text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2
values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1
value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sapphire unveils its newest gem and it’s not a stone. The Sapphire Gemfields Wetlands Reserve will celebrate its official opening on Thursday 26 April 2018 and everyone is invited to attend to learn about this special nature reserve’s flora and fauna.
Central Highlands’ Councillor Megan Daniels said the project is a success for the Sapphire Gemfields and the Central Highlands region.
‘Through the advocacy of the local people and the council, we were able to secure funding from the Australian Government to protect and develop this natural asset on the doorstep of Sapphire,’ she said.
‘The reserve’s close proximity to Sapphire makes it an ideal recreational space for local people and it shows tourists a new side of the Sapphire Gemfields.
‘I encourage people to bring their families out; people can walk or cycle through the reserve and even bring their dogs as long as they remain on a leash,’ Cr Daniels said
‘You can spend anywhere from an hour to half a day to explore.’
The reserve consists of 98 hectares of bushland, which is home to an abundance of wildlife and is a bird watcher’s paradise. Fourteen hectares of the reserve are seasonal wetland, which is home to the endemic fairy and clam shrimp.
The official opening and ribbon cutting by the Member for Flynn Ken O’Dowd is on Thursday 26 April 2018 at 1:50 pm.
Location: Sapphire Gemfields Wetland Reserve, Rockhound Road, Sapphire.
Directions: the reserve’s carpark is located approx. 600 metres along Rockhound Road on the left hand side. Please park in the car park and enter through the decorative gate. Follow the signs for approximately 500 metres to the viewing platform. | <urn:uuid:d1897900-4b3e-403d-8ab7-67871fa72361> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chrc.qld.gov.au/about-council/news/sapphire-unveils-newest-gem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955952 | 367 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Gospel: Matthew 2:1-12When Jesus was born in Bethlehem, in Judea, during the days of king Herod, wise men from the East arrived in Jerusalem. They asked, “Where is the newborn king of the Jews? We saw the rising of his star in the East and have come to honor him.”When Herod heard this he was greatly disturbed, and with him all Jerusalem. He immediately called a meeting of all high ranking priests and teachers of the law, and asked them where the Messiah was to be born. “In the town of Bethlehem in Judea,” they told him, “for this is what the prophet wrote: And you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, you are by no means the least among the clans of Judah, for from you will come a leader, one who is to shepherd my people Israel.
”Then Herod secretly called the wise men and asked them the precise time the star appeared. He sent them to Bethlehem with these instructions, “Go and get accurate information about the child. As soon as you have found him, report to me, so that I, too, may go and honor him.”After the meeting with the king, they set out. The star that they had seen in the East went ahead of them and stopped over the place where the child was. The wise men were overjoyed on seeing the star again. They went into the house, and when they saw the child with Mary his mother, they knelt and worshiped him. They opened their bags and offered him their gifts of gold, incense and myrrh. In a dream they were warned not to go back to Herod, so they returned to their home country by another way.
READ: Though the world is still in darkness, Isaiah heralds the coming dawn of God’s day. According to Paul, this dawn is not only for Israel but for all the nations. That new day is signaled by a rising star—which the wise men follow. But for Herod, a new day signals a threat to his power.
REFLECT: New beginnings hold promise for those who live in hope. But what of those who hold power and privilege or benefit from the status quo? For them, the promise of change can be threatening. Thus, for King Herod news of a “newborn king” fills him with dread. God promises to make all things new. For those on the margins this is cause for rejoicing. For the rest, we are challenged to let go of attachments, to leave our old country, and follow where God is leading us.
PRAY: God, let me arise and welcome your new day.
ACT: Reflect on frightening experiences of change in your life; where was God present in those experiences?
© Copyright Bible Diary 2019 | <urn:uuid:f01f3148-baa4-46b4-b2bc-d74644281d0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.filcatholic.org/january-6-2019/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.981913 | 588 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Teachers and scientists alike are finding new regions and eco systems from the Science City Kansas town
It’s been a long time because Kansas City, Kansas has been known because of its engineering science and tech associations.
You may see many locations that showcase the scientific system and study among the largest companies in the Earth Since you wander throughout the streets of Science City. Enjoy and they have been always bringing to view. Monsanto may be your 1 firm that delivers genetically changed foods.
One of the exhibits in this park is a geologist who specializes in the study of mica. He is able to say what a good mica would look like in different types of rocks and how they may vary in color. If you are curious about these colors, there are also some pictures on the display of the beautiful form of mica.
Additionally, there are the interesting structures in the park that contain some interesting capabilities. You are able to go inside and see different areas which constitute this particular structure and learn everything happens inside. This provides a perspective of how researchers manage to create these things from thin air.
You will find a few nice green houses only at Science City Kansas town that have been applied to cultivate plants. Some of them are grasses which are most useful for this particular area. There are a lot of fruits, nuts and fruits which come within this field. That has allowed the community to thrive.
One of the More Compact museums at the park Would Be the MU Ranch Museum. In they will tell best research paper writing services you concerning this ranch which has been named for the of all Monsanto. You will also discover about how this particular ranch was employed to obtain the legal rights to sell GMO meals. You will also learn about their historical past with all the familymembers.
The museum also has some good displays of displays for people who are interested in growing their own organic or natural foods. There are books that tell about this and a good overview of how these items can be grown. There are also videos available to watch.
If you are looking for something a little different, then you should check out the dog sanctuary at Science City Kansas City. This is where you can take your four legged friend to get spayed or neutered. It is a very fun park for dogs and their owners. They have a great grounds keeping department and they will take care of their animals as best as they can.
If you would rather not see the pets of the park you can still see the farm animals here. You can go see the goats or see the horses and see how they are treated. You can even meet the herd that works for the cowboys that are staying at the park.
There is a small flower garden here as well, which is one of the largest out of all the gardens in the park. If you would like to see flowers for yourself, you can come here to see them and look at the different flowers that grow in the area. There are some really beautiful flowers here and you will be amazed at how they can be grown just from the soil.
http://systemsbiology.ucsd.edu/Publications When you are done seeing all the interesting things to do here at Science City Kansas City, you can take a stroll around the other areas. There are http://bestresearchpaper.com/ many other interesting spots here that you can stop at to find a bit of entertainment. There are some museums here as well, and those can be a good place to stop and visit.
Anyone who loves animals or science or both should check out Science City Kansas City. These people have developed some very unique areas for you to visit and enjoy. Come see what it has to offer. | <urn:uuid:db357b2d-8c5e-4e16-8c2f-47b1bad21b3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rajshekarhomehealth.in/2020/05/04/go-to-science-town-kansas-town-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974422 | 750 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Nine years is a pretty long time to wait for your first harvest, but not if you’re a truffle grower in Sonoma County.
Last Wednesday, after pacing through his family’s Geyserville hazelnut orchards with Leo the truffle dog, Seth Angerer finally found a truffle — specifically, a 5.03-ounce Sonoma County black melanosporum.
It’s the first cultivated truffle found in Alexander Valley, according to Angerer’s father and collaborator, Fran Angerer. The family seek out the rare and valuable culinary fungus with their truffle-hunting Lagotto Romagnolo dogs, a specialized breed with a keen sense of smell and a curly-haired face so cute it’s painful.
“We’ve been waiting nine years and eight months, and we haven’t found anything. Every year we get more and more discouraged,” said Fran Angerer, who previously worked with Jackson Family Wines on their truffle properties in Sonoma County.
Sonoma County’s first cultivated black truffles (a species called Périgord truffles) were harvested in 2017 by the Jackson Family Wines team after inoculating hazelnut and oak trees in 2011. (Farmers grow truffles by inoculating the roots of saplings with truffle spores. Years later, they harvest the truffles, hopefully.)
The truffle hunting season typically runs from January to March, so an early truffle in November was a particularly exciting find for the Angerers. The fact that black truffles can command up to $95 per ounce is just as exciting.
Upon finding the esteemed fungi, Seth Angerer posted a Facebook video in which he pointed at the still-earthbound truffle with a spade. “It’s a big deal for us,” he said in the video. “We’re waiting for the whole family to show up so we can all (dig it up) together and take it in.”
“You just don’t dig it up,” Fran said by phone. “Seth called me and was shaking. I called my wife and we all hopped in the car.”
Fran’s other son, Nathan, also chimed in. “The feeling is just unbelievable after all this time. We were all crying and laughing and the dogs were going crazy,” he said.
To mark the occasion, the family took the prized truffle to Valette restaurant in Healdsburg, where Chef Dustin Valette prepared a seven-course meal with their truffle as the star of the show.
“It was awesome. We had quite a celebration,” Fran said.
Truffle growing is a long game, typically marked by frustration and disappointment. In the 1970s Henry Trione sparked truffle fever in Sonoma County when he staged the first California Truffle Congress in Santa Rosa with hopes that the oaks in Northern California could be hiding the same delicious fungi as their cousins in France and Italy. And while truffles were found, they weren’t high-quality, or even edible, quashing early enthusiasm. Trione’s passion did, however, spark an ongoing interest in truffle growing here.
That enthusiasm spawned the decade-long dream of growing truffles for the Angerers, who own Angerer Family Farm and Alexander Valley Truffle Co. They’ve have gone at it alone, investing in several hazelnut orchards that are inoculated with the Tuber melanosporum, a prized strain of truffles from Burgundy. They’re also experimenting with white Italian truffles that Fran hopes will come to fruition soon.
“It’s a huge investment to maintain with no product for nine or 10 years,” Fran said. “Every truffle grower goes through a time when you start asking yourself if you’re crazy. You start having a bad attitude going into the hunt, but then all of the sudden, there it is. That’s the truffle experience.” | <urn:uuid:ab67b3cc-29b5-40d2-8122-913f8f7c05c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sonomamag.com/truffle-hunters-strike-gold-in-geyserville/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.950731 | 877 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Santa Clara’s Core Curriculum provides the common learning that all students need to become people of competence, conscience, and compassion.
SCU is committed to assuring that students successfully acquire the knowledge, habits of mind and heart, and ways of engaging with the world that prepares them for professional excellence, responsible citizenship, and service to society.
And that’s where assessment comes in.
Educational Assessment collaborates with the Faculty Core Committees, faculty teaching in each Core areas, and the faculty who volunteer to review students’ course work to assess student learning in the Core. We work together to identify the qualities of student work that shows us we’re achieving our objectives, reviewing the student work using a rubric. Our assessment helps us understand where students are excelling and we can do more to support their learning. We’re committed to improvement because that moves us toward our overarching goal of imparting a transformational Jesuit education. Click here to view the Core learning objectives, rubrics, and assessment reports for each core area. | <urn:uuid:c22d8eb9-96c7-4248-af83-7fe14d71b06f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scu.edu/provost/institutional-effectiveness/assessment/core-assessment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.942533 | 215 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Williams, John T.
John T. Williams (1960 - 2010) was a member of the Nuu-chah-Nulth First Nations. He was a well known and very well liked Master artist, designing and carving his totem poles for many years downtown in
The event, which occurred on the eve of what would have been Williams’ 52nd birthday, followed Native tradition, with the pole carried to its final destination amid singing and dancing to drums. “I put all my heart and soul into it, but I’m not going to take credit for it, because it wasn’t just me,” said Rick Williams, the deceased carver’s brother.
Rick Williams, one of the project’s main carvers, said of his brother’s shooting, “They took something beautiful; let’s give | <urn:uuid:5f09978f-0275-4b6b-8fa4-f10423db9e84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mymondotrading.com/gallery/category/williams-john-t-212 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.983866 | 180 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Lisa Tessman reflects on those who have morally failed in a unique way
The parents of two chronically ill children can afford proper treatment for only one of them; they get treatment for the sicker one, and, with great anguish, leave the other to endure debilitating symptoms. A soldier fires into a baby carriage that is believed to be a prop being used to conceal explosives – later to discover that it was actually just holding a baby. He develops an image of himself as a moral monster – someone unworthy of human dignity – and years later he finds he cannot live with himself. An individual happens upon an assault-in-progress in their neighbourhood; they rush forward to intervene but upon glimpsing a gun in the assailant’s hand they are overcome with fear and freeze involuntarily – allowing the assault to proceed. They relive this moment repeatedly, blaming themselves for what happened. A pregnant woman is threatened by an intelligence officer; they will beat her and cause her to miscarry unless she gives up information on her husband, who is in hiding – she chooses to betray her husband and she tells them where he is. As soon as the words are out of her mouth she thinks to herself, ‘I have no integrity.’ A doctor attempts an experimental procedure without knowing the probability of its succeeding – in fact it brings about the patient’s death, for which the doctor then feels responsible. A woman escapes violent persecution and seeks asylum with her children in a safer country – but does so by abandoning her elderly parents, who were unable to make the journey with her. She lives thereafter with a sense of failure, of having violated an absolute filial duty. An aid worker distributes all of the food, water, and medications that he has, and, even while still believing himself to be responsible for meeting the needs of the dozens of people who remain waiting in line, he begins turning them away.
In some of these cases a dilemma arises because committing some wrongdoing is unavoidable: someone facing a moral dilemma is forced to choose one way of failing or another. In other cases a failure results from a person’s sheer lack of capacity to carry out some morally required action, or from their lack of knowledge about which action is the right one. In other cases, needs that give rise to a moral requirement may be inexhaustible and thus impossible to meet. In each case, it is not – or at least not fully – in the person’s control to avoid committing some kind of wrongdoing. What causes the person’s lack of control varies in each case, as does the degree to which they lack control, and this creates important differences amongst instances of inevitable moral failure. But I will focus on the common plight of those whose responsibility for moral failure is coupled with a lack of the sort of control that would have enabled them to meet the moral requirements that they faced.
People who have committed serious wrongdoings – but who did not have it in their power to avoid them – are in a unique position: they are not in the same position as people whose wrongdoings were more fully under their own control, nor are they in the same position as people who have committed no wrongdoings at all. They are neither simply culpable nor simply innocent. The uniqueness of this position warrants some reflection, because it is hard to know how to respond helpfully to someone who is suffering in the aftermath of having morally failed in an unavoidable way; more specifically, it is hard to identify what will support or heal them as moral agents without meanwhile distorting their experience by denying the way in which they are in fact responsible for what they have done.
It is typical for people to feel a particular kind of anguish and regret (which Bernard Williams has called “agent-regret”) after having committed a wrongdoing that they were unable to avoid. On the one hand – assuming that we’re talking about decent people whose wrongful actions were at odds with what they themselves value – these emotions themselves constitute something worthy: they are the emotions that express what matters to these people, what they value. Whatever value their action violated when they committed the wrongdoing can still be affirmed and protected in some way through these emotions, and the emotions indicate that they take themselves to be responsible for a serious wrongdoing. But on the other hand, these same emotions can be psychologically devastating for whoever experiences them. This tends to lead third parties – friends of the person who has committed the unavoidable wrongdoing, or perhaps professionals such as therapists – to try to assuage the difficult emotions. The third parties often try to talk the person experiencing this sort of anguish and regret into letting go completely of their sense of responsibility, by emphasising that it was not their “fault” and assimilating their experience to that of someone who has not failed at all, morally. Meanwhile, the person themself may err in the opposite direction, treating their unavoidable wrongdoing as if it had some of the same implications as more avoidable wrongdoings have. The aim should instead be a specific form of moral repair that allows the person who has performed an unavoidable wrongdoing to grasp the unique situation for what it is: neither the same as a case of culpable wrongdoing nor the same as a lucky case of remaining innocent. This person’s sense of integrity, and their sense of dignity, can rightly be restored without their losing any of the anguish that expresses what they value, and thus without any denial that they have in fact failed morally.
The key to understanding the phenomenon of unavoidable moral failure is acknowledging something about what kind of moral agents we human beings are, as well as something about the morality that we construct, and seeing that there can be a mismatch between the two: as agents, we are very limited in what we control, what we can know, and what we are capable of; and at the same time, we construct for ourselves a morality – a set of moral requirements – that reflects not what we are able to do, but rather what we care about and what we experience ourselves as being required to do to protect what we care about. Often whatever or whomever we care about needs much more than we can provide, or is vulnerable to transgressions, traumas, or injustices that we cannot prevent, at least not without another sacrifice. We experience needs and vulnerabilities as calling out to us for a response even when responding is beyond our ability. In some cases, we might understand the requirements to respond to be (to borrow Harry Frankfurt’s characterisation of it) “commands of love”; in other cases, the social group that we live in may moralise the necessity of a response – thereby expressing what is socially valued – and we then may experience the obligation to respond as carrying the authority of morality. In any case, the experience of requirement reflects what matters to us – as individuals or as a society.
Sometimes we are up to the task of meeting the requirements that we – individually or collectively – set for ourselves. When we are not up to the task, or something prevents us from meeting the requirements, there are two possibilities. One possibility is that the losses involved are quite tolerable, or reversible, or can be balanced out by some good that we do elsewhere, and thus we can be released from the requirement. Another possibility, though, is that the losses involved are significant and irreparable, and no other values can make up for the values that are transgressed – then the prospect of failing to meet the requirements may be completely unthinkable for us. In these cases nothing can serve to release us from the unmet requirements, and they remain binding on us even if we are unable to meet them. These impossible requirements can carry the same kind of authority for us as requirements that we are able to fulfil. The philosophical principle that “ought implies can” is, in these cases, false.
The claim that we can be required to do the impossible may suggest that life is unfair; indeed, it is unfair in the sense that no one designed our lives in such a way as to ensure that we would only care about – and experience normative requirements regarding – what we can control. Good luck may help us avoid encountering situations in which we are bound by impossible moral requirements, while bad luck will put us in exactly these situations. Our attachments – our values – make us vulnerable to bad luck that results not just in loss, but also in failure: failure to protect what we value, sometimes even what we most value. These are the conditions that shape our human lives.
As human as the experience of unavoidable moral failure may be, it is not an easy experience. Just as loss brings grief in its wake, so too does moral failure bring its own set of distressed emotions. Grief expresses a valuing of what is lost. An anguished sense of regret and responsibility expresses a valuing of what has been not simply lost, but lost due (at least in part) to one’s own unavoidable transgression of the value itself. This is a specific kind of valuing: the person who values in this way takes whatever or whoever is valued to call for a response; this form of valuing is in part constituted by the grasping of a requirement. And while grief is painful, we wouldn’t tell someone who has lost a loved one not to grieve, precisely because we wouldn’t want them to deny or disavow what their grief expresses; similarly, while the distressed emotions that arise in the aftermath of an unavoidable moral failure are painful, we shouldn’t urge those who are experiencing them to deny or disavow what their anguished sense of regret and responsibility expresses, for it expresses an especially compelling form of valuing.
Nevertheless, we offer to the grieving what solace we can, and we seem to be able to do so without undermining their continued valuing of what they have lost. What solace can we offer to the unwitting and unwilling wrongdoer, without robbing them of the specific form of valuing that is partly constituted by their recognition of their own responsibility, their own failure to meet a requirement to preserve or protect or otherwise act in accordance with their values?
One problem with the way that third parties typically respond to people undergoing distress in the wake of unavoidable wrongdoing is that they tend to connect responsibility with control, and thus they either attribute to the wrongdoers more control than they had, and concede that they are responsible for their actions (perhaps even blaming them), or they recognise that the people lacked control but then deny them the responsibility that the wrongdoers experience themselves to have. Even the very person who is suffering distress in the aftermath of having unavoidably committed a wrongdoing may mistakenly equate responsibility with control. Because they take themselves to be responsible, but have no way of distinguishing their own sort of responsibility from the responsibility of someone who more intentionally willed to commit a wrongdoing, they may go too far in their self-condemnation. If they think that when people violate their own values they act without integrity, they will apply this judgement to themselves, even if their violations were not voluntarily willed. If they believe that people who voluntarily engage in terrible acts are moral monsters, they will take themselves to be moral monsters too, just because their actions were similar, despite having been impossible to avoid. They will think they are not worthy of human dignity.
The solace that we can provide may come from developing a better understanding of the moral status of unwitting and unwilling wrongdoers. A better understanding would be one that recognises that responsibility does not require complete control, so a person can be responsible for failing to meet moral requirements even if the failure was beyond their control. However, such an understanding would also recognise that unavoidable actions don’t affect a person’s integrity. If a person has integrity, they cannot violate that integrity by performing an action – even if the action violates their values – that they absolutely could not avoid. And, finally, it would acknowledge that dignity is human dignity, attaching to actual, rather than idealised, human beings. Failing due to a lack of control – which is a quintessentially human thing to do – does no damage to a person’s dignity. An understanding like this would enable us to say to someone who has failed to meet an impossible moral requirement:
- you are responsible for a wrongdoing, despite having lacked control; but
- you have not acted without integrity; and
- your dignity is intact.
However, looking more closely at what it takes to have integrity, and (separately) what it takes to be worthy of human dignity, shows how blurry the line between avoidable and unavoidable wrongdoing can actually be. Consider a case of weakness of will, namely a case in which someone knows the right thing to do, but because of some strong desire or emotion (including fear) cannot get themself to do it. We might say they are psychologically unable to stop themself from committing some wrongdoing – but we would probably say that they lacked integrity if, due to cowardice, for instance, they were simply unable to act on their values. We might take such a case to be more similar to avoidable wrongdoings than to clearly unavoidable wrongdoings. Factors that are outside of our control might be external to ourselves (like our environment, or the actions of others) or might be internal to ourselves (like our psychological traits), and we may find wrongdoings to be more culpable – and to affect our integrity – when they are due to the more internal sort of factors.
Human dignity, unlike integrity, is something that is possessed by all human beings; a person does not have to be good in order to be worthy of dignity. The most evil, culpable wrongdoers must still be treated with dignity. In this respect, avoidable wrongdoings have no different implications than do unavoidable wrongdoings. However, the person who commits an unavoidable wrongdoing violates their own values, and as a result, may feel unworthy; in a sense, they don’t treat themself with dignity because they don’t accept their own failing as part of what it is to be human. In experiencing themself as having acted against their own will – and as lacking in control – they judge themself to fall short.
We offer solace, then, by reassuring the wrongdoer that what they fell short of is an idealised conception of human agency; we only need to be actual human beings to be deserving of respect (including self-respect) for our dignity. This is a limited solace. It is as if we are saying: no, you have not acted without integrity, nor lost your dignity. But you are a great deal more limited, and less in control, than you might like to think. So are we all. And that means that we may have much to regret, for the demands of morality that we rightly apprehend may very well exceed our capacity to meet them.
I would like to thank Jan Helge Solbakk, Øivind Michelsen, and Bat-Ami Bar On for their contributions to the ideas in this essay. | <urn:uuid:fe6e5e46-6e9e-4d47-a9c3-d106bff0dda5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.philosophersmag.com/essays/192-solace-for-unwitting-and-unwilling-wrongdoers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972023 | 3,085 | 1.992188 | 2 |
We are often warned that with power comes great responsibility.
Just like their male counterparts, females in positions of power must have tough conversations if they are to thrive.
However, as a woman, there is more scrutiny that comes with decisive action, which can make it a traumatic experience instead of it being ‘a part of the job’.
Difficult conversations are tough enough but for women they can be extra challenging. The stereotype society holds for people in a position of power, which are predominantly males, can make women feel as though they need to ‘play it safe’ when they do actually make it into a leadership role.
Tough conversations can certainly throw a spanner in the works when you’re focusing on being liked or feeling like you have to prove or justify every decision that’s made.
So, if you are a woman in a position of power (or about to be) here are some guidelines on the three most difficult conversations you will most likely face throughout your career.
1. Resistance to change
It is a common fact that employees dislike changes within an organisation (in fact, humans in general dislike change altogether).
They fear their job security may be a thing of the past and as a result often resist any efforts by the organisation to implement change.
Unfortunately, if one is to survive (adapt or die), change is inevitable and there are ways to handle the difficult conversations that may arise as a result.
Try and avoid the ‘it’s my way or the high way’ attitude. Keep the communication channels open at all times. Employees need to fully understand why the change is occurring and how it is affecting them.
You can remain firm with employees while still understanding their fears and treating them respect. Remember, it is not necessarily what you say but ‘how you say it’.
Of course, if your team is being negative for negativity’s sake, there is little you can do except keep moving forward.
2. You’re not doing a good job
No doubt you have experienced this before: staff who seem to avoid all responsibility or are full of excuses as to why they are not doing the job they were hired to do.
Take this on a case by case basis, and first understand why they are behaving this way. Asking questions to better understand an employee’s desires, skills and fears can paint a picture of why they are not performing well.
Don’t wait around for your employees to self-motivate or find direction. You must give them a vision and find ways to keep them motivated towards it.
You should always ensure that each employee is clear about what is expected of them, their responsibilities and their specific contribution toward your business and the wider team.
On the flip side, if they do not improve, have a frank conversation about whether they feel this particular role is suited to them.
Who knows, they may be a better fit in another department… or even the exit.
Hiring friends is dangerous. There is a reason why people always – and I mean ALWAYS – say ‘never hire friends and family’.
The main reason is that there is a sense of entitlement which often results in that friend (or family member) doing less than what is required of them. Another danger is to befriend people that are below you in the business hierarchy.
You are in business to do business, not to make friends. It is okay to be friendly but as soon as you start mixing your business world with your personal life, things can start to unravel.
Being a woman, this is a hard thing to do. Women, by nature, like to be on friendly terms with everyone. So expect any conversations with people who were once your friends to not end well. Being clear that the business comes first will almost guarantee you are labelled as an unemotional bitch.
That’s okay. This is not personal; it’s business, after all.
Author bio: Amanda Rose works with business owners, CEO’s and HR Managers to help them navigate the many issues blocking an individual, team or company from succeeding. Amanda is popular on the international stage, having worked multiple times with the US Embassy and Consulate. She was on the International Visitor Leadership Program and recently conducted a Diplomacy Delivered program – both for the Embassy. She’s a regular presenter on The Drum and an internationally published author in multiple publications and her own blog. Her initiatives have local, state and federal government support and her advice is sought all over the world.
This article was originally published on A Girl In Progress. | <urn:uuid:dc873c5c-000d-426a-b78f-96d0863c3c48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shedefined.com.au/career/3-tough-conversations-you-need-to-have-as-a-career-woman/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.97052 | 965 | 1.90625 | 2 |
The Thistledown Co-living House, built in New Holland a little more than a year ago with the help of community volunteers, is a way for lower-income seniors to share space and living expenses while having access to a large retirement community operated by Garden Spot Village, a senior housing provider affiliated with the Mennonite church.
The 4,000-square-foot house has private bedrooms and bathrooms for five people, along with spacious common areas, including a modern kitchen, living room and adjacent meeting room, and a loft. One bedroom is empty due to a recent death, but the others are filled by four women in their 70s who are healthy enough to live independently. Strangers when they moved in, they now call themselves the “sisters of Thistledown.” They wistfully mention their friend who died. “I always prayed for a sister,” she told them, “and now I have four.”
That kind of connection was what CEO Steve Lindsey hoped for when he began toying with the idea of co-living at Garden Spot Village. He sees isolation, which is often worsened by poverty, as a health risk that shortens life. “We believe firmly that we’re all created to live in community … that we are our best selves when we’re living in healthy relationship with other people."
Two experts on senior living said Thistledown is unusual even though the industry knows affordability is a problem as a wave of baby boomers enters older age. A report released in the journal Health Affairs in April estimated that 7.8 million Americans aged 75 and up will be unable to afford assisted living in 2029. Aging experts have been pushing for models that address the needs of the “middle market,” people who make too much for government help, but can’t afford the kind of upscale senior housing that is common in Philadelphia and its suburbs.
Marc Cohen, co-director of the LeadingAge LTSS Center @UMass Boston, said the Garden Spot Village pilot program is appealing because it combats isolation, likely will make residents feel safer, and allows residents to split costs.
Beth Burnham Mace, chief economist for the National Investment Center for Seniors Housing and Care (NIC), expects to see many new models of shared living as boomers age, including more intergenerational family living and sharing space with younger people such as college students. She and her friends have talked about retiring together in a big house. “This might be the beginning of some of these alternatives,” she said.
The model won a design award earlier this year from Senior Housing News. Lindsey said Kansas State University got a grant to allow architecture students to study Thistledown.
While many older people say they want to age in place, Lindsey thinks that reflects naïveté about the challenges of aging, especially isolation.
Aiming to fix a flaw in the Golden Girls
He’d been reading about big co-living projects aimed at millennials, many of whom like the idea of sharing space and paying lower rent, and he remembered The Golden Girls, a TV show about four mature women living together in a big house. The problem with sharing a house in older age, he thought, was that everyone is at the mercy of the homeowner’s health. What if Garden Spot Village were the landlord?
Established in 1996, Garden Spot is a nonprofit, continuing-care retirement community that provides apartments, freestanding homes, assisted living, and skilled nursing care for close to 1,000 people. Residents pay an entry fee of $90,000 to $450,000, and rent for independent living ranges from $1,300 to $2,626 a month. Higher levels of care are much more expensive. Amenities include restaurants, exercise equipment, activities, food grown on site, a wood shop, and well-maintained grounds and common spaces. Opportunities to volunteer abound because Garden Spot wants to foster a sense of purpose.
Lindsey was well-aware that many older people, who don’t have homes to sell for the entry fee and live on Social Security payments alone, cannot afford Garden Spot Village, a mission-driven organization meant to “enrich the lives of older adults as an expression of Christ’s love.” He saw a need for more socioeconomic diversity.
Initially, he wanted to serve older people eligible for government subsidies but quickly decided that the government was already oversubscribed and uninterested in new providers. This would have to be a community project that challenged the middle-class idea that we each need our own home. People do, in fact, really want their own bedroom and bathroom, he decided, but what they really need is each other.
It helps that Garden Spot is in a community rich with builders, including volunteers with Mennonite Disaster Services. Many of Lindsey’s residents have worked on building projects for disaster areas and for Habitat for Humanity. Volunteers and clubs offered to help. When it came time to build the house, Franklin and Marshall College sent a couple busloads of freshmen over as part of their orientation. It cost around $300,000 to build Thistledown, about half what it would have cost without volunteers. Garden Spot and other organizations paid for the building.
Residents must have incomes of $25,000 or less — the average Social Security payment in the U.S. is $1,404 a month or $16,848 a year — and pay 30% as rent. Lindsey says that’s enough to cover monthly costs, with some left over for home maintenance.
Obviously, those numbers would present problems for organizations that operate in more expensive, less volunteer-oriented areas. Mace doubts that this particular model will appeal to for-profit providers. “Clearly, there’s a subsidy going on here,” she said. Nonprofits with a source of income might be another matter.
‘I guess I was just tired of being alone’
Residents of Thistledown, who come from New Holland and nearby towns, are responsible for keeping the place clean, and Garden Spot maintains the grounds. The residents buy and cook their own food, although they can also purchase meals at Garden Spot Village’s restaurants. They have access to exercise facilities and activities. Three of the four women living in the house work and have cars. In the year the house has been open, two residents have died — one got hospice services at Thistledown — and a third decided to move elsewhere.
Rose Marie Sheaffer, 78, who used to live above a flower shop, liked the co-living idea as soon as someone from her church mentioned it. It feels safer to her. Ruth Dunlap, 74, who had a house in Ronks, and Esther Courtney, 70, who had a townhouse in Lancaster, were considerably less enthused when relatives told them about the new program. In time, though, the work and money needed for home ownership became less appealing. And the new Garden Spot place, with its big windows and granite counter tops, looked awfully nice.
"I guess I was just tired of being alone, and I'm not alone here," Courtney said. "It was a good move."
Each was assigned to a Garden Spot Village resident who helped them make friends in the broader community across the street. Sheaffer doesn’t go there much, except with friends from church, but Dunlap uses the pool and exercise equipment, goes to the movies, and frequents the library.
Social worker Jackie Berrios is available to referee disputes, but all agreed there hasn't been much need for that. Berrios also vets new residents while giving the current residents a say about possible housemates. After a male resident died, the remaining women decided they wanted their house to be all-female. If someone's health declines, it will be Berrios who decides when they have to leave. There is no guarantee of higher-level care at Garden Spot Village.
Shelves in the refrigerator and in cupboards are labeled with residents’ names. Courtney brought along a refrigerator and freezer, which greatly eased food crowding.
The women have not had to make lists of rules. Sometimes they cook and eat together. Sometimes they don’t. It has been easy, they said, to share the washing machine and cleaning duties. They just talk it out. They’ve cohosted big family parties, and they ate a Thanksgiving dinner together the weekend after the holiday. They got permission to decorate three Christmas trees. Aware that the house is a showplace for Garden Spot Village, they’re still working out how much they can personalize the common spaces, which have the bland feel of a model home.
Lindsey realizes that Thistledown is just a drop in a very big bucket, but he thinks it’s a start. There’s a bean field next to Thistledown that he hopes will soon be home to several more co-living houses.
He thinks there is also demand from people with higher incomes. “We look at it as a prototype,” he said, “and we think it is scalable.” | <urn:uuid:0a34cd5e-242b-49c4-9fc9-a1f7f49b73db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inquirer.com/health/garden-spot-village-coliving-senior-housing-affordable-20190820.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.976589 | 1,918 | 1.59375 | 2 |
MADE OF REAL NATURAL CRYSTAL
Labradorite healing crystals have the ability to collect negative vibrations and release positive vibrations to create a good mood. It enhances our inner worth while empowering our bodies. Its flexibility and magic can lead you into the deepest levels of consciousness. This stone is often used for meditation and to balance your aura.
HEALING PROPERTIES AND BENEFITS
- Emotional: Labradorite emotional healing promotes self-confidence, determination, and Self-worth. Labradorite aids those experiencing traumas, emotional breakdowns, and consists of energy-boosting powers to give more strength, courage, focus, and be goal-oriented.
- Physical: Helps reduce physical pain, colds, coughs, gout, respiratory problems, helps in digestion, metabolism, eye disorders, and reduces stress, anxiety, depression, and tension.
- Mind: It balances logical and innovative minds. It helps you connect to your two minds (left and right brain) smoothly.
- Body: It can lower down blood pressure and relaxation of the body. It has been used for treatment like brain disorders, restoring mental acuity. It also helps in menstrual tension like body cramps, and dysmenorrhea. It soothes the blood flow to ease the pain.
- Spiritual: Labradorite spiritual meaning energizes your imagination to create new ideas, bringing clarity to your inner self, bring peace, promote the third eye, encourages truth, flexibility, awakens freedom and balance, easy flow of energy within the body, and natural release. It creates a way to communicate with higher self and consciousness and it strengthens psychic powers to boost sensory perception.
HOW TO USE TUMBLED STONE
- Mindfulness, Meditation, and Spiritual Healing: Tumbled stones are soothing and peaceful gems, known to calm stressful environments. They aid in decision-making and help offer clarity. When it comes to the body, they assist with support during healing of physical ailments such as chronic and long-term illness, as well as with pain relief.
- Balancing Chakras: Choose the type of rolling stone based on the chakra concerned. Place them on parts of your body that often make you uncomfortable. You can also hold it in your hand and place it in the center of your body so that the chakra energies align.
- Home Decor: A large bowl of tumbled stones can be a beautiful decoration in any space or even a potted plant. Tumbled stones provide cleansing energy to your home. It also provides healing, since it radiates positive energy to you and your home.
- Placed in the Workplace: Tumbled stone provides energy that is beneficial to you and your business. It attracts prosperity, abundance, and money. Another thing is that it can also aid in making your intentions and manifestation come through and be effective in working in your career.
- Category: Crystal Tumbled Stone
- Origin: India
- Genuine gemstones: Labradorite
- Small Size: 0.78-1.18'' each
Large Size: 1.18-1.96'' each
- Each Set Weighs: Approx 100g
- Set of 3-5 unique and genuine Labradorite gemstones
- Each crystal is a unique creation of our mother nature. It is normal to find natural form of crack lines, holes, inclusions, and other minerals inside or on | <urn:uuid:bb30ad86-8e25-431a-867f-56e983a318fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.olivenorma.com/products/labradorite-natural-transformation-tumbled-stone-set | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.911366 | 714 | 1.570313 | 2 |
European Premiere of Documentary on Anti-nuclear Movement in Japan with Director Eiji Oguma on February 4, 2016
In his documentary Tell the Prime Minister, the Japanese director and scientist Eiji Oguma addresses a topic that up to now has drawn little international attention, namely the Japanese anti-nuclear movement that formed in response to the meltdown in the nuclear power plant in Fukushima. On February 4, 2016, shortly before the fifth anniversary of the meltdown on March 11, the film will be shown at Freie Universität Berlin in the presence of the director. It will be the first screening in Europe. The film includes footage of demonstrations in Tokyo in 2012. According to the organizers, more than 200,000 joined the demonstrations. s with eight activists are also included. Following the screening there will be a discussion with the director. The documentary will be shown in the original Japanese with English subtitles. The screening is open to the public, and admission is free.
After the Occupy Wall Street movement in New York and before the Umbrella Revolution in Hongkong, during the summer of 2012 about 200,000 people in Tokyo demonstrated against the nuclear energy policy of the Japanese government. Since there were few national media reports about the demonstrations, the world learned very little about the anti-nuclear movement in Japan. The film Tell the Prime Minister gives citizens a voice, providing many of them an opportunity to tell about their experiences after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima.
The movement brought together people from different backgrounds. The film features the Prime Minister who was in office at the time, a woman evacuated from Fukushima, a political activist, an artist, a salesperson, and a business owner, among others. Speeches and official meetings between activists and the Japanese Prime Minister are also shown. The footage is from Japanese and non-Japanese citizens who posted their films online.
Eiji Oguma is a professor of historical sociology at the Faculty of Policy Management at Keio University in Tokyo, and as of February he will be a visiting scholar at the Graduate School of East Asian Studies at Freie Universität Berlin. His research focuses on national identity and nationalism, colonial policy, democracy, and social movements in modern Japan. Tell the Prime Minister is the first film he directed. | <urn:uuid:9272959b-02ac-4d39-8050-dab34acd8758> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.myscience.de/news/wire/never_again_fukushima-2016-FUB | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962376 | 456 | 1.789063 | 2 |
In the late 1980s there didn’t seem to be any shortage of money, and with the global economy on a major high, a whole raft of ultra-luxurious cars appeared one after another. When boom turned to bust as the eighties became the nineties, most of these projects bit the dust, but there was one which somehow weathered the storm: the Jankel Tempest.
Based on the Chevrolet Corvette C4 and unveiled in December 1990, the Tempest was the brainchild of Panther Westwinds founder Robert Jankel. By this point Jankel had sold Panther after it had gone bust several years earlier, and his focus now was on running Robert Jankel Design and Le Marquis, two companies that stretched, chopped and tarted-up all sorts of luxury cars from Mercedes S-Classes to Rolls-Royce Silver Spirits and Bentley Mulsannes.
In 1988 Jankel released the Gold Label, a Bentley-based hyper-luxury coupé that was priced at a not-insignificant £450,000. While Jankel’s client base was ultra-wealthy, at this price even the oil sheikhs weren’t queuing up to buy. What was needed was something really fast, luxurious and stylish – but significantly less outrageously priced. The answer lay in rebodying a Corvette C4, calling it the Tempest, and charging a mere £121,000 for it.
Jankel removed the Corvette’s bodyshell and fitted a bespoke ‘shell made of kevlar. It looked sensational, but incredibly there was no opening bootlid; instead you had to rummage around behind the two seats to access your luggage. Still, Jankel had paid attention to the important things, with the press car featuring blue neon lighting on the undersides, and an interior finished in imitation ostrich skin.
By the time Performance Car tested a Tempest in May 1992, Jankel claimed to have sold 23 examples of his 200mph supercar, which was also capable of 0-100mph in just 8.9 seconds, with 140mph following less than ten seconds later. Jankel’s start point was a Corvette C4, but depending on how deep your pockets were, either much, or nearly all of it, was binned.
If you wanted to go the whole hog you opted for a supercharged 6.3-litre V8 that was tuned to give 530bhp and 608lb ft of torque. That was supposedly enough to get from 0-60mph in just 3.3 seconds, although the best that Performance Car could manage was a yawnworthy four seconds. However, the first three gears were all but unusable if there was any trace of moisture on the roads, such was the level of torque on tap.
If you didn’t need quite this much performance, Jankel was happy to flog you a Tempest with a regular Corvette LT1 V8 in the nose, or if you wanted a half-way house he’d bolt on a supercharger to take it up to 370bhp. Hardly seems worth it…
Stick with the full-fat option and you got a water-injected all-alloy V8 that sent all of that power to the rear wheels via the same six-speed manual transmission that was used in the Lotus Carlton. Despite the fact that the Tempest could light up its rear Goodyear Eagles (315/35 ZR17s no less) with the slightest prod of the loud pedal, traction control was merely optional – but absolutely necessary unless you had the ability (and reflexes) of Ayrton Senna.
By the end of 1993, Tempest production was wound up. It’s thought that about 35 Tempests had rolled out of Jankel’s Surrey factory, virtually all of them exported to the Middle East. There’s at least one in the UK though, which recently returned to the road after many years in storage. | <urn:uuid:29b0c8c5-6d21-4ed8-b608-e0c4d195ef53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hagerty.co.uk/articles/automotive-history/cars-that-time-forgot-jankel-tempest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974031 | 826 | 1.59375 | 2 |
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL RATIO FACTORS ON THE PERCENTAGE OF INCOME INCREASING OF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
Nugi Mohammad Nugraha, Devy Mawarnie Puspitasari, Shendy Amalia
Growth profit is a ratio shown by the addition of the company's net profit every year. An increase in the ratio of growth profit will make the company's performance better. The purpose of this study in order to analyze the effect of financial ratio factors shown by Current Ratio, Total Assets Turnover, Net Profit Margin and Return On Assets to the percentage increase in profits of automotive and component sub sector companies. The sampling method using purposive sampling so that 8 companies were selected. The analysis technique is by applying the multiple regression model, coefficient of determination, F test and t test. Based on the proof of the results of this experiment, it is known that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant influence on the volatility of the company's profit increase. Likewise partially, each independent variable has a positive influence on the rate of increase in earnings. The adjusted R square value of 88% indicates that the rate of increase in profit can be explained by independent variables: Current Ratio, Total Assets Turnover, Net Profit Margin and Return On Assets, while the remaining 12% is explained by other variables outside this study.
Volume: Volume 24
Issues: Issue 1
Keywords: Growth Profit, Current Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Net Profit Margin, Asset Return | <urn:uuid:ea481110-783d-402a-b355-7d0c62557a7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.psychosocial.com/article/PR200366/25254/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.884594 | 324 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Driving eyesight rules: experts call for driver eye tests every decade
People over 70 are urged to check their vision more frequently
Motorists should have their sight checked at least once every ten years to ensure they are fit to drive, according to eyesight experts.
The Association of Optometrists (AOP) is calling on drivers to undergo an extensive eye test to prove their vision still meets the legal standard, which is checked before the start of the driving test, Auto Express reports.
The AOP says vision tests should be completed once a decade. Drivers over 70 are advised to visit an optometrist more often, says the motoring magazine.
Motorists must be able to read a number plate from a distance of 20 metres to be deemed fit to drive. If a driver’s eyesight deteriorates over time, it’s the individual’s responsibility to inform the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) that glasses are needed for driving.
A survey published by the AOP today reveals that 44% of optometrists have seen patients who admit to driving despite their eyesight being below the legal limit, says the Daily Express.
Henry Leonard, a spokesperson for the AOP, told the newspaper: “It is shocking that so many drivers are overlooking the importance of good vision.
“Sight change can often be gradual and people may not notice changes that could affect their ability to drive.”
Leonard’s comments have been echoed by the RAC’s road safety spokesperson, Pete Williams, who believes motorists should have their sight checked every two years, “or if they notice any changes to their vision.”
Roadside spot checks
In September, police forces began carrying out roadside eye tests as part of a crackdown on motorists whose vision was not good enough to drive legally.
Every driver pulled over by police in Hampshire, Thames Valley and the West Midlands will be asked to read a number plate from a distance of 20 metres (65ft), The Independent reports.
Drivers who fail the test will have their driving licence “immediately revoked”, says the online newspaper. Data from the tests will be used to improve understanding of the extent of poor driver vision.
Traffic police can request the urgent revocation of a licence by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) “for reasons of poor eyesight” under legislation dubbed Cassie’s law, says Auto Express.
The law, introduced in 2013, is named after 16-year-old Cassie McCord, who was killed when a car driven by 87-year-old Colin Horsfall swerved onto a pavement and hit her.
Horsfall, who also died from injuries sustained in the accident, had “previously failed a police eyesight test”, the motoring magazine says.
Speaking to the BBC, Sergeant Rob Heard, representing the police forces taking part in the new initiative, said: “Not being able to see a hazard or react to a situation quickly enough can have catastrophic consequences.”
He warned that traffic officers would be conducting eyesight checks “at every opportunity”.
Get your eyesight tested now, urges DVLA
The DVLA made a public plea in July for drivers to take eye tests, amid concerns that motorists may not be aware that their eyesight isn’t up to a legal standard.
A recent survey launched by the agency found that 50% of drivers were unaware of the minimum eyesight standards needed to drive legally, the BBC reports.
Half of the motorists surveyed failed to regularly self-check their vision.
How to check your eyesight
A full eye test by an optician is the most accurate gauge of vision quality, the DVLA says, but there’s a quick test drivers can do to make sure their sight meets the legal limit.
Drivers must stand at least 20 metres – roughly five car lengths – from a vehicle and attempt to read the number plate.
Motorists who are “unable to read a number plate – even partially – from the minimum distance” must inform the DVLA by law, The Sun says.
The agency’s Wyn Parry, said: “The number plate test is a simple and effective way for people to check their eyesight meets the required standards for driving.
“Having good eyesight is essential for safe driving, so it’s really important for drivers to have regular eye tests.” | <urn:uuid:1bc27356-4391-4805-a536-51f48c463b2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theweek.co.uk/95247/legal-eyesight-for-driving-police-checks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963481 | 938 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Credits: Jasmine Estrada (Producer) (edit)
The future isn’t random. It’s the result of the choices that we make now. We’ll be talking about technologies and industries that will define the next decade and beyond.
Join our host Cristina Quinn, a science and technology reporter, as she dives into everything from Minecraft to cyber warfare.
You can wait for the future to happen to you or engage with it right now and ahead of the curve on .future— a branded podcast from Microsoft, produced in partnership with Gimlet Creative.
This podcast may use tracking and attribution and dynamic content insertion
Stats: Statistics are produced by Megaphone to help .future to understand how many downloads it is getting, or how many people are listening. Your device’s IP address and user agent is used to help calculate this figure. Megaphone is IAB v2 certified.
Tracking and attribution: Megaphone and Nielsen or their partners may connect the fact you listened to this podcast to an action elsewhere on the internet. For example - they may spot a device that downloaded an episode of .future later visited the website of an advertiser; or they may track that a device that listened to .future also listened to a different show. This form of attribution is used to measure advertising effectiveness.
Dynamic content insertion: Megaphone may use limited data that they know about you - the device you’re using, the approximate location you’re in, or other data that can be derived from this, like the current weather forecast for your area - to change parts of the audio. .future may do this for advertising or for other forms of content, like news stories.
.future is able to use the above tools since its podcast host or measurement company offers this service. It doesn’t mean that this individual podcast uses them, or has access to this functionality. We use open data.
Keep up to date with Podnews
Information for podcasters
- This podcast appears to be missing from Amazon Music, Spotify, iVoox, Luminary, and iHeartRadio. We list all the podcast directories to be in.
- Get Apple, Google and Spotify badges to link to this podcast, get a magic link for social media, or a QR code.
- Link direct to an episode
- Validate this podcast’s RSS feed at CastFeedValidator
- Learn more about our podcast pages
Privacy: In common with all podcast players, pressing "play" on the inbuilt player above will download the audio directly from the podcast host. That will share some data (like your IP address or details of your device) with them.
Affiliate links: This page links to Apple Podcasts. We may receive a commission for purchases made via those links.
Cache: This page was produced on August 5 at 22:19:55 UTC. Refresh this page | <urn:uuid:18b25a86-e6ff-4944-85f4-3ac0866b56ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://podnews.net/podcast/ie7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.920643 | 609 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The tunnels are mostly human creations that commonly pass through the mountains and hills. But there are tunnels that have a very unusual purpose, appearance or location. This is a list of tunnels that you can not see often, because they are rare or unique. That is why, some of them have become very popular tourist attractions.
One of the most curious building in Japan is the Gate Tower Building in Osaka, Japan. This building is the result of an unusual compromise between the land owner and the Japanese government. The 5th, 6th and 7th floors of this 16-story office building is occupied by an express highway – passing right through the building. On the building’s floor information board on the ground floor, the tenants for the three floors are listed as the Hanshin Expressway. . . . Read Complete Report W/ lots of cool photos
Uploaded by TheLindseyrae on Dec 24, 2009 | <urn:uuid:a82cf6d9-ceb3-48e2-be94-3b91ff8d8b2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehollowearthinsider.com/archives/6242 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971609 | 189 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Control a PLC Using the Modbus Explorer
This example shows how to perform read and write operations to a PLC using the Modbus Explorer. The PLC is a Click Koyo cube with registers that can be used in industrial control and other industrial applications including controlling switches, timers, and sensors.
Open the Modbus Explorer. In the MATLAB Apps tab, under Test & Measurement, select Modbus Explorer.
The device is accessed over Serial RTU. To choose the communication interface in the Modbus Explorer click Device then Modbus Serial in the toolstrip.
On the Configure tab, configure the connection to your device by setting the following Serial RTU communication parameters in the toolstrip:
Port: Serial port Modbus server is connected to. Set to
Baud Rate: Bit transmission rate for serial port communication. The default is 9600 bits per seconds. Change it to 38400. Parity: Type of parity checking. Valid choices are none (default), even, and odd, and the actual required value is device-dependent. Set it to odd. Stop Bits: Number of bits used to indicate the end of data transmission. Valid choices are 1 (default) and 2, and the actual required value is device-dependent. Keep the default. Data Bits: Number of data bits to transmit. The default is 8, which is the Modbus standard for Serial RTU. Other valid values are 5, 6, and 7. Keep the default. Timeout: Maximum time in seconds to wait for a response from the Modbus server. The default is 3. You can edit the value to increase or decrease the timeout. Keep the default. Byte Order: Byte order of values written to or read from 16-bit registers. The default is Big Endian, as specified by the Modbus standard. Keep the default. Word Order: Word order for register reads and writes that span multiple 16-bit registers. The default is Big Endian, and it is device-specific. Set it to Little Endian.
Configure the reading of data from your device by setting the following read parameters in the toolstrip:
Server ID: Address of the server to send the read command to, specified as a double. Valid values are 0-247, with 0 being the broadcast address. Set to 1. Register Type: Target area to read. You can perform a Modbus read operation on four types of targets: coils, inputs, input registers, and holding registers. Use the drop-down to select Coil. Register Address: Starting address to read from, specified as a double. Enter the number for your starting address,
16385in this case.
Precision: Data format of the register being read from on the Modbus server. For coils and inputs, the precision is always
bit. For holding registers and input resisters, you can specify precisions such as
The configuration should look like this after you configure the communication and read settings.
To test the configuration, click Read. If your configuration parameters are correct, the read is successful and the Read Value populates with the value from the read operation. If you get an error, adjust the parameters until the read is successful. In this case, the value should be 0.
After you have a correct read value, click Confirm Parameters. The Configure tab disappears and the Modbus Explorer tab appears, and your device is listed in the Device List on the left side of the app, as shown here.
You then use the table to set up more reads from your device. Fill in the Read Registers table to read data from two timers and three switches. Since the table automatically displays the register you configure in the Configure tab, the first timer is already listed. Change the name to
C1, then add four more rows so you have these reads set up.
Switches C1, Address 16385, Coil, bit C2, Address 16386, Coil, bit C3, Address 16387, Coil, bit Timers T1, Address 45057, Holding Register, uint16 T2, Address 45058, Holding Register, uint16
The table should look like this:
The PLC that contains these timers and switches is shown here.
To perform the reads on the five registers in the table, click Resume Reads.
The Read Value column displays the value that is returned and the status indicator changes to
LIVE, as shown here.
In this case, the value of 0 means the switch or timer is connected and available, but it is not activated.
To turn on one of the switches,
C1, perform a write to the register. In the Write Registers section, fill in the following:
After you have entered all of the fields, the Write button becomes activated.
To send the value to the register, click Write.
Since you have the same register listed in the Read Registers table, you see the read value update when you click Write. In the example shown here, you can see that the value of 1 was sent to the register and that it is now reflected in the read table for
C1, indicating that the switch is turned on.
Perform another write to turn the
C3switch on. In the Write Registers section, fill in the following:
Address: 16387 Type: Coil Precision: bit Write Value: 1
Once that switch is on, the timers turn on, since that is how the PLC board is arranged.
T1is turned on when the switches are on, and then 5 seconds later
T2is automatically turned on. At that point both of the timers and two of the switches are turned on, as shown here. | <urn:uuid:8b093b41-19f8-44e1-8dee-5d1ff08fa524> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kr.mathworks.com/help/icomm/ug/control-a-plc-using-the-modbus-explorer.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.842135 | 1,188 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Here’s another reason to get your daily recommended allowances of vitamins and minerals: to lower the odds of vision loss in midlife.
Researchers from several universities in the Netherlands, including Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, found that people who got the highest amounts of several nutrients, including zinc and omega-3 fatty acids, in their diet had a lower risk of developing a condition known as macular degeneration.
The common condition erodes the retina and causes vision loss in more than 6% of Americans age 40 and older. It is treatable with drugs or surgery, but the treatments do not reverse the condition. Age-related macular degeneration accounts for half of all cases of blindness in developed countries.
People with a genetic variation called CFH are 11 times more likely to develop macular degeneration than the general population, and those with another variation called LOC387715S have a 15-times higher risk.
For the new study, the authors studied 2,167 people over age 55 who had one of the two genes known to contribute to macular degeneration. The researchers surveyed the participant’s eating habits and followed-up for 10 years to track vision loss; participants received eye exams every three years.
The researchers found that among those with the CFH gene variation, people who got the most zinc, beta carotene, omega-3 fatty acids or lutein/zeaxanthin in their diets were less likely to develop macular degeneration than those who got the lowest amounts. For example, the rate of vision loss in those getting the lowest amount of omega-3s (about 22 mg per day) was 39 cases out of every 100 people; in people who consumed the most omega-3s (268 mg per day), the rate was 28 cases out of every 100.
Among people with the LOC387715S variation, only two nutrients, zinc and omega-3, were associated with a lower risk of vision loss. But in all cases, the authors found that it wasn’t necessary to eat excessive amounts of the nutrients to see a benefit — getting the government-recommended daily allowances of healthy foods was sufficient.
For women, that means getting 1.1 g of omega-3s and 8 mg of zinc per day. Men should get 1.6 g of omega-3s and 11 mg of zinc daily.
Foods that are rich in zinc include oysters, red meat, nuts and beans. Omega-3 fatty acids are abundant in oily fish like salmon, mackerel, sardines, herring and anchovies. Beta carotene is found in a variety of fruits and veggies, including carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, spinach, apricots and green peppers. Foods rich in lutein and zeaxanthin include eggs and leafy greens.
The authors did not investigate how the nutrients in these foods may contribute to the prevention of macular degeneration, but considering that they’re all highly nutritious foods that the typical American doesn’t get enough of, it probably wouldn’t hurt to up your intake of them.
The study was published in the Archives of Ophthalmology. | <urn:uuid:299ef845-e462-4beb-a23e-f20c487a0c56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthland.time.com/2011/06/20/study-could-diet-help-prevent-vision-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.961134 | 659 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Technology is one of the main foundations at MIT VGS.
Effective, controlled, secured and device independent technology implementation and integration connects the entire school community and provides blended teaching and learning in purposeful way. This involves the purposeful implementation and integration of both synchronous and asynchronous technology platforms in the most effective way.
MIT VGS has the dedicated and efficient team for technology implementation. At MIT VGS, the firewall is implemented with rules and report facility of user and data management, which provides the ultimate security of data and controlled environment for the technology usage. Data connectivity is implemented using LAN and effective Wi-Fi connectivity. The strong room of networks and data backup in local servers ensures the reliability of data.
The entire school community is connected through the ManageBac ERP portal. This portal is an asynchronous platform which maintains the records of the entire school community, academic details of each student including report card management. In ManageBac, the audit trail for each member of the school community is maintained. This platform keeps the entire school community updated with the entire academic progress of the school. ManageBac is available in both the web and the app versions.
At MIT VGS, the teaching and learning in the classrooms are done using effective technology integration. MIT VGS also has the blended learning implemented through integration of Microsoft Office 365 suite. Microsoft Teams is the web conferencing tool used for synchronous classroom environment, replicating the physical classroom environment, which proved to be one of the most effective way during the COVID 19 pandemic. Microsoft stream provides the video recording of each class recording to be 24X7 available to students. Formative assessments are conducted through Microsoft Teams. Flip classroom is implemented by the synch of resources in Microsoft Teams and ManageBac. This platform provides the effective way of blended learning through online meetings using Teams calendar. Online meetings are also implemented for PTMs, Virtual Exhibitions, Guest Lectures and similar. Microsoft Teams is available in the web, desktop and the app versions.
Google Suite is implemented at MIT VGS with strict permission-based data vault for backup. Based on permission level, the accessibility to google drive, google forms, google docs and other tools of the G-suite are provided. G-suite is available in both the web and the app versions.
At MIT VGS, the BYOL (Bring Your Own Laptop) policy ensures the usage of technology to the optimum way. The devices are securely registered to the school network domain through a super-admin controlled unique credentials, thereby providing the monitored environment of technology usage.
MIT VGS also has the state-of-art computer labs and each classroom with strong Wi-Fi and smartboard implementation.
The usage of varsities of purposeful tools for the subject level and skill development augments the entire teaching and learning process to the next level. The students are imbibed with digital citizenship as a life skill and are provided with the effective knowledge and skill development of the varsities of tools which encompasses creating effective digital collaterals, different collaboration platforms (moderated), programming, web development, animation, CAD drawing, video game development, App development and many other present and emerging technologies. The effective usage of the technology at MIT VGS enables the differentiation of the learners. At MIT VGS, all facilitators are expert in technology integration. The dedicated PD sessions on technology is an effective platform for exchange of ideas on purposeful tools and technologies. At MIT VGS, the familiarization sessions on technologies used are also conducted for parents.
The students at MIT VGS has participated in most of the national level events of technology where they have stood apart with their skills and have procured laurels. Technology has always been one of the fundamental pillars at MIT VGS to encompass the students with the necessary skills needed to be an active learner.
The strong foundation of technology is periodically reflected by the core team to ensure the implementation and integration of the purposeful and emerging technologies. | <urn:uuid:b08f9125-9515-4d41-8727-2e4379e9cac4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mitgurukul.com/technology-integration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932072 | 819 | 2.140625 | 2 |
AP Psychology Practice Test: Sensation & Perception pdf download. a number between -1 and +1 expressing the degree of relationship between two variables: 47: 286588723: representative sample: a sample obtained in such a way that it reflects the distribution of important variables in the larger population in which the researchers are interested; variables such as age, income level, ethnicity, and geographic . ENGLISH-10 UNIT 1 TEST 1. Terms : Hide Images. Subjects: AP psychology . They go on to say that Psychology is a multifaceted discipline and includes man. The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method. Unit 8A Part 1 AP Psychology Unit 9 Social Psychology Review Video with Mandy RiceUnit 9 ~ Developmental Psychology Part 1 AP Psychology | Page 7/35. test chapter 6 ap psychology memory Flashcards and Study . experimental psychology. The Four Goals Of Psychology Psychology.org describes it as the scientific study of the mind and behavior. observable responses to the environment. Here are some tips for getting the most out of your AP Psychology prep. AP Psych Unit 1 Vocab. Unit 3B: Jeanette suffers from focal epilepsy (seizures localized in just 1 part of brain). 7298025571. Start studying AP Psychology Unit 1. Search: Ap Gov Unit 1 Review. 7298025572. Search: Ap Psychology Quizlet Unit 1. AP Psychology - Midterm Exam 2009-2010 1 Ap psychology: Unit v Psychology's Three Main Levels of Analysis Psychology's Subfields 232 color vision, pp AP Psychology Flashcards See full list on study See full list on study. AP . the ability to focus conscious awareness on a particular stimulus. A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive and flourish. Flashcards. Assimilation. . ENGLISH-10 UNIT 1 TEST 1. Biological Model Of Abnormal Psychology Essay The model is classified in to the biological model, the psychological model and the biopsychosocial perspective. Functionalism. 1 ap psychology- unit 2 checkpoint 1science biology anatomy terms in this set (12) somatic nervous system (sns) system of neurons in the body that control voluntary function central nervous system (cns) all of the neurons that are found in the brain and spinal cord sympathetic nervous system the system of neurons involved in More From Mr. Sinn!Ultimate Review Packets:AP Psychology: https://bit.ly/3vs9s43AP Human Geography: https://bit.ly/3JNaRqMEach of these packets comes with un. AP PSYCHOLOGY FRQ PROMPTS AND SCORING RUBRICS. Gravity. AP Psychology Chapter 8 Learning Flashcards Quizlet. . 1 ap psychology- unit 1 checkpoint 1 terms in this set (15) rogers and maslow psychologists associated with humanistic perspective wundt the father of psychology wertheimer associated with the gestalt perspective of psychology dix advocate for the mentally ill, opened the first mental asylums in the us chomsky the father of This is an overview of unit 1 of AP Psychology: Scientific Foundations of Psychology. AP Psychology: Unit 1 STUDY Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test PLAY Match Gravity Created by cassidyy314 Vocab from Baron's AP Psychology prep book and Psychology, AP Edition with Discovery Psychology Terms in this set (79) introspection first began in laboratory set up by Wilhelm Wundt; process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experiences 208089186. critical thinking. The scientific study of behavior and mental processs. Her seizures trigger extreme emotions - most often extreme fear followed by a rage response. behavior and mental processes. View; Flashcards (active tab) Learn; Scatter; Powered by Quizlet.com. All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. -Barrons AP Psychology Flash cards . Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Flashcards About AP Psychology Unit 1 Lesly Nixon 19 October 2020 24 test answers question Describe the prescientific roots of psychology as they relate to the nature of the mind and the importance of inborn qualities Click card to see the answer answer Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. behavior and mental processes. All. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. View (active tab) Flashcards; Learn; Scatter; Printer Friendly. Define, explain, and apply concepts, behavior, theories, and perspectives. Username or e-mail * Password * Create new account; Request new password; Courses offered-Algebra-Art History-Biology-Calculus-Chemistry-Economics-English-Enviro Science-European Hist-Geometry Learn all about the foundations of psychology and how famous psychologists, different subfields of psychology, and statistics have impacted the science! Ap Psychology Chapter 1 Test - examsun.com Start studying AP Psychology Review Chapter 1. Choose from 500 different sets of ap psychology chapter 2 flashcards on Quizlet. conscious and unconscious mental activity. Fowler's Spiritual Theory (14 . Experimental psychology. Primarily, because we do not have enough class time to cover the content in depth, have meaningful and enriching discussion, analyze current situations and thoroughly ultimatereviewpacket 1 Vocabulary Quiz Click here to study/print these flashcards AP Seminar End-of-Course Exams are only available to students at schools participating in the AP Capstone Diploma . In the previous chapter, you decided to watch a friendly game of Quidditch with Penny Psychology Chapter 4 Notes The same topic can be studied within psychology at different levels of explanation, as shown in Figure 1 industrial-organizational psychology Study Flashcards On Psychology test flashcards chapters 1 & 2 at Cram Study Flashcards On . theoris of intelligence. AP Psychology Unit 1 Flashcards - Cram.com AP Psychology - Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards AP Psychology | Myers' Unit 5 Part 1 Ap Psychology Chapter 3 Test Free gamified quizzes on every subject that students play in class and at home. Match. AP Psychology: Unit 1 Flashcards. To succeed in AP Psychology, you must have excellent recall of a large library of terms. Identify annud explain the big issues in psychology. MeierAPpsych Unit 6 Learning Wikispaces. positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior. observable responses to the environment. The first psychological laboratory was established by. Identify some of the professional and research interests of psychologists. PLAY. Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience. thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. AP Psychology Unit 1 Vocabulary. JessicaKaiser. thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. Spell. Learn ap psychology chapter 2 with free interactive flashcards. AP Psychology Unit 9 Intelligence and Testing. AP Psychology 12 - Ms. Carey's WebsiteBurnaby North Secondary. By purchasing the expansion pack within the app, you will gain access to the full 500 flash card set as well as the 50 question multiple-choice section. Early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind. 2. When she is not having seizures Jeanette has trouble recognizing emotions in other people. Journal of instructional psychology (ProQuest education journals) 1% inspiration, 99% perspiration (effort) Chapter 11: Social Psychology Overview 11 You can bookmark this page if you like - you will not be able to set bookmarks once you 2 The Evolution of Psychology: History, Approaches, and Questions; 1 2 The Evolution of Psychology: History . Study free Psychology flashcards about AP Psychology Unit 1 created by mbehm to improve your grades. intro to intel questions. Created by. AP Psychology Premium, 2022-2023 AP Psychology Flashcards ; Type of Review : Comprehensive subject review + practice : In-depth review : Format : Book & Online : Cards : Strategies : Includes test-taking strategies, tips, and hints for answering multiple-choice and free-response questions. Terms in As scientists, psychologists collect data and make observations about the . . 59 cards Psychology Introduction To Psychology Practice all cards Empiricism Idea that knowledge comes from experience and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge Structuralism An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal structure of the mind Primary tabs. #1: Make Friends With Flashcards. This 92 minute AP Psychology video does a great job preparing you for the AP exam. Myers AP Psychology Chapter 1 Terms in this set (29) empiricism the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation structuralism an early school of psychology that used inrospection to explore the structural elements of the human mind functionalism a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral . Primary tabs. AP Psychology Review Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet AP Psychology Unit 1 History & Approaches Test 25 Questions - Developed by: Anna - Updated on: 2020-02-28 - Developed on . behavior and mental processes. According to the College Board, "Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Study Flashcards On AP Psychology Unit 1 at Cram.com. The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle. w:s. Unit 9 Bell Ringers 1-6. AP Psychology | Myers' Unit 2 AP Psychology: Unit 2 AP Psychology Unit 2 Biological Bases Review Video with Mandy Rice FREE DOWNLOADABLE NOTES FOR AP PSYCH CHAPTER 2 Introduction to Psychology: Chapter 2 (Part 1) Exploring Psych Ch 2 Biology of behavior Chapter 2: Biological Psychology AP Psychology-Ch. Q. Pick an existing quiz or create your own for review, formative assessment, and more. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). AP Psychology Unit 1 History & Approaches Test 25 Questions - Developed by: Anna - Updated on: 2020-02-28 - Developed on: 2017-08-26 - 84,136 taken - 61 people like it Are you preparing for the AP Psychology Unit 1 History & Approaches Test right now? Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Save. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) humanistic psychology. Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 13 Vocabulary . 3 Essential AP Psychology Study Strategies. the use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desired outcome. 3. 2. Register / Login. information processing guided by higher level mental processes, like when we construct perceptions based on our experience and expectations. Given the uncertainties of the 2020-21 school year, this year there will be no fees whatsoever if a student decides not to test or to cancel their exams 5 thoughtless 2 With your partner, decide if the following are true or false: Most people only use about 10% of their brains the sense of body movement and balance (semicircular canals) CORRECT Vestibular . Briefly describe the different perspectives from which psychologists examine behavior and mental processes. 212146784. behaviorism. Search: Psychology Quizlet Chapter 1 And 2. AP Psychology Downloads. upgrade: free 7-da. Structualism. Free initial download of the app delivers 49 flash cards in the first two topics - History & Approaches and Methods - as well as 5 complimentary multiple-choice questions. . Chapter 10 Practice Test . Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. empiricism: the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on . Term. 1 ap psychology- unit 2 vocab 1 terms in this set (10) action potential the series of steps a neuron goes through when firing an electrochemical signal soma the cell body of a neuron neuron the scientific name for a nerve cell neurotransmitters chemical messengers released by neurons myelin sheath natural insulation produced Q. AP Psychology Practice Test: Biological Bases of Behavior pdf download. Each card lists the corresponding typical AP Psychology . Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Cognition. 7298025573. Types of Intel. Q. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of. Study Barron's AP Psychology Unit 1 flashcards. 2. View Test Prep - Quiz Unit 3-10 and Answers from PSYCHOLOGY 7610 at Capella University Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools For example, a researcher designing a questionnaire might use the Likert scale of response to questions, from '1 - strongly disagree,' to '5 - strongly agree AP Psychology Unit 3 . upgrade: free 7-da. upgrade: free 7-da. AP Psychology Practice Test: History, Approaches, & Research Methods pdf download. The Best AP Psychology Study Guide PrepScholar. Correlation; causation Psychology has a long past and a short history Always inquired about but never formalized nor regulated until recently representative sample Functionalism. Definition. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Bookmarked 33 times 31 resources. myers psychology study guide answers chapter 8 Bing. Search: Psychology Quizlet Chapter 1 And 2. A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information. AP Psychology Unit 6 Learning Part 1AP Psychology: 6.1-6.3 Physical, Social, and Cognitive Development in Childhood How to Destroy the . Our awareness of ourselves and our environment. Learning all this information might be tough if you don't have a game plan. . HISTORY & RESEARCH METHODS. Myers AP Psychology Chapter 6. 208089187. culture. Psychology. Schema. historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for . ap psychology chapter 2 Flashcards and Study Sets | Quizlet Start studying AP Psychology Test Chapter 1 and 2. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy. conscious and unconscious mental activity. AP Psychology Chapter 3 Test - Quiz - quizizz.com Psychology Unit 9: Reading Guide Flashcards | Quizlet Unit 3 All About the Brain Unit 4 Sensation and Perception Unit 5 States of Page 22/35. Unit 1 Objectives: Define psychology and trace its historical development. Search: Ap Psychology Quizlet Unit 1. the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Flashcards for psychology 1 (171 cards) 2015-01-30 4 . Exam Date: may 3, 2022. This Advanced Placement Psychology 12 course covers 14 major topics in contemporary psychology and uses the Myers for AP Textbook 3rd Edition. It includes 55 multiple choice practice questions, 4 short answer questions, 1 DBQ, and 2 long essay questions View(active tab) HOMEWORK Part 3: Finish annotating Chapter 1 Quizlet 2 (No ratings) Psychological Disorder terms (No ratings) AP Psychology; Civics & Economics AP Course Information and Exam Review AP Psychology; Civics & Economics AP Course . Online Test . AP Psychology Unit 1 (Psychology's History and Approaches) flashcards | Quizlet Unit 10: Personality Introduction Personality is a person's typical way of thinking, feeling, and acting 2 Describe the emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline Describe the impact of . Our AP Psychology flashcards each contain one question that might appear on the AP Psychology exam. Abe and Frank summarize Units 1-4 of Myers' Psychology for AP in preparation for the upcoming AP exam. AP Psychology Unit 2 Flashcards. Mental Process by which knowledge is acquired. AP Psychology New Exciting and Different Google. You can use them to get a comprehensive overview of each topic covered on the AP Psychology exam one problem at a time, or to do problem drills that focus on particular problem types or content areas found on the AP Psychology exam. AP Psychology Unit 1 Ap Psychology's History and Approaches. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. 1. It is the effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. See full list on study Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of. Given the uncertainties of the 2020-21 school year, this year there will be no fees whatsoever if a student decides not to test or to cancel their exams 5 thoughtless 2 With your partner, decide if the following are true or false: Most people only use about 10% of their brains the sense of body movement and balance (semicircular canals) CORRECT Vestibular . upgrade: free 7-da. Famous Psychologists Test. AP Psychology Chapter 7 Practice Questions Flashcards . Study Flashcards On AP psych Unit 1 Test at Cram.com. Section 2: Free Response Put a square around any verbs (in the prompt for the subject as well as what it wants you to do) Learning all this information might be tough if you don't have a game plan Midbrain: coordinates basic movements with sensory information 3 There are several major themes that are part of this unit: neurons and the . ap psychology unit 1 terms in this set (53) empiricism the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation structuralism an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind functionalism a school of psychology that The first psychological laboratory was established by. Write. AP Psych 2019-2020 Unit 9 Cal. STUDY. We cover:Unit 1: Psychology's History and Its Approach. Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Unit 1: Psychology's History and Approaches: 2-4% + Unit 2: Research Methods: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science: 8-10% + Unit 3A: Biological Bases of Behavior: Neural Processing and the Endocrine System: 8-10% + Phrenology. the branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mentation and behavior. AP Psychology Biological Basis of Behavior Part One (59 cards) 2020-06-27 9 . frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. by cheerlexy, Jan. 2017. 212146785. humanistic psychology. Unit 1 - AP Psychology STUDY Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test PLAY Match Gravity Created by lizzz612 Preparation for test on 10/1 Terms in this set (54) ___ doesn't prove ____. 1 ap psychology- unit 1 vocab 2 terms in this set (14) control group does not receive the experimental treatment confounding variable unexpected, extraneous factors that affect the results of an experiment dependent variable the variable measured by the researchers independent variable the variable manipulated by the Learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools In addition to all the technical stuff and training, there's a lot of psychology here The first concept is "chunking" and the capacity of short term memory Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more AP Psychology - Unit 5 Notes Quiz (Review) Part II Pcse00283 . a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders behavioral psychology the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning Sets with similar terms AP Psychology Unit 1 ; AP Psychology Unit 1 pt2 ; Flashcards AP psych Unit 1 Test; Ap Psych Unit 1 Test. AP Psychology Unit 5 Vocabulary. Concept Understanding. It's a bit dry, but it still does a very nice job of summarizing the course. The College Board has modified the AP Psychology exam, and all other AP exams, in response to the disruption caused by COVID-19 4 Recognize the evolving nature of psychology as a scientific discipline AP Psychology Unit 1 Flashcards You will have four answer choices for each question Before you read the text, look at the following quotation . Read Book Unit 9 Developmental Psychology Learn. 7262572763: Empiricism: The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation: 0: 7262572764: Structuralism: AP Psych 12 is an intense, fast paced course that requires a lot of reading and staying up to date in your study guide. Q. behavior and mental processes. The AP Psychology framework included in the course and exam description outlines distinct skills that students should practice throughout the yearskills that will help them learn to think and act like psychologists. the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method. AP Psychology Unit 4 Flashcards. AP Psychology Unit 1 Flashcards. Review Test Key 1 2 AP Psychology Review Test Answer Key. 208089185. cognition. AP Psychology Practice Test: States of Consciousness pdf download. This course examines the history of psychology and psychological theories, contemporary perspectives on psychology, and how psychological research is conducted. Search: Ap Psychology Quizlet Unit 1. AP Psychology Unit 1 (Psychology's History and Approaches) flashcards | Quizlet Unit 10: Personality Introduction Personality is a person's typical way of thinking, feeling, and acting 2 Describe the emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline Describe the impact of . | <urn:uuid:21f475be-5ba7-475a-821f-899f8a03b287> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fille-facile.fr/11/polybus/constraints/423679140967440a49f33537-ap-psychology-flashcards-unit-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.872668 | 4,430 | 3.109375 | 3 |
From the Lab to the World
by Carolyn Shea
These are some of the weighty issues Evergreen alumni are investigating at laboratories and medical schools around the world. Their goal: improving human health and wellbeing.
One of these alumni, John McKinney ’87, directs the bacteriology lab at the Global Health Institute of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. A microbiologist, McKinney has made important strides in understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the intractable microbe that causes tuberculosis (TB). One of his discoveries, which exposed the key role a particular enzyme plays in the resilience of M. tuberculosis, has been hailed as a breakthrough in TB research. His lab focuses on studying the mechanisms that allow tenacious, infectious-disease-causing bacteria like the tuberculosis bacillus to persist in the human body in the face of immunity and therapy.
McKinney got his start in the field while working on an independent project in Betty Kutter’s bacteriophage lab at Evergreen. “That was when the research bug bit me and I knew I was hooked,” he says. He went on to earn his Ph.D. at New York’s Rockefeller University and completed postdoctoral studies at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine before returning to Rockefeller to direct its Laboratory of Infection Biology. While there, he says, “It became clear to me that in order to tackle the most interesting and important problems, we would have to adopt an engineering approach. In 2007, I moved to the Swiss EPFL, an engineering school, in order to establish a new interdisciplinary program at the interface of two very different fields—microbiology and microengineering.” This program employs high-tech tools, such as time-lapse microscopy, to fathom bacterial cell behavior.
McKinney considers his decision to concentrate on an underserved area of public health—infectious disease in general and tuberculosis in particular—a likely outcome of being immersed in Evergreen’s “philosophy of public responsibility, good citizenship and global justice.” He says, “Many citizens of rich countries like the U.S. think that diseases like tuberculosis have been conquered. Nothing could be further from the truth! On a global scale, tuberculosis kills more people now than ever before. But more than 99 percent of those deaths—which number about 2 million every year—occur in poor countries.”
“My dearest hope,” says McKinney, “would be to put myself out of work by making a discovery that would eliminate tuberculosis as a serious threat to global public health. Alas, I do not think that there is any chance that tuberculosis will be eliminated in my lifetime. Second best would be to make a discovery that had a significant impact on the quality of life for the world’s poorest people, for example a new therapy for curing drug-resistant tuberculosis or reducing the time that it takes to treat the disease. There I think we do have a chance of succeeding.”
James Chen ’76, a board-certified neurosurgeon, is tackling the problem of cancer. Chen studied marine biology at Evergreen and earned a master’s degree in exercise physiology and his M.D. from the University of Washington. After completing his residency at the University of Michigan Hospitals, he returned to Washington, where he served as the attending neurosurgeon at two community hospitals in King County and operated his own practice for more than eight years. “From there, I became interested in research,” he says. “It was self funded, started in my garage, where I had set up a lab. I was looking at the effects of photoactive drugs—drugs activated by light—on antibiotic resistant bacteria.” Chen used light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to stimulate the drugs to kill the bacteria. “It worked!” says Chen. “That led to the cancer research that I do now. I just started investigating it in the context of looking for new therapies that could be utilized in the patients I was treating.” These included people with malignant brain tumors and spine tumors, he says.
In 1995, he co-founded the Bellevue-based biotech company, Light Sciences Oncology, which is developing drugs activated by LEDs that can zap cancer cells without affecting healthy cells, too. The LEDs are inserted through the skin using a biopsy-like needle that goes directly into a tumor, attacking it from the inside out, rather than outside in, the method used in many standard treatments. Chen’s light-activated treatment, which also closes tumor blood vessels that supply cancer cells with oxygen and nutrients, is meant to fight the malignancy without damaging the healthy tissue nearby. Evidence was presented at last year’s annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology that the drug-light combination might have the secondary benefit of rousing the immune system to fight cancer cells in other parts of the body as well.
Chen’s firm, which employs more than 30 people and has a former director of the National Cancer Institute chairing its scientific advisory board, is targeting a number of cancers, such as colorectal cancer—the second leading cancer killer in the United States—and liver cancer, the third leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. It has completed Phase 3 clinical trials for treating both these diseases—the last stage of testing before getting regulatory approval from the FDA. The company has other applications for its lightactivated therapies in the pipeline, too, including ones for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) and other non-cancerous conditions.
But it is cancer that Chen, Light Sciences’ chief scientist, is squarely aimed at. “I view cancer as the disease that causes the most suffering, not just because of the disease itself, but also because the current therapies have so many side effects. We have completely inadequate weapons to combat it. I look forward to continuing what we’re now doing— developing more effective therapies with fewer side effects for patients.”
Sandi Pruitt ’98 was interested in two things when she went to Evergreen: “I wanted to become a midwife and I was interested in studying health issues across different cultures.” She entertained the notion of going to medical school and concentrated her liberal arts studies on women’s health issues. Eventually, because of her work with a local Planned Parenthood office, she says, “I was introduced to the concept of public health and the needs of populations as a whole.”
After working in South Carolina as a maternal and child health educator, she realized she was more interested in working with populations than individuals. She discarded the ideas of becoming a midwife and a physician and enrolled in graduate school at the University of Texas Houston Health Science Center's School of Public Health. There, she analyzed—and published journal articles about—such concerns as media coverage of emergency contraception; geographic disparities in the prevalence of adolescent girls being vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer; and the number of abandoned and surrendered newborns in Texas over a 10-year period. Her dissertation probed the relationship between socioeconomic status and cancer screening, a topic to which she would later return. In 2008, Pruitt received her doctorate in behavioral science and health promotion.
Last July, Pruitt completed her postdoctoral fellowship at the Washington University School of Medicine’s Division of Health Behavior Research in St. Louis, Mo., and then joined the school’s faculty as a research instructor of medicine. Her current investigations are concentrated on expanding her earlier HPV work and continuing to study geographic, socioeconomic, and racial disparities in cancer. She recently received a three-year career development award to document geographic disparities in late-stage colorectal cancer across the United States and to determine the role other factors, such as diagnostic delays, play in those disparities. “Although I’m very much in a research-oriented environment,” says Pruitt, “I don’t sit at a bench in a lab. I primarily do statistics, cleaning, gathering, analyzing and using data, forming hypotheses and writing a lot.”
Pruitt says Evergreen’s emphasis on social justice, which gave her the ability to explore issues of inequality, “is critical to what I do everyday. There are rampant disparities in health care in the U.S. One of my main motivations comes from a social justice perspective. I’m doing my little part to identify and clarify what the inequalities are so that we can move towards doing something about them.” | <urn:uuid:bc0102ec-a2d8-4e98-8bb4-4d819fb13a28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.evergreen.edu/magazine/lab-world | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968045 | 1,812 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The study found that seabirds avoided wind turbines more than previously thought and changed their flight path to do so.
Experts said the conclusions from the research on collision risk will allow better-informed wind farm design and decisions on planning consent.
The Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) bird collision avoidance study combined human observer-based tracking with a system that automatically recorded seabird movements at a working offshore wind farm. Radars were also used to record data 24 hours a day for two years.
This resulted in the analysis of more than 600,000 videos, of which only 12,131 contained evidence of bird activity and only six collisions with turbines were observed.
The study was commissioned by 11 offshore wind developers, the Scottish and English Crown Estates and Marine Scotland.
To obtain planning consent for an offshore wind development, the developer needs to provide evidence of how seabirds will behave within and around the farm.
In order to quantify bird collision risk with turbines, collision risk models (CRM) are used to estimate the impact.
The research was designed to generate robust, empirical evidence on the levels of avoidance behaviour and collisions to improve CRMs, as researchers say that until now there was only limited evidence to substantiate the birds’ actual behaviour.
But despite being a member of the collaborative group taking part in the construction of the report, RSPB Scotland said the data does not go far enough to prove seabirds avoid offshore wind turbines more than expected.
An RSPB spokesman said: “The study has collected a vast amount of new data which will be invaluable to growing our knowledge of how wind farms affect seabirds for many years.
“However, it is extremely important to note that RSPB does not subscribe to the study’s conclusion that “the collision risk of seabirds is less than half of what would be expected
“The results are interesting, but we believe this is a very optimistic interpretation of the data, and it has simply not been possible to apply them to the current means by which we assess collision risk in the UK.”
20 Apr 2018 | <urn:uuid:f3d80829-c372-4bd6-b601-a6e32412f8ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scottishenergynews.com/rspb-cast-doubts-on-new-wind-ustry-research-results-on-turbine-collision-risk-for-birds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954548 | 440 | 2.953125 | 3 |
“After September 11, we had the mantra, ‘without security, there can be no travel.’ The COVID-19 crisis has evolved this thinking to ‘without guidance on the health and safety of travelers, there can be no travel, no sustained reopening of our businesses, and no revival of the U.S. economy,’” said Roger Dow, president and CEO of the U.S. Travel Association.
Dow made the statement during a call with media introducing “Travel in the New Normal,” a document that provides that guidance, preparing travel industry businesses to reopen once it’s safe to travel. The document was created with input from medical professionals and based on “Guidelines for Opening Up America Again,” issued by the White House and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is endorsed by 31 travel industry organizations.
The goals for creating the guidelines were twofold, said Dow, “to demonstrate leadership and consistency across the industry to the federal, state, and local elected officials and public health authorities who will decide when, how, and under what conditions travel will reopen again in America” and “when the official clearance is given to travel again, we want to do all we can to give the public confidence that they can travel safely.” The document has been sent to the White House and the governors of every state.
The guidelines outline a layered approach to safety for travel businesses, combining transmission barriers (such as touchless payment systems, social distancing, and protective equipment), enhanced sanitation (which includes new policies, training, and technologies), and health screening, and best practices in food and beverage service. “Each company will use these recommendations, and they’ll build upon them, adapting additional measures that are applicable and sensible to the services they provide,” Dow said.
While the document is aimed at travel businesses, it also comments on the role of the traveling public: “They must adopt new travel practices and follow science-based guidelines to help protect the health of their families and those around them, including fellow travelers and industry employees. In the spirit of collective action needed to defeat COVID-19, we urge travelers to do their part and follow government and industry guidance to help protect themselves and others.”
The document does not make recommendations for when travel should resume. “We’re going to listen to the experts,” Dow said. “We will not encourage people to travel until it’s safe to travel.” | <urn:uuid:4d760e24-ea10-4b3f-a7a2-85aff1a3540b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.meetingsnet.com/risk-management/us-travel-releases-guidelines-reopening-travel-businesses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.958211 | 526 | 1.875 | 2 |
I have several friends whose children graduated from college and then were not motivated to seek a job in their chosen profession. They ended up finding other types of jobs, often making less money than they could have if they had sought a job in the area they had studied. While the economy over the past few years has made it hard for some college grads to find work, what I found interesting was that these kids did not even try! After four years in college, they had decided that they didn’t want to do what they had thought they wanted to do. Now they are floundering, trying to figure out what they would like to be when they grow up, and taking jobs that they do not enjoy just to pay their bills.
It’s sad, and yet perhaps not as sad as the person who works their entire life in a job that they hate. I’ve known a lot of those people over the years, and always wondered why they didn’t try to change their situation if they were so miserable. Perhaps they just didn’t know where to start.
That’s where my friend Jay Forte comes into play. He is passionate about helping people find the career that will make them happy. His book, “The Greatness Zone”, is a terrific story about how a college student realizes partway through his studies that he is not excited about his major. The 90 page book describes how he identified his “Greatness Zone”, which is the place where he could use his talents, strengths and passions to create his best, happiest and most successful life.
If you have high school or college students, or even just people working for you who seem unhappy, I would recommend that you give them this book. It may just change their life. And imagine how simple your role as a leader would be if all of your employees truly loved their jobs! | <urn:uuid:8380bf3e-30d1-4ca1-91ac-a56d4c641496> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cindyhesterman.com/graduates-and-greatness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.995301 | 391 | 1.679688 | 2 |
By MICHAEL L. MILLENSON
A Trump administration regulation issued just hours before the partial federal shutdown offers quiet hope for civility in government.
What happened, on its face, was simple: an update of the rules governing a particular Medicare program. In today’s dyspeptic political climate, however, what didn’t happen along the way was truly remarkable – and may even offer some lessons for surviving the roller-coaster year ahead.
A regulatory process directly connected to Obamacare and billions in federal spending played out with ideological rhetoric completely absent. And while there were fervid objections to the draft rule from those affected, the final version reflected something that used to be commonplace: compromise.
Think of it as Survivor being replaced by Mr. Smith Goes to Washington. Or, perhaps, a small opening in the wall of partisan conflict.
More on that in a moment. First, let’s briefly examine the specifics.
The Medicare regulation involves a section of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) focused on accountable care organizations (ACOs). That’s an arrangement that puts together doctors, hospitals and others to improve quality and reduce costs by better coordinating care. Despite the obscurity of the jargon, the rule was a big deal. It affected hundreds of ACOs, major corporations like UnitedHealth and Aetna, millions of Medicare beneficiaries and more than $ 100 billion in federal spending.
To entice providers to voluntarily form an ACO when the program began operating in 2012, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) gave most ACOs a temporary “can’t lose” deal. If an ACO hit the cost-and-quality target based on its patient population, it split the winnings with the government. But if it didn’t achieve its goals, there’d be no penalty.
Critics, however, increasingly complained that taxpayers were getting shortchanged. CMS, they said, was not forcing ACOs quickly enough into a situation where their performance either generated savings or generated a check to the government.
Enter the Trump administration.
In a draft regulation set out this summer, the “can’t lose” deal time was slashed and the financial risk for failure was dialed up. In response, groups representing insurers, physicians, hospitals and others promptly warned that the severity of the changes would drive away participants in droves.
Here’s where it gets interesting. The way the script usually reads, you’d expect Democrats to accuse the administration of trying to use regulations to kill off part of Obamacare. Republicans, meanwhile, could be expected to hail the demise of one more liberal bad idea.
Instead, the tough love tactics drew praise from such unlikely sources as a former Obama-era CMS chief. However, CMS nonetheless tinkered quietly with the technical language that had drawn accusations of overkill. While the ACO industry was far from totally satisfied, regulators seem to have avoided crossing the line between “push” and “punitive.”
Are there broader lessons here? Let me suggest three to bear in mind as partisanship escalates.
First, all political appointees can’t be painted with the same brush. Some committed conservatives are as open to dialogue as their liberal predecessors. Compromise is definitely not assured, but neither is constant conflict.
Second, there are important areas of bipartisan consensus, such as ACOs, even with issues as divisive as health care. For example, the concept of paying providers based on cost and quality goes back to the 1980s. Attempts to translate that idea into policy began under President George W. Bush and have continued since then with bipartisan support from both the legislative and executive branches.
Finally, if you’re not tied to tribal loyalty, the right thing to do isn’t always obvious. I’ve researched ACOs in depth, but I still found myself alternating between respecting and suspecting the various arguments proffered for and against the draft.
With luck, the ultimate winners here will be people like the retired Texas couple I interviewed at their mobile home park. As members of an ACO, they were regularly contacted about their ills by a nurse from a nearby town.
Meanwhile, if you want to look forward to 2019 with optimism, consider that the same attentiveness to the public interest epitomized by the ACO rule could be happening right now elsewhere in government.
Michael L. Millenson is president of Health Quality Advisors LLC, adjunct associate professor of medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and associate editor of THCB. This post originally appeared in Forbes here. | <urn:uuid:ae37f1f4-03a0-4696-aa24-a18f7646bcbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medxr.com/not-fake-news-a-trump-administration-rule-models-government-civility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960698 | 954 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The map below provides trend information and summary statistics for a variety of parameters collated by the ICP Waters programme.
- Use the layers menus at the top-right corner of the map to select a base map and parameter of interest (TOC is selected by default)
- Click on any location to display summary statistics for that site
- See the notes below for further details on the data presented
Data summaries are presented for 1990 to 2016, but note that not all sites have complete data records for this period. To check the amount of data available, see the Number of years with data entry in the information boxes (see below).
Acid neutralising capacity (ANC) and all parameter names beginning with the letter “E” (for equivalents) are expressed in micro-equivalents per litre (μeq/l). The units for Al and TOC are μg/l and mg-C/l respectively.
Having selected a parameter of interest, clicking on any site will show a pop-up information box containing summary statistics. The following quantities are reported:
- ICPW ID, ICPW code and NFC code. Various unique site identifiers used by the ICPW project
- Number of years with data. The number of years within the period from 1990 to 2016 for which measurements are available. Note that when this value is less than about 10, estimates of statistical significance may be unreliable
- Median. The median of annual medians within the period of interest
- Standard deviation. The standard deviation of annual medians within the specified period
- Mann-Kendall p-value. Results from the Mann-Kendall trend test (a non-parametric method for identifying monotonic trends)
- Trend. Whether the Mann-Kendall test identified a statistically significant increasing or decreasing monotonic trend in the data series of annual medians (at the 95% confidence level; p < 0.05)
- Theil-Sen slope. The average rate of change of the selected parameter (in units/year e.g. μeq/l/yr), obtained using the Theil-Sen robust line estimator. The median slope and intercept have been calculated using SciPy’s theilslopes function
- Time series plot. A plot showing the annual median values for each year (in blue) with the fitted Theil-Sen robust line superimposed (in black). | <urn:uuid:a45e24d4-85c0-42f4-8291-a9be76674474> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.icp-waters.no/data/explore-data/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.788234 | 513 | 2.28125 | 2 |
The management of potentially malignant pancreatic cysts has evolved significantly over the previous decades. Previous approaches focused on operations for any detected cysts has made way for a more comprehensive approach characterizing the underlying risk in which a patient's specific cyst may have. This concept also applies to patients undergoing surgery for main duct cystic disease of the pancreas. While previously managed in large part by removal of the entire pancreas, new approaches that incorporate intraoperative evaluation of the pancreatic duct through advanced imaging technologies are becoming more common.
At Johns Hopkins, we have collaborated with many of the world's highest volume centers to evaluate the utilization of a small, catheter-based, video platform that allows for inspection of the internal aspects of main duct cystic disease of the pancreas. In this nonrandomized trial, surgeons at Johns Hopkins utilize a pancreaticoscope to view the duct, characterize risk for malignancy and biopsy of abnormalities when performing a partial pancreatectomy for a potentially malignant disease.
Robotic Surgery Versus Open Whipple Trial
Pancreaticoduodenectomy is performed for many reasons, including several types of cancer of the pancreas, as well as pre-cancer conditions. Pancreaticoduodenectomy can be performed through the traditional open procedure (large incision) or a robotic approach (using small incisions and a camera with a surgical robot). Utilization of the robotic system may result in favorable oncologic and safety outcomes compared with other minimally invasive approaches. Whether robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy in the hands of high-volume pancreatic surgeons is a safe and effective procedure has not been addressed prospectively. The purpose of this clinical study is to compare two types of surgery for removal of the head of the pancreas and surrounding structures: robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (performed with the assistance of a robot device through several small incisions) and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (standard surgery with one large incision). Both methods are routinely used at Johns Hopkins but there is limited information about which surgery type helps patients recover faster and has fewer complications. | <urn:uuid:d4a3aa4e-c1cb-4dd3-9f9e-7f450615766d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/surgery/specialty-areas/hepato-pancreato-biliary-hpb-surgery/research/clinical-research.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.93038 | 448 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Parts of Bainbridge and Decatur County were experiencing flash flooding due to a heavy rainstorm that began at about 7:45 p.m., according to the National Weather Service.
Decatur County was under a severe thunderstorm warning until 8:15 p.m., according to Decatur-Grady E-911. The National Weather Service reported approximately 4 inches of rain has fallen in Decatur County since the storm began. Someone also reported to the NWS that there was a tree on a power line off Georgia 97 South, approximately two miles northeast of Faceville.
At 8:45 p.m., the Faceville and Recovery communities in southwestern Decatur County were experiencing flash flooding, according to the National Weather Service’s Tallahassee, Fla., office.
The storm appeared to be moving from the northeast to the southwest, toward the Florida Big Bend. Heavy rainfall was also affecting Seminole and Grady counties in particular at about 9 p.m.
Bainbridge Public Safety Officer Nigel Hurst said his department had not responded to any significant weather-related calls, other than observing lots of water on the roadways.
We will continue to provide updates on Wednesday night’s storms, continue to check here and on our Facebook page at facebook.com/sowegalive, where we will post any additional weather alerts.
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TALLAHASSEE HAS ISSUED A * FLOOD WARNING FOR URBAN AREAS AND SMALL STREAMS IN... SOUTH CENTRAL DECATUR COUNTY IN SOUTHWESTERN GEORGIA... * UNTIL 1115 PM EDT * AT 809 PM EDT...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCING HEAVY RAIN WHICH WILL CAUSE FLOODING. OVER 4 INCHES OF RAIN HAVE FALLEN SO FAR. * SOME LOCATIONS THAT WILL EXPERIENCE FLOODING INCLUDE... RECOVERY AND FACEVILLE. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS POWERFUL ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN. | <urn:uuid:34f9dd42-507f-4f1f-81ba-6a2bf2384942> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sowegalive.com/2015/07/29/heavy-rainfall-causing-flash-flooding-in-decatur-county/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.889269 | 547 | 1.8125 | 2 |
En-en adult card 13 additional greenhouse effect
Card #13: Additional Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon - incidentally, the most common GHG is water vapour. Without the greenhouse effect, the planet would be 33°C colder and life as we know it would not be possible. But CO2 and other GHGs related to human activities amplify the greenhouse effect and unbalance the climate.
On this card, we can see arrows of two colours:
- The orange arrows represent the energy that comes from the sun (UV, visible light and high-frequency infrared) and that which is reflected by the albedo effect at the same frequency. Albedo is the ability of a body to reflect light (a black body has an albedo of 0, a mirror has an albedo of 1, the earth has an average albedo of 0.31).
- The red arrows represent low frequency infrared energy, emitted by the Earth, which is less warm than the sun, or retained by the greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect is based on the fact that it is not the same incoming radiation as outgoing radiation.
On the right, -18°C is the temperature we would have on Earth without the greenhouse effect and 15°C is the planet's average temperature today.
It was 14°C in 1850, i.e. before human activity produced this additional greenhouse effect.
This card can be used to explain the greenhouse effect or radiative forcing.
The image of a blanket can be used to explain the additional greenhouse effect. Under the blanket, which symbolises natural greenhouse effect you are nice and warm. But the GHGs that humankind sends into the atmosphere thicken the blanket and it gets hotter and hotter. | <urn:uuid:864cdb55-1921-48cc-a708-676c64d86c03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fresqueduclimat.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=En-en_adult_card_13_additional_greenhouse_effect | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.930247 | 368 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Ethics as applied to the business world are nothing new, and ethics itself has been a topic of conversation and debate for thousands of years. But the rapid development of technology in the modern world brings with it both potential harm and benefits.
We now operate in a world where it is more and more difficult to opt out of a digitally mediated life, which is necessitating the increasing role of corporate digital ethics. New research from research and thought leadership org Leading Edge Forum(LEF) helps companies navigate the relationship between digital and business ethics, and provides a set of pragmatic tools that will assist at all stages of technological maturity with the application of sustainable ethical decision-making.
The new report, Stemming Sinister Tides: Sustainable Digital Ethics Through Evolution, by LEF’s Digital Anthropologist Dr. Caitlin McDonald, helps brands and businesses minimize risk by explaining how to use ethical frameworks as a way to not just define digital ethics, but make them ‘ethics of action’ that proactively influence the approach to tech development and implementation—essentially getting ethics away being from fading words on a page and into practice.
Organizations that fail to apply ethical thinking to their use and development of technology risk harm to their businesses in four key areas:
- Loss of customer base to more ethical service providers
- Loss of talent to more ethical employers
- Public harm through exacerbating systemic inequalities
- Loss of competitive edge against unethical actors
Critically, the research examines the evolutionary nature of digital ethics as a product or service moves through its development, as well as how different groups within the org will have varying views on ethical priorities. This dynamic and entwined mix of ethics can be complicated to understand, with its subtle interactions and initial intentions lost over time. The tools and techniques examined help companies map existing ethics before shaping an actionable model that can be taken forward by stakeholders under the corporate banner.
“Digital ethics has become a vitally important part of corporate life for companies that not just develop, but use technology at scale,” said Dr. McDonald. “Few people wake up in the morning and think, ‘Today’s a great day to be unethical.’ But all of us make decisions that require us to weigh competing interests. Sometimes this involves assessing impacts on different groups, including potential impacts that are not clear at the point of the decision.”
“Developing digital ethics is like having a digital strategy: you cannot have a digital strategy without a business strategy, and you cannot have digital ethics without business ethics,” McDonald added. “Digital ethics, and being ethically digital, is about managing the specific ethical concerns that emerge through technological ubiquity. This report is designed to give organizations a set of tools to help them navigate and define their own digital ethics in a way that is both actionable and sustainable in the long-term.” | <urn:uuid:11e0cbbd-5a52-4051-9565-18ddc71267f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agilitypr.com/pr-news/public-relations/making-digital-ethics-actionable-and-sustainable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946738 | 593 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Since January 1, John Vanderpoel has spotted more than 700 species of birds by searching from dawn until dusk -- but he's not done yet
After an unsuccessful morning of birdwatching this April, John Vanderpoel retired to his room at the Travelodge and told himself that he was done for the day, his last in Florida. To hold himself to this resolution, he threw all of his clothes into the laundry, save a pair of red gym shorts not fit for wearing in public. Vanderpoel wanted to take a nap. But first -- he couldn't help himself -- he checked an online "Bird Board" that reports rare sightings in Florida. Immediately, a glimmer of hope: a Fork-tailed Flycatcher -- a bird he had never seen before in his life -- had been spotted in Fort Lauderdale only an hour and a half before.
The flycatcher represented an opportunity. Normally found year-round between Mexico and Argentina, it is known to wander into the American Eastern Seaboard; on Vanderpoel's self-created scale of sighting probability, the flycatcher scores a 4 out of 6: "possible but unlikely." Vanderpoel threw on a green birding shirt that, luckily, had not made it into the washing machine, and sped to the scene in a car. But he arrived too late, finding only a crowd of dismayed birders. He decided to linger in Fort Lauderdale -- and sure enough, he was rewarded for his patience two hours later. He spotted the bird, its dainty body dramatically offset by a sharply bifurcated tail, perched on a wire above a cemetery.
The Fork-tailed Flycatcher was only Bird No. 474 of the year. But Vanderpoel had more than eight months left in the calendar year to increase this figure. A lifelong birder and the founder of a video production company (which created The Advanced Birding Video Series), Vanderpoel, 62, has committed 2011 to the completion of a "Big Year," an informal competition in which birdwatchers attempt to see or hear as many species as possible between January 1 and December 31. Vanderpoel, who had dreamt of doing a Big Year since the mid-1990s, has been named as a potential candidate to break the current North American record, and he has already climbed to third place. His quest has stirred excited discussion within the competitive birding community, and his personal blog -- which documents the sleepless nights, the primal thrill of discovery, the frantic chases (and, in the comments section, his wife's feelings about being a "bird widow") -- gets about 1,000 hits a day.
The Big Year competition is informal in the sense that there is no trophy, no grand celebration for the winner. It is simply a natural extension of the listing impulse so deeply ingrained in the birding community. Jeffrey Gordon, president of the American Birding Association, demurs at the word "administer" as a description of the ABA's role in the Big Year: at most, the organization has provided a framework for making such competitions possible. As the first issue of Birding, the ABA magazine, declared in 1969, "Life listing and annual listing, to say nothing of Christmas bird counts, big days, and the like, have become a matter of national competition and herein lies another important area for Birding to fulfill a leading role." Every year, the ABA publishes a special report showcasing members' list totals in different categories, including year lists. The organization crafted its own "recording rules" to define a legitimate sighting: for example, the bird must be "alive, wild, and unrestrained" at the moment of encounter, and the sighting must take place within the prescribed ABA area (including the 49 continental American states, Canada, and the French islands of St.-Pierre and Miquelon). Aside from this, what is most striking about competitive birding is its distinctly unregulated nature: Given the assurance of an honor code, nobody verifies lists.
Every year, the ABA receives around 50 entries in the year-list category, though the threshold of 700 sightings is rarely broken, according to publications director Bryan Patrick. The current North American record is held by Sandy Komito, a "legendary human bird-dog" as one newspaper called him, who traveled 270,000 miles and spent about $10,000 a month in 1998 to attain his 745 species. As of October 23, Vanderpoel has 728 species under his belt -- putting him only 18 species away from toppling Komito from his throne. To put things in better perspective, Virginia birder Bob Ake, who is second to Komito on the all-time year-list, reached the 728-mark in early December of his 2010 Big Year, which means that Vanderpoel is about seven weeks ahead of Ake's pace. While it seems likely that Vanderpoel will beat Ake's 731, he believes he has a "very, very slim" chance at surpassing Komito to grab the gold. "I'm thinking it would be very difficult," Vanderpoel says, "but not impossible."
Eighteen species may seem like a small margin, but things get harder as the species pile up over the months. Vanderpoel checked off 57 species on January 1 alone, and yet, it has taken him the last two months and more to cover the same number. To frame it somewhat differently, every bird in that first day's haul -- except two -- were of "certain" probability; species like the House Sparrow and Blue Jay are American regulars that most people, even non-birders, can see in their backyards without much effort. To have even the slightest chance of beating Komito, Vanderpoel cannot miss these sure bets; there are approximately 650 species that regularly breed in the United States, and he has only two left to find. The following tiers of species -- each more difficult to find than the previous -- are those that regularly occur but do not breed in the region (around 670), and vagrants that appear in specific locations at specific times of the year, some of which have only been seen once and perhaps will never be seen again (around 290). For those who take their Big Years seriously, these are the birds around which they shape their traveling schedules. Because the difficulty curve starts to incline sharply after a certain threshold, unique sightings become increasingly pivotal as the year progresses.
Getting these take dedication. Vanderpoel birds almost every day, many times from dawn to dusk. Unsurprisingly, he hasn't had as much time this year to devote to his company, Peregrine Video Productions. Mostly, he has been traveling across the country: he seeks out birds that inhabit specific habitats or regions, he strategically traces migration patterns, and he must do all of this while taking note of the changing seasons and the decreasing amount of daylight. "He's a meticulous planner, and he's been a full-time travel agent for this year," says Bill Kaempfer, the vice president of the Colorado Field Ornithologists and Vanderpoel's good birding friend. "He really attends to all of those details, plans things out, knows where he's going and what he's likely to see there, and gets the job done." As seen in the flycatcher episode, Vanderpoel uses the community of birders, including readers of his blog, as a source of instant reports of rarities ("Please call me if there's a mega rarity near you!" he urges on his site). Quick travel is a must. One major windfall: Vanderpoel enjoyed about a dozen free flights during the summer as a result of his son's internship with United Airlines. "I was just moving fast and furious," he says. "That was a huge advantage. From that point on, if there was a rarity, I'm going to chase it and I'm not going to worry about the cost."
The concept of a Big Year is staggering on many levels. There's the sheer magnitude, the needle-in-a-haystack notion of seeing and identifying hundreds of birds -- many of which can be no bigger than the palm of your hand -- within a continental landscape. Next, the year-long commitment raises practical questions of physical and emotional stamina, not to mention financial solvency. The serious ones must become transients with no real destination but a number. Onlookers respond differently: some are awestruck, some are plain derisive. The feel-good fictional film The Big Year that came out this past month, starring Jack Black, Steve Martin, and Owen Wilson, attempts to capture these different strains of interpretation: the repeated quote "Those damn birds!" reflects a sentiment shared by the stoic father, the exasperated wife, and the suited colleagues who cannot fathom why the main characters choose to devote so much of their energy to such a quixotic quest. Even Kenn Kaufman, whose memoir Kingbird Highway recounts his 1973 Big Year, admits: "It can be a real pain in the neck at times, and you think, 'Why am I doing this?!' For the people who are actually going all the way through, they tend to be pretty focused, energetic, driven, and not quite normal. But in a good way -- I think normalcy is highly overrated."
The Big Year landscape has changed considerably since Kaufman, a renowned writer and editor of field guides, embarked on his trip at the age of 18. He says he was inspired by a footnote in Wild America, a book by naturalists Roger Tory Peterson and James Fisher documenting their 30,000-mile road trip: "My year's list at the end of 1953 was 572 species," Peterson wrote. After dropping out of high school, Kaufman hitchhiked his way across the country, lived on less than a dollar a day, ate dried cat food -- and set a Big Year record of 671. Kaufman says that he was able to "run with the big dogs" as a teenager and viably compete for the record because the information flow in those days did not necessarily benefit some more than others. While rare species make and break today's records, they were simply too difficult to find 30 years ago; even if one heard of a sighting, the information probably came too late for any productive response. It was simply the bread-and-butter, and a lot of luck. "We just didn't get news of anything," Kaufman recalls. "Now, there's instant communication. If somebody finds rare birds in California, I'll know about it five minutes later." Today's competitive Big Year participants, he says, need the resources -- travel, time, money -- to chase rare targets.
The Big Year and the broader listing culture certainly serve as useful educational frameworks for those interested in birds, Kaufman says. But he hopes that increased publicity of the Big Year -- especially in light of a major motion picture featuring it -- does not disadvantage other equally valuable ways of engaging with the natural world. As Gordon, the ABA president, says: "People have all different approaches to birding, and it's not like doing really well at Big Year automatically would give you the same kind of notoriety that writing a well-received field guide would, or starting a really effective conservation program, or introducing kids to birding. All of these different things would be legitimate ways of having a standing within the community." The makers of The Big Year, wanting to portray the competition as a determinant of the "best birder in the world," approached the ABA for templates of Birding magazine for a scene in which Owen Wilson appears on a cover in recognition of his Big Year victory. "That's not how it is," Gordon says.
For his part, Vanderpoel is in it more for the chase than for the glory of victory. His Big Year has not been solely about the record: he teamed up with Citizens for Conservation, which is involved in restoration projects, to raise pledges for each species he spots, and he has used the year to expand his sightings of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians (all of which are meticulously documented in Excel spreadsheets). "How am I going to feel if I don't break the record? I'm still gonna feel real good," he says. "I've met so many nice people, I've seen so many great birds, and I've had so many exotic adventures. This has been one of the most exciting things I've done in my life." But neither is Vanderpoel content to ease off in the competition's final stages: "I'm gonna go pedal-to-the-metal," he says, before preparing to ship off to Gambell, Alaska -- for the third time this year -- in pursuit of what he loves: those damn birds.
Images: 1. Aztec Thrush; 2. Fork-Tailed Flycatcher/John Vanderpoel. | <urn:uuid:603044ef-cad7-4a13-8d64-269007c323b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/10/the-big-year-1-mans-race-to-spot-more-than-745-birds-in-1-year/247214/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974545 | 2,652 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Take a look at the beta version of dw.com. We're not done yet! Your opinion can help us make it better.
Still reeling from Irish voters' rejection of the European Union's reform plans, the bloc's foreign ministers are meeting Monday, June 16 to discuss how to proceed.
Is European unification bound to slow down?
The European Union's foreign ministers Monday called on Ireland to explain the country's rejection of the Lisbon Treaty, warning that no quick solutions were in sight.
"Ireland signed the Lisbon Treaty, it is up to her to find a solution," Danish Foreign Minister Per Stig Moeller said at a meeting in Luxembourg.
But his Austrian colleague, Ursula Plassnik, said it would be unfair to isolate Ireland and called on all 27 member states to come up with a way out of the impasse.
"We are not going to put anyone in a corner, let alone the Irish. We must be fair towards them and listen to what they have to say," Plassnik said.
Irish Foreign Minister Micheal Martin said he needed to get a better idea of why voters rejected the first treaty before committing the country to a re-vote.
"The people's decision has to be respected and we have to chart a way through ... It is far too early for proffering any solutions or proposals," Martin said as he arrived at the meeting in Luxembourg on Monday. "There are no quick fix solutions."
Eighteen of 27 EU countries have already ratified the Lisbon Treaty, which is designed to streamline how the bloc does business. But every country needs to ratify the treaty before it can take effect.
Germany wants Ireland involved in EU
There were many reasons why the Irish voted "no"
There have been concerns that the "no" vote in Ireland, the only place where the treaty was subject to a public referendum, could be enough to sink the entire EU reform project.
Yet the bloc's foreign ministers said they were determined to find a way forward.
The German foreign ministry said Monday it was "conceivable" that Ireland would not take part in EU decision-making after its voters rejected the bloc's Lisbon Treaty, but stressed this was not the preferred solution.
"No one wishes or wants and no one wants to exclude another member state against its own wishes from the EU decision-making process," ministry spokesman Martin Jaeger said. "But there could be ... scenarios where for example a member state under certain circumstances says, 'I am refraining from taking part in certain decision-making processes'," Jaeger told a news conference.
He added though that this was "exactly what we do not want."
Berlin "therefore welcomed very much that our Irish friends signaled at the weekend that they remain interested in the integration of Europe continuing and that they want to talk to us intensively in this framework," he said.
"Our aim remains clear. We want to stick to this treaty. The treaty is necessary for Europe. It makes Europe more efficient, more democratic and more transparent."
But Slovenian Foreign Minister Dimitrij Rupel, whose country holds the rotating EU presidency, warned against any hasty bid to save the treaty.
"It would be risky to say we are going to bring the treaty back to life when we are facing a blockade," he said.
No easy solutions to Ireland crisis
Will Britain's Gordon Brown stand behind the treaty?
EU leaders have been accused of ignoring the concerns of citizens as they have pushed forward with the Lisbon Treaty. Irish voters rejected the treaty for many reasons, chief among them concerns that the treaty would alter the country's abortion laws, tax legislation and neutrality.
Luxembourg's Foreign Minister Jean Asselborn proposed that the EU write a declaration reassuring the Irish that the treaty would not impact these issues. Most other EU leaders hedged their bets about the best way to proceed.
Concerns about Britain, Czech Republic
Even with the Irish rejection of the treaty, most EU leaders have called for the eight countries which have not yet ratified the treaty to do so. If everyone else was on board, Ireland would come under enormous pressure to hold a new referendum. Yet there were concerns that the governments of other countries will also back away from their support of the treaty.
The leaders in Britain and the Czech Republic are considered euroskeptics, and there is no assurance that they will push ahead with treaty ratification.
The EU has no clear way forward
French President Nicolas Sarkozy, whose country takes up the EU's rotating presidency on July 1, will meet with Czech leaders Monday to make sure they are on board.
The aim will be to see if "they are committed to follow up on their ratification process," a senior EU diplomat told the news agency AFP, after Czech President Vaclav Klaus remarked that the reform treaty was dead.
"You can count on the president not to leave Europe malfunctioning," French Secretary of State for European Affairs, Jean-Pierre Jouyet, said in an interview on Sunday.
He stressed that Paris was counting on a political deal at this week's EU summit which would give the French EU presidency "all means possible for implementing essential policies for Europe." | <urn:uuid:e7eec055-26ad-439e-b935-394543d939cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dw.com/en/eu-ministers-look-for-way-forward-after-irish-treaty-shock/a-3414802 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975627 | 1,063 | 1.648438 | 2 |
On November 4, voters in the US made a momentous choice, not only by taking another step towards racial equality, but also by demanding new ways of relating to other countries, to injustice, to the environment, and to truth itself. As of today, that is only one step; nothing has changed except the direction we are pointed.
Where the path leads next depends even more on the rest of us than it does on President-Elect Obama. The great challenges of globalization, racism, poverty, and violence are unaffected by a single election. Yet, there is a risk that we can fall asleep, lose sight of those challenges, and begin to think only of narrow issues, such as many that surfaced in the campaign.
We have the opportunity now to respond to the challenges posed 43 years ago in Martin Luther King, Jr.’s excellent speech, Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution. In his talk, he relates the story of “Rip Van Winkle,” who slept 20 years. But he reminds us that when Rip went up to the mountain, the sign on the local inn had a picture of King George III of England. Twenty years later, the sign had a picture of George Washington. Rip had not only slept 20 years; he had slept through a revolution. As King says, “Rip Van Winkle knew nothing about it; he was asleep.”
King saw that we are experiencing a scientific and technological revolution, one that challenges us to remain awake, and to develop a world perspective. It’s more imperative than ever to eradicate racial injustice and rid the world of poverty, and to find an alternative to war and bloodshed. Long before talk of flat worlds, King saw that our destinies were intertwined:
All I’m saying is simply this: that all mankind is tied together; all life is interrelated, and we are all caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. For some strange reason I can never be what I ought to be until you are what you ought to be. And you can never be what you ought to be until I am what I ought to be – this is the interrelated structure of reality…And by believing this, by living out this fact, we will be able to remain awake through a great revolution.
Remaining awake means looking beyond government as usual and recognizing that children in Haiti are in our “garment of destiny,” as much a part of our world as the person next door. It means knowing that justice is an ongoing project that needs to be defended wherever we hear of abuses of human rights, not seeking ways to justify them. It means finding an end to wars, not simply moving from one venue to another.
Can we do any better now at addressing King’s great challenges?
King, Jr, Martin Luther (1965, June). Remaining awake through a great revolution. Commencement address for Oberlin College, Oberlin Ohio. | <urn:uuid:323b1ac4-54a7-4280-be3a-69aab50a2c47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chipbruce.net/2008/11/26/remaining-awake-through-a-great-revolution/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963316 | 628 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Still banned in China because of criticism of Mao Zedong, the true story of Jung Chan’s mother and maternal grandmother plunges the reader into the pain and horror of China’s troubled history during the twentieth century. A sobering read, its importance cannot be exaggerated in helping us understand a land which increasingly reaches into every aspect of our own lives.
At over 500 pages, it is a serious history that manages to read like a historical thriller. If I share with you its opening lines, you will see what I mean:
“At the age of fifteen my grandmother became the concubine of a warlord general, the police chief of a tenuous national government of China. The year was 1924 and China was in chaos.”
You might like to add it to that Christmas wish-list for Santa. Or simply treat yourself. | <urn:uuid:8661b1cc-e61a-4cd4-a821-91334c4ed023> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ninevoices.wordpress.com/tag/wild-swans-by-jung-chang/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953142 | 175 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Last fall, Colorado state agencies opened 100,000 acres of Colorado state trust land to hunters and anglers to kick off the 2019 hunting season.
In 2020 we are looking forward to gaining public access to an additional 200,000 acres of Colorado state trust land for hunting and fishing under a program managed by Colorado state agencies. Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) and the Colorado State Land Board have nominated state trust land properties that they are considering for addition to the Public Access Program, which would mean the public could hunt and/or fish on some of these properties as soon as the 2020 hunting season. For scale, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge near Denver is about 16,000 acres in total, so the 2020 state trust land expansion will be equal to about 12.5 times that area, though the state trust lands to be opened for walk-in access are spread out across Eastern Colorado.
To see the map with state trust land properties under consideration for public hunting and fishing access, visit the recreation page on the Colorado State Land Board website or this web map link. Let us know what you think on the Colorado Chapter of Backcountry Hunters & Anglers’ Facebook page or website!
To learn more about state trust land history, the policies that control recreational access to Colorado state trust land, and recommendations for improving access to Colorado state trust land, check out Colorado BHA's 2019 Colorado State Trust Land Access Report
If you’re considering hunting or fishing on Colorado state trust land, please consider the following!
Access is limited to hunting season months in many cases. Most state trust land properties listed under the Public Access Program are open to the public for wildlife-related recreation only from September 1st through the end of February, unless otherwise specified in the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Colorado State Recreation Lands.
Different rules may apply to different properties. Always visit the CPW State Trust Lands page and look at the State Recreation Lands brochure to look at specific property permissions and restrictions before you go to a property to recreate.
These properties are simultaneously leased for other purposes so please be respectful of other land users who have leases in place allowing them to use state trust land for other kinds of activities. For example, there may be cattle on these properties so please use public access points, always close gates behind you, park in designated areas, and be careful to avoid livestock.
Around 30 Colorado state trust land properties are open for fishing year-round. The easiest way to find which Colorado state trust land properties allow fishing is to go to CPW’s Colorado State Recreation Lands brochure, then to the “State Trust Lands (STLs) Public Access Program” section.
Furthermore, the BLM announced in December 2019 its intent to transfer 17,700 acres of federal surface and federal mineral ownership to the Colorado State Land Board to be converted into Colorado state trust land. This is land that the public currently has access to as BLM land. If transferred to the Colorado State Land Board, it would be managed the same way that other Colorado state trust land is, i.e. no public access unless an established lease agreement is in place that permits access for specified activities (like the one that established the Public Access Program). The public scoping comment period was open only from December 2 through December 23, 2019. The BLM will conduct an Environmental Assessment next, and the public should be allowed to comment on the Environmental Assessment in the spring of 2020. Stay tuned, and for more information check out the resources listed below:
- State Indemnity Lands Environmental Assessment | <urn:uuid:269e2b2b-49d7-4fa8-90a2-06ef6d861bab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.backcountryhunters.org/colorado_state_trust_land_access_report | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.921045 | 732 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The scientifically most advanced whitening system is safe,
effective and incredibly fast procedure. In just one visit you can get your teeth perfectly white. It is ideal for all cases especially for those busy people who are looking for immediate results.
Once indicated by Dr. Llansana this type of whitening, an oral cleaning or prophylaxis will be recommended to do before.
Subsequently, desensitizing toothpastes will be prescribed a week before the whitening session.
This system is preferred by our dental clinic, because we see it very safely for the tissues. The soft tissues are isolated from inside and around the mouth, lips and gums especially, leaving only the exposed teeth to be treated.
Then the gel is applied and, after that, the technical lamp, so that it penetrates smoothly and slowly into the teeth by means of photoactivation of the hydrogen peroxide and performs the bleaching effect.
It is a type of rapid tooth whitening that is done in clinic under the supervision of a dentist and dental hygienist, which guarantees total control of the treatment. It takes approximately an hour and the results are immediate.
During the treatment the patient can watch television or listen to music without any inconvenience if he wishes. We have piped music in the clinic and plasma televisions on the roof.
There is a myth that teeth whitening techniques are harmful to teeth, but it’s not true in case if it is done by dental aesthetic professionals and, above all, in dental clinic such as Excellence Dental, which is committed to using products of first quality with studies that demonstrate their effectiveness and harmlessness.
During and after the teeth whitening treatment you do not feel any pain but a sensitivity that is totally transient and that will disappear after few days.
Following certain care instructions after whitening, your teeth will always be whiter than before the treatment. To ensure that your teeth look as good as possible, we recommend maintaining correct oral hygiene using the maintenance product at home according to the recommendations of our professionals.
The most effective and least abrasive technique
Tener unos dientes blancos es el deseo de muchos de los pacientes que acuden a la consulta del dentista con el objetivo de lucir la mejor de las sonrisas con una imagen estéticamente perfecta.
Caso real de Blanqueamiento ZOOM!
Tener mis dientes blancos y sanos es muy importante para mi.
Una única sesión de 1 hora y media, para conseguir bajar 6 tonos.
At Excellence Dental we offer our patients very good payment conditions for any of our treatments.Más información
Fill in the information of the following form and we will contact you as soon as possible
INFORMACIÓN DE APERTURA
Tras la propuesta de desescalada por fases del Gobierno, estamos atendiendo visitas con cita previa y priorizando los tratamientos por dolor o infección.
Por un bien común, aplicamos estrictos protocolos de bioseguridad y regulamos el flujo de pacientes por lo que este mes de Mayo nuestro horario de visita será:
lunes-miércoles-viernes de 15:30 a 21:30 y martes-jueves de 9:00 a 15:00, siempre con cita previa
Progresivamente, iremos ampliando nuestro horario de visita al que era habitual
Agradecemos su responsabilidad y solidaridad | <urn:uuid:32685ca6-ac12-4486-9098-78da8edef892> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://excellencedental.es/en/services/blanqueamiento-dental/blanqueamiento-dental-zoom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.688652 | 800 | 1.59375 | 2 |
It’s official, at least according to HR Magazine, the monthly publication from the highly influential Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM)—the No. 1 “worst job” is newspaper reporter, followed by broadcaster.
The first reaction of many of us in the public relations field is to chortle and think, “serves them right,” but that would be a mistake—and result in a missed opportunity.
First, the reasons behind the ranking: CareerCast used a broad range of criteria: income, job growth outlook, working environment and stress to measure which jobs were “most appealing” and those that were “unappealing.” (The headline writer obligingly supplied the “best” and “worst” summary.)
Those of us who rub up against the media regularly and are obsessive followers of media trends have no trouble figuring it out. All of us know highly talented broadcasters from prestigious journalism programs and universities working for $25,000 a year (or less) in “starter” markets from which they might never emerge given criterion number two, job growth outlook.
Our estimate is that the last decade has seen a reduction of approximately 50 percent in reporting and producing jobs in news media. Everybody knows where they’ve gone: websites, blogs, social media and a fake news diaspora. All these trends are stressful indeed. Every week brings news of more layoffs or downsizings in the media. While there has always been heavy emphasis on getting a story rather than just facts—and getting it first—we think the trend has intensified over the last decade.
Although the survey separated newspaper reporter and broadcaster, we know that the line between the two media is blurred and all-but-disappearing. Reporters for my local paper, the Dallas Morning News, are expected to do a 90-second iPhone interview and post pictures that support their story. Venerable print publications like The Wall Street Journal carry as many videos as they can. An interview on Fortune TV is considered as important as a full profile in the magazine—and a lot less time consuming for the interviewer and executive.
PR professionals should use the news to further our mission. Let’s reach out to industry or beat reporters (who are also disappearing as quickly as rain puddles in a Texas summer) to commiserate and assure them that we value their role and mission and volunteer to supply industry or company news, scan trade publications and share newsletters (highlighted for key points).
PR staff members are also highly likely to follow analyst calls, industry conferences and other frequently neglected sources of information. We can convert ourselves into the eyes and ears of our associates in the media and spot what they no longer have time to research.
We are also much more likely to pour over news reports and spot incorrect facts or conclusions. If we resist the temptation to sound superior and maintain an attitude that conveys we empathize with a topic’s complexity, we can pass along fact-checking nuggets. Years ago, when I was Director of Public Affairs for one of the main Washington regulatory agencies, The New York Times reporter used to check regularly to make sure he understood the implications of a case or ruling.
We confess to some reservations about this list. The other three “worst” jobs are logger, enlisted military personnel and pest control worker. We understand there may not be a rush to any of those fields, but the No. 1 “best” job was statistician. As a Columbia Business School graduate, I can assure you that the personnel pool in this rating was heavily skewed to finance and the definition of working environment in the list of criteria should be re-examined. Other “best” jobs were medical services manager, operations research analyst, information security analyst and data scientist.
Years ago, Texas Monthly, the highly-regarded, Austin-based monthly magazine whose articles and writers have won every award in the field, had a “best” and “worst” article. One of the worst jobs was “chicken de-sexer” (and I admit that I’ve forgotten the details of the job) and another was “living in Wichita Falls.” A successful businessman in Wichita Falls was outraged and hired us. We arranged a speech to a business group in Austin and invited the Texas Monthly staff. The speech gave us new challenges in using humor, but our client pulled it off. The magazine ran a nice piece about citizen enthusiasm and can-do spirit in Wichita Falls.
We’re sharing this poll in hopes of reaching out to our colleagues in the media since, in the end, we’re all in the communication business.
This article originally appeared on the Spaeth Communications site; reprinted with permission. | <urn:uuid:2f6149a4-50ac-43ca-86ac-b981c43cec18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agilitypr.com/pr-news/public-relations/worst-jobs-2017-opportunity-pr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957419 | 994 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Thursday 10 December 2015 will mark 16 years since Croatia’s first president and father of the modern and independent Croatia, Franjo Tudjman, passed away.
Remembering Franjo Tudjman this year is an event that needs to consider the current political confusion in Croatia; the current stalemate in forming a new government; the divided electorates between the centre-left, the centre-right and the new Bridge coalition of independents; the stage at which Croatia is on the road to realize all reforms for a prosperous democracy Tudjman spoke of way back in May 1990 when the first free Croatian Parliament was inaugurated. If we look closely at Tudjman’s “strategic and action plan” weaved into his speech for a democratic, well-rounded and prosperous Croatia we see that points he put before us have mostly not been attended to or even partially achieved. This pertains to point 4 and onward in the part of…
View original post 1,546 more words | <urn:uuid:70d20ed6-68e8-4980-8482-5162f3e2dfa3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bythemightymumford.wordpress.com/2015/12/11/croatia-remembering-franjo-tudjman/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946401 | 210 | 1.820313 | 2 |
A visit to the Tiger Reserve assures to be a very mesmerizing experience of Maikal range. Discover the dense lush green Sal and bamboo forests and take delight in wild life viewing. Achanakmar Tiger Reserve is situated in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh. Even a short trek through this park easily reveals its extraordinary beauty and biodiversity, The most favorable time to visit Tiger Reserve is from the month of November to the month of June.
Sal, bija, saja, haldu, teak, tinsa, dhawara, lendia, khamar and bamboo bloom here along with over 600 species of medicinal plants much larger Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve.
Wild fauna includes the tiger, leopard, bison, flying squirrel, Indian giant squirrel, chinkara, wild dog, hyena, sambar, chital and over 150 species of birds.
Chhattisgarh was the region known as Dakshin Koshal, which finds mention in both the Ramayana and Mahabharata
Raipur (200km) is the nearest airport well connected to Mumbai, Delhi, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bangalore, Vishakhapatnam and Chennai.
Bilaspur (60km) is the nearest railway station on the Bombay – Howrah main line.
Local taxis, buses and private vehicles are available for transportation from Bilaspur. | <urn:uuid:ae3d4bc5-df22-465a-8245-ee9798c3b7ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chhattisgarhtourism.co.in/achanakmar-tiger-reserve-chhattisgarh.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.919831 | 303 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Myth 1: The GDPR doesn’t apply to businesses outside the EU.
Yes, it does. It’s true the GDPR concerns the personal data of people living in the EU; however, what it actually regulates is the gathering and processing of this data, no matter where that takes place. If you decide not to comply, the fact that your business is based in the U.S. will not be enough to keep you from a fine of approximately $24 million (€20 million), or 4% of your company’s global annual revenue.
Myth 2: All personal data is the same.
Article 9 of the GDPR outlines several types of sensitive data that are prohibited to process. These are considered separate from the general data referred to in the rest of the text and include “personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership … genetic data, biometric data … [and] data concerning a natural person’s sex life or sexual orientation.” If your organization collects or processes any of this type of particularly sensitive information, you face additional requirements for doing so.
Myth 3: The GDPR doesn’t apply to data already collected.
As long as the information collected qualifies as personal data pertaining to an EU citizen, it falls under this regulation — regardless of when it was collected. For example, let’s say a handful of French citizens signed up for your company’s email newsletter back in 2014, and those addresses are still in the company database. As of May 25, 2018, you will have to provide proof those data subjects gave their consent as outlined in Article 7 of the GDPR. Plus, those citizens will have the same right to rectification, erasure, restriction of processing and data portability as those whose data is collected post-GDPR.
Myth 4: It’s your cloud service provider’s job to make sure your data is compliant.
The data chain starts with your business, but even if you’re using a third party to store personal data, you’ll still be held responsible for meeting GDPR requirements. In the event of a data breach, both you and your cloud service provider will need to comply with GDPR policy. Because of that, it’s imperative that you have documentation of their data protection policies and processes as they relate to this regulation.
Myth 5: Every company has to appoint a data protection officer.
Your organization would be required to appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO) in only three siutations:
These are rather vague designations. For example, nothing in the regulation clearly states what constitutes large-scale data processing. But here’s something to keep in mind: If your organization is audited for compliance and the auditor discovers you’re required to have a DPO but don’t, the fines will be stiff.
Even if your company is on the fence about needing a DPO, or it doesn’t fit any of the above categories, it’s worth appointing a protection officer. The compliance process can be long and confusing — a DPO can be instrumental in helping your company navigate it successfully.
Myth 6: Fines are the biggest threat to your business.
Sure, $24 million in fines is enough to get most companies working toward compliance, but there’s another incentive organizations should be focusing on. The GDPR represents a clear change in public opinion regarding the privacy of personal information — consumers and employees want greater control over who has their data and what they’re doing with it.
While the GDPR and its massive fines are making the headlines, businesses would do well to remember public opinion matters just as much. Organizations that enthusiastically embrace these new rules for data protection will win major points with their customers. Businesses that don’t risk alienation.
Insight disclaims this as a full review on EU data privacy nor is it intended to be legal advice for your company to use in complying with EU data privacy laws like the GDPR. Instead, it provides background information to help you better understand some important legal points. You should not rely on this paper as legal advice, nor as a recommendation of any particular legal understanding. Insight suggests you consult an attorney if you’d like advice on your interpretation of this information or its accuracy or its applicability to your business. | <urn:uuid:c79bb214-639a-4937-b5af-746e2291ad46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ips.insight.com/en_US/content-and-resources/2018/02012018-6-myths-about-the-general-data-protection-regulation-debunked.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.935636 | 909 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Chew slowly. Tune into the texture, the smell, and complexity of flavors. Keep chewing. Swallow. Take a sip of water. And, for a few moments, resist the urge to take another bite. Continue this way throughout the course of a meal, and you’ll experience the pleasures and frustrations of mindful eating.
The practice has ancient Buddhist roots. It is, in fact, a form of secular meditation, asking the consumer to experience food more intensely, paying close attention to the sensation and purpose of each bite. Mindful eating is not a diet–and it doesn’t ask you to eat less–but the approach is gaining traction as successful weight loss mechanism. In fact, recent studies have shown that mindful eaters respond less to emotional stress, consume significantly fewer calories and have an easier time maintaining a healthy BMI compared to those who are unaware.
And you can start eating with awareness today. Here are 8 simple tips—straight from the experts and the latest in Eat This, Not That!‘s scientific research—that will help you to eat more mindfully and start losing weight today:
1. Minimize Distractions
“We eat for many reasons but the main prompt for mindful eating is physical hunger. It’s hard to be present if you’re eating at your desk, cyber-loafing, or watching television. When your mind is focusing on something besides your food, you don’t realize things like: ‘Was the food actually good?’ and ‘Am I getting full?’ This often leads to ‘do-over’ eating which isn’t so mindful. Eat with purpose and presence! Minimize distractions as often as possible.” — Leslie P. Schilling, MA, RDN, CSSD, LDN, Schilling Nutrition Therapy, LLC & Creator of www.YourSupperSolution.com
2. Be Sense-ible
The warm smell of cinnamon, the charred stripes on a grilled chicken breast, the crunch of an apple … experts say paying attention to the sensory details of food is a simple way to start eating mindfully—and start dropping pounds. In fact, a study in the journal Flavour found participants who took time to appreciate the aroma of a meal ate significantly less of a dish that smelled strongly than a mildly scented variety. A second study found that people served a monochromatic plate of food—like fettuccine Alfredo on a white plate–ate 22 percent more than those served a more visually-appealing plate that provided more color and contrast. Texture also comes into play. Researchers in Florida found people tend to eat more of soft, smooth foods–which tend to be higher in fat–than of hard, crisp ones. In one study, participants consumed more soft brownie bits than hard brownie bits, until they were asked to focus on calorie content. Just being mindful of how things like aroma, mouthfeel and food presentation can influence how much we eat can help increase the satisfaction we get from a meal and also prevent overeating.
3. Set the Table for Pleasure
“We are born pleasure-seekers. It’s not just food calories that fill us up, but the pleasure we derive from eating them. Taking time to set the mood can increase your meal satisfaction, which means you’re less likely to overeat. In fact, pleasure helps the body relax, which aids digestion. This means you’ll metabolize an indulgent meal faster and smaller portion sizes will satisfy you. So even when eating alone, take time to set the mood with rituals that boost pleasure–Vitamin P as we call it on The Naughty Diet. Use your fine china, pour yourself a glass of wine, light a candle and put on some Barry White, You Sexy Thing!” — Melissa Milne, Author of The Naughty Diet (2015)
4. Pace Your Plate
Stopping at a red light is more challenging when you’re flying at 100 miles per hour than when cruising at a slower speed. Knowing when to put down your fork is similar. Experts say gauging your body’s subtle “I’m full” cues is easier when you take smaller bites at a slower pace. In fact, one study published in the journal PLOS One found that people who focused on taking “small bites” of food consumed about 30 percent less soup for their meal than those who didn’t make the conscious decision. The mindful soup slurpers also more accurately estimated how many calories they had consumed. And a second study in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found simply slowing down had similar results. People who focused on doubling the number of times they chewed before swallowing ate 15 perfect less food and 112 fewer calories over the course of a meal. So pump the brakes, and slow down to slim down.
5. Ask Yourself
“Mindful eating can help you break free from old automatic, habitual patterns of reacting to environmental and emotional triggers. So whenever you feel like eating, pause to ask, ‘Am I hungry?’ and choose how you’ll respond. Then, eat mindfully with intention and attention: Eat with the intention of feeling better when you’re finished eating than you did when you started, and eat with your full attention on the food and your body for optimal enjoyment and satisfaction.” — Michelle May, M.D., Founder of Am I Hungry? Mindful Eating Programs
6. Om Before You Nom
Of all the gym-goers, yogis tend to be the most mindful eaters, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. In a survey of more than 300 Seattle residents, researchers found that people who ate more mindfully weighed less than those who ate mindlessly (those who reported eating when not hungry or in response to anxiety or depression). The researchers also found a strong association between yoga practice and mindful eating but not between other types of physical activity, like walking or running. According to the authors, yoga, as it teaches how to maintain calm in uncomfortable or challenging situations, can increase mindfulness in eating and lead to less weight gain over time—independent of the physical aspect of the exercise. So consider adding a few minutes of downward dog to your daily routine, and make your approach to mindful eating a holistic one. (If you’re looking for a perfect way to end your yoga session, reach for a cup of green tea. It’s the best tea for boosting your weight loss success.)
7. Make it a Family Affair
“There are a number of ‘external’ factors—such as the people with whom you are enjoying a meal—that play a critical role in your ability to eat mindfully. Think of ways to optimize your environment that will help you achieve this goal. For example, make others who are eating with you aware of your goal to eat mindfully. Invite them to try it, too. You may find that experiencing a meal together will help you both savor what you are eating and pay closer attention to how much you are eating, so you don’t overindulge.” — Dan Childs, Managing Editor of the ABC News Medical Unit, Author of Thinfluence
8. Remove the Traps
Our homes are filled with hidden eating traps, and simply being aware of something as simple as the size of a bowl can influence how much you eat, according to Brian Wansink, Director of Cornell’s Food and Brand Lab. In one of Wansink’s “mindless eating” studies, moviegoers ate 45 percent more fresh popcorn from extra-large containers than large ones. A second study showed people automatically pour more liquid in short, wide glasses than in tall, skinny ones of the same volume. Even a kid’s cereal bowl can be a hidden trap for mindless overeating. A study in the Journal of Pediatrics found children who were given a 16-ounce bowl served themselves twice as much cereal than children given an 8-ounce bowl. Bottom line: It’s easier to change your environment than to change your mind. Employing simple strategies like eating off salad plates instead of large dinner plates are more likely to succeed than willpower alone. | <urn:uuid:fba3a248-57d9-45d1-a4ba-d2f00a5c2ed7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sweking.com/8-easy-ways-to-eat-mindfully/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945074 | 1,717 | 2.125 | 2 |
Source – forbes.com
Have you ever stopped to think about the limitations of technology? Are there any limitations? As new developments pop up almost every single day, it seems the answer is “no.” And the youth of today are demanding more – more convenience, more adaptability, and more ease of use. And with the advances in technology, you can no longer ignore artificial intelligence’s role in making those advances possible. In fact, AI has a role in all aspects of life from the home to shopping to the workplace. I recently had the pleasure of speaking to Peter Voss, CEO and chief scientist behind Aigo, and he explained how artificial intelligence is poised to make our lives a lot more convenient.
#1 – A.I. Will Manage Your Life
Can you imagine a world where one device can book your appointments, monitor your home security, remind you that your car is due for an oil change and remember that your spouse checks Skype more often than email? Personal assistants have been around for several years now. Many families are equipped with some version of Amazon’s Alexa, Google’s Home Assistant, or Apple’s HomePod. These devices play their music, help with shopping lists and announce the weather.
But, what if these devices could also learn about you, hold a conversation, and interact with you on an entirely new level? The future of personal assistants is changing, and artificial intelligence is behind the evolving technology. We’ve seen it in Hollywood entertainment for many years, most recently with the Netflix Original Series, Black Mirror. The problem with each of these “smart assistants” is that it’s not smart for you. At least that’s what Voss believes. His solution is for companies to develop a truly “personal smart assistant”, which belongs to you, not some mega-corporation, cough, Skynet, cough. Taking the lead on this idea, Voss’ vision, dubbed “Aigo,” becomes smarter as you use it. “These devices should be customized to you, adapt to your needs and goals, and act as an external brain in your life,” Voss explained.
He went on to explain that through blockchain technology, the information you choose to give your assistant remains your information. You get to decide if it remains private or becomes public. “Today we are limited to a myriad of rudimentary bots that are not intelligent,” said Voss. “They are designed to fit the agenda of mega-corporations. They have either limited to no personalization, and they are highly promiscuous with our data.” Voss’s vision of a truly personal smart assistant, does not yet exist in the world today, as the bugs are still being addresses in the very beginnings of these other devices releases. But, with AI, it’s only a matter of time before these advancements come to light.
#2 – A.I. Will Increase Your Quality Of Life
A.I. can make our lives a lot easier, or more difficult, depending on the demographic and user, of course. Can you imagine a nurse being able to tell a robot to go fill a prescription and deliver medicine to patients? In the medical field, such technology is already beginning to take form. In a previous interview with The Doctors TV Host, Travis Stork, I asked Stork how the profession has changed with this new tech. Stork responded that the smartphone has provided new ways to diagnose and even utilize resources such as ultrasounds. “In emergency medicine, ultrasound has changed in the way we diagnose…where you can now use an ultrasound app to perform ultrasounds almost anywhere. A few years ago, that would have been unthinkable.”
What about a reality where you can order drinks, dinner or extra towels from the hotel just by simply stating what you desire? A.I. is a game changer. The cognitive abilities make the technology far reaching across many applications. The ability to connect with people becomes far greater, but presents a very real danger of isolating individuals as well. “At the end of the day, this technology is all about balance,” said Stork.
The choice in whether to accept the technology in your life is up to you.
#3 – A.I. Will Free Up More Of Your Valuable Time
We all know that time is money, and we also know time is precious. What if A.I. could help free up more of that valuable resource so that we could enjoy our families, pursue our passions and enjoy life a little more? That is quickly becoming a reality as A.I. is poised to become a tool that can operate other programs, interface with systems that are overly complicated and greatly simplify and quicken every day activities. And as A.I. is taking care of more and more of our services for us, we will have more time available in our schedules each and every day.
How much time is wasted in most large corporations trying to figure out and deal with the difficulty of using complicated software such as Oracle or SAP? How much time could be saved if through A.I., we could run reports and make requests in everyday language through a smart interface? And what if A.I. could take over or streamline certain business enterprises such as IT help desks and HR? Imagine the increased productivity and decreased employee frustration. With Aigo, it seems there may be multiple answers to these questions.
#4 – A.I. Together With Blockchain Will Protect Your Data
As technology advanced over the years, enterprises have used their bright, shiny new inventions to market to customers without the customers ever being aware. They have been collecting our data and using it to push products and send advertisements. Everything we do online (surf, share, search, buy, chat etc) is used to gather data which is then sold to advertisers. Not only does this clutter up our online experience, it also comprises our privacy.
“We lose our privacy by becoming their product with the data they collect about us,” says Voss. “Soon, all of this will change.” What if blockchain technology coupled with the power of A.I. could protect your privacy? These are the questions to start pondering. The information that Alexa, Google, or HomePod could store on the blockchain would make the average consumer a little more accepting of the technology and less worried about where their information is being sent to everytime they wake it up with a request.
For example, Aigo is Ethereum-based and smart contract compliant. The blockchain secures ownership of your personal Aigo, as well as your data. Which means you aren’t being sold. “We believe that your data is your property, and it will neither be shared nor sold to anyone,” Voss promises his customers. This is what these smart devices are failing at right now.
So, What Are We Telling You?
Technology has evolved tremendously over the years, and it will continue to revolutionize the world we live in making convenience the name of the game. From freeing up valuable time to increasing happiness and satisfaction, A.I. has the potential to do it all. While its use has been limited so far, this will soon change. A.I. is a game changer, and the potential is far reaching. As demonstrated by Voss’s vision behind Aigo, A.I. can provide a personal, private experience just for you while also transforming our relationship with enterprise platforms and other complicated software platforms.
If you want a device that can handle your accounting, tutor your kids, message you reminders and keep your elderly parents company, you are in luck. If you are ready for increased productivity, convenience and security, AI and the blockchain can make that a reality. | <urn:uuid:256968a6-ed52-452f-ae5f-8ba73ecdadcc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aiuniverse.xyz/artificial-intelligence-and-smart-technology-is-bringing-convenience-to-a-whole-new-level/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963361 | 1,625 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Hi! I’m Loz
Naturalist and Teacher
I am a passionate teacher and geoscientist, interested in all-things nature, science education, community and Geotourism.
I have worked as a Geologist in VIC and NSW in Gold and Copper exploration and I take delight in regional mapping and creating geological models formed from drill hole data and potential fields. I have also volunteered with museums (Central Deborah Gold Mine and Melbourne Museum), organic farms and a nature retreat in the Strzelecki Ranges.
I am currently studying a Master of Teaching (Primary and Secondary Science) with subject methods General Science and Earth and Environmental Science. I am curious about how people think and learn and where ideas come from, as well as how power dynamics in a team or classroom can impact the functioning of a team and the motivation of the diverse humans in the team. Questions are important, empowerment is important and everyone deserves ‘aha’ moments.
I am the creator and director of ‘Weekend Geology‘, the home of Geotourism in Victoria. I am also on the board of the ‘Australian Geoparks Network‘. Geotourism is a vehicle through which people can reclaim a connection with nature, a curiosity about rocks and landscapes and an appreciation for the super important role that Earth Science has in our sustainable future.
Connection, accountability, curiosity and learning. | <urn:uuid:ed96e9c6-6dcd-4a1e-a19e-d85ba91bc3b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://earthedspire.com/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949746 | 291 | 1.648438 | 2 |
I wrote recently about how Republicans Are Dogs, and by implication, Democrats Are Cats. In a general way, I do think the analogy holds up, but where I see a significant divergence is with Progressives.
I know, Progressive is the New Ultra Liberal. The term Progressive sounds more modern more educated and by inference, more socially advanced. The term Liberal became too pejorative, too passive, too attached to less activist leaders like Martin Luther King, JFK and Jimmy Carter.
There are still some more moderate and less obsessive mainstream Democrats, who view the world as bigger than themselves, with room for disagreement, discussion, and possibly compromise. Progressives marginalize them as relics of the past.
I believe most ‘Democrats’ still view themselves as open minded, inclusive, peace-loving and engaged. They embrace marriage, in its broadest sense. Most Democrats have Republican friends. You have seen cats and dogs that are affectionate with each other? Well, there are many Republican/Democrat couples, Mary Matalin and James Carville for example. Their life/political strategies are diametrically opposed, but they respect each others intellect, and give space to their differences with humility.
Where Progressives differ from mainstream Democrats is that they aren’t interested in being inclusive, tolerant or engaged. They are singular, insulated and elite.
Progressives reject marriage, period. The institution of marriage, for example, to a Progressive is a prison sentence, and the job of raising children is demeaning.
Progressive writer Amy Glass thinks women are fooling themselves to think raising children is an important job or that managing a ‘family household’ is anywhere as difficult as building a professional career.
“Men don’t care to “manage a household.” They aren’t conditioned to think stupid things like that are important…Women will be equal with men when we stop demanding that it be considered equally important to do housework and real work. They are not equal. Doing laundry will never be as important as being a doctor or an engineer or building a business.”
It makes me wonder, where was Amy’s mom during her formative years? Her anger and resentment and dismissive attitude toward any woman who isn’t ‘career’ oriented gives the impression she suffers from a sense of abandonment.
Nope, as carefree and independent as they profess to be, Progressives aren’t Cats.
Progressives are more like Black Widow Spiders. They live in, and are perfectly happy to stay in, their home spun world. Their web of insulation allows them to ignore accountability, judgment, and standards. In fact, they associate ‘standards’ with a bourgeois straight jacket, especially for women.
They may hook up with a partner for purely selfish reasons, but the relationship is doomed right from the start. At some point, the Spider becomes a Black Widow.
It is hard to name a strongly Progressive couple who have maintained a life-long relationship.
In her piece called ‘Successful Women Don’t Fall In Love,’ Amy ‘The Black Widow’ Glass gleefully states "I am in love with myself, in love with building my work, which will outlive me, and in love with proving people wrong, the ones who told me what I couldn't do– be happy and secure and the center of my own world."
A few days ago a woman in North San Diego County awoke to find a stranger standing at the foot of her bed. She screamed and the man bolted. He was subsequently arrested and the officer found a half-eaten quart of ice cream, taken from the woman’s freezer, in his car.
Now imagine if this situation had gone like this…
“What are doing in my house?”
“I like your house.”
“I don’t know you! Get out of my house!”
“I deserve to be here. I am not leaving. In fact, I have already put my clothes in the bedroom closet.”
“I am calling the Police!”
“Oh, by the way, when you go to the grocery store, buy some ice cream. I ate what was in the freezer. We’re out.”
Jeh Johnson, the Obama appointed Secretary of the Homeland Security Administration thinks all 11 million illegal immigrants deserve a chance to stay in the country and become full-fledged citizens, despite having clearly demonstrated contempt for our laws.
“It is also, frankly, in my judgment, a matter of who we are as Americans,” said Johnson, speaking to the U.S. Conference of Mayors held in Washington DC. “To offer the opportunity to those who want to be citizens, who’ve earned the right to be citizens, who are present in this country…”
In his mind, successfully evading ICE and acting like you belong here ‘earns’ you the right to stay.
So if we follow the reasoning of the Secretary of HSA, the guy who fled the bedroom, jumped in his car and was unfortunate enough to get got caught with a half empty ice cream container would have been much better off to pull up a chair in front of the TV and make himself at home.
He earned his way into the family, didn’t he?
By now you have all heard about Meryl Streep’s crazy attack on Walt Disney while honoring her good friend Emma Thompson at the January National Board of Review awards ceremony.
Her words have now completely eclipsed what for Emma was an enchanting night. Worse yet, her condescending and slanderous comments were, predictably, wrong.
(If you want first hand evidence of just how wrong Ms. Streep was, follow the link below where a longtime former employee, sets the record straight.*)
As for me, I am not surprised by Ms. Streep. She has a reputation for knee-jerk activism. Remember the Alar apple scare of 1989? Her claims that a chemical used to sanitize apples called Alar could cause cancer and birth defects caused millions of dollars of damage to the apple industry. Later, Science Magazine studies showed her claims were massive over reaction, not supported by any direct, collaborated scientific evidence, and were based on rumor.
Attacking Walt Disney as a bigot is over-the-top disgusting! Meryl Streep, as good an actor as she is, can't carry Walt Disney's jock strap!
Walt Disney has had more positive influence in my life than any other worldly man. And I would be willing to bet, I am not alone.
As a 5 year old, I spent the greatest day of my life at the Grand Opening of Disneyland in July of 1955.
At Frontierland, I rode the Mark Twain Riverboat. At Adventureland, we took a Jungle River Cruise that scared the heck out of me. In Tomorrowland, I was an astronaut on The Rocket To The Moon, and drove a car at Autopia! And the most incredible of all, the Submarine ride at Twenty-Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
I went home and made a deal with my Dad to buy a piece of real estate in the corner of our yard to build my own version of Disneyland in the dirt. He wrote up a deed and I gave him some money from my piggybank. My first real estate deal at 5 years old!
Our family watched every single episode of Disneyland on Sunday nights. We looked forward to sharing Walt’s visionary ideas and great storytelling. I was inspired to draw cartoons by Goofy; seriously!
The weekly show went on to be the longest running primetime TV series in television history. It’s main sponsor, Coca Cola went on to be the most widely distributed and consumed beverage in the history of mankind. Walt Disney Studios is the largest media conglomerate, in terms of revenue, in the world. I have often wondered, is that a coincidence?
I put Walt Disney in a class by himself. The depth and width of his imagination and influence, in art, music, film and TV entertainment, protecting and appreciating the environment, understanding foreign cultures and practices, far exceeds Steve Jobs, Oprah, Ghandi, Mandela, Gates, Carnegie, Henry Ford, or even The Beatles!
The Disney Brand encircles the World, and continues to stimulate the minds of children and adults with futuristic ideas and exciting amusements, not to mention its worldwide dominance in animation technology and film making. Disney inspired products are serving third and fourth generation families, enjoyed equally by men, women, children and adults in hundreds of languages.
The Walt Disney Legacy of Inspiration…creative thinking!
Disney opened the doors of imagination in many kids. Kids who grew up to become rocket scientists, submarine captains, racecar drivers, cartoon animators, special effects engineers, and ecological conservationists who were inspired by a trip down the Jungle Boat river ride.
The man and his team of writers, artists, musicians and choreographers reached into the inner chambers of children’s minds and gave them permission to dream, and even more importantly, to pursue and build what you dream!
Walt Disney made the intangible tangible. Think about that…
I feel sorry for Ms. Streep. I can only hope she might get an attitude adjustment by spending a day or two at the Happiest Place on Earth.
*To hear the point of view of one of Walt’s oldest artist employees, read ‘Sophie’s Poor Choice’ at Floyd Norman’s blog…..
The Wolf of Wall Street elicits a lot of laughs. Most come at the expense of the victims of the immense fraud depicted in the movie. Like so many Hollywierd movies, the crooks are made to be the sympathetic characters, and the victims are shown as dimwitted, disengaged fools.
Unless, of course the crooks are Big Tobacco or Big Oil.
Martin Scorsese knows how to sell tickets. But to me, movies like The Wolf have a lot in common with Rap music; gratuitous, violent, over-the-top and vulgar, on purpose. Audiences feast on it like wolves.
But beyond that, some of Hollywierd's most popular and influential stars, Leonardo DiCaprio, for example, then go out and reinforce the same wrong headed Glorification of Creepdom thinking it makes them 'cool' I guess.
I really miss stars I could look up to.
I am definitely a dog person. So I can see how someone might come to that conclusion.
I like dogs because we have a win/win relationship. When I call my dog, she comes to me because she wants to. She needs me and I need her. We’re family. Dogs want to be loved. I know a few Republican Senators who want to be loved, but they seem a little too needy. They tend to be RINOs (Republican In Name Only).
Dogs tend to run in packs. They instinctively accept the need for order. Dogs are loyal, in the same way Republicans are loyal to the Constitution. Like me, they are creatures of habit; when they find something works, they do it over and over, like bringing you the Frisbee. They just know you are going to throw it again!
Dogs prefer the outdoors where there is space to run, play, bark and dig. Republicans populate the wide open states like Wyoming, Utah, Arizona and Montana. Their trusty dogs help them round up cattle, ducks and geese. Republicans like to shoot guns, hunt and fish, ride horses and dig for oil.
Democrats are like Cats. They are wild, independent and selfish. They talk about love a lot, but are weary of it, because it means giving up some of their independence. It is the Democrats who push for gender blurring, freedom from responsibility legislation. Legalizing marijuana, government paid abortions, and all sorts of nanny-state rules about smoking on the beach, protecting darter snails in mud puddles, are all trademarks of Liberal legislatures.
Cats don’t work much. Ever heard of a ‘seeing eye’ cat? However, cats will give up freedom for security. That’s why they make great indoor pets. Give them food and comfort, a nice soft sofa to sleep on, and leave them alone, and they are purr-fectly content.
Democrats need many group constituencies to form a coalition to win elections. Like cats, these groups have very selfish agendas, so they wouldn’t get very far if they had to win elections alone. But, like cats, Democratic constituencies are very clever; they strategically form alliances to serve their greater need, and use their group power to buy favors. Unions have learned how to herd cats; they wave dollar bills in front of them.
There are some rather telling statistics that go along with my line of thinking. A survey found that 9 of 10 states with the highest ownership of dogs went for Romney in the 2012 election. But 4 of 5 states with the highest cat ownership went for Obama. Of course, the high density states like New York are cat states because of their urbanization.
I live in California, the state that elected Ronald Reagan as Governor. But that was many dog years ago….now we have the Ultimate Poll Cat for Governor, Jerry ‘Moonbeam’ Brown. | <urn:uuid:52c50c30-4d78-4c50-b815-7ee12fb868cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://turnrightatlost.weebly.com/blog/archives/01-2014 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962953 | 2,989 | 1.75 | 2 |
An imaginary composer.]
Hist, but a word, fair and soft!
Forth and be judged, Master Hugues!
Answer the question I’ve put you so oft:
What do you mean by your mountainous fugues?
See, we’re alone in the loft,—
I, the poor organist here,
Hugues, the composer of note,
Dead though, and done with, this many a year:
Let’s have a colloquy, something to quote,
Make the world prick up its ear!
See, the church empties apace:
Fast they extinguish the lights.
Hallo there, sacristan! Five minutes’ grace!
Here’s a crank pedal wants setting to rights,
Baulks one of holding the base.
See, our huge house of the sounds,
Hushing its hundreds at once,
Bids the last loiterer back to his bounds!
O you may challenge them, not a response
Get the church-saints on their rounds!
(Saints go their rounds, who shall doubt?
—March, with the moon to admire,
Up nave, down chancel, turn transept about,
Supervise all betwixt pavement and spire,
Put rats and mice to the rout—
Aloys and Jurien and Just—
Order things back to their place,
Have a sharp eye lest the candlesticks rust,
Rub the church-plate, darn the sacrament-lace,
Clear the desk-velvet of dust.)
Here’s your book, younger folks shelve!
Played I not off-hand and runningly,
Just now, your masterpiece, hard number twelve?
Here’s what should strike, could one handle it cunningly:
HeIp the axe, give it a helve!
Page after page as I played,
Every bar’s rest, where one wipes
Sweat from one’s brow, I looked up and surveyed,
O’er my three claviers yon forest of pipes
Whence you still peeped in the shade.
Sure you were wishful to speak?
You, with brow ruled like a score,
Yes, and eyes buried in pits on each cheek,
Like two great breves, as they wrote them of yore,
Each side that bar, your straight beak!
Sure you said—“Good, the mere notes!
“Still, couldst thou take my intent,
“Know what procured me our Company’s votes—
“A master were lauded and sciolists shent,
“Parted the sheep from the goats!”
Well then, speak up, never flinch!
Quick, ere my candle’s a snuff
—Burnt, do you see? to its uttermost inch—
_I_ believe in you, but that’s not enough:
Give my conviction a clinch!
First you deliver your phrase
—Nothing propound, that I see,
Fit in itself for much blame or much praise—
Answered no less, where no answer needs be:
Off start the Two on their ways.
Straight must a Third interpose,
Volunteer needlessly help;
In strikes a Fourth, a Fifth thrusts in his nose,
So the cry’s open, the kennel’s a-yelp,
Argument’s hot to the close.
One dissertates, he is candid;
Two must discept,–has distinguished;
Three helps the couple, if ever yet man did;
Four protests; Five makes a dart at the thing wished:
Back to One, goes the case bandied.
One says his say with a difference
More of expounding, explaining!
All now is wrangle, abuse, and vociferance;
Now there’s a truce, all’s subdued, self-restraining:
Five, though, stands out all the stiffer hence.
One is incisive, corrosive:
Two retorts, nettled, curt, crepitant;
Three makes rejoinder, expansive, explosive;
Four overbears them all, strident and strepitant,
Five … O Danaides, O Sieve!
Now, they ply axes and crowbars;
Now, they prick pins at a tissue
Fine as a skein of the casuist Escobar’s
Worked on the bone of a lie. To what issue?
Where is our gain at the Two-bars?
_Est fuga, volvitur rota._
On we drift: where looms the dim port?
One, Two, Three, Four, Five, contribute their quota;
Something is gained, if one caught but the import—
Show it us, Hugues of Saxe-Gotha!
What with affirming, denying,
Holding, risposting, subjoining,
All’s like … it’s like … for an instance I’m trying …
There! See our roof, its gilt moulding and groining
Under those spider-webs lying!
So your fugue broadens and thickens,
Greatens and deepens and lengthens,
Till we exclaim—“But where’s music, the dickens?
“Blot ye the gold, while your spider-web strengthens
“—Blacked to the stoutest of tickens?”
I for man’s effort am zealous:
Prove me such censure unfounded!
Seems it surprising a lover grows jealous—
Hopes ’twas for something, his organ-pipes sounded,
Tiring three boys at the bellows?
Is it your moral of Life?
Such a web, simple and subtle,
Weave we on earth here in impotent strife,
Backward and forward each throwing his shuttle,
Death ending all with a knife?
Over our heads truth and nature—
Still our life’s zigzags and dodges,
Ins and outs, weaving a new legislature—
God’s gold just shining its last where that lodges,
Palled beneath man’s usurpature.
So we o’ershroud stars and roses,
Cherub and trophy and garland;
Nothings grow something which quietly closes
Heaven’s earnest eye: not a glimpse of the far land
Gets through our comments and glozes.
Ah but traditions, inventions,
(Say we and make up a visage)
So many men with such various intentions,
Down the past ages, must know more than this age!
Leave we the web its dimensions!
Who thinks Hugues wrote for the deaf,
Proved a mere mountain in labour?
Better submit; try again; what’s the clef?
‘Faith, ’tis no trifle for pipe and for tabor—
Four flats, the minor in F.
Friend, your fugue taxes the finger
Learning it once, who would lose it?
Yet all the while a misgiving will linger,
Truth’s golden o’er us although we refuse it—
Nature, thro’ cobwebs we string her.
Hugues! I advise _Me Pn_
(Counterpoint glares like a Gorgon)
Bid One, Two, Three, Four, Five, clear the arena!
Say the word, straight I unstop the full-organ,
Blare out the _mode Palestrina._
While in the roof, if I’m right there,
… Lo you, the wick in the socket!
Hallo, you sacristan, show us a light there!
Down it dips, gone like a rocket.
What, you want, do you, to come unawares,
Sweeping the church up for first morning-prayers,
And find a poor devil has ended his cares
At the foot of your rotten-runged rat-riddled stairs?
Do I carry the moon in my pocket?
* 1 A fugue is a short melody.
* 2 Keyboard of organ.
* 3 A note in music.
* 4 The daughters of Danaus, condemned to pour water
* into a sieve.
* 5 The Spanish casuist, so severely mauled by Pascal.
* 6 A quick return in fencing.
* 7 A closely woven fabric.
* 8 _Giovanni P. da Palestrina_, celebrated musician (1524-1594). | <urn:uuid:507c93f9-a891-4694-837f-6c3c09950e2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ozofe.com/robert-browning/master-hugues-of-saxe-gotha/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.868041 | 1,986 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Chapter 2. Introduction to Major Perspectives
- Understand the principles of behaviourist psychology and how these differ from psychodynamic principles in terms of theory and application.
- Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning.
- Become familiar with key behaviourist theorists and approaches.
- Identify applications of the behaviourist models in modern life.
Emerging in contrast to psychodynamic psychology, behaviourism focuses on observable behaviour as a means to studying the human psyche. The primary tenet of behaviourism is that psychology should concern itself with the observable behaviour of people and animals, not with unobservable events that take place in their minds. The behaviourists criticized the mentalists for their inability to demonstrate empirical evidence to support their claims. The behaviourist school of thought maintains that behaviours can be described scientifically without recourse either to internal physiological events or to hypothetical constructs such as thoughts and beliefs, making behaviour a more productive area of focus for understanding human or animal psychology.
The main influences of behaviourist psychology were Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), who investigated classical conditioning though often disagreeing with behaviourism or behaviourists; Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949), who introduced the concept of reinforcement and was the first to apply psychological principles to learning; John B. Watson (1878-1958), who rejected introspective methods and sought to restrict psychology to experimental methods; and B.F. Skinner (1904-1990), who conducted research on operant conditioning.
The first of these, Ivan Pavlov, is known for his work on one important type of learning, classical conditioning. As we learn, we alter the way we perceive our environment, the way we interpret the incoming stimuli, and therefore the way we interact, or behave. Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, actually discovered classical conditioning accidentally while doing research on the digestive patterns in dogs. During his experiments, he would put meat powder in the mouth of a dog who had tubes inserted into various organs to measure bodily responses. Pavlov discovered that the dog began to salivate before the meat powder was presented to it. Soon the dog began to salivate as soon as the person feeding it entered the room. Pavlov quickly began to gain interest in this phenomenon and abandoned his digestion research in favour of his now famous classical conditioning study.
Basically, Pavlov’s findings support the idea that we develop responses to certain stimuli that are not naturally occurring. When we touch a hot stove, our reflex pulls our hand back. We do this instinctively with no learning involved. The reflex is merely a survival instinct. Pavlov discovered that we make associations that cause us to generalize our response to one stimuli onto a neutral stimuli it is paired with. In other words, hot burner = ouch; stove = burner; therefore, stove = ouch.
In his research with the dogs, Pavlov began pairing a bell sound with the meat powder and found that even when the meat powder was not presented, a dog would eventually begin to salivate after hearing the bell. In this case, since the meat powder naturally results in salivation, these two variables are called the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and the unconditioned response (UCR), respectively. In the experiment, the bell and salivation are not naturally occurring; the dog is conditioned to respond to the bell. Therefore, the bell is considered the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the salivation to the bell, the conditioned response (CR).
Many of our behaviours today are shaped by the pairing of stimuli. The smell of a cologne, the sound of a certain song, or the occurrence of a specific day of the year can trigger distinct memories, emotions, and associations. When we make these types of associations, we are experiencing classical conditioning.
Operant conditioning is another type of learning that refers to how an organism operates on the environment or how it responds to what is presented to it in the environment (Figure 2.12).
Examples of operant conditioning include the following:
Reinforcement means to strengthen, and is used in psychology to refer to any stimulus which strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response. For example, if you want your dog to sit on command, you may give him a treat every time he sits for you. The dog will eventually come to understand that sitting when told to will result in a treat. This treat is reinforcing the behaviour because the dog likes it and will result in him sitting when instructed to do so. There are four types of reinforcement: positive, negative, punishment, and extinction.
- Positive reinforcement involves adding something in order to increase a response. For example, adding a treat will increase the response of sitting; adding praise will increase the chances of your child cleaning his or her room. The most common types of positive reinforcement are praise and reward, and most of us have experienced this as both the giver and receiver.
- Negative reinforcement involves taking something negative away in order to increase a response. Imagine a teenager who is nagged by his parents to take out the garbage week after week. After complaining to his friends about the nagging, he finally one day performs the task and, to his amazement, the nagging stops. The elimination of this negative stimulus is reinforcing and will likely increase the chances that he will take out the garbage next week.
- Punishment refers to adding something aversive in order to decrease a behaviour. The most common example of this is disciplining (e.g., spanking) a child for misbehaving. The child begins to associate being punished with the negative behaviour. The child does not like the punishment and, therefore, to avoid it, he or she will stop behaving in that manner.
- Extinction involves removing something in order to decrease a behaviour. By having something taken away, a response is decreased.
Research has found positive reinforcement is the most powerful of any of these types of operant conditioning responses. Adding a positive to increase a response not only works better, but allows both parties to focus on the positive aspects of the situation. Punishment, when applied immediately following the negative behaviour, can be effective, but results in extinction when it is not applied consistently. Punishment can also invoke other negative responses such as anger and resentment.
Thorndike’s (1898) work with cats and puzzle boxes illustrates the concept of conditioning. The puzzle boxes were approximately 50 cm long, 38 cm wide, and 30 cm tall (Figure 2.13). Thorndike’s puzzle boxes were built so that the cat, placed inside the box, could escape only if it pressed a bar or pulled a lever, which caused the string attached to the door to lift the weight and open the door. Thorndike measured the time it took the cat to perform the required response (e.g., pulling the lever). Once it had learned the response he gave the cat a reward, usually food.
Thorndike found that once a cat accidentally stepped on the switch, it would then press the switch faster in each succeeding trial inside the puzzle box. By observing and recording how long it took a variety of animals to escape through several trials, Thorndike was able to graph the learning curve (graphed as an S-shape). He observed that most animals had difficulty escaping at first, then began to escape faster and faster with each successive puzzle box trial, and eventually levelled off in their escape times. The learning curve also suggested that different species learned in the same way but at different speeds. His finding was that cats, for instance, consistently showed gradual learning.
From his research with puzzle boxes, Thorndike was able to create his own theory of learning (1932):
- Learning is incremental.
- Learning occurs automatically.
- All animals learn the same way.
- Law of effect. If an association is followed by satisfaction, it will be strengthened, and if it is followed by annoyance, it will be weakened.
- Law of use. The more often an association is used, the stronger it becomes.
- Law of disuse. The longer an association is unused, the weaker it becomes.
- Law of recency. The most recent response is most likely to reoccur.
- Multiple response. An animal will try multiple responses (trial and error) if the first response does not lead to a specific state of affairs.
- Set or attitude. Animals are predisposed to act in a specific way.
- Prepotency of elements. A subject can filter out irrelevant aspects of a problem and focus on and respond to significant elements of a problem.
- Response by analogy. Responses from a related or similar context may be used in a new context.
- Identical elements theory of transfer. The more similar the situations are, the greater the amount of information that will transfer. Similarly, if the situations have nothing in common, information learned in one situation will not be of any value in the other situation.
- Associative shifting. It is possible to shift any response from occurring with one stimulus to occurring with another stimulus. Associative shift maintains that a response is first made to situation A, then to AB, and then finally to B, thus shifting a response from one condition to another by associating it with that condition.
- Law of readiness. A quality in responses and connections that results in readiness to act. Behaviour and learning are influenced by the readiness or unreadiness of responses, as well as by their strength.
- Identifiability. Identification or placement of a situation is a first response of the nervous system, which can recognize it. Then connections may be made to one another or to another response, and these connections depend on the original identification. Therefore, a large amount of learning is made up of changes in the identifiability of situations.
- Availability. The ease of getting a specific response. For example, it would be easier for a person to learn to touch his or her nose or mouth with closed eyes than it would be to draw a line five inches long with closed eyes.
John B. Watson promoted a change in psychology through his address, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It (1913), delivered at Columbia University. Through his behaviourist approach, Watson conducted research on animal behaviour, child rearing, and advertising while gaining notoriety for the controversial “Little Albert” experiment. Immortalized in introductory psychology textbooks, this experiment set out to show how the recently discovered principles of classical conditioning could be applied to condition fear of a white rat into Little Albert, an 11-month-old boy. Watson and Rayner (1920) first presented to the boy a white rat and observed that the boy was not afraid. Next they presented him with a white rat and then clanged an iron rod. Little Albert responded by crying. This second presentation was repeated several times. Finally, Watson and Rayner presented the white rat by itself and the boy showed fear. Later, in an attempt to see if the fear transferred to other objects, Watson presented Little Albert with a rabbit, a dog, and a fur coat. He cried at the sight of all of them. This study demonstrated how emotions could become conditioned responses.
Burrhus Frederic Skinner called his particular brand of behaviourism radical behaviourism (1974). Radical behaviourism is the philosophy of the science of behaviour. It seeks to understand behaviour as a function of environmental histories of reinforcing consequences. This applied behaviourism does not accept private events such as thinking, perceptions, and unobservable emotions in a causal account of an organism’s behaviour.
While a researcher at Harvard, Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber, popularly referred to as the Skinner box (Figure 2.14), used to measure responses of organisms (most often rats and pigeons) and their orderly interactions with the environment. The box had a lever and a food tray, and a hungry rat inside the box could get food delivered to the tray by pressing the lever. Skinner observed that when a rat was first put into the box, it would wander around, sniffing and exploring, and would usually press the bar by accident, at which point a food pellet would drop into the tray. After that happened, the rate of bar pressing would increase dramatically and remain high until the rat was no longer hungry.
Negative reinforcement was also exemplified by Skinner placing rats into an electrified chamber that delivered unpleasant shocks. Levers to cut the power were placed inside these boxes. By running a current through the box, Skinner noticed that the rats, after accidentally pressing the lever in a frantic bid to escape, quickly learned the effects of the lever and consequently used this knowledge to stop the currents both during and prior to electrical shock. These two learned responses are known as escape learning and avoidance learning (Skinner, 1938). The operant chamber for pigeons involved a plastic disk in which the pigeon pecked in order to open a drawer filled with grain. The Skinner box led to the principle of reinforcement, which is the probability of something occurring based on the consequences of a behaviour.
Applying game incentives such as prompts, competition, badges, and rewards to ordinary activities, or gamification, is a growing approach to behaviour modification today. Health care has also applied some early innovative uses of gamification — from a Sony PS3 Move motion controller used to help children diagnosed with cancer to the launch of Games for Health, the first peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the research and design of health games and behavioural health strategies. Gamification is the process of taking an ordinary activity (like jogging or car sharing) and adding game mechanisms to it, including prompts, rewards, leader-boards, and competition between different players.
When used in social marketing and online health-promotion campaigns, gamification can be used to encourage a new, healthy behaviour such as regular exercise, improved diet, or completing actions required for treatment. Typically, gamification is web-based, usually with a mobile app or as a micro-site. Behavioural change campaigns require an understanding of human psychology, specifically the benefits and barriers associated with a behaviour. There have been several campaigns using gamification techniques that have had remarkable results. For example, organizations that wanted employees to exercise regularly have installed gyms in their offices and created a custom application that rewards employees for “checking in” to the gyms. Employees can form regionally based teams, check in to workouts, and chart their team’s progress on a leader-board. This has a powerful effect on creating and sustaining a positive behavioural change.
Similar game mechanics have been used in sustainability campaigns aimed at increasing household environmental compliance. Such sites use game mechanics such as points, challenges, and rewards to increase daily “green” habits like recycling and conserving water. Other behavioural change campaigns that have applied social gaming include using cameras to record speeding cars, which reduce the incidence of speeding, and offering products that allow users to track their healthy behaviours through the day, including miles travelled, calories burned, and stairs climbed.
- Behaviourist psychology should concern itself with the observable behaviour of people and animals, not with unobservable events that take place in their minds.
- The main influences of behaviourist psychology were Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949), John B. Watson (1878-1958), and B.F. Skinner (1904-1990).
- The idea that we develop responses to certain stimuli that are not naturally occurring is called “classical conditioning.”
- Operant conditioning refers to how an organism operates on the environment or how it responds to what is presented to it in the environment.
- Reinforcement means to strengthen, and is used in psychology to refer to any stimulus that strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response.
- There are four types of reinforcement: positive, negative, punishment, and extinction.
- Behaviourist researchers used experimental methods (puzzle box, operant conditioning or Skinner box, Little Albert experiment) to investigate learning processes.
- Today, behaviourism is still prominent in applications such as gamification.
Exercises and Critical Thinking
- Reflect on your educational experience and try to determine what aspects of behaviourism were employed.
- Research Skinner’s other inventions, such as the “teaching machine” or the “air crib,” and discuss with a group the underlying principles, beliefs, and values governing such “machines.” Do you disagree or agree with their use?
- What might be some other applications for gamification behavioural change strategies? Design a campaign or strategy for changing a behaviour of your choice (e.g., health, work, addiction, or sustainable practice).
Figure 2.12: Operant conditioning diagram by studentne (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Operant_conditioning_diagram.png) used under CC BY SA 3.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en).
Figure 2.13: Thorndike’s Puzzle Box. by Jacob Sussman (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puzzle_box.jpg) is in the public domain.
Figure 2.14: Skinner box scheme 01 by Andreas1 (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skinner_box_scheme_01.png) used under CC BY SA 3.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en).
Skinner, B.F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: an experimental analysis. Oxford, England: Appleton-Century.
Skinner, B.F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, NY: Random House.
Thorndike, Edward Lee. (1898). Animal intelligence. Princeton, NJ: MacMillan.
Thorndike, Edward (1932). The fundamentals of learning. New York, NY: AMS Press Inc.
Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177.
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14. | <urn:uuid:fd9dbbf4-5f61-4b86-a4d4-c1f257650507> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://openpress.usask.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/behaviourist-psychology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946293 | 3,816 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Last Updated: 2010-07-18 23:03:04 UTC
by Manuel Humberto Santander Pelaez (Version: 1)
One of the biggest threats to effective incident response is correlating events and being aware of real incidents happening inside your network. There are some commercial alternatives like Cisco MARS and RSA Envision, but many companies can't afford those alternatives and in many situations the size of the network is not big enough to make worth the acquisition of any commercial product.
I have lived the last case and in my search I found very useful SAGAN (http://sagan.softwink.com/). It is a real time event log monitoring system that is able to detect incidents on hosts or network and can correlate information with the snort sensor present on your network. It gathers syslog events and then correlates them with other alerts such as snort logs.
What are the installation requisites? A database to save logs(I use mysql but there is also support for postgresql for those who like it), libpcre, libesmtp (http://www.stafford.uklinux.net/libesmtp/libesmtp-1.0.4.tar.gz). My setup was done on Ubuntu 10.04. The configure command used before compiling is ./configure --disable-postgresql. If everything goes well you should see the following:
Following step is to install the rules. By default, they are located at /usr/local/etc. Find the latest ruleset at http://sagan.softwink.com/rules. Uncompress it at /usr/local/etc. Create sagan unprivileged user and chown /var/log/sagan and /var/run/sagan to sagan user.
Want to get windows events to correlate too? Use http://code.google.com/p/eventlog-to-syslog/
I will show you a practical example next tuesday on part 2 :) More information about installation at https://wiki.softwink.com/bin/view/Main/SaganHOWTO | <urn:uuid:d82fa585-4400-4029-aee6-020b16ba1133> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://isc.sans.edu/diary/SAGAN%3A+An+open-source+event+correlation+system+-+Part+1%3A+Installation/9184 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.908859 | 444 | 1.867188 | 2 |
This table provides metadata for the actual indicator available from UK statistics closest to the corresponding global SDG indicator. Please note that even when the global SDG indicator is fully available from UK statistics, this table should be consulted for information on national methodology and other UK-specific metadata information.
The agriculture orientation index for UK general government expenditure
|Unit of measurement||
Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI)
The Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government Expenditures is defined as the Agriculture Share of Government Expenditures, divided by the Agriculture Share of GDP, where Agriculture refers to the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting sector. The measure is a currency- free index, calculated as the ratio of these two shares. National governments are requested to compile Government Expenditures according to the international Classification of Functions of Government (COFOG) codes, and Agriculture Share of GDP according to the System of National Accounts (SNA).
GVA refers to Gross Value Added, which is an output measure of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For more information refer to A guide to interpreting monthly gross domestic product.
AOI = (Agriculture Share of Government Expenditure / Agriculture Share of GDP), where -
Agriculture Share of Government Expenditures = (General government expenditure on agriculture / Total general government expenditure). This information can be found in Source 1.
Agriculture Share of GDP = (Agriculture GVA / Total GVA). Agriculture refers to the Division A of ISIC Rev 4 (Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting). This information can be found in Source 2.
Data follows the UN specification for this indicator. This indicator has not been identified in collaboration with topic experts.
|Data last updated||05 May 2022|
|Metadata last updated||05 May 2022| | <urn:uuid:29f2ae8d-4ac7-4d75-a059-4e26e03a5082> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sdgdata.gov.uk/2-a-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.830351 | 429 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Updated: July 21, 2022 11:06:09 am
THE BRIHANMUMBAI Municipal Corporation (BMC) has tied up with Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-B) for in-situ treatment of sewage in nullahs in the city. This pilot project will prevent coastal pollution due to sewage from 25 nullahs in Bandra, Andheri, Goregaon, Kandivali, Borivali, and Dahisar from flowing untreated into the sea or creeks.
IIT-B’s N-Treat technology uses a seven-stage process to treat sewage in nullahs with the help of screens, gates, silt traps, curtains of coconut fibres for filtration, and disinfection using sodium hypochlorite, without the requirement of additional space.
The project is a temporary and short-term measure to comply with the National Green Tribunal (NGT) that directed the civic body in 2019 to permanently check the flow of sewage from nullahs and their tributaries into the sea and creeks in Mumbai. In March this year, BMC sought a consultant to prepare a detailed project report (DPR) to check the discharge of sewage from major nullahs and their tributaries and find permanent solutions for preventing such pollution. A senior civic official said, “Multiple civic departments are working on the issue. While a permanent solution is being prepared to check sewage discharge into the nullahs and subsequently into the sea, we are working to handle the present pollution in the nullahs.”
The project is estimated to cost BMC Rs 82 crore, and will be taken up in stages over the next five years. The official quoted above said, “BMC approached IIT-B for a solution for the treatment of sewage in nullahs. IIT submitted a detailed proposal with the use of N-Treat technology. This is the first time it is being used by the civic body. Tenders have been floated to appoint a contractor for the project.”
Subscriber Only Stories
Storm water drains (SWDs), or popularly called nullahs, are meant to discharge rainwater into the sea. However, BMC conducted a survey four years ago that found that over 75,000 properties and shanties along the banks of these SWDs discharge untreated sewage into the canals.
Of the 25 nullahs selected for the project, five are in Bandra and Santacruz area – Rahul Nagar nullah, Boran nullah, Behrampada nullah, and P&T nullah in Santacruz and on Link Road; seven are in Andheri – Milan Subway nullah, Cargo Complex nullah 1 and 2, Koldongri nullah, Abhishek nullah, Malpadongri nullah, and Mogra nullah; six are around Malad and Goregaon – Dnyaneshwar Nagar nullah, Krishna Nagar nullah, Chincholi nullah, Piramal nullah, MHB Malad nullah, and Paptarshi nullah; and the remaining are north of Kandivali – Janupada, Pancholi, Kumbharkala, Kora Kendra, Tawdem Tare Compound, and Avdut nullahs.
Stalin Dayanand, from NGO Vanashakti which approached NGT in 2017 for coastal pollution due to discharge of untreated sewage into the sea, said, “What BMC is doing is the bare minimum. It is not enough but it is a start. The civic body is doing today what was told to it in 2018. Moreover, all its activities and projects are designed to look expensive, whereas simple measures are enough to achieve the same effect.”
Ashok Mengde, Chief Engineer of the Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project department which has undertaken this project, said, “The project has been undertaken and tenders have been floated… Overall, this matter is sub-judice.” [In 2020, NGT fined BMC Rs 34 crore for non-compliance. The civic body challenged the fine in the Supreme Court].
📣 Join our Telegram channel (The Indian Express) for the latest news and updates
- The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards. | <urn:uuid:eb175935-2f1b-4b23-abc9-eb6a86ad0c3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/iit-bs-n-treat-tech-to-help-bmc-treat-sewage-in-nullahs-on-spot-8042355/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.938233 | 913 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Throughout the news and media in the United States, it is blasted that we are enduring a “mental health crisis.”
Almost every time I tell someone I’m a mental health therapist, they bring up our mental health crisis.
But what do we actually mean when we say that?
I see the evidence that everyone points to: the rise in gun violence, suicide, depression and anxiety in youth, and more.
People talk about needing better mental health care and education. They mention needing more counselors and ways to identify problems early.
All of that is true.
AND, it does not address the root cause.
I think a “mental health crisis” is really a systemic crisis. Our mental health crisis is a direct result of our culture and systems failing the well-being of human beings.
Individuals need basic things to survive: shelter, food, water, and security.
When these things are threatened, people begin to experience anxiety. In our modern age, that can look like a person who:
Worries their illness might bankrupt them
Is concerned that with current inflation rates they won’t be able to buy the basic necessities for their family
Works a full-time job, but it still isn’t enough to cover their bills
Endures a slow flow of sexual harassment
Knows if they lose their job, they also lose health care for their family
Fears they cannot protect their child from a random act of violence
Worries that climate change will result in their current city being inhospitable (due to rising water, natural disaster, shrinking water supply, etc.)
Fears for their physical safety as they walk down the street due to their race
In our country, it is very easy to fall into fear about life essentials: health care, food/water, safety, etc. Our systemic injustices make life incredibly difficult. Daily experiences of poverty, racism, misogyny, patriarchy, white colonialism, and more are grating on the human soul.
While these are not new challenges to humans, what is new is the lack of support. In former times, we had a small community directly around us that we knew we could rely on. Even if a war was at hand or a famine was present, no one was alone. They were enduring with others and supporting each other through it.
In our culture today, most people feel very alone. Most people do not feel they have a community.
So when people begin to worry about the essentials of life and have no community to turn to, this naturally leads to feelings of anxiety, depression, and hopefulness. Read: A mental health crisis.
Yes, mental health care, education, and therapists can help.
But that’s not the ultimate solution.
We need to look at the causes. | <urn:uuid:cf9628fe-2e95-4069-b989-6f849b68d97d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jackieschuld.com/post/what-do-we-actually-mean-by-a-mental-health-crisis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968807 | 582 | 2.671875 | 3 |
In order to attack the USSR, i.e. to execute Operation Barbarossa, the Germans threw four armoured groups of about 3,000 tanks against the Red Army. Initially the forces of the Third Reich quickly partook eastwards; already in September 1941 the German troops were close to Leningrad, and in November, the 2nd Panzer Army of General Guderian stood near Moscow. The Wehrmacht used its armoured fists perfectly, which, according to Blitzkrieg tactics, were quickly breaking the front and surrounding Soviet forces.
The harsh winter and poor Russian roads stopped the Germans, through which the states of some Hitler’s armoured divisions were reduced by up to 50%. The Red Army managed to lead a victorious counter-attack near Moscow, thus saving its capital and opening a new chapter in the history of the Soviet armoured forces. Both sides of the conflict noticed then that even the best armed German tank of that period, i.e. PzKpfw IV had little chance against the new Soviet tanks T-34/76 and KV. In order to take advantage of this dominance, the Soviet high command (Stavka) started frantic rearmament of the remaining units with these tank models, and the Germans accelerated the development work of the new later dominators of battlefields, i.e. the heavy tank PzKpfw VI Tiger and the medium tank PzKpfw V Panther.
The first major operation, where the Soviet army took advantage of the mass impact of the armoured units, was the surrounding of the German forces during the counter-attack at Stalingrad in November 1942. The Wehrmacht was in reverse, but the brilliant maneuver of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein enabled the Germans to retake Kharkiv, inflict serious losses on the Red Army and set the front as in the summer of 1942. Adolf Hitler and his generals were preparing a major offensive to enable them to regain their strategic initiative at the Eastern Front, which the Wehrmacht lost at Stalingrad.
The preparation of a great plan of operation code-named “Zitadelle” (Citadel) began. This operation assumed the launch of an attack in the Kursk region, the destruction of the Red Army units deployed there and a subsequent attack towards Moscow. However, the weaknesses of the plan were discovered at the very beginning: General Walther Model alerted the command that the Russians had prepared a solid, well-organized defence on the area of the planned attack, thus suggesting a change of plans. General Guderian directly asked Hitler:
“Do you think that people know where the Kursk is at all? It is completely indifferent to the world whether we have Kursk or not!”
Despite these arguments, the Führer was stubborn. Knowing that German soldiers would enter the fortified and well defended terrain, Hitler saw his chances in new tanks, Panthers and Tigers, which were supposed to dominate over the Soviet T-34s and outweigh the scales of victory on the side of the Third Reich. He did not even worry about further warnings of Guderian, who knew that the Panthers were then undergoing the so-called “childhood diseases”, i.e. a big failure resulting from the fact that it was a new, untested machine at that time. While waiting for the delivery of new tanks, Hitler was willing to postpone the day of the beginning of the great offensive.
Eventually, the date of commencement of the operation “Zitadelle” was set for July 5, 1943. The Germans were to attack Soviet positions from both sides. The group leading the attack from the north had at its disposal 747 tanks (including 31 Tigers) and 134 self-propelled guns (including 89 Ferdinands). The southern group was supported by 1303 tanks and 253 self-propelled guns. The operations on land were to be supported by two air fleets of about 1900 aircraft. The task of the Luftwaffe was to eliminate the Soviet aviation from the fight, and then to fight the Red Army’s armoured units.
The German command did not know that the Russians knew the exact content of the order recommending an attack on Kursk. In the Kursk region, units of the Central Front of General Konstantin Rokossovsky and the Voronezh Front of General Nikolai Vatutin waited for the Germans. Behind them, there were armies of the Steppe Front of General Ivan Konev. These forces had 3306 tanks and self-propelled guns.
The Red Army was dug in and prepared to repel the Wehrmacht’s attack, and then carry out a quick counter-attack. In the Kursk region the defenders dug 5000 kilometers of trenches and crossings, laid 4000 mines and stretched incredible amounts of barbed wire. Soviet positions even bent from anti-tank weapons, and the area in front of them was full of anti-tank mines. Wehrmacht tanks were supposed to drive straight into this zealously prepared trap, the success of which was supposed to change the fate of the entire Second World War.
Beginning of the fight
The Russians even knew where and when exactly the enemy would strike. On 5 July, the day the battle began, they were the first to pick up planes and try to attack German airports, where the Luftwaffe machines were ready to take off. The German air force managed to counteract, so an air battle took place, during which the Russians lost more than 430 planes and the Third Reich only 26 that day.
In the morning the German offensive near Kursk began, preceded by an intensive fire from the Red Army. Despite the initial losses, entanglements, trenches, barbed wire, mines and the number advantage of the enemy, the Wehrmacht broke through the Soviet defense in several places. Their disadvantage was the terrain, because the tanks got stuck in the mud, and their pulling out could last even many hours. Additionally, General Guderian’s warning was fulfilled – new medium tanks, Panthers, turned out to be extremely unreliable. An example can be two battalions: the 51st and 52nd, which in the morning of July 5th were equipped with 200 Panthers. On the evening only 40 of them remained in service! Luckily for Hitler’s armoured troops, they managed to repair another 100 overnight.
Another of Hitler’s armoured colossuses, i.e. Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger, proved their worth in the fight. Tigers from a platoon led by the famous Lt. Michael Wittmann near Kursk, started their combat march by eliminating the Soviet anti-tank defense point and breaking the first line of defense. Then they fought a short skirmish with the T-34 platoon, which was forced by them to retreat. During the attack on the second line of Soviet defence, Wittmann was summoned to help another German tank platoon, which was surrounded by several T-34. The tank ace sent two Tigers to attack the Soviet fortifications, and he himself took the course on the trapped platoon. In a few minutes he destroyed three enemy T-34. On that day Wittmann himself destroyed eight T-34 and eight anti-tank guns.
On the second day of the attack the German armoured fist started to lose its impetus. There were sections where Wehrmacht tanks and infantry had minefields in front of them, dug T-34 and anti-tank positions that could not be overcome. Despite this, the attacks led by the Tigers still allowed the Germans to break through the Soviet defense in some places. The tactics of tank formation, which resembled the shape of a bell, turned out to be quite effective. Its core and front consisted of heavy Tigers, and the sides were covered with medium tanks. The superiority of the new German tanks over the Soviet units was sometimes crushing – Michael Wittmann himself, on July 7, again carried death to the Soviet armoured troops and independently destroyed seven T-34 and 19 anti-tank guns.
On July 7, the Germans used a new method of destroying Soviet tanks going to the front. A 57 mm cannon was attached to the Stuka (Junkers Ju 87) dive bomber, and with their help the Red Army’s armoured columns were attacked. The effect exceeded the expectations of the commanders – after many such actions on the battlefield there were a few dozen smoking Soviet vehicles left.
The slow attack of the Germans was slowly losing its strength and the resistance of the Red Army was consolidating. These few days of fighting cost them huge amounts of equipment and resources. The human losses were significant, but still smaller than the Russians. Field Marshal Erich von Manstein decided to bet everything on one card and hit the Red Army with II SS Panzer Corps on Prokhorovka in order to break through in the direction of Kursk. This operation coincided with the Soviet counter-attack – on the order of Stalin, General Vatutin commanded an attack on the German Army Group South.
Tank Battle of Prokhorovka
It was around Prokhorovka that the biggest armored battle of World War II took place. Over a distance of 5 km, over a thousand tanks stood in front of each other, and their clashes were incredibly fierce. German vehicles tried to take advantage of their sniper advantage and keep enemy machines at a distance, but the Soviets were lucky and their tanks pushed forward and drove close to the Germans thanks to the dust that was hovering over the battlefield. Despite this, on July 12th for one destroyed German tank or cannon there were 4-5 lost Soviet armoured vehicles, although the Red Army had twice as much equipment advantage (300 tanks and guns against 600 – 800. Here you can find various data).
The ruthless fighting under Prokhorovka may be evidenced by the fact that the tanks lacking ammunition were battering each other.
Fighting as close as possible, the heavy Tigers could not maneuver as smoothly as the more agile T-34. Their powerful front and side armour was difficult to penetrate, but the Soviets tried to overlap and destroy them, avoiding the fire of the dreadful German 88 mm cannons.
Despite the high failure rate, the efficient Panther units proved to dominate the battlefield. Their accurate and powerful 75 mm cannon was able to break through any enemy tank present on the Kursk battlefield, and not a single hit on the front armour of any of the Panther turned out to be dangerous. As mentioned above, most of them failed due to numerous technical problems. On the German side in the battle took part also medium tanks – Panzer IV and a small number of Panzer III. The Soviets used mainly T-34, still in a weaker version with a 76 mm cannon, which did not give them a big chance in a normal battle against the Tigers and Panthers, but it managed well against Panzers IV.
It should not be forgotten that other vehicles and even animals showed up in the battle. On long distances the only worthy opponent for German armoured colossuses turned out to be the SU-152 self-propelled gun. The missiles fired from the 152 mm cannons had a terrible power – they were able to literally break German tanks in half. After the Battle of Kursk this destroyer was called “Zveroboy “, i.e. from the Russian “beast slayer”, bearing in mind how well it did against the new tanks of the Third Reich. The Germans also used a self-propelled Ferdinand cannon with an 88 mm cannon near Kursk. However, it had a small problem – the designers forgot to put machine guns in it, so it was easily destroyed by infantry.
Interestingly, one of the most effective weapons against the Wehrmacht and SS armoured units were… dogs with which the Russians attached explosives and sent them against German tanks.
The fall of the Citadel
On July 15 the bleeding German Army Group Centre was struck by the Soviet Western and Bryansk fronts. The troops of the Army Group South withdrew to the starting positions before the operation “Zitadelle” and started defending their positions. This was the end of the German offensive near Kursk, and Adolf Hitler himself contributed to its failure, sending some forces to Sicily on July 13, where the Allied landing had just taken place. On the Russian steppes the Third Reich lost 416 000 soldiers, and the Russians – as many as 1 680 000 people. The German armoured forces, supplemented with great difficulty and precisely prepared for the great battle, were incapable of carrying out any offensive actions.
The Red Army Command decided to seize the opportunity to attack the weakened, exhausted opponent. On August 3, a great offensive started through Belgorod and Kharkiv, which within 21 days pushed the Wehrmacht to the west for 140 km. As history has shown, the Russians did not return the strategic initiative to Hitler on the Eastern Front, and Stalin’s hordes ended their march westwards only two years later, in Berlin. | <urn:uuid:c8aad299-1c99-4735-aac8-f54cda139e95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mhistory.net/battle-of-kursk-the-largest-tank-battle-of-world-war-ii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.977329 | 2,696 | 3.5 | 4 |
Find out what to do if you’re worried that a child is being neglected or abused. Information about safeguarding children in North Lincolnshire and our early help offer.
Report abuse or neglect
If you are ever concerned that a child is in immediate danger please call the police on 999.
Safeguarding children and young people is the responsibility of everyone. If you are concerned that a child is being abused or they may be at risk of harm, you should contact and make a referral to our Single Point of Contact Team on:
- 01724 296500 (9am to 5pm Monday to Thursday, 9am to 4.30pm Friday)
- 08081 689667 (free phone)
- 01724 296555 (answerphone – out of office hours and at weekends )
- 101 – Police non emergency
- 999 – Police emergency | <urn:uuid:32dc4f38-2175-4d8b-80ff-ce48592337d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.northlincs.gov.uk/people-health-and-care/keeping-children-safe-in-north-lincolnshire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.929931 | 181 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Potential guests are more switched on than ever regarding environmental responsibility, but not just for their own lifestyles.
More and more, people are checking the environmental policies of the places they escape to for well-earned holidays.
But despite how popular environmental responsibility is becoming, it can be quite difficult to know where to start, especially if it concerns your business.
How can you implement more ethical and environmentally friendly practices?
We approached The Great House B&B to discover what they do to help the environment and how they earned the title ‘Plastic Free Champions’ as part of an initiative organised by Surfers Against Sewage, a grassroots movement that has grown into one of the UK’s most active environmental charities.
Sheila Harvey-Larmar and her husband Bruce own and run the Grade II listed accommodation in Exmoor and their business ethos was built with the environment in mind. “From the very first day we have been constantly working to improve our eco credentials.
“It’s all about what you’re doing to reduce what would normally be used in the business, making conscious decisions and a conscious effort,” said Sheila.
Reducing Packaging at The Great House
One of the main areas that Sheila and Bruce focus on is the packaging on the products they use.
“It’s not always just the product itself,” explained Sheila, “but what the product is contained in.
“For example, refilling glass bottles with water from a large holding tank because glass is recyclable.
“So in terms of our shower gel and hand gel, we look for bottles that are made from either glass or recycled plastic. But as well as being made from recycled materials, it’s also important that the packaging is still 100% recyclable at the end of its life cycle.”
When choosing to use packaging that is recyclable or eco-friendly, it’s important to do your research.
“Packaging is one of the reasons why we don’t put biscuits in the rooms,” said Sheila. “I’ve been through every major manufacturer of individually wrapped biscuits and not one of them does recyclable packaging!
“They don’t do it, so I don’t supply it and I don’t have time to make my own shortbread because we’re just a husband and wife team.”
She added: “It’s the same with cleaning products. It’s difficult because you have to assess the quality of the product itself as well as the packaging.”
Whilst researching cleaning products, Sheila and Bruce have often had to email the companies to get the information they want because it’s not on the websites.
After searching high and low for the right cleaning products to compliment their values, Sheila and Bruce recently started using Delphis Eco products.
Delphis Eco uses recycled/ recyclable packaging and their products don’t contain harmful chemicals.
Sheila also explained that they use washing powder instead of liquids for laundry.
“That way, we aren’t using harmful micro-plastics and the washing powder comes in a cardboard box which is easily recycled.”
Plastic Free Champions – What are they?
‘Plastic Free Champions’ is an initiative organised by Surfers Against Sewage, a grassroots movement that has grown into one of the UK’s most active environmental charities.
The SAS Plastic Free Communities movement has seen various sized businesses rising to the challenge of removing avoidable single-use plastics.
This initiative focuses on things like plastic bottles, disposable coffee cups, food packaging, straws, balloons and bathroom plastics.
Independent businesses such as The Great House B&B are driving the change that’s needed to stem the plastic tide at the source.
Almost seven hundred businesses have now achieved the Plastic Free Champion award, with hundreds more working towards it. sas.org.uk
Sourcing Locally for your BnB…
Interestingly, one element that Sheila and Bruce compromise on, is the packaging of their tea and coffee.
“We have a local supplier just seven miles away and none of their packaging is recyclable, however we counter that against the ‘food miles’,” explained Sheila.
Food miles are a unit of measurement of the fuel used to transport products from the producer to the consumer.
For example, products produced in Scotland but used in Exmoor would result in a greater number of food miles than products produced in Exmoor and used in Exmoor. The greater the number of ‘food miles’, the greater the harm to the environment as the products are transported over longer distances.
“So having non-recyclable packaging is a fair compromise when you produce much smaller amounts of CO2 emissions with regards to the food miles because they are very close to us,” said Sheila, “it’s a bit of a balancing act, that one is.”
Sheila and Bruce are currently researching tea and coffee suppliers within Exmoor that do use recyclable packaging as their quest to source locally and help the environment continues.
“Literally everything on our breakfast menu, apart from the baked beans that come in a can, is sourced within Exmoor.
“There’s a farm in the village that supplies eggs, and other local farms that supply sausages and bacon. The mushrooms and tomatoes are from Exmoor-based companies too.”
For businesses who wish to reduce their impact upon the environment by reducing their food miles, it’s important that you do your research and speak to the local suppliers that are available.
“Talk to your suppliers,” said Sheila, “and put pressure on them to supply what you want.
“For example, we approached the company that do our coffee beans and said, ‘Can you supply us with beans and if we bring our own containers, can we put them straight in there?’ and they said no because of health and safety issues. And yet the farm we use, dealing with raw meat, said yes.
“So now they will lose us as customers because we are going to go somewhere else and it might force them to rethink.”
She added: “It’s putting pressure on those local suppliers to provide services like this to help the environment.
“Even small things like changing the milk bottles from plastic to glass.”
It’s a lot easier these days to find eco-friendly solutions for small, everyday products and tasks and Sheila strongly encourages hospitality businesses to apply pressure to their local suppliers.
Green Tourism – What is it?
These days, green tourism is all about travelling responsibly and making conscious choices that benefit or reduce your impact on the environment.
As a business owner, green tourism for you may mean implementing your own Environmental Policy.
For example, The Great House B&B have outlined their policy on their website, explaining their commitments to sourcing locally, recycling, reducing their use of plastics and other environmentally friendly practices.
Green Tourism is all about being environmentally responsible, something that potential guests are looking for more and more when scouting for places to stay.
Despite all your efforts as a business owner to be more environmentally friendly, reducing your carbon footprint and improving your eco credentials also lies, partly, in the hands of your guests.
So how can you encourage them to be more environmentally responsible during their stay?
“This is interesting, because I think a lot of people pick us because of our environmentally friendly ethos,” said Sheila.
“But having said that, we had someone not long ago who gave us a low review. Apparently for the price they paid, they wanted more ‘luxury’ which to them, meant shower caps, tissues and biscuits; all the things we don’t do because of our policy.
“A 50p shower cap was their idea of luxury, yet we have silver cutlery in the dining room, bone china, hand painted murals… I think it’s just a certain type of person that get’s what we’re doing.”
Sheila and Bruce direct their guests to the Environmental Policy page on their website which states not only what they try to do at The Great House B&B to reduce their environmental impact, but also what the guests can do to help.
“All our practices are largely well received,” said Sheila, “maybe they don’t think about it as much as we do, but they are glad that we have thought about it and that we are taking these actions.”
Perhaps in a unique and surprising twist, guests aren’t expected to separate their waste into different bins. Instead, Sheila and Bruce go through all the bins to ensure everything is separated correctly.
“We’ve got recyclable bags in the bins that we reuse,” said Sheila, “we don’t just throw them out everyday as you would with standard bin bags. You can reuse them if they are dry.
The guests need not to worry about what’s in the bin and they can put everything in a single bin. Sheila and Bruce then go through the bins and literally pick out everything that we can recycle.”
She added: “I think a lot of people don’t always know what can be recycled. Like olive pots – I think most people won’t know they are recyclable, but they are because we go down to our local recycling centre and do it.
“We literally go through everything and recycle everything that we possibly can.”
If you don’t know what the next step is in your eco-friendly journey as a business, write a list of all the possible changes you could make and start small.
“Just changing one thing at a time is a great place to start and an easy thing to do,” said Sheila.
Taking it one step at a time will make it more manageable; you don’t need to overwhelm yourself by changing everything at once.
Top Tips – Improving eco-friendly practices in your property
- Focus on one small change at a time.
- Low energy light bulbs are an easy swap. Phase them in as the old ones blow out.
- Use glasses in bathrooms instead of plastic, disposable cups.
- Build relationships with local suppliers. They appreciate your business more than big chains and are more open to suggestions and ideas.
- Bulk buy biodegradable carrier bags online.
- If you don’t have time to bake your own biscuits and can’t find individually wrapped biscuits in recyclable packaging, bulk-buy good quality oat cookies and decant them into glass jars.
- Ditch laundry liquid that comes in plastic bottles and opt for powder in cardboard boxes.
- Lobby local shops to install a milk refill station in partnership with local dairy farms. You can reuse your glass bottles and will no longer need plastic cartons.
- Individual loo rolls wrapped in paper look extravagant but the company ‘Who Gives A Crap” only use recycled paper and 50% of their profits go towards building toilets in developing countries.
- Why not try keeping your own hens? You’ll get fresh eggs to use in the kitchen and guests will love them! | <urn:uuid:20bcaab4-f929-4a96-9b1a-5684557c0fc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.luxurybnbmag.com/the-great-house-bb-plastic-free-champions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954795 | 2,408 | 1.976563 | 2 |
List the differences between you and a chimp. Size, hair and brains are three – but did you count your microbiome?
As we have evolved separately from chimps, so have the bugs we harbour in our gut. Howard Ochman of the University of Austin in Texas and his team sequenced the gut microbiomes of hundreds of wild chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas, and those of hundreds of humans living in US cities and in Venezuela and Malawi. They found that, just as the gorilla is more distantly related to humans than the chimp is, the same is true of their respective microbiomes. What’s more, a loss of microbial diversity appears to have sped up suddenly in modern humans.
“Ochman and colleagues show that human evolution was accompanied by both a rapid divergence of the microbiome from the microbiome of apes, and a drastic loss of diversity of the microbial community,” says Thomas Bosch of the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany. He says this is a landmark study.
Among the bugs we have lost are a number that help digest plant matter, while we have gained others that help us digest meat. That makes sense in light of our diet.
Chronic disease risk
But Ochman’s collaborator Andrew Moeller of Yale University suspects that the changes in our gut microbes may have had a downside. The bugs form a small, complex ecosystem, and diverse ecosystems are more resilient.
“Other work has shown if you can’t digest complex plant polysaccharides, they sit around in the gut where they can cause inflammation,” he says. “So not having certain bacteria could make people more prone to chronic inflammation.”
Diverse gut microbes are also thought to keep pathogens at bay simply by occupying a range of habitable niches inside us, leaving no room for anything else to grow.
For now, all these possible links between the microbiome and our health still need to be firmed up with more studies. They will also have to question what, in our history, modified our gut flora so dramatically: changing diets and habitats probably both played a role.
More provocatively, insect studies have shown that having non-matching microbiomes can prevent individuals of the same species from producing viable offspring, thus influencing the evolution of their host insect species. Is it conceivable that our gut flora had something to do with the origins of our own species?
“The new study demonstrates that divergence of humans from great apes was accompanied by the establishment of a completely different, human-specific microbiome,” says Bosch. “Whether this change of the micobiome was one of the key drivers of human evolution and the development of human specific features remains to be shown.”
Journal reference: PNAS, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419136111
More on these topics: | <urn:uuid:d22971c4-49ca-4388-a992-bdab3ca151f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26501-our-gut-bugs-evolved-with-us-as-we-split-from-chimps/?ignored=irrelevant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945053 | 599 | 3.5625 | 4 |
About This Item
Share This Item
Alaska’s Mineral-Rich Lands–Geological Information Essential to Resource Management - Abstract
Alaska has the highest mineral potential in North America, if not the world, but remains vastly under explored. Geologic resources compose a major part of Alaska’s economic assets, with about $4.4 billion in FY06 of oil production revenues funding most of Alaska’s State government. Alaska’s mineral resources are also an important, although much smaller, revenue source for state and local governments, and a very important source of high-paying jobs in rural Alaska.
Alaska has a long history of mining, with the first recorded production back in the 1880s, current large-scale mining at the Red Dog, Greens Creek, Pogo and Fort Knox mines, and strong potential for future mining at the Pebble and Donlin Creek deposits. However, most of Alaska’s mineral resources are poorly developed, with experienced mineral exploration managers characterizing Alaska’s present state of mineral development as analogous to that of the western United States in the late 1800s. Mineral exploration in Alaska is impeded by the lack of infrastructure and basic geological data. The present lack of detailed geologic knowledge is a formidable impediment to long-range planning and investment by industry and government.
The State of Alaska, through the Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), is involved in two major programs to expand and make accessible geological, geophysical, geochemical, and other aspects of Alaska’s mineral resources. DGGS has an integrated program, the Alaska Airborne Geophysical/Geological Mineral Inventory (AAGGMI) Program, of airborne geophysics, geological and geochemical methods to produce highly detailed 1:50,000 and 1:63,360 scale geophysical surveys and geologic maps, with almost 6.2 million acres of Alaska flown for detailed geophysical surveys and about 2.75 million acres of geologic maps produced in the program. DGGS is also part of a multi-agency group completing various facets of the Minerals Data and Information Rescue in Alaska (MDIRA) program to recover and make easily available Alaska mineral information through a coordinated Web-based system. MDIRA projects include databases on Alaskan mineral deposits, geologic literature, and geochemistry data; preservation of core and other physical samples at the Alaska Geologic Materials Center; a digital mining claim information system; and archiving, managing, and disseminating mineral information. Many of these files at participating organizations are now linked to the http://akgeology.info/ Web site.
The AAGGMI and MDIRA programs provide a wealth of basic geologic and mineral-resource information aiding geologic investigations and mineral exploration. In some instances Alaska is now at the forefront of the rest of the United States and other jurisdictions in providing accessible geologic information. This accessible information aids research at all levels of the geological community. The State can manage mineral resources more efficiently. Individuals and companies able to assimilate this “new” data and build research and exploration efforts around it should make new discoveries around the state of Alaska. Ultimately, new discoveries using this geologic data will lead to new State mineral resource revenue through mineral development and production.
Acknowledgments and Associated Footnotes
2 Laurel E. Burns: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 3354 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
3 Melanie B. Werdon: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 3354 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
4 Jennifer E. Athey: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 3354 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
5 Larry K. Freeman: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 3354 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
6 Robin L. Smith: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 3354 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99709-3707
Copyright © 2014 by the Alaska Geological Society | <urn:uuid:869b5f55-efbf-4460-b629-27149d01646f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archives.datapages.com/data/alaska/data/031/031001/26_akgs0310026.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.877478 | 853 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Are ALL your features brilliantly warm? Are you drawn to true orange and yellow? Do you love the colors of a spring flowers?
If this sounds like you, you might be a Warm Spring!
The is a comprehensive guide to warm spring in the 12 season system of color analysis. Keep reading to learn the physical characteristics, the best makeup, a beautiful color palette to wear, wardrobe staples, and how to create your own custom palette.
Table of Contents
In seasonal color analysis we look at the skin, eyes, and hair to find a common color family. The 6 main color components are warm, cool, deep, light, soft, and bright.
The spring color family is warm and includes clear spring, true/warm spring, and light spring.
- Clear Spring
- True/Warm Srpring
- Light Spring
Today we’ll be exploring the brilliant beauty of warm spring.
Warm, Leaning Light
Warm Spring is classified in the following ways: warm hue, medium value, muted chroma.
- Warm hue
- Medium light value
- Bright chroma
Warm spring is one of the pure seasons, and as such all the features are warm. It is distinguished from the other true warm season of autumn in value and chroma, with warm spring leaning both light and bright.
The skin is likely to be soft porcelain beige or creamy peach. The eyes will typically be amber, green, or blue, and quite brilliant.
Hair is the in the blonde color family, from light to medium/dark, and will likely have red and strawberry tones.
The features exhibit a moderate degree of contrast along the medium value spectrum. All the features are quite bright, with the eyes and hair being noticeable against creamy skin.
To emphasize the features of warm spring, makeup colors should be both warm as well.
For the eyes, choose light neutrals such as cream, butter and bronze, darker colors like copper, redwood, and olive. Accent colors could be warm teal or purple.
For the cheeks, neutral warm shades of sand, coral, and copper are wonderful to bring out a peachy glow for warm spring.
Nude lips are a winner for warm spring, along with caramel and toffee. For a bold lip choose raisin, coral red, or cherry red.
Avoid cool tones like pink or berry red lipstick, cool blue and green eyeshadows, and soft pink cheek colors. Warm spring should also stay away from dark brown lip colors.
Warm autumn stands out for its bright warm primary colors. Think of the color of new flowers on the ground after the barrenness of winter. Since it’s in the warm color family, its heavy with reds, oranges, yellows, and greens.
Here we see some different elements where warm spring is naturally found. The 6 color rainbow depicts the truest, most neutral form of colors, but the warm spring rainbow is warmer and clear.
The colorful daisies of spring with their neon colors depict the range of warm spring.
A field of tulips illustrate the primary colors, while a hot air balloon made to stand against the sky shows more of those colors of warm spring.
Bold purple and yellow flowers finish off the colors of warm spring.
In creating a palette for warm spring we start with neutrals, and work through the major color families.
Black and white are out for all spring types with brown and navy taking the place of black, and ivory functioning as white. Olive, nude, and camel are colored neutrals that will be staples in the warm spring wardrobe.
Warm and orange red and great bold tones, and warm spring looks great in oranges and many pinks. Yellows appear as butter, honey, and daffodil. Many greens can be worn along the medium to light spectrum. Blues with a bit of green are power colors for warm spring. Luxurious red-toned purples complete the palette.
There is usually a version of every color that can be worn by any season, but some may be more difficult to match and find. Many colors available may be too muted for the warm spring type, and finding primary type colors should be the goal.
There are some colors that warm spring should always avoid. Black and white have been mentioned as they are too stark for warm spring. Soft muted colors are not suitable for warm spring as they will clash with your features. Light, bright colors, especially lime and orange, are some of the best colors for warm spring.
Here we see some outfits for deep autumn. I’ve included two outfits for each season, one with a dress and another with skirt separates.
When putting together outfits, low contrast options featuring mostly darker colors in the palette will be best. Using light neutrals is still a suitable outfit, however.
Patterns should feature mostly dark colors with a hint of light, such as traditional leopard. When choosing other patterns such as florals, plaids, and stripes, look for options that have a dark background with smaller elements as contrast.
Dark wash denim is preferred over medium and light wash. Leather should be in the brown family, like mocha or cognac. Yellow and rose gold are great metals for deep autumn.
No matter your style or personal aesthetic, there are a few items that every woman should have in their wardrobe.
Here are 10 core pieces for the Soft Autumn woman:
The basics of any wardrobe should be neutrals, and you could certainly choose the same neutrals. Layering similar shades of the same color will create a rich luxe look.
For those that enjoy a more colorful look, the basics are still appropriate, but fun and funky accessories in the yellow, orange, purple, and blue families will add interest.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I still wear black?
Of COURSE you can still wear black. I personally believe that black is a staple in any wardrobe. Any season can wear black, but some may find it is overwhelming. Black is likely to be somewhat less harsh for warm spring than some other seasons. Black definitely isn’t your BEST color, and strong shades of brown will be most suitable. However, if you’re building a capsule wardrobe choosing black as a base may be easiest to find.
I hate these colors, could my season be wrong?
Yes absolutely, it could be true. But I want to challenge you, what is it that you hate? Is it the neutrals that you don’t like? Perhaps you don’t like brown? Refer back to my statements above about wearing black. Is it one of the color families, yellow or orange perhaps? Don’t wear them! Just because a palette includes all these colors doesn’t mean you should wear them all. I dare you to look at your closet and see if you naturally gravitate to any of these colors. If the answer is no, and you still feel this is completely wrong, let me know! I can help!
Should I wear all of these colors?
Well, that depends on you and what you consider minimalism! If you like a lot of variety, then go for it! However, when building a small capsule, you’ll find that limiting your color options is the best idea. I recommend the following:
- Black base
- Dark neutral
- Light neutral
- Main color
- 2-3 Accent colors
Get Your Free Color Palette
Can I only wear these colors?
No way! You should wear what you love! If you want to wear lavender, then go for it! You may find, however, that learning your season affects how other colors make you feel. If you feel confident rocking a color, then it’s yours to own. But if you don’t, feel free to leave it to the seasons that wear it well. If you’re looking to expand your palette, you can also consider sister seasons.
The following are sister seasons for warm spring:
I hope you’ve enjoyed reading about the lovely attributes of soft autumn. These individuals are truly beautiful in their soft gentle warmth. They can wear muted colors that are currently very trendy and look stunning.
Are you a Warm Spring? If so, say hello in the comments! | <urn:uuid:f4c29a09-a6aa-473d-8aad-51540e378cb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://radiantlydressed.com/warm-spring-color-palette/?replytocom=262 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.927924 | 1,748 | 1.992188 | 2 |
1.To say Walt Disney had a lot riding on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs would be an understatement. Not only had he borrowed money to complete the film, he also mortgaged his home to help finance it.
2.Snow White was the first film to release an accompanying soundtrack.
3.But Snow White wasn't the first time Disney released music from its films to the public. A few years earlier, in 1933, the 78 rpm record for "Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" from The Three Little Pigs was a big seller (FTR, it was just a single and not a soundtrack).
4.In 1930, a Mickey Mouse writing tablet became the first Disney character merchandise. Walt Disney agreed to license the character to a company in New York (for $300) because he needed the money at the time:
5."When You Wish Upon a Star," from Pinocchio, was the first Disney song to win the Oscar for Best Original Song.
6.During World War II, 90% of what Walt Disney Studios produced was for the Allies' war effort (i.e. propaganda films, training films, print campaigns, etc.).
7.Cinderella was the first time Disney shot the entire film in live-action first, and then used it for reference to animate the movie.
8.The narrator for Cinderella — whose voice you hear at the beginning of the movie — is voice actor Betty Lou Gerson, who was also the voice of Cruella de Vil in 101 Dalmatians.
9.Both Lady Tremaine and Maleficent are voiced by the same actor: Eleanor Audley.
10.Eleanor Audley is also the voice of Madame Leota in the Haunted Mansion ride.
11.The Haunted Mansion has the distinction of being placed in a different land in every Disney park that has it.
12.Sleeping Beauty took a long time to make. It first went into production in 1951 and wasn't released into theaters until 1959.
13.The design of Anita in 101 Dalmatians was partly based on Julie Andrews.
14.According to Jeffery Sherman, son of Robert Sherman (of the famous Sherman Brothers), he inspired the Mary Poppins song "A Spoonful of Sugar" after he told his dad that he had gotten his polio vaccine on a sugar cube.
15.Dick Van Dyke’s notorious Cockney accent was partially to blame on his Irish vocal coach Pat O'Malley, who, according to him, "didn't do an accent any better than I did."
16.Julie Andrews was not the first person to play Mary Poppins on screen. It was Mary Wickes, who played the character in 1949 in a one-hour TV adaptation that was part of CBS’s Studio One series.
17.Coincidentally, Mary Wikes has a role in another classic Disney film — she played Sister Mary Lazarus in the Sister Act films.
18.Disney wanted to get the Beatles to cameo as the vultures in The Jungle Book, but they turned them down. Reportedly, John Lennon was the one who did not like the idea and refused to be a part of it.
19.Disneyland's King Arthur Carousel is older than the park itself. It was built in 1922 for the Sunnyside Beach Park in Toronto.
20.The Enchanted Tiki Room (which opened in 1963) was the first attraction at Disneyland to have air-conditioning.
21.The Black Hole was Disney's first movie to receive a PG rating.
22.Early in the development of The Little Mermaid, both Joan Collins and Bea Arthur were approached to voice Ursula.
23.The ballroom scene in Beauty and the Beast features an only gold and blue color scheme — that was chosen because those colors represent Belle.
24.The version of "Beauty and the Beast" that Mrs. Potts sings in the film was the very first take Angela Lansbury sang.
25.And finally, the 1993 teaser trailer for The Lion King was the first time Disney ever released an entire scene as a trailer: | <urn:uuid:59a3cf91-37d1-48b4-9f0f-db530bfa51e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buzzfeed.com/briangalindo/intriguing-disney-facts-you-might-not-know | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.97144 | 858 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Good morning everyone, and welcome to Sparkle School, where together, we access our innate, iNtuitive wisdom as unique, self-valuing, and deeply Feeling women, and share who we are becoming in a safe, sensitive community.
In recent weeks, we have been exploring the ten areas of life that we work with in Sparkle School, and we’ve been using, as our discovery lens, the life area of ‘family of origin’. Last week, we focused this lens on the limiting beliefs our first family showed us about work. Today, we focus that lens on the life area of ‘play’. As we do that, let’s notice the obvious, which is that the two life-areas of work and play are two sides of the same coin when it comes to our beliefs and choices. We associate work, with making money or making a ‘difference’ in the world, or in our families. We associate play with taking time off from the serious things of life. But what if we ‘play’ music for a living? What if we make art? What if our work involves playing sports? Do we even think to notice how we use the words ‘work’ and ‘play’? Are we aware of the ways in which we sometimes use each word with the meaning of the other word in mind? It makes sense that we learned this ‘not-noticing’, at least in part, from our family of origin.
When it comes to making sense of the difference between work and play, one way to move beyond what we learned as children, is to think of work as activity that is arduous, or hard, and to think of play as activity that is easy, and fun. Another way, is to think of work as activity that involves delayed gratification, such as wealth or social status, and to think of play as involving immediate gratification during the activity itself like the ‘body high’ that comes with playing sports, or the thrill associated with winning a game. One thing is certain, though … that whatever our personal ideas about work and play might be, they will have been greatly impacted by the thoughts, beliefs, and practices we learned from our family of origin.
In Sparkle School, we are very curious about how we can, each, become more self-directed in life, and more creative, and more fully expressed and fulfilled. So, it makes sense for us to consider one additional look at our two-sided, work-play coin. We might think of the ‘work’ side as being prescribed for us, by our society, our community, our boss, or initially, by adult members of our family of origin. And we might think of the ‘play’ side of our coin as offering us freedom, with plenty of room to explore and experiment, away from the expectations (and prying … and possibly ‘judging’) eyes of others.
When our definition of ‘play’ includes the idea of ‘freedom’, it takes on a whole new meaning, and this may be especially true for us as complex, iNtuitive-Feeling type women. Play as ‘freedom’ might bring to mind, moments in childhood when mom, or some other adult told us to ‘go play’, as though play had a switch that we could turn on and off whenever we wanted to. We might have felt pressured in such moments, especially at first. We might even have felt rejected, or dismissed, by the adult who told us to ‘go play’. Or we might have felt like we didn’t know what to do. For most of us as children, though, there was an innate sense that the order to ‘go play’ came with a large helping of relief, and the freedom to engage in doing something just because we wanted to, something that we might do, just for the ‘fun of it’! Such a realization can be a doorway into the inner world of our imagination, and so we might have begun to relax a bit. We might have wandered about looking for inspiration of some kind, without even knowing we were doing so. Eventually, we might have found a friend to play with, or drifted into some activity that just felt right at the time. As we fast-forward into adulthood, we might be curious about whether we still have the ability to just ‘go play’, and also about how much of our answer to that question comes from our family of origin. | <urn:uuid:5d6ccb80-c9dc-49f0-8952-c873e87b4ff3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bravelybeingyou.com/episode-31/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.981522 | 948 | 2.203125 | 2 |
2018 Numbers Illustrate Impact
LifeSource is among 41 of the 58 organ procurement organizations who tied or set new records for the number of generous individuals who said yes to donation.
Despite LifeSource’s progress in donation registrations, for the sixth year in a row, the United States set a record for the number of deceased organ donors in 2018.
2018 in Numbers
- 184 organ donors → 567 organ transplants
- 673 tissue donors → 50,000 potential lives healed
- 223 eye donors → 326 corneas transplanted
LifeSource’s increase is attributed to the generosity of donors, their families and the dedication of the LifeSource team. In addition to the record tied for the number of organ donors and the record set for tissue donors, LifeSource expanded its programs to include eye donation and provided the gift of sight through cornea transplantation.
Even with the generosity of donor family members and the continued efforts of LifeSource and partner organizations, nearly 3,400 people in Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota continue to wait for a life-saving transplant. You can help by registering to be a donor, sharing your decision with your loved ones and encouraging others to support these precious gifts. | <urn:uuid:ca60d608-f749-4dfb-92d0-f443a5ee12f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.life-source.org/latest/2018-numbers-illustrate-impact/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.914004 | 247 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Economies of scale and diseconomies of scale are two related – but distinct concepts. As explored further below, economies of scale arise from the cost of production decreasing as the volumes increase. Diseconomies of scale are the opposite – costs increasing as volumes increase.
Economies of scale: Savings that arise from increasing scale
Economies of scale arise from savings that are achieved as the volume of production increases – the more you make of a product, the lower the cost per item.
Common sales economies include:
- Purchasing materials at a better rate: There may be volume discounts in the raw materials, arising from better bargaining power, savings on delivery, or other cost savings relative to small or one-off purchases.
- Fixed costs are spread over a larger number of products: There are likely fixed costs in operating, inured irrespective of the number of products produced. These may include the rent on a facility, the cost of machinery, or the cost of developing the product. When you manufacture a larger volume of products, these costs are spread over a much larger number of products, in turn pulling the fixed cost allocated to each product lower.
- Labor cost per unit declines: Beyond costs that are entirely fixed, there are certain variable costs that may decline the greater volume that you produce. Greater volumes may allow more efficient routines to be implemented, potentially reducing the labor component of each product produced
Diseconomies of scale: Additional costs that arise from increasing scale
Diseconomies of scale arise from savings that are achieved as the volume of production increases – the more you make of a product, the lower the cost per item.
Common sales economies include:
- Coordination difficulties: A key cause of diseconomies of scale is associated with coordination difficulties as the firm grows. While it is easy to manage a small organization, a large organization has a lot of moving parts – each potentially pulling in different directions, with different perceptions of what the firm is, and what it should be doing.
- Extra layers of management: Beyond the coordination difficulties that can occur in large organizations, the extra layers of management add in additional costs. There may be additional layers of management requires to supervise operations, each with associated overhead expenses.
- Lack of focus on small improvements: Another possible source of diseconomy of scale arises because particularly large firms may not be interested in making minor incremental improvements. In part because of coordination difficulties, and in part because of monitoring issues, there may not be the incentives in place to drive managers to pursue small efficiency improvements. Small changes may be thought not big enough to move the needle, with a danger that waste and inefficiencies gradually start to seep in.
The relation between economies of scale and diseconomies of scale
Economies of scale and diseconomies of scale are at odds with one another. Initially, the size of the economies of scale may outweigh any diseconomies, with the net effect being that costs decline as volume increases. However, there comes a point where these effects start to plateau off – savings that come from increasing production volumes may start to decline past a certain point. For example, if you are making 1 million of a particular item, there may only be relatively negligible better bargaining power with suppliers to increase that to 10 million.
This can create a U-shaped relationship between production volumes and costs – initially costs decline as economies of scale outweigh diseconomies, but then past a certain point (the minimum efficient scale), the diseconomies of scale start to dominate, resulting in costs per unit starting to gradually increase. | <urn:uuid:ff317207-5e1e-4988-a00f-2e764fc5b41f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://startupsloth.com/the-difference-between-economies-of-scale-and-diseconomies-of-scale/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932645 | 726 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Hampshire, Toogood and Son
Sir Hamo Thornycroft RA (1850-1925) studied in the studio of his parents, Thomas and Mary, who were both sculptors. He entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1869 and travelled to France and Italy in 1871. He won the Royal Academy gold medal in 1876 and became an ARA in 1881 and an RA in 1888, his diploma work being a bas-relief entitled "The Mirror". Much of his work is in museums and a number of sculptures are in outdoor sites, including a monument to General Gordon in Victoria Embankment Gardens, a statue of Oliver Cromwell in front of the Houses of Parliament; the Gladstone Monument in the Strand and statues of "The Mower" and "The Sower" in Kew Gardens. He was knighted in 1917.
Toogood and Sons, Millbrook Road, Southampton, were established in 1815 and were seedsmen to Queen Victoria and Edward VII.
If you require further information on this item you can contact us in a number of ways. Click here to see our contact information. | <urn:uuid:94b82f60-0ade-4600-9fb6-37544f04cbfc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.historicmedals.com/viewItem.php?no=1756 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.976574 | 241 | 1.671875 | 2 |
ABOUT THE GARDEN
Situated in one the most stunning valley the popular Risheehat Tea Estate is well known for planting the best organic teas. This tea estate got established back in the middle 19th century. This estate was locally called the “TseringBagan” because of a local tribe population of the same name. Acquired by Jay Shree Tea since 1955, Risheehat produces over 180 tons every year of bio-organic teas. The tea estate is further divided into Liza Hill and Risheehat main division.
BEST TIME TO DRINK
- (1) Begin with filtered or bottled water.
- (2) Heat water to a boil.Put in 2.5 to 3 gms of tea for every cup of water.
- (3) Let it steep for 3 to 5 minutes
- (4) Pour into a cup through a strainer.
Light Dark round cup
Black bown leaves with green open leaves
Greenish Brown leaves with coppery touch | <urn:uuid:ac269312-cf46-4d24-8f11-5655ea531412> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jayshreetea.com/clearance/darjeeling-first-flush-liza-hill-clonal-black-tea-2018 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.910494 | 241 | 1.554688 | 2 |
JK-e | Tekniktips och guide till den smarta studenten
Walking With Dinosaurs Sea Monsters Episode 1. Så är det min plikt att samla in effektiva och pålitliga lösningar för att svara på frågor om Walking With Dinosaurs Sea Monsters Episode 1.
The dinosaurs are dragons trope as used in popular culture. What could be more dangerous (or more awesome) than a t. A walking with dinosaurs trilogy: With nigel marven, karen hayley, michael davis. Adventurous zoologist nigel marven embarks on an underwater expedition through time to explore the seven deadliest seas in earth's history, coming face to face with strange and dangerous prehistoric sea monsters. A line drawing of the internet archive headquarters building façade. An illustration of a magnifying glass. A walking with dinosaurs trilogy [ep. Nigel first goes fishing in the ordovician.
Bbc sea monsters a walking with dinosaurs trilogy 1 bölüm 01 The plesiosaurs (plesiosauria) were a group of extinct reptiles, belonging to the sauropterigyians. They existed from the middle triassic to the late cretaceous, dwelling at the territories of modern eurasia, africa, australia, america, etc, even antarctica (that, admittedly, was less cold than now). The peak of the plesiosaur diversity was during the jurassic, as featured in the 3rd episode.
A line drawing of the internet archive headquarters building façade. An illustration of a magnifying glass. A walking with dinosaurs trilogy [ep. Nigel first goes fishing in the ordovician. Even though fish hadn't evolve yet there's plenty of creatures to catch if they don't catch him first. In the triassic he finds plenty of fish but they're too big to catch so nigel just annoys them. Walking with monsters explores life in the paleozoic era,. From the creators of walking with dinosaurs comes an epic documentary hosted by nigel marven which takes you to the 7 most dangerous seas ever! Sea monsters a walking with dinosaurs trilogy s01e03 to hell and back nigel follows a school of massive fish hoping to find history's the largest marine carnivore, liopleurodon. Finally, in the cretaceous in a sea packed with predators nigel searches for a the apex predator, mausosaur. A walking with dinosaurs trilogy. Zoologist nigel marvin travels back in time to visit deadly creatures of the prehistoric. | <urn:uuid:3a540766-fc0b-42eb-8fe5-3b0aff52e3e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jk-e.co/sv/walking-with-dinosaurs-sea-monsters-episode-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.800638 | 539 | 2.015625 | 2 |
How long do you cook a steak in the oven at 350?
Bake in the oven for 7 to 10 minutes (7 for rare, 10 for rare). Remove and turn steaks. Bake them for another 7 to 10 minutes at 350. Remove the baking sheet, cover with a cotton towel or lid of some kind. Let the meat rest for a few minutes before serving.
At what temperature should you cook a T-bone roast in the oven?
Instructions Preheat the oven to 450 degrees F. Remove a steak from the refrigerator half an hour before cooking. Heat a large frying pan over high heat. Dry the steak and season generously with salt and pepper. Add the oil to the hot frying pan and add the steak when it starts to steam.
How long do you cook a steak in the oven at 400?
Fry the steaks in the oven for 8 to 12 minutes. Cut one of the steaks to see if it is cooked to your liking.
How long do I have to put my steak in the oven?
Rub the steak in a baking tray with 1 tablespoon oil and season generously with salt. Season with pepper if desired. Grill the steak for about 10 to 12 minutes and then turn it halfway. The internal temperature of the steak should be 125 ° for rare, 135 ° for rare and 145 ° for rare.
Does the steak look better in the oven or in the mold?
In fact, whether it is grilled on the grill or in the pan, finishing steaks in the oven is the standard procedure for fine restaurants everywhere, with good reason. Using the stove and oven together results in the perfect crust and tenderness of steaks cooked in restaurants.
How long do you make an 8 ounce steak?
Boil the steaks. Turn steaks and continue grilling 3 to 5 minutes for rare (an internal temperature of 135 degrees Fahrenheit), 5 to 7 minutes for medium (140 degrees Fahrenheit) or 8 to 10 minutes for medium well (150 degrees Fahrenheit))
How long does it take to make a steak at 425 degrees?
For my oven, I will place it in the steak for 18 minutes at 425 degrees to medium. I would shoot for 16 minutes for medium rare and 20 minutes for medium wells. It will take a couple of times to get it right because each oven is a little different.
How does Gordon Ramsay cook steaks with T-bone?
To cook your steaks, heat a frying pan – for moderate heat for fillet, hot for T-bone or very hot for fillet. Add a swirl of oil, with a whole clove of garlic and an herb. Season the steaks with salt and pepper and cook for 1-2 minutes on each side.
How long does it take to cook a boneless steak well done?
How long do you make steak?
|Cooking T-bone steak (1 inch)||Time to bake in the oven|
|Well done||5-6 minutes|
Do you bake or grill a steak in the oven?
The keys to cooking steak in the oven are quite simple: you need to start with a steak at room temperature, seal it in a very hot frying pan, grill the rest of the way in the oven until it reaches the desired level, and then let the steak sit for a few minutes to lock in the juice.
Do I have to finish my steak in the oven?
The thicker the steak, the more likely you will need to finish it in the oven. The reason is that the oven is a milder cooking method and less prone to overcooked edge. The cooking would be more uniform from start to finish. A steak that is 2.5 cm thick or smaller does not need to be finished in the oven.
Can you make steak on a plate?
Season the steaks with salt and pepper to taste and place them in a single layer. Put in the oven and fry until the steak is browned and charred around the edges, about 4-5 minutes on each side too rare, or until desired. Serve immediately with garlic butter if desired.
Why is my steak hard and tough?
Overcooking can dry out meat, but undercooked meat can be quite tough. Do not be afraid of a direct-read meat thermometer and pull out the meat when it is ready. For naturally soft cuts like the fillet, which can be as rare as 125ºF, while harder cuts like breasts should be cooked at 195ºF.
How long do you cook a 375 steak?
Bake in a preheated oven at 375 ° F for 15-20 minutes or until desired point. If you want steaks to be well done, cover with foil, lower the heat to 275 ° F and continue to cook for another 10 minutes. | <urn:uuid:534afe09-c8c0-48c6-9d40-a048db0e32a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clocktowerhistoricstaunton.com/food/how-long-to-bake-t-bone-steak-in-oven/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.921038 | 1,014 | 1.578125 | 2 |
State Asks Public Help with Fatal Deer Disease
As health experts track outbreaks of the new coronavirus, wildlife experts here in Virginia are watching another fatal condition in deer.
There are an estimated one million white-tailed deer in Virginia – a population of special interest to the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries’ executive director Ryan Brown.
“Most people associate them with hunting, and – yes – 90% of our hunters do hunt for white-tailed deer,” he says, “but white tailed deer is also the number one watched wildlife.”
Which is why some people continue to feed deer, but Brown says that’s one way those animals are infected with a fatal condition called Chronic Wasting Disease.
“Congregation of deer is a way in which Chronic Wasting Disease is spread through nose to nose contact,” Brown explains. “We encourage the public not to feed deer, because the deer don’t need it in Virginia to survive, and number two, attracting deer to a particular feeding location simply ups the odds that the disease will be spread within the herd.”
CWD poses no risk to humans. It’s caused by prions – proteins that can live in the soil.
“The prions can exist for many, many years and be picked up by deer who visit those locations where an infected deer has been,” he says.
CWD was first identified in Shenandoah County, across the border from West Virginia, but last year a case was confirmed in Culpeper County. The state promptly organized a public education campaign.
“We scheduled a public meeting in Culpeper and had a standing room only audience,” he recalls. “It was also streamed online to 20,000 individuals.”
The department continued to check for the disease in animals killed by hunters.
““We also instituted a program with the taxidermists in the state where we’re getting samples of deer that are brought to them,” says Brown. “Chronic wasting disease is more prevalent in older age male deer than it is with other age class deer within the herd, and those coincidentally also happen to be the most likely animals to make their way to a taxidermist. These are your big bucks.”
Finally, the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries would like to hear from anyone who finds a dead deer.
“There are many other factors in nature that contribute to the death of deer that don’t involve chronic wasting disease,” he says, “but it’s always beneficial for us to know and have the opportunity to take samples.”
Brown says chronic wasting disease has infected deer in many other states, but Virginia is better off than some – having banned captive herds and the importation of deer. | <urn:uuid:4bef704b-9af3-43dd-abc4-0ab7a7c62ac1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wvtf.org/news/2020-01-29/state-asks-public-help-with-fatal-deer-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96673 | 597 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Medicinal marijuana is gaining acceptance in countries around the world, but a century ago some horses were having a high old time on the drug, ostensibly as a treatment for colic.
Author CuChullaine O’Reilly discusses the historic use of cannabis for treating horses in his just-published three-volume Encyclopaedia of Equestrian Exploration.
O’Reilly, in a chapter on colic, explains the risks of the potentially fatal condition on the trail, and deals with “quack cures” that have featured throughout the long history of horseback riding.
However, does marijuana fall in the category of a quack cure?
O’Reilly points out that natural ingredients were the norm in bygone days. For 300 years, marijuana was an important part of the medical kit for Long Riders – those who undertake long journeys on horseback.
The earliest recorded example known to O’Reilly of equestrian travellers using marijuana can be found in The History of Four-Footed Beasts. Written in 1607, the author Edward Topsell, claimed that mixing hemp seeds with a horse’s regular ration encouraged rapid weight gain.
He has since explored the subject further, and found that François Rabelais, a doctor, writer, monk and Greek scholar during the Renaissance, also recommended cannabis for colic.
Rabelais, who lived from 1494 to 1553, had studied medicine at the University of Poitiers and the University of Montpellier. In 1532 he moved to Lyon, one of the intellectual centres of France, and in 1534 began working as a doctor.
He wrote a book describing how cannabis could ease the pain of gout and cure horses of colic.
“If of its juice you put in a bucket of water, suddenly you will see the water thicken, as if it were curds, so great are its virtues. And the water thus curdled is the immediate remedy for horses with colic.”
Its use for colic appears to have endured through the centuries for, as O’Reilly points out in his encyclopaedia, it appears to have been a standard treatment for the dangerous condition.
Before cannabis was outlawed in the United States in 1937, American veterinarians routinely prescribed equine colic medication which contained high doses of marijuana.
O’Reilly notes that the Parke Davis pharmaceutical company was one of the United State’s leading suppliers of top quality “liquid cannabis”.
The company, having collected hemp seeds from India and Nepal at the start of the 20th century, began growing high-grade marijuana in Michigan and the Blue Ridge mountains.
O’Reilly describes how the dried flower tops of the hemp plant were gathered and brewed in a method not dissimilar to making coffee in an industrial-sized percolator. The concentrated oily resin was extracted and mixed with alcohol.
A booklet published by the company assured doctors and the public that, “From the planting of the drug to the final marketing of the of the finished product, Cannabis Americana is created under the supervision of experts.”
The US War Department had no hesitation in recommending its use for colic. Its 1915 Manual for Farriers, Horseshoers, Saddlers and Waggoners recommended giving colicky horses “One teaspoon of liquid Cannabis Americana mixed with one tablespoon of olive oil.”
There were options for horse owners who didn’t want to mix ingredients. The 1912 Parke Davis catalogue of veterinary products advertised a ready-made cure for flatulent and spasmodic colic. The ingredients comprised 60.5% alcohol, 12.5% liquid cannabis and 25% chloroform. The label asserted that “one dose usually cures.”
“This was no idle boast made by hippy chemists,” writes O’Reilly, “as the powerful fluid hemp extract produced a strong sense of relaxation, which diminished the horse’s abdominal pains and reduced chances of the animal rupturing itself.”
Cannabis also had the backing of General William Giles Harding Carter, a US Cavalry officer who served in a range of conflicts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
In his book, Horses, Saddles and Bridles, General Carter describes Cannabis indica as an antispasmodic and anodyne. “It is recommended in colic, acute indigestion, impaction and constipation. It relieves pain and irritability without interfering with the secretions of the stomach and intestines; dose, one half to one dram.”
Parke David & Co., in a veterinary catalogue, described Cannabis Americana as a narcotic, analgesic and sedative. “May be often used in place of opium with the best results, especially in spasmodic disorders and in genito-urinary irritation: also in persistent cough and in hysteria, as well as in such painful affections as flatulent and spasmodic colic, pruritus and neuralgia, and to relieve spasms of chorea: also to quiet refractory animals for standing operations.”
This American-grown cannabis was in every respect equal to the expensive East Indian drug, it assured prospective buyers.
“The advantages of using carefully prepared solid and fluid extracts of the home-grown drug are apparent when it is considered that every step of the process, from the planting of the drug to the final marketing of the finished product, is under the supervision of experts.”
Other online reports also discuss the use of cannabis in treating horses, with the American Veterinary Association holding a lengthy discussion on the subject in 1914.
Its use in treating colic in the US appears to date back to 1880, with efforts made by a man named H.C. Wood to find strains of Cannabis indica with a more hypnotic and less deliriant effect.
Wood found that his extract was effective in small quantities for colic, and its use appears to have grown in the US from his work.
The drug was being recommended for the treatment of colic in US cavalry horses from as early as 1895.
While the pain-killing and relaxing effects of such cannabis-related preparations were undeniable, the more modern development of effective muscle relaxants, analgesics and the like for horses may well have dulled any veterinary desire to properly assess the effectiveness of cannabis for treating colic.
However, the use of cannabis in companion animals has piqued the interest of researchers at the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine.
An online survey of pet owners explored its use last year, with the findings yet to be published.
The school notes: “Despite the growing interest in medical cannabis for humans, very little is known about the use and role of cannabis in pets.
“Very few veterinary researchers and/or schools of veterinary medicine have conducted any significant research into the subject.
“The Equine and Comparative Neurology Research Group is beginning to lead this charge with an anonymous survey to gather information on this topic.
“The data will then be used to educate the public on the growing role of these products in the pet population and potentially lead to future research.”
Learn more about the Encyclopaedia of Equestrian Exploration here. | <urn:uuid:c49ee729-e052-4a12-a51b-8df5d1d21d94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2018/09/01/medicinal-cannabis-horses-dope/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959072 | 1,525 | 2.8125 | 3 |
|These photographs show work that we created during our Dreams and Schemes fortnight.
When we arrived a school we immediately noticed that something was different. Dreamcatchers filled our corridor, classroom and even outdoor areas!
Immediately we discussed these questions – What did you see? Where did you see them? What do they look like? What are they? How did they get there? A huge dreamcatcher had appeared in the hall and during assembly a strange man staggered in sleepily.
This created so much discussion because we were curious to find the answers to these questions…
Who is he? Why is he in assembly? Might he have been asleep? Was he dreaming? Is he nocturnal? Why is he here? What is his mission? Is there a link between the dream catchers and the sleepy man?
We worked with the sleepy man, PJ, and used drama to help him to retell a dream he had had which involved a very special mango tree which was surrounded by monkeys close to the Himalayas in India.
Unfortunately, PJ told us that he woke up before the dream ended and so we were given the task of becoming the Dream Makers.
We imagined how his dream might end and worked in small groups to record this.
During our Dreams and Schemes fortnight, we also followed instructions to make our own dream catchers and then wrote our own sets of instructions.
We used a range of materials and practiced our cutting skills to make a collage of a monkey and we made mixed media pictures of a mango tree.
We began by painting a wash for the background; next we blended oil pastels to create the tree and finally we added glass beads to represent the mangoes. | <urn:uuid:db78f33b-aed0-47df-b9a1-0a8e45c30e2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kimberworthprimary.org.uk/dreams-and-schemes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.985279 | 355 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Also included in
- Students will enjoy learning about Science with Seek & Find Science Doodles. Great for student engagement and retention. Your students will love searching for science and will have a fun coloring sheet when they are done! This is a No Prep- Print and Go Activity!Suggestions for Seek & Find S$78.00$153.00Save $75.00
- This Plant Bundle will make a great addition to your plants unit. This bundle contains my popular Science Seek & Finds, Seek and Sorts, Escape Room, Board Game Review, Science Made Easy, Plants CSI Science, Plant Chalk Talk Task Cards, Plant Review Cubes, plant quizzes and project for topics suc$27.00$39.50Save $12.50
Students will enjoy learning about Photosynthesis and Respiration and Plants with Seek & Find Science Doodles. Photosynthesis and Respiration key terms include chemical equations for photosynthesis and respiration, mitochondria, chloroplasts, glucose, and energy. Plants key terms include Photosynthesis, Turgor Pressure, Chemical Energy, Hydrotropism, Thigmatropism, Phototropism, Geotropism, Chlorophyll, Radiant Energy and Glucose. Great for student engagement and retention. Your students will love searching for science and will have a fun coloring sheet when they are done! This is a No Prep- Print and Go Activity!
Suggestions for Seek & Find Science
Unit title page for an ISN
Project image on board for Warm up
Use it as a hook before the start of a unit
Laminate for a DIY activity
Get student groups talking
Think, pair, share
Use it as a closer/ review
Perfect work for a sub day
Photosynthesis and Respiration and Plants Doodle/Color Sheet with key terms
Student assignment page
Teacher/student self-assessment answer key
Check out the preview to see exactly what you are getting!
♥ Like this product? You may be interested in these....
♥ Check out these Plant Activities
♥ Save Big with Bundles!
★Want more Seek & Find Science? Check out the Complete Seek & Find Science List
★Click to Follow Me to get freebies and updates on new products!
If you download this product and ♥ it, please rate me!
Copyright © EzPz-Science. All rights reserved. This product is to be used by the original downloader only. Copying for more than one teacher, classroom, department, school, or school system is prohibited. This product may not be distributed or displayed digitally for public view. Failure to comply is a copyright infringement and a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Clipart and elements found in this PDF are copyrighted and cannot be extracted and used outside of this file without permission or license. Intended for classroom and personal use ONLY. | <urn:uuid:8c664025-3212-4606-8c18-0b22619994b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Plant-Processes-Photosynthesis-Seek-and-Find-Science-Doodle-Activity-Bundle-3234265 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.857566 | 616 | 2.5 | 2 |
Red Hat® Certified System Administrator ( Syllabus for RHEL 7 )
According to Red Hat, a certified system administrator (RHCSA) should be able to perform below task without any issue.
- Operate running systems, including booting into different run levels, identifying processes, starting and stopping virtual machines, and controlling services.
- Configure local storage using partitions and logical volumes.
- Create and configure file systems and file system attributes, such as permissions, encryption, access control lists, and network file systems.
- Deploy, configure, and maintain systems, including software installation, update, and core services.
- Manage users and groups, including use of a centralized directory for authentication.
- Manage security, including basic firewall and SELinux configuration. | <urn:uuid:f1968292-ed71-4648-a85d-d54bda141799> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nintedu.com/rhce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.851193 | 164 | 2 | 2 |
Did you know that bad audio in videos you make doesn’t just make your video projects sound bad – they even make you sound bad. No really. In a psychological study, researchers found that of the two presenters who provided the exact same information, the one who got bad audio was rated as less likable and less intelligent than the other who presented with perfect audio.
Speechnow ensures that users never have to post a video with audio problems again. By using AI, Speechnow enables users to generate computer voice recordings in a handful of simple steps.
Using advanced algorithms, Speechnow customers can create a voice with up to 800 different variations in languages, dialects and more. Just type your text, click Save and wait for the app to create a special natural-sounding human voice to bring content like eBooks, PDFs and more to life.
Export to various audio formats such as MP3, WAV, OGG and WEB3 while also working seamlessly with the most popular video editing software such as Mac iMovie, Lumen, Avid Pro Tools, Ableton, Camtasia and more.
Lifetime access to the Speechnow True to Life AI Text to Speech software normally costs a whopping $3,300, but now you can look into this sneaky powerful digital creation tool for over 90 percent off, down to just $29.99 .
Prices are subject to change
Speechnow™ True to Life AI Text-to-Speech SN001: Lifetime Subscription – $29.99 | <urn:uuid:03b85189-e305-426c-85ac-166ac3db3ea3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://appsixty.com/this-brilliant-app-can-turn-your-text-into-a-smooth-ai-driven-voice-for-thousands-off-the-regular-price/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.91458 | 322 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Cointelegraph reviews JPMorgan’s changing attitude to blockchain over the past few years.
Multinational investment bank JPMorgan Chase has had a chequered relationship with cryptocurrencies over the years. While it has maintained an apparent apathy toward Bitcoin and the likes, the financial institution has openly embraced blockchain technology and is actively using it in various internal projects.
This has come to the fore in August 2018, as chief information officer Lori Beer made a bold statement in an interview, claiming that blockchain technology ‘will replace’ existing financial systems in the next few years.
Beer’s sentiments come at an interesting time, especially considering JPMorgan’s yin-and-yang attitude towards decentralized ledger technology (DLT).
Blockchain technology underpins the existence of cryptocurrencies, which have multiplied in number and applications since Bitcoin was birthed in 2009. Therefore, it is worth taking a trip down memory lane to understand the juxtaposition between the company’s attitude toward cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
JPMorgan’s love/hate relationship with crypto
As has been the case with most financial institutions, the emergence of cryptocurrencies has been met with a certain element of trepidation. Some have been more accepting than others, but JPMorgan has had one of the more interesting stories to tell.
The company hasn’t been overly opposed to the notion of cryptocurrencies, but its leadership — CEO Jamie Dimon, in particular — has been nothing short of hypercritical over the past few years. As we will delve into, this has caused a contrasting narrative in terms of the company’s projects and exploits in the space when compared with the opinions of Dimon.
As a founding member of the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA), JPMorgan’s development of Quorum is aligned with the mandate of the EEA, which aims to bring privacy, scalability and security to the Ethereum blockchain. This is directly aimed at enterprises that want to control the accessibility and use of data through a blockchain system.
Quorum’s blockchain looks to provide data privacy to companies, using the Ethereum network to validate transactions, which was described in the opening paragraph of the white paper:
“Though the design is simple, the solution preserves many of the key attributes of Ethereum, such as ensuring every node on the network participates in and increases the overall security of the entire network while only revealing the details of private transactions to those party to the transaction.”
Quorum uses cryptography to protect sensitive data, only allowing those with the necessary permission to access certain transaction data.
Almost a year-and-a-half later, on April 20, 2018, JPMorgan finally tested the Quorum blockchain with a number of high-profile banks participating.
JPMorgan is even considering divorcing Quorum from the company, in an effort to make the platform more accessible to the markets. A barrier to entry is the fact that market competitors are unlikely to use a platform that is run by a competitor bank.
As cryptocurrencies endured a humbling correction in the months after Bitcoin’s all-time high in December 2017, JPMorgan — among other banks — stopped processing cryptocurrency purchases with its credit cards, citing the volatility of the markets.
By the end of February, the bank delivered its annual report to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The report added cryptocurrencies to its sections on ‘Risk Factors’ and ‘Competition,’ illustrating the disruptive aspects of the space.
The company told the SEC that the emergence of cryptocurrencies would require the bank to spend more money adapting its products to appease clients and customers, with the possibility of the bank eventually losing market share:
“Both financial institutions and their non-banking competitors face the risk that payment processing and other services could be disrupted by technologies, such as cryptocurrencies, that require no intermediation.”
In May 2018, the company announced the creation of the position of a head of crypto assets strategy at the company. The post was immediately filled, with Oliver Harris the man in charge of leading the company’s new cryptocurrency projects. It is understood that Harris’ position would not involve the trading of cryptocurrencies, but rather investigating the use of cryptocurrency and blockchain services that could benefit JPMorgan’s processes.
Around the same time, vice president Daniel Pinto said the company was looking into the Bitcoin space — admitting interest in the futures markets in an interview with CNBC. Pinto went as far as saying they would clear Bitcoin futures if they had to, while also saying that cryptocurrencies faced a number challenges:
“I have no doubt that in one way or another, the technology will play a role. [Regarding Bitcoin], you cannot have something where the business proposition is to be anonymous and to be the currency for unknown activities. That will have a very short life because people will stop believing in it, or the regulators will kill it. I think the concept is valid [and that’s why] you have many central banks looking into. The tokenization of the economy, for me, is real. Cryptocurrencies are real but not in the current form.”
JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon has long been a harsh critic of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. Dimon’s dissenting attitude dates back to 2015, when he said that Bitcoin would be stopped and that blockchain “is like any other technology.” Furthermore, Dimon made it clear that the bank would use the underlying technology to better its own systems:
“If it is cheaper, effective, works and secure, then we are going to use it. The technology will be used, and it could be used to transport currency — but it will be dollars, not Bitcoins.”
Dimon’s most infamous critique of Bitcoin came in September 2017, when he labelled the cryptocurrency a fraud. The JPMorgan CEO went as far as threatening to fire employees that were offering to trade cryptocurrencies on behalf of their clients.
Dimon’s commentary on the subject ebbed and flowed in the following months, as his own views on the sector were seemingly at odds with the plans of the company. Dimon went as far as saying he wouldn’t make any more comments on Bitcoin, with JPMorgan adopting an ‘open-minded’ approach to cryptocurrencies.
In the lead up to the launch of the first-ever Bitcoin futures contracts in December by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the company even considered facilitating access to trading futures.
JPMorgan global market strategist Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou furthered the dividing opinions between the company and its CEO, writing in a note to investors that the launch of Bitcoin futures would drive the legitimization of the cryptocurrency:
“The prospective launch of Bitcoin futures contracts by established exchanges in particular has the potential to add legitimacy and thus increase the appeal of the cryptocurrency market to both retail and institutional investors.”
Dimon seemingly changed his tune in 2018, saying he was not really interested in the subject in a January interview, while admitting he regretted his 2017 ‘fraud’ remarks.
A few weeks later, at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Dimon told Cointelegraph that he ‘was not a skeptic’ of cryptocurrencies.
After a number of months out the spotlight, Dimon made headlines earlier this month, reportedly calling Bitcoin a ‘scam,’ before reiterating he was not interested in the subject during a gala speech.
Dimon was quoted as saying government would move to shut down cryptocurrencies due to a lack of control over the space. This followed an interview with the Harvard Business Review, in which Dimon said that JPMorgan was testing blockchain technology for use in a wide range of applications within the company.
Winds of change
Dimon’s headline grabbing statements have somewhat taken away from the work being done at the global financial institution.
As previously mentioned, the company’s CIO Lori Beer has painted a more accurate picture of the company’s stance on blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies.
Her statements of blockchain’s impending adoption and the effect it will have on a global scale cannot be understated and seems to be a big driving force in JPMorgan’s Quorum project.
As Beer said, the company needed to create a blockchain platform that serves the needs of the company and its many clients:
“We are currently following many paths. We invented a blockchain with an open code based on Ethereum. Actual blockchain technology has not yet resolved issues with privacy and scalability that we needed. We are connected to Hyperledger and Enterprise Ethereum Alliance. The application of this technology in business is more important to us than the technology itself. We are looking not only for cost reduction, but also for opportunities to develop new products.”
The CIO also said that JPMorgan is ‘evaluating’ the current state of the cryptocurrency space, while making it clear that it would only support regulated markets and currencies.
While this doesn’t take the company any closer to being actively involved in the cryptocurrency markets, its appetite for development of blockchain says a lot about the underpinning technology and the promise it has for the financial world.
Source: Cointelegraph https://cointelegraph.com/ | <urn:uuid:d5d7963c-ca6c-4bac-b866-1e769fc9ca97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://o3n.com/2018/08/29/jpmorgans-balancing-act-between-blockchain-and-crypto/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959097 | 1,918 | 1.6875 | 2 |
- “"Oh, Peter, what a hero!"”
Peter is an adventurous boy who wants to go wolf hunting, but his grandfather forbids him to go. However, Peter manages to sneak outside with his popgun when he finds his grandfather asleep. He shows great fear when he first comes face-to-face with the wolf and mourns with the rest of the gang when the wolf supposedly eats Sonia. He later shows bravery by lowering down Ivan with a rope to save Sasha from getting eaten by the wolf.
Peter first appears when he goes off to find the wolf with his popgun. When he is stopped, scolded, and spanked by his grandfather, who forbids him to go wolf hunting, his cap and popgun are taken from him. However, as soon as his grandfather falls asleep in his chair by the fireplace, he manages to get his things back and sneak outside. He later befriends Sasha, Sonia, and Ivan, who accompany him on his wolf hunt. He panics when he first encounters the wolf, and inadvertently shoots its nose with his popgun before fleeing from it. He mourns with the rest of the gang when the wolf supposedly eats Sonia, and later shows bravery when he lowers down Ivan with a rope, which he ties to the wolf's tail to save Sasha from getting eaten. When Sasha later brings back some hunters, they notice that Peter and Ivan have already captured the wolf. Peter can be seen leading the victory parade at the end of the segment.
Peter made a cameo appearance during the final scenes with the toons.
Peter appears in Once Upon a Time, played by Jesse Hutch. In the show's version of the story, he was the son of a blacksmith, and grows up in the same village with the Little Red Riding Hood. They are close childhood friends, and their friendship eventually blossoms into romance. Both have plans to one day leave the village and see the world together. At a certain point, in the canonical novel Red's Untold Tale, he becomes the new owner of Copper after Amos Slade's death. When a wolf attack on the village is coming, Peter is volunteered to hunt the beast. However, the wolf is Red who kills him. Years later, after gaining control of the wolf inside through the help of her villainous mother Anita, Red mentioned what happened to Peter to later love interests Victor Frankenstein and Dorothy Gale, as well as Mulan and Merida.
- Joe from the Melody Time segment Once Upon a Wintertime looks like an adult Peter.
- Peter is represented in the music by a string quartet.
- Also, his trusty popgun is represented by a "pop" sound. | <urn:uuid:28089812-3252-4564-a286-2ab7dadf27ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Peter_(Make_Mine_Music) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.983988 | 569 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Felix was the second major hurricane (category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) of the season. It remained over the open waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, but briefly threatened the Azores Islands.
a. Synoptic History
Felix developed from a tropical wave and associated weak surface low that crossed the African coast on 5 September. The wave and low pressure area tracked westward for the next two days. On 6 September, QuikSCAT satellite wind data indicated that a surface circulation near the wave axis had become better defined. Deep convection continued to increase and weak banding features developed later that day as the system tracked a few hundred miles south of the Cape Verde Islands. By early 7 September, QuikSCAT satellite wind data and nearby ship observations indicated the low pressure system had become better defined with westerly winds of 12 to 17 mph noted about 120 nautical miles southwest of the low-level center. Deep convection became more centralized and banding features became more pronounced in visible satellite imagery. Dvorak satellite intensity estimates indicated the system had developed into Tropical Depression Seven at 1200 UTC that same day about 360 nautical miles southwest of the Cape Verde Islands.
Tropical Depression Seven tracked rapidly westward between 21 to 23 mph for the next day or so. Despite the otherwise favorable upper-level ridging across the system, the depression failed to develop any further. It is surmised that the rapid westward motion may have been associated with a low-level shear condition, which resulted in the deep convection becoming displaced farther to the east of the low-level center. Another possibility, based on satellite water vapor and AMSU (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit) temperature data, is that the surrounding environment was more stable than usual, which could also have been an inhibiting factor to maintaining persistent deep convection near the center. By 1800 UTC on 8 September, convection became disorganized and QuikSCAT surface wind data, plus a few ship reports, indicated that Tropical Depression Seven had degenerated into a northeast-to-southwest oriented open wave about 650 nautical miles west-southwest of the Cape Verde Islands.
The wave tracked westward at around 17 mph for the next 36 hours. An unfavorable vertical shear pattern developed across the system when an upper-level trough amplified southward into the deep tropics to the west of the wave. Eventually, the southwesterly upper-level shear relaxed enough to allow for the redevelopment of deep convection near the mid-level vorticity center late on 9 September. By 0600 UTC 10 September, conventional satellite data suggested that a closed surface circulation had reformed and the system became again Tropical Depression Seven. A QuikSCAT overpass at 0816 UTC confirmed the existence of a broad cyclonic circulation in the surface wind field.
Tropical Depression Seven tracked west-northwestward and maintained a steady intensity of 35 mph for the next 24 hours. By 1200 UTC 11 September, the depression had acquired more convective banding features and satellite intensity estimates indicated the system had become Tropical Storm Felix.
The cyclone gradually turned northwestward and slowly intensified, reaching hurricane strength around 0000 UTC on 13 September. Shortly after reaching hurricane status, Felix underwent a period of rapid intensification (RI) in which the cyclone strengthened 35 mph in an 18 h period. It is estimated that Felix reached a peak intensity of 115 mph around 0000 UTC 14 September, when it was situated about 1400 miles southwest of the Azores Islands. It maintained that intensity until 0600 UTC, after which it began to recurve to the northeast and gradually turned more eastward ahead of an approaching mid-latitude trough.
Shortly after reaching its peak intensity, Felix began to weaken at a slow but steady pace as upper-level westerly shear began to increase. Late on 16 September, Felix turned northeastward and began moving over much cooler water. The cyclone weakened to tropical storm status at 1200 UTC 17 September, when it stalled about 350 miles southwest of the Azores. Increasing upper-level northwesterly shear and cold upwelling (as indicated by sea-surface temperature reports from nearby buoys and ships) caused Felix to weaken more rapidly as it drifted southward over its cold wake. It weakened to a depression at 1800 UTC 18 September and dissipated at 0000 UTC on 19 September, when it was about 400 miles southwest of the Azores Islands.
b. Meteorological Statistics
The period of rapid intensification that occurred is not unusual for a tropical cyclone that moves through a weakness in the subtropical ridge. Once on or just north of the ridge axis, the upper-level shear is usually at a minimum, which allows for the inner-core circulations to become more vertically aligned. As often is the case during RI periods, the eye diameter of Felix at the end of the RI cycle had contracted down to nearly half its original size. It also worth noting that the first indication of an eye in the microwave data became evident several hours before it appeared in conventional satellite imagery.
Pressure reports from drifting buoys 41644 and 44765 were critical in determining the strength of Felix since satellite intensity estimates became less reliable once the cyclone began to lose its central deep convection and overall convective organization.
There were no reports of tropical storm force winds in the Azores Islands because Felix rapidly weakened and eventually turned southwestward away from the islands.
c. Casualty and Damage Statistics
No reports of damage or casualties associated with Hurricane Felix were received by the National Hurricane Center.
Intensity For Hurricane Felix | <urn:uuid:d74eb503-5665-4bbc-a7c2-3e67b25c7bda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hurricanecentral.freeservers.com/Prelim_Reports/2001_Felix.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.964567 | 1,178 | 3.25 | 3 |
You are what you eat. Using food as your secret weapon for peak performance helps:
- Boost your concentration
- Reduce tiredness
- Improved focus, critical thinking and performance
- Reduces mood swings
- Improves energy levels
- Reduces the risk of you getting sick or developing lifestyle diseases
- Reduces anxiety and stress
- Improves self – esteem and self – worth
It can be simple to make small changes that over time add up to a significant shift in your energy, performance and even your clothing size!
Follow these guidelines:-
- Include protein always – keeps you full, sugars regular and focussed.
- Be portion savvy – use smaller bowls and plates
- Ditch the processed/starch heavy foods – your body doesn’t need it.
- Satisfying – you have to enjoy what you’re eating | <urn:uuid:e6146800-5f45-4013-8b5a-96f5484ca8a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.accountablerecruitment.com.au/tag/staff/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.914327 | 177 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Types of Counseling
Counseling is a process that helps you learn skills and develop a new perspective in order to cope with changes and/or difficulties that are going on in your life. You will be able to manage the storms in your life and reach your desired direction with confidence and steadiness.
Your therapist will take direction from you in a treatment plan in which you identify the problems you want to work on and the goals you want to accomplish.
Learning about yourself in counseling can help you identify patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and emotions that are causing you pain. We help with the following:
- A loss of self through depression or anxiety
- A chronic or terminal illness
- The death or loss of a loved one
- Loss of employment or income
- Substance Abuse
- Suicidal thoughts
- An abusive relationship
- Survivor’s guilt
According to Dr. John Gottman, less than 5% of divorcing couples seek marriage counseling. The average couple waits six years before seeking help for marital problems. Keeping in mind the fact that half of all marriages fail in the first seven years, the average couple lives for far too long with unhappiness.
If you are struggling with your relationship and you and your partner have been unable to resolve the issues, counseling can help you get “unstuck.” Couple counseling is about learning skills in order to have a successful relationship. You and your partner will learn the following:
- Ways to communicate better
- How to argue in a healthier way
- How to resolve conflict and problem solve in a productive manner
- How to express, disclose and resolve painful emotions
- How to state your needs clearly and openly within your relationship
- How to work through unresolved issues
- How to identify possible addiction and substance use
- How to negotiate for change within your relationship
CHILDREN & ADOLESCENTS
At CCOEA we work with children as young as the age of 2. We will also work with you to help build your capacity for parenting and your ability to cope with your child’s behavior. According to the American academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, these are warning signs that indicate your child is having difficulty and may benefit from therapy:
- Changes in school performance such as dropping grades, missing homework and skipping school
- Excessive worry or anxiety
- Loss of interest in usual activities
- Changes in sleeping habits, nightmares
- Mood changes
- Dangerous or illegal behavior including alcohol and substance use
- Fighting or episodes of anger
Feelings of worth can flourish only in an atmosphere where individual differences are appreciated, mistakes are tolerated, communication is open, and rules are flexible—the kind of atmosphere that is found in a nurturing family. Virginia Satir
Family therapy addresses routines that have become burdensome, breakdowns in communication, and extreme emotional reactions. It is a process that goes beyond hearing each member talk about family problems. It focuses instead on providing tools and experiences that can change patterns of relating, hierarchies, unspoken needs, unconscious expectations, intolerance, and repressed resentment.
One misconception about group therapy is that members take turns receiving individual therapy from the therapist while others observe.
What actually happens is that members are actually encouraged to turn to each other for support, feedback, and connection, instead of getting all of that from the clinician. Here are five specific benefits of group therapy.
- It helps you realize you’re not alone. When we believe that our problems are unique it isolates and alienates us. In a group we learn that in fact there are many who struggle with the same issues we believe are only ours.
- It facilitates giving and receiving support.
- It helps you find your “voice.” Participation in a group helps you become aware of your own feelings and needs and learn to express them.
- It helps you relate to others (and yourself) in healthier ways. In a group we get to see our difficulties in relationships when we see how our behaviors and words impact others. It is easier to take feedback from people who are not permanently in our lives and may help us see where it is we have difficulty with our friends and family.
- It provides a safety net. We can take risks in a group we may not otherwise be willing to take in our circle of family and friends.
Not everyone is ready for group therapy however. It takes strength and some recognition of the needs of others to function well in a group.
Expressive Methods of Counseling
Our licensed counselors and therapists can determine what modality to use to help each individual grow. Each of our counselors are experts in talk therapy and their additional individual skills may include play therapy, child-parent relationship therapy, expressive arts therapy, art therapy, and sand tray therapy.
Expressing their emotions, pain, or fears in words does not come naturally to children. Their natural medium is play and activity. While using toys, they create a world in which they can freely express what is going on inside them.
Through play, children gain knowledge and understanding of themselves, others, and the physical world around them. They learn to trust and self-regulate. They learn about boundaries, limits, and consequences. Play therapy differs from regular play in that the therapist helps children to address and resolve their own problems.
CHILD-PARENT RELATIONSHIP TRAINING
In our experience, parenting is one of the most difficult jobs in the world. Yet there is no curriculum, no handbook we can pull out when we get in trouble as parents. We depend on our experience with our own parents, even though many of us swear we will “never” do as our parents have done.
Child-Parent Relationship Training is a service we offer that gives you some simple and effective tools for parenting. Through this method parents or caregivers can improve their relationship with their children as well as increase communication.
We work with a group of about 6-8 parents, often referred by our counselors. Parents use basic play therapy skills to learn to listen, recognize, and respond to a child’s feelings. They also learn how to set limits while building a child’s self-esteem. We facilitate this specialized training through 10 sessions. These sessions are designed to help you learn how to communicate effectively, set limits, and regain control.
Expressive art utilizes not just visual arts but movement, drama, music, writing, and other creative processes. It is a process of discovering ourselves through any art form that comes from an emotional depth. In therapy we are not concerned about the aesthetics or craftsmanship of the visual art, the grammar and style of the writing, or the harmonic flow of the song.
We use the arts to let go, to express, and to release. Also, we gain insight by studying the symbolic and metaphoric messages. Our art speaks back to us if we take the time to let those messages in.
Although interesting and sometimes dramatic products emerge, we leave the aesthetics and the craft to those who wish to pursue the arts professionally. Expressive arts are focused on the internal process of the individual, family or group.
Art therapy asks you to explore your inner experience—your feelings, perceptions, and imagination. While art therapy may involve learning skills or art techniques, the emphasis is generally first on developing and expressing images that come from inside you, rather than those in the outside world. Art therapy uses art media, images, and the creative process. What you “create” in a session is often a reflection of your interests, concerns, conflicts, personality, and abilities. Art can often be used to reconcile emotional conflicts. It also fosters self-awareness, develops social skills, reduces anxiety, and increases self-esteem.
You do NOT have to be an artist to participate!
SAND TRAY THERAPY
Sand tray therapy is a therapeutic modality for both children and adults. This method allows the child or adult to build a three-dimensional world with a wide assortment of miniature figures in a tray of sand in the presence of a counselor.
We not only think in words, but in images as well. The use of the sand and the miniatures activates symbolic thinking. This allows the client to engage in nonverbal thinking – letting emotions, perceptions, struggles, and conflicts emerge into awareness. As these insights are understood and resolved, an increased capacity for self-expression, self-awareness, and communication can be developed. | <urn:uuid:311d9a89-d6de-44dd-9f6c-a90918f4eeee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ccoea.com/how/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.950682 | 1,785 | 2.625 | 3 |
Building functional synthetic cells from the bottom up is an ongoing effort by scientists around the world. Its use in studying cellular mechanisms in a highly controlled and predefined environment creates great value for understanding nature and developing new therapeutic approaches. Scientists from the 2nd Physics Institute at the University of Stuttgart and colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research were now able to take the next step towards synthetic cells.
They introduced functional DNA-based cytoskeletons into cell-sized compartments. Cytoskeletons are essential components of any cell that control their shape, internal organization, and other vital functions such as the transport- of molecules between different parts of the cell. When incorporating the cytoskeletons into the synthetic droplets, the researchers also showed functionality, including the transport of molecules or assembly and disassembly at certain triggers. The results were recently published in natural chemistry†
Challenge to mimic cytoskeletal functions
The cytoskeleton is a crucial part of any cell and is made up of several proteins. In addition to the basic function of giving the cell its shape, it is essential for many cellular processes like cell division, intracellular transport of various molecules and motility in response to external signaling. Because of its importance in natural systems, being able to mimic its functionality in an artificial setup is an important step towards building and designing a synthetic cell. However, it poses many challenges due to its diverse requirements, including stability, as well as rapid adaptability and responsiveness to triggers.
Synthetic biology researchers have previously used DNA nanotechnology to recreate cellular components, such as DNA-based mimics of ion channels or cell-to-cell linkers. To do this, they take advantage of the fact that DNA can be programmed or manipulated to self-assemble into a pre-planned shape through complementary base pairing.
DNA filaments as a synthetic cytoskeleton
“Synthetic DNA structures can enable very specific and programmed tasks as well as versatile design possibilities beyond what is available with the biologically defined tools. In particular, the structural organization of the DNA structures can differ from their natural counterparts, even possibly greater than the functionality of the natural systems,” said Laura Na Liu, professor at the 2nd Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart.
In addition, researchers Paul Rothemund, Elisa Franco and Rebecca Schulman had already succeeded in assembling DNA into micron-scale filaments, which form the basis for building a cytoskeleton. Since then, these filaments have been equipped with various functions, such as mounting and dismounting during external stimulation or in a compartment. Scientists from the University of Stuttgart and the MPI for Medical Research have now taken the next step to build an artificial cell, by using the filaments as a synthetic cytoskeleton and giving them different functionalities.
“It’s exciting that we can also activate the assembly of the DNA cytoskeleton with ATP – the same molecule that cells use to drive different mechanisms,” said Kerstin Göpfrich, Max Planck Research Group Leader at the MPI for Medical Research.
Accelerate vesicle transport
In addition, the team of scientists was able to induce the transport of vesicles along the filaments using the burnt-bridge mechanism introduced by Khalid Salaita. This mimics the transport of vesicles along parts of the natural environment cytoskeleton in cells called microtubules. “Compared to transport in living cells, transport along our DNA filaments is still slow. Accelerating it will be a challenge in the future,” said Kevin Jahnke, co-author of the paper and postdoc in Kerstin’s group. Göpfrich at the MPIMR.
Pengfei Zhan, postdoc in the group led by Prof. Laura Na Liu in Stuttgart, adds: “It was also a challenge to refine the energy landscapes of the assembly and disassembly capabilities of the filaments of the DNA nanostructure.” In the future, even more functionalization of the DNA filaments will be crucial to mimic natural cells even better. This allowed researchers to create synthetic cells to study cellular mechanisms in more detail or developing new therapeutic approaches.
Pengfei Zhan et al, Functional DNA-based Cytoskeletons for Synthetic Cells, natural chemistry (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00945-w
University of Stuttgart
Quote: Another Step Toward Synthetic Cells (2022, June 21) Retrieved June 25, 2022 from https://phys.org/news/2022-06-synthetic-cells.html
This document is copyrighted. Other than fair dealing for personal study or research, nothing may be reproduced without written permission. The content is provided for informational purposes only. | <urn:uuid:05e3e7c7-4e5b-484c-a723-ed4fa1315c90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rightturnsonly.com/2022/06/25/another-step-towards-synthetic-cells/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.935973 | 1,012 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Windshields are very critical components in vehicles. Now only do they block the wind, they also protect you from flying debris and hail. Drivers do not realize the importance of having a windshield until their windshield is damaged. While these glass components are very strong and sturdy, they are far from indestructible. Flying rocks are probably the windshield’s biggest nemesis. If the rock strikes your windshield just right, it can cause a chip or a crack that will eventually spider across the entire surface if the issue is not fixed in a timely manner. If you have windshield damage, it is time to learn how you can ask your insurance company to pay for your auto windshield replacement. Before you call the glass company, understand how your insurance works and do not pay for windshields replacement out-of-pocket if you do not have to.
When Will Your Insurance Company Pay to Replace Your Windshield?
When a rock suddenly breaks or cracks your windshield, one of the first things that will go through your mind is “Just how much is this going to cost me?”. In a turbulent economy, consumers are trying to cut costs as much as possible so they can pay their bills and still have money left over for emergencies. While paying for auto windshield replacement is not the emergency you were planning for, it is an emergency nonetheless.
Replacing your windshield does not have to cost you a small fortune if you have the right type of insurance on your vehicle. Unknown to many, insurance policies do have a coverage area specifically for glass breakage. This coverage is called comprehensive and it also covers things like fire, vandalism, and other damages caused by hail and wind. If you carry full coverage on your vehicle or even just comprehensive coverage, your insurer will cover a vehicle claim to repair or replace your existing windshield.
Do You Have to Pay Anything When You Have Comprehensive Coverage?
There will be instances where you do have to pay a small amount out-of-pocket even when you have full coverage on your vehicle. You need to review your policy and see what your comprehensive deductible is. Some policyholders have a $0 deductible and others have a deductible as high as $500. If you have chosen a high $500 deductible, auto windshield replacement will generally cost less and you will pay for the entire replacement out-of-pocket. If your deductible is $50, you will only pay $50 for a new windshield that may have cost you $300 without coverage.
If you are worried about filing a claim for windshields replacement on your policy, do not fret. Insurance companies cannot surcharge you or raise your rates for comprehensive claims. This means you will never be penalized for the claim. Make sure you call a glass company that will file the claim for you so you do not have to deal with any paperwork. Choose the best windshield products and then drive off with a new windshield free of cracks and chips. | <urn:uuid:ef8c0293-8e28-43e3-963c-76f7e49149dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vehiclesservices.net/repairs/will-my-insurance-company-pay-for-my-new-windshield.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.948045 | 592 | 1.554688 | 2 |
When it comes to a healthy lifestyle, diet and exercise go hand in hand. But there’s one missing element to that equation, and that’s sleep. Whether you want to achieve new fitness goals or improve your overall wellbeing, you’ve probably paid close attention to your diet and nutrition. Perhaps you’ve also committed to increasing your step count. But did you know that these food choices and workouts can both be affected by the quality of your sleep? We spoke to the team at TEMPUR® to find out more about the health benefits of sleep and how this can impact your fitness and wellbeing goals.
Supporting your health
Sleep plays a huge role in our health, directly affecting our physical and mental performance. Dedicated to helping people improve their health and wellbeing through sleep, TEMPUR® produces high-quality mattresses, pillows and sleep accessories. Using innovative material and technology, everything is carefully designed to allow your body to recover at night.
This recovery is particularly important for athletes and those who are active, as it can impact performance and fitness goals. Eager to help one group of athletes perform at their best, TEMPUR® has sponsored women’s road cycling team Drops Le Col – and it’s the perfect partnership. Drops Le Col has become the first cycling team to launch a ground-breaking wellness programme to benefit its riders both on and off the bike. The programme will focus on three main pillars, one of which is sleep. Needless to say, the team is very much aware of the impact that good sleep practices can have on performance development, strength, endurance and cognitive function.
As part of its sponsorship, TEMPUR® will be providing the the Drops Le Col team with mattresses and pillows to maximise their quality of sleep to help them succeed on the road. What’s more, they’ll be tracking the team’s sleep routines to highlight the effects of sleep on the cyclists’ psychological and physiological condition. But it’s not only professional athletes who can vastly benefit from a good night’s sleep. In fact, it’s one of the most important aspects of our health, and it could help you achieve your fitness, diet and wellbeing goals.
What are the health benefits of sleep?
A good night’s sleep has various benefits, from increasing your energy, to supporting your mental health. But why do we need sleep?
As humans, sleep helps us to function on all levels. It allows our mind to recharge and our body to restore itself. That means that our brain can properly function each day so we can think clearly, focus and process memories. What’s more, good-quality sleep makes our body better equipped to fight off diseases, ensures muscle growth and recovery, and gives us more energy. So essentially, sleep helps our body to perform at its best.
On average, we need around eight hours of good-quality sleep each night. Some people may need more or less, and those who are more physically active are recommended to get closer to nine hours of sleep.
The impact of lack of sleep
If you’ve ever felt unusually grumpy, couldn’t concentrate at work, or lacked energy in your workouts, lack of sleep could be the culprit. So why is lack of sleep bad for your health?
Sleep deprivation may lead to slower muscle recovery and an increase in production of the stress hormone cortisol. What’s more, following exercise, your muscles rely on growth hormones to repair tears caused during exercise. But a lack of sleep can stop your body’s production of the growth hormone, which in turn can impact muscle strength.
A lack of sleep has also been shown to increase our appetite, leading to over-eating and even obesity. It can also make you more prone to serious medical conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes, and lower your immunity.
How to get a good night’s sleep
While a good night’s rest can have a positive impact on your health, similarly, a healthy diet and exercise can also improve your sleep.
Consider increasing your intake of foods that are rich in serotonin and melatonin, hormones that help to regulate sleeping habits. This includes nuts such as almonds, walnuts and cashews as well as kiwis, cherries and milk.
Exercising can also help to boost your sleep quality. As little as 30 minutes of aerobic exercise each day could be all you need. While it was previously advised to avoid working out too close to bedtime, more recent studies have suggested that evening exercise is perfectly fine. However, it’s best to work out at least one hour before bedtime, and avoid anything too strenuous.
If you’re wondering how to get to sleep, a healthy sleep environment and relaxing evening routine could help significantly.
A high-quality mattress and pillow as well as appropriate bedding could all help you achieve a deep sleep. These should not only be comfortable, but also supportive, allowing your body to rest in various sleeping positions. You could also consider other sleep accessories, such as a contour leg pillow or eye mask.
It’s also worth adopting a few key habits that will prepare your body and mind for rest.
- Decrease your exposure to bright lights in the lead-up to your bedtime. Dim the lights around your home and in your bedroom as a darkened room creates the best environment for sleeping. This includes blue light, too, so avoid looking at screens at least 30 minutes before you go to bed.
- Leave your worries out of the bedroom. It’s easy to lay awake thinking about things such as work, family, money or your to-do list. To avoid worrying about these at night, try writing them down before you head to bed. Leave them somewhere to remind yourself in the morning, when you can tackle tasks with a rested mind and body.
- Choose the right mattress to help you sleep better. Even with the best bedtime routine, if you have an uncomfortable mattress, you’ll still wake up tossing and turning. Invest in a good-quality mattress that provides your body the support that it needs.
The health benefits of using sleep aids
One of the key health benefits of sleep is that as we dose, our muscles are at their most relaxed. While this is the optimum time for them to recover, they also need plenty of support. That’s why having a high-quality mattress is so important. TEMPUR® mattresses are designed with advanced TEMPUR® Material that was devised by NASA to cushion astronauts from G-forces. In fact, it’s the only mattress company in the world to be certified by the International Space Foundation!
So what makes it so unique? The innovative mattress material responds to the temperature of your body, as well as its shape and weight. That means that your body is getting the optimum amount of comfort and support each night. Various clinical trials have also shown that some forms of TEMPUR® Material relieve pressure from key areas such as the back, hips and shoulders. This can help to alleviate pain and reduce discomfort, reduce tossing and turning, and allow you to enjoy a deep sleep.
TEMPUR® offers a unique mattress in that it provides a deep and restorative sleep by responding to your body’s temperature, weight and shape. Featuring the innovative TEMPUR® Material, they offer all-round pressure relief, motion absorption and are low maintenance so don’t require any turning. The range includes mattresses of various degrees of firmness, and feature washable covers.
With a variety of shapes, sizes and feels, TEMPUR®’s pillow range are designed for individual sleep needs. So whether you sleep on your back, side or front, you’ll find a pillow that offers optimum comfort and support for your head, neck and shoulders.
With a selection of luxury accessories for work, rest and travel, the TEMPUR® Home & Travel range includes mattress toppers and protectors, travel pillows, sheets and quilts. You can also find contoured pillows designed to relieve pressure from trigger areas and ease aches and pains.
From improving your athletic performance to boosting your mental wellbeing, the health benefits of sleep are varied. Together with a well-balanced diet, regular exercise and healthy lifestyle habits, a good night’s rest could be key to achieving your goals, and TEMPUR® is here to help.
This article was created by Health & Wellbeing for TEMPUR® | <urn:uuid:929a81f0-d13f-41cc-b92c-a5224678a587> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthwellbeing.com/health-benefits-of-sleep/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956766 | 1,785 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Understanding Educator Perspectives of French Language Instruction in Play-Based Kindergarten
MetadataShow full item record
This study examined issues related to additional language acquisition in French Immersion play-based kindergarten contexts, from the perspective of educators. Little is currently known about the impacts of play-based kindergarten on children in French Immersion programs in Ontario; the Kindergarten Curriculum does not address specific considerations with regards to Immersion students. The overarching research question for the study (RQ1) asks: How do play-based kindergarten programs impact student acquisition of French language skills, as perceived by French Immersion educators? Two additional sub-questions, (RQ2 and RQ3), guide this study. RQ2 asks: How do French Immersion kindergarten teachers and ECEs plan for and deliver meaningful French language instruction within a play-based setting? RQ3 asks: Which specific French language outcomes do educators expect kindergarten children to have achieved by the end of kindergarten? This study followed a basic qualitative design, using an online qualitative questionnaire to collect data. Participants included a purposeful sample of French Immersion kindergarten teachers (10) and early childhood educators (3) from one board in eastern Ontario. General inductive analysis was used to analyse responses. Findings indicate that educators are purposeful and intentional in teaching the French language, and there is a fine balance between direct instruction and play-based learning. A wide variety of approaches to play-based learning and additional language acquisition were described by participants, suggesting a need for consistent, clear expectations for educators. Ongoing professional learning for educators is needed. Future research is recommended to study an ideal entry point for early immersion programs.
URI for this recordhttp://hdl.handle.net/1974/28958
Request an alternative formatIf you require this document in an alternate, accessible format, please contact the Queen's Adaptive Technology Centre
The following license files are associated with this item: | <urn:uuid:c1a3710d-bd1d-4c24-bcd5-01db1403af54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/28958 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.92507 | 408 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)
Acoustic neuromas, also known as vestibular schwannomas, are noncancerous tumors that grow in the ear, and that can affect hearing and balance. Otolaryngology–head and neck surgeon Francis Creighton, M.D., and neurosurgeon Christopher Jackson, M.D., offer insights about these rare tumors and their treatment options.
What You Need to Know
- Acoustic neuromas affect men and women equally, and most frequently develop in people while in their 40s or 50s. These tumors are much less common in children, but when present in children, they are often associated with a genetic disorder called neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2).
- The most common symptom of acoustic neuromas, occurring in 90% of patients, is hearing loss on the side of the acoustic neuroma.
- Acoustic neuroma is diagnosed using a hearing test (audiogram) and imaging (MRI).
- Treatment can include observation (watching and waiting), surgery or radiation.
- Other names for acoustic neuroma or vestibular schwannoma include acoustic schwannoma, vestibular neuroma, auditory neuroma and inner ear tumor.
What is acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)?
Acoustic neuromas are noncancerous, usually slow growing tumors that form along the branches of the eighth cranial nerve (also called the vestibulocochlear nerve). This nerve leads from the brain to the inner ear and branches into divisions that play important roles in both hearing and balance.
Acoustic neuromas arise from Schwann cells, which wrap around and support nerve fibers, hence the name vestibular schwannoma. Schwannomas can occur on any cranial or peripheral nerve in the body, but in the brain, acoustic neuromas are the most common schwannomas.
Acoustic neuromas typically begin growing where the central nervous system transitions into the peripheral nervous system, called the porus acusticus.
Are acoustic neuromas dangerous?
Many acoustic neuromas do not grow, and though not always, most that do grow tend to do so slowly. They typically do not invade and destroy tissue like cancerous tumors do. However, they can cause symptoms as they grow and push on important surrounding structures.
A growing acoustic neuroma can cause compression of the nerves that enable facial sensation and movement of the facial muscles. With larger tumors, compression of the nerves important for swallowing, speaking and eye movement can occur.
Even if acoustic neuroma is not growing, it can cause worsening hearing loss and balance function.
If a growing acoustic neuroma is left untreated, it can cause a dangerous buildup of fluid in the brain or it can compress the cerebellum and brain stem, which can be life threatening. This is rare for patients whose tumors are properly diagnosed and treated.
Acoustic Neuroma Survival Rate
Though acoustic neuromas can cause lasting problems, such as hearing loss, death from these tumors is rare if they are properly diagnosed and treated.
Types of Acoustic Neuromas (Vestibular Schwannomas)
There are two types of acoustic neuromas:
- Sporadic, unilateral acoustic neuromas. These tumors only grow on one side of the body in 95% of patients. They occur from sporadic (sudden), nonhereditary mutations. These unilateral acoustic neuromas may develop at any age, but most commonly occur in people between the ages of 30 and 60.
- Genetic, bilateral acoustic neuromas. Acoustic neuromas on both sides of the body only occur in people who have the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 2, a mutation in chromosome 22 that affects the gene responsible for production of Schwann cells. These patients often have other schwannoma-like tumors throughout the body, and treatments for these tumors are often different from the treatment for unilateral tumors.
Acoustic Neuroma Symptoms
Hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus and other symptoms of an acoustic neuroma can be caused by other, more common ear problems, and it is important to consult a doctor for a diagnosis. Because acoustic neuromas often grow on the balance and hearing nerve, the most common symptoms they cause are:
One-sided Hearing Loss
Over 90% of people with acoustic neuromas develop some degree of one-sided (unilateral) hearing loss. People with this type of hearing loss may have difficulty hearing in noisy settings and locating where a sound is coming from. If a person tends to hold a phone to a certain ear or has a hard time following conversation in a crowded room, these may be signs of hearing loss.
The hearing loss usually gets worse over the years and may lead to total deafness in one ear. In some people (about 5% of patients), hearing loss may develop suddenly. The loss may be partial or total, and spontaneous recovery is possible. Sudden hearing loss may be the first event that leads to a diagnosis, or it may occur months or years before the tumor is discovered.
Hearing loss can occur from compression or infiltration of the tumor on the hearing nerve, or from secretion of substances toxic to hearing. It can affect the range of sounds heard, as well as the clarity of sound. Hearing loss can occur even if the tumor is not growing.
A small portion of patients with acoustic neuroma may not yet have hearing loss from the tumor. Mild hearing loss due to an acoustic neuroma might not even be noticeable, which can result in a delayed diagnosis.
People with an acoustic neuroma might have a sensation of fullness in the ear, as if water is in it. This sensation is typically caused by the hearing loss from the tumor.
Noise in the Ear (Tinnitus)
Tinnitus is a very common symptom of acoustic neuromas and many other inner ear conditions. People with acoustic neuromas may experience a high-pitched tone in the ear affected by the tumor. In other cases, the tinnitus can sound like hissing, buzzing or roaring — like when putting a seashell to the ear.
While most patients with acoustic neuromas have both tinnitus and hearing loss in one ear, some may experience tinnitus without losing hearing. Tinnitus can come and go or be constant — with single or multiple tones — and can sound quiet or overwhelmingly loud.
Balance Problems and Vertigo
Because acoustic neuromas arise from the vestibular nerve responsible for balance, unsteadiness or balance problems may be early symptoms of acoustic neuroma. Nearly half of people with acoustic neuromas notice these symptoms, which tend to worsen if the tumor grows. Large acoustic neuromas may compress parts of the cerebellum, which may lead to falls. Patients tend to fall toward the side of the tumor.
The balance system can compensate for the loss of balance, so it may stabilize.
True vertigo (the sensation of spinning or tilting) is not commonly associated with acoustic neuromas, but it can sometimes occur due to tumor growth or bleeding.
Other Signs of Acoustic Neuroma
Acoustic neuromas can also put pressure on other important cranial nerves that are adjacent to where these tumors grow.
- Numbness in the face can result from a tumor pressing on the trigeminal nerve. There may be ongoing or periodic numbness and facial tingling on the side of the acoustic neuroma. Tingling (paresthesia) may be near the corner of the mouth or on the cheek. There may also be eye irritation or redness due to numbness in the eye that prevents appropriate blink reflexes.
- Facial twitching or weakness can result from the tumor pressing on the facial nerve. This can cause twitching (tics or spasms) of the eye, eyebrow, forehead or mouth muscles. Less often, you might notice weakness in the face. Facial weakness often does not occur until acoustic tumors grow quite large, and it is less common at the time of diagnosis.
- Swallowing problems can occur from the tumor pressing on the vagal and hypoglossal nerves. These nerves control several aspects important to swallowing, including sensation in the throat and movement of vocal cords and the tongue.
- Change in taste and tear production is a less common symptom, but it should be evaluated by a doctor. The facial nerve helps control taste and tear formation. Pressure on the nerve can cause dry eye or even unexpected tears, as well as changes in taste perception.
- Headache and pressure: As the acoustic neuroma grows, it can press on the lining of the inside of the skull (the dura). The dura has sensory fibers that can transmit the sensation of the pressure. The headache that results from the acoustic neuroma can be dull or aching, and it is usually on one side of the head. The pain may radiate to the neck or the top or front of the head.
These symptoms can be caused by many other, more common health issues such as cholesteatoma, labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis, and Meniere’s disease. If you have more than a few of these symptoms (especially if they don’t go away or become worse), your doctor can help you decide whether more testing is necessary.
Serious Complications of Acoustic Neuroma
If untreated, an acoustic neuroma can grow large enough to cause pressure on the brain stem. The tumor can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the brain and the spinal cord, causing a buildup of the fluid in the brain.
Webinar: Evaluation and Treatment of Acoustic Neuromas
Neurosurgeon Rafael Tamargo, M.D., gives a detailed overview of acoustic neuromas, symptoms they cause, and how these tumors are diagnosed, evaluated and treated.
Although they are more common in adults, acoustic neuromas can occur in children and teens, and may grow large before they are diagnosed. Children with acoustic neuromas most often have the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 2. In children with this disorder, acoustic neuromas may arise on both sides.
Symptoms of acoustic neuroma in children are usually hearing loss, headache and unsteady gait (ataxia), elevated pressure inside the skull, tinnitus and dizziness. Acoustic neuromas are more likely to grow back in children than in adults if surgery does not remove all of the tumor.
Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma) Diagnosis
Because symptoms of these tumors resemble those of other middle and inner ear conditions, they may be difficult to diagnose. Diagnosis usually starts with an ear examination, a hearing test and imaging. Based on the symptoms, your doctor will help determine if you need a computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is much more sensitive than CT for detecting acoustic neuromas. If your doctor is concerned that you might have this tumor, MRI is the preferred test. Early diagnosis offers the best opportunity for successful treatment.
Acoustic neuroma diagnosis includes:
- Hearing test (audiometry). This is a test of hearing function that measures how well you hear sounds and speech. It is usually the first test performed to diagnose acoustic neuroma. A doctor asks you to listen to sounds and speech while you are wearing earphones attached to a machine that records responses and measures hearing function. If you have an acoustic neuroma, your audiogram may show the following.
- Increased pure tone average (PTA). This metric evaluates how loud a sound frequency needs to be before you hear it.
- Increased speech reception threshold (SRT). This metric evaluates how loud speech needs to be before you hear it. Similar to pure tone average, the higher the score, the worse the hearing.
- Decreased speech discrimination (SD). This metric evaluates how many words you can detect, one ear at a time. The lower the score, the worse the hearing.
- Imaging scans of the head. If other tests point to a possibility of acoustic neuroma, MRI can confirm the diagnosis. MRI with a contrast dye can help pinpoint the tumor. If an acoustic neuroma is present, it will soak up more dye than normal brain tissue and appear clearly on the scan. MRI commonly shows a densely "enhancing" (bright) tumor in the internal auditory canal.
Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma) Causes
Of acoustic neuromas, 95% occur without any specific cause.
Are acoustic neuromas hereditary?
People who have neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) may inherit a genetic tendency to develop acoustic neuromas. Among patients with NF2, acoustic neuromas are typically present on both sides, and symptoms affect both ears. These patients represent about 5% of all patients with acoustic neuromas.
Acoustic Neuroma Treatment
After a diagnosis of an acoustic neuroma, the doctor will determine the best plan of action. The options include the following:
- Surgery to remove the tumor. This is a highly effective treatment for acoustic neuromas. Hearing loss that has already occurred from the tumor cannot be reversed, but the remaining hearing can be preserved in some cases. Surgical tumor removal can often address balance problems, facial numbness and other symptoms.
- Stereotactic radiosurgery. This form of radiation therapy delivers precisely targeted radiation to the tumor while avoiding the surrounding healthy tissue. Radiation does not cause the tumor to go away. Rather, the goal is to stop or slow the growth. Typically, radiation therapy is not recommended for young patients and those with larger tumors.
- Observation. This means waiting and watching, and it can be an option for some patients with acoustic neuroma. Because acoustic neuromas are usually slow growing, immediate intervention is not always necessary. For patients with very small tumors that don’t cause any symptoms, older patients and patients with serious medical problems, the doctor may recommend regular monitoring of the tumor using imaging such as MRI.
Priorities in treating acoustic neuromas are preserving facial nerve function, optimizing hearing outcomes and maintaining quality of life.
Acoustic Neuroma Observation
Acoustic neuromas are noncancerous tumors, so they can often be closely monitored without treatment. After the initial diagnosis, unless the tumor is already very large or is causing significant symptoms, doctors may recommend getting an additional MRI after six to twelve months. This allows you and your doctor to determine if the tumor is growing. Tumors that are small, that are cause minor or no symptoms, and that are not growing can often continue to be observed with regular MRI. If the imaging shows that a tumor is growing, or if the tumor begins to cause significant symptoms, it might be time for treatment.
Acoustic Neuroma Surgery
Modern microsurgical advancements have made acoustic neuroma surgery procedures safer, more effective and easier to recover from.
The goals of surgery are to remove the tumor while preserving the facial nerve’s function. Hearing preservation after surgery for acoustic neuroma is possible but depends on several factors, including how well you hear before the surgery and how big the tumor is. Roughly half of patients with the smallest tumors who have useful hearing before surgery will maintain useful hearing after surgery. Hearing preservation is less likely for larger tumors. The risk of hearing and facial nerve complications after the surgery increases with larger acoustic neuroma size.
Surgeons have developed different approaches to remove acoustic neuromas — the best depends on tumor size and location, patient characteristics and the goals of surgery. The most commonly used approaches are suboccipital, translabyrinthine and middle fossa craniotomy.
- Suboccipital or retrosigmoid craniotomy. During this procedure, the surgeon accesses the acoustic neuroma from the back of the head. It offers the best view of the brainstem, particularly for the nerves involved in swallowing, which can be affected if a tumor is large. This approach is often recommended for patients with larger tumors. It also might preserve hearing for patients with smaller tumors, because the inner ear structures are preserved.
- Translabyrinthine craniotomy. During this procedure, the surgeon removes the bone behind the ear to access the tumor through the inner ear. This provides the best view of the entire length of the facial nerve and can require less retraction of the brain. However, it requires going through the structures of the inner ear and does not allow preservation of hearing. This approach is generally considered for patients who have no functional hearing.
- Middle fossa craniotomy. This is an option for patients with smaller acoustic neuromas and intact hearing. It is generally considered to provide the greatest chance of hearing preservation, but there is a slightly greater risk of facial nerve weakness after the surgery, and it cannot be performed for medium or large size tumors.
Image Guidance and Monitoring During Acoustic Neuroma Surgery
Monitoring of brain and nerve function is a critical part of acoustic neuroma surgery. A team of neurologists and electrophysiologists watches for any changes in facial and hearing nerve activity, as well as for changes in the brain. Being aware of such changes can help the surgeon avoid neurologic complications.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Acoustic Neuroma
Radiosurgery, also called stereotactic radiosurgery, is a noninvasive procedure that uses precisely focused, narrow beams of radiation to treat the acoustic neuroma while limiting the amount of radiation that affects surrounding structures, including the hearing, balance and facial nerves. This form of radiation therapy can reduce the growth of an acoustic neuroma. Doctors may recommend radiosurgery for older patients with acoustic neuromas who might be too fragile to endure more invasive treatment. Radiosurgery may also be used in combination with surgery for large tumors that cannot be removed completely without permanently damaging the facial nerve or other structures.
Some studies report cancers developing within the field of radiation treatment for acoustic neuroma.
What if an acoustic neuroma returns after radiosurgery?
Radiation treatment requires ongoing follow-up and annual scans to watch for tumor regrowth. Parts of the tumor unaffected by the radiation may give rise to new growth. Signs of an acoustic neuroma coming back could include facial muscle weakness and spasms that slowly worsen, and new growth can often be seen on an MRI scan. Few studies have documented the effects of radiation beyond five years.
Repeated radiation for an acoustic neuroma that comes back after radiosurgery is typically unsafe, and the doctor may recommend surgery. Acoustic neuroma surgery after radiotherapy treatment can be complicated by scar tissue (fibrosis) that can make it difficult to separate the tumor from adjacent nerves.
The Johns Hopkins Acoustic Neuroma CenterAs part of one of the world's largest brain tumor centers, The Johns Hopkins Acoustic Neuroma Center offers unmatched expertise in the evaluation, patient education and treatment of acoustic neuromas.
What determines the acoustic neuroma treatment?
Factors such as the tumor size, your age, tumor growth rate and severity of symptoms help the doctor decide which treatment options are appropriate.
Acoustic Neuroma Size
The size of the acoustic neuroma is something your doctor will consider. Larger tumors are more likely to continue to grow, and surgical removal is often recommended. Small tumors that are not growing and do not cause disruptive symptoms might not require immediate treatment.
Doctors may use different measurements to determine the size of an acoustic neuroma. The tumors look like ice cream cones, so the measurement varies depending on whether the tumor is measured vertically or horizontally. The diameter of the “ice cream on top” — the part of the tumor that pushes into the brain stem and cerebellum — is what matters, and it should determine the treatment. Proper assessment of the tumor’s size is one reason to choose a doctor who has experience treating these tumors.
If the brain tumor is larger than 20 to 25 millimeters at the time of diagnosis, your doctor may consider treatment even if your symptoms aren’t worrisome. Larger tumors can make surgery more complex and raise the risk of damaging hearing, balance and facial nerves.
Severe or Worsening Symptoms
Sometimes a larger acoustic neuroma can cause only minor symptoms, and a small tumor can be incapacitating. Severe facial pain, balance issues and falls can affect quality of life, and treating the tumor might be the best option.
Worsening symptoms may be a good reason to move from watching an acoustic neuroma to treatment. If you have been diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma and you notice that symptoms such as imbalance, facial numbness, weakness or hearing loss are becoming worse, contact your doctor.
If the doctor is monitoring an acoustic neuroma and MRI exams show that the tumor is growing, it might be time for treatment, depending on the rate of growth, the tumor’s shape, size and location, and your overall health.
Hearing Loss and Other Complications After Acoustic Neuroma Treatment
After treatment for acoustic neuroma, some patients experience hearing loss, cerebrospinal fluid leak, damage to facial nerves and other problems.
- Facial nerve damage is usually only temporary, and most patients recover in several months to a year. If the damage is thought to be permanent, a facial plastic surgeon can perform nerve transfer surgery or other procedures to help restore movement in the face.
- Cerebrospinal fluid leaks are caused by a hole or tear in the dura, a membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord. If a leak occurs, a doctor can perform a procedure to block the hole that is leaking cerebrospinal fluid.
- For ongoing hearing issues after acoustic neuroma surgery, a doctor may recommend a bone-anchored hearing aid, cochlear implant or a regular hearing aid.
- For patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 who develop acoustic neuromas in both ears, causing deafness, cochlear implants or auditory brain stem implants can help provide a sense of sound and possibly help them understand speech.
Acoustic Neuroma Treatment — Choosing Your Care Team
Because acoustic neuroma tumors are rare, it is important to choose a doctor with experience treating them. Asking a doctor how many acoustic neuroma patients he or she sees annually, and how many surgeries the doctor performs, may be a good start. Visiting a specialty center with a dedicated, multidisciplinary acoustic neuroma team might give you the best chance of a positive outcome. | <urn:uuid:c99ccb6a-47fe-49be-81d5-e0a230cfa6ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/brain-tumor/vestibular-schwannoma | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.917773 | 4,669 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Colonization of the gastric mucosa by may be the major reason behind gastroduodenal pathologies in human beings. worldwide, in developing countries especially, where infections prices of >90% are came across (13). Several elements from the pathogenesis of have already been characterized up to now, including flagella (18, 32); urease, which most likely allows to survive in the acidic environment from the abdomen (9); an adhesin binding towards the Lewis b bloodstream group antigen (22); as well as the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA (3). In vitro VacA induces the forming of huge acidic vacuoles in several eukaryotic cells (19). Furthermore, a 40-kb pathogenicity isle (PAI) named continues to be identified within a subset of strains (1, 6). Predicated on the current presence of the PAI, the isolates are subdivided into two types. Type I strains, formulated SB 203580 with the PAI, display increased virulence, being that they are connected with serious gastric disease mostly, while type II strains, missing the PAI, are even more isolated from asymptomatic carriers frequently. It’s been confirmed that a number of the protein encoded with the PAI cause serious inflammatory replies in the web host (6). However, the complete function from the gene items from the PAI and their function in virulence stay to become elucidated. Pharmaceutical therapy to take care of chlamydia involves expensive combos of varied antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and bismuth substances but shows just a limited efficiency (of around 80 to 90%) and will not prevent reinfection after effective eradication. Furthermore, strains resistant to the strongest antibiotics found in the treating infections, clarithromycin and metronidazole, are emerging quickly (5). Taking into consideration further that the amount of infected people world-wide requiring TSLPR treatment is certainly significantly beyond the reach from the antibiotic triple therapy, advancement of a vaccine appears to be the just suitable strategy for the global control of infections. It’s been proven by various analysts that in pet models of infections defensive immunity may be accomplished with the coadministration of a proper mucosal adjuvant and various antigens, either separately or in combination, via the orogastric route. The protective antigens identified include the urease; VacA; CagA, the immunodominant marker protein for the presence of the PAI; catalase; and HspA and HspB, the homologs of the heat shock proteins GroES and GroEL (14, 24, 28, 30). In particular, the urease gave rise to a high degree of protective immunity in vaccinated animals, and it was reported that 100% protection in strain expressing recombinant subunits A and B (17). Furthermore, it has been exhibited that therapeutic vaccination with recombinant VacA and CagA eradicates a chronic contamination in mice, demonstrating that the inability of the natural immune response to obvious contamination can be overcome (16). Considering the advantage of an efficacious vaccine, it is important to identify the proteins which elicit a strong immune response in humans SB 203580 in order to analyze their capability to confer protective immunity. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of immunodominant proteins will contribute to the improvement of serological assessments for detecting and monitoring infections. Another important question is whether there exists a correlation between the presence of antibodies directed against specific antigens and the particular antigens which are recognized by sera from patients showing numerous gastroduodenal pathologies. Identification SB 203580 of immunogenic proteins of by the proteome technology. G27 (36) was produced on Columbia agar plates made up of 5% horse blood and 0.2% cyclodextrin as explained previously (4). The bacteria were harvested from your plates, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, and lysed by incubation in lysis buffer (35 mM Tris, 9 M urea, 65 mM dithiothreitol, 4% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate [CHAPS]) for 10 min at room heat. Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis was performed by the method of O’Farrell (27), altered by Hochstrasser et al. (20, 21). Protein samples made up of SB 203580 up to 200 g of protein were subjected to isoelectric focusing (IEF) in a pH gradient ranging from pH 4 to pH 8. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed with pairs of identical IEF samples, and the gels were further processed in parallel by silver staining or immunoblotting using either control sera derived from five individuals. | <urn:uuid:63a26e31-0cc5-4eec-8430-2af2cef5feeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://iftm-pharo2005.org/colonization-of-the-gastric-mucosa-by-may-be-the-major-reason/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932037 | 1,021 | 2.828125 | 3 |
RICHMOND, Va. (AP) _ Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam is endorsing a major overhaul of electricity regulations that’s been sought by utilities, despite warnings from the state’s attorney general that customers will end up paying more than they should. Northam’s statement Monday says he supports legislation imposing new limits on the ability of state regulators to adjust rates. Dominion Energy and Appalachian Power say the legislation is needed to help improve the state’s electric grid. Northam says he worked with the utilities and others to improve the legislation, boosting energy-efficiency programs and adding customer protections. But his fellow Democrat, Attorney General Mark Herring, says utilities will be allowed to keep rates at unfairly high levels rather than return money to ratepayers. A Senate panel approved a version of the legislation Monday. | <urn:uuid:c429e2b5-1df6-4f8d-88d4-fdf8c4f54e98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wlni.com/northam-announces-compromise-on-electric-rate-overhaul/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93728 | 167 | 1.5 | 2 |
Once the dependence has been developed, withdrawal symptoms appear whenever an attempt is made to quit Adderall. Using Adderall as prescribed by the physician is not linked with addiction and withdrawal symptoms; these are only developed when Adderall is abused. So using the drug for ADHD and narcolepsy is safe. The symptoms are even more severe when an attempt is made to go cold turkey. So it is recommended to taper off the drug little by little. Withdrawal symptoms appear during the process of detoxification, which is when body is trying to get rid of the chemicals accumulated from the years of abuse of the drug. To make the withdrawal symptoms less severe, it is better to go through the process under expert supervision.
Withdrawal symptoms produced from Adderall addiction may range from mild to severe depending upon the amount it was taken in and the time it was abused for. Also, whether the drug is being quit gradually or cold turkey plays an important role. Withdrawal from Adderall produces both physical and psychological signs and symptoms.
A number of unpleasant physical signs and symptoms are experienced by addicts such as:
Dependence produced by Adderall maybe physical as well as psychological. Same goes for withdrawal symptoms. Severe psychological effects are produced when the drug is withdrawn including:
Detoxification is the first step towards recovery. Successfully going through the process of detoxification is important. Even though detoxification can be highly uncomfortable and painful, rehabilitation is not possible without it. During the process of detoxification, body cleans itself of foreign chemicals accumulated from the years of drug use. At the same time, psychological and physical dependence of the drug forces the addict to go back to addiction by producing unpleasant symptoms. Most of the people are likely to relapse during the detoxification process because of the extreme pain associated with it. To successfully go through the process and make the pain less severe, it is recommended to seek professional help. There are a number of rehabilitation centers present that offer care during detoxification process.
A number of over-the-counter drugs can be utilized to make the symptoms appearing during detoxification process less severe. Even though it is not possible to completely eliminate the symptoms, measures can be taken to make them bearable.
Symptoms such as body aches, diarrhea, constipation etc can be effectively treated with the use of medications. Apart from these:
Some people try to go through the process of detoxification at home without any medical guideline and expert supervision. Practicing the same for Adderall can be very dangerous. It is because a number of harmful physical and psychological side effects are associated with detoxification which need to be taken care of. If proper medical attention is not provided, the situation may worsen and the health of the patient can decline a great deal.
The patient experiences depression, anxiety and even severe panic attacks at times. To manage these situations, proper medication and expert care is required. Some people develop severe suicidal tendencies and may end up killing themselves.
Physical symptoms like cardiac problems produced by Adderall can be dangerous as well. The patient may require immediate medical attention at times.
Considering all this, it is not recommended to go through the process of detoxification at home. The addict may think that he can manage but symptoms start to worsen even before he realizes it.
Recovery is a time taking process that needs patience as well as determination. As reported by addicts, withdrawal symptoms start to appear within hours of quitting the drug and may last for as long as several months. Once the detoxification process has been completed successfully, a rehabilitation center can provide further treatment to help the patient avoid relapse and live a successful life.
Adderall can be quit in two ways:
Gradually decreasing the amount of drug taken is always a better option. It gives the body of the addict time to become acclimatized to surviving without drug. Also, when gradually decreasing the dose, the withdrawal symptoms do not appear all at once and are not as intense. No matter what method is being adopted, it is highly recommended to seek professional help. Detox at home requires a lot of stamina, patience, willpower and self control. Still, the dangers exist. A detoxification center or a rehabilitation center can be great choice in this regard.
It is highly unlikely to die from Adderall withdrawal but some symptoms produced by withdrawal may prove to be deadly. For example, psychological issues can worsen to a point where the patient loses controls over himself. Suicidal tendencies are also a notable aspect of Adderall withdrawal. If psychological help is not provided, the patient may end up killing himself to get rid of the pain. A Detox treatment center not only provides treatment for psychological and physical symptoms but also keeps an eye on the patient to make sure he does not end up doing something harmful. | <urn:uuid:56013874-2913-4965-9bba-785598ee78b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.slorecoverycenters.com/drug-detox/adderall-detox/adderall-withdrawal-detoxification/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.965537 | 982 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of tomatoes by neutral electrolyzed water – Deza MA, Araujo M et Al. – Institute of Food Research and Analysis, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Reduction of Salmonella enterica on alfalfa seeds with acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water and enhanced uptake ofacidic electrolyzed oxidizing water into seeds by gas exchange – Stan SD, Daeschel MA – Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, 100 Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331- 8575, USA.
Effectiveness of electrolyzed acidic water in killing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of tomatoes – Bari ML, Sabina Y, Isobe S, Uemura T, Isshiki K – Food Hygiene Laboratory, National Food Research Institute Food Technology Division, Kannondai-2-1-12, Tsukuba, 305-8642, Japan
Efficacy of acidic electrolyzed water ice for pathogen control on lettuce – Koseki S, Isobe S, Itoh K – Food Processing Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
Treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated alfalfa seeds and sprouts with electrolyzed oxidizing water – Sharma RR, Demirci A – Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Effects of chlorine and pH on efficacy of electrolyzed water for inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes – Park H, Hung YC, Chung D – Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 1797, USA. | <urn:uuid:79905d60-a7bb-4b72-8850-662dcf408ca9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aquactiva-solutions.com/aplicaciones/agricultura-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.706379 | 441 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Mary and Aaron murmur against Moses, whom God praiseth above other prophets. Mary being struck with leprosy, Aaron confesseth his fault. Moses prayeth for her, and after seven days' separation from the camp, she is restored.
And Mary and Aaron spoke against Moses, because of his wife the Ethiopian,
Locutaque est Maria et Aaron contra Moysen propter uxorem ejus Aethiopissam,
And they said: Hath the Lord spoken by Moses only? hath he not also spoken to us in like manner? And when the Lord heard this,
et dixerunt : Num per solum Moysen locutus est Dominus? nonne et nobis similiter est locutus? Quod cum audisset Dominus
(For Moses was a man exceeding meek above all men that dwelt upon earth)
( erat enim Moyses vir mitissimus super omnes homines qui morabantur in terra),
Immediately he spoke to him, and to Aaron and Mary: Come out you three only to the tabernacle of the covenant. And when they were come out,
statim locutus est ad eum, et ad Aaron et Mariam : Egredimini vos tantum tres ad tabernaculum foederis. Cumque fuissent egressi,
The Lord came down in a pillar of the cloud, and stood in the entry of the tabernacle calling to Aaron and Mary. And when they were come,
descendit Dominus in columna nubis, et stetit in introitu tabernaculi, vocans Aaron et Mariam. Qui cum issent,
He said to them: Hear my words: if there be among you a prophet of the Lord, I will appear to him in a vision, or I will speak to him in a dream.
dixit ad eos : Audite sermones meos : si quis fuerit inter vos propheta Domini, in visione apparebo ei, vel per somnium loquar ad illum.
But it is not so with my servant Moses who is most faithful in all my house:
At non talis servus meus Moyses, qui in omni domo mea fidelissimus est :
For I speak to him mouth to mouth: and plainly, and not by riddles and figures doth he see the Lord. Why then were you not afraid to speak ill of my servant Moses?
ore enim ad os loquor ei : et palam, et non per aenigmata et figuras Dominum videt. Quare ergo non timuistis detrahere servo meo Mosyi?
And being angry with them he went away:
Iratusque contra eos, abiit :
The cloud also that was over the tabernacle departed: and behold Mary appeared white as snow with a leprosy. And when Aaron had looked on her, and saw her all covered with leprosy,
nubes quoque recessit quae erat super tabernaculum : et ecce Maria apparuit candens lepra quasi nix. Cumque respexisset eam Aaron, et vidisset perfusam lepra,
He said to Moses: I beseech thee, my lord, lay not upon us this sin, which we have foolishly committed:
ait ad Moysen : Obsecro, domine mi, ne imponas nobis hoc peccatum quod stulte commisimus,
Let her not be as one dead, and as an abortive that is cast forth from the mother's womb. Lo, now one half of her flesh is consumed with the leprosy.
ne fiat haec quasi mortua, et ut abortivum quod projicitur de vulva matris suae : ecce jam medium carnis ejus devoratum est a lepra.
And Moses cried to the Lord, saying: O God, I beseech thee heal her.
Clamavitque Moyses ad Dominum, dicens : Deus, obsecro, sana eam.
And the Lord answered him: If her father had spitten upon her face, ought she not to have been ashamed for seven days at least? Let her be separated seven days without the camp, and after wards she shall be called again.
Cui respondit Dominus : Si pater ejus spuisset in faciem illius, nonne debuerat saltem septem diebus rubore suffundi? separetur septem diebus extra castra, et postea revocabitur.
Mary therefore was put out of the camp seven days: and the people moved not from that place until Mary was called again.
Exclusa est itaque Maria extra castra septem diebus : et populus non est motus de loco illo, donec revocata est Maria. | <urn:uuid:024d2f56-ca51-4a8f-8d67-741241d0759f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://drbo.org/drl/chapter/04012.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.833385 | 1,129 | 2.140625 | 2 |
If you are looking for economical and environmentally friendly options to irrigate your garden or crops, drip irrigation is a fantastic solution. It allows the water to go straight to the roots, trickling water slowly near the plant’s base through a specialized irrigation system.
To make the most informed decision possible for your irrigation needs, check out these fast facts about drip irrigation:
Installing drip irrigation for your garden, crops, vineyard, or orchard is easier than you may expect. Choosing a professional drip irrigation design will ensure you have the best installation possible, so your irrigation is set up for success. You won’t have to worry about damage to your yard because the installation process requires minimal digging.
With professional drip irrigation system design, you can inject liquid fertilizer into the system itself. You will be maximizing the amount of water and fertilizer you use, which helps you cut costs. The system will apply fertilizer at the plant’s root zone, so you waste less, and the plants get the full benefit of the application. Plus, you’ll be reducing runoff.
Conserving water is more important than ever to the environment. Drip irrigation enables you to save water, maximize fertilizer, and minimize pesticide use, which is better for the environment. Drip irrigation is a greener, eco-friendly option you can feel good about.
Because drip irrigation allows the water to go directly to the plant’s roots, your plants will grow quicker and undergo less stress. You’ll have healthier and hardier plants that contribute to better air quality and superior results for your irrigation efforts.
If you are ready to learn more facts about drip irrigation or would like to schedule professional drip irrigation services for your garden or crops, contact WP Law, Inc. to get started! | <urn:uuid:78374d6e-796b-4f38-8793-469097b0b5fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://woodenboatworkshop.com/4-facts-about-drip-irrigation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.904681 | 455 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Consume Kidney Beans And Bean Broth
Kidney beans and kidney bean broth may help prevent and pass kidney stones.
One 2020 study found that common beans, of which kidney beans are a variety, may help eliminate kidney stones and prevent more from occurring.
Another small study from 2020 had kidney stone patients drink the broth of boiled beans five times a day. Researchers said that the liquid expanded the urine volume to help remove kidney stones and ease pain.
Drink As Much Water As You Can
As mentioned earlier, dehydration is one of the major causes of kidney stones, drinking water can help you prevent the further onset of these stones. Also, it can help you flush out the existing stones through urine. Patients with kidney stones are advised to consume at least 7 to 8 glasses of water every day. Also Read – Pele thanks fans after undergoing surgery to remove kidney stones
Is There Any Way To Make Them Pass Faster
The best home remedy to encourage the stone to pass is to drink lots of fluids, especially plain water and citrus juices such as orange or grapefruit. The extra fluid causes you to urinate more, which helps the stone move and keeps it from growing. You should aim for at least 2 to 3 quarts of water per day.
Smaller stones are more likely to pass on their own, so you should take steps to keep the stone from growing. This includes eating a diet thats low in salt, calcium, and protein.
However, you need all of these for your body to function properly, so talk with your doctor about an appropriate diet to help you pass the stone.
Passing a kidney stone can be very painful. Taking pain medication such as ibuprofen wont speed up the process, but it can make you a lot more comfortable while passing the stone. A heating pad can also help.
If you have a fever, significant nausea, or are unable to keep down liquids without vomiting, you should seek medical care.
Likewise, if you have only one kidney or known kidney problems or damage, see a doctor immediately.
An infected kidney stone is a surgical emergency. If you notice any signs of infection, go to the hospital.
Read Also: What To Take For Kidney Health
Drink Loads Of Fluids
Increase your fluids intake as it can aid you in a variety of ways. It detoxifies the body and helps in the passage of stones through the urethra. Many times, even doctors will advise that the best way to treat kidney stones is to drink enough water throughout the day. Increased liquid intake can help shift the stone and remove the grit from the kidney stone. Drink as much water as you can because water is usually considered the best cure for many ailments. Water in itself can do wonders to the body. Other beneficial liquids are lemon water, being citric it can help break stones into small pieces and thereby speeding up the passage process of stones. Apple cider vinegar, again being citric in nature, can surely act as a game-changer for many, it helps to relieve pain and can add to other benefits as well. It boosts the process of flushing the stones out of the system.
How Successful Are These Treatments
In short dubious at best. There have been many reports of people using these natural methods, but the efficacy is unsubstantiated. Some people report success, but none of these treatments are based in scientific fact. For every anecdotal success story posted online, there are hundreds more stories of failures . So, what natural remedies DO work?
4. Lab Grade Chanca Piedra
Lab grade chanca piedra has shown high rates of success in kidney stone treatment. This herbal remedy breaks down and prevents the development of new kidney stones. The clinical benefits of all-natural Chanca Piedra are related to ureteral relaxation and to a putative reduction of the excretion of urinary crystallization promoters such as calcium. It first grabbed the attention of the scientific community in a 2002 study on rodents which demonstrated it slowed or halted kidney stone growth. Further studies indicated lab grade Chanca Piedra actually interferes with the process that would normally cause stones to form.
Professor Dr. Nestor Schor speaking about his research on lab grade Chanca Piedra:
Treatment with Phyllanthus niruri strongly inhibited the growth of the stones and reduced the number of stones
These results show that Phyllanthus niruri has an inhibitory effect on crystal growth
You May Like: Can Protein Powder Cause Kidney Stones
Diagnosis Of Kidney Stones
Many kidney stones are discovered by chance during examinations for other conditions. Urine and blood tests can help with finding out the cause of the stone. Further tests may include:
- CT scans
- x-rays, including an intravenous pyelogram , where dye is injected into the bloodstream before the x-rays are taken.
How Long Does It Take To Pass A Kidney Stone
In the vast majority of situations, kidney stones are small and pass on their own. Home remedies can be a good way to help the process along, but in some cases medical assistance is required. One of the first questions people with kidney stones ask is, how long does it take to pass a kidney stone naturally? Well, every case is different, it can be a few days or it can be weeks. There are a number of factors that can influence the time that it takes for stones to pass.
- The size of the stone: Some may be small like a grain of sand, while others are the size of a golf ball. The larger it is, the harder it will be to pass. Kidney stones that have a diameter of five mm or more have a lower chance of passing naturally, and those that are nine mm or larger definitely require medical attention.
- The size of the patient: The larger a person is, the bigger the kidney stone tends to be. Metabolism in larger people is low and reduces the metabolism of calcium oxalate, thus increasing the size of stones. Also, uric acid concentration tends to be higher in those who are overweight, which can increase stone size.
- The size of the prostate: An enlarged prostate interferes with the passage of urine, making it harder for stones to pass.
- Pregnancy: Sometimes, an enlarged womb can put pressure on the urinary tract, making it difficult for stones to pass.
Read Also: What Causes A Cyst To Form On Your Kidney
What To Expect At Home
You visited your provider or the hospital because you have a kidney stone. You will need to take self-care steps. Which steps you take depend on the type of stone you have, but they may include:
- Drinking extra water and other liquids
- Eating more of some foods and cutting back on other foods
- Taking medicines to help prevent stones
- Taking medicines to help you pass a stone
You may be asked to try to catch your kidney stone. You can do this by collecting all of your urine and straining it. Your provider will tell you how to do this.
What You Need To Know About Passing Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are more common than you think. About 1 in 10 Americans experience them at some point throughout their life.1 If youve had them before, you understand how painful and debilitating they can be. If youve never had kidney stones, its important to understand what to expect. Not everyone will develop kidney stones and those that do might not experience any pain or discomfort. Regardless, you will need to pass them. To prepare yourself and get a better understanding of the underlying cause, weve put together this article on what you need to know about passing kidney stones.
Read Also: Who Do You See For Kidney Stones
Lemon Juice For Kidney Stones
How to dissolve kidney stones with lemon juice? Lemon juice is highly acidic as it contains citric acid.
The presence of citrate helps to prevent calcium stone deposition in the kidney, and it also breaks the small stones so that they can carry away through urine.
Take lemon juice with water for several days to get the best results.
What Dissolves Kidney Stones Fast
- Posted on
- In Blog
Youre suddenly in an excruciating pain. You have a sharp, cramping pain in your back and side that comes in waves. And the overwhelming feeling moves to your lower abdomen or groin, and hurts badly.
Well, you probably have kidney stones. And you need to give it a quick fix. You can do that without medical intervention, especially if you can find something that will dissolve the stones fast.
Read Also: Can Protein Powder Cause Kidney Failure
Signs And Symptoms Of Kidney Stones
Signs are symptoms of kidney stones should be well observed and not ignored or else it can lead to severe unbearable pain in the abdomen. Kidney stones are like they can be in your kidney for years and still not cause any discomfort but when it starts to move or enlarge you may develop symptoms.
- Pain in the lower back
- Feeling the need to urinate but there isnt any passage of urine
- Dull ache in the abdomen
- Cloudy or smelly urine
Simple Home Remedies To Treat Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are hard deposits that can be found anywhere in the urinary system-from the urinary bladder to the kidneys. They can be formed due to many factors, but genetic susceptibility and the number of fluids you drink has a direct effect on the odds of having kidney stones.
While they can be treated with oral medications in most cases, one can tweak certain habits and change ones diet to attempt to address the issue of kidney stones naturally. Here are some home remedies for curing kidney stones.
Recommended Reading: Where Are My Kidneys And Liver
Watermelon Is A Kidney
Watermelon is a great way to treat kidney stones composed of calcium, magnesium, phosphates, and carbonates. The potassium present in watermelon is an essential ingredient for healthy kidneys. It helps regulate and maintain the acid level in the urine.
A study published in Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy found that an in vivo rat model of urolithiasis showed reduced calcium oxalate crystal count in both the kidney and urine after administering the pulp extract of watermelon.
Also, the serum analysis showed elevation in creatinine clearance and reduction in urea and creatinine levels. This study has not been reproduced in human studies.
Along with potassium, watermelon also contains a high concentration of water, which helps in flushing out stones from the kidneys. Eating watermelon regularly can help greatly in the treatment and prevention of kidney stones. You can also consume watermelon seed tea.
Ways To Take Apple Cider Vinegar To Treat Kidney Stones
We at Max Healthcare, advise the patients to always consume diluted ACV as undiluted apple cider vinegar can burn the throat and cause harm to the enamel of the teeth. Furthermore, they should also rinse their mouth immediately after consumption.
Though there are several ways to consume apple cider vinegar, one of the simplest is to mix 2 teaspoons of ACV in a glass of water. Raw honey can be added to enhance the flavour. Furthermore, adding lemon to it also causes positive effects on the body.
Also Check: How To Avoid Kidney Stones
Coconut Water For Kidney Stones
Is coconut water good for kidney stones? Yes, Coconut water contains a moderate quantity of potassium that plays a vital role to alkalize the acidic nature of urine. Thus it prevents stone formation.
Drinking several glasses of coconut water also helps to increase the flow of urine so the stone can easily be carried away from the body.
It also stabilizes the burning sensation while passing urine.
Planetary Herbals Stone Free 820 Mg 90 Tablets
- March 1 2026 Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or “best used before” date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
- Date First Available: July 11 2007
- Shipping Weight:Switch to Imperial unitsShipping WeightThe Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product code: PTF-10031
- 11.2 x 6.1 x 6.1 cm , 0.15 kgSwitch to Imperial units
- Herbal Support for Kidney and Gallbladder
- Herbal Supplement
- Formulated by Michael Tierra L.Ac, O.M.D
Don’t Miss: Is Melatonin Safe For Kidneys
Consume Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple cider vinegar is effective in preventing oxidative stress of the kidneys. It increases the levels of antioxidants in the body, balances blood sugar levels and reduces blood pressure, by preventing various kidney diseases.
In addition, apple cider vinegar contains citric acid which is known to help in dissolving kidney stones. Frequent or daily intake of apple cider vinegar also flushes out toxins from the kidneys.
Lemon Juice Remedy For Kidney Stones
Apart from apple cider vinegar, you can use lemon juice to dissolve kidney stones. Usually, a mixture of lemon juice with olive oil is preferred as the lemon juice provides citrate that breaks up or prevents calcium stones from forming while the olive oil helps to flush out the stones.
Mix a quarter of a cup of olive oil with equal amount of lemon juice and drink. Follow it with a glass of water. Repeat this in the afternoon, but making sure to drink plenty of water and plenty of lemon juice throughout the day.
Alternatively, you can just squeeze some lemon into your drinking water as often as you can. Unfortunately, this will require a great deal of lemon juice if it has to produce the effect you desire.
Other natural options that help with kidney stones include:
Can Kidney Stones Be Passed Sexually
It was thought that s*xual intercourse could help pass kidney stones in the past. However, a recent study published in the journal Urology found that s*xual intercourse does not support passing kidney stones.
A study by the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil, published in the Journal of Urology in 2001, showed no difference in the incidence of spontaneous passage of ureteral stones between men and women.
This is supported by a study published in the British Medical Journal in 2004, which found no difference in the incidence of spontaneous passage of ureteral stones between men and women.
What Is A Kidney Stone
A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in a kidney. A stone can get stuck as it leaves the kidney. It can lodge in one of your two ureters , the bladder, or the urethra .
Kidney stones may be the size of sand or gravel, as large as a pearl, or even larger. A stone can block the flow of your urine and cause great pain. A stone may also break loose and travel through your urinary tract all the way out of your body without causing too much pain.
There are four major types of kidney stones.
- Calcium is the most common type of stone. Calcium can combine with other substances, such as oxalate , to form the stone.
- A uric acid stone may form when your urine contains too much acid.
- A struvite stone may form after an infection in your urinary system.
- Cystine stones are rare. The disease that causes cystine stones runs in families.
Recommended Reading: How Does Flomax Work On Kidney Stones
Brew Some Hibiscus Tea
Hibiscus tea is rich in antioxidants and will help keep you hydrated, which are both important for .
Additionally, Hibiscus tea was shown in a clinical trial to reduce the amount of uric acid in the blood and encourage its excretion in urine, thus reducing the likelihood of it forming into a kidney stone.
Hibiscus tea is also a diuretic, meaning that it helps your body get rid of excess water and salt through the urine. Diuretics can help you pass an already formed kidney stone, but are not as beneficial at preventing stones.
How To Pass Kidney Stones At Home
Kidney stones can only exit the body via urine. Stones that are smaller than 5mm can usually pass easily. Larger stones will generally require medical intervention. Depending on the kidney stones size and location, the length of time it will take to pass varies. Thankfully, there are many natural home remedies for passing kidney stones at home effectively.
Read Also: How To Lose Weight With Kidney Disease
The Causes Of Kidney Stones
Like many other ailments, a poor diet is the leading cause of kidney stone formation. While genetics and environmental factors can play a role, your diet is the easiest thing you can change.
Specifically, sodas and sugary drinks are major culprits behind the causes of kidney stones. This reason being sodas are filled with unhealthy chemicals, including high levels of processed bleached sugar, phosphoric acid, caffeine, and high fructose corn syrup. These ingredients are harmful to your body and especially harsh for your urinary system.
These drinks cause kidney stones thanks to the high fructose corn syrup which metabolizes into oxalate and increases excretion of uric acid and calcium. This combination encourages kidney stone formation at a higher rate than normal. Plus, the phosphoric acid in soda can create an acidic environment in your kidney tract, leading to more kidney stones. Diets high in sodium are also associated with this condition. The amount of calcium in your urine contributes to kidney stones and should therefore be reduced in your diet.
Instead, eat a diet for optimal urological health that is full of fresh vegetables and fruits. Avoid processed foods and sugar to avoid kidney stones and maintain a healthy urinary system. Dont forget to keep hydrated!
Related: Can Wine Prevent Kidney Stones? | <urn:uuid:37a97542-3f6d-44ad-a011-e0932e292138> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthykidneyclub.com/how-to-break-down-kidney-stones-at-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.935503 | 3,838 | 2.234375 | 2 |
The Food and Drug Administration’s top scientists recently gave a sobering assessment of the Covid-19 pandemic that stands as a stark departure from the hysteria public health experts have promoted for over two years.
The FDA’s Principal Deputy Commissioner Janet Woodcock and top vaccine official Dr. Peter Marks wrote their view that Covid-19 is the “new normal” in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
“As the US emerges from the recent Omicron surge of the COVID-19 pandemic following close to a million deaths in the country attributable to COVID-19, many people are hoping that the worst is over,” the FDA scientists wrote. “Widespread vaccine- and infection-induced immunity, combined with the availability of effective therapeutics, could blunt the effects of future outbreaks.”
“Nonetheless, it is time to accept that the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is the new normal,” they added.
“It will likely circulate globally for the foreseeable future, taking its place alongside other common respiratory viruses such as influenza,” they went on. “And it likely will require similar annual consideration for vaccine composition updates in consultation with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC).”
It should be noted that seasonal flu vaccines are recommended for the elderly and at-risk; they have never been mandated in the United States despite their widespread introduction in the early 1980s. Nor have masks been a part of any influenza strategy prior to the emergence of Covid-19.
The Office for National Statistics (U.K.) show decisively in February that Covid-19 was not more dangerous for young people and children than the seasonal flu.
A bioethicist at the University of Oxford named Euzebiusz Jamrozik remarked on the findings, which were demonstrated by a chart of the data. It shows that Covid-19 was about equivalently dangerous for young people as the seasonal flu but progressively became less dangerous as more variants emerged.
While Covid cases have spiked in many parts of the country, it has not been accompanied by an increase in hospitalizations or deaths.
In late March, the CDC Director Rochelle Walensky admitted that 95% of Americans have some form of protection against Covid.
“So, let’s just talk about where we are with the variant,” Walensky said. “This is the most recent variant that causes up to a million cases in the middle of January, every single day. What we know specifically about this Omicron variant, in contrast to what we saw with both Delta and Alpha, is this more transmissible.”
“But we also know that it tends to cause less severe disease correcting for comorbidities, correcting for vaccine status and booster status,” she said. “We have seen that Omicron specifically causes less severe disease, less hospitalizations, less ICU stays and less death correcting for all of those things. So that is true of Omicron. Specifically.”
She did not mention that natural immunity is a massive factor in the risk calculus for patients, a fact that the CDC’s data showed in January. But she did acknowledge that in part because of prior infections, 95% of Americans have at least “some” protection against Covid.
“We also know that in this country because of vaccines because of boosters and because of protection from prior disease, infection-induced immunity (natural immunity) that about 95% of people in this country have some level of protection,” she said.
Of course, Walensky continued to tout vaccination, but the acknowledgment of natural immunity, which she refers to as “infection-induced immunity,” is an important one.
So, just to be clear: 95% of Americans now have “some protection,” due to natural immunity, Covid vaccination, and boosters combined. If you are not in the risk profile of being obese, immunocompromised, or elderly, the already miniscule chance of dying from the Omicron variant plummets to almost nil with natural immunity protection.
This has not stopped the Biden administration from sounding the alarms about a speculated 100 million cases ahead of the 2022 midterms. The White House’s dire projection is not based on any new data, however, but on a ‘model.’
“The Biden administration is preparing for the possibility that 100 million Americans — roughly 30 percent of the population — will get infected with the coronavirus this fall and winter, according to the administration official, who spoke on condition of anonymity,” the New York Times reported.
“The 100 million figure is not as high as the total number of Americans known to have become infected with the highly contagious Omicron variant during the wave in December and January. It is based on a range of outside models, though the official did not specify which ones, and assumes that a rapidly evolving virus in the Omicron family — not a new variant — will spread through a population with waning immunity against infection,” the Times added.
The CDC claimed there were 146.6 million prior infections in the United States as of September 2020. Based on its calculation of four infections for every reported case, and the currently reported 82 million “cases,” this would put the number of people with Covid prior infections at nearly the entire U.S. population of 330 million people.
Thus, it is becoming more obvious that most Americans no longer consider Covid to be a “crisis.”
“Less than one in 10 Americans now describe COVID-19 as a crisis — with about three in four calling it a manageable problem and one in six saying it’s no problem at all — according to the latest installment of the Axios/Ipsos Coronavirus Index,” Axios reported in April.
Axios claimed that the findings “matter” because: “These sentiments — and the public’s growing desire to be done with mask mandates and other restrictions — raise significant challenges for public health officials in managing new surges, and could create real political headwinds ahead of the midterms.”
“Democrats were five times as likely as Republicans to say COVID-19 is a crisis (16% to 3%),” the story added. “Meanwhile, Republicans were 10 times as likely as Democrats to say COVID-19 is not a problem (31% to 3%).”
“Here’s another way to look at the overall numbers: About twice as large a share of Americans said COVID-19 is ‘not a problem at all’ (17%) than said it is ‘a serious crisis’ (9%),” the story notes.
The mainstream media and public health experts can continue to beat the drum of Covid hysteria. But even the FDA is giving up on the narrative — even if Democratic politicians are desperately clinging to it for the 2022 midterms. | <urn:uuid:f2e19c03-5be6-4a04-a6be-b19b9727aae6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trendingpolitics.com/fda-delivers-final-blow-to-covid-hysteria-its-time-for-americans-to-treat-it-like-the-flu-knab/?utm_source=DS21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.966585 | 1,498 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Internal Revenue Service, Washington, DC
The Internal Revenue Service Building is located in the center of the Federal Triangle complex in Washington, D.C. It is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania Avenue, and the west by 12th Street. The IRS Building is rectangular in form with a circular section on its northwest corner facing 12th Street and an L-shaped arm from the northwest corner on 10th Street. The main building has 4 interior courts which divide the great mass of the building and provide the inner offices with daylight and ventilation. The building is 7 stories in height, although the architectural treatment of the exterior walls gives the illusion of 5 stories. Th 6th floor is located behind the main cornice and the 7th floor is set back behind the balustrade. The general architectural style for the Federal Triangle was the 18th century French Renaissance style, which in turn derived its inspriation from the Italian Renaissance architecture. The IRS Building is one of the more simple interpretations of this style in the Federal Triangle.
The Constitution Avenue facade contains the main entrance to the IRS Building and received the most elaborate decorative treatment of all the building's elevations. The remaining facades have the same general characteristics as the Constitution Avenue elevation, which has a rusticated limestone base of 14 courses extending from the pink granite base course or stair at ground level through the second floor to form the first horizontal division. Above the first floor windows, the rusticated design resembles a jack arch with the three central keystones extending vertically through two courses. The Constitution Avenue elevation is 27 bays wide. All except the first and last three bays of the base project approximately 4 feet from the building plane.
The upper floors are dominated by a 3-story colonnade which extends above the projecting base. Above the 3rd floor belt course, a balustrade motif defines the beginning of the principal stories. On the colonnade, a balustrade separates the column bases. The wall surface is smooth faced limestone ashlar. Rusticated limestone, more finely detailed than the base of the wall, serves as quoining on either end of the elevation, and faces the wall surface behind the colonnade. Pilasters shadow the pairs of columns at either end of the colonnade. The facade is capped by a Corinthian entablature, which begins at the 6th floor level. This is composed of 3 horizontal divisions. Another balustrade with paneled piers sits atop the facade at the 7th floor level.
The 10th Street elevation is the longest of the building, extending over 600' from Constitution to Pennsylvania Avenue. Two pedimented prostyle porticos of 3 bays each mark each end of the elevation. The south portico has four marble columns, the north portico has 4 limestone columns. Two end pilasters, identical to those on Constitution Avenue, mark the sides of each of the porticos on the facade wall. Centered in the 10th Street elevation is a major entrance with a single wide stair and three flat arched openings. Above this central entrance, beginning at the 3rd floor level, is a screen of 18 limestone, unfluted pilasters of the Doric order. A street level arcade with 3 arched openings approximately 1-1/2 stories high is centered between the projecting central bays and the north portico. Balustrades matching those at the 7th floor level extend across the bottoms of the openings.
On the Pennsylvania Avenue facade, the 5 bays nearest the corner of 10th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue are idential to the unpilastered bays on 10th Street. The remaining six bays project several feet and have a screen of eight limestone pilasters similar to those on 10th Street.
The 14 bays on the south eand of the 12th Street facade repeats the basic wall design established on the Constitution Avenue facade. Small one story entrances are located on the second bay in from each end. Because the circular elevation on the northwest corner of the 12th Street facade was to form part of the Great Circle with the New Post Office (Ariel Rios) Building across the street, its decorative details mirror those of the other Federal building. The circular elevation has a 3-sided pavilion at its corner, directly opposite the south pavilion of the New Post Office. The decorative details on both are identical.
The interior spaces of the IRS Building are organized around four courtyards with office bays located on either side of a central corridor. With this arrangement, all offices are provided with operable windows, facing the streets or the courts. The most elaborate space in the building is the 2 story lobby in the center of the south side of the building. The original design of this space remains intact. Most of the office corridors retain their original terrazzo floors with brass dividing strips and marble borders, marble baseboards and plinth blocks. All the special offices in the IRS Building, the Tax Court Hearing Rooms, the Commissioner's office and the 7th floor Court Room have undergone remodeling. General office space is typical and has also undergone remodeling.
The Internal Revenue Service Building, built between 1928 and 1936, was the first building to be constructed within the Federal Triangle. The Federal Triangle project was the largest building program ever undertaken by the government; it was the first federally funded urban redevelopment project of this scope and, as such, provided a model for city planning in the 1930's through 1950's. The new buildings were to be designed to reflect the "dignity and power of the nation". Senator James McMillan introduced legislation in 1900 authorizing plans for developing an urban park system and for the siting of future Federal buildings. McMillan's plan proposed that the triangular area south of Pennsylvania Avenue, north of the mall and east of the Ellipse be developed for Federal office buildings and museums. The plan for the Federal Triangle was tied to the passage of the Public Buildings Act of 1926 and, finally, in January, 1928 the Triangle Bill was passed authorizing acquisition of land and allocating funds. There is correspondence to indicate that there was a plan drawn for this building as early as 1926, before the master plan for the Federal Triangle was formulated. According to the "Unified Architectural Composition Plan" publicized by the Commission of Fine Arts in July 1927, IRS was to form half of a "Great Circle" measuring 500' in diameter at the intersection of 12th Street and the former C Street. Because the IRS Building was to be used as a bureau and not as a departmental headquarters, originally planned sculptural bronzes and stonework were not included, therefore separating the unadorned IRS Building from its neighbors in appearance.
The IRS was founded in 1872 but was a minor section of the Treasury Department until the income tax law was passed in 1913; by the 1920's the IRS had 6000 employees housed in temporary wood frame structures generally considered "fire traps"; the need for permanent headquarters was generally recognized not only because of the appalling working conditiions but because of the constant threat of fire to the tax records. A month after the Public Building Act was signed the decision was made to proceed as soon as possible with IRS and the Department of Commerce due to the threatening conditions. The building was first occupied June 1, 1930 having been completed 16 months ahead of schedule (the contractor received a $30,000 bonus for early completion). The building was equipped with a synchronized system of 861 clocks, the largest system of its kind at the time of construction. In addition to being synchronized the system had a conduit system related to the fire alarm and the watchman's system. 1400 telephones were installed.
When the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) was repealed in 1933, the work of the IRS increased sharply and more office space was needed. An extension was begun (the northeast sections) in February 1934. The general form and exterior appearance of the extension duplicated the exterior detailing of the main building and completed the symmetry of the facade.
It was intended that the IRS Building be completed on the site of the 19th century Post Office building but plans were delayed for social, political and economic reasons until the late 1960's when proposals were made to complete the Federal Triangle. By this time the Urban Renewal program (initiated by the concept of the Federal Triangle) was in full practice and public outcry against the destruction of historic properties was beginning. The preservation movement in Washington took as its first major issue the demolition of the Old Post Office. A struggle ensued between Federal plans and citizens' groups. The 1966 Historic Preservation Act provided a legislative boost to the citizens groups and the group, named "Don't Tear It Down" was able to save the Old Post Office building. The IRS Building, therefore, was never "completed" and the look of the Federal Triangle was adapted to include the 19th century Post Office Building.
The Internal Service Building is a component of the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site (National Register #66000865).
|1928||1936||Original Construction||Louis Simon|
|1935||Installed limestone ceiling in 12th St. arcade||unknown|
|1947||5 ton a/c unit added to rooms 1515-1533||unknown|
|1954||Asphalt tile laid over flooring, rooms 1002-1016||unknown|
|1954||Rooms between 3309-3319 converted to lecture room||unknown|
|1963||Central air conditioning system installed||unknown|
|1963||Suspended ceilings added to conceal a/c ducts||unknown|
|1963||Fluorescent fixtures installed||unknown|
|1964||2nd floor judge's quarters renovated||unknown|
|1964||Commissioner's office suite modernized||unknown|
|1966||Chief Counsel's library built on 4th floor||unknown|
|1968||Visitor's center built in middle of main lobby||unknown|
|1969||Computer center installed on 6th floor||unknown|
|1972||New auditorium replaced old court room, 7th floor||unknown|
|1974||Elevators switched from manual to automatic||unknown|
|1974||Visitor's center structure removed; lobby restored||unknown| | <urn:uuid:9f0005e1-e51f-4309-be0b-66159bc7228d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gsa.gov/historic-buildings/internal-revenue-service-washington-dc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959375 | 2,124 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Posted by DSD Insurance an Acrisure Agency Partner on
Catalytic Converter Thefts on the Rise
People typically lock their cars when they park them to safeguard personal items and components inside the vehicle. Increasingly, however, criminals are less interested in what’s inside the car than they are in what’s underneath it inside the catalytic converter.
The National Insurance Crime Bureau has reported that thefts of catalytic converters jumped by 325% in 2020 compared to 2019.
Reported claims rose by more than 11,000 in 2020, and not all claims get reported.
If the catalytic converter on your vehicle is stolen, it can cost you on average up to $2,000 to replace it, and it is illegal to drive your vehicle without one. The resulting gap in your exhaust system also makes the vehicle run poorly until it is fixed. Depending on what type of insurance you have, it may or may not cover the theft.
Where’s the attraction for thieves?
A vehicle’s catalytic converter takes in exhaust from your vehicle’s engine. It then converts the harmful chemicals in the exhaust to carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapor. This reduces harmful emissions that go into the air. Federal law has required vehicles to include catalytic converters since the 1975 model year.
The devices contain a “honeycomb” structure that, when heated up, causes a chemical reaction that converts the harmful gasses to less dangerous ones. The converter is made of three rare and expensive metals. These are 1) platinum, 2) palladium and 3) rhodium. Catalytic converters are attracting thieves because of the high prices fetched by these metals.
Rhodium sells for more than $15,000 an ounce, while palladium goes for more than $2,100 an ounce and platinum is worth more than $1,000 an ounce.
Online sellers of stolen catalytic converters can fetch up to $1,500; thieves net an average of $200 per unit.
Theft of catalytic converters is a low-risk crime. A thief who knows what he’s doing can remove one in less than 3 minutes!
Manufacturers do not stamp serial numbers or other identifiers on them, so a stolen catalytic converter is extremely difficult to trace.
Given the increase in the rate of violent crimes, police are being forced to make choices. They’re giving less priority to property crimes. As a
result, the odds of catching a catalytic converter thief are extremely low.
The Cost To You . . . “Out Of Pocket” and “Off The Road”
In addition to the cost of purchasing and installing a new catalytic converter, if you’re the victim of a converter theft, you may have a long wait before you can use your vehicle. Supply chain disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic means it can now take weeks for a new unit to arrive.
If the catalytic converter on your vehicle is stolen, your auto insurance MAY pay part of the cost of replacing it –– assuming you purchased
comprehensive coverage. This insurance benefit or feature covers you for loss of or damage to the vehicle from causes other than collision — a cracked windshield, theft of property you kept inside your vehicle, etc. However
You’re still responsible for paying the deductible. In some cases, the deductible may be almost as much as the cost of replacing the converter. Call us to discuss before you consider submitting a claim.
Protecting your vehicle
You should also report the theft to the police, even if it seems unlikely that you will recover the stolen unit.
There are four (4) steps you can take to manage the risk of becoming a victim of this crime: 1) Park only in well-lit garages or parking lots 2) Engrave your vehicle identification number (VIN) on the converter — as BIG as possible! 3) Install a catalytic converter anti-theft device 4) Install an alarm system on your vehicle
Some states are considering legislation that will crack down on catalytic converter theft. But any newly enacted laws will take some time to have an effect.
In the meantime, expect the trend of increasing thefts of catalytic converters to continue while precious metal prices and economic pressures to commit crimes remain high and converters can be sold with relative ease and very little risk of getting caught.
Take the above suggestions to reduce your risk, and be ready to report a theft to the police and your insurance company if it happens to you. | <urn:uuid:ef6bc054-3d21-4ecb-aca2-91a72a1761ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dsdinsurance.com/whats-the-story-with-catalytic-converters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.929527 | 947 | 2.125 | 2 |
Keeping tissue alive during any sort of long-term transportation has always been difficult until fairly recently. This is especially true for hair restoration procedures, where hair follicles must survive as they are removed from one area of the scalp and transplanted onto another. The easiest way to protect these hair follicles from outside contaminants and other environmental factors is to place them inside of a chilled solution. HypoThermosol was first introduced into the field of hair restoration by Dr. Jerry Cooley in Charlottle, North Carolina. It is the brand name of storage solution made by Bio Life Solutions that is becoming the industry standard for hair transplants for a number of reasons.
During a hair transplant surgery, a follicular unit consisting of multiple hair follicles is first removed from an area of the scalp with healthy, transplantable hair (this area is known as the donor zone), and subsequently placed onto an area of the scalp with hair loss (this area is known as the recipient scalp).
When the follicular units are being transported from the donor zone to recipient scalp, a number of conditions can damage the follicular units and render them unusable.
Traditionally, hair transplant have relied on chilled sterilized saline as the preferred method of storage solution for follicular hair units. While saline will prevent the follicular units from dehydrating, it does not offer any of the nutritional sustenance that the follicular unit enjoys while in the scalp. A recent 2015 study left follicular unit grafts outside of the body for ninety-six hours in either normal saline or HypoThermosol with ATP. When they were transplanted into the recipient scalp, researchers found that a larger number of hairs that used HypoThermosol with ATP survived. | <urn:uuid:5a9f0588-d9ac-4c8a-9563-d2f025a3e76e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hairtransplantmentor.com/htm-stagingfeb20/hypothermosol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956252 | 351 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Ontario's doctors expect huge demand for mental health services after pandemic
TORONTO, Jan. 26, 2021 /CNW/ - Ontario's doctors expect the demand for mental health and addictions care will exist and grow for years after the COVID-19 pandemic, if history is any guide.
OHIP data suggests that Ontarians sought more mental health care from their doctors, for issues other than substance abuse, from March to December 2020 than for the same period in 2019. The OMA is holding a media briefing on this topic from 1-2 p.m. today. Register here.
Mental health diagnoses directly attributed to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic continued for another six years afterward. Studies of people who had to isolate or quarantine during SARS showed they experienced post-traumatic stress disorder and depression afterward.
"This past year has been exceptionally, unprecedentedly, stressful," said Dr. Samantha Hill, president of the Ontario Medical Association. "Ontarians worried about contracting COVID-19 or having a loved one do so; about finances and job security; about their children and parents tolerating the loneliness and isolation. To make matters worse, we did so without our usual coping mechanisms. We have been unable to hug each other, to surround ourselves with friends and family or to 'get away.' It's been harder than usual to go to the gym, to access psychological therapy and even buy groceries. Prolonged stress like this taxes our mental and physical health. The resulting need for mental health services further increases the pandemic deficit of health care."
OHIP data analyzed by the Ontario Medical Association suggests:
- At the start of the pandemic (March to July 2020), the number of visits to physicians for major and other mental health conditions was about the same as the previous year, possibly due to a lack of personal protective equipment in certain settings that limited in-person visits.
- There was an almost 8 per cent increase in major mental health visits and an almost 12 per cent increase in other mental health visits from August to December 2020 as more physicians and patients began using and receiving virtual care.
- There was a drop of nearly 13 per cent recorded for visits to physicians for substance abuse issues during the pandemic (March to December 2020), compared with the same part of 2019; this patient population is challenging to reach, probably does not respond well to virtual care and may have experienced high levels of disruption in housing and job security during the pandemic.
These statistics reflect only those mental health and addictions services provided by physicians and billed to OHIP. These services are also provided in Ontario by other health-care professionals and through employee assistance programs or private billings.
The OMA is studying these statistics to better understand what they mean and how doctors can address existing and post-pandemic mental health needs. It's possible that the number of visits for mental health and addictions services may be even higher than initial figures suggest.
"Ontario's doctors will continue to work with the government to provide the mental health and addiction supports needed for both patients and health-care workers," said OMA CEO Allan O'Dette. "The stronger our overall health-care system is, the better able we are to look after all aspects of our own and our community's well-being."
About the OMA
The Ontario Medical Association represents Ontario's 43,000-plus physicians, medical students and retired physicians, advocating for and supporting doctors while strengthening the leadership role of doctors in caring for patients. Our vision is to be the trusted voice in transforming Ontario's health-care system.
SOURCE Ontario Medical Association | <urn:uuid:0b8428f1-b74e-45f6-a090-d04496e4389e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.trainitright.com/ontarios-doctors-expect-huge-demand-for-mental-health-services-after-pandemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964742 | 739 | 2.0625 | 2 |
We are finally making strides in reducing animal cruelty in the world. The Ringling Brothers removing elephants from their show and Sea World finally ending the killer whale programs. However, their is a practice still being used with baby cows grown in tiny crates that is absolutely unacceptable and we need your help!
Despite intense public outcry, hundreds of thousands of calves raised for veal are confined in individual crates too narrow for them even to turn around. Tied by their necks to restrict their movement, they’re totally immobilized for their very short 16-week long lives.
Even the American Veterinary Medical Association says that calves should be able to turn around and the American Veal Association—the veal industry’s trade group—”recommends that the entire veal industry convert to the group housing methodology.”
I received this message in my Inbox from Change.org:
|Veal, the name given to meat from a baby cow, has gained a lot of negative attention over the years. One of the main reasons for this is veal crates, small enclosures that calves are forced to dwell in for the entirety of their 16-week lives. These crates are so narrow that the calves cannot even turn around. If that isn’t bad enough, calves in Florida are often kept in crates outside, under the blistering sun. Veal crates are inhumane and should be banned.
Many organizations have recommend that the entire veal industry should convert to the group housing methodology — keeping calves together for their short lives. Even Randy Strauss, the CEO of the nation’s largest veal producer, calls veal crates “inhumane and archaic,” acknowledging that they “do nothing more than subject a calf to stress, fear, physical harm and pain.”
Too many states still allow veal crates, and Florida is one of the biggest. Arizona, California, Colorado, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Ohio, and Rhode Island have already stepped up and banned veal crates. Let’s tell Florida it’s time to do the same.Help put an end to this inhumane practice by signing this petition to ban veal crates in Florida and stop baby cows grown in tiny crates.
So I’d ask you to sign this petition and help us stop this practice. You can make a difference. You can also make a difference by educating yourself and not buying veal. Retailers such as Wolfgang Puck and Bon Appétit no longer serve veal from calves confined in crates. Strauss Veal (the largest U.S. veal producer) and Marcho Farms have both converted their veal operations to crate-free housing.
The Humane Society offers materials that make it easier for consumers to avoid supporting veal crates—and that’s one of the ways you can help! Some include their guide to meat and dairy labels, our list of dairy-free and delicious products, and dozens of delicious, humane recipes.
Sandy J. Duncan is an author, health and wellness coach, freelance writer, Mompreneur of 5 teenagers and her blogs include AllNaturalHealthReviews.org and Got-Oils.com.
Related Blog: http://www.naturalnewsblogs.com/read-this-before-pigging-out-on-dominos-pizza/
Please share Baby cows grown in tiny crates | <urn:uuid:e6f2405c-3de1-4e37-b1a7-9d6c537e72b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naturalnewsblogs.com/baby-cows-grown-tiny-crates-florida-can-help-stop-horrific-practice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.931396 | 812 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Oil on canvas
Framed: 224.5 x 201.3 x 11.4 cm (88 3/8 x 79 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 196 x 170 cm (77 3/16 x 66 15/16 in.); Former: 223.5 x 198 x 9 cm (88 x 77 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.)
Bequest of John L. Severance 1942.645
Her family affectionately referred to Mary Jemima (at right) as "Mouse."
Sisters Amabel (left) and Mary Jemima are shown playing on the grounds of their family’s country estate outside London. They wear loose, flowing garments invented specifically for the portrait rather than their usual outdoor dresses. Their father commissioned the painting to hang in the family’s city home in London’s St. James Square and it highlights their status as landowners. Joshua Reynolds painted this portrait after his return from Italy, where his studies inspired him to incorporate classical references. The famous ancient Roman Statue of a Girl with a Dove is echoed in Mary Jemima’s pose as she shields a dove from the family dog.
The information about this object, including provenance information, is based on historic information and may not be currently accurate or complete. Research on objects is an ongoing process, but the information about this object may not reflect the most current information available to CMA. If you notice a mistake or have additional information about this object, please email email@example.com.
To request more information about this object, study images, or bibliography, contact the Ingalls Library Reference Desk.
Request a digital file from Image Services that is not available through CC0, a detail image, or any image with a color bar. If you have questions about requesting an image, please email firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:f9fb4be9-12ef-4dd0-a0e3-d71a9d0413a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1942.645 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.911408 | 407 | 2.046875 | 2 |
In experimental studies of sentence acceptability, commonly known as “experimental syntax,” perhaps the most robust and widespread result is the degradation associated with long-distance wh-extraction. That is, with lexically and structurally matched sentences such as in (1), the presence of a wh-dependency that crosses a clause boundary, as in (1b), leads to a significant drop in acceptability relative to a sentence without such a dependency, as in (1a).
- Who thinks that Mary saw you?
- Who do you think that Mary saw __ ?
This basic result has been found across many studies and across many languages (e.g., Cowart, 1997; Alexopoulou & Keller 2007; Keffala 2011; Sprouse et al. 2012; Rodríguez & Goodall 2020; Fanselow 2021; Goodall 2021).
On the one hand, this result seems very surprising. Both (1a) and (1b) are standardly considered fully grammatical, so to the extent that acceptability is linked to grammaticality, one would not expect the two sentence types to differ significantly. Long-distance extraction does lead to a large drop in acceptability when it is out of an island, of course, but that is not the situation in (1b). In fact, the that-clause as in (1b) is the canonical example of an environment in which long-distance extraction is thought to be perfectly well-formed.
On the other hand, it is well known that long-distance wh-dependencies, even in non-island environments such as (1b), pose special burdens for the processor (see Fodor 1978; Wanner & Maratsos 1978) and much subsequent work), reflecting the possible activation of processes such as storing the wh-phrase filler in working memory, predicting the upcoming gap, retrieving the filler and integrating the filler into the gap position. In reading time studies, activities such as these are inferred from increased reading time at certain crucial regions in the sentence ((Frazier & Clifton 1989; Chen et al. 2005; Gibson 1998; 2000), while in ERP studies, they are suggested by the presence of certain characteristic ERP components (Kluender & Kutas 1993). In acceptability studies, the fact that the dependency induces such a large degradation suggests that these processing difficulties have an effect on acceptability as well, even in the absence of any grammatical violation. This effect does not seem to be detectable through traditional means of collecting acceptability judgments, such as fieldwork or introspection, but it is easily detectable in acceptability experiments and yields very striking results.
The robust degradation associated with long-distance wh-dependencies out of non-island environments has thus been abundantly documented and can be reasonably tied, at least in part, to known difficulties that these dependencies pose for the processor. It has also been abundantly documented, however, that a much larger degradation occurs with extraction out of island environments, as in the samples in (2).
- Who did you wonder [whether Mary saw ___]? (whether-island)
- Who did you ask [who saw ___]? (wh-island)
- Who did you scream [when Mary saw ___]? (adjunct island: when)
- Who did you scream [because Mary saw ___]? (adjunct island: because)
- Who did you scream [after Mary saw ___]? (adjunct island: before/after)
The source of this additional degradation is still a matter of debate, but there is little doubt that there is a significant distinction between extraction out of that-clauses, as in (1b), and extraction out of island clauses, as in (2) (see, e.g., Sprouse & Hornstein 2013; Sprouse & Villata 2021).
We aim to shed light on this distinction by examining how it operates in second-language (L2) speakers. We begin by asking whether L2 speakers show the type of degradation that L1 speakers display with long-distance extraction. The answer to this question is not currently known, as there have been relatively few studies of L2 speakers in the experimental syntax tradition, and none that address this question specifically (but see Ortega-Santos et al. 2018).1 As for processing difficulties that might induce such a degradation, the previous literature offers a mixed picture as to what we might expect. Many studies suggest that long-distance wh-dependencies are difficult for L2 speakers in a way that is very similar to what has been found for L1 speakers. These studies (e.g., Dallas & Kaan 2008; Aldwayan et al. 2010; Omaki & Schulz 2011; Pliatsikas & Marinis 2013; Kim et al. 2015; Cunnings 2017; Pliatsikas et al. 2017) suggest that L2 speakers actively search for a gap once they have processed the wh-filler, using lexical properties of the verb and structural properties of the clause to detect likely gap positions. These are the types of processes that are assumed to lead to a cost in terms of acceptability for L1 speakers, so if these studies of L2 processing are correct, then we would expect to find the same type of degradation among L2 speakers. In fact, it may even be that long-distance dependencies impose a greater burden in an L2 than they do in an L1, in that some studies find that L2 speakers are less efficient and/or less reliable in their ability to resolve these dependencies (Love et al. 2003; Felser and Roberts 2007; Dallas et al. 2013; Leal et al. 2017; Jessen et al. 2017), so it could be that the degradation among L2 speakers would be even greater than it is among L1 speakers. Other studies, however, argue that L2 speakers do not employ the same mechanisms as L1 speakers when dealing with filler-gap dependencies. In particular, some have argued, based on reading-time measures, that L2 speakers make use of “shallow structure” strategies in which they avoid, at least partially, a full syntactic parse of the sentence (Marinis et al. 2005; Felser et al. 2012). If this type of account is correct, one might expect to find only a relatively small degradation with long-distance extraction in L2, given that the full range of processing resources used in L1 in these cases would not need to be marshalled here.
We also ask whether L2 speakers show the even greater degradation expected with extraction out of island contexts. Here there is already an extensive existing literature suggesting that L2 speakers do clearly distinguish between islands and non-islands in terms of extraction (Martohardjono 1993; White & Juffs 1998; Belikova & White 2009; Aldwayan et al. 2010; Kim & Goodall 2011; Omaki & Schulz 2011; Kim et al. 2015; Kim & Goodall 2016; Johnson et al. 2016; Goodall 2022), but it is not known what the size of the degradation is, how it compares with the degradation in cases like (1), and how the difference in the amount of degradation between islands and non-islands compares to that observed in L1 speakers.
Examining L2 speakers for these types of degradation turns out to be of interest because of two facts that we will uncover. First, we will see that L2 speakers do show significant degradation in acceptability with regard to extraction out of that-clauses. This is in accord with the idea from the literature that L1 and L2 speakers engage in similar mechanisms when processing these structures (and casts doubt on suggestions that L2 speakers do only a shallow parse). In fact, the degradation is significantly larger among L2 speakers than among L1 speakers, and the amount of L2 degradation decreases and approaches the amount of L1 degradation as the length of exposure to the L2 increases. Second, L2 speakers also show a very large degradation with extraction out of islands, but in this case, the size of the degradation in L1 and L2 populations is very similar. Putting these two facts together, we see that L1 and L2 speakers both display degradation with long-distance extraction, in both non-island and island contexts, but with a difference: L1 speakers show a sharp difference in the amount of degradation between non-islands and islands, but L2 speakers do not, at least initially. L2 speakers show L1-like degradation for islands, but they show a similar amount of degradation for non-islands as well.
Put more simply, our results show that L2 speakers initially treat non-island clauses as if they were islands in terms of the size of the degradation associated with long-distance extraction. Only as their length of exposure to the language increases do they gradually begin to treat these clauses as true non-islands and does a clear distinction between island and non-island environments begin to emerge for them. This surprising result suggests that long-distance extraction does not arise immediately once simple extraction and complementation are in place, but rather takes time to develop, a conclusion that receives independent support from what is known about long-distance extraction out of non-islands more generally. All embedded clauses are islands at first, under this view, and it is only through exposure that speakers learn to do long-distance extraction.
We base our conclusions on a series of sentence acceptability experiments with both L1 and L2 speakers. In section 1, we present the results of an experiment that compares sentences with a long-distance dependency out of a that-clause to matched sentences without the dependency. Both groups of speakers show a degradation in this case, but it is significantly larger for the L2 speakers. In section 2, we present five experiments that examine extraction out of island environments. Here too, both groups show degradation, but the L2 speakers do not show increased degradation over the L1 speakers here, suggesting that when they do so with that-clauses, it is not because they are simply worse than L1 speakers at processing long-distance dependencies in general. If that were the case, we would expect to see an L1 vs. L2 difference for islands like what we see for non-islands. In section 3, we bring the results of all the experiments together and explore the implications of our primary finding, that for L2 speakers, the island/non-island distinction seems to emerge as exposure to the language increases.
1 Experiment 1
As we saw earlier, the fact that long-distance extraction leads to significant degradation has been extensively documented in sentence acceptability experiments with L1 speakers. It is not known, however, if L2 speakers show the same effect. Given the research results discussed above suggesting that L1 and L2 speakers process long-distance dependencies in very similar ways, one would expect that L2 speakers would also exhibit degradation in this case, but if L2 speakers use very different strategies for processing these dependencies, as has also been suggested in the literature, then we would not necessarily expect to find a similar amount of degradation. In our first experiment, we address this issue directly by analyzing participants’ responses to long-distance dependencies in comparison to matched sentences without such dependencies in both L1 and L2 populations. This will allow us to determine whether degradation occurs in the two populations and if so, whether there is a difference in size.
60 L1 speakers of English and 63 L2 speakers of English (L1 Korean) participated in the experiment. The L2 group was divided into three sub-groups based on Age of Arrival (AoA) in the U.S.: 1–5, 6–10, and 11–14. We take AoA in our study to be a proxy for amount of exposure to the L2, with AoA 1–5 as the group with the largest amount of exposure and AoA 11–14 as the group with the smallest. We do this for two reasons. First, all three groups have very similar mean current ages, so AoA is highly (and negatively) correlated with length of residence. Second, all of the participants in our study are beyond the critical age of 17.4 years, which is when, assuming the findings in Hartshorne et al. (2018), the rate of learning substantially declines. Even for participants with the same length of residence, then, those in the AoA 1–5 group will have had more years of highly efficient learning than those in the AoA 6–10 group, who in turn will have had more than those in the AoA 11–14 group.
After the experiment session, all participants took an English proficiency test created for this experiment consisting of a multiple-choice vocabulary section (21 questions) and two cloze passages (5 sentences in the first and 3 sentences in the second, with 7 items in each passage). A one-way ANOVA, with proficiency score as a dependent variable and group (i.e. native and the three L2 groups) as a between-subjects factor showed a significant effect of group (F (3, 119) = 12.89, p < .0001). A Pearson correlation analysis between proficiency scores and AoA also revealed a significant negative correlation between the two (r = –.33, N = 63, p = .009, two tails). Further details about the participants are given in Table 1.
|Group||L1||AoA 1–5||AoA 6–10||AoA 11–14|
|AoA||Mean (SD)Range||1 year (1.8) 1–5||8 years (1.5) 6–10||12 years (.09) 11–14|
|Current age||Mean (SD)Range||21 years (2.7)18–36||20 years (2.1)18–25||21 years (2.4)18–30||22 years (4)18–37|
|Length of Residence in the U.S.||Mean (SD)Range||19 years (2.8) 14–25||13 years (2.2) 9–20||10 years (4.1) 7–25|
|Proficiency test scores||Mean (SD)Range||80.8% (4.1)68.6–88.6||78.3% (5.2)71.4–85.7||78.2% (5.3)65.7–82.9||71.7% (9.9)51.4–82.9|
1.2 Materials and methods
All experimental stimuli in this experiment were wh-questions with embedded that-clauses, but they differed in terms of the length of the wh-dependency. In the short-dependency condition, as in (3a), the gap is within the matrix clause, but in the long-dependency condition, as in (3b), the gap is within the embedded clause.
- Who __ thought [that Lisa bothered Mary]?
- Who did Mary think [that Lisa bothered __ ]?
Crucially, (3a) and (3b) are of essentially equal length and have the same number of clauses, but only (3b) contains a non-vacuous wh-dependency. Participants saw 5 tokens of each of these two conditions. Given discussions in the literature (e.g., Cowart 1997; Sprouse & Almeida 2017; Goodall 2021), 5 tokens per condition would appear to yield more than enough statistical power to detect a linguistically significant effect, if there is one to be found. Five lexically matched sets of stimuli as in (3) were created and distributed into 2 lists using a Latin Square procedure. 2 additional lists were created by reversing the order of stimuli. Each list also contained 95 additional stimuli (50 items from other sub-experiments and 45 fillers) that spanned the full range of acceptability and acted as fillers for this experiment. Each participant thus saw 105 stimuli in total.
Participants were instructed to rate each sentence on a scale from 1 (“bad”) to 7 (“good”) based on how the sentence sounded to them. They were instructed not to analyze the sentence, but to give their first reaction to it. The stimuli were presented in written form on a computer screen, with the rating scale showing as a set of evenly-spaced radio buttons. Participants had no time limits (see Goodall (2021) for discussion of the speed at which participants typically rate sentences).
A linear mixed effects model was run, using the lmer function in the lme4 package for R (Bates et al. 2015). All p-values were calculated by Satterthwaite approximation, using the lmerTest package (Kuznetsova et al. 2017). First, to see whether each group shows the expected distance effect, z-scores of native speakers and L2 speakers were entered into a linear mixed effects model, with the fixed factor dependency distance (a short dependency, as in (3a), vs. a long dependency, as in (3b)) and the random factors of participants and items as well as the maximal random effect structure. As represented in Table 2, the results revealed a significant main effect of dependency distance in all groups, in line with the well-established finding for L1 in the previous literature. Notably, this effect is found not just in the L2 speaker group as a whole (as well as the L1 group), but in each of the AoA sub-groups when examined individually. All groups thus show a significant degradation in response to a long-distance wh-dependency.
|All L2 speakers|
To see whether the distance effect differs in size between L1 and L2, the model was run again with dependency distance and group (L1 vs. L2) as fixed factors, participants and items as random intercepts, and by-participant and by-item random slopes for dependency distance and a by-item random slope for group. The model revealed significant main effects of dependency distance (Estimate = – 0.067, SE = 0.103, t = 8.637, p < 0.001) and group (Estimate = 0.273, SE = 0.106, t = 2.585, p = 0.019), as well as significant interaction of the two factors (Estimate= –0.329, SE = 0.124, t = –2.665, p = 0.019). To see whether this difference in the size of the distance effect is significant not just for L1 vs. L2, but also for all four groups (L1 and the three AoA sub-groups for L2), one model was run with an interaction between dependency distance and group (four groups), while a second was run without this interaction. The anova function showed a significant difference between these two models (p < 0.001), suggesting that the interaction between dependency distance and group is significant.
The size of the degradation associated with the presence of a long-distance dependency can be calculated by subtracting the mean of the condition with this dependency, as in (3b), from the mean of the condition without it, as in (3a). The results are displayed in Figure 3 for L1 and L2. A one-way between-subjects ANOVA with the independent variable of group (L1 and L2) and the dependent variable of the effect size yielded a significant main effect of group (F(1,121) = 18.334, p < .0001). Figure 4 shows the results broken down by AoA subgroups. A one-way between-subjects ANOVA with the independent variable of group (L1, AoA 1–5, AoA 6–10, AoA 11–14) and the dependent variable of the effect size yielded a significant main effect of group (F(3,119) = 7.04, p < .0001). In addition, a regression analysis showed a significant correlation between AoA and effect size (R2 = .13, F (1, 121) = 18.056, p < .0001, ß = 0.36, t = 4.249) (for L1, AoA was set as 0).
In summary, the results show that the presence of a long-distance wh-dependency causes a significant decline in acceptability in all groups but that the size of this decline varies significantly by group, with the decline becoming greater as AoA increases.
The most basic question that Experiment 1 addresses is whether L2 speakers exhibit the degradation associated with long-distance extraction that has been very well attested with L1 speakers in formal sentence acceptability experiments. The results of the experiment show that they do, in that long-distance dependencies are significantly less acceptable than matched sentences with short dependencies for both L1 and L2 participants, as expected. Given this, we can now ask whether this degradation in acceptability is of the same size in the two groups. The answer is clearly negative: The degradation for the L2 speakers is significantly larger than it is for the L1 speakers. This supports the view that L2 speakers encounter some difficulty in performing long-distance dependencies that L1 speakers do not. Moreover, Experiment 1 found a significant correlation between AoA and the size of the decline associated with long-distance extraction. That is, the later the AoA, the more difficulty the speaker has with long-distance dependencies. It thus appears that increased exposure to the language leads to a more native-like level of degradation in acceptability (i.e., less degradation) for long-distance extraction.
Experiment 1 shows us clearly that long-distance filler-gap dependencies induce degradation in acceptability for both L1 and L2 speakers, but that L2 speakers seem to encounter more difficulties than L1 speakers do. It does not tell us much about what these difficulties might consist of, however. For that, we turn to the series of experiments presented in the next section.
2 Experiments 2–6
The results of Experiment 1 suggest that L2 speakers face additional difficulty with long-distance dependencies beyond that experienced by L1 speakers. Broadly speaking, this additional difficulty could have one of two sources. First, it could stem from something about the participants’ ability to deal with filler-gap dependencies in general. As we saw in the introduction, it may be that L2 speakers are generally less efficient in the way they resolve these dependencies than L1 speakers, so one might expect this L2 disadvantage to become apparent in the amount of degradation in acceptability. This view might be even more likely since the L2 speakers in Experiment 1 are all L1 speakers of Korean. This language does not use extraction in wh-questions, so it could be that wh-dependencies still pose a challenge to these speakers, leading to decreased acceptability. Caution is in order, since the L2 participants in the experiment have lived in an English-speaking environment for many years (minimum Length of Residence = 7 years; average Length of Residence = 16 years) and even in their native Korean, filler-gap dependencies are common in other contexts, but still, it could be that the participants’ L1 contributes to a generally reduced ability to manage filler-gap dependencies.
Alternatively, it could be that the difficulty experienced by L2 participants in Experiment 1 is not so much about filler-gap dependencies in general, but more about the specific structure tested. That is, these speakers might have the general capacity to manage filler-gap dependencies, but still have difficulty in positing a gap in the specific environment of a complement that-clause, which is where the L1/L2 difference was seen.
In Experiments 2-6, we tease apart these two possibilities by testing extraction across a range of other structures. As in Experiment 1, we will compare sentences that have a long-distance dependency to matched sentences that do not. The structures tested will all be island structures. We know that L1 speakers find extraction out of such structures very difficult, whether this is due to effects of processing or grammar (see Phillips 2013 for discussion), and that this difficulty is manifested in acceptability experiments in terms of a very large degradation (significantly larger than the degradation associated with extraction out of a that-clause; see Sprouse et al. 2012; Sprouse & Villata 2021). For L2 speakers, a degradation of this type has not been documented to the same extent, but we expect it to occur, given the findings in the literature that L2 speakers appear to be sensitive to island constraints (Martohardjono 1993; White & Juffs 1998; Belikova & White 2009; Aldwayan et al. 2010; Omaki & Schulz 2011; Kim et al. 2015; Johnson et al. 2016; Kim & Goodall 2016; Boxell & Felser 2017).
The main questions that we address in these experiments concern the size of the degradation and any differences in that regard between the L1 and L2 participants. If the L2 speakers have a reduced ability (relative to the L1 speakers) to handle filler-gap dependencies in general, we then expect to see the same effect here that we did in Experiment 1. That is, the L2 participants should show a significantly larger degradation in acceptability than the L1 participants when faced with extraction out of these island structures. This is because L2 speakers would have the same difficulty with extraction out of islands that L1 speakers do, but this would be in addition to their baseline difficulty with long-distance extraction in general. We should also expect to find a correlation between AoA and degree of degradation, as we did in Experiment 1, where we saw that increased exposure to the language seemed to lead to increased ability to handle long-distance extraction. As their baseline ability to do long-distance extraction improves, we would expect to see a decrease in the amount of degradation for extraction out of islands, until it approaches that of L1 speakers.
If, on the other hand, the difficulty for L2 participants in Experiment 1 has to do with the specifics of extraction out of complement that-clauses and does not stem from some generalized difficulty with long-distance extraction, then we should expect that in these new experiments, L1 and L2 speakers would have about equal amounts of degradation, and for the L2 speakers, there should be no correlation between AoA and the size of the degradation.
All the experiments reported here were administered as sub-experiments within a single larger experiment, so the participants in Experiments 2–6 were the same as in Experiment 1.
2.2 Materials and methods
In each of Experiments 2–6, there were two conditions. As in Experiment 1, both were biclausal wh-questions, with either a short dependency (i.e., gap in the matrix clause) or a long dependency (i.e., gap in the embedded clause). Unlike in Experiment 1, the embedded clauses in Experiments 2–6 were all islands, so at least for L1 participants, we expect the long dependency condition to be substantially degraded. (4) – (8) show the type of island structure used in each experiment and give sample stimuli of the two conditions in each.
- Experiment 2: whether-island
- Who ___ wondered [whether Lisa bothered Mary]?
- Who did Mary wonder [whether Lisa bothered ___]?
- Experiment 3: wh-island (who)
- Who ___ heard [who bothered Mary]?
- Who did Mary hear [who bothered ___]?
- Experiment 4: adjunct island with a when-clause
- Who ___ screamed [when Lisa bothered Mary]?
- Who did Mary scream [when Lisa bothered ___]?
- Experiment 5: adjunct island with a because-clause
- Who ___ screamed [because Lisa bothered Mary]?
- Who did Mary scream [because Lisa bothered ___]?
- Experiment 6: adjunct island with a clause headed by before or after
- Who ___ screamed [after Lisa bothered Mary]?
- Who did Mary scream [after Lisa bothered ___]?
Stimuli for these conditions were created and distributed into lists in the same way as in Experiment 1. The task for the participants was also the same, since all six experiments were administered as sub-experiments within a single, larger experiment.
Statistical analyses were run as in Exp. 1 and the results are summarized in Tables 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. As expected, the presence of a long-distance dependency resulted in a significant decline in acceptability in all five experiments for both the L1 group and the L2 group, as well as when the L2 group is broken down into the three AoA groups.
|All L2 speakers|
|All L2 speakers|
|All L2 speakers|
|All L2 speakers|
|All L2 speakers|
To see whether the decline in acceptability varies between L1 and L2, we ran the model again with dependency distance and group (L1 and L2) as fixed factors, participants and items as random intercepts, and by-participant and by-item random slopes for dependency distance and a by-item random slope for group. As shown in Table 8, the main effect of distance was significant in all experiments, but the main effect of group and its interaction with dependency distance were not significant, except in Experiment 2 (whether-island). In that experiment, the effect for dependency distance was smaller for L2 than for L1 and the interaction between dependency distance and group was significant.
To see whether the decline in acceptability varies across all four groups (L1 and the three AoA sub-groups for L2), one model was run with an interaction between dependency distance and group (four groups) and another without this interaction. This procedure was done for each experiment separately. The anova function showed a significant difference between the two models in Experiments 2, 4, and 5 (Experiments 2, and 4: p = 0.001; Experiment 5: p = 0.039), but not in Experiments 3 and 6 (Experiment 3: p = 0.124; Experiment 6: p = 0.053), suggesting a significant interaction between dependency distance and group in the former cases, but not in the latter ones. As we will see, however, even in the cases where there is an interaction, there is no pattern of the degradation increasing as AoA increases in the manner of the results from Exp. 1.
As in Exp. 1, the size of the degradation induced by the presence of a long-distance dependency may be calculated by subtracting the mean of the long-distance dependency condition from that of the matching condition without this dependency. These effect sizes are shown in Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 for the L1 and L2 groups in each experiment.
One-way ANOVAs with the between-subjects variable of group (L1 and L2) and the dependent variable of the effect size show that the size of the degradation is significantly larger for L1 than for L2 in Experiment 2 (F (1, 121) = 8.17, p = .005), but that there is no significant difference between L1 and L2 in Experiments 3–6 (Exp. 3: F (1, 121) = .773, p = .381; Exp. 4: F (1, 121) = 3.616, p = .06; Exp. 5: F (1, 121) = 1.451, p = .231; Exp. 6: F (1, 121) = 1.16, p = .284). In none of the cases examined here is the degradation significantly larger for L2 than for L1.
A more fine-grained view of the degradation associated with the long-distance dependency is shown in Figure 20, where the L2 group is broken down into three AoA subgroups.
One-way between-participants ANOVAs with the independent factor of group (L1, AoA 1–5, AoA 6–10, AoA 11–14) and the dependent variable of the size of the degradation show a significant difference in the size of degradation between four groups in Experiments 2, 4 and 5 (Exp. 2:F (1, 119) = 5.796, p = .001; Exp. 4: F (1, 119) = 4.677, p = .004; Exp. 5: F (1, 119) = 3.003, p = .033), and no such difference in Experiments 3 and 6 (Exp. 3:F (1, 119) = .194, p = .114; Exp. 6: F (1, 119) = 1.651, p = .181)). Post-hoc Bonferroni tests show that the difference was mainly significant between L1 and AoA 11–14 and between AoA 1–5 and AoA 11–14 (p <.05). A regression analysis shows a significant correlation between the size of the degradation and AoA in Experiment 2 (R2 = .087, F (1, 121) = 11.574, p =.001, ß = –.295, t = – 3.302) and Experiment 4 (R2 = .089, F (1, 121) = 11.797, p =.001, ß = –.298, t = – 3.435), but not in Experiment 3 (R2 = .016, F (1, 121) = 1.909, p =.17, ß = –.125, t = – 1.382), Experiment 5 (R2 = .021, F (1, 121) = 2.588, p =.11, ß = –.145, t = – 1.609), and Experiment 6 (R2 < .0001, F (1, 121) = .001, p =.977, ß = .003, t = .029). In none of these experiments, however, does the size of degradation consistently increase as AoA increases, unlike what we saw in Exp. 1.
Unlike what we saw in Exp. 1, then, in Exp. 2–6 the degradation induced by a long-distance dependency is not consistently larger for L2 speakers than it is for L1. One possible explanation for the lack of greater degradation for L2 is that there could be a floor effect here. That is, perhaps island violations are so low in acceptability that the L2 participants did not have enough room at the bottom of the scale to register the true size of the degradation. Though initially plausible, this explanation is not supported by the results. Figures 21, 22, 23, 24 show the island-violating condition (i.e., the long dependency condition) in relation to all of the filler items in Experiment 6 (used here as a sample; Experiments 2–5 are very similar). For all four sub-groups, the island-violating condition is distant from the worst of the fillers. This suggests there is no floor effect artificially raising the mean for this condition; if participants had felt that acceptability was lower, they could have given it a lower score.
In general, then, for the structures examined in Experiments 2–6, the L1 and L2 participants behaved in a remarkably similar fashion. Both showed significant declines in acceptability when extraction occurred out of any of the five island structures tested, and the degradation for the L2 group was never significantly larger than for the L1 group. In addition, there was no consistent increase in the size of the degradation as AoA increased. Among other things, all of this suggests that L1 and L2 speakers are generally very similar in the way that they process long-distance dependencies. The structures tested here all require speakers to deploy fine-grained grammatical knowledge, as well as storage, retrieval, and integration of the filler at the gap site, and we see no sign here that L2 speakers perform this task in a substantially different way than L1 speakers.
3 General discussion
In all six of the experiments presented above, we measured the acceptability of long-distance extraction across a range of structures for both L1 and L2 speakers. For all speakers and for all structures, we found that the long-distance dependency triggered a significant degradation in acceptability, replicating what has been found in many other studies for L1, but documenting this for the first time for L2. What is particularly interesting, though, is the difference in results between Experiment 1, on the one hand, and Experiments 2–6 on the other. In Experiment 1, we tested extraction out of complement that-clauses, a case that is standardly assumed to be grammatically licit. Both L1 and L2 speakers showed the expected degradation when a long-distance extraction was present, relative to matched sentences without such a dependency, but the degradation was significantly larger for the L2 speakers. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the size of the degradation and AoA: as the latter increased, so did the former. In Experiments 2–6, we tested extraction out of island structures, i.e., embedded clauses that are known to result in a much larger degradation for extraction than the that-clauses that were tested in Experiment 1, reflecting the standard assumption that gaps in these structures are unacceptable to some degree. In these cases, the L1 and L2 speakers largely tracked together, and there was not the same correlation between the size of the degradation and AoA.
Put simply, the L1 speakers showed a sharp difference between that-clauses (in Experiment 1) and islands (in Experiments 2–6) with regard to the size of the degradation induced by the long-distance dependency, but L2 speakers did not. For L1 speakers, extraction from that-clauses resulted in an average degradation of .56, in z-score units, while the smallest counterpart among the islands (wh-islands) was .97, with the other islands ranging up to 1.81 (adjunct islands with when), as seen in Figure 4 and Figure 20. For L2 speakers, on the other hand, extraction from that-clauses caused a degradation of .89, statistically indistinguishable from the degradation of .90 for wh-islands. As we have seen, the size of the degradation with that-clauses is correlated with AoA, so as AoA decreases, extraction from that-clauses becomes more and more distinct from extraction from islands. Given that in our study, it is reasonable to take AoA as a proxy for amount of exposure to the language (see the discussion in the introduction), it appears that as the amount of exposure to the language increases, extraction from that-clauses becomes more native-like and more distinct from extraction from islands.
Descriptively, then, the L2 speakers treat complement that-clauses as islands, in the sense that extraction from them causes a degradation in acceptability on a par with the classical islands. As L2 speakers accumulate more years of exposure to the language, though, they treat that-clauses less like islands and more in line with the behavior of L1 speakers.
Why would L2 speakers do this? That is, why would they treat complement that-clauses as islands, but then gradually stop doing this over time? We cannot give a definitive answer here, but we can point to ways in which this result is not as surprising as it might seem at first glance. In what follows, we will see facts from three domains, cross-linguistic variation in long-distance extraction, long-distance extraction in child English, and lexical restrictions on long-distance extraction, all of which suggest that long-distance extraction is not simply the default option once speakers have acquired embedded clauses and wh-extraction. Rather, speakers must actively construct environments in which extraction out of embedded clauses is possible, and learning how to do this takes time (see Culicover & Jackendoff 2005; Pearl & Sprouse 2013 for additional discussion on this point).
3.1 Cross-linguistic variation in long-distance extraction
Given a familiarity with English, it is easy to have the impression that any language which permits complement clauses and extraction of wh-phrases will also allow extraction out of complement clauses, resulting in long-distance extraction. This is not the case, however, as many languages do not readily allow long-distance extraction even though they appear to have all the needed components for doing so.
Russian is one such language (see Ross 1967 and much subsequent discussion), in that extraction out of indicative complement clauses with an overt complementizer is very degraded. Russian allows (and in fact, generally requires) extraction of wh-phrases, as seen in (9), and it allows indicative complement clauses, as seen in (10) (data from Khomitsevich 2008).
- ljubit __ ?
- ‘Who does Masha love __ ?’
- ‘Ivan knows that Masha loves Peter.’
When we try to do extraction as in (9) out of an embedded clause as in (10), however, speakers report a very substantial decline in acceptability, as seen in (11) (from Khomitsevich 2008).
- priglasil __ ?
- ‘Who do you think that Ivan invited __ ?’
There is also a decline in these circumstances in English, as we have observed, but the decline in Russian appears to be much greater, as many speakers find sentences such as (11) very unacceptable, and the difference between (10) and (11) can be easily detected by individual speakers even without the use of a formal acceptability experiment.
Cases such as this suggest very strongly that for L1 acquisition, at least, children need some direct input to know that long-distance extraction is possible. Simply having evidence that extraction is possible, as in (9), and that complement clauses are possible, as in (10), is not enough, since if it were, speakers would accept sentences like (11). Instead, they seem to need some positive evidence that long-distance extraction is possible in environments of this type. Children exposed to English get this evidence, but those exposed to Russian apparently do not.
In addition, many languages that allow long-distance extraction nonetheless offer ways to avoid it. “Partial wh-movement,” for instance, occurs in many languages as an alternative to long-distance wh-extraction (Fanselow 2006). The wh-phrase appears at the left edge of the embedded clause, even though it is understood as having scope over the entire sentence. In Indonesian (Saddy 1991), for instance, long-distance extraction is possible, as in (a), but it is also possible to have partial extraction, as in (b) (gap sites, including the one necessitated by successive cyclicity, are indicated by “__”).
- [ __
- cintai __ ]
- cintai __ ]
As has often been pointed out (see Fanselow 2006 and references cited there), structures such as (12b) seem odd at first, because the wh-phrase appears neither in its argument position (as object of cintai ‘love’), nor in its scope position (as it does in (12a)). The fact that so many languages allow the option of (12b), though, suggests that (12a) is not as ideal a structure as it might seem, and the fact that speakers avail themselves of (12b) even though (12a) is also available suggests something similar at the level of production.
“Partial wh-movement” languages thus show that even when long-distance extraction is allowed, the language may also provide a way to avoid it and in that case, speakers makes use of this option. Children exposed to these languages do hear direct positive evidence for the existence of long-distance extraction, but they nonetheless still sometimes refrain from using it.
Further evidence that children are cautious in adopting long-distance extraction comes from languages that give the appearance of allowing long-distance extraction, but actually do not. Sundanese, another Austronesian language of Indonesia, is one such example (Davies & Kurniawan 2013). The wh-question in (13), for instance, looks like a typical long-distance filler-gap structure.
- ‘What did Ahmad suspect that Deden hid?’
There is a wh-word at the left edge of the sentence, naon ‘what’, that is understood as an argument of the main verb of the embedded clause, sumput ‘hide. Davies & Kurniawan (2013) show that treating this as a filler-gap (A’) structure would seem to be incorrect, though, since several characteristic properties of filler-gap dependencies are not present. One such property is “reconstruction,” in which the filler behaves as if it occupied the gap position. This property may be seen, for example, by embedding a reflexive inside the wh-phrase filler. One would expect such a configuration to be ill-formed, since reflexives must be in a specific structural relationship with an antecedent that would not be possible in this case, but it is nonetheless possible. A sample from English is given in (14).
- [Which picture of herself] do you think [that Mary has purchased __ ] ?
The reflexive herself here is able to take Mary as its antecedent only because of reconstruction, which allows it to be treated as if it were in the gap position. That reconstruction is specifically a property of filler-gap structures may be seen in (15), which is much less acceptable than (14).
- ?*[This picture of herself] seems to have been purchased by Mary.
(14) and (15) are similar in that in both, herself is in a phrase that precedes Mary, but only in (14) is herself within the filler in a filler-gap structure. The crucial piece of evidence regarding Sundanese, then, is that the equivalent of (14) is not acceptable:
- ‘Which picture of selfi is it suspected that Asepi looked at?
In (16), dirina sorangan ‘self’ is within the wh-phrase, so if this were a standard filler-gap (A’) structure, we would expect it to be able to take Asép as its antecedent.
Because of evidence of this type, Davies and Kurniawan conclude that wh-questions as in (13) in Sundanese do not involve the same mechanism that produces filler-gap structures as in English. If correct, it means that when children encounter wh-questions as in (13), they do not opt for what might seem to be the most straightforward analysis, involving long-distance extraction of the wh-phrase and a filler-gap structure. Instead, they take a more conservative route, finding a way to generate the string in (13) using only mechanisms that are independently needed (as Davies and Kurniawan show is possible, though space prevents discussion here). This is important for our present concerns, because it suggests that children adopt long-distance extraction only if there is no alternative. In Sundanese, there is an alternative, so the mechanism of long-distance extraction goes unused, resulting in the lack of reconstruction effects, among other things, as in (16).
Together, the facts discussed in this section suggest that learners do not assume that long-distance extraction is possible, and even if they discover that it is possible, speakers will sometimes avoid it if the language makes that option available. For L2 acquisition, then, it makes sense, especially for learners whose L1 does not make use of long-distance wh-extraction, to be very cautious about concluding that long-distance extraction is possible in the new language. They would presumably need a lot of evidence in the input to reach this conclusion, yet analyses suggest that such input is relatively infrequent. Phillips (2013), for instance (see also Pearl & Sprouse 2013), shows that well under 10% of the wh-questions in a written corpus involve long-distance extraction. The basic scenario that our experiments have portrayed here, in which learners do become close to native-like in their ability to process long-distance extraction, but only after many years of exposure, makes sense given this background. L2 learners do get the input that they need to realize that long-distance extraction is possible, but it takes time for this input to have an impact.
An open question at this point is whether we would get the same type of results with learners whose L1 has long-distance extraction. A reasonable first guess would be that such learners would show the same island status for that-clauses that we have seen here, but that they would begin to be able to handle long-distance dependencies more quickly than the participants in our experiments, whose L1 does not use extraction for wh-questions.
3.2 Long-distance extraction in child English
Given what we have seen so far, we would expect children to take a relatively long time to fully acquire long-distance extraction in a language like English. As discussed above, children do not begin with the assumption that long-distance extraction will be possible and even if it is, they seem to be conservative in reaching this conclusion, so it is reasonable to expect a prolonged period of development.
Studies that have been done on children acquiring long-distance extraction in English largely bear out this expectation (see Roeper & de Villiers 2011 for an overview). Thornton (1991), for instance, found that in an elicited production task, 9 out of 20 children (ages 2;10 to 5;5) used a type of “partial movement,” as in (17), or “wh-copying,” as in (18), in place of adult long-distance extraction, as in (13).
- What do you think who’s in that can?
- Who do you think who’s in the box?
- Who do you think __ is in that can?
(17) is “partial movement” in the sense that who actually has scope over the entire sentence (i.e., has the same meaning as (19)), despite its surface position within the embedded clause. The “wh-copying” case in (18) is similar, but the higher wh-word matches the one in the embedded clause. In both of these cases, children are producing a type of sentence that is not in the adult input, but that allows them to avoid producing straightforward long-distance wh-dependencies.
McDaniel et al. (1995) studied similar structures using an acceptability experiment with 32 child participants (ages 2;11 to 5;7). They found an acceptance rate of 36% for sentences as in (17) and (18), compared to a rate of 0% with adult controls. Here too, we see children’s willingness to avoid long-distance dependencies, even if this means accepting structures that are not present in the input.
In an elicited production study with 4-year-old German children, Grohe, Schulz & Muller (2011) show that the children strongly prefer the equivalents of (17) and (18) over the long-distance equivalent in (19). Sentences like (17) and (18) are possible in at least some varieties of German, but the fact that children have a strong preference for them again suggests that they are avoiding long-distance extraction.
These findings are in accord with the general thrust of the experimental results we have obtained here. Children do not seem to treat long-distance extraction as the default option in their L1 and often take years to fully adopt it, so it should not be surprising that L2 learners behave similarly, finding long-distance extraction difficult at first and then slowly adapting to it. Our results from Experiment 1 show the difficulty that L2 speakers have with long-distance extraction and how the difficulty diminishes with continued exposure, but other studies have shown that L2 speakers adopt strategies very similar to what we have just seen that children do. Schulz (2011), for instance, provides particularly striking evidence that L1 Japanese/L2 English speakers produce and accept “partial movement” questions Like (17), even though this structure is not possible in either Japanese or English (see Wakabayashi & Okawara 2003; Yamane 2003; Gutierrez 2005; for additional evidence, and Slavkov (2015) for general discussion). The picture that emerges applies both to L1 and L2: learners have difficulty with long-distance extraction, so they find reasonable alternative for expressing the intended meaning, whether these alternatives are found in the input or not.
3.3 Lexical restrictions on long-distance extraction
Our discussion so far has assumed that complement that-clauses, in contrast to a variety of other embedded clause types, allow extraction and are thus not islands. At a first level of approximation, this is a useful generalization, but as Ross (1967) noted, the reality is more fine-grained, in that properties of the matrix verb determine whether or not extraction is allowed out of the that-clause. Verbs which allow this are traditionally known as “bridge” verbs (Erteschik 1973; Erteschik-Shir 2006). These include think, say, and decide, as seen in (20).
- Who do you think [that Mary saw __ ]?
- What did they say [that the movie is about __ ]?
- Who did the committee decide [that we should invite __ ]?
As for “non-bridge” verbs (i.e., those that do not allow extraction), these are usually grouped in two types: factive verbs, which presuppose the truth of the complement clause, and manner-of-speaking verbs, which differ from say in giving some specific information about how the speaking was done. The examples with factive verbs in (21) and with manner-of-speaking verbs in (22) show how these are less tolerant of extraction than bridge verbs.
- ?Who do you regret [that Mary saw __ ]?
- ??What did they realize [that the movie was about __ ]?
- ??Who did the committee find out [that we invited __ ]?
- ?Who did you yell [that Mary saw __ ]?
- ??What did they whisper [that the movie was about __ ]?
- ??Who did the committee murmur [that we should invite __ ]?
Of the two types of non-bridge verbs, factives have been more extensively studied, often in the broader context of negative islands and wh-islands. Collectively, these islands (known as “weak islands” in the literature) yield much sharper results when the wh-phrase is a manner or degree phrase, as seen with factives in (23), but there is still a perceptible effect with argument wh-phrases, as in (21).
- *How do you regret [that Mary behaved __ ]?
- *How short did they realize [that the movie was __ ]?
- *How warm did the committee find out [that the rooms were __ ]?
One influential type of analysis (see, e.g., Fox & Hackl 2006; Abrusán 2014; Dayal 2016) has been to attribute the ill-formedness of questions like (21) and (23) to the idea that since the embedded clause is presupposed, the set of all possible answers is also presupposed. This set will contain some pairs of answers that cannot both be true (e.g., “the movie was 10 minutes long” and “the movie was 20 minutes long” in (23b)), so the question will inevitably lead to presupposition failure and unacceptability. Other weak islands are approached similarly under this analysis.2
Another influential analysis of factive islands as in (21) and (23) does not assimilate them to the more general case of weak islands, but instead subsumes them under a broad and independently motivated condition on long-distance extraction that requires that the matrix and embedded clauses be able to be grouped into a single event (Truswell 2011). Truswell argues that non-presupposed complement clauses, such as those in (20), satisfy this condition, but presupposed complement clauses, such as the factive complements in (21) and (23), do not, thus predicting a degraded status for these latter cases.
We will not attempt to decide on the correct analysis of factive islands here, but the above discussion should make clear that there is more than one analysis available that is well developed and well motivated. The manner-of-speaking cases, as in (22), have received less attention in the literature, but it is possible that the analysis of factive islands can be extended to include them (see Ambridge & Goldberg 2008 and Huang et al. (2022) for discussion).
This overview of extraction from complement that-clauses has a number of interesting implications for our concerns here. Most importantly, it is clear that the non-island status of that-clauses is not a fact about morphosyntax. The embedded clauses in (20)-(22) are all the same in their morphological properties, and presumably in their syntactic properties, but they clearly differ in the extent to which they allow extraction. It thus cannot be that learners, at least in L1, associate the non-island status of bridge verb complements to their morphology, since if they did, the island facts as in (21)-(23) would not arise. What learners are paying attention to instead is whether the question is semantically well-formed (and in particular, whether it leads to contradictory presuppositions) or whether the extraction is compatible with the event structure, depending on which analysis turns out to be correct. If the speaker is successful in creating non-contradictory presuppositions or a single event structure for both clauses, as would be the case with the bridge verb complements as in (20), then extraction is possible, but otherwise it is not.
The general picture that we are left with is that speakers must be able to do something (i.e., create a particular type of representation) in order to perform long-distance extraction. That-clause complements of bridge verbs are not simply cases where extraction is allowed because nothing prevents it, but rather cases where the speaker is able to successfully carry out an operation that makes the extraction possible (see Momma (2022) for differences in sentence production between complement clauses out of which there has been long-distance extraction and simple complement clauses without extraction, as well as Moulton 2015 for more general discussion of clausal complementation and extraction). From this viewpoint, our finding from Experiment 1 in which L2 speakers treat bridge verb complements as islands seems unsurprising. Being able to extract out of an embedded clause requires the speaker to access detailed information about the lexical semantics of the matrix verb and use this to construct a detailed semantic representation of the wh-question, so it is reasonable that the path to being able to do this quickly and reliably would be very protracted. The general finding from the literature that in both L1 and L2, learners often avoid long-distance extraction, also makes sense under this view. If the speaker cannot do what is required to enable long-distance extraction, other strategies for expressing the question will be deployed.
3.4 Interim conclusion
We have now seen some facts about long-distance extraction across a variety of languages, in both L1 and L2 acquisition, and across a variety of complement that-clauses in English, and there are two general conclusions. First, it is clear that extraction out of that-clauses is either prohibited or avoided in a number of languages, for many children (even in a language like English), and for some complement types in English. Second, it seems that when speakers allow extraction out of a that-clause, it is not just because nothing prevents them from doing so, but because they have performed a specific operation that permits it. We have seen this in languages in which all the components of long-distance extraction are present, but it nevertheless does not occur, in children who have likewise learned all of the components of long-distance extraction, but nonetheless avoid it, and in that-clauses in English that do not allow long-distance extraction, even though they seem to be morphologically and syntactically identical to those that do. These conclusions are relevant to our concerns here, because they make our basic findings from Experiment 1 more understandable. If learning how to do long-distance extraction requires learning something new, on top of learning how to do extraction and how to embed clauses, then it makes sense that L2 learners will have difficulty doing it, and we would expect this difficulty to be reflected in acceptability. In addition, it makes sense that given enough years of input, the difficulty for L2 learners would gradually decrease, and this too should be reflected in acceptability. Both of these expectations were met in our results from Experiment 1: L2 learners showed a large degradation for extraction from that-clauses, on a par with islands, but this degradation decreased as AoA decreased (see Kim & Goodall (in press) for additional evidence that L2 learners have difficulty with extraction from that-clauses).
We have presented two major sets of empirical findings in this paper. First, we have shown that L2 speakers, like L1 speakers, exhibit significant degradation in acceptability in the presence of a long-distance wh-dependency out of a that-clause, but that the effect is much larger in L2 than in L1 and is comparable in size to the effect observed in islands. In addition, the degradation in L2 appears to get smaller as the speaker’s amount of exposure to the language increases. Second, we have shown that both L1 and L2 speakers exhibit significant degradation when there has been extraction out of an island. In this case, though, the size of the degradation is very similar across the two groups and we do not see any decrease in degradation as AoA decreases.
Descriptively, then, it seems that L2 speakers treat that-clauses as islands, but that these clauses become less island-like as the speaker accumulates more experience with the language. This scenario is puzzling under the traditional view that extraction out of that-clauses is freely available simply because nothing prevents it, and it is even more puzzling given that L2 speakers otherwise track L1 speakers very closely in their reactions to classical islands. It makes much more sense, however, if long-distance extraction is not available “for free,” but in fact requires speakers to perform operations that go beyond simply being able to do extraction and have embedded clauses, such as ensuring that there are no contradictory presuppositions or that the two clauses can be grouped together as a single event. L1 speakers have learned how to do this for that-clauses, though apparently at some cost in terms of acceptability, but not all L2 speakers have done the same. Put simply, then, that-clauses are island-like for L2 speakers because they have not yet learned how to make them non-islands. They do begin to learn how to do this, but it appears to be a very gradual, years-long process.
This view of complement clauses, in which their non-island status must be learned, is compatible with a number of suggestions from the literature (e.g., Culicover & Jackendoff 2005; Pearl & Sprouse 2013) and finds support from various aspects of long-distance extraction, including cross-linguistic variation, child language, and lexical restrictions, but the L2 evidence that we have seen here seems particularly striking, in that we can observe that-clauses becoming less and less island-like as speakers gain additional experience with the language.
The current study is also of interest for two methodological reasons. First, it shows that L1 and L2 can be profitably studied and compared using the techniques of formal sentence acceptability experiments from “experimental syntax.” These techniques have been used very widely and usefully in adult L1 studies in recent years, but they have had less of an impact on the L2 literature. The experiments conducted here suggest that these techniques have a lot to offer in the area of L2. Second, the current study demonstrates how evidence from L2 can play a role in helping to decide issues of broader theoretical interest. In this particular case, we have seen how the behavior of L2 speakers in acceptability experiments is puzzling under standard views of complement clauses, in which their non-island status is assumed to be true by default, and argues instead for a view in which speakers gradually learn to perform the mechanisms needed for long-distance extraction, thus in effect gradually turning complement clauses into non-islands.
- Note that there is a long tradition of using the Grammaticality Judgment Task (GJT) in L2 research (for recent overviews, see Kim & Nam 2017 and Plonsky et al. 2020), but it seems unlikely that this method would be able to capture the effect under discussion here, as GJT does not typically use a factorial design, lexical matching, counterbalancing, or the type of response method that is common in the experimental syntax literature (see Ionin 2021 and Kim 2015 for discussion). To our knowledge, no one has attempted to use a traditional GJT to try to detect this effect with either L1 or L2 populations. [^]
- The smaller island effect in (21) is less often discussed, but presumably a similar type of analysis can be extended to this case. [^]
We dedicate this article to the memory of Bill Davies, teacher to the first author, classmate of the second, and esteemed friend of both. For their many comments and suggestions, we are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers and to audiences at the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America and the CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing, and to the members of the Experimental Syntax Lab and Syntax and Semantics Babble at UC San Diego. Special thanks also to Savithry Namboodiripad, Dave Kush and Adam Morgan for organizing the symposium on Experimental Approaches to Cross-linguistic Variation in Island Phenomena, at which some of this work was presented.
The authors have no competing interests to declare.
Abrusán, Marta. 2014. Weak island semantics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639380.001.0001
Aldwayan, Saad & Fiorentino, Robert & Gabriele, Alison. 2010. Evidence of syntactic constraints in the processing of wh-movement: a study of Najdi Arabic learners of English. In Van Patten, Bill & Jegerski, Jill (eds.), Research in Second Language Processing and Parsing, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 65–86. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1075/lald.53.03ald
Alexopoulou, Theodora & Keller, Frank. 2007. Locality, cyclicity, and resumption: At the interface between the grammar and the human sentence processor. Language, 110–160. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2007.0001
Ambridge, Ben & Goldberg, Adele E. 2008. The island status of clausal complements: Evidence in favor of an information structure explanation. Cognitive Linguistics 19(3). 357–389. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1515/COGL.2008.014
Bates, Douglas & Mächler, Martin & Bolker, Ben & Walker, Steve. 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67. 1–48. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Belikova, Alyona & White, Lydia. 2009. Evidence for the fundamental difference hypothesis or not? Island constraints revisited. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 31(2). 199–223. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263109090287
Boxell, Oliver & Felser, Claudia. 2017. Sensitivity to parasitic gaps inside subject islands in native and non-native sentence processing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20(3). 494–511. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728915000942
Chen, Evan & Gibson, Edward & Wolf, Florian. 2005. Online syntactic storage costs in sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language 52(1). 144–169. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2004.10.001
Cowart, Wayne. 1997. Experimental syntax: Applying objective methods to sentence judgments. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Culicover, Peter W. & Jackendoff, Ray. 2005. Simpler Syntax. New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271092.001.0001
Cunnings, Ian. 2017. Parsing and working memory in bilingual sentence processing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20(4). 659–678. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728916000675
Dallas, Andrea & DeDe, Gayle & Nicol, Janet. 2013. An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Investigation of Filler-Gap Processing in Native and Second Language Speakers. Language Learning 63(4). 766–799. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12026
Dallas, Andrea & Kaan, Edith. 2008. Second Language Processing of Filler-Gap Dependencies by Late Learners. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(3). 372–388. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00056.x
Davies, Wiliiam D. & Kurniawan, Eri. 2013. Movement and Locality in Sundanese Wh-Questions. Syntax 16(2). 111–147. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2012.00174.x
Dayal, Veneeta. 2016. Questions. Oxford Surveys in Semantics and Pragmatics. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK.
Erteschik, Nomi. 1973 On the Nature of Island Constraints. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.
Erteschik-Shir, Nomi. 2006. Bridge Phenomena. In Everaert, Ma and van Riemsdijk, Henk (eds.), The Blackwell companion to syntax, 284–294. Oxford: Blackwell. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996591.ch10
Fanselow, Gisbert. 2006. Partial wh-movement. In Everaert, Martin & van Riemsdijk, Henk (eds.), The Blackwell companion to syntax, vol. III, 437–492. Oxford: Blackwell. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996591.ch47
Fanselow, Gisbert. 2021. Acceptability, grammar and processing. In Goodall, Grant (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108569620.006
Felser, Claudia & Cunnings, Ian & Batterham, Claire & Clahsen, Harald. 2012. The timing of island effects in nonnative sentence processing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 34(1). 67–98. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263111000507
Felser, Claudia & Roberts, Leah. 2007. Processing wh-dependencies in a second language: A cross-modal priming study. Second Language Research 23(1). 9–36. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1177/0267658307071600
Fodor, Janet Dean 1978. Parsing strategies and constraints on transformations. Linguistic Inquiry 9(3). 427–473.
Fox, Danny & Hackl, Martin. 2006. The universal density of measurement. Linguistics & Philosophy 29. 537–586. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-006-9004-4
Frazier, Lyn. & Clifton Jr, Charles. 1989. Successive cyclicity in the grammar and the parser. Language and cognitive processes 4(2). 93–126. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/01690968908406359
Gibson, Edward. 1998. Linguistic complexity: Locality of syntactic dependencies. Cognition 68. 1–76. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(98)00034-1
Gibson, Edward. 2000. The dependency locality theory: A distance-based theory of linguistic complexity. In Marantz, Alec & Miyashita, Yasushi & O’Neil, Wayne (eds.), Image, language, brain, 95–126. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Goodall, Grant. 2021. Sentence acceptability experiments: What, how, and why. In Goodall, Grant (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108569620
Goodall, Grant. 2022. Theory and Experiment in Syntax. New York & London: Routledge. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003160144
Grohe, Lydia & Schulz, Petra & Müller, Anja. 2011. How children “Copy” long-distance structures: The production of complex Wh-questions in German. In Proceedings of the 35th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 233–245.
Gutierrez, María J. 2005. The acquisition of English LD wh-questions by Basque/Spanish bilingual subjects in a school context. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
Hartshorne, Joshua K. & Tenenbaum, Joshua B. & Pinker, Steven. 2018. A critical period for second language acquisition: Evidence from 2/3 million English speakers. Cognition 177. 263–277. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.04.007
Huang, Nick & Almeida, Diogo & Sprouse, Jon. 2022. How good are leading theories of bridge verbs? An experimental evaluation. Paper presented at the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics.
Ionin, Tania. 2021. Acceptability studies in L2 populations. In Goodall, Grant (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108569620.015
Jessen, Anna & Festman, Julia & Boxell, Oliver & Felser, Claudia. 2017. Native and non-native speakers’ brain responses to filled indirect object gaps. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 46(5). 1319–1338. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-017-9496-9
Johnson, Adriene & Fiorentino, Robert & Gabriele, Alison. 2016. Syntactic constraints and individual differences in native and non-native processing of wh-movement. Frontiers in Psychology 7. 549. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00549
Keffala, Bethany. 2011. Resumption and gaps in English relative clauses: Relative acceptability creates an illusion of ‘saving’. Berkeley Linguistics Society 37. 140–154. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v37i1.846
Khomitsevich, Olga. 2008. Dependencies across phases: From sequence of tense to restrictions on movement. Ph.D. dissertation, Utrecht University.
Kim, Boyoung. 2015. Sensitivity to islands in Korean-English bilinguals. Doctoral dissertation, UC San Diego.
Kim, Boyoung & Goodall, Grant. 2011. Age-related effects on constraints on wh-movement. In Herschensohn, Julia & Tanner, Darren (eds.), Proceedings of the 11th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA). Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Kim, Boyoung & Goodall, Grant. 2016. Islands and non-islands in native and heritage Korean. Frontiers in Psychology 7. 134. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00134
Kim, Boyoung & Goodall, Grant. In press. The source of the that-trace effect: New evidence from L2 English. Second Language Research. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221104604
Kim, Eunah & Baek, Soondo & Tremblay, Annie. 2015. The role of island constraints in second language sentence processing. Language Acquisition 22(4). 384–416. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2015.1028630
Kim, Jeong-eun & Nam, Hosung. 2017. Measures of implicit knowledge revisited: Processing modes, time pressure, and modality. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39(3). 431–57. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263115000510
Kluender, Robert & Kutas, Marta. 1993. Bridging the gap: Evidence from ERPs on the processing of unbounded dependencies. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 5(2). 196–214. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.19184.108.40.206
Kuznetsova, Alexandra & Brockhoff, Per B. & Christensen, Rune H. 2017. lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. Journal of statistical software 82(13). 1–26. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13
Leal, Tania. & Slabakova, Roumyana & Farmer, Thomas A. 2017. The fine-tuning of linguistic expectations over the course of L2 learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39(3). 493–525. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263116000164
Love, Tracy & Maas, Edwin & Swinney, David. 2003. The influence of language exposure on lexical and syntactic language processing. Experimental Psychology 50(3). 204. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1026//1617-3220.127.116.11
Marinis, Theodore & Roberts, Leah & Felser, Clauda & Clahsen, Harald. 2005. Gaps in second language sentence processing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 27(1). 53–78. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263105050035
Martohardjono, Gita 1993 Wh-movement in the acquisition of a second language: A cross-linguistic study of three languages with and without movement. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University dissertation.
McDaniel, Dana & Chiu, Bonnie & Maxfield, Thomas L. 1995. Parameters for wh-movement types: Evidence from child English. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 13(4). 709–753. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992856
Momma, Shota. 2022. Producing filler-gap dependencies: Structural priming evidence for two distinct combinatorial processes in production. Journal of Memory and Language, 126. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2022.104349
Moulton, Keir. 2015. CPs: Copies and Compositionality. Linguistic Inquiry 46(2). 305–342. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1162/LING_a_00183
Omaki, Akira & Schulz, Barbara. 2011. Filler-gap dependencies and island constraints in second-language sentence processing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33(4). 563–588. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263111000313
Ortega-Santos, Iván & Reglero, Lara & Franco Elorza, Jon A. 2018. Wh-Islands in L2 Spanish and L2 English: A Poverty of the Stimulus and Data Assessment. Fontes Linguae Vasconum 126. 435–471. DOI: http://doi.org/10.35462/FLV126.7
Pearl, Lisa & Sprouse, Jon. 2013. Syntactic islands and learning biases: Combining experimental syntax and computational modeling to investigate the language acquisition problem. Language Acquisition 20(1). 23–68. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2012.738742
Phillips, Colin. 2013. On the nature of island constraints II: Language learning and innateness. In Sprouse, Jon & Hornstein, Norbert (eds.), Experimental syntax and island effects, 132–157. Cambridge University Press. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139035309.007
Pliatsikas, Christos & Johnstone, Tom & Marinis, Theodore. 2017. An fMRI study on the processing of long-distance wh-movement in a second language. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics 2(1). 101. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.95
Pliatsikas, Christos & Marinis, Theodore. 2013. Processing empty categories in a second language: When naturalistic exposure fills the (intermediate) gap. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16(1). 167–182. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891200017X
Plonsky, Luke & Marsden, Emma & Crowther, Dustin & Gass, Susan M. & Spinner, Patti. 2020. A methodological synthesis and meta-analysis of judgment tasks in second language research. Second Language Research 36(4). 583–621. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1177/0267658319828413
Rodríguez, Alejandro & Goodall, Grant 2020. On the universality of wh-islands: Experimental evidence from Spanish. Poster presented at the 50th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages. Austin: University of Texas.
Roeper, Thomas & de Villiers, Jill. 2011 The Acquisition Path for Wh-Questions. In de Villiers, Jill & Roeper, Thomas (eds.), Handbook of Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition. Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 41. 189–246. Springer, Dordrecht. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1688-9_6
Ross, John Robert 1967. Constraints on variables in syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT dissertation.
Saddy, Doug. 1991. Wh-scope mechanisms in Bahasa Indonesia. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 15. 183–218.
Schulz, Barbara. 2011. Syntactic creativity in second language English: wh-scope marking in Japanese-English interlanguage. Second Language Research 27(3). 313–341. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1177/0267658310390503
Slavkov, Nikolay. 2015. Long-distance wh-movement and long-distance wh-movement avoidance in L2 English: Evidence from French and Bulgarian speakers. Second Language Research 31(2). 179–210. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1177/0267658314554939
Sprouse, Jon & Almeida, Diogo. 2017. Design sensitivity and statistical power in acceptability judgment experiments. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics. 2(1). 236. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.236
Sprouse, Jon & Hornstein, Norbert. 2013. Experimental syntax and island effects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139035309
Sprouse, Jon & Villata, Sandra 2021. Island effects. In Goodall, Grant (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108569620.010
Sprouse, Jon, Wagers, Matthew & Phillips, Colin. 2012. A test of the relation between working-memory capacity and syntactic island effects. Language, 82–123. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0004
Thornton, Rosalind J. 1991. Adventures in long-distance moving: The acquisition of complex wh-questions. Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut dissertation.
Truswell, Robert. 2011. Events, phrases, and questions. New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577774.001.0001
Wakabayashi, Shigenori & Okawara, Izumi. 2003. Japanese learners’ errors on long distance wh-questions. In Wakabayashi, Shigenori (ed.), Generative approaches to the acquisition of English by native speakers of Japanese, 215–246. Berlin: Mouton.
Wanner, Eric & Maratsos, Michael. 1978. An ATN approach to comprehension. In Halle, Morris & Bresnan, Joan & Miller, George A. (eds.), Linguistic Theory and Psychological Reality, 119–161. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
White, Lydia & Juffs, Alan. 1998 Constraints on Wh-movement in two different contexts of non-native language acquisition: Competence and processing. In Flynn, Suzanne & Martohardjono, Gita & O’Neill, Wayne (eds.), The generative study of second language acquisition. 11–130. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Yamane, Maki. 2003. On interaction of first-language transfer and universal grammar in adult second language acquisition: WH-movement in L1-Japanese/L2-English interlanguage. Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut dissertation. | <urn:uuid:fa84da9e-0f4d-4127-b839-35dad2ab3f84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/5857/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.917942 | 20,510 | 2.40625 | 2 |
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) has confirmed that several turkey vultures have been poisoned from the veterinary euthanasia drug pentobarbital in the Simi Valley area of Ventura County.
Seven turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) were found dead or impaired in Simi Valley in October. Two of these were successfully rehabilitated by the Ojai Raptor Center, but the other five died. Pentobarbital exposure was confirmed in the digestive system of one of the dead turkey vultures. The source of the exposure remains unknown.
Pentobarbital is a drug used by veterinarians to euthanize companion animals, livestock and horses. If the remains of animals euthanized with pentobarbital are not properly disposed of after death, scavenging wildlife – such as turkey vultures and eagles – can be poisoned. Veterinarians and animal owners are responsible for disposing of animal remains properly by legal methods such as cremation or deep burial.
Turkey vultures are protected by the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act and California Fish and Game Code. Improperly disposed-of euthanized remains are a danger to all scavenging wildlife.
Members of the veterinary and livestock communities are asked to share this information with colleagues in an effort to prevent further incidents.
CDFW also asks the public to pay attention to and report grounded turkey vultures and other raptors and scavengers.
Pentobarbital-poisoned birds appear to be dead. They have no reflex response and breathing can barely be detected. The birds appear intact, without wounds or obvious trauma. Anyone finding a comatose vulture should report the finding to CDFW at 916-358-2954. | <urn:uuid:a5f21df5-1eff-42fa-8d0a-b6f9bc4f8f5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://outdoornewsdaily.com/turkey-vultures-poisoned-by-euthanasia-drugs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.948657 | 363 | 2.34375 | 2 |
EU, Turkey Cautiously Eye Improved Ties After Tough 2020
The European Union and Turkey pressed each other on Thursday to take concrete steps to improve relations long strained by disagreements over energy, migration and Ankara’s human rights record.
Turkey, which remains an official candidate for EU membership despite the tensions, is facing the threat of EU economic sanctions over a hydrocarbons dispute with Greece in the eastern Mediterranean, but the mood music between Brussels and Ankara has improved since the new year.
“We have seen an improvement in the overall atmosphere,” EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said as he welcomed Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu for talks, describing 2020 as complicated.
“Intentions and announcements need to be translated into actions,” Borrell said.
NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg, who will meet Cavusoglu on Friday, also noted “a more positive atmosphere”, telling reporters by video conference there was “an opportunity to really make some progress to address the differences”.
The improved tone follows a video conference between Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan and the head of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, on Jan. 9 in which both stressed the importance of the bilateral relationship.
Cavusoglu said he hoped von der Leyen and Charles Michel, the head of the European Council which represents the 27 EU member states, would visit Turkey after an invitation from Erdogan.
“It is of course important for there to be a positive atmosphere in Turkey-EU ties, but in order for this to be sustainable, we must take concrete steps,” Cavusoglu added.
2020 proved particularly difficult for relations between Turkey and the EU, especially France, with Erdogan expressing publicly his hope that protests in French cities would topple President Emmanuel Macron.
Greece and Cyprus, strongly backed by France, want to punish Turkey for what they see as provocative oil and gas exploration by Turkish vessels in disputed waters, but Germany and Italy are reluctant to go ahead with any sanctions on Ankara.
Turkey has now withdrawn the vessels and is set to restart talks with Greece, although the EU has accused Ankara of playing “cat and mouse” in a pattern of provocation and reconciliation.
EU leaders will decide in March whether to impose sanctions.
Brussels also accuses Erdogan of undermining the economy, eroding democracy and destroying independent courts and media, leaving Turkey‘s bid to join the EU further away than ever.
“We remain concerned about the (human rights) situation in Turkey,” Borrell said on Thursday.
The European Parliament on Thursday backed a resolution calling for the release of Selahattin Demirtas, a leading Kurdish politician jailed in 2016 on terrorism-related charges.
But Turkey remains a big destination for EU trade and investment and also hosts some 4 million Syrian refugees. The EU aims to agree fresh funds for the refugees from 2022 to discourage them from coming into the bloc.
Ankara wants progress on Turks’ right to visa-free travel to the EU, an upgrade of its trade agreement with Europe and recognition of its claims to hydrocarbons off its maritime shelf. | <urn:uuid:0b5b6c44-c453-4061-8ddc-62da45ba4bf8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/01/21/eu-turkey-cautiously-eye-improved-ties-after-tough-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952883 | 668 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Is Curry Good For Weight Loss. Mushroom and green peas curry. Is curry good for weight loss in addition, being spicy, have thermogenic properties that raise body temperature, inhibit the growth of adipose tissue,.
Here we have listed 5 low fat indian curries that one can try while trying to lose weight. Khatuja suggests ways in which you can add curry leaves to your diet and manage weight: The water must cover the vegetables.
Curry Is A Variety Of Dishes Originating In The Indian Subcontinent.
Curry alone will not make you lose weight , include some exercise routines in your lifestyle, constant hydration and a good diet can contribute to your weight loss attempt to benefit. You can find paneer as an ingredient in various dishes like salads, curries or soups which you can order when eating out at indian restaurants for weight loss without sabotaging it. In fact, eating fish can also promote faster weight loss.
After Boiling For 5 To 10 Minutes, Reduce The Heat Just.
Curcumin is the principle ingredient of tumeric or “haldi” as it is called in hindi. The water must cover the vegetables. Is dahi curry good for weight loss?
One Teaspoon Of Curry Powder Contains:
What’s the lowest calorie indian curry? Is rice and curry good for weight loss? Wednesday, april 22, 2009 thats’s good news.
This Is The Spice That Gives Indian Curries Their Bright Yellow Color.
In this ranking, we will be looking at 5 delicious… A recent study done by journal nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases found out that eating fish can be a healthier alternative to other meat sources to stay lean. Massaman curry, a traditional thai curry with peanuts and a creamy, coconut milk base, clocks in at 552 calories and 50 grams of fat per cup, while a cup.
Surprising As It May Sound, Curry Leaves Can Aid Weight Loss.
They are rich in vitamin a, b, c and b2. Mushroom and green peas curry. It is good for digestion. | <urn:uuid:73b4ff7e-9fef-4889-a1e7-5079aac21a8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pastperfect.info/is-curry-good-for-weight-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.922177 | 436 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Files need to be prepared for storing the essential documents for a clinical trial. A Trial Master File (TMF) is held by the sponsor and Investigator Site Files (ISF) are held at sites participating in the trial. The TMF and ISF can be hard copy or in an electronic format.
If the trial is using a drug, then a Pharmacy File is used to ensure appropriate records of the trial drug are kept.
Guidelines and/or user manuals are required to instruct clinical trial staff on operational aspects of clinical trial management, e.g. collection and entry of trial data; receipt, storage and handling of investigational drugs; collection, processing and storage of biological specimens.
You and the Sponsor should also determine how the trial should be monitored and this should be documented in the monitoring plan in the protocol. | <urn:uuid:99d7dd47-7bec-4003-ba3e-456945f24aa9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ctroadmap.hmri.org.au/investigator-initiated-trials/supporting-documentation/files-for-essential-trial-documents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.897998 | 180 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The pyramidal structure is a store house of energy. The sacred geometry of pyramid is built to incline towards Earth’s magnetic field and are perfect receivers and transmitters of cosmic energy. Using such a structure gives best results to manifest desired intentions.
A dot, or bindu, represents the starting point of creation or the infinite, unexpressed cosmos
The sacred shape of Pyramidal structure has been proved as the source of supernatural and Cosmic energy of the universe. Its uses can be traced back from the Egyptian times where they were used like tools to amplify the positive energy and to ward off negative vibrations. Pyramids are used to bring good luck, health, wealth, prosperity and to also shower protection.
These pyramids hold special power when made in metals like gold, silver or bronze. Human association with metals goes a long way back in history. The ancient people viewed metals as mysterious materials found deep inside the earth and believed them to be full of spiritual powers and potential for creation as well as destruction.Copper is one of the oldest metals know to humanity. Copper metallurgy has flourished in different cultures, including the Middle Eastern, Asian, European, Central & South American and Native American. Copper embodies the nurturing aspect of men and women and their youthfulness. It symbolizes characteristics like strength, protection, healing, charisma, feminine beauty, abundance, artistic creativity, affection, caring and balance. It is also considered a healing metal that teaches about living a fulfilling life.
Copper pyramids as a healing tool are not based on religion but healing through the Science of the Soul that helps strengthen a person to make positive changes through meditation, self-healing techniques leading to self-realization and self-actualization to evolve into a more harmless, spiritual way of life creating a beautiful life.
Benefits of using Copper Pyramids
- Copper pyramids when used as a cap during meditation (known as the ‘Meditation Head Pyramid’) stimulates more synaptic activity and activates a larger amount of the brain cells. It helps to balance the pituitary and pineal glands as well as the left and right hemispheres of the brain. It also helps naturally balancing and aligning the chakras and meridians.
- The Pyramid can be also used to vitalize food, supplements or plants or together with a picture or name for long distance healing. Copper Pyramid never needs to be energetically cleared or cleansed.
- Copper pyramids can energize the aura/energy field of the house, office or any place by just placing them in any corner or table.
- Copper pyramids aids is sleep if kept below or next to the bed, protecting from negative influences, de-crystallize negative patterns or habits, healing the mind, body and emotions.
- Reported benefits also include being blessed with a loving, quiet mind, pain relief and as an aid to faster recovery from surgical operations.
- Place the copper pyramid over a bed, desk, chair or massage table help maintain a sacred space and transform, transmute and protect from negative energies.
- Meditation in the Pyramid has a transcendental effect and the system can also be used for long distance healing by placing pictures or names of people inside.
- The Pyramid never needs to be energetically cleared or cleansed.
- The Pyramid creates the same spiritual realm as a holy Temple or Mandala. Practicing Meditation in the Pyramid improves telepathic communication, and improves all other aspects of personal life: relationships become deeper, the personality becomes more honest and humble, and other members of the family and those connected with you benefit.
How to use
One can use this amazing tool in any manner as it seems appropriate according to their desire and need, here are some tips that can be useful:
- Place the pyramid on your head as a cap while meditating
- Charge the water you drink and food you consume under the pyramid
- Place the photo of person who needs healing
- Place any intention or desire written on a piece of paper under the pyramid
- Place it next to your bed
- Place it on your workstation/study table/reception area
- Place your jewelry or any item you want to charge with positive energy
- Place the pyramid on any area of your body which need healing
- Place it in the house or office to rectify Vaastu defects and to neutralize negative influences | <urn:uuid:0bbcce90-7e4e-47ed-bf35-e4102e1d347f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.samrruddhi.in/store/copper-pyramids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.922048 | 906 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.