process but with the loops heavily processed and mutilated, feeling like washes of instrumental noise unrelated to human vocal. Next, the album concludes with a mix of these two versions, in which the voices seemingly struggle with their unnatural counterparts.
Throughout his work, Michel Banabila has always been experimenting with all aspects of the human voice. This album is his ultimate hommage to the composer and the musical score he has admired for all his life. (Peter van Cooten - 04-18-2013).
"Een biologerend hoorspel dat zich als een ambientalbum laat beluisteren." (JanWIllem Broek) | <urn:uuid:39c30a84-41a2-4057-a1b3-35c37599f815> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://banabila.bandcamp.com/album/47-voice-loops | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.923079 | 403 | 1.640625 | 2 |
A team of physicists from Germany, the US and the UK managed to observe the motion of electrons from one atomically thin layer into an adjacent one with nanoscale spatial resolution. The new contact-free nanoscopy concept, which shows great potential for investigations into conducting, nonconducting and superconducting materials, will be introduced in the new volume of the science journal Nature Photonics.
Nanotechnology sometimes still sounds like science fiction, but is already an integral part of modern electronics in our computers, smart phones or cars. The size of electronic components, like transistors or diodes has reached the nanoscale, corresponding to only one millionth of a millimeter. This makes conventional optical microscopes no longer sufficient for inspecting these nanostructures. To develop innovative future nanotechnology, scientists have replaced the optical microscope with much more sophisticated concepts, such as electron or scanning tunneling microscopy. However, these techniques use electrons instead of light, which can influence the properties of the nanoscale devices. Furthermore, these important measurement techniques are limited to electrically conducting samples.
A team of physicists around Rupert Huber and Jaroslav Fabian at the Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN) at Universität Regensburg together with colleagues Tyler Cocker from Michigan State University, USA, and Jessica Boland from the University of Manchester, UK, have introduced a new technique, which can resolve electron motion on the nanoscale without needing to be electrically contacted. Better still, the new method also reaches unbelievable time resolution as good as one quadrillionth of a second (the femtosecond timescale). Combining these extreme spatial and temporal resolutions makes the recording of slow-motion movies of ultrafast electron dynamics on the nanoscale possible.
The concept behind the technique works similar to contactless payment (Chipcard, Phone, Scanner), which has become an increasingly common component in our lives since the start of the pandemic. These payment methods are based on established frequencies and protocols on the macroscale such as Near Field Communication (NFC). Here, the scientists transferred this idea down to the nanoscale by using a sharp metallic tip as a nano-antenna, which is brought close to the investigated sample. In contrast to the aforementioned established techniques, where tips are used to drive a current through the sample, the new concept uses a weak alternating electric field to scan the sample contactlessly. The frequency used in the experiments is boosted to the terahertz spectral range, approximately 100,000 times higher than the one used in NFC scanners. Minute changes in these weak electric fields allow for precise conclusions about the local electron motion within the material. Combining the measurements with a realistic quantum theory shows that the concept even allows for quantitative results. In order to achieve high temporal resolution additionally, the physicists used extremely short light pulses to record crisp snapshots of the movement of electrons over nanometer distances.
The team chose a sample of a new material class called transition metal dichalcogenides, which can be produced in atomically thin layers, as their first test sample. When these sheets are stacked under freely chosen angles, new artificial solids emerge with novel material properties, which are prominently investigated in the Collaborative Research Center 1277 in Regensburg. The sample under study was made from two different atomically thin dichalcogenides to test the centerpiece of a futuristic solar cell. When shining green light onto the structure, charge carriers emerge that will move in one or the other direction depending on their polarity – the basic principle of a solar cell, which converts light into electricity. The ultrafast charge separation was observed by the scientists in time as well as in space with nanometer precision. To their surprise, the charge separation even works reliably when the dichalcogenide layers lay over tiny impurities like a mini carpet – important insights to optimize these new materials for the future use in solar cells or computer chips.
The researchers are exhilarated by their insightful results. “We can’t wait to videotape further fascinating charge transfer processes in insulating, conducting and superconducting materials.”, explains Markus Plankl, first author of the publication. Postdoctoral colleague and co-author Thomas Siday adds: ”Insights on the ultrafast transport on the relevant length and timescales will help us to understand how tunneling shapes the functionalities in a wide range of condensed matter systems.” Besides nanostructures in physics, previously elusive quantum processes in biological systems can now be accessed. These results reflect the increasing focus of researchers from biology, chemistry and physics at the University of Regensburg towards ultrafast nanoscopy, which led to the approval of the new Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN). The RUN building, which is currently under construction on the University campus, should provide the optimal environment for such an interdisciplinary exploration of the nanocosm.
Prof. Dr. Rupert Huber
Chair for Experimental and Applied Physics
Telefon: 0941 943-2071
Prof. Dr. Jaroslav Fabian
Chair for theoretical Physics
M. Plankl, P. E. Faria Junior, F. Mooshammer, T. Siday, M. Zizlsperger, F. Sandner, F. Schiegl, S. Maier, M. A. Huber, M. Gmitra, J. Fabian, J. L. Boland, T. L. Cocker and R. Huber, „Subcycle contact-free nanoscopy of ultrafast interlayer transport in atomically thin heterostructures“, Nature Photonics (2021) DOI: 10.1038/s41566-021-00813-y https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00813-y
Merkmale dieser Pressemitteilung:
Physik / Astronomie
Forschungsergebnisse, Wissenschaftliche Publikationen
Sie können Suchbegriffe mit und, oder und / oder nicht verknüpfen, z. B. Philo nicht logie.
Verknüpfungen können Sie mit Klammern voneinander trennen, z. B. (Philo nicht logie) oder (Psycho und logie).
Zusammenhängende Worte werden als Wortgruppe gesucht, wenn Sie sie in Anführungsstriche setzen, z. B. „Bundesrepublik Deutschland“.
Die Erweiterte Suche können Sie auch nutzen, ohne Suchbegriffe einzugeben. Sie orientiert sich dann an den Kriterien, die Sie ausgewählt haben (z. B. nach dem Land oder dem Sachgebiet).
Haben Sie in einer Kategorie kein Kriterium ausgewählt, wird die gesamte Kategorie durchsucht (z.B. alle Sachgebiete oder alle Länder). | <urn:uuid:6b8510be-54f4-4fe8-9696-6f94aab014cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://idw-online.de/de/news768590 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.711912 | 1,645 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Scientists conducted an experiment by asking three groups of volunteers to drink and get healthy.
German scientists gathered volunteers and asked them to get drunk for science. The experiment was to calculate which of the three groups of subjects in the morning after the “drinking” will have the fewest symptoms of a hangover.
It was decided to treat the volunteers in three ways. The first group received a solution of herbs:
– Extracts of ginger root, Barbados cherry, opuntia cactus, ginkgo biloba, willow, magnesium, potassium, sodium bicarbonate, zinc, riboflavin, thiamine and folic acid, along with steviolglycosides and inulin. That’s what the study, published by MedicalXpress, said.
The second group received a glucose solution but no herbs, and the third group received a placebo.
The luckiest people in the first group were the most awake in the morning. The number of those who vomited was 42% lower than those in the other groups. Thirty-two percent fewer people had headaches.
Feelings of indifference decreased by an average of 27% and anxiety by 41%, the study said.
The scientists could not explain this effect, but they realized that the reason was due to natural flavonoid compounds of medicinal herbs.
Colleagues of German scientists are struggling to create alcohol that does not cause hangovers.
But scientists from Britain have created alcohol that does not cause intoxication and does not lead to a hangover.
David Nutt, professor at Imperial College London and researcher at Hammersmith Hospital, has already cheered up the consumers and promised that this wonder drink will be available in the next five years.
David Nutt managed to develop an alcohol that did not cause intoxication but still made it possible to feel a state of intoxication.
But here’s the problem: the novelty has a very significant drawback. The alcohol called Alcarelle does not taste very pleasant. However, the scientist continues to work on the formula of the liquid and hopes to improve its taste over time.
At the moment, the liquor is being tested for safety. | <urn:uuid:6ca3d965-291c-43ad-80c7-5b48f4152827> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://veganandexoticfood.com/2022/03/germans-found-a-natural-cure-for-hangovers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968398 | 448 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Restorative practices support a participative notion of justice, that favours reintegration over retribution and punishment. As such, by investing in the youths' bond to the community and in a process that stimulates assumption of responsibility, restorative practices may prove particularly appropriate to integrate the best interest of the child in the justice process.
Furthermore, this research, through its definite regional connotation, was designed to stress the common denominator of practices that vary considerably from one European country to the other. In particular, the traditional focus on a children´s rights perspective, that prevails in European and EU standards, and that includes both the rights of the offender and the victim.
The project, carried out by the IJJO's European Council for Juvenile Justice, provided for three main outputs, in the form of the following final publications:
Research and Selection of the Most Effective Juvenile Restorative Justice Practices in Europe: Snapshots from 28 EU Member States
The team of experts from Greisfwald University, composed of Professor Frieder Dunkel and Doctor Andrea Parosanu, were in charge of the analysis of existing restorative practices across the 28 EU Member States, reviewed in the 28 final national snapshots. The research investigated the various factors that contribute to the effectiveness of restorative justice, taking into account: the legal bases that, in each country, trigger the access and use to restorative practices; the organisational framework and the attribution of responsibilities that determine the delivery of restorative measures; the implementation of restorative justice in practice; and finally the evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of restorative measures.
Protecting Rights, Restoring Respect and Strengthening Relationships: European Model for Restorative Justice with Children and Young People
The European Model, which analyses good restorative practices, and key features of effectiveness, is based on the research conducted by a team of experts in the field of restorative justice. The experts also investigated the use of restorative measures through three case studies: Belgium, Finland and Northern Ireland. Tim Chapman, Course Director of the Restorative Practices Masters at the University of Ulster, coordinated the overall project. Maija Sisko Gellin, Finnish Forum for Mediation, who has extensive experience of mediation with young people both in schools and the criminal justice system, supported the practice model, in particular through knowledge of the juvenile restorative justice system in Finland. Monique Anderson, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, also supported the practice model, calling on her experiences with the juvenile restorative justice system in Belgium.
Toolkit for Professionals: Implementing a European Model for Restorative Justice with Children and Young People
Finally, the Toolkit was realised under the direction of the same research team that produced the Model. This final publication was designed to allow for clear and efficient implementation of the principles and methods illustrated in the Model, and is devised for practitioners of restorative justice and justice professionals, in order to diffuse effective practices.
This publication is also available in the following languages: | <urn:uuid:84998b08-ef7c-47cb-a82c-fdca2d5e4de7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oijj.org/nuestro-trabajo/investigacion/proyectos-destacados/european-research-on-restorative-jj | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934863 | 612 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Saturday 09 April - Sunday 10 July 2022
This intriguing, family friendly, hands-on science exhibition from Museums Victoria is based on Lewis Carroll’s well-known Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
Just as Alice’s curiosity led her to follow the white rabbit, children are invited to journey down a rabbit hole to explore the way they perceive and make sense of the world around them.
Activities bring basic science concepts of optics and illusions, word play, physics and maths to life for 3 - 8 year olds and their families.
Tickets are available for purchase at the door. (Please note: online pre-booked tickets and Dine & Discover vouchers are not available for this exhibition) | <urn:uuid:ba91b9fc-c09c-423b-b624-ff065b411d77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newcastlemuseum.com.au/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/archives/2022/alice-s-wonderland | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.925486 | 146 | 3 | 3 |
There are over 50 eyewitness reports of a fireball seen over the southern California desert at 7:50 PM Pacific Daylight Time (2021 March 21 2:50 UTC). Analysis of these reports indicates that the meteor was first spotted 60 miles above Church Dome in the Sequoia National Forest northeast of Bakersfield. It moved south of east at 86,000 miles per hour before ablating 43 miles above Goldstone, traveling a total distance of 87 miles in just under 4 seconds.
|Date (UTC)||March 21, 2021|
|Chicken Little Start Lat/Lon||+35.826, -118.268|
|Chicken Little End Lat/Lon||+35.350, -116.866|
|Chicken Little Altitude||96.8 km → 69.9 km ( 60.2 miles→ 43.4 miles)|
|Chicken Little Speed||38.5 km/s (86,100 mph)| | <urn:uuid:a839594d-6513-4fdb-bad5-5b2ae47ee2c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fireballs.ndc.nasa.gov/skyfalls/events/20210321-025000 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.827159 | 230 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Federal nuclear waste regulators issued a report that continued their support of a proposed project to store spent nuclear fuel at a remote location in the desert of southeast New Mexico, despite continued opposition from state and federal elected officials from that state.
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued its final environmental impact statement Wednesday for a project proposed by New Jersey-based Holtec International, seeking to allay concerns that the facility would impact nearby oil and gas drilling or agriculture and recommending a federal license be issued.
Approval of the 40-year license would follow a subsequent safety review of the plans expected in January 2023, that would consider any potential harm to people the facility could cause.
It would allow the first of 20 stages of the project to begin, storing initially about 8,000 metric tons of the waste, with plans to ultimately store up to 100,000 metric tons.
The project would see Holtec store spent nuclear fuel rods shipped to an about 1,000-acre plot of land in southeast New Mexico via rail from power plants around the country and hold them temporarily while a permanent repository is developed.
A permanent facility does not exist in the U.S. after such a proposal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada was discontinued following opposition from state leaders.
In the report, the NRC contended it consulted with federal, state and Indigenous leaders in New Mexico in issuing the report, while also considering comments submitted by residents throughout the state on the project and a draft of the report published last year.
“Based on its environmental review, the NRC staff recommendation is issuance of a license to Holtec authorizing the initial phase of the project, subject to the determinations in the staff’s safety review of the application,” read the report.
Construction of the facility would have “small” impacts, the report read, occurring on about 330 acres and entailing mitigation of disturbed areas the NRC reported Holtec committed to in its application by restoring native vegetation and fencing off the area to protect adjacent lands.
The NRC reported there was “abundant” open land around the site for grazing that would suffice when the land for the project was closed off during construction and operation of the site.
A cut away of a cask used by Holtec international to transport spent nuclear fuel
This would also reduce impacts to recreation in the area, along with nearby potash mining, the report read, although the report speculated additional mining in the area was unlikely due to the recent market for the mineral.
The site would also “minimally” impact oil and gas extraction while it was being built and while in operation, the report read, as fossil fuel reserves would still be accessible for both vertical and horizontal drilling.
Storage casks of the nuclear fuel rods would be stored in silos extending about 40 feet deep, per the proposal, while oil and gas is typically extracted at depths thousands of feet underground.
Transportation of the waste to the Holtec site would also have “small” impacts,” the NRC reported, as workers would be exposed to no more than 2.5 rems of radiation annually, compared to the 0.32 rems the NRC estimated the average person receives every year.
The exact routes the waste would take from generator sites was undetermined, per the report, at the time of the NRC's analysis.
The NRC reported similar doses would be received during operations of the facility.
Nuclear waste project, report slammed by New Mexico leadership
New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham hoped similar opposition from her state would prevent the project from continuing, arguing it posed risks to public safety and other industries in the area.
Her stance was followed by a lawsuit filed last year by New Mexico Attorney General Hector Balderas against the NRC, aiming to block the project via court order.
The case against the NRC was dismissed in March by U.S. District Judge James O. Browning for the District of New Mexico who asserted the court did not have jurisdiction to rule in the matter, which fell to the U.S. Court of Appeals.
No such case was filed in U.S. appellate courts, records show.
The proposed site for the facility in the Permian Basin, the U.S.’ most active oilfield that also provides more than a third of New Mexico’s budget.
Lujan Grisham condemned the NRC’s latest report as ignoring fears from leaders that it could threaten that economic driver and the desires of the people of New Mexico.
“Despite my strong objections and concerns over public health, economic, scientific, natural resource and environmental justice – and those of tribal leaders, local governments, and the people of New Mexico – the NRC is effectively choosing profit over public interest,” Lujan Grisham said in a statement.
She worried the project, proposed and designed as a temporary measure could become permanent, placing the risks of nuclear waste solely on New Mexico’s shoulders.
Lujan Grisham called for lawmakers during their upcoming session starting in January to produce legislation that could block the project from coming to fruition.
“The state of New Mexico will not become a dumping ground for the nation’s spent nuclear fuel due to Congress’s failure to identify a permanent disposal solution for commercial nuclear waste,” she said.
“My message to the state Legislature is clear: deliver a proposal to my desk that protects New Mexico from becoming the de facto home of the country’s spent nuclear fuel and it will have my full support.”
Such legislation does exist in Congress where two New Mexico Democrats U.S. Sen. Martin Heinrich and U.S. Rep. Teresa Leger Fernandez partnered with Texas Republicans U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz and U.S. Rep. August Pfluger in a rare moment of party unity to prevent high-level nuclear waste storage in their states.
A similar proposal at the Interim Storage Partners facility in Andrews, Texas at the New Mexico-Texas border received a license from the NRC last year, and received condemnation from leaders in the state due to concerns similar to New Mexico’s.
The bill would block federal funds from supporting any interim storage site of nuclear fuel, nationwide, by a private company.
“New Mexicans didn’t sign up for this type of interim storage in their backyards. This decision from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission reinforces why we need to find a permanent repository and the importance of consent-based siting,” Heinrich said. “Private facilities shouldn’t be railroading states.”
U.S. Rep. Melanie Stansbury, a co-sponsor of the bill who represents the state’s First Congressional District mostly comprising of urban centers Albuquerque and Santa in northern New Mexico, argued that despite the assertions in the NRC’s report, the project posed a danger to New Mexicans.
She also pointed to New Mexico’s legacy of bearing the hazards, Stansbury said, of the nuclear industry, which includes the site where the first nuclear bombs were tested at the Trinity Site near Alamogordo, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant repository for transuranic (TRU) nuclear waste near Carlsbad and uranium mining throughout the state.
Southeast New Mexico also hosts the URENCO uranium enrichment plant in Eunice.
The state does not contain any nuclear power plants that generate the kind of waste Holtec desires to store.
“For far too long New Mexico’s communities have borne the unequal costs of nuclear waste,” Stansbury said. “I disagree with the findings of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's environmental impact statement." | <urn:uuid:88dd5d50-d5da-4880-8aa7-d0e0b0b1a644> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/in-the-news/why-does-the-federal-government-say-nuclear-waste-is-safe-for-new-mexico-despite-objections | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.961866 | 1,606 | 2.1875 | 2 |
SmartIR is a component for controlling AC units, TV sets and fans via Infrared and RF controllers. An IR or RF controller such as Broadlink is required.
The key features of the component are:
- Support for Base64, Broadlink Hex and Pronto codes.
- Support for external temperature and humidity sensors (Climate platform)
- Support for external on/off sensor that monitors whether your device is actually On or Off. This may be a power monitor sensor.
- Support for voice assistants.
Component setup instructions
- Create a directory
custom_componentsin your Home Assistant configuration directory.
smartirfrom this project including all files and sub-directories into the directory
It should look similar to this after installation:
.homeassistant/ |- custom_components/ | |- smartir/ | |- __init__.py | |- climate.py | |-- fan.py | |- media_player.py | |- etc...
- Add the following to your configuration.yaml file.
Platforms setup instructions
- Instructions on how to setup the Climate platform
- Instructions on how to setup the Media player platform
- Instructions on how to setup the Fan platform
Update the component
The component will check for updates each time HA is restarted. When there is a new version, a Persistent Notification will appear.
Use the services
smartir.check_updates to manually check for updates and
smartir.update_component to start the automatic update.
If you would like to get update notifications from the rc branch, configure SmartIR as follows:
smartir: update_branch: rc | <urn:uuid:832482b4-51c2-4cb2-838f-97857fa65130> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.home-assistant.io/t/smartir-control-your-climate-tv-and-fan-devices-via-ir-rf-controllers/100798 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.775631 | 359 | 1.789063 | 2 |
When hiring for senior roles, companies put too much stress on stakeholder management skills i.e. ability to navigate through complex stakeholder landscape and manage expectations. I find the ability to form meaningful and impactful partnership a lot more important skill than stakeholdership. So what defines partnership at the workplace and how you use it to hire the people who can create great partnerships and have a long-lasting impact on the course of your company?
Partnerships form when you have individuals who share the same level of passion, intellectual parity and can collaborate to become a force multiplier. A partnership is what creates successful startups and transform them into highly successful companies. A great partnership can transform struggling companies. For examples, Steve Jobs and Tim Cook forged one of the most highly regarded partnerships in tech history and rescued Apple from its death spiral. Similarly, in cricket (sports), teams performance revolves around match-winning partnerships. It is important to note, individual innings do not become great in isolation. In science, the celebrated partnership between James Watson and Francis Crick helped to solve the mystery of DNA structure.
In my career, I have been lucky to have several impactful partnerships. In most cases, people I formed formidable partnership were my peers (such as product directors) or senior executives (such as CDO, CMO), in some cases my director reports (engineering managers, technical leads, architects etc.).
I generally find intellectual parity a key reason why high-calibre individuals come together to form partnerships. For me intellectual parity is demonstrated when two or more people can intellectually converse on the same wavelength, i.e. they can bounce their ideas, thoughts, and create stimulating and passionate dialogues most productively.
A great partnership creates emergent interactions and behaviour where the whole impact of a partnership is significantly greater than the sum of individual abilities. Whereas in stakeholdership, every additional stakeholder makes overall impact significantly lower than mathematical sum of their individual abilities. Steven Jobs Stakeholdership is about keeping stakeholders happy and informed.
A partnership is about trust and complimenting each other's capabilities. So in Apple's story, Tim was an operations wizard and supply chain guru who made Apple a manufacturing powerhouse, whereas Steve was ferociously perfectionist with a great understanding of product and design. Together they created a partnership which multiplied their individual capabilities. Similarly, Watson and Crick were racing against other teams working to determine the structure of DNA but their biggest advantage was how well they complemented each other.
Hire for partnership
My advice - hire people for their ability to form great partnerships. To identify partnership potential, you must involve peers and other key people in the hiring process. More importantly, ask yourself if tomorrow you are starting a new company will you hire the person as co-founder. During interview process, ask candidates to provide examples of impactful partnerships in their professional career. | <urn:uuid:26539e6e-e445-4fd7-b015-0a98f04e7c6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abhishek-tiwari.com/partnership-over-stakeholdership/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95602 | 591 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Tibetan exiles are fighting back against Chinese Cyber War attacks. This is mainly because China's hackers have become easier to identify as they have been getting cocky and careless. This has made many of their victims more determined to defend themselves from the Chinese attacks because now they know they are being hacked and by who. China has long accused India of supporting the separatists in Tibet. India has hosted Tibetan refugees since the first ones came across in the early 1950s, after China invaded and reconquered Tibet (which had been independent since 1914.)
Among the more alert victims are the Tibetan exiles running the CTA (Central Tibetan Administration, formerly the Tibetan government in exile) in India where they are working to regain Tibetan independence. The CTA is headquartered in an Indian hill town (Dharamsala) near the Tibetan border. This is the home of the Dali Lama and widely considered the most hacked (mainly by the Chinese) place on the planet. Since the Chinese hacking activity became more known and understood the CTA staff and supporters are now diligently learning how to neutralize or avoid the Chinese hacking.
The Chinese hacking efforts against the CTA were discovered over the last two years as Internet security researchers found identical bits of code (the human readable text that programmers create and then turn into smaller binary code for computers to use) and techniques for using it in hacking software used against Tibetan independence groups and commercial software sold by some firms in China and known to work for the Chinese military. Similar patterns have been found in hacker code left behind during attacks on American military and corporate networks. The best hackers hide their tracks better than this. The Chinese consider the CTA a major threat to their unpopular rule in Tibet and have been reading CTA email and documents for years. Not so much anymore and that annoys the Chinese a great deal. | <urn:uuid:c3706897-0716-4e98-9990-5297ae058115> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://strategypage.com/htmw/htiw/20140111.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.975763 | 372 | 2.65625 | 3 |
NCAIED 40 Under 40 Awards
March 11, 2023
- Scholarship Description
Recognizing Native American citizens for outstanding leadership and community contributions annually. The 40 Under 40 is a prestigious award which recognizes 40 emerging American Indians from across Indian Country who have demonstrated leadership, initiative, and dedication and made significant contributions in business and/or in their community. Nominee must have been between 18-39 years of age by January 1st of the year the scholarship is awarded.
You may nominate more than one person for this scholarship and you may nominate yourself if you desire. You will need to submit a fully completed nomination form; Three (3) documents supporting the nominee (i.e. professional resume, reference letters, etc.); One (1) Color photograph of nominee (300 dpi – jpg file); Official Tribal enrollment document – mandatory. For more information or to apply, please visit the scholarship provider's website. | <urn:uuid:4f5a5ab7-ede5-4452-a653-66a8c5c8a86e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scholarships.com/financial-aid/college-scholarships/scholarship-directory/deadline/deadline-in-may/ncaied-40-under-40-awards | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933871 | 208 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Assignment on Ethics and Codes of Conduct Report
You have to select a suitable case study related to ICT, Engineering sector or from the given list. The case study is an event or an occurrence of a situation related to ethical and codes of conduct issues. For instance, a newspaper article about a company’s disposal of toxic waste damaging the environment.
You have to research for information related to the topic you have chosen. The research material can be publications, news articles, research papers, books, etc. You have to find the outcomes of the event or occurrence and provide judgement and analysis of the resulting outcome. With this judgement and analysis relate it to the relevant industry sector’s professional code of conduct. Consider two case studies on the selected topic for analysis and comparison. Provide analysis of these two case studies for comparison purpose.
Ethical issues in Australian business
The present report provides an overview of the ethical standards and the code of conducts of the Australia banks. The current report analyses two cases studies related to the violation of the ethical rules and code of conduct. The first one is about the money laundering case in Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA). The second case is related to the customer abuse that included rigging interest rate and improper financial advice and planning by the four great banks of Australia namely Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA), National Australia Bank (NAB), Westpac and Australia and New Zealand Banking Limited (ANZ). The report discusses the violation of the codes and outcome. Finally, suitable recommendations are offered to ensure that such actions can be avoided in future.
Ethics and the code of conduct act as a guide of principles, which is designed to aid the professionals to carry out their business honestly, and with integrity. Code of ethics often acts as a value statement for guiding the behaviour of others and thereby affects the process of decision-making (Davies, 2017). In the banking sector, the code of conduct and the ethics act as the internal guidelines that help in making a commitment for operating legally and at the same time promoting accountability, integrity and honesty. In Australian banking sector, the ethics and the code of conduct guide the employees based on the laws and ensure that all the policies are followed, and the banking products become more customer centred. The present report would analyse two cases related to the violation of the ethical standards in the Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) and the National Australia Bank (NAB), Westpac and Australia and New Zealand Banking Limited (ANZ). The report would examine the code of ethics evaluate the violation and its impact that would offer proper guidelines and recommendation for the future and ensuring that ethics and standards are maintained.
Case study analysis
The present section evaluates the cases related to the violation of the ethics and the standards in the Australian banks. The analysis of the cases would help to provide an understanding of the importance of the ethics and the code of conduct and the ways they can be managed and handled.
Case study 1: Australia's biggest bank hit with record fine for money-laundering scandal
Money laundering refers to the method of developing the appurtenance that a tremendous amount of capital acquired from illegal activity such as terrorist activity, drug trafficking, devised from a genuine source. The money from the unlawful activity is regarded as dirty, and the process launders the cash to make its appearance clean (Madinger, 2016).
In the case study, Scott Morrison has darned the Commonwealth bank for creating risk to national risk after the most significant financial institution of the nation was hit with a record fine of $700 million for breaking the law of anti-money-laundering and counter-terrorism. The most significant penalty in the corporate history of Australia among warnings from the head of fiscal intelligence supervisor (Theaustralian.com.au, 2018).
From 2012 to 2015, CBA (Commonwealth Bank of Australia) failed to report over 53000 doubtful transactions using its ATM to establish on time. Drug mobs laundered money based on the loophole that enabled for large unidentified deposits to the accounts of CBA. It has affected the business practices those are poor, as these are exploited by the criminals to launder the earnings of their crimes. It has affected the daily lives of Australians and placed the community at danger by improving opportunities for bombers to upkeep attacks here and overseas, and allowing ordered crime groups to tout drugs to friends and families. Thus, the criminal activity is not only affecting the financial scenario of Australia, but also the social, environmental, legal and political environment of the nation. It is devastating for the national peace and prosperity of the country. CBA has put the blame of the money laundering on the coding error took place in the computer system that allowed the suspicious transaction (Shane, 2018).
In the words of Masciandaro 2017), it is projected that money launderers scrub equal to $2 trillion per year that accounts to 5% of the GDP of the entire world. The international impact is staggering in economic, social and security terms. Successful money laundering refers to the criminal offences pays off.
Case study 2-Australian Banks abuse of customers
The inquiry of the customer service and the customer advice of the Australian banking sector has helped to make shocking revelations about the abuse of the customers. The investigation has found that the four biggest banks of Australia namely Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA), National Australia Bank (NAB), Westpac and Australia and New Zealand Banking Limited (ANZ) has engaged in a culture of rule-breaking, rigging of interest rates and money laundering. Critics have made it evident that these four leading banks of Australia have taken the customers for granted. AMP, which is the financial services company in Australia and New Zealand, is also accused of ripping off the customers and lying to the regulators who have thrashed their reputation. ANZ, NAB and Westpac are charged for rigging the interest rate and name it as the benchmark rate with the title ‘bank bill swap rate’ (Ft.com, 2018).
The issue of customer abuse and customer negligence has become a significant issue in Australia. The four leading banks of Australia along with AMP has been accused of taking the customers for granted and also abusing them. The primary outcome for this activity is that the heritage brand of AMP has been trashed and the future is quite dark. CBA was accused in the year 2017 for breaching 53,000 anti-money laundering cases. No steps were undertaken by the bank to prevent any money laundering. The consequence for the same was quite severe as the market capitalisation of CBA fell by A$4bn and encouraged the government to enquire regarding the misconducts of the Australian banks. The consequences of the rigging interest by ANZ, NAB and Westpac were quite severe. The Australian Security and Investment Commission (ASIC) has created pressure on these to admit their wrong actions (Capita Finance, 2018).
Considering the actions of the banks and violations of the ethical standards, ASIC requested a deceleration for the outrageous conduct from the court and the financial penalties due to the breaches of the ethical conduct. These banks were charged a penalty that has created an impact on the fiscal year results and clearly generated distrust among the common people.
Ethics and Codes of Conducts in the Australian banking sector
A code of ethics or conducts may develop a framework of the values and mission of the organisation or business; the way professionals need approach problems, the ethical values according to the standards and median values to which the professional is detained. It is a guiding principle developed for helping professionals carrying out business practices with integrity and honesty (Garegnani et al. 2015).
The codes of conducts in Australian banking are as follows (Gettingthedealthrough.com, 2018):
The Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing act 2006 is the main piece of legislation following the deterrence and discovery of money laundering, and terrorism funding permission laws contain part of AML legislative framework of Australia. In this nation, the legislative government for identifying, impeaching and discouraging money-laundering practices contain criminal activities for money laundering at the level of the commonwealth, the territory of the state. It also includes asset recovery laws at these levels and detection and prevention measures, enacted at the Commonwealth level.
The Federal Criminal Code Act 1995 includes a wide variety of criminal practices. Similar offences are present in the territory and state criminal legislation of Australia. The offences vary to areas like pertinent predicate offences, the determination of the perpetrator and disadvantages.
The Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 allows law enforcement for pursuing the asset recovery related to offences after a belief. Each territory and state of Australia also has asset recovery law for money generated by criminal activities.
The Financial Transaction Reports Act 1988 works together with the AML/CRF act. The FTR impose duties on cash traders and lawyers to report essential cash dealings such as A$10000 or above to the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre. It also needs cash dealers proving the find of account parties.
Australia imposes the United Nations Security Council approvals command under the Charter of the United Nations Act 1945 and the Australian autonomous agreements rule under the Autonomous Sanctions Act 2011 and related regulations. The sanction measures contain bans on creating a sanctioned import, an approved supplier, offering approved services, dealing with a nominated person or organisation. Australian sanction laws impose severe criminal offences and forfeit comprise up to 10 years imprisonment and considerable fines.
Australia has inexplicable capital laws at state, territory and Commonwealth level. At the Commonwealth level, the POC Act part 2-6 comprises the unsolved wealth supplies, where goals of the orders must demonstrate on the stability of possibilities that their wealth was not resulting from a crime in contradiction of a law of the commonwealth, an international criminal offence or a state crime that has central feature.
The ethical code of the for the Australian banks stands for an excellent corporate culture that would encourage the management to make proper judgements and generate public trust and confidence in association with fairness and efficiency in the financial market. Transparency and appropriate disclosure is another necessary code of conduct for the Australian banks in which the customers should be offered information and ensured a high level of transparency (Wright and Rwabizambuga, 2006). For ensuring the needs and the demands of the customers, the banking services should adapt services that would address these demands and needs. The code of conduct also stands for creating a culture of the shared values and beliefs that encourage the employees and the management of the banks to work in cooperation. Certain ethical principles stand for business culture, responsibility, and stability, observing laws and acting reasonably and with integrity and act professionally and respectfully (Worthington, 2016).
Code of conduct and analysis of cases
Australia is an attracting place for criminals to conduct their unethical activities because of its developed economic condition and high price associations can control drugs. 70% of the grave and organised crimes are originated or linked to overseas. The CBA is highly criticised by the regulators and politicians for enabling drug-smuggler, gun dealers and distrusted terrorist financiers to use its ATMs for laundering money by the finance system. Thus, the CBA has violated the AML/CTF Act 2006 that focuses on the identification and prevention of terrorism financing and money washing. The AML/CTF Act 2006 operates alongside the AML/CTF Rules Instrument 2007.
The act is amended in 2017 that puts responsibilities on digital currency exchange or DCE providers from 2018 3rd April. Under this act, a DCE provider has the following obligations (Lexology.com, 2018):
However, the DCE providers of CBA did not fulfil the responsibilities appropriately due to which the massive case of money laundering took place that led to the record penalty of $700 million. The bank confessed that it failed to follow the regulations for preventing money laundering. Due to the inattentiveness of CBA, it failed to report over 53000 illegal transactions conducted using ATMs and money laundered by Drug gangs. The DCE did not establish an appropriate system for identifying and mitigating risks rated to terrorism financing and managing correctly that resulted into the considerable scandal.
Next comes the FTR 1988 act, which is also not followed by the CBA that could have helped the firm preventing washing of money. The act imposes duties on cash dealers to record and report the transaction of money more than A$100000 to the AUSTRACT. However, due to the ineffective management of the cash dealer in the CBA and coding error that occurred in the computer systems. It allowed terrorist to conduct a large number of illegal transactions that increased the risks of an attack on general people. Hence, CBA accepted the significance of the mistake it did and agreed with the charging fees.
The CBA has also dishonoured the POC Act 2002 that imposes obligations for recovering assets, produced by criminal activities. The law puts stress on the basic principle of repossession regulation. It means individuals, who are involved in illegal activities must not profit from breaching the laws. Property or money obtained from such activities must be seized for stopping the reinvestment of that profit into future unlawful activities. However, the CBA was not focused on identifying the money laundering, and a large number of unlawful transactions carried out using the ATMs of the bank and thus, failed to obey the POC act.
The FCC Act 1995 that comprises of a range of criminal activities including money laundering is also not compiled by the CBA. This act follows the model criminal code developed by the State, Territory and Commonwealth criminal law suggests state discussion. The act includes offences related to dealing with property or money in a way that leads to the enormous risk that the property or money can become a tool of crime in others hands. The law makes it illegal to support terrorism financing and similar activities directly or indirectly (Ag.gov.au, 2018). In the case of CBA, due to the coding error in its computer system, the bank supported the act of money laundering indirectly. It opened ways for the drug gangs to wash off money in a tremendous amount from that bank that they can use for attacks and other illegal offences in the country.
Under the United Nations Act 1945 and Autonomous Sanctions Act 2011, money laundering or generating money illegally may result in substantial fines and ten years of imprisonment. The aim is to support the overseas policy objectives of Australia. It contains arms embargoes, civil aviation restrictions, financial sanctions and export banks of specific commodities (Defence.gov.au, 2018). The CBA failed to prevent the acts of drug gangs, who laundered a considerable amount of money. Using this money, they can expand their drug business even more in Australia and overseas that is against the law. The drug is a commodity that cannot be exported or imported under the law. By infringing the act, CBA conducted criminal offence of money laundering and as a penalty; the bank had to pay a considerable fine. The bank failed to report an incident of the illegal transaction for three years, and the criminals took advantage of the inefficient business practice for conducting unlawful activities. Thus, they are indirectly supported by the bank authority.
The code of conduct and the ethical standards are developed to ensure that the financial organisations of Australia provide the best services to the customers that would help in maximising the contribution of the banks to the economic health of Australia. In the second case study, it has been seen that the four central banks of Australia have violated the established code of conducts. While analysing the case study of CBA, it is seen that CBA is engaged in money laundering and has clearly defined the code of Financial Transaction Reports Act 1988. Austrac claims that the failure of CBA has facilitated crime syndicates. A limit was set for transaction reporting which is A$10,000 but CBA failed to maintain the limit and allowed higher deposit limit to some of the syndicates. The FTR impose duties on cash traders and lawyers to report essential cash dealings such as A$10000 or above to the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre(Capita Finance, 2018). But the bank failed to maintain the code. This made CBA to come under severe investigation and penalty. As per the act of Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing act 2006, the banks in Australia had to regulate for this type of activity and create a suspicious matter report (SMR) to Austrac within 3days of the occurrence of such incident. However, in this case, it is evident that CBA has denied this reporting standard that has resulted in the money laundering issue.
As per the report of Austrac, CBA has skipped the upper limit of cash withdrawal or deposits which are adopted by other banks. In case, the upper limit is crossed by any depositor then the banks need to submit to Austrac. However, in this case, CBA has failed to submit TTR within the correct time. In CBA more than A$620million has been deposited between 2012 and 2015 that represented 95% of the IDM transactions. The activity of the five customers suspected terrorist activity but CBA was not bothered to perform any activity. Hence, CBA denied the Financial Transaction Reports Act 1988 by not reporting about the correct amount of the deposits and the transactions that was going on for three years(Ft.com, 2018). The violation of the code and the laws have hampered the working of the banks and the entire economy for which the bank has to pay consequences in which the penalty was quite higher.
The four banks namely CBA, ANZ, NAB and Westpac, are accused of violating the ethics and the code of conduct by abusing the customers and taking them for granted. The high-interest rigging rate of the customers have affected the performance of the banks, and this action of the banks along with the dangerous and ineffective customer service of the banks has violated the following code of practice and the ethical practices:
1. Based on the above discussion, it can be recommended to the CBA that it needs implementing a rigorous system for obeying the legislation related to the banking industry and taking necessary measures for meeting the legal standards efficiently. There is a lack of seriousness regarding complying with the regulations, ethics and codes of conducts imposed by the Australian government for the effectiveness and security of the bank activities. The bank must develop an inclusive system and people for having updated knowledge regarding various laws and making everyone informed about it. It will help the firm ensuring that everyone is performing their respective tasks based on the organisational and legal requirements. Everyone must have a clear idea about the organisational expectation from him or her so that each carries out their tasks accordingly without violating the established codes of conducts.
2. It is found that the money laundering took place because of poor business practices and inefficient computer management system within the CBA. It took the firm three years to identify the coding error happened in the computer system that allowed the criminals to launder money. Hence, there is a necessity of setting up a culture of daily examining the efficiency of the computer systems, so that errors can be identified and mitigated instantly before it creates a risk to the organisation as well as the nation. It will help the firm identifying any suspicious transaction if take place and report the incident to the AUSTRACT for a quick resolution.
3. Customers are a most important stakeholder of the bank, and hence, in this case, it can be mentioned that the violation of the ethics related to the provision of the proper service to the customers can destroy the reputation and the business permanently. Hence, it is recommended to create a customer-centric approach that would ensure that the business of the banks is committed towards the maintenance of its responsibility of serving the best interest of the community and create a trusted financial market.
4. It also recommended to professionally train the employees so that they can work for the best interest of the customers as well as for the organisation. ANZ, CBA, NAB and Westpac needs to maintain the code for equipping the employees with the resources, knowledge and support to ensure that they offer effective financial planning to the customers. The customers visit the banks for several practices and hence, in this case, it is crucial that the employs of the banks are trained enough to offer the best service to the customers.
The conclusion is quite clear that the legal framework and codes of conducts have a significant impact on the operations of the banking industry in Australia. A wide range of legislation is there to be followed by the banking industry for conducting their business smoothly and avoiding ethical issues. However, failing to do so may lead to penalties, fines and imprisonment. Besides, it also damages the company image and eventually, decreases profitability. Therefore, conforming to the legislative standards is critical for ensuring security and safety of the banking business, the customers and the society. The ineffective system not only encourages criminal activity, but it also threatens the peace of public, as happened in the case of CBA and Australian banks, who abused their customers. Hence, every bank must work obeying every policy and regulatory standard levied by the government for the welfare of everyone for conducting business ethically and gaining trust and respect from all the stakeholders. | <urn:uuid:c37b4b93-7932-4bde-b653-fdd60cc9de94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abcassignmenthelp.com/violation-of-ethical-rules-and-code-of-conduct | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956101 | 4,302 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Spinal cord injuries are some of the most horrific and life-changing injuries a person can suffer after an accident. These injuries may cause permanent disabilities and a lifetime of pain and suffering. Every year an estimated 17,700 people in the United States suffer a spinal cord injury. According to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, 300,000 people are currently living with a spinal cord injury. Sadly, many of these victims are police officers, firefighters and first responders who put their own lives on the line to protect the public. When they suffer an injury, they may be unable to return to work and provide for themselves and their families.
For over 20 years, the injury attorneys at Peacock & Bartlett, a.p.c. have helped injured spinal cord injury survivors all over California seek the compensation they need. Most notably, we help first responders, police officers, firefighters and California public safety officials and their families. Our attorneys can file claims against the negligent parties to ensure that injured public safety officials get the money they need to rebuild their life after suffering a devastating spinal cord injury.
For a free consultation with an Orange County Police Officer & Firefighter Spinal Cord Injury Attorney at Peacock & Bartlett, a.p.c., call (949) 660-7762
A spinal cord injury is any injury that damages the delicate spinal cord located in the spine. The signs and symptoms you may suffer depend largely on the location of the injury, as well as the severity of the injury. Incomplete spinal cord injuries are injuries that result in partial or temporary injury and impairment. Complete spinal cord injuries results in permanent impairment and the complete loss of motor and sensory function below the injury.
In general, spinal cord injury survivors will suffer a variety of symptoms below the injury site, including:
California public safety officials can suffer from spinal cord injuries in a number of ways. Some of the most common causes of spinal cord injuries include:
Filing a lawsuit after a spinal cord injury is never easy. You need an experienced law firm on your side that can investigate your accident and injuries closely in order to establish liability. From the start, the injury lawyers at Peacock & Bartlett, a.p.c. will investigate your accident and work with medical experts to determine the full extent of your injuries.
We know that you may be receiving workers’ compensation during this time. However, we know that this is never enough after a serious spinal cord injury. As such, it is our goal to help you recover the money you deserve. Spinal cord injury victims may be entitled to millions to help pay for medical expenses, long-term care, rehabilitation and lost wages. We won’t rest until you get the compensation you need to face the future.
If you suffered a spinal cord injury because of another person’s negligence, we can help. At Peacock & Bartlett, a.p.c., our Orange County spinal cord injury lawyers understand the long-term issues spinal cord injury survivors face. We also know that you need extraordinary compensation to help put your life back together after suffering a spinal cord injury. That is why we work tirelessly for our injured police officers, firefighters, first responders and their families in Sacramento, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Los Angeles, Orange County and throughout the state of California.
We offer a free initial consultation and review of your case. We also work on a contingency basis, so you can seek justice no matter what your financial situation may be. Call our law firm at (949) 660-7762 or fill out our confidential contact form.
With offices in Orange County and Sacramento, the personal injury lawyers at Peacock & Bartlett, a.p.c. are proud to serve public safety members and their friends and families across the state of California. | <urn:uuid:9cde11dc-fb31-4246-b8a1-592cc239c17b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://peacockbartlett.com/practice-areas/spinal-cord-injury/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.943143 | 781 | 1.546875 | 2 |
American Indian Relations, 1815–1829
American Indian Relations, 1815–1829
The history of United States–Native American relations between 1815 and 1829 was marked by an ascension of United States military superiority over the Native American nations. It was also marked by the continuation of the federal government's programs to acculturate Native Americans and bring order to the Native American trade, as well as by the emergence of an American plan to relocate the eastern tribes west of the Mississippi River.
general policies in 1815
Before 1815 the United States adopted policies intended to stabilize its frontiers and provide for the peaceful expansion of the nation. The government recognized the Native American tribes as sovereign nations possessing legitimate title to their land, paid for cessions acquired in diplomatic treaties, and prohibited white settlement on Native American lands without tribal permission. Congress also instituted a "civilization program" to prepare Native Americans for assimilation into the American population. The government included articles to encourage acculturation in its treaties with the tribes, appropriated money to supply Native Americans with farming tools and implements, and posted agents among the tribes to instruct individual Native Americans in their use. The federal government continued the civilization program with uneven success in the period from 1815 to 1829. Of particular note in this era was an act in 1819 in which Congress began appropriating funds for the education of Native American children. Rather than establishing secular schools, however, the government simply channeled the money to Protestant churches and missionary societies. By 1830 over fifty schools had been established in or around the Native American nations.
war of 1812
The civilization program was not as successful in achieving assimilation as its exponents had hoped. Most white Americans, particularly those on the frontier, refused to accept acculturated Native Americans into their midst on equal terms, and many Native Americans simply did not want to make the transformation required by the program. In some nations, nativist prophets like White Path (Cherokee) and Tenskwatawa (Shawnee) urged their followers to repudiate Anglo-American culture and goods (particularly alcohol) and drive American settlers out of Native American territory. Many Native American communities divided into factions that either accepted or rejected the civilization model.
During the War of 1812 the United States eliminated two major Native American uprisings spawned by nativist prophets. In the Old Northwest, American forces under William Henry Harrison destroyed a pan–Native American confederation of tribes led by Tenskwatawa and his brother, the warrior chief Tecumseh. In 1814 troops under Andrew Jackson annihilated a group of nativist "Red Stick" Creek warriors at Horseshoe Bend on the Tallapoosa River. Jackson forced the Creeks to cede some twenty-three million acres to the United States in a treaty at Fort Jackson. American victories over the northwestern confederation and the Red Sticks established U.S. military hegemony over the Native American nations in the East.
In the Treaty of Ghent (1814) that ended the War of 1812, the United States promised Great Britain that it would make peace with Britain's Native American allies and restore their former "possessions, rights, and privileges." Within months the United States had concluded numerous treaties with the tribes from the Old Northwest at Portage des Sioux (near St. Louis) and Spring Wells (near Detroit). Rather than returning Native American territory, however, the United States immediately set out to acquire more.
Jackson became a pivotal figure in the American acquisition of tribal territory. As a U.S. treaty commissioner (1814–1820) he used harsh, if not unscrupulous, means to acquire major cessions from the southeastern tribes. He also played a controversial role in the United States's acquisition of western Florida. In 1818 Jackson, suspecting that the Spanish were encouraging Seminole attacks on white settlements in southern Georgia, led an army into Florida, attacked the Seminoles, and captured and executed two British traders. Spain surrendered control of Florida to the United States in the Adams-Onís, or Transcontinental, Treaty of 1819 that resolved the conflict; the Seminoles subsequently ceded much of their territory in the Treaty of Gadsden (1823).
regulating the native american trade
Until 1849 (when the Interior Department assumed responsibility), Native American relations, including the regulation of the Native American trade, fell under the jurisdiction of the War Department. The trade had always been a source of income, and trouble, for the United States and its colonial predecessors. The government continued trying to reduce the unrest provoked by unprincipled merchants in the years from 1815 to 1829. Congress required traders to obtain licenses and post bonds and provided punishments for those found guilty of corrupt dealing. These measures supplemented the public factory system (which provided trade goods to Native Americans at cost) that the government had established in 1795 to compete with private traders. As superintendent of Native American trade (1816–1822), Thomas L. McKenney urged the government to continue the factory system and use it to promote civilization, Christianity, and fair dealings with Native Americans. The factory system expanded throughout most of the Native American country until 1822, when John Jacob Astor, owner of the American Fur Company, and other prominent private merchants persuaded Congress to abandon the government's competing posts. McKenney lost his job as superintendent of trade in the process, but in 1824 Secretary of War John C. Calhoun created the Bureau of Indian Affairs to manage nonmilitary Native American matters and appointed McKenney its first commissioner. In 1832 Congress codified Calhoun's restructuring of Native American affairs.
To intimidate the tribes and prevent them from reestablishing trade and military ties with Great Britain and Spain, the United States built several forts at key river locations on the northwestern and southwestern frontiers after the War of 1812. In 1816 Congress began refusing trading licenses to noncitizens and authorized the president to arrest foreign traders and seize their goods. The federal government also tried, with little success, to eliminate crime and disorder among frontier and Native American communities. The fact that a particular crime could involve Native Americans and whites under state, federal, or Native American territory jurisdiction complicated prosecution. Much of the crime was caused by the widespread availability of alcohol in Native American and American towns. In the Trade and Intercourse Act of 1822, Congress authorized government agents to seize a trader's inventory if it included alcohol. In 1832 Congress prohibited the sale of "ardent spirits" in Native American country. This proscription was no more successful than the national prohibition declared nearly a century later, for the government agents lacked the resources to rein in the private suppliers.
native american removal
After the War of 1812 Jackson and Calhoun urged President James Monroe to abandon the federal government's policy of recognizing the land title and political sovereignty of the tribes. The United States, they argued, should treat Native Americans as subjects of the state in which they lived. Jackson and state political leaders in Georgia began calling for the federal government to remove the Native American tribes from the southern states. In 1803 Thomas Jefferson had proposed the idea of relocating eastern Native Americans to the Louisiana Territory where, he asserted, they would have time to acculturate free from the trespasses of white settlers. Although a few thousand Cherokees responded to Jefferson's entreaties and moved west in the years from 1808 to 1810, the vast majority of Native Americans preferred to remain in their ancestral homelands.
Georgia's removal argument was buttressed by an agreement concluded during Jefferson's administration. In the Compact of 1802, the state had surrendered its territory between the Chattahoochee and Mississippi Rivers to the United States. In exchange, the federal government had promised to extinguish the Native American title in Georgia as soon as it could be "peaceably obtained, and on reasonable terms." Georgia used this agreement to force the federal government to consider extinguishing the territorial rights of the Creeks and Cherokees who lived within the state's borders. President Monroe responded that the federal government was not bound by the Compact of 1802, and that while he favored the idea of removing the tribes to the West, he would not force any nation to relocate involuntarily.
The motivations of removal proponents were primarily economic and racial. The emerging profitability of cotton agriculture created a tremendous demand for land in the southern "Black Belt," a fertile crescent that stretched from western Georgia across central Alabama and Mississippi. The cotton boom enticed thousands of white settlers into and around Native American lands in the Southeast. In 1810, for example, 40,000 Americans lived in the Mississippi Territory; by 1830 the population of Mississippi and Alabama, the states formed out of that territory, had increased to almost 450,000. The Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws were very quickly surrounded by white Americans who wanted their land, and as soon as Mississippi (1817) and Alabama (1819) were admitted into the Union, their political leaders began calling for Native American residents to leave their states.
Removal proponents also exploited the fears and racist inclinations of many frontier southerners and westerners who indicated that they would never afford Native Americans equal status, regardless of how civilized they became. The situation of the Cherokees offered a clear example of this irony. In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries the Cherokees developed a market economy, adopted a republican government, and built schools and churches throughout their nation. They devised their own written language, known as Sequoyah's syllabary, and used it in the publication of their own newspaper. Despite this movement toward the Anglo-American standard of civilization by the Cherokees, and by the other southeastern tribes as well, most white southerners refused even to entertain the idea that they might assimilate Native Americans in the future.
Toward implementation. Between 1817 and 1826 the Cherokees (1817 and 1819), Choctaws (1820), and Creeks (1826) signed cession treaties that included removal articles. The agreements offered Native Americans living on ceded territory the choice of removing to land offered in the West or remaining in the East, taking individual allotments of land, and living as subjects of the state. The treaties promised that the United States would protect the removed Native Americans from attacks and white settlement in their new lands, allow them to maintain their political autonomy, and continue to provide them with material and personnel to prepare them for their eventual assimilation. Similar provisions were included in the general removal treaties signed by the Native American nations in the 1830s. Some of these agreements, including the Cherokee treaty of 1817 (which was negotiated by Jackson), were signed by dissident factions in the face of opposition by the formal tribal government. In order to prevent future illegal cessions, the Cherokee national council enacted legislation formally establishing the land of the nation as property of the people in common and prohibited, upon penalty of death, the sale of tribal territory without its approval.
John Quincy Adams, who succeeded Monroe, held to the position that the Native Americans would have to consent to any removal proposal. The resistance of the Cherokees, and Adams's refusal to force them to remove, infuriated the Georgia government. In 1827 George Troup, governor of the state, had become so frustrated by the federal government's inaction that he threatened to use the state militia to remove the Cherokees and Creeks and promised a war if the federal government interfered. The Creeks tired of Georgia's unrelenting pressure and signed away their remaining territory in Georgia. The state then turned its attention to the Cherokees, who adamantly refused to concede. On 26 July 1827, the Cherokees adopted a constitutional government and declared their nation an independent, sovereign republic. In subsequent months they called over and over again for the federal government to intervene in the dispute and restrain Georgia's belligerence.
In 1828 the U.S. voters elected Andrew Jackson as president, and the administration of the national government passed into the hands of a man who had been promoting removal for almost a decade. In his first annual message, Jackson warned that the Native American tribes could either remove or fall under the jurisdiction of the state in which they lived. He also called on Congress to enact legislation to remove the eastern tribes. Georgia was emboldened by Jackson's election and, within weeks of his victory, its legislature had annexed the Cherokees' lands in the state. In 1829 Georgia extended its jurisdiction over the Cherokees and purported to abolish their national council, court system, and laws. Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee soon followed Georgia's lead and claimed jurisdiction over the Native Americans in their states. The discovery of gold in the Cherokee Nation in 1829 only exacerbated the desire of whites to move onto Native American land; the Georgia legislature unilaterally seized the strike locations, prohibited Cherokees from approaching them, and established a paramilitary force to harass the Native Americans. Soon thereafter Georgia sent surveyors into the Cherokee Nation, divided its territory into parcels, and distributed them to white state residents by lottery.
In 1830 Jackson's allies in Congress responded to his request and introduced a removal bill. Despite the determined efforts of Jeremiah Evarts, the secretary of the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions, who led public opposition to the bill in New England, and Theodore Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, who fought the bill in the Senate, the Indian Removal Act of 1830 passed by slim majorities in both houses. The bill, which Jackson signed into law on 28 May 1830, authorized the president to mark off territory in the West for Native American resettlement and negotiate removal treaties with the Native American nations. The law also authorized the president to reimburse Native Americans for improvements surrendered upon removal and to pay the costs of relocation and resettlement.
Native American response. With the passage of the removal bill, the Native American nations had four choices: submit to state jurisdiction, remove, litigate, or fight. In the 1830s different nations chose different courses. The Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and many tribes in the North reluctantly agreed to remove. The Cherokees, led by their principal chief, John Ross, challenged Georgia's extension laws in federal court. In Worcester v. Georgia (1832) the U.S. Supreme Court declared the Cherokees a sovereign nation and Georgia's extension laws unconstitutional. Jackson, however, did not enforce the decision against the state. The Cherokee national council continued to refuse to sign a removal treaty, but in 1835 a dissident group signed the infamous treaty of New Echota, which called for the surrender of all Cherokee lands in the East and the removal of the nation to a territory in the West. In 1838 federal troops entered the Cherokee Nation, rounded up some sixteen thousand Cherokees, and forced them to march to the Indian Territory that Congress had established west of the Mississippi River (in what became Oklahoma). Military resistance failed as well. The Seminoles, Sacs, and Foxes fought bitter wars against the U.S. Army before they surrendered and were forced to remove. Thousands died in the removal migrations, mostly from starvation, malnutrition, exposure, and heartbreak. The Cherokees, for example, who came to refer to the removal as the Trail of Tears, lost over a quarter of their population in the exile; deaths ascribable to the removal crisis may have approached ten thousand among the Creeks.
Although most of the removal controversy centered around the Cherokees and the other southern nations, the Indian Removal Act also resulted in the relocation of most of the tribes in the North, including the Cayugas, Delawares, Kaskaskias, Kickapoos, Menominees, Miamis, Ojibwas, Oneidas, Ottawas, Peorias, Piankashaws, Potawatomis, Senecas, Shawnees, Tuscaroras, and Winnebagos. In 1843 the War Department estimated that it had removed almost ninety thousand Native Americans from their homes.
Garrison, Tim Alan. The Legal Ideology of Removal: The Southern Judiciary and the Sovereignty of Native American Nations. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2002.
Green, Michael D. The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.
Kappler, Charles J., ed. and comp. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. 5 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904–1941.
Prucha, Francis Paul. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984.
Remini, Robert V. Andrew Jackson and His Indian Wars. New York: Viking Press, 2001.
Viola, Herman J. Thomas L. McKenney: Architect of America's Early Indian Policy, 1816-1830. Chicago: Sage Books, 1974.
Wallace, Anthony F. C. The Long, Bitter Trail: Andrew Jackson and the Indians. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993.
Washburn, Wilcomb E., comp. The American Indian and the United States: A Documentary History. 4 vols. New York: Random House, 1973.
Tim Alan Garrison | <urn:uuid:7f052d4d-7ae4-4854-bdb1-cbe372fff6b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/american-indian-relations-1815-1829 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953246 | 3,539 | 4 | 4 |
Highlands and Islands Labour MSP, David Stewart (pictured), said it was “a disgrace” that those who live in our most deprived areas were more than twice as likely to die with Covid-19 than those in wealthy areas.
At the virtual meeting of the Scottish Parliament’s Health and Sport Committee this morning (June 17) Mr Stewart, who is also Scottish Labour’s Shadow Public Health Minister, asked Ms Freeman what the Scottish Government intended to do to reverse health inequalities.
“The Royal College of GPs concluded in evidence to our committee that the pandemic has shone a light on the persistent health inequalities that continue to exist in Scotland’.
“All our witnesses will know this, but those who live in our most deprived areas are more than twice as likely to die with Covid-19 than those in the least deprived communities.
“Cabinet Secretary I feel this is a disgrace.
“What action is the Scottish Government going to carry out to reverse health inequalities?”
Mr Stewart also raised the connection with obesity, conditions such as Diabetes and Covid-19 and called for cross cutting policies in the future – for example policies that cross the different aspects of housing, health and employment.
Mr Stewart said:
“There may well be future pandemics, or of course regional health emergencies such as the foot and mouth crisis in 2001, but we can read the crystal ball that the poor will get a raw deal on these.
“How can we turn health inequalities on its head and place the disadvantaged on the top of the list?”
Health Secretary, Jeane Freeman, said Mr Stewart was absolutely right about the light being shone on those more severely impacted by Covid-19.
She detailed how there was also emerging evidence about the longer term impacts of those who have had the disease in terms respiratory, cardiovascular and renal functions and clear indications that certain underlying health conditions may make an individual more susceptible to a serious response to the infection, or the infection causing serious ill health in an individual compared to those who do not have underlying health conditions and some of those underlying health conditions related back to the circumstance of poverty and deprivation.
She added that the Chief Medical Officer and senior officials had been tasked to undertake an early piece of work looking at what was needed to tackle population health particularly in relation to health inequalities.
“There is a clear pressing demand now for us to find ways to be more effective in reducing health inequalities and reaching groups of people with important but practical ways by which they can improve their own health that we have not so far been successful in doing in 20 years of devolution.
“There is much more for us to do and we have already tasked the initiation of that work,” said Ms Freeman.
After the meeting Mr Stewart said he welcomed Ms Freeman’s assurance that work was underway to look again at health inequalities and her comment that it was “entirely fair to demand of this Government or any Government that as you plan for your response to any health emergency that your early thoughts go to those who are most disadvantaged in your society.”
Mr Stewart added:
“However, in January, even before Coronavirus lockdown, the scale of persistent health inequalities was highlighted by Scottish Government statistics.
“In 1997, premature mortality rates were three times higher in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived; in 2018, rates were four times higher in the most deprived areas.
“Over the last decade there has been a desperate need to plough more investment into these communities, to find better ways to tackle health inequalities.
“Covid-19 has brought into sharp focus that this has not happened and it’s shameful.” | <urn:uuid:f86abeec-3c20-471a-b3a6-f0eebf26af4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehighlandtimes.com/its-a-disgrace-says-msp-david-stewart-on-covid-19-health-inequalities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.975823 | 778 | 1.929688 | 2 |
How to finance climate goals will be key hurdle at G7 and U.N. talks
Climate finance has emerged as the biggest stumbling block to progress at the high-stakes United Nations climate talks in Scotland in November. How the Group of 7 wealthy nations treats the issue Friday and Saturday may determine the outcome.
Why it matters: Providing the funding that was promised to developing countries might open up other areas of important conversation in Glasgow, such as setting more ambitious emissions reduction targets for 2030.
Flashback: In 2015, developed nations promised that beginning in 2020, they would provide $100 billion annually to developing nations to help them cope with the effects of climate change and transition their economies away from fossil fuels.
- This money has never fully materialized.
The big picture: Christiana Figueres, who chaired the Paris climate talks for the U.N. and is a founding partner of the NGO Global Optimism, told Bryan that the G7's credibility is on the line.
- "Without trust, especially between the global north and the global south, none of this is going to happen," Figueres said.
- Speaking of the $100 billion commitment, she said: "It is a political commitment and hence it has a very, very high symbolic value as really representing the trust that the global south can or cannot have in the global economy. That's why it's important."
Between the lines: "It's a very important totemic figure in terms of trusting the word of these leaders," said Saleemul Huq, who directs a climate and development NGO in Bangladesh, on a call with reporters.
- "To me, the issue is the credibility of the world's leaders, the seven biggest countries who have made these promises, or whether we believe anything they say at all."
The bottom line: "This is beginning to look like diplomatic ineptitude amongst the rich countries, because $100 billion really in the scale of things is not an extraordinary amount of money, and it is not beyond our capability to meet that promise, keep it, and then extend it," said Rachel Kyte, dean of the Fletcher School at Tufts University.
What we're watching: All eyes will be on the G7 leaders' communique to spot any progress on this issue, including any specific new monetary commitments from countries.
Go deeper: CEOs push G7 on climate ahead of meeting | <urn:uuid:8b58036d-1c63-47cd-9039-6eaa7b381ec3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.axios.com/2021/06/11/g7-climate-finance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956901 | 490 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Italian banks have gone through mergers, fund-raising measures and a great deal of effort to reduce the level of their bad loans since the euro zone sovereign debt crisis of 2011.
But despite these endeavors, onlookers still see the sector as the biggest problem for Italy’s economy.
“The big picture is that they have strengthened their balance sheets over the past few years, but they remain perhaps Italy’s weakest link,” Jack Allen, a senior European economist at Capital Economics, told CNBC via email.
The Italian banking system, on average, has increased its common equity tier 1 ratio from 6.9 percent in 2008 to 14.3 percent in 2017, according to analysis from the macroeconomic research firm. This means the banks are now in a much healthier position to absorb potential losses with larger capital buffers.
This was one of the ways the region dealt with many structural issues that the debt crisis revealed. However, more recently and on top of these legacy issues, Italian lenders have had to deal with another kind of problem: politics.
A general election in March last year showed strong public support for populist parties and, after months of uncertainty and intense negotiations, an anti-establishment coalition government came to power in June.
The coalition’s promises to raise public spending sparked nervousness among market players — generally speaking, they believed that higher spending would risk the sustainability of Italy’s public debt pile, which stands at about 130 percent of its gross domestic product.
Such market sentiment led to an increase in government bond yields — and shook the balance sheets of Italy’s lenders.
The banks own about 10 percent of the government bonds and higher yields mean that the chances of seeing a return on their Italian bonds are reduced, exposing bondholders to risk.
Throughout 2018, the Italian banking system lost nearly 30 percent of its market value.
According to UBS, one of the main factors affecting the fate of Italian banks is the so-called “spread,” or difference, between the German and Italian yields. It has acted as a fear gauge in Europe over the past year and could be volatile at the start of 2019, given the European Central Bank’s (ECB) decision to end its monthly purchases of euro zone bonds.
“With the end of the quantitative easing program the investors’ trust in the Italian government will have to be confirmed with the coming bonds’ placements,” Fabio Trussardi, banking analyst at UBS Global Wealth Management, told CNBC via email.
Carige — A recent banking headache
Italian authorities have been pondering the future of Banca Carige — the Genoa-based lender, which was asked to submit capital raising plans by the ECB or to merge.
The government approved Monday a decree that allows future bond issuances by Carige, as well as a precautionary public recapitalization plan.
However, the ruling parties in Rome seem to have a different opinion from the technocratic finance minister, Giovanni Tria. Tria has defended a market solution for the bank. Whereas the two deputy prime ministers and heads of the two ruling parties believe the bank should be nationalized.
Luigi Di Maio, head of the Five Star Movement (M5S), said that if public money were to be used, then the bank would have to be nationalized, AP reported.
Are Italian banks a risk for the euro zone?
In recent years there have been several interventions to small, regional Italian banks, with ordinary savers losing billions of euros. Investors have concerns that the weakness in the Italian banking system will spread to the rest of the euro area.
“Developments in the Italian banking sector are the key risk for all European banks,” ABN AMRO said in its 2019 financials outlook report on Thursday.
“The recent government budget agreement does not help the deteriorated fiscal position of the country. In fact, it is likely only to make it worse. For example, the government debt-to-GDP ratio will not improve under the present scenario,” the Dutch bank explained.
The current anti-establishment government had envisaged raising the budget deficit to 2.4 percent of GDP this year. However, after opposition from the European Commission, Rome lowered that target to 2.04 percent of GDP. The previous government had forecast a budget deficit of 0.8 percent for 2019.
Italy’s intentions to spend further remain a concern for market players.
“It will take many years to try and repair the fiscal situation of the country. This still leaves Italian bank debt vulnerable,” ABN AMRO also said in the report. | <urn:uuid:44256a53-eef2-475c-be87-a279ebad73cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://polimedia.press/society/despite-years-of-recovery-italys-bank-problems-are-still-not-solved/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960471 | 960 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Earliest Storm on Record in Eastern Pacific
On Sunday, Tropical Storm Andres became the earliest tropical storm on record to form in the Eastern Pacific. Andres is also the first named storm of the 2021 Eastern Pacific hurricane season.
Tropical Storm Andres formed late in the day Sunday, May 9, meaning it developed before the official start of the Eastern Pacific hurricane season, which begins on May 15.
Andres is currently about 520 miles south of the tip of Baja California. The storm has maximum winds around 40 mph and is moving to the north-northwest around 6 mph. No impacts to land are expected.
Tropical Storm Andres will weaken later today and become a remnant low by Tuesday. | <urn:uuid:4fd8f14b-cf1b-4df5-ad5a-6e4b127bf8f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://severestudios.com/2021/05/10/earliest-storm-on-record-in-eastern-pacific/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968229 | 147 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Emsea specialise in sheet metal fabrication services including welding. In our latest blog, we look at and list out some of the benefits of welding metal when compared to alternative processes.
Aesthetically, welded joints tend to look better than the more bulky riveted or butted joints.
As it is a faster process, the speed of fabrication is generally faster than that of riveted joints.
As there is no hole required for welding (unlike riveting), there is no reduction of surface area and therefore strength. Therefore, structurally welding is more effective in taking a load and therefore stronger.
Welded joints are far more cost effective as less time, less labour and less material is required.
The efficiency of welded joint is more than that of the riveted joint.
Complete rigid joints can be provided with welding process.
The alternation and addition to the existing structure is easy.
Far less noise is produced during the welding process when compared to riveting.
In general, the welding process requires less work space in comparison to riveting.
If you have any welding or sheet metal fabrication projects on the horizon, then feel free to give us a call today to discuss how we might help. | <urn:uuid:f3da6e70-00a8-46b3-975a-59b2f1fd54e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emsea.com/uncategorized/welding-benefits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.944963 | 250 | 1.804688 | 2 |
through the deserts of the world
Typical sand, rock and gravel landscapes are displayed.
You visit the sand deserts of Africa, the lonely outback
of Australia, the steppe desert of Central Asia and
the coast deserts of South America. You get to know
the fascinating plant and animal worlds as well as the
survival strategies of the different people. | <urn:uuid:bd18cfcd-4079-40c7-9115-d536ba3bee7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lokschuppen.de/fileadmin/rueckblicke/web_wueste/english/ausstellung.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.874428 | 82 | 1.742188 | 2 |
2005 Cadillac CTS-V – Every Cadillac owner must own as well as check out the 2005 Cadillac CTS-V Owners Manual. The 2005 Cadillac CTS-V Owners Manual consists of vital pointers on exactly how to keep the features as well as performance of your Cadillac automobile. Cadillac, like lots of luxury cars, has a limited operating temperature and also it is up to you to identify what the suggested tire pressure and also maintenance schedule are for your lorry. Your 2005 Cadillac CTS-V Owners Manual will certainly aid you establish just how to look after your Cadillac automobile as well as maintain it running efficiently.
In the 2005 Cadillac CTS-V Owners Manual, it is recommended that owners check the oil periodically as well as include the correct amount of liquids. If the advised oil kind is “synthrene” or “licensed synthetic”, it ought to be changed according to the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule. Before scheduling your oil change, you need to initially see to it the engine oil remains in correct functioning condition. You can do this by removing the engine and including a few drops of oil to it. If the engine does not feel right, after that it is time to replace the oil in your Cadillac.
Inspect the suggested tire pressure that is provided in your owner’s manual. Cadillac dealers suggest utilizing the service tag of the automobile as a guide to ensure the appropriate tire pressure. If you don’t have a service tag, get in touch with the car owner’s manual for the suggested tire pressure.
One more suggested service procedure is to change the oil frequently. However, if you notice any kind of abnormal changes in the oil look or level, it is best to take it to a Cadillac service center for an evaluation. It might result to much more significant engine troubles if you do not service your car frequently. Your vehicle will certainly require maintenance if it gets heavy usage. The engine will certainly go to its most efficient when the service background is clean. Cadillac dealerships suggest the maintenance of your car is done yearly.
You need to check the oil filter and oil storage tank at the very least once a month. Eliminate the drainpipe plug under the cap as well as inspect the oil level. It will influence the total efficiency of the engine if there is a build-up of sediment. Inspect the oil pipes and seals and aesthetically inspect them for indicators of leak. Leakages can be repaired by loaded with new oil. If the problem is severe, it is suggested that you call a Cadillac service facility.
Preserving your Cadillac has ended up being extremely simple. In case there are small problems that need your attention, it is best to seek service recommendations from the authorized Cadillac dealer. Cadillac suppliers recommend regular maintenance checks are done on vehicles with standard transmission. | <urn:uuid:0ea866dd-7078-4959-8c15-fc9ae4a6307c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://autoriorcars.com/2005-cadillac-cts-v-owners-manual/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957309 | 572 | 1.546875 | 2 |
What is AVID?
Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) is a research-based approach that provides resources, support, and strategies for teachers and students. AVID's mission is to close the achievement gap by preparing all students for college readiness and success in a global society.
Central Avenue is an AVID Elementary School!
AVID Elementary is a component of the AVID College Readiness System and supports AVID's Mission and Vision to provide a model of success for all students that supports the progression from elementary through middle and high school to college and career readiness. | <urn:uuid:ccf20fe6-bb92-4313-b96e-63cad202460b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.osceolaschools.net/Domain/2524 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933127 | 121 | 2.5 | 2 |
(With D. MacFarlane, M. Hurlstone, U. Ecker, P. Ferraro, S. van der Linden, D. Veríssimo, A. Wan, G. Burgess, W. Hall, G. Hollands, W. Sutherland) Conservationists have long sought to reduce consumer demand for products from overexploited wildlife species. Health practitioners have also begun calling for reductions in the wildlife trade to reduce pandemic risk. Most wildlife-focused demand reduction campaigns have lacked rigorous evaluations and thus their impacts remain unknown. There is thus an urgent need to review the evidence from beyond conservation science to inform future demand-reduction efforts. We searched for systematic reviews of interventions that aimed to reduce consumer demand for products that are harmful (e.g., cigarettes and illicit drugs). In total, 41 systematic reviews were assessed, and their data extracted. Mass-media campaigns and incentive programs were, on average, ineffective. While advertising bans, social marketing, and location bans were promising, there was insufficient robust evidence to draw firm conclusions. In contrast, the evidence for the effectiveness of norm appeals and risk warnings was stronger, with some caveats. Conservation Science and Practice 4 (2022), e627.
(With H. He*, E. Buchholtz, S. Vogel, and C. Yu)
Conceptual context: Wildlife crop consumption is a worldwide problem. This paper builds on the theoretical framework of profit and utility maximization from economics as established in the theory of optimal foraging, bringing this perspective to the issue of wildlife crop consumption by testing whether elephants forage for crops in an optimal way.
Methodological approach: Using combinatorial optimization in an agent-based model, in which elephants’ objective is to find a valid walk that maximizes their energy balance. We used empirical data from GPS collars on African savanna elephants to train and test the model.
Main results and conclusions: When we focused solely on which terrain blocks the elephants of GNP visit and spend time in, our ABM got 56 percent of these blocks correct. Our ABM performed roughly 25 percent better than two alternative models, including the random walk model. In both subsamples of data that we looked at, the ABM performed better in terms of fitting the data on real walks than the alternative models. The ABM's performance improved, and the alternative models’ performance worsened, when we only looked at data on real walks that involve crop consumption. This suggests that there is more randomness involved when elephants are engaged in foraging activity that do not include crop consumption. At the same time, elephant walks involving crop consumption seem to more closely follow optimizing principles.
Findings from this ABM approach support ecological understanding of elephant crop foraging, highlighting the optimal movements involved in crop foraging events as well as the importance of trespassing costs and landscape configuration. It may give conservationists and policy-makers a starting point to use in formulating policies to minimize the harms and costs that result from elephant crop consumption. Ecological Modelling 464 (2022), 109852.
This note presents a simple graphical approach for deriving the profit maximizing two-part tariff when there are two types of consumers in the market. The exposition covers both the case in which a monopoly can offer only one two-part tariff plan and the case in which the monopoly can offer two different plans. The American Economist 67 (2022), 116-122.
(With M. 't Sas-Rolfes) We present an economic model of a market for wildlife products. We use it to study theoretically the potential impact on the poaching of wildlife animals if a legal market for synthetic wildlife products is created. We show that allowing for a legal trade in synthetic substitutes in general has two opposing effects on poaching level: a price effect that reduces poaching by lowering the revenue generated from poaching; and a laundering effect that encourages poaching by making it easier for poachers to sell their products. When demand for wildlife goods is inelastic, the price effect is bigger, while the laundering effect is smaller; hence, establishing a legal market for synthetic substitutes is more likely to reduce poaching when demand is less sensitive to price changes. Measures that make it more difficult for poachers to launder their products reduce the laundering effect and enhance the conservation value of producing synthetic substitutes. Ecological Economics 180 (2021), 106873.
Why discuss fake rhino horns? (With F. Vollrath) SWARA: The Voice of Conservation in East Africa, January-March, 2020, 48-53.
Leland and Meyer showed through an example that when the distribution of consumer types is nondegenerate, there exist two-block pricing plans that yield strictly higher producer surplus than the profit maximizing two-part tariff scheme. This led them to pose the following question: does weak dominance (in the sense of profit) rather than strict dominance of two-block pricing over two-part tariff hold only when the distribution of buyer-types is degenerate? This note shows that the answer to this question is, No: even when the distribution of consumer types is continuous, it is possible that the best two-block pricing scheme performs no better than the best two-part tariff. The American Economist 65 (2020), 204 –213 .
A simple dynamic model of vaccination is presented and analyzed to study how the amount of vaccines available affects people’s vaccination decisions. In addition, the model is used to examine how the level of vaccination in equilibrium compares to the efficient or socially optimal level. It is shown that, when the stock of vaccines is large so that a shortage could never arise, an equilibrium is generically unique, and there is too little vaccination compared to the social optimum. When the stock of vaccines is small so that not everyone in a population could get vaccinated, a shortage could occur in equilibrium. Moreover, the occurrence of a shortage could be self-fulfilling: when agents expect a shortage to develop, they have a greater incentive to demand the vaccine right away, which increases the likelihood that a shortage will result; and when agents do not expect a shortage to arise, they are more willing to delay their vaccination decision, which reduces the likelihood of a shortage developing. This leads to the possible co-existence of multiple equilibria that differ in the level of vaccination. Multiple equilibria can arise, however, only if agents are uncertain about the cost of being infected – if agents are sufficiently certain about the cost of infection, then an equilibrium is unique. Furthermore, when the stock of vaccines is small, an equilibrium level of vaccination may be too high relative to the socially optimal level. Increasing the vaccine stock could have ambiguous effects on the level of vaccination in equilibrium but unambiguously increases social welfare. Journal of Theoretical Biology 446 (2018), 19-32.
(With R. Stevens*) Seasonal influenza imposes an enormous burden on society every year, yet many people refuse to obtain flu shots due to misconceptions of the flu vaccine. We argue that recent research in psychology and behavioral economics may provide the answers to why people hold mistaken beliefs about flu shots, how we can correct these misconceptions, and what policy-makers can do to increase flu vaccination rates. Health Promotion International 32 (2017), 1067-1073.
(With R. Regan*) We study the incentives that museums face in determining how much resources to invest in the protection of their artwork from theft. We present and analyze a game-theoretic model of art heists that accounts for the strategic interactions between museums’ and art thieves’ decisions and that incorporates several key features of the black market for stolen art. We find that the equilibrium level of security museums choose need not be monotonic in the true market value or the black market value of artwork, i.e., increasing the value of an art piece—whether it is the true market value or the black market value—does not necessarily lead museums to invest more in protecting their artwork. The effects of parameter changes in the model that reflect a shift of public policy depend critically on what type of policy change is considered. For instance, an increase in the penalty imposed for committing art theft cannot raise the amount of theft in equilibrium and could in fact lead museums to increase their level of security. On the other hand, investing more resources on law enforcement agencies so that they are better able to solve art crimes can actually increase the amount of theft in equilibrium by causing museums to spend less on security. Journal of Cultural Economics 41 (2017), 283-307.
To examine the potential impact of synthetic horns to reduce rhino poaching, a formal model of the rhino horn market in which there exist firms with the capability to produce high quality synthetic horns is presented and studied. The analysis shows that whether the availability of synthetic horns would decrease the equilibrium supply of wild horns—and how much the reduction would be—depends on market structure—i.e., how competitive the synthetic horn production sector is—and on how substitutable the synthetic horns are for wild horns. The implications of these results for conservation policies are derived and discussed. Synthetic horn producers would benefit more by promoting their products as being superior to wild horns, but this could increase horn prices and lead to more rhino poaching. For conservation purposes, it may be beneficial to incentivize firms to produce inferior fakes—synthetic horns that are engineered to be undesirable in some respect but difficult for buyers to distinguish from wild horns. The analysis also shows that promoting competition in the production of synthetic horns in general is desirable from a conservation standpoint as synthetic horn producers may prefer to keep prices at a high enough level that could still encourage significant amount of poaching. Ecological Economics 141 (2017), 180-189.
Habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and illegal wildlife trafficking are threatening a large number of animal populations. Recent research suggests that people place higher value on wildlife or wildlife‐derived goods when they are considered rare or uncommon. Although supply‐side antipoaching policies—such as strengthening the enforcement of regulations against illegal hunting—decrease people's incentives to engage in poaching, one significant consequence of the demand for rarity is that it weakens the impact of these policies. While the demand for rarity cannot completely offset the effects of supply‐side antipoaching policies, the reduction in the amount of poaching that can be achieved using these policies may not be large when people are willing to pay more for rare wildlife goods. This calls into question whether actions targeting the supply side of the market for poaching are the most effective ones for protecting endangered or threatened species affected by poaching. Conservation Letters 9 (2016), 65-69.
(With F. Toxværd) The market for vaccinations is widely believed to be characterized by market failures, because individuals do not internalize the positive externalities that their vaccination decisions may confer on other individuals. Francis (1997) provided a set of assumptions under which the equilibrium vaccination pattern is socially optimal. We show that his conditions are not necessary for the welfare theorem to hold but that in general, the market yields inefficiently low vaccination uptake. Equilibrium non-optimality may obtain if (i) agents can recover from infection, (ii) vaccines are imperfect, (iii) individuals are ex ante heterogeneous, (iv) vaccination timing is inflexible or (v) the planning horizon is finite. Apart from the case with heterogeneity, inefficiencies result from the presence of strategic interaction. Journal of Theoretical Biology 363 (2014), 105-117.
The economic approach to modeling self-protective behavior in epidemiology
In P. Manfredi and A. d'Onofrio (eds.), Modeling the Interplay Between Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. New York: Springer, 2013.
(With J. Heckelman) We develop a lottery procedure for selecting multiple winners that is strategy proof. The rule assigns points to each candidate based on any standard scoring rule method, and then uses one draw to select a single winning set of candidates in proportion to their collective score. In addition to being strategy proof, the lottery rule is also shown to have several other attractive normative properties. Violations of some other important normative properties are noted as well. Journal of Public Economic Theory 15 (2013), 103-123.
(With J. Raley*) In this paper, we advocate the writing of mathematical fiction (i) as an aid for students in learning mathematics, and (ii) to engage students in doing mathematics. Journal of Humanistic Mathematics 3(2) (2013), article 7.
(with A. Griffith, A. Cottrell, and Y.-L. Wong) We report the results of a study we conducted using a simple multiplayer online game that simulates the spread of an infectious disease through a population composed of the players. We use our virtual epidemics game to examine how people respond to epidemics. The analysis shows that people's behavior is responsive to the cost of self-protection, the reported prevalence of disease, and their experiences earlier in the epidemic. Specifically, decreasing the cost of self-protection increases the rate of safe behavior. Higher reported prevalence also raises the likelihood that individuals would engage in self-protection, where the magnitude of this effect depends on how much time has elapsed in the epidemic. Individuals' experiences in terms of how often an infection was acquired when they did not engage in self-protection are another factor that determines whether they will invest in preventive measures later on. All else being equal, individuals who were infected at a higher rate are more likely to engage in self-protective behavior compared to those with a lower rate of infection. Lastly, fixing everything else, people's willingness to engage in safe behavior waxes or wanes over time, depending on the severity of an epidemic: when prevalence is high, people are more likely to adopt self-protective measures as time goes by; when prevalence is low, a ‘self-protection fatigue’ effect sets in whereby individuals are less willing to engage in safe behavior over time. PLOS ONE 8(1) (2013), e52814.
The decision of individuals to engage in public avoidance during epidemics is modeled and studied using game theory. The analysis reveals that the set of Nash equilibria of the model, as well as how the equilibria compare to the social optimum, depend on the contact function that governs the rate at which encounters occur in public. If the contact ratio – defined to be the ratio of the contact rate to the number of people out in public – is increasing with the number of people out in public, then there exists a unique Nash equilibrium. Moreover, in equilibrium, the amount of public avoidance is too low with respect to social welfare. On the other hand, if the contact ratio is decreasing in the number of people out in public, then there can be multiple Nash equilibria, none of which is in general socially optimal. Furthermore, the amount of public avoidance in equilibrium with a decreasing contact ratio is too high in that social welfare can be increased if more susceptible individuals choose to go out in public. In the special case where the contact ratio does not vary with the number of people out in public, there is a unique Nash equilibrium, and it is also the socially optimal outcome. Journal of Theoretical Biology 302 (2012), 18-28.
(With M. Jiang, S. Rabidoux*, and S. Robinson) In this paper, we present a mathematical model of infectious disease transmission in which people can engage in public avoidance behavior to minimize the likelihood of acquiring an infection. The framework employs the economist's theory of utility maximization to model people's decision regarding their level of public avoidance. We derive the reproductive number of a disease which determines whether an endemic equilibrium exists or not. We show that when the contact function exhibits saturation, an endemic equilibrium must be unique. Otherwise, multiple endemic equilibria that differ in disease prevalence can coexist, and which one the population gets to depends on initial conditions. Even when a unique endemic equilibrium exists, people's preferences and the initial conditions may determine whether the disease will eventually die out or become endemic. Public health policies that increase the recovery rate or encourage self-quarantine by infected people can be beneficial to the community by lowering disease prevalence. However, it is also possible for these policies to worsen the situation and cause prevalence to rise since these measures give people less incentive to engage in public avoidance behavior. We also show that implementing policies that result in a higher level of public avoidance behavior in equilibrium does not necessarily lower prevalence and can result in more infections. Journal of Theoretical Biology 278 (2011), 107-119.
The author presents a simple geometric method to graphically illustrate the expected utility from a gamble with more than two possible outcomes. This geometric result gives economics students a simple visual aid for studying expected utility theory and enables them to analyze a richer set of decision problems under uncertainty compared to what they typically see in an intermediate-level microeconomics course. Journal of Economic Education 41 (2010), 63-70.
(With A. Kays*) In this note, we use game theory to study the incentives that college students have for purchasing season tickets to their schools’ football games if the schools implement a lottery system whereby students can try to win free tickets by entering an online drawing. Mathematics Magazine 82 (2009), 283-289.
How the quality of information about the prevalence of an infectious disease affects individuals’ incentives to adopt self-protective actions to reduce the risk of infection is studied using an economic/game-theoretic model of epidemics. In the model, agents make inferences regarding the current prevalence of a disease by observing the health status of a subset of the population. Therefore, the higher the number of agents whose infection status can be observed, the better one’s information about the current prevalence is. In particular, it is assumed that an agent’s estimate of the current prevalence depends on observations of the current health status of other agents and on the agent’s estimate of past prevalence, and that the agent places more weight on the current observations in forming an estimate of the prevailing prevalence when the number of observations increases. It is shown that the likelihood of eradicating an infectious disease through behavioral changes depends critically on the amount of information that individuals have access to, which also determines whether prevalence will be relatively stable or will exhibit cyclical patterns over time. Increasing the amount of information that individuals possess may lower the likelihood of eradication. Mathematical Biosciences 217 (2009), 125-133.
(With A. Cottrell) The dynamics of an epidemic model with voluntary vaccinations are studied. Individual vaccination decisions are modelled using an economic/game-theoretic approach: agents in the model decide whether to vaccinate or not by weighing the cost and benefit of vaccination and choose the action that maximizes their net benefit. It is shown that, when vaccine efficacy is low, there are parameter values for which multiple steady-state equilibria and periodic equilibria coexist. When multiplicity of steady states is obtained, which one the population reaches in some cases depends entirely on agents’ expectations concerning the future course of an epidemic and not on the initial conditions of the model. Journal of Biological Dynamics 3 (2009), 357-375.
Rebated losses revisited
(With J. Grosjean) In S. N. Ethier and W. R. Eadington (eds.), Optimal Play: Mathematical Studies of Games and Gambling. Reno, NV: Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commerical Gaming, 2007.
An issue about more than disease. Winston-Salem Journal, June 23, 2007.
The impact that the introduction of vaginal microbicides and subsequent changes in condom usage have on HIV prevalence in men and women depends critically on the efficacy of microbicides in blocking transmission to women as well as their ability to reduce the infectiousness of infected women. Neglecting to consider how differences in microbicide efficacy by direction of transmission can affect HIV prevalence over time will result in underestimating the effect of condom replacement. AIDS 20 (2006), 1551-1553.
An susceptible-infected epidemic model with endogenous behavioral changes is presented to analyze the impact of a prophylactic vaccine on disease prevalence. It is shown that, with voluntary vaccination, whether an endemic equilibrium exists or not does not depend on vaccine efficacy or the distribution of agent-types. Although an endemic equilibrium is unique in the absence of a vaccine, the availability of a vaccine can lead to multiple endemic equilibria that differ in disease prevalence and vaccine coverage. Depending on the distribution of agent-types, the introduction of a vaccine or, if one is available, a subsidy for vaccination can increase disease prevalence by inducing more risky behavior. Journal of Mathematical Biology 53 (2006), 253-272.
An epidemiological model of HIV transmission with endogenously determined risk behavior is presented, and its predictions regarding the impact of improving access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are derived. It is shown that, if antiretroviral treatment decreases the transmission probability by a higher percentage than the treatment-induced reduction in AIDS mortality rate, then HIV incidence may decrease by expanding ART coverage. Otherwise, increasing access to treatment will worsen the epidemic. Although expanding ART coverage can result in disease eradication if the transmission probability is lowered sufficiently, the conditions under which eradication obtains are more stringent than those predicted by conventional epidemiological models with exogenously specified individual behavior. The Mathematical Scientist 31 (2006), 11-20.
An epidemic model of HIV transmission with self-protective behavior and preferred mixing is presented. Individuals in the model are assumed to choose their levels of risk behavior by comparing the costs and benefits of self-protective actions. Unlike in models which treat individual risk behavior as exogenously given and fixed, the condition under which an endemic steady state equilibrium exists does not depend on the extent of assortative mixing in the population. Specifically, a unique endemic equilibrium exists when the basic reproductive number of the disease, which is given in the model by the expected number of secondary infections caused by an infected individual in the absence of any self-protection, is strictly greater than one. Otherwise, the disease-free equilibrium is the only steady state equilibrium. With respect to changes in contact patterns, it is shown that, if the degree of preferred mixing is increased, the disease prevalence can decrease in the high-risk subpopulation consisting of individuals who are more likely to engage in unsafe practices. The situation is reversed for the low-risk subpopulation, which is composed of individuals who are less willing to engage in risky practices, so that increasing the likelihood of mixing with members of one’s own group may increase the prevalence level within the low-risk subpopulation. Mathematical Biosciences 199 (2006), 141-159.
(With J. Heckelman) The pairwise lottery system is a multiple round voting procedure which chooses by lot a winner from a pair of alternatives to advance to the next round where in each round the odds of selection are based on each alternative’s majority rule votes. We develop a framework for determining the asymptotic relative likelihood of the lottery selecting in the final round the Borda winner, Condorcet winner, and Condorcet loser for the three alternative case. We also show the procedure is equivalent to a Borda lottery when only a single round of voting is conducted. Finally, we present an alternative voting rule which yields the same winning probabilities as the pairwise lottery in the limiting case as the number of rounds of the pairwise lottery becomes large. Economic Theory 26 (2005), 607-617.
It is well-known from Becker’s [Becker, G., 1973. A theory of marriage, Part I. Journal of Political Economy 81, 813–846] analysis of the neoclassical marriage market that matching is positive assortative if agent-types are complements in household production. Shimer and Smith [Shimer, R., Smith, L., 2000. Assortative matching and search. Econometrica 68, 343–369] have shown that this result does not generally extend to markets with search frictions, and they provide additional conditions on the production function that guarantee assortative matching in these settings. Here, the relationship between the Shimer–Smith restrictions and equilibrium matching pattern is considered, and alternative proofs of their results on assortative matching are provided. Journal of Mathematical Economics 41 (2005), 705-721.
The susceptible-infected (SI) model is extended by allowing for individual optimal choices of self-protective actions against infection, where agents differ with respect to preferences and costs of self-protection. It is shown that a unique endemic equilibrium prevalence exists when the basic reproductive number of a STD is strictly greater than unity, and that the disease-free equilibrium is the unique steady state equilibrium when the basic reproductive number is less than or equal to one. Unlike in models that take individual behavior as given and fixed, the endemic equilibrium prevalence need not vary monotonically with respect to the basic reproductive number. Specifically, with endogenously determined self-protective behavior, a reduction in the basic reproductive number may in fact increase the endemic equilibrium prevalence. The global stability of the endemic steady state is established for the case of a homogeneous population by showing that, for any non-zero initial disease prevalence, there exists an equilibrium path which converges to the endemic steady state. Theoretical Population Biology 66 (2004), 307-316.
Unraveling in a dynamic matching market with Nash bargaining
Equilibrium sorting in a finite−horizon, two−sided matching market with heterogeneous agents is considered. It is shown that, if the match production function is additively separable in agent−types and if the division of match output is determined by the Nash bargaining solution, then an unraveling of the market obtains as the unique equilibrium in which all matches are formed in the first period. Economics Bulletin 3 (2003), 1-6.
Equilibrium sorting in marriage markets with search frictions and transferable utility is considered. In particular, a sufficient condition on payoffs for the formation of matches between agents of the same types is provided. Economics Letters 78 (2003), 317-321.
* student or former student | <urn:uuid:05dced83-c7e2-4f8d-a38e-699555ab2b96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frederickchen.org/publications | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.923738 | 5,413 | 2.265625 | 2 |
What is GDPR?
‘GDPR’ stands for the General Data Protection Regulation. It is an European Union (EU) data privacy law that has been in force since 25 May 2018. Although this law was passed by the EU, it also applies to organizations anywhere in the world so long as that organization targets or collects data related to people residing in the EU.
One of the key objectives of the GDPR is to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons and in particular their right to the protection of personal data.
Some Key Definitions of the GDPR
‘personal data’ means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person.
‘processing’ means any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction.
‘controller’ means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data.
‘processor’ means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the controller.
‘consent’ of the data subject means any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject’s wishes by which he or she, by a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of personal data relating to him or her.
To view the full GDPR resolution including all of its definitions, you can visit this page: https://gdpr.eu/tag/gdpr/
Do note that the full GDPR resolution has 11 Chapters, 99 Articles and 173 Recitals, so the information provided on this page is an ‘in a nutshell’ summary. The purpose of which is to provide you with an essence of what the resolution entails and how CoachVantage has aligned with the GDPR.
How the GDPR Applies to You, Your Clients and to CoachVantage
Let’s examine how the GDPR applies in the context of you functioning as a coach, to your coaching clients and to CoachVantage.
If you’re a coach located in the EU or if your clients are located in the EU (even though you may not be located in the EU), the GDPR applies to you.
Your clients are the ‘data subjects’.
If you collect personal data from your clients, you are the ‘data controller’.
If you use CoachVantage and provide your clients’ personal data to us, we are the ‘data processor’.
When you as a coach sign up to the CoachVantage SaaS application, you are our client (data subject), and CoachVantage is the ‘data controller’. The sub-processors we use to provide our service (such as our cloud hosting provider) are the ‘data processors’.
The following personal data is protected by the GDPR:
- Basic identity information such as name, address and ID numbers;
- Web data such as location or movements, IP address, cookie data and RFID tags;
- Health and genetic data;
- Biometric data;
- Racial or ethnic data;
- Political opinions;
- Sexual orientation;
- Data on person’s performance at work;
- Economic information;
- Personal preferences and interests;
- Other personal metrics such as reliability, behaviour patterns, etc.
The privacy rights of a data subject are:
- The right to be informed
- The right of access
- The right to rectification
- The right to erasure
- The right to restrict processing
- The right to data portability
- The right to object
- Rights in relation to automated decision making and profiling.
GDPR Best Practices with CoachVantage for Your Coaching Business
Replace your insecure paper client records and coaching notes
Paper client records, coaching notes and coaching logs can be easily opened by anyone in your office if they are left on your desk without proper security.
Coaches use CoachVantage to ensure that their session notes, client information and coaching logs are kept securely electronically, accessible only from their accounts with complex log-in credentials.
Manage your client information with ease
CoachVantage allows you to ‘archive’ your client Information at a click. You’ll also be able to export your client information easily, or update their information so that it’s always accurate and up to date.
If you give your clients access to a CoachVantage client account portal, they will be able to access and update their personal information.
Secure data processing
CoachVantage processes data on your behalf and uses sub-processors that are GDPR compliant.
Your legal requirements are covered
How CoachVantage is Aligned with the GDPR
To ensure that you fulfil your GDPR obligations and remain compliant as a data controller, one of the requirements is that you sign a Data Processing Addendum (DPA) with your third party processors, i.e. CoachVantage, who is processing data on your behalf.
You can access and download our DPA here.
Likewise, as a data controller, CoachVantage must do the same with its sub-processors, and make these sub-processors known to you.
You can view our sub-processors here.
We’ve also implemented appropriate technical and organizational security measures that are an ongoing facet of our GDPR compliance.
You can read more about these security measures on our Security page.
In addition, we’ve made it easy to see all the relevant legal documents here: | <urn:uuid:52f50a83-13ae-4213-8814-5a4441cd65cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coachvantage.com/gdpr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.913613 | 1,347 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Have you been among the list of A lot of people to choose from that's questioning what a web agency is? There exists a somewhat simple solution to that issue. They are really the companies that get the job done with other corporations for making their Web sites a lot more users friendly and searchable over the internet. They try this via a number of marketing and online search engine tactics. Right here we will protect a Component of the advertising facet as well as a little on Performing the major search engines effectively. With any luck , following examining the following you're a little far better educated on just how an internet agency will help you get your small business around and acquire extra business enterprise.
Advertising and marketing
An internet agency may help you using your advertising and marketing by making it simpler for your website for being searched. They will help you to attract far more consideration to your site by rendering it additional marketable and searchable. You will discover many alternative varieties of style and design that can be implemented inside the advertising of your internet site, and the assistance of an experienced is often an added gain in your case.
For anyone that is thinking about building their website a lot more marketable, This is able to be a fantastic Answer. You can find multiple web company obtainable, so it is often going to be greatest to do a little analysis to grasp which has the solutions you are about to have to have while nonetheless having the ability to continue to be inside the finances vary that you've for this distinct part of your site layout.
Search engine optimisation
This is an additional type of promoting for Web-sites. What this does is to help make your internet site additional searchable through engines like google by putting normally searched keyword phrases around the topics that your organization operates with through the knowledge that is definitely on your web site. Seo is different from online search engine internet marketing since the previous of both of these is exactly where the companies must shell out the various search engines for getting their websites in the very best of the listings, and the initial is getting there Normally through the use of the Beforehand described keywords and phrases.
There is yet another web agency kind that doesn't focus on the marketing facet of the web site. Relatively this a single focuses on making the location person pleasant and a focus grabbing. This sort of company employs professionals which will aid you in developing a fantastic style for your web site. These organizations do utilize some specialists that get the job done advertising and marketing into the look of the website, but they are not always advertising primarily based companies. A great deal of these leaves the promoting aspect of the site to the corporation that is definitely managing the positioning.
Though there is multiple variety of web company, all of them enable you to to carry out exactly the same detail ultimately. That may be to draw a lot realizzazione app torino more consideration to your web site and get much more site visitors to be able to hopefully get additional company to the products and solutions or services and after that make more money from your site. Just like anything else, ensure you do your exploration to learn what you're stepping into. | <urn:uuid:537f4f0a-1120-44ab-b3c7-00b04ba6c925> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pocketsizehandsanitizer97025.getblogs.net/42095280/what-web-agency-do-you-want | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.961178 | 637 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Vietnamese official currency is the Dong (VND). But other foreign currencies, preferably US dollar are well accepted in the nation wide, especially in big cities and major tourist’s destinations. Unless you pay by cards, paying with your home currency in cash is a more expensive way, as the exchange rate will be converted with the vendor’s own rate. When you are agreeing with prices in shops or restaurants, always use VND to avoid trouble about the exchange rate that may happen. Some places use the official exchange rate but some try to use their own. So make sure you have some Vietnam dongs with you. And no need to change all your monies into VND and take them along with you. ATMs machines and exchange bureaus are everywhere.
Vietnam money and how not to get confused
At time of writing 1 USD trades approximately 22,400 dongs. I know that the heck of many zeros! And I’m afraid you have to get used to it well during your time in Vietnam. But look! You’ll become a millionaire instantly right when you change some money into Vietnam money. Make sure you include that in postcards sent home. This is the table of how much approximately popular currencies convert into dongs. (June 2016)
To check out how much is the exchange rate of the day you can visit the official website of Vietcombank here. Or use apps in your smart phones- which are now really popular.
If you are going to change some of your home currency into VND at banks, please make sure those notes are clean, undamaged and not too badly creasy with NO writing of all type on them. And the most important is, if the banks can spot out some fake money, they will evict it under all circumstances.
Visa and Master cards are well accepted in almost all hotels, boats, restaurants, shopping malls in every big cities of Vietnam. They usually ask for a surcharge of 3% for Visa and Master cards, and 4% for American Express. When using your cards to pay, make sure you witness the whole process and not letting the cards out of your sights. I’ve got clients who visited Vietnam coming back home to know that they’ve got their money stolen from their cards. Also make sure you inform your banks that you are traveling to Vietnam. So they won’t block your cards when abnormal usage of cards is suspected.
And NEVER ever fall for offer to change your money to Vietnam money by some “really good exchange rate” people on the street. There is a big chance of scams like fake money or even snatching it from you and run. Always do it at banks, official exchange bureaus or your hotels.
Also try not to change or withdraw too much money at a time. Depends on the type of your cards you can withdraw maximum 20 millions dongs a day. And at one process you can withdraw maximum 2 million dongs. The largest value of one note is 500,000 dongs being roughly about 23 USD or 20EUR. And here is the list of notes and how much value in some popular currencies. You can print this out and consult it quickly when in need.
And there are also 5,000- 2,000- 1,000- 500 dong notes but they are too small to mention. Just forget about it. Wait, they can become handy when you go to public toilets. Public toilets will charge you 2,000/time/person. Better keep those small notes.
All those above notes come in all colors and sizes. And some of them look quite familiar with only a careless glance. Like the 200,000 note looks like the 50,000 note. Take a good look when you receive Vietnam money change from vendors.
There are also coins of 5,000- 2,000-1,000-500-200 but they are no longer in use. If you happen to have some Vietnam coins then take them home as souvenir. No vendors will accept them anymore.
When you are finishing your Vietnam trip make sure you spend up all the Vietnam money you have. As when out of Vietnam the VND will not be accepted, except some very few places in Cambodia and Laos. And it is next to impossible to convert dongs into dollars or any other currencies. Some places like travel agencies could do it for you but not with the rate you expect. So better calculate the Vietnam money you need and only change/withdraw some at a time. Again do not change all your cash into Vietnam money at once.
Please contact Incense Travel’s experts to start customizing your luxury Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia tours. It’s never been easier to combine Hanoi, Halong Bay, Sapa, Hue, Hoi An, Saigon, Vientiane, Luang Prabang, Phnom Penh and Siem Reap into a package tour. We specialize in tailor-made itineraries according to your interests and schedule, private touring with your personal guides and drivers.
By Pham Tuyen | <urn:uuid:98cec05f-57fe-413e-9925-ac8649cfe8cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://incensetravel.com/2016/12/vietnam-money-and-how-not-to-get-confused | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.950214 | 1,058 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Buy Saffron Mix/ Crocus Flower Bulbs (Set of 02 Bulbs)
HOW TO PLANT SAFFRON BULBS:
Saffron flourishes in dry Mediterranean environments. Daintily water or fog the dirt in the event that precipitation is under six inches each month where you reside. This harvest time blossoming crocus will show foliage in the late winter and garish fledgling sprouts in the fall.
Make a point to establish Saffron Crocus bulbs no less than about a month and a half before the chance of ice. The bulbs (corms) don't store well and ought to be established not long after you get them. August is the best opportunity to establish in colder areas
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF SAFFRON BULBS:
Saffron Crocus really does best in full sun and all-around depleted soil that is tolerably wealthy in natural matter. Preferably, the site ought to be moderately dry in summer, when the corms are lethargic.
Saffron Mix/ Crocus Flower bulbs comes in Purple, White and Kesaria color. Size of the bulbs are approx 2 inches. | <urn:uuid:bfe8ea69-6e11-4ee7-a43e-a788ac611743> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://urbanplants.co.in/products/buy-saffron-mix-crocus-flower-bulbs-set-of-02-bulbs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.906872 | 249 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The Center for Research in Educational Policy (CREP) is a State Center of Excellence, designated as one of Tennessee's most prestigious centers. Since 1989, we have been dedicated to improving student learning by serving as a valuable resource in PreK-12 educational research, evaluation, and consultation. We also provide services in instrument development and assessment to institutions of higher education, non-profits, community organizations, and businesses. As national education policy shifts, CREP strives to provide up-to-date, relevant data useful to schools, universities, and policy makers.
As a long-term contributor to the fields of educational research and policy, CREP has extensive experience in research design, execution, and program implementation and evaluation across the country, including school, district, state, and multi-state programs. We have served as a direct contributor to research addressing the goals of Race to the Top and No Child Left Behind, as proposed by the National Academy of Sciences, the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC), and the Center on Innovation & Improvement. Our fully staffed statistics department has the capacity to manage and analyze large data sets using both qualitative and quantitative tools, experience developing and running quasi-experimental and Randomized Control Trials (RCTs), and thorough knowledge and application of WWC procedures and standards.
We meet the diverse needs of the educational community by planning and conducting high-quality studies, designing valid and reliable instruments for gathering data, and combining scholarship with personalized, practical services. Our staff of trained researchers, practitioners, and research assistants have experience conducting both small- and large-scale evaluations. Our experience in education, evaluation, and practical solutions for stakeholders' needs has earned CREP national recognition for work in areas including:
- School reform and choice
- Teaching methods
- School climate
- Educational technology
- Museum education
- Student attitude assessment
- Teacher support
- Parent and community involvement
- Technology use
- Program implementation
- Student achievement
In addition to a sizable existing bank of valid and reliable instruments, we design customized quantitative and qualitative survey, observation, and interview tools to meet the specific needs of stakeholders. We also employ formative evaluation methods for school improvement decision-making and support, interventions for at-risk students, literacy and early literacy, science, technology, engineering and math (STEM); professional development, and school climate and culture. Our objective evaluations meet the requirement for third-party evaluators mandated by major grantors, such as NSF and IES.
Read about our current research or contact us by e-mail or toll free at 1.866.670.6147 for more information. | <urn:uuid:21027fa8-1f19-46c4-a93f-f714b9d5d2c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.memphis.edu/crep/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.942981 | 540 | 2.1875 | 2 |
If we analyze arsenic pollution geographically, the U.S. is the number one most polluted place in the entire world. This is because arsenic-containing pesticides have been used in the farming industry for decades. Rice is not the main exposure source in the US. In the US around three-quarters of arsenic exposure comes from animal products directly and mostly from the chicken that is considered to be a “healthier” meat source. In second place is beef, then pork, hot dogs, eggs, milk.
In India alone, around half a million people die each year due to air pollution while in the United States, around 41,000 people are estimated to die early because of air pollution. However, air pollution resulting in death is only a one part of the overall problem that air pollution is causing.
Farmed fish have up to ten times the levels of pollutants than wild fish. Fish waste and also uneaten feed drop to the bottom beneath these farms and start to decompose. Also, the excrement of the animals themselves is used as fish feed. In order to cope with these conditions farmed fish are vaccinated as minnows. After vaccination fish is always on antibiotics and pesticides.
Most of the pollution is washed away from the land and will end up in the ocean eventually. If the pollutant is persistent it will remain in the ocean. The concentration in the ocean water will be low but the plankton and algae will filter the water and then the bioaccumulation in the food chain will begin.
Children and especially pregnant women are vulnerable to pesticide exposure. If we analyze real-world exposure levels in real-life scenarios, what would the result be?
Most of the pesticides and especially heavy metals and other toxic waste pollutants we get, we get from meat. More than 80 percent of pesticide exposure in the standard American diet comes from animal products, not from fruits or vegetables.
Pesticides are neurotoxins for insects but not for humans. Exposure to these substances in the human population directly causes cancer and other tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, birth defects, infertility, and other reproductive problems, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, sterility and infertility, brain and nervous system damage, damage to the liver, kidneys, lungs, and other body organs.
If we are living in a city where we are sure that the water source is pure this still does not mean that the water is “pure”. If we cannot escape chemicals in our food, we can try to eliminate them from the water we drink. By 2025, 1.8 billion people are projected to be living in regions with absolute water scarcity.
Sulforaphane is the most potent natural phase 2 enzyme-inducer know to science. It is also demonstrated that sulforaphane is a dose-related inhibitor of carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis.
Man-made sources of EMF radiation such as power grids, mobile phones, computers, Wi-Fi routers, TVs, microwave ovens, radar, and radio transmitters provide continuous low-level radiation. The situation can only get worse.
We all want to have muscle mass as much as possible and fast metabolism as much as possible so that we can eat and don’t gain weight. The question is how normal is this and what is the price of constant eating with no restriction even if we don’t gain executive weight? Evolutionary biology will again tell us what is healthy.
Somehow we all believe that one glass of wine is not all that bad and can actually be good and health-promoting because of all of the antioxidants from the grapes. People are not aware that alcohol does other things than “just” killing our brain cells or stressing our liver. It is a genotoxic, cancerous, pro-inflammatory mutagen.
In the US acrylamide is classified as a Group 2A carcinogen and as an extremely hazardous substance. In 2002 it was discovered in extremely high concentrations in potato chips and French fries. The concentrations were so high that these two types of food would be banned for children in any normal circumstances.
There is no known animal in nature except modern humans that grills meat. When we heat amino acids (building blocks of protein) in the presence of creatine and monosaccharide sugars, they have a reaction and amino acids lose their molecular form. Our body does not recognize them as different, and this causes mutations to DNA. | <urn:uuid:1f9257d1-bc5f-483d-abfa-323608b8dfbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://goveganway.com/category/cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949161 | 911 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Parents are constantly working hard to make sure their child has everything they need before they move out or go off to college on their own. Countless hours are spent on studying and homework, playing sports, and learning lifelong lessons. While managing money is one of the most important aspects of our adult lives, many parents neglect teaching their children how to handle finances.
Learning financial responsibility at a young age can help children make wise decisions as a young adult, which in turn sets them up for a life of success. This can lead to a head start when planning for retirement and saving for large purchases like a home.
Darcy Bergen, founder of Bergen Financial Group, shares 6 tips for teaching children financial responsibility.
- 1.Take your child grocery shopping. This is an opportunity to teach your kids how to balance a budget while shopping for your family’s weekly needs. Darcy Bergen suggests increasing their budget in increments to provide more opportunity for practice as they get older.
2.Next, Darcy Bergen suggests giving them real money to manage. Start with small activities such as providing $5 to pick out a toy or snack. This not only helps them learn how to count change, but they will be more confident in the future. This will set them up to have a better idea of how far a dollar gets you.
3.Teach the Save, Spend, Give model. For older kids, it is appropriate to do this in bank accounts and with budgets. With children, use three small jars with labels so the child can make decisions on how to allocate their money. Darcy Bergen recommends making them save for a goal that is far away to teach patience.
4.Practice what you preach. If you lecture the importance of frugality and saving, but make purchases that are unnecessary and have very little savings, your children will more than likely not abide by what you preach. Children seek a role model and by showing them good financial habits, they will be more likely to pick up on those.
5.Pay your children an appropriate rate for extra chores they do around the house. If your child offers to mow the lawn, pay them the amount that is fair for the job done. If the job was done poorly, teach them that unless the job is done correctly, they will not get paid. This increases the child’s exposure to how services should be performed in real life.
- 6.For older kids, teach the importance of avoiding high interest debt. The average American has around $7,000 in credit card debt. The high interest debt takes a lot longer to get rid of and as a young adult, it is better to avoid it all together. Young adults do need to build credit, but they don’t need a high credit limit. Parents should help their children seek credit limits no higher than $500 and limit the number of cards to just one. Teaching good credit card practices is crucial for the young adult in this day and age. | <urn:uuid:d2c693ea-c151-4a1b-8635-7bff26f2d7ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ebiznewswire.com/darcy-bergen-gives-6-tips-to-teach-kids-financial-responsibility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96374 | 612 | 3.5 | 4 |
There have been plenty of attempts to confuse the public over who pays the Major Bank Levy. While it is supposedly a tax on the five major banks of about $1.6 billion per year, it will actually end up being a tax on mortgages, as argued by Australian experts and the international evidence.
This extra tax on households occurs when personal taxes are increasing — including through bracket creep — and wages are flatlining. Businesses interest rates are also likely to rise, which will result in reduced investment; which is already perilously low. And the harmful effect of the levy on GDP could be almost double the harm caused by a personal tax increase of the same size.
But don’t believe the illusion that the levy’s impact is ‘small’. Government should never allow a bad policy to slip through just because it is small, otherwise we would see millions of small but bad decisions implemented — creating an enormous problem.
In addition, the government has rightly condemned a proposed increase in the top personal tax rate to 49%, which raises similar revenue to the bank levy. If this arguably small, but bad, decision can be criticised, so can the bank levy.
And there is another implicit trick in this argument: it assumes the levy will always be ‘small’ in size. However, the levy could easily be increased to more harmful levels — the UK’s equivalent levy was reportedly increased nine times.
Other trickery includes incorrect assertions the levy will: improve bank resilience, help maintain Australia’s credit rating, align Australia with other developed countries, and offset supposedly ‘unfair’ big bank advantages. All these arguments are dissembling.
We don’t need these ongoing lessons in obfuscation. A poor policy such as the bank levy should be seen as such and not be hidden by all these illusionist’s tricks. | <urn:uuid:b96f8287-d458-4a76-aa08-58df013f0c31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cis.org.au/commentary/opinion/major-bank-levy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.950607 | 384 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Who are Electrify Heat?
The campaign is jointly managed by environmental think tank E3G and environmental public affairs consultancy Culmer Raphael.
Who is involved?
Electrify Heat is a campaign launched by businesses, climate and consumer focused groups in July 2021 with the aim of advocating for clean and climate friendly heat for the UK. The funding to launch the campaign for its first year has been provided by the European Climate Foundation. This campaign will seek to create the political and policy conditions to get UK households electrified.
"Energy Saving Trust is an independent organisation dedicated to promoting energy efficiency, low carbon transport and sustainable energy use. We aim to address the climate emergency and deliver the wider benefits of clean energy as we transition to net zero. We empower householders to make better choices, deliver transformative programmes for governments and support businesses with strategy, research and assurance – enabling everyone to play their part in building a sustainable future."
All members of the campaign have signed up to the following principles for the UK transition to clean heating:
A people-centred approach
A people-centred approach which puts households, workers, and communities first.
Get on track to meet targets
Get on track to meet Government targets, including rapidly accelerating heat pump deployment.
Need for speed
Decision-making reflects a ‘need for speed’ to urgently get on track for net-zero, building the market this decade to drive down costs for all.
A level playing field
Level the playing field to ensure the running costs of heat pumps are just as attractive as fossil gas.
A well-governed transition
A well-governed transition to clean heat, with national and local bodies working together to deliver the best outcomes for households and communities. | <urn:uuid:8b802683-6474-467f-be57-7d7137dfcfc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://electrifyheat.uk/who-is-involved/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95533 | 360 | 1.710938 | 2 |
You really should take your makeup off before going to bed.
Housekeeper Theresa Lynch found that out the hard way. For 25 years, she didn’t bother removing her mascara before going to bed.
It wasn’t a problem — until painful black lumps swelled in her eyelids.
“They were embedded so deep that particles were building up on top of each other,” she tells Caters News Agency. “I was so uncomfortable. My eyelids were swollen and heavy because I left it for so long.”
Lynch, who’s based in Sydney, Australia, visited a doctor when her eye pain wasn’t alleviated by regular eyedrops.
There, she learned she had calcifications deep within her eyelids, caused by mascara buildup. She had to undergo a 90-minute surgical procedure to remove the bumps.
“It was certainly disabling. She has suffered permanent scarring on her eyelid and the surface of her cornea,” Dr. Dana Robaei, Lynch’s surgeon, tells Caters. “This was an amazing case, I’d never seen anything like it. But this is a risk not many people are aware of.”
Sleeping in makeup comes with other health risks, although generally less dramatic ones than Lynch faced. Most commonly, it clogs up your pores and causes zits. Basically, “You don’t want to leave things on longer than you have to,” dermatologist Dr. David Orentreich tells Cosmo.
Lynch certainly doesn’t. Today, she always takes off her makeup before getting shuteye.
“I had fallen into a bad habit,” Lynch says. “I should never have let it get this far.” | <urn:uuid:16b6e29d-87cf-4148-a97f-7e6b18872b75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nypost.com/2018/06/01/sleeping-with-mascara-on-nearly-blinded-me/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.982363 | 383 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Finance students discover ways to increase, make investments, and manage capital in artistic, productive, and responsible ways. As a Louisiana Tech finance major Finance, you’ll get hands-on experience in research, pricing, and investing by way of career-building internships, simulated coaching, and managing real-world portfolios.
What is a good sentence for the word finance?
(1) She is an expert in finance. (2) Finance for education comes from taxpayers. (3) There remains the problem of finance. (4) Finance for the National Health Service comes from taxpayers.
The Finance Area faculty embrace famend scholars who are experts of their field, in addition to practitioners with real-world expertise within the monetary business. International Business The international business program prepares you to become an adept business leader in a worldwide economic system. Cornerstone business finance majors also have the opportunity to qualify for superior standing in our Master of Business Administration 4+1 program. This gives you the choice to earn both bachelor’s and master’s degrees in as few as 5 years. Basic theoretical framework for decision-making in financial administration and the function of the financial supervisor in capital budgeting, investing and financing actions.
Unit 3: Threat, Return And Weighted Average Cost Of Capital
Ratio analysis is used to check a firm’s performance with that of other companies in the same industry or with the performance of industry normally. It is also used to check developments in the firm’s performance over time and thus to anticipate issues earlier than they develop. An improve in cash holdings, as an example Business & Finance, reduces danger; but, as a end result of cash just isn’t an earning asset, changing other forms of belongings to money reduces the firm’s profitability. Similarly, using extra debt can increase the profitability of a firm , but extra debt means more danger.
As a finance skilled, you could have the ability to change a business or family’s monetary future. In this program, you will be challenged to craft solutions to real-world situations with assistance from college who have intensive experience of their area. At graduation, you’ll be totally prepared to turn into a business skilled who is seeking first the dominion of God. Our business finance curriculum offers you a Christian view of finance, which can give you perception into extra trustworthy monetary planning, for each your self and others. In addition, our industry consultants present specialized training through unique workshops and academies in funding banking, funding management, industrial real estate, strategic finance, capital markets, and wealth management. In addition to school requirements for transfer admission, switch applicants (including non-degree and diploma seeking from different academic units) to KSB ought to have a minimal three.00 GPA (on a four.00 scale). All transfer students are required to take MGMT-458and at least 21 upper-level credit hours towards their major requirements in residence.
Controller Vs Cfo: Which Does My Business Need?
Servicemembers and veterans can select certainly one of our levels designed specifically for navy students, or select from one of our 175+ programs. We will consider your JST and civilian transcript for credit and decide probably the most environment friendly path to your chosen degree. Cash-flow statements present you ways much cash your business has earned or used throughout a selected time period. If you’re using the cash accounting methodology, you’ll find a way to already see how much cash you’ve available.
Our specialized providers are available for each small, mid-sized and large companies including new business start-ups. Our accounting and tax professionals are wanting to get you the tax help with all of your individual and business needs. BFS additionally understands that people and businesses alike face complicated monetary challenges through the course of conducting business. Streamlined solutions are developed for every shopper that goes beyond fundamental accounting offered by different corporations.
A variety of degrees could fulfill the schooling requirement for a finances analyst place, similar to a bachelor’s diploma accounting, finance, business, public administration, economics, statistics, political science, or sociology. At a middle Business market size where revenues are generally over $20 million, most companies search capital beyond their local markets.
- In today’s competitive job market, people need not solely excellent computer skills, but additionally the ability to write down and speak properly and to current knowledgeable, polished appearance.
- Our Life Sciences group draws on deep business expertise, clinical insights and cross-asset class investing expertise to drive advances in therapeutics, diagnostics and instruments to enhance the lives of sufferers with unmet medical needs.
Businesses tend to rent insurance coverage investigators with prior expertise as regulation enforcement officers, personal investigators, claims adjusters, or examiners for their interviewing and interrogation abilities. Real estate appraisers and real property assessors should take persevering with training programs to maintain their license. Management accountants can advance via the ranks of a company and become anything from an accounting manager, to financial vice chairman or chief monetary officer, or perhaps a company president. They are also liable for reviewing and assuring accuracy and regulation compliance in financial statements, account books, and accounting procedures. They also find new methods of price discount and income enhancement to improve income. | <urn:uuid:e3ff011c-8daf-4ea7-8ae2-f834d4b91721> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.barato-moncler.com/private-finance.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.943603 | 1,083 | 2.25 | 2 |
Computational Tools for Genome-Wide miRNA Prediction and Study
Tareq B. Malas1, Timothy Ravasi2, *
Identifiers and Pagination:Year: 2012
First Page: 23
Last Page: 30
Publisher Id: TOBIOJ-5-23
Article History:Received Date: 20/05/2009
Revision Received Date: 20/10/2009
Acceptance Date: 29/10/2009
Electronic publication date: 02/11/2012
Collection year: 2012
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA susually of 22 nucleotidesin length that play an important post-transcriptional regulation role in many organisms. MicroRNAs bind a seed sequence to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) region of the target messenger RNA (mRNA), inducing degradation or inhibition of translation and resulting in a reduction in the protein level. This regulatory mechanism is central to many biological processes and perturbation could lead to diseases such as cancer. Given the biological importance, of miRNAs, there is a great need to identify and study their targets and functions. However, miRNAs are very difficult to clone in the lab and this has hindered the identification of novel miRNAs. Next-generation sequencing coupled with new computational tools has recently evolved to help researchers efficiently identify large numbers of novel miRNAs. In this review, we describe recent miRNA prediction tools and discuss their priorities, advantages and disadvantages. | <urn:uuid:4886002a-a5ba-4e1d-881a-69c1a3203c68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://openbiologyjournal.com/VOLUME/5/PAGE/23/ABSTRACT/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.879096 | 432 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The Quick Launch bar was introduced to Windows in Windows XP. You can also find it in Windows Vista, but by the time Windows 7 was released, Microsoft decided to no longer include it as a default feature. The reason was simple: with the ability to drag program icons to the taskbar, Microsoft didn’t think there was any need for Quick Launch toolbar anymore.
However, Microsoft may have underestimated how much users enjoy the Quick Launch toolbar. Now several years after the release of Windows 10, some users still wish they had it back. Luckily for them, Microsoft has left the option there for anyone to create a new toolbar whenever they want to, and you can use that to create the Quick launch toolbar if you like.
In addition to the toolbar, you can have Quick Launch available from a file’s context menu as well. That way when you want to send a file somewhere from the Send to menu, you can choose Quick launch along with the rest of your usual options.
The following tutorial demonstrates show to add the Quick Launch from the Send to context menu.
An example of the Quick Launch available from the Send to context menu:
How to Add Quick Launch Bar to ‘Send to’ in File Explorer’s Context Menu in Windows 10
Here is how you can add and remove the Quick Launch toolbar from the “Send to” context menu in Windows 10:
1. From the File Explorer window, type shell:sendto into the File Explorer address bar, and then press the Enter key on your keyboard. (click to enlarge screenshot below)
2. From within the SendTo folder, right-click on the white background where there are no files or folders (expand the window if you have to) and then hover the cursor over New and click Shortcut. (click to enlarge screenshot below)
3. When Windows asks you what item you would like to create a shortcut for, type the following and then click Next:
%UserProfile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Quick Launch
4. Leave the name Quick Launch and click Finish.
5. The Quick Launch shortcut is now added to the SendTo folder and will be there as an option whenever you open the SendTo menu. (click to enlarge screenshot below) | <urn:uuid:50d49f8c-3ffd-4911-89e2-457962a5718d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://consumingtech.com/add-quick-launch-to-send-to-context-menu-in-windows-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.891098 | 476 | 1.601563 | 2 |
There are 6,909 languages spoken around the globe and three quarters of children worldwide speak two or three of them. Every country has become multilingual. But these days, when you add in new digital modes of expression like emojis, chatspeak, memes, and photo messaging, communication begins to look even more fragmented.
Spoken language might not be universal, but the way we communicate digitally can be. Whether you speak one language or many, digital or otherwise, Entefy’s platform is built to streamline communication in amazing new ways. | <urn:uuid:7bc5df78-8917-4713-a4de-ca1049200aa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.entefy.com/blog/english-mandarinemojis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.905887 | 113 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Values & Goals
Academic advising is a cooperative relationship between the advisor and student that promotes individual learning, success, degree completion and goal attainment.
The Office of Academic Advising embraces the core values of Davidson County Community College (DCCC) which are as follows:
- Community – caring about students, each other, the people we serve, and responding to their needs
- Responsibility – teaching, modeling, and cultivating an attitude of self-direction for ourselves and students
- Change – embracing collaboration, adaptability, creativity, innovation, and risk-taking
- Excellence – committing to excellence in the programs and services we offer
- Trust – embodying honesty, integrity, openness, equity, inclusion, and respect for all
- Passion – pursuing our mission with purpose, joy, and fun
Based on the College’s core values, the goals for the Office of Academic Advising are to:
- Assist students with identifying personal and professional goals related to future employment or advanced educational opportunities.
- Foster in students skills towards becoming informed decision makers and self-directed learners.
- Collaborate with students through the use of the College’s resources to promote degree completion.
- Develop with students mutually agreed upon educational plans that empower them to appraise their progress.
Student Learning Outcomes
As previously noted, advising is a cooperative relationship between the advisor and student. The following learning outcomes have been established.
- Students will know the importance of having academic and career goals.
- Students will know the college’s academic policies and procedures.
- Students will know the educational requirements for graduation in their chosen field.
- Students will value the relevance of having an educational plan for completing degree requirements.
- Students will demonstrate awareness of campus resources that accommodate and promote academic success.
- Students will apply internet technology for managing their academic and career goals.
- Students will evaluate their progress and if necessary modify strategies for achieving academic success.
- Students will complete requirements for participating in commencement, as well as college transfer procedures according to the institution’s deadlines. | <urn:uuid:510bb096-4030-4696-8565-9cd0a710fc71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.davidsondavie.edu/student-life/student-resources/academic-advising/values-learning-outcomes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.943137 | 424 | 2.09375 | 2 |
World Bank rejects El Salvador request for help in adopting bitcoin
Jun 18, 2021 - 07:28 AM
WASHINGTON — The World Bank rejected a request from El Salvador for assistance in its bid to adopt bitcoin as a currency, a spokesperson for the Washington-based development lender said Thursday.
El Salvador uses the US dollar as its official currency, but its legislature approved a measure on June 9 that will allow the volatile cryptocurrency to be used for all transactions starting in September, becoming the first nation to do so.
“While the government did approach us for assistance on bitcoin, this is not something the World Bank can support given the environmental and transparency shortcomings,” the World Bank official told AFP by email.
“We are committed to helping El Salvador in numerous ways including for currency transparency and regulatory processes.”
El Salvador Finance Minister Alejandro Zelaya said Wednesday that President Nayib Bukele had requested “technical help” from the World Bank to implement and regulate the use of the virtual currency.
But he stressed that the government is not “replacing the US dollar” with bitcoin.
The IMF also has flagged concerns about the use of cryptocurrency.
“Adoption of bitcoin as legal tender raises a number of macroeconomic, financial and legal issues that require very careful analysis,” IMF spokesman Gerry Rice told reporters last week after El Salvador’s decision, noting the “significant risks” posed by crypto assets.
The country is in talks with the IMF for additional financial aid, and Zelaya described recent discussions as “successful,” noting that fund officials were not opposed to the use of bitcoin but wanted to gauge its possible impact.
Bukele has promoted the move as a way to revitalize the nation’s economy, and extend access to banking to more of El Salvador’s people. | <urn:uuid:ed6e440a-ca55-4a29-a03e-984386507fc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lmbcbusiness.com/world-bank-rejects-el-salvador-request-for-help-in-adopting-bitcoin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945973 | 382 | 1.5 | 2 |
Radon is a colourless gas that naturally occurs, It is made when Uranium and Thoron in the earths crust decay over time. The radon gas then diffuses through the ground and is released into the air. Most of the time if you breathe radon in, you exhale it immediately, the problem does not lie here. When radon decays it decays into short lived radioactive particles. When you breath in radon these short lived radioactive particles can settle in your lungs as they are solid. As these particles decay they release alpha particles which causes alpha irradiation of cells, thus damaging them.
Radon is everywhere as it is naturally expelled from the earth. Generally speaking outdoors the radon diffuses through the air, and is in such small concentrations it is not an issue. However in buildings and homes the levels can build up, because it is trapped in.
The alpha irradiation of your lung cells can lead to lung cancer. A study found that radon is the cause of 9% of lung cancer deaths. The effects of radon are more significant if you are, or ever have been a smoker. More than 85% of radon-induced lung cancer deaths are among smokers.
The government supplies an interactive map service. The map covers the whole of the UK and you can search your postcode to check your area. The map is colour coded and gives each area a %. This percentage is the percentage chance that the houses in this are have an actionable level of radon (the actionable level is an annual average of 200 becquerels per cubic metre (200 Bq m-3) or above).
Visit the UK radon map here.
If your property is in an area affected by radon you you investigate further. You can order a home testing kit which you place in your home. The kit sits in your home for 3 months and monitors the level of radon, you then post it back and await results.
High levels of radon in your home leaves you at risk of health issues down the line and you must take action. There are a number of ways to reduce the level of radon in your home.
- Radon Sumps – These are the most effective way of reducing radon levels, they work best under solid floors, or suspended concrete. Sumps are relatively cheap to install, ranging from £800 to £2,000.
- Positive ventilation – This is where a small fan blows fresh air into the building.
- Natural under floor ventilation – This is for suspended floors only. Increasing the ventilation to the sub floor voids can greatly reduce the levels of radon in the home.
- Active under floor ventilation – Like natural underfloor ventilation this only works with suspended floors. A small fan blows air through the sub floor void to provide better ventilation.
Radon is a risk to health, however you can make yourself safer with easy fixes. It is really important that if your property is in a radon risk area you check the levels in your home. Lastly for more information please visit the government information site here.
Find out more about the risk of radon in your home!Tweet | <urn:uuid:3a947422-0ea1-4d24-9ffe-fe7386a866ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crookshank.co.uk/index.php/2021/04/06/the-radon-risk-in-the-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.940919 | 649 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Customers will visit the Palácio Nacional de Sintra, used by the Portuguese Royal Family practically until the end of the Monarchy, in 1910. It was here that D. Manuel received the news of the discovery of Brazil, it was here that D. Afonso V was born and died, it was here that D. Afonso VI was imprisoned, it was here that D. João II was made king.
This Palace has characteristics of medieval, Gothic, Manueline, Renaissance and romantic architecture. It is considered an example of organic architecture, of a set of bodies apparently separated, but which are part of a whole articulated among themselves, through patios, stairs, corridors and galleries. The palace has been classified as a National Monument since 1910.
The Pena Palace, located in the village of Sintra, represents one of the main expressions of 19th century architectural Romanticism in the world, constituting the first palace of its kind in Europe, built about 30 years before Neuschwanstein Castle, in Bavaria. On July 7, 2007 he was elected as one of the Seven Wonders of Portugal. The Pena Palace was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.
The National Palace of Queluz is an 18th century palace located in the town of Queluz in the municipality of Sintra. One of the last large Rococo buildings erected in Europe, the palace was built as a summer retreat for D. Pedro de Bragança, who would later become the husband and king consort of his niece, Queen D. Maria I of Portugal.
One of the wings of the Queluz Palace, the Dona Maria Pavilion, built between 1785 and 1792 by the architect Manuel Caetano de Sousa, is today an exclusive guest room for foreign heads of state visiting Portugal. It was classified as a National Monument in 1910.
The Palácio da Regaleira is the main building and the most common name of the Quinta da Regaleira palace, and the farm benefits from the micro-climate of the Sintra mountains, which greatly contributes to the lush gardens and the constant fog, which thickens its aura of mystery.
The palace is located on the hillside and a short distance from the Historic Center of Sintra, being classified as a Property of Public Interest since 2002.The same forms an integral part of the cultural landscape of Sintra, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.
Roca Cape is the westernmost point of mainland Portugal, as well as continental Europe. Located in the parish of Colares, municipality of Sintra, Cabo forms the western end of the Serra de Sintra, precipitating itself over the Atlantic Ocean.Luís Vaz de Camões, the Portuguese poet may described it in Canto III dos Lusíadas as the place “Where the land ends and the sea begins”.
- What To ExpectIn these monuments inserted in the Natural Park of Sintra, visitors will get to know a little about the History of Portugal, in addition to seeing wonderful works of architecture
- What Is Included- Private transportation
- Live commentary
- Hotel pickup and drop off
- What Is Not Included- Tickets to the monuments
- Food and drinks | <urn:uuid:198e8297-d043-4a52-a2d6-1e5f8e95914a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experitour.com/listings/sintra-private-tour-with-transportation-starting-from-lisbon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.965932 | 690 | 2.15625 | 2 |
E-Ethics Vol. I, No. VI (November, 2001)
(c) 2001 by David Hricik
"This is Not a Pipe"
What does Magritte's famous painting have to do with this month's edition of E-Ethics, you ask?
Only a little bit, actually. I thought of the Magritte painting while viewing law firm websites which state -- over and over again -- that "this is not legal advice" while providing me with all sorts of information which looked to me like legal advice. Which was reality?
This month's e-Ethics deals with the related question of the efficacy of the posting of "disclaimers" on law firm web sites which advise viewers of the site not to send e-mails to the firm with any information before the firm agrees in writing to represent the person. These disclaimers typically state that if someone sends the firm information before such time, the information will not be "confidential." I assume that such disclaimers are intended to mean either that the firm will be able to use the information against the sender, or, at minimum, that the firm will not be disqualified as a result of receiving the information.
The purpose of these disclaimers is in apparent response to the cases which hold that a person who in good faith seeks to hire a lawyer, and who discloses confidential information in so doing, can disqualify the lawyer -- and his firm. See, e.g., Gilmore v. Goedecke, 954 F. Supp. 187 (E. D. Mo. 1996) (entire firm disqualified from representing client of 50 years because the plaintiff contacted a firm lawyer by phone and disclosed confidences during the conversation). Many firms, in response to such cases, have prospective clients agree in writing before any face-to-face meeting that only the lawyers who actually receive information from the prospective client, rather than the entire firm, will be disqualified from being adverse to the prospective client if the firm is not retained.
A similar rationale apparently underlies these disclaimers. These firms want to warn prospective clients that "anything you send to us can be used against you in a court of law."
There may be a basic principle of contract law that defeats such disclaimers. Where is the assent by the prospective client?
The courts in addressing web-contracts are holding that terms which are merely somewhere on a web site are not part of a contract formed by a web site user. Instead, only terms which are affirmatively "clicked" and agreed to are part of the agreement. See Specht v. Netscape Communications Corp., 150 F.Supp.2d 585 (S.D.N.Y. 2001). In Netscape, an arbitration clause was on Netscape's website on a page of "user terms," but a user was not required to "click" acceptance to the arbitration clause before downloading software. Instead, the arbitration clause was merely on the site, and the user was asked to "please review" those terms and conditions. (This is known as "browser wrap" in web contracting parlance.)
Following the approach of other courts, the Netscape court held that there was no proof that the user had assented to the arbitration clause; hence, there was no agreement to arbitrate.
If your firm is relying upon a disclaimer somewhere on its site to impose a "we can use what you tell us against you" clause, that may not be enough. A clickwrap may be required. For an example of one firm using a click wrap approach click here and then on the left side, try to send the lawyer an e-mail.
Click wraps may be the only way to effectively ensure that information disclosed by a prospective client in an e-mail does not disqualify an entire firm.
E-Ethics is a free monthly e-mail based newsletter concerning ethical issues in the practice of law, ranging from conflicts of interest, to in-house counsel licensing requirements, to the ethics issues created by the use of high-technology. Links to numerous sites relating to those topics, as well as other discussions, can be found on Hricik.com. Obviously, as is the case with any legal question, the matters discussed in E-Ethics are time-sensitive and subject to change. No one should rely on E-Ethics in place of actual legal advice addressed to a specific set of known facts.
To subscribe, please go to www.Hricik.com and follow the links or send an e-mail with "subscribe e-ethics" in the subject line. To unsubscribe, please send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.org with "Unsubscribe E-Ethics" in the subject line or body of the e-mail. | <urn:uuid:ae5d6eb5-65bb-453f-855e-bfec98c737f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hricik.com/eethics/1.6.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955632 | 995 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Today, economy watchers were treated to more of the same from the housing market. That is, more weak numbers suggesting we may have seen the peak in housing activity for the cycle. This fits with our earlier analysis that higher lending rates – a function of both long-term government bond yields and short-term funding costs for banks – are starting to permeate one of the most cyclical areas of the economy. It is the consequence of monetary policy tightening, which as we know produces its intended effects with “long and variable lags”.
The metric of interest today is existing home sales. The reading came in at 5.15m units, which was well below the estimated 5.3m units and 4.1% below year ago levels. As the chart below shows, existing home sales have been falling all year long, and year-over-year growth rates have been mostly negative since September, 2017.
What’s more is that we should expect continued slowing in housing going forward. As the next chart below shows, mortgage rates (the red line on the right, inverted axis) lead the growth rate of existing home sales (blue line on the left axis) by four months.
Here is a closeup showing the same relationship over just the last five years. Higher mortgage rates are telegraphing a 7% year-over-year drop in existing home sales by January 2019.
The slowdown in home sales is likely to put pressure on prices. The below chart overlays the mean home selling price (red line, right axis) on top of existing home sales (blue line, left axis). Existing sales lead the selling price by eight months, and are telegraphing the slowest year-over-year growth in home prices since early 2012 when prices were on an upswing. | <urn:uuid:561a201c-166f-436b-bed7-6f55034fb436> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diamondbuyersclub.com/news/9454-more-evidence-of-a-slowing-housing-market,-and-its-implications | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.967654 | 376 | 1.9375 | 2 |
A Generation of Generations: Connecting Students to the Past
Even though Generations has been an important part of Shipley’s seventh grade curriculum since the early 1990s, the multi-disciplinary unit is more relevant than ever in the personal and academic lives of students.
Sure, some things about the unit have changed—like the time of year when it takes place and the specific teachers guiding students—but at its core, Generations is still about “who we are in relation to history,” says the project manual, which lays out the parameters of the nine assignments students are asked to complete during the final two weeks of the school year.
The Generations unit is also very much about exploring different ways of communicating, and students are given the opportunity to organize and present what they learn about their family and history in a variety of ways.
Through interviewing family members and friends, examining artifacts and memorabilia, engaging in activities and reading books their interview subjects did when they were growing up, students learn about the past and get a new perspective on their own lives.
In addition to giving students the opportunity to learn about themselves, Generations challenges them academically, too. With careful guidance, students manage and set their own deadlines to complete assignments, including a research project, a 5-7 page intergenerational narrative, and a retelling of a family story, among others.
Generations wraps up with a “Museum Reception,” where family members are invited to see the students’ work and sample their family recipes. It’s a true celebration for the ages.
The Shipley School is a private, coeducational day school for pre-kindergarten through 12th grade students, located in Bryn Mawr, PA. Through our commitment to educational excellence, we develop within each student a love of learning and a desire for compassionate participation in the world. | <urn:uuid:1d80f85f-373e-4d4e-a766-d0c6c5deb1dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shipleyschool.org/news-detail---the-shipley-magazine?pk=1190727&fromId=277009 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966683 | 391 | 2.59375 | 3 |
February 14 is Valentine’s Day—a day to celebrate love in its many forms. But did you know that nearly 50 years ago, February was designated as American Heart Month? During this month, we raise awareness about the risks for heart disease as well as healthy lifestyle changes that can reduce cardiovascular risks and promote healthy hearts.
Given that February is dedicated to celebrating love, caring, and heart health, it’s a great time to improve your own heart health or encourage loved ones to improve theirs by quitting smoking. About 130,000 cardiovascular disease deaths per year in the United States are attributable to smoking. Also, approximately 26% of heart attacks and 12–19% of strokes are attributable to smoking. The Surgeon General has concluded that cigarette smoking greatly increases one's risk for heart disease. Being smoke-free and eliminating exposure to secondhand smoke is important to heart health.
Quitting smoking could be the best Valentine’s Day present you can give to your family or your loved ones.
When you smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke, cells that line your body's blood vessels react to the poisons in tobacco smoke almost immediately. Your heart rate and blood pressure go up. Your blood vessels grow narrower. Chemical changes caused by tobacco smoke also make blood more likely to clot. Clots can form and block blood flow to your heart.
Smoking is one cause of dangerous plaque buildup inside your arteries. Plaque clogs and narrows your arteries. This can trigger chest pain, weakness, heart attack, or stroke. Plaque can rupture and cause clots that block arteries. Completely blocked arteries can cause sudden death. Smoking is not the only cause of these problems, but it makes them much worse.
Tobacco smoke hurts anyone who breathes it. When you breathe secondhand smoke, platelets in your blood get sticky and may form clots, just like in a person who smokes. Research shows that even spending time in a smoky room could trigger a heart attack. There is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke. Even brief exposure can be harmful to your health, especially if you are at risk for heart disease.
You have years of life to gain and love to give by quitting smoking. Your risk for heart attack drops sharply just 1 year after you quit smoking. In fact, even if you've already had a heart attack, you cut your risk of having another one by a third to a half if you quit smoking. And because secondhand smoke also affects others and can increase their risk for heart attack and death, quitting smoking can help protect your loved ones. Make an effort during this heartfelt holiday to stop smoking and/or to encourage your loved ones to stop smoking.
For free quit support, call 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669). This service provides free support and advice from experienced counselors, a personalized quit plan, self-help materials, the latest information about cessation medications, and more.
Millions of greeting cards are sent each year on and around Valentine's Day to express love and care. This year, use Valentine's Day to promote a smoke-free, healthy heart. Send one of the following e-cards to your loved ones who smoke.
The following Web sites provide free, accurate, evidence-based information and professional assistance to help support the immediate and long-term needs of people trying to quit smoking. | <urn:uuid:4021917c-939e-44ef-8a37-f03d4a415c92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/oilspill/20130213205642/http://m.cdc.gov/en/Features/love-your-heart | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952249 | 712 | 2.828125 | 3 |
« السابقةمتابعة »
Strangers shall submit themselves unto me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient unto me. Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places. The Lord liveth ; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation. It is God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people under me, and that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: thou also hast lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man. Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O Lord, among the heathen, and I will sing praises unto thy
si He is the tower of 51 Wise princes study how to upsalvation for his king: and hold religion by their laws and still sheweth mercy to his anoint- more, by their example : remembered, unto David, and to his ing that without the favour of Hea
ven, all their wisest counsels come seed for evermore.
thee, tell me.
King Charles the Martyr.
MORNING. 2 SAMUEL i. Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag; it came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head : and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance. And David said unto him, From whence comest thou ? And he said unto him, Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped. And David said unto him, How went the matter? I pray
And he answered, That the people are filed from the battle, and many of the people are also fallen and
and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also. And David said unto the young man that told him, How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead? And the young man that told him said, As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and horsemen followed hard after him. And when he looked behind him, he saw me, and called unto me. And I answered, Here am 1. And he said unto me, Who art thou? And I answered him, I am an Amalekite. He said unto me again, Stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me: for anguish is come upon me, because my life is yet whole in me. * So I stood upon him, and 10 The sin of this Amalekite was
slew him, because I was sure
twofold. He took the life of man; that he could not live after
and that man, a king *. that he was fallen : and I took the crown that was nipon bis head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord. Then David took hold on his clothes, and rent them; and likewise all the men that were with him : "2 and they mourn
12 What a noble trait is this in the ed, and wept, and fasted un- character of David ! He mourns bis til even, for Saul, and for persecutor. Enmity has no place in Jonathan his son, and for the
that heart which is devoted to God. people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel ; because they were fallen by the sword. And David said unto the young man that told hin, Whence art thou? And he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite. 14 And David
14 Well may they fear who stretch
out their hand, and contrive evil said unto him, How wast against their sovereign. Loyalty has thou not afraid to stretch no surer guard than religion. If forth thine hand to destroy the king." Loyalty and religion go
men “fear God," they will “honour the Lord's anointed ? And
hand in hand. David called one of the young men, and said, Go near, and fall upon him. And he smote him that he died. And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the Lord's anointed. And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son : (also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow : behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.) 19 The beauty of Israel is
19 No heart can read this tender slain upon thy high places: and affecting lament, unmoved; for how are the mighty fallen! where are they that never mourned Tell it not in Gath, publish
a friend +? * Nor was his sin palliated by Saul's command to slay him. No man's life is in his own power to take away ; consequently it is sin to aid man in compassing his own death. As life is the gift of God, so to take it away is the prerogative of God. And though sorrows and calamities sometimes accumulate in such weight, that the spirit of a man feareth lest he sustain not his infirmity, let not despair enter into his heart! God is ever present, and never--neder does he forsake the patient sufferer. Let us remember Job. He looked to the end ; and, in the prospect of rest in heaven, bore patiently one calamity after another ; reconciling all by the plain truth—“ It is the Lord.”
+ The parent laments the young and the beautiful—the flower withered in the bud. The good and the wise—they too die ! and leave behind sorrowing friends to mourn them. Then is the Christian's triumph ! he sorrows, “not as a man without hope." The dead are but gone to their rest before him.
it not in the streets of Askelon ; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. "Ye mountains of 21 How touching is this appeal to Gilboa, let there be no dew, inanimate nature ! To the heart, neither let there be rain, upon sunk in the gloom of sorrow, the you, nor fields of offerings : and as for scenes of sweet repose,
bright sunshine seems a mockery ; for there the shield of the they are viewed but in painful conmighty is vilely cast away, trast with the storms and tempests the shield of Saul, as though agitating the heart, which adversity he had not been anointed with and trouble beat against. oil. From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided : they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed
in scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel. How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle ! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places. I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan : very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women. How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished ! EVENING. JEREM. xü. or Dan. ix. to ver. 22.
JEREMIAH xii. RIGHTEOUS art thou, O LORD, when I plead with phet, that the Lord is righteous and
1 Since we believe, with the prothee: yet let me talk with just, we see, in the unequal distributhee of thy judgments : tion of good and ill in this life, a sure Wherefore doth the way of evidence of full retribution in the
next. the wicked prosper? wherefore are all they happy that
They professed God with “their
mouth," but their hearts ; or reins, deal very treacherously ?
were far from him. Thou hast planted them, yea, they have taken root : they grow, yea, they bring forth fruit : thou art near in their mouth, and far from their reins. But thou, O LORD, knowest me: thou hast seen me, and tried mine heart toward thee : pull them out like sheep for the slaughter, and prepare them for the day of slaughter. 'How long shall the land 4 Yet God shall see their last hours, mourn, and the herbs of every and their good or their ill shall be field wither, for the wicked- open before Him. ness of them that dwell therein ? the beasts are consumed,
and the birds ; because they said, He shall not see our last end. “If thou hast run with
5 Since the world cannot enable us the footmen, and they have to bear the lesser ills—the ills of the wearied thee, then how canst life, how shall it sustain us under the thou contend with horses? greater ills—the ills for which ve and if in the land of peace,
must answer in the next life ! wherein thou trustedst, they wearied thee, then how wilt thju do in the swelling of Jordan ? For even thy brethren, and the house of thy father, even they have dealt treacherously with thee ; yea, they have called a multitude after thee believe them not, though they speak fair words unto thee ? I have forsaken mine house,
70 God! have pity! O do no I have left mine heritage ; forsake me ! Save me, for thou hast I have given the dearly be- redeemed me! loved of my soul into the 8 God's people were so degraded by hand of her enemies. Mine their evil passions, that they became
as beasts and birds of prey. heritage is unto me as a lion in the forest; it crieth out against me: therefore have I hated it. Mine heritage is unto me as a speckled bird, the birds round about are against her; come ye, assemble all the beasts of the field, come to devour. 10 The generals and leaders of the 10 Many pastors have destroy- Chaldean army desolated the land. ed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion à desolate wilderness. They have made it desolate, and being desolate it mourneth unto me; the whole land is made desolate, because no man layeth it to heart. The spoilers are come upon all high places through the wilderness : for the sword of the LORD shall devour from the one end of the land even to the other end of the land : no flesh shall have peace. They have sown wheat, but shall
reap thorns : they have put themselves to pain, but shall not profit: and they shall be ashamed of your revenues because of the fierce anger of the Lord. Thus saith the LORD against all mine evil neighbours, that touch the inheritance which I have caused my people Ísrael to inherit; Behold, I will pluck them out of their land, and pluck out the house of Judah from among
them. 15 After the captivity, the Lord And it shall come to pass, would have compassion upon thein, after that I have plucked and restore them. them out, I will return, and have compassion on them, and will bring them again, every man to his heritage, and every man to his land.
16 Jew and Gentile shall be united shall come to pass, if they as one church - one people-one will diligently learn the ways family of God.
16 And it
of my people, to swear by my name, The Lord liveth ; as they taught my people to swear by Baal ; then shall they be built in the midst of my people. But if they will not obey, I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation, saith the LORD.
DANIEL ix. to ver. 22. In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans; ' in the first year 2 The prophecies of Jeremiah here of his reign I Daniel under referred to,were delivered about sixty stood by books the number years before: and sixty-eight years of the years, whereof the word of the captivity had already passed. of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in 3 Few are called to engage in great the desolations of Jerusalem. events; but every man has duties to And I set my face unto the perform : and he is the wise man, Lord God, to seek by prayer them well, seeketh his God in prayer.
who, longing for wisdom to perform and supplications, with fast
4 If we would end our services in ing, and sackcloth, and ashes: hope, we must begin them in re
and I prayed unto the Lord pentance, and continue them in faith. my God, and made my confession, and said, O Lord, the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them that love him, and to them that keep his commandments; we have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts and from thy judgments:
6 Can it be no sin now to reject the 'neither have we hearkened counsel offered by the ministers of unto thy servants the pro- the same word, the servants of the phets, which spake in thy same God ? name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land. 10 Lord, righteousness belongeth the perfection of the Creator and the
7 How striking the contrast between anto thee, but unto iis con- nothingness of the creature. fusion of faces, as at this day; Kings and their subjects, if they to the men of Judah, and to
would have national prosperity, must
evidence national righteousness. the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel, that are near, and that are far off, through all the countries whither thou hast driven them, because of their trespass that they have trespassed against thee. O Lord, to us belongeth confusion of face, to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against thee. To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses, though we have rebelled against him; 10 Lo ! the authority of your minisla neither have we obeyed the ter is the delegated authority of God. | <urn:uuid:ef8b19e4-37bb-40ba-9c85-5d501f946192> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=YeIDAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA5-PP119&vq=%22And+likewise+a+Levite.+when+he+was+at+the+place,+came+and+looked+on+him,+and+passed+by+on+the%22&dq=editions:ISBN0013106716&lr=&hl=ar&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.967074 | 3,155 | 1.554688 | 2 |
I didn’t start a drawing tonight until late, but I was anxious to try out the tube of watercolor I purchased today.
I really didn’t think my living room was so messy until I looked at this picture. I’m going to have to clean it this week, I have too many art supplies everywhere. Anyway, the at least the lighting was interesting enough to inspire a drawing.
This is my first drawing with watercolor. Previously I was using some watered down India ink to do a sketch of my kitchen. It worked OK, but I found it difficult to adjust the value without putting on a bunch of washes down. So, I went to A&C Supply and picked up a watercolor sketchbook (because my current book couldn’t take the water well at all), one tube of Holbein Lamp Black watercolor, one white watercolor pencil and a acrylic paint marker for highlight details.
I really enjoy working with these materials. I use a hard graphite pencil to do the initial drawing, getting all of the angles and measurements down and everything in its correct place. Then I wash in a light gray over most of the image, being careful not to touch any of the lighter areas. I then continue to build up the values darker in areas, and usually hit the dark blacks right away with more paint. After the wash I let it dry for a minute or two then I go back into the picture with more graphite focusing on edges and values trying to get them as correct as possible.
This is a great way to work on my drawing, while at the same time introduce myself little by little to watercolor. The best part though is the setup, clean up, and portability. I can take these materials anywhere and start a drawing instantly. | <urn:uuid:af7ad7a4-2439-431e-b4ea-d4e0fe8668b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chrisbeaven.com/s134w135/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.966126 | 371 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Sandy Hollow Tourist Park - Sandy Hollow NSW
Sandy Hollow is set in the Goulburn River Valley beneath the dramatic Giant's Leap landmark. The Tourist Park is central to the wonderful wineries of the Upper Hunter and adjacent to both the Wollemi and Goulburn River National Parks. The park consists of over 20 acres of gardens and bush hosting leisure facilities set in a tranquil and picturesque location. The resident owners are Chun and David. Bookings can be made at the Sandy Hollow Tourist Park by phoning 02 6547-4575 and please let the park know that you have seen their photos on Caravan Park Photos.
REGION: > NSW > Hunter Valley > Upper Hunter Valley > Sandy Hollow
Photos contributed by our users | <urn:uuid:204293bd-7ab5-436b-b5af-61bad808dff9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caravanparkphotos.com.au/sandy_hollow/index.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.909327 | 154 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.