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The Kwale County government has said public participation in mineral resource exploitation is mandatory for investors in the mining industry to avert frequent conflict with local residents.
The County Governor, Salim Mvurya asked mineral prospectors and miners to work ethically and always consult stakeholders and his government before starting their work for consent and guidance to avert conflicts.
“I urge miners to follow the law and to engage in proper stakeholder consultations to avoid mining disputes with residents,” he said.
Mvurya was speaking in Msambweni Sub-county where he assured residents from five villages namely Mchinjiirini, Fahamuni, Darigube, Kidzumbani and Gongonda that they will not be evicted to pave way for mining.
Majority of the villagers are opposed to the proposed extension of mining to the area by Australian mining firm, Base Titanium.
The matter, though, has split the residents as some of them are in support of the company’s expansion plan as its current mine life is coming to an end in four years’ time.
Mvurya asked the villagers not to allow the issue to divide them and instead continue co-existing peacefully, saying his government would do everything possible to protect their land rights.
“No one should be coerced to surrender their land for mining. Miners should consult landowners so that they can either accept or reject any offers willingly based on an informed decision,” he said.
He also asked the residents to ignore propaganda by some self-seekers that they will be moved from their homes.
The Governor said his government is in solidarity with the majority of the residents who have rejected the move by the company to carry out mineral prospecting on their land.
“The ongoing prospecting is actually illegal as it has no blessings of the county,” said Mvurya.
He said that his administration will write to the Mining Ministry demanding for an explanation as to why the prospecting license was issued without ample involvement of the locals.
He said everything possible would be done to avoid a repeat of mineral-related miseries in the region like those experienced by residents of Maumba and Bwiti where the company is currently conducting its Kwale mineral sands operations.
“Safeguard your land jealously. You will suffer alone if you recklessly give it away,” he warned residents, saying land tenure issues are explosive in the region and should be handled with caution.
He also called on security agencies to investigate claims by some villagers that they were receiving threatening calls due to their firm stand on the issue. | <urn:uuid:a043189d-1fe1-46d4-a395-9d6769b66a35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/business/article/2001326660/mvurya-public-participation-in-mineral-resource-exploitation-mandatory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975965 | 540 | 1.609375 | 2 |
'Stay home': Tropical storm expected to form in Atlantic after storm soaks Miami, swamps cars
Southern Florida was hit with heavy rainfall and gusty winds Saturday as a storm system flooded streets, stranded cars and threatened to form into a tropical storm after passing over land.
The storm system, dubbed Potential Tropical Cyclone One by the National Hurricane Center, would be named Alex if it becomes a tropical storm.
The National Hurricane Center warned of continued flooding in cities across southern Florida into Saturday evening.
The Florida Keys and the northwestern Bahamas also saw heavy rain Saturday. Tropical storm conditions were forecast for Saturday in Florida and in the northwestern Bahamas by afternoon.
The center also forecast maximum sustained winds of 40 mph with higher gusts, and rainfall of about 6 to 10 inches in South Florida with isolated highs of 15 inches.
HURRICANE SEASON UNDERWAY:Tropical storm watch issued for South Florida where a foot of rain is possible
By early Saturday afternoon, between 7 and 13 inches had already fallen in Miami, according to the National Weather Service in Miami.
"After nearly a foot of rain, a very dangerous situation has unfolded with cars submerged and stranded underwater" in southern Florida, according to AccuWeather.
Miami already saw flash flooding Saturday morning as fire crews responded to multiple reports of cars stuck in floodwaters and advised residents to stay off roads.
The City of Miami also posted videos on Twitter of flooded streets and stranded cars, warning of "extremely dangerous" road conditions and calling the storm "a dangerous and life-threatening situation."
"Stay home and don’t walk or drive on flooded roads," the tweet said. "Do not attempt to retrieve stranded vehicles."
While South Florida canal levels were lowered to minimize flooding, Miami-Dade County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava said most government services, including buses and trains, plan to operate normally over the weekend.
2022 HURRICANE SEASON:The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season starts today. What's the forecast? How to prepare?
As of Saturday afternoon, the storm system was located 15 miles south-southwest of Fort Pierce, Florida, and was moving northeast at 18 mph, according to the National Hurricane Center. It was forecast to move over southern and central Florida Saturday before turning eastward Sunday.
The storm system, known as Hurricane Agatha when it previously hurtled through the Pacific Ocean, hit southern Florida after battering Cuba, where it killed three people, damaged dozens of homes, caused landslides and knocked out power in some areas.
The storm also previously brought flooding and mudslides to Mexico, leaving nearly a dozen people dead and 20 missing.
It is expected to become a tropical storm off Florida's east coast Saturday night before strengthening and moving away from the state and over the western Atlantic early next week.
Contributing: Claire Thornton, USA TODAY
Contributing: The Associated Press | <urn:uuid:3015dbfa-d4db-4729-b6eb-47fc38edbd31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/06/04/florida-flooding-miami-potential-tropical-storm/7512307001/?utm_source=feedblitz&utm_medium=FeedBlitzRss&utm_campaign=usatodaycomnation-topstories | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95792 | 593 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The Spindle Tree in the story is very old, growing in the old cemetery encircling the Wilson Mausoleum. In fact, the Spindle Tree whose Latin name is Euonymous Europeum is native to Europe and is found also in England, Wales and Ireland. It can grow very high as it gets older and is very inconspicuous in the hedgerow. It has small tiny green flowers in May, but it comes into its own in the Autumn when its leaves turn a bright red and its beautiful coral pink berries open up to reveal a bright yellow hard seed within. It is native to Ireland and it grows in mainly chalky or lime-laden soil. Its seeds are poisonous and can cause kidney or liver failure if ingested.
It was known in folk medicine as the louse berry as the seeds were dried, crushed into a powder and used to prevent lice, fleas, and ticks on farm animals as well as dogs and cats. It’s long hard sticks were shaped and used as knitting needles, as skewers for meat by butchers and as seen from its more common name, it was used to make spindles for spindle trees. In more recent times it has become popular in gardens, because of its rich Autumn displays of colour. When it was introduced to North America, it has become an invasive species in some areas. | <urn:uuid:9dc6172d-96d5-4e16-9190-f34594433e2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thespindle.blog/what-is-a-spindle-tree/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.986736 | 280 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Ministry Of Entertainment Was Created To Tap Into The Creativity Of The Federation’s Young People
Basseterre, St. Kitts, September 30, 2021 (SKNIS): Minister of Entrepreneurship, Entertainment, and Talent Development, the Honourable Akilah Byron-Nisbett said that her Ministry was created to target the untapped creativity of the young people of the Federation.
In an interview on September 28, the Minister stated that her ministry came to fruition after the last general elections in 2020.
“During the campaign, there were a number of persons who would have been the faces behind the virtual experience that we had for the campaign and we recognised the talents that we have in St. Kitts and Nevis and the level of creativity that we have amongst our young people that is not being tapped into,” Minister Byron-Nisbett said.
“These people of the Federation are not being tapped into in a way that would be able to drive more economic activity, as well as take these individuals to a space where they can make a lucrative career out of the different creative arts that they may have been plying their trade in over the years or things that they are more interested in,” she added.
“Coming out of the last general elections, the government decided that it is important for us to develop a ministry that focuses on the creative arts, in particular, and focus on the interests of these young persons, develop it even more and see how we can help them to have a more lucrative career path and they would be able to see the benefits of and launching into such paths as a career,” the Entertainment Minister said.
“Over the past few months, the Ministry of Entrepreneurship, Entertainment and Talent Development has been embarking on a number of research activities as well as doing what we consider to be the structural work in order for us to be able to build out the Ministry to achieve the objectives that we intend to be able to achieve,” she said.
Minister Byron also stated that over the past months, her ministry recognised that there were four main sectors that they believed would allow them to be able to achieve the goals that they are trying to achieve, focusing on the areas of film and photography, music and entertainment, and the arts (performing arts, visual arts, literal arts).
She also said that there is the area of innovation that looks at those persons interested in robotics or building applications that meet different business needs which is an area she says has not had much attention over the years.
She added, “We have put some structures in place. We have policies that are in draft format and so it is time for us to go to the next stage where we want to begin to engage persons within the creative space to give their feedback to the structures and policies that we have developed to make sure that we are truly aligning with what their expectations are and to get them to understand what it is that the ministry can and cannot do and so on the 8th of October we would have our first event which is earmarked for Nevis at the NEPAC (Nevis Performing Arts Centre).” | <urn:uuid:d3393762-1347-4435-bf6e-2c7fdbe55363> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zizonline.com/ministry-of-entertainment-was-created-to-tap-into-the-creativity-of-the-federations-young-people/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.983057 | 652 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Sedona AZ (August 30, 2016) – The Sedona Marathon Event, set for February 4, 2017, is proud to announce its recent partnership with Red Canyon Water, which funds water projects for Native Americans who lack access to running water. The partnership has named Red Canyon Water as the official on-course hydration sponsor for the Sedona Marathon Event.
Red Canyon Water supports two very worthy charities that provide safe and clean drinking water to Native Americans. Red Canyon Water donates a total of $.12 for every bottle of water sold to the Navajo Water Project and Running Strong for American Indian Youth’s Clean Water Program. To reduce the impact to the environment, Red Canyon Water uses biodegradable bottles that are also recyclable.
Unfortunately, approximately 40 percent of families on the Navajo Nation lack running water, and the Pine Ridge Reservation is facing similar challenges. Red Canyon Water is helping to fix that by donating six cents per bottle sold to the Navajo Water Project, which funds desperately needed water projects on the Navajo Reservation, and six cents to Running Strong for American Indian Youth, which provides families living on the Pine Ridge Reservation with running water by connecting their homes to existing infrastructure.
“By partnering with the Sedona Marathon Event, the goals for Red Canyon Water are two-fold: to raise awareness about the lack of safe and clean drinking water on Indian reservations throughout the U.S., and to raise funds for the charities through direct donations and the sale of Red Canyon Water,” Red Canyon Water Manager and Co-Owner Ryan Smith said.
Through this mutually beneficial partnership, the Sedona Marathon Event will supply registrants, volunteers and supporters clean drinking water throughout the course on race day. Red Canyon Water can then donate a substantial amount of money to both the Navajo Water Project and Running Strong for American Indian Youth.
To learn more about Red Canyon Water, please visit redcanyonwater.com, or call 800-211-9440. | <urn:uuid:a16bc0e7-d985-42ca-9b4c-5af832e2bff3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sedona.biz/sedona-marathon-partners-with-red-canyon-water-to-support-native-americans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.931375 | 403 | 1.53125 | 2 |
A new architecture triennial launching in the United Arab Emirates next year will challenge "pernicious" western views of Asian, African and Middle Eastern architecture, according to curator Adrian Lahoud.
The Sharjah Architecture Triennial, debuting in the Emirati city in November 2019, aims to tackle stereotypes about the region and its architecture.
"There's going to be an attempt to rethink architecture beyond a Western European framework," Lahoud told Dezeen.
"You get all these orientalist cliches and you find them in all kinds of various forms of knowledge production, and they're continually repeated within the media."
In an exclusive interview with Dezeen ahead of the launch, he criticised the western tendency to highlight vernacular design, traditional materials and even tribal dress from non-western cultures.
"Those kinds of cliches are pernicious, virulent, and objectionable tropes, that really no major international exhibition of architecture that I've seen in decades has been exempt from," he said. "There's a lack of indigenous modernities or futures in those accounts."
Triennial will "look beyond the object"
Instead, the three-month-long triennial in port city Sharjah, which neighbours Dubai, will look "beyond a focus on the object, the focus on the form of the object, or thinking about the building envelope as where architecture ends," said Lahoud.
"It's important because our perspective of architecture is so dominated by the legacy of Western European forms of thinking," he said. "This is a part of the world that is still involved in various different struggles against colonialism."
Looking at architecture in North and East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, the inaugural event is titled Rights of Future Generations.
It will examine how the recent focus on individual rights to things such as health, education and housing have diminished concern about collective entitlements such as rights to natural resources and a benign environment.
Looking at architecture from the perspective of future generations
Lahoud hopes the triennial will help move the discussion ''beyond questions of individual rights to think about collective rights, from the perspective of a future generation".
"But it's challenging, as future generations don't exist, so who speaks on behalf of them?" he said, stressing that this is the key question that architecture should be addressing.
"The reason it's becoming such a fundamental question and why it's so important to use as a kind of lens to think about architecture and think about cities is because there's no doubt in anyone's minds that we are making massive transformations to the planet at the moment," he said. "These are transformations that will have really fundamental long-term consequences on quality of life."
This involves overturning western views on architecture and urbanism, Lahoud believes.
"Shelter, for example, assumes that there is a distinction between ourselves and the environment; that the environment is a threat and we have to be protected from it," he said. "That's a core concept within architecture, but not all societies see their relationship to the environment in the same way."
Western architecture is "condescending"
Lahoud attacked the way other international architecture exhibitions presented architecture from Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
"For example, this obsession with tradition in the vernacular," he said. "This condescending appreciation of creativity under conditions of adversity. Or even the semiotics of architectural materials, bamboo and mud bricks, and so-called other traditional materials. There's always a complete absence of technological sophistication or technological experimentation."
He added: "Architects from that part of the world get admitted to international exhibitions if they're in traditional dress, and of course that standard never applies to architects from a North American or Western European context."
"The question we should be asking is why does the Western curatorial gaze, whenever it looks out to those parts of the world, basically seek works that only confirms preconceptions of what architecture from that part of the world should look like."
Lahoud, an architect, researcher and educator, was appointed dean of the RCA's school of architecture in 2015 when his predecessor Alex de Rijike resigned to focus on his architecture practice dRMM.
Specialising in post-colonial nation-building projects and climate research in the context of the global south, Lahoud's recent projects include an installation called Climate Crimes, which is currently on show at the V&A as part of the exhibition The Future Starts Here.
He promised to put voices of young people in the regions covered by the triennial at the centre of the show, although he conceded that three months would not be time enough to address the scale of issues they face.
"The thing that excites me the most is the opportunity to make a space for dialogue, to create a platform for an emerging generation of architects, of scholars, of artists, planners, urban designers, who are working in parts of the world that sometimes don't have access to really basic things like national archives, to a documentation of their own histories because of colonialism, because archives were taken back to Europe or destroyed."
Photography of Sharjah is by Ieva Saudargaitė. | <urn:uuid:aaf09bec-e7c1-4acd-b9ed-3a3ddca2b047> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dezeen.com/2018/06/04/sharjah-architecture-triennial-interview-adrian-lahoud-curator/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960844 | 1,069 | 2.015625 | 2 |
For several years, the Timber Research Institute, together with experts from the CTU and ČZU, has been collecting and evaluating data from measurements of the airtightness of buildings. This unique statistical data set was compiled, analysed and published in the prestigious scientific journal Building and Environment, issue 194. The use of the Blower door diagnostic method, which the Timber Research Institute carries out in an accredited mode, has been shown to contribute significantly to improving the performance of timber buildings. Therefore, one of the indirect results of the research is the confirmation of the well-known truth that prevention (using scientific knowledge) is better than subsequent complex and costly repair.
Reference to the article in the publication Building and Environment (ENG):
Factors influencing envelope airtightness of lightweight timber-frame houses built in the Czech Republic in the period of 2006-2019: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1cceM1HudN4BuQ
This research was supported by the Grant Agency of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague (projects SGS19/143/OHK1/3T/11 and SGS20/153/OHK1/3T/11) and the Grant Agency of the Timber Research and Development Institute in Prague (project TIP/IGA/1/2019). | <urn:uuid:28110f1b-5cc6-4121-82e2-c2325b0dabc5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vvud.cz/en/2021/03/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9144 | 272 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Duncan McLaren has added Harold Acton to Waugh’s pantheon of friends. On this occasion he writes it up as a straight narrative rather that as an addition to the crowd gathering at the now postponed Brideshead Festival at Castle Howard.
He breaks their relationship into three periods: Oxford and After, China and Travel, and Post War. This works quite well, as the Oxford and After period is already covered in other biographies and is well summarized by McLaren. He also notes that Acton’s decision to move to China coincides with Waugh’s adoption of a nomadic life following the breakup of his first marriage. A useful description of Acton’s life and work in China is also provided, a period that is less well known. After the war they met each other from time to time and leave descriptions of those meetings in their memoirs and letters. These are well covered in the article.
Acton’s reputation rests as much or more on his friendships with other writers such as Evelyn Waugh than with his own writing. Waugh relied on Acton’s opinion to consign his first novel to the fireplace and dedicated Decline and Fall to him, but, as time went on, McLaren explains how Waugh became less enamored of Acton’s own writing. That opinion seems to have held up, as little of Acton’s writing aside from his memoirs remains in print. Even those could not be described as “easy reading”.
McLaren also introduces the book Children of the Sun: A Narrative of ‘Decadence’ in England After 1918 (1976) into the article. This is by Martin Burgess Green (1927-2010) who taught at Tufts University for many years. This set out to describe the group of aesthetes and intellectuals who formed around Harold Acton and Brian Howard in the 1920s. McLaren provides some interesting background on Green’s research for the book as well as Acton’s rather negative reaction to it. The book is still in print although you may have to search more diligently than usual to find it. Here is a link to the entire article. | <urn:uuid:73c19dbc-1511-43a3-9dee-87c5d79ccffa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://evelynwaughsociety.org/2020/harold-acton-and-martin-green/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.980228 | 455 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The Island of Mazzorbo
The Island of Mazzorbo, about 10 kilometres NE of Venice; is connected by a wooden pedestrian bridge to Burano and is its sixth “sestiere”.
Both islands have approximately the same size of about 0.2 km², but otherwise, the two islands are very different. Burano, the island of the colourful houses, fishermen and lace; is very densely populated with few green spaces, more canals, narrow alleys and about 3,000 inhabitants.
Mazzorbo, across the 60 metre wooden foot-bridge; is by complete contrast rural and has only about 300 inhabitants. Here you can find some things for which there is no place in Burano – allotment gardens and vineyards, a park, a playground for children, a cemetery serving both islands and even a Michelin starred restaurant!
Note the long wooden bridge between Burano and Mazzorbo and the population difference, between the two islands.
The Island of Mazzorbo – INTRODUCTION
Like the other islands in this northern part of the lagoon, it was the site of one of the earliest settlements in the lagoon; with Torcello as the main commercial and trading centre; predating the development of Venice. However, many of these islands then declined for a variety of reasons and were eventually depopulated. People moved to the rapidly developing Venice for economic and security reasons, many islands’ channel systems silted up making them unnavigable, the ensuing spread of malaria and also rising sea-water levels.
In the 1980’s, the architect Giancarlo De Carlo built a brightly coloured residential neighbourhood, to help to repopulate Mazzorbo. In 2019 its population was 256.
It is linked to Burano by a wooden bridge – the “Ponte Longo“. It was once an important trading centre, but is now known for its vineyards, vegetable growing and orchards. Its main attraction is the 14th century church of Santa Caterina and perhaps the Michelin starred restaurant of the “Venissa” Resort Complex.
GETTING THERE AND AROUND
For information on how to get to Mazzorbo you should visit the ACTV vaporetto map pdf, to print out or see on your phone below:
In fact, the route to reach Mazzorbo from Venice, Murano, Treporti, Punta Sabbioni or Venice Lido; is the same that you undertake to visit Burano.
From Venice, the easiest suggestion is to get to the vaporetto stop at Fondamente Nuove, on the north coast. The most direct way is by Line 12 to Mazzorbo, Burano and Torcello. Otherwise go to Murano and change there. Ferries are frequent and the journey from Venice – Fondamente Nuove to Mazzorbo, takes about 35 minutes.
Photo above: The vaporetto stop on Mazzorbo, is on the north coast by the Trattoria alla Maddelena and close to the Venissa resort complex.
A popular away-day from Venice, is to get off the ferry at Mazzorbo, see the island and the Santa Caterina church and continue on foot over the bridge to Burano and then on to Torcello. Three very contrasting islands.
Currently there doesn’t seem to be any excursion to Mazzorbo island, as it is easily reachable on foot from Burano Island. You can walk to any point on each island, within 10-15 minutes.
Many locals on Mazzorbo are cyclists. There are no roads – cars, motorbikes and mopeds are not allowed.
But from Mazzorbo, you can go for a boat excursion to San Francesco island; an oasis of peace and tranquillity close by and inhabited exclusively by monks.
In warmer weather, it’s advisable to use insect repellent, as the combination of lagoon and lush vegetation; makes a prime mosquito habitat.
Mazzorbo is part of a group of four islands.
To its west, is the island of Santa Caterina to which Mazzorbo, is separated by the Santa Caterina channel and connected by two bridges.
The Santa Caterina island was further split into two in 1928, when the “Santa Margherita canal” was dug: an extension of the “Canale di Mazzorbo”. This connected Mazzorbo’s northern shore, to the “Canale Scomerzera San Giacomo”.
To the north is Mazzorbetto, which is separated by the some-60 m wide Canale di Mazzorbo channel; with Mazzorbos’ only vaporetto stop. Although in Italian Mazzorbetto translates to “little Mazzorbo,” it is actually, the largest island of the group.
Mazzorbetto is even more sparsely populated. The island is only about 50 meters away from Mazzorbo across a canal; however, there is neither a bridge nor public ferries. Thus the island is inaccessible for most tourists; although you can see the island from Mazzorbo and the water buses.
The island looks even greener with many trees; but only has about 10 inhabitants. Apparently, you can still find the gothic villa, once the property of Giacomo Casanova.
Left: The 60 metre wooden pedestrian bridge, between Burano and Mazzorbo.
ORIGINS OF THE ISLANDS NAME
There are several theories as to the name of the island.
In the past, Mazzorbo was variously called “Maioribus” or “Maiorbo”, “Maiorbenses” or “Maiurbo”.
Jacopo Filiasi, an early 19th century historian, argued that the origin of the name Mazzorbo was the Latin term Major Urbs, Major Urbi, and Majurbium, (Great or Major Town). This settlement was the largest town in the whole of Byzantine “Venezia Marittima”, the coastal area of north-eastern Italy, which was under the Byzantines in the 6th century.
However, many historians have shown that Mazzorbo was never mentioned in the ancient and medieval chronicles; therefore, this hypothesis seems unlikely. On the basis, Cristoforo Tentori Spagnuolo, another early 19th century historian; argued that the origin of the name Mazzorbo was Medium Urbis, (“Town in Between” or “Town in the Middle” of other towns).
A Roman stone inscription which was discovered in the 19th century, the “Epigrafe Torcellana” (Torcello Epigraph); commemorates a donation to the town of Altinum by Tiberius Claudius Nero, who during his consulate (13-14 BCE) built temples, porticos and gardens.
It describes the town, its districts and gates and mentions the “Maedium Urbis” gate. The inscription on this gate, was in the northeast of the town. This name also appears in other sources, where it is sometimes written as “Medium Urbium” or “Mediurbium”.
According to Simone Menegaldo, the refugees from Altinum gave this name to this island, because it was in between the other islands that they had settled of Burano, Torcello and Costanziaco, .
HISTORY OF LOST CHURCHES OR MONASTERIES
San Pietro Parish Church.
The only archival document relating to the parish church of San Pietro is dated to 1207. It was probably Mazzorbo’s main church; however, the date of its construction is not known. It seems that it was built with materials from Altinum and thus could be dated to the 7th-8th century.
Tradition notes its beauty and the marble columns of its portico; with claims that St. Francis and St. Antony preached here. Over the main altar there was a panel with “St. Peter and St. Paul” by Pietro Ricchi and over the St. Margaret altar, there was the “Madonna, St. Bartholomew and St. Margaret” panel, by Francesco Ruschi.
A gilded silver altarpiece was put at the bottom of a large crucifix, in front of the main chapel; which shared the nave of the presbytery, with an iconostasis with the twelve apostles. It was probably a type of 12th century Venetian goldsmith work, inspired by Byzantine iconographic elements. It was made of gilded silver tiles, nailed to wooden panels with sacred images; which represented the Madonna, the Saints and Christ the Saviour.
From the 14th century, Mazzorbo underwent a period of slow decline and became depopulated. San Pietro became impoverished and attempts were made to raise money.
With the dissolution of churches and monasteries, ordered during Napoleon’s occupation of Venice; the derelict church was demolished. Now there is only a plot of land, which belongs to the current parish church of Santa Caterina. The precious altarpiece has been lost.
San Bartolomeo Parish Church.
In the eastern part of Mazzorbo, there was another very old parish church; dedicated to St. Bartholomew. There are no documents regarding its foundation.
Flaminio Corner wrote that it was dissolved in the 17th century; because it was no longer able to sustain itself and was merged with the San Pietro parish church.
It was later replaced by an oratory at the edge of the parish. In 1775, the bishop of Torcello described it as an oratory with a chaplain. Zanetti noted, that there was a Saint Bernard panel by Antonio Zanchi. The oratory was demolished in 1830. A document in the Mazzorbo parish archive; notes that the materials from its demolition, fetched 203 liras.
Left: Old print of the Canale di Mazzorbo
San Matteo Monastery.
In 1218, the bishop of Torcello donated a very old church dedicated to St Mathew; to three Benedictine nuns on the island of Costanziaco. This island became uninhabitable, due to environmental degradation caused by floods breaking the banks of the island, damaging buildings, cultivated land and the spread of malaria.
The nuns were moved to Mazzorbo, on the Santa Caterina island; opposite the San Pietro church, on the other side of the canal. Construction of the new monastery, began in 1298.
The 14th and 15th centuries, saw disputes. In 1341, the nuns asked to be put under the jurisdiction of the abbot of Piacenza; due to disagreements with their superior. The Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Grado, were drawn into this dispute. However, the issue was resolved by Pope Paul II (1464–71); who had the nuns submit to the Patriarch of Venice, in 1464.
In 1521, under Pope Leo X’s rule (1513–21), because of minor disciplinary transgressions; fifty nuns of S. Matteo were sent to join the five remaining nuns of the old Benedictine Monastery of Santa Margherita, on the island of Torcello.
In 1806, during the Napoleonic dissolution of Venetian churches and monasteries, San Matteo was also demolished. There were said to be many paintings and sculptures in this monastery – 92 paintings and 12 terracotta and wooden sculptures were catalogued. They all have been lost.
On the grounds of this monastery a century later, the Santa Margherita canal was dug; making a better connection between the Scomerzera San Giacomo and Mazzorbo canals. It was opened in 1928.
In the convent’s church there were four panels by Matteo Ingoli: “St Helen kneeling with the cross with four putti in the air”, “The visit of St. Elizabeth”, “St. Jerome, St. Charles and a blessed abbess” and “St. Margaret and her ascent”.
Above the main altar, there was a panel with various saints, a nun and the map of the monastery; possibly originally attributed to the Vivarini school. Modern art historians however, attribute it to Giovanni Mansueti. Today, it is kept in Venetian collection of the heirs of the painter, Italico Brass.
Santa Eufemia Monastery
Bernardino Scardeonio’s “History of Paduan Antiquity” tells that Margherita, a Paduan noblewoman; withdrew to Mazzorbo with three noble maidens and founded this monastery.
It also records that in 1439, the bishop of Torcello sent the Benedictine nuns of the Sant Angelo monastery on the island of Ammiana, to join this monastery. Their numbers had been reduced to three; due to environmental degradation and depopulation of that island.
In 1768, the senate of the Republic of Venice dissolved the monastery and its church and the buildings were subsequently used for military purposes. In the early 19th century, a fort was built here; but there is no trace of it today.
In Murano there is a well curb, which used to be in the courtyard of the monastery. It has this inscription: “IN TEMPO DELLA R.M. SUOR SCOLASTICA PISANI DIG.MA ABBAD. / PUTEUS ACQUAR VIVENTIUMQUAE / FLUUNT IMPETU DE LIBANO / MDLXXXVIII DIE X DECEM”
HISTORY OF SANTA CATERINA – MAZZORBO’S ONLY SURVIVING CHURCH
According to a 1715 chronicle by Bernardo Trevisan, a Venetian nobleman; Santa Caterina was built in 783.
It was rebuilt between 1283 and 1291 and annexed to a Benedictine nun convent, situated behind the church with the same name.
The bell tower was built in the early 14th century and has the oldest preserved bell in the lagoon; dating back to 1318.
The church’s earliest mention is in the acts of a parish synod, convened by the bishop of Torcello in 1374. The oldest archival document, is a 1398 pledge by the abbess of loyalty to the bishop of Torcello.
The 14th century, brought hardship to the nuns. Attempts to raise income, was not enough and their numbers decreased.
In 1432, the revenues of the monastery of Santa Maria della Gaiada on the Tumba della Gaiada island (which was part of the settlement of Ammiana); were incorporated into those of Santa Caterina. In 1492, the dissolved Benedictine monastery of San Nicolo; was merged with Santa Caterina.
The complex was restored in 1712 by Pietro Tabacco, a nobleman who in the same period founded the Madonna del Rosario church on the island of Madonna del Monte; located towards Murano. To provide further aid, the Bishop of Torcello merged Santa Caterina with Santa Maria della Gaiada monastery, which had been abandoned.
The church has a unique aisle, with a ceiling which resembles the hull of a ship; dating to the 15th century and a nun’s gallery. A painting of “The Baptism of St Catherine and St Mary Magdalene” by Giuseppe Salviati over the high altar.
Above: Ascan Lutteroth “Mazzorbo bei Venedig”, with Santa Caterina in the centre ground.
Above the entrance door, (above left) there is a sculptured marble lunette with the “Mystical wedding of Saint Katherine and two Donors.” Christ is sitting on a throne holding in his left hand, an open book which reads: “EGO SUM LUS MUNDI”.
With his right hand, he puts a ring on the finger of a kneeling St. Katherine.
Lost Art. Veronese’s “Santa Caterina di Mazzorbo altarpiece” (above right) is now in the Pitti Palace in Florence. It shows Saint Benedict, his pupils Maurus and Placidus and his sister Scholastica with more nuns, and the Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine happening in the sky.
Major restoration work in1920-25, altered the original structure. Further restoration work in 2002, re-established the original bricked wall.
Mazzorbo today, is a sparsely populated island devoted mainly to agriculture, with vegetable growing (especially artichokes), fruit orchards and vineyards. Sparsely populated Mazzorbetto and Santa Caterina, are also devoted to agriculture.
The churchy of Santa Caterina and what little remains of its monastery, is probably the islands most historic remaining tourist attraction.
Even with 350 people plus tourists, mostly visiting in summer; its importance for the neighbouring population is vital. Apart from its historic remaining church, the island has a modern sporting centre, a playground for the kids and the local cemetery, all serving Burano as well.
Wine is another important tradition of this island. To discover the agricultural tradition, take a walk on the Venissa Estate; situated at the eastern end of Mazzorbo, by the bridge which connects it to Burano.
It’s famous for its “Dorona” variety of grape; a Venetian autochthonous grape, re-established by the “Bisol” family.
In 2006, it was opened to the public and has information about the history of local agriculture. Inside the estate, there are also nine gardens cultivated by local elders; who supply its “Osteria Contemporanea” and the Michelin starred “Venissa Restaurant”. The estate can be visited free of charge.
An excellent idea, is to get off at the Mazzorbo stop and reach Burano by crossing the vineyard (5 minutes on foot).
Two other good restaurants are found along the north coast pathway, just west of the vaporetto stop: the “Trattoria alla Maddalena” and the “Trattoria ai Cacciatori”.
Giancarlo De Carlo, was an architect who belonged to a new generation of architects who wanted to develop a new type of architecture. One which was better suited to local social and environmental conditions and where man “is not reduced to an abstract figure“. He theorised a more democratic and open “participatory architecture“.
In 1979, he built a brightly painted housing neighbourhood (photo left); to help to repopulate the island.
A country fair is held every summer, in the churchyard of Santa Caterina; where you can taste delicious local dishes such as “Luganega e Costesine” (sausages and ribs), “roasted Polenta“, drink local wine and enjoy music and games.
VENISSA – WINE RESORT
Below, is information taken from its website, slightly edited.
The Venissa Wine Resort, offers an abundance of options for travellers looking for a unique and entirely off-the-beaten-track experience. The estate’s charming 6-room guesthouse “Casa Burano”, is the epitome of laid-back, minimalist elegance.
Located on the bottom floor of the guesthouse is a casual osteria serving delicious local fare, while across the grounds is Venissa’s Michelin-starred fine-dining restaurant, which has become a sought-after destination for local and international foodies; thanks to the chefs’ creative and innovative dishes using local ingredients many of which come from the estate’s beautiful heirloom garden.
Left: “Venissa Wine Resort”, middle right and Giancarlo De Carlo’s modern housing estate, at middle left. The 60 metre wooden bridge to Burano, lower left.
There is also a fascinating walled vineyard on the property. In fact, Venissa is best known for the white wine it produces from the Dorona varietal, native to the Venetian Lagoon, but long forgotten, until Gianluca Bisol, Venissa’s owner; discovered and planted an abandoned vine on Mazzorbo, nearly fifteen years ago.
In addition to tours of the vineyard and guided wine tastings, visitors to Venissa have the rare opportunity to completely immerse themselves into Venetian Lagoon culture; by way of boating excursions, rowing lessons with the Rowing Club of Burano, photography exhibitions, and private tours of largely undiscovered sites, on the most ancient islands of the Venetian Lagoon”
VENISSA Fondamenta S. Caterina, 3
30142 Mazzorbo Venezia – Italy
Tel: +39 041 52 72 281 Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
Please see my other posts in the series: Islands of the Lagoon | <urn:uuid:09053e0c-c9fe-4456-9ac1-2f83bc9f2397> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imagesofvenice.com/the-island-of-mazzorbo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.958882 | 4,570 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Last week I wrote about schizophrenia, the most devastating and debilitating of all psychological disorders. People with schizophrenia suffer a range of symptoms. Some have dramatic symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and bizarre behavior. These very conspicuous symptoms, which evoke words like “mad” or “crazy” in those who witness them, are the symptoms that are most often seen early in the course of the illness. Later in the illness, the so-called negative symptoms appear. These include apathy, flattening of emotional expression, and lack of initiative and will. These less conspicuous and less dramatic symptoms nevertheless devastate a person’s psychological functioning, rendering them unable to work toward long-term goals, or even to imagine having such goals. People with negative symptoms are as if adrift, unable to use internal plans and goals to guide their behavior and also unable to regulate their behavior through normal emotional response to the behavior of the people around them.The first medications that were at all effective in treating schizophrenia symptoms appeared over 50 years ago. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) was the first of this type and many similar drugs were developed in the ensuing years. At the time these were hailed as highly effective treatments for the positive symptoms of the disease (hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior). They also reduced anxiety and agitation. As time went on, however, it became clear that these drugs had several unfavorable side effects, including sedation (drowsiness) and tardive dyskinesia, a serious movement disorder that only appears after taking medications for many years. Once it appears, it adds to the social alienation they already experience.
In the last 20 years new medications have been developed that do not appear to have these serious side effects. These include clozapine, risperidone and olanzapine. In addition to having fewer side effects, these medications appear to not only address the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. They also appear to have a beneficial effect on apathy, emotional flattening and lack of initiative and will-the negative symptoms of the illness. These medications and others have helped many people with schizophrenia by eliminating some symptoms and reducing the severity of others. Unfortunately, a medication that cures the disorder has not been discovered, and, although new medications with great promise are constantly being developed, the possibility remains real that a medication that truly cures the disorder-that does more than reduce the symptoms-may be decades away, if attainable at all.
How else can people with schizophrenia be helped? Psychotherapy has long been thought to be ineffective because people with schizophrenia are impaired in their ability to establish a close personal relationship, something that is an essential component for most forms of psychotherapy. One treatment method that holds promise for helping people with schizophrenia is the therapeutic community. A therapeutic community is a setting that is designed to foster a sense of belongingness and self esteem through collective work and the mutual and collaborative pursuit of goals. I visited such a setting several years ago called Gould Farm. Next week I’ll tell you about this extraordinary place that uses a sense of community as a therapeutic agent to help people with schizophrenia and other serious psychological disorders.
G. Dennis Rains, Ph.D., professor and interim chair of psychology at Kutztown University, maintains a private practice in counseling and psychotherapy in Kutztown. | <urn:uuid:be7b3bec-33ae-43f2-a3aa-3d2d2efaac43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.readingeagle.com/2008/05/01/treatments-for-schizophrenia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.967708 | 681 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Do you know how to motivate your staff? Is it done on a team or a individual basis? Learn the different types of motivation and what works best for your employees in this post.
Two types of motivation
There are two types of motivation, how you motivate your staff will depend on what kind person they are.
Intrinsic motivation mean we are motivated by rewards that are intangible. We place more importance on self satisfaction rather than receiving tangible rewards. Intrinsic motivation is linked to our feelings.
- Self satisfaction
- Enjoying a challenge
- Enjoyment of work
- Reinforced self-esteem
- Feeling appreciated
Intrinsic motivation comes from within.
You may ask how do you motivate someone who is intrinsically motivated?
When you are trying to motivate intrinsically motivated people it is important to give them tasks that have purposefulness. When employees feel like their role have a purpose for the company they will be more engaged, happier and dedicated with their job.
You don’t want to over-burden an employee with too many tasks. However by adding extra responsibilities, this could be giving them a chance to manage a team. This will help make them feel more valued as an employee of your company.
Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation from tangible items or rewards. They work based on the rewards rather for the satisfaction or the love of the job. Extrinsic motivators can be:
- Salary or what you can purchase with your salary
- Conditions of work
- Days off work
Externally motivated people may seem easier to motivate. Here are 10 amazing employee engagement ideas.
You may think that you need to give extrinsically motivated people rewards such as extra money to motivate them. However this is not necessarily the case.
Recognizing your employees work effort or accomplishments is a great way to further boost their motivation levels. Simply by telling them they did well can make them feel valued and increase motivation.
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic motivation, which is better?
Motivation can be considered as a continuum, rather than considering one or the other think of balancing between the two. Remember that motivation is influenced by a number of factors, these include age, family status.
It is considered that intrinsic motivation is valued higher over extrinsic motivation, someone who has too much of a need for extrinsic motivation can be problematic.
They will only be able to achieve goals set by others, and only succeed with a significant amount of external structure. This will prevent them from setting personal goals for which no external force is present.
When we complete a task a intrinsically motivated person will feel a sense of personal satisfaction. They will be able to validate their own work. However with an extrinsically motivated person they will require a sense of acknowledgement. You will need someone to tell you that you did a good job rather than realizing you did for yourself. This can have problems on self-esteem if someone fails to recognize your achievements.
It is important to keep your staff motivated, taking into consideration each person will be motivated in a different way. It is a fine balance between over rewarding a person leaving them to become completely extrinsically motivated. | <urn:uuid:1519b47a-0408-4191-8d50-823ea2935783> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thejoeeconomy.com/business/intrinsic-extrinsic-motivation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96521 | 681 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Prices for telephony services
According to the National Consumer Price Index issued by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO), which measures price trends on the basis of a basket of the principal consumer goods and services purchased by Swiss households, the overall index for telecommunications services declined by 0.5 percentage points between 2020 and 2021. The index for mobile telephone communications remained virtually unchanged last year (+0.1 percentage points).
The mobile telephony prices covered by OFCOM's Statistical Observatory, which are based on the lowest rates offered by providers on the Swiss market, reveal considerable differences, however.
As last year, in all baskets the most expensive deal (Swisscom) cost 2 to 2.5 times the most affordable, which was UPC in the small and medium-sized basket and Yallo in the large basket.
In 2021, the most competitive deal for low-use customers was available from UPC at less than CHF 10 per month. At Swisscom, it was CHF 25. For medium-use customers, the UPC deal cost less than CHF 20, but the Swisscom one was CHF 50. Finally, high-use customers found the cheapest offer at Yallo for around CHF 25.60 and the most expensive at Swisscom for CHF 50.60. The latter price dropped by a considerable CHF 15.50 from 2020 to 2021.
Mobile telephony prices in Switzerland are still among the highest internationally for the medium-sized basket. This is confirmed by the Teligen price baskets published by the market research company Strategy Analytics, which are based on OECD methodology and take into account the most competitive products offered by the largest carriers in each country. They are below the OECD average for the small and large baskets, but more detail is needed to understand this finding fully.
The price basket for Switzerland factors in the three network operators Salt, Sunrise and Swisscom, as well as the secondary and tertiary brands UPC, Yallo and M-Budget. These include products and options from both the prepaid and contract segments. For a medium-use basket of voice and data connections (100 calls and 2 GB of data), a customer in Switzerland paid almost CHF 4 per month more than the OECD-wide average in August 2021 (CHF 19.90 vs. CHF 16.20). In terms of the cheapest offer Switzerland comes in 23rd and thus in the third containing the most expensive countries.
By contrast, customers who have comparatively little need of mobile services (30 calls and 500 Mbps data) paid CHF 2.50 less per month in Switzerland than the OECD average (CHF 9.90 vs. CHF 12.40). Even with its cheapest offer Switzerland is still in 15th place.
Customers with high usage requirements (unlimited calls and 20 GB of data) paid almost CHF 8 less per month in Switzerland than the OECD average (CHF 25.60 vs. CHF 33.20). Switzerland still ranks 14th, however, and ten or so countries offer comparable products for less than CHF 20 per month. | <urn:uuid:1b1d3769-c024-4c80-a251-8b895df11c90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.comcom.admin.ch/comcom/en/home/dokumentation/zahlen-und-fakten/mobilfunkmarkt/mobilfunkpreise.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957124 | 627 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Join us on March 25 as Dr. Todd Mahr provides us with facts about smoking and guidance on how to quit. This webinar will be valuable for patients and providers.
In this webinar we discuss why everyone should get the COVID-19 vaccine and the importance of involving communities of color in clinical trials.
In this webinar we talk about the lessons we learned in 2020; and the potential priorities for leaders in 2021. Will COVID-19 remain endemic to society?
We reviewed the current state of COVID-19 as of March 2021, looked at current topics in care and explored the resources that the Network has to help.
Dr. Brian Robertson discussed the importance of sleep for those with allergies and asthma and important things to consider in getting a restful night’s sleep.
The speaker discussed novel treatments as well as new approaches to asthma and allergy care that have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dr. Bradley Chipps reviewed the updated asthma guidelines from NIH Expert Panel Report 4 (EPR-4) and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA).
Experts talk about the challenges for those living with the effects of COVID-19 long after the acute viral infection has resolved.
Dr. John Kelso will discusses COVID-19 vaccines and the challenges we need to overcome related to vaccine hesitancy.
The experts discussed COVID-19 and the “new normal” for the new year, including the latest updates about coronavirus vaccines.
In this recorded webinar, speakers give us a COVID-19 vaccine update including challenges in vaccination related to trust and health inequities.
Dr. Wesley Sublett explores the expanding treatment options for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).
The digital era has helped doctors, patients and other health professionals connect in innovative ways. Explore our webinars for valuable education from asthma and allergy experts. Learn about virtual summits and conferences. You can even participate in a virtual fitness challenge! | <urn:uuid:363a9590-9ab7-42f0-ab11-0c182bdc6f64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/category/virtual-events/page/2/?et_blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.922701 | 422 | 1.820313 | 2 |
by Jonathan O’Callaghan
Today, aviation is responsible for 3.6% of EU greenhouse gas emissions. Modern planes use kerosene as fuel, releasing harmful carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. But what if there was another way?
One possible solution is to use a new type of fuel in planes that doesn’t produce harmful emissions – hydrogen. Long-touted as a sustainable fuel, hydrogen is now gaining serious traction as a possibility for aviation, and already tests are under way to prove its effectiveness.
Planes using hydrogen would emit only water, and initial tests suggest they can be just as fast as traditional planes, carrying more than a hundred passengers per flight over thousands of kilometres. A recent report on the potential of hydrogen-powered aviation said such planes could enter the market as soon as 2035.
There are still significant challenges to make this happen. But if they can be overcome, the future of aviation could be much greener than it is today and be a functioning component of a decarbonised world.
Hydrogen planes would be similar aesthetically to traditional planes, albeit with a slightly longer length needed. Smaller planes would likely use propellers, with hydrogen-powered fuel cells providing electric propulsion to turn the propellers. Bigger planes could burn hydrogen to power jet engines.
The hydrogen-powered aviation report, released on June 22, said that hydrogen could feasibly be used by 2035 to power a commercial passenger aircraft on a flight of up to 3,000 kilometres. By 2040 or beyond, a medium-range flight of up to 7,000 kilometres should also be possible, leaving just long-range flights for traditional aviation.
‘By 2035 it should be possible for a short-range flight plane,’ said Dr Bart Biebuyck, executive director of the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, a European public-private partnership to accelerate the market introduction of these technologies, which jointly commissioned the report. ‘That means on European soil, you could connect all the big cities in Europe using hydrogen-powered planes. By 2050, the ambitious scenario is that 40 % of the (European aviation) fleet would be powered by hydrogen.’
Reaching these goals will rely on a number of factors. First and foremost, hydrogen storage technologies need to advance to carry enough liquid hydrogen in planes for these journeys. New ways of transporting hydrogen to airports will need to be devised so that planes can be refuelled on runways. And redesigns of plane interiors will be required to work out how to integrate all the necessary systems and tubing to run commercial planes on hydrogen.
‘With integration, nothing has been done yet on a big plane,’ said Dr Biebuyck. ‘That will be a big challenge. And we still need to prepare a lot of standards, codes, and regulations. For example, what would be the requirement for hydrogen tanks testing for aviation? Still a lot of this research has not been done.’
Progress has been made, however, in developing the underlying technology of hydrogen planes. In 2008, Boeing flew the world’s first hydrogen-powered plane from an airfield near Madrid, Spain, a single-seater vehicle that proved the technology was possible. And in 2016 the first four-seater hydrogen plane, built in Germany by the German aeronautical research agency (DLR), the University of Ulm and a company called H2FLY, lifted off from Stuttgart Airport.
‘We cannot beat climate change without aviation being decarbonised.’
Dr Bart Biebuyck, Executive Director, FCH JU
Hydrogen planes essentially have four major components – a storage system to safely store liquid hydrogen, fuel cells to convert hydrogen to electricity, a device to control the power of the cells, and then a motor to turn a propeller. In order to make full commercial planes, all of these four areas must be developed sufficiently.
In Spain, a project called HEAVEN is working on integrating these components into an experimental plane. It is developing a powertrain to turn the propellers at high speed using electric power, along with similar liquid hydrogen storage systems to those that have been used in cars.
‘This will be the first liquid hydrogen storage system (for planes), which will be connected with a fuel cell and an electric motor, and then flown in a flight test,’ said Dr Josef Kallo from the DLR and a member of the HEAVEN team. ‘The hydrogen storage (made by French firm Air Liquide) is built and will be finished this year. Next year will be integration time. And then the end of 2022 we will go into flight.’
The powertrain being developed by the project turns the hydrogen into torque to turn the propeller. It is highly efficient and also quiet to run, producing about the same amount of noise as an internal combustion engine in a car – meaning passengers should have a pleasant, quiet flight.
For a 45-seater aircraft, a hydrogen-powered propeller plane will be capable of speeds of up to 600 kilometres per hour, compared to 850 kilometres per hour for a Boeing 747, according to Dr Kallo. While the focus at the moment is on propellers, there is also work underway to develop hydrogen-powered turbines, which are more efficient at higher speeds. ‘(A parallel) step would be to use turbine-type propulsion, using high-speed motors, which are relatively low noise,’ Dr Kallo added.
Most of the world’s hydrogen today is produced by reforming methane from natural gas – a fossil fuel – which produces carbon dioxide. Efforts are underway, however, to develop green hydrogen by using an electric current from a renewable source to convert water into oxygen and hydrogen, and reduce emissions in its production. If that is possible, along with no emissions from the planes themselves, aviation could become a truly green form of travel.
‘By 2050 we need to (become) a carbon-neutral society, and the aviation sector needs to contribute,’ said Dr Biebuyck. ‘Of course, it is not only aviation that will have to adapt. We all need to work together. But we cannot beat climate change without aviation being decarbonised.’
Europe looks set to have a major part to play in this, with it leading the development of many hydrogen-driven technologies, including hydrogen planes. ‘Europe is very far in front,’ said Dr Kallo. ‘There are some projects in the US and China. But they haven’t shown the level of progress we have.’
And it could very well be that in the coming decades, your flight from Paris to Madrid or Munich to Rome could be on a green, clean flying machine, one that produces no emissions and has no impact on climate change – an exciting glimpse at our decarbonised future.
‘This is really a chance to switch from hydrocarbon-based aviation to hydrogen aviation,’ said Dr Kallo.
In order for Europe to fully achieve the environmental benefits of hydrogen-powered the production of clean – or green – hydrogen needs to be dramatically scaled up.
Clean hydrogen is produced from water using an electric current from a renewable source, rather than from fossil fuels. Today only a tiny fraction of hydrogen used in Europe is clean.
On 8 July the EU published a hydrogen strategy setting out a vision for how Europe can scale up the production, distribution and storage of clean hydrogen.
The research in this article was funded by the EU. If you liked this article, please consider sharing it on social media.
Published by Horizon | <urn:uuid:729210d0-e88d-4e57-a14a-4540eb7a6857> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://horizon.scienceblog.com/1347/quiet-and-green-why-hydrogen-planes-could-be-the-future-of-aviation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.94633 | 1,593 | 4 | 4 |
According to new research, one reason for experiencing this is biological.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London and Goldsmiths University of London have discovered that using a targeted electric current to suppress a particular region of the brain can help break us out of these states of creative flux. The results were published in the journal Scientific Reports.
The specific area of the brain is called the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, or DLPFC, and it is used for cerebral thinking and higher executive function. What this means is it's the area where you solve problems by applying the rules you've already learned. However, this can backfire if you come across an unfamiliar problem, because your brain may try and pigeon-hole the problem into a scenario it already knows.
In the experiment, subjects show that participants who received the suppression of part of their brains showed a better ability to think outside the box.
"We solve problems by applying rules we learn from experience, and the DLPFC plays a key role in automating this process," said Caroline Di Bernardi Luft, a professor from QMUL's School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and first author of the study. "It works fine most of the time, but fails spectacularly when we encounter new problems which require a new style of thinking — our past experience can indeed block our creativity."
She added that in order to break this mental fixation, we need to loosen up our minds to stop focusing on our learned rules.
60 participants took part in the study, where their DLPFC was either temporarily suppressed or activated, or unstimulated in the control group. This was done by passing a weak electrical current through saline-soaked electrodes placed over the scalp. The direction of the current determined whether the brain region was activated or suppressed. The current was very low so there was no unpleasant sensation for the subjects.
While this was going on, the participants were asked to solve tricky "matchstick problems" which required relaxing the rules of arithmatic and algebra. For example, they were given an incorrect arithmatic equation expressed in Roman numerals, and told to correct it by only moving one matchstick to another place.
When confronted with these problems, subjects tend to activate their arithmetic knowledge, the paper notes. However, to actualy solve the problem you have to relax or override the learned constraints, such as how a plus sign cannot be turned into an equal sign.
"The stronger the requirement of constraint relaxation, the harder the problem is to solve," the paper reads.
According to the results of the study, those who had their brain region temporarily suppressed were more likely to solve the harder problems than those whose brains were activated or untouched. From this, the researchers conclude that suppression might help you relax the constraints that come with remembering rules.
However, Luft added that the potential applications for the technique will have to be thought through in more detail, rather than just assuming that suppressing your brain with an electric company can improve cognition.
"I would say that we are not yet in a position to wear an electrical hat and start stimulating our brain hoping for a blanket cognitive gain," she said. | <urn:uuid:2ee4abc6-2322-4d92-b7d1-ce1a1802a647> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.insider.com/overthinking-makes-us-less-creative-according-to-new-research-2017-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968992 | 642 | 3.03125 | 3 |
[Sca-cooks] Khabisa with Pomegranate
lilinah at earthlink.net
Fri Mar 28 20:33:15 PDT 2008
>The distinction made here between "semolina" and "flour" that appears
>in these recipes has more to do with whether it is hard durum wheat
>or a softer "bread" wheat that is the source of the flour. They do
>result in markedly different textures and it would not be unusual to
>use both in a recipe in order to achieve a firmer texture than soft
>wheat alone or a softer texture than semolina alone.
I know when i was in Morocco, in Dec. 2000-Jan. 2001, nearly every
item i ate that was made with "flour" was semolina, hard wheat type,
or mostly hard wheat. In fact, much of the semolina flour was freshly
ground for Ramadan, so quite yellow (flour whitens as it ages).
I don't know a great deal about flours, but am i correct in assuming
that when it is first ground it is a bit moister than it will become
with aging? ...although, of course, it can absorb moisture from the
All the breads - yeasted and unyeasted, flat and risen, baked and
pan-cook - tended to a certain "firmness".
When i bought a loaf off a baker's tray in the middle of a windy path
in a medina, i was surprised by its firmness and dryness - it was
fragrant with orange flower water and anise (which i don't normally
like, but which seemed perfectly appropriate in this setting) and
topped with sesame seeds, so i expected something tender, which it
I went to meet up with my daughter, who was doing a semester abroad
in Morocco. The family she had been living with (the mother was a
nurse and the father a professor) had purchased a sack of whole wheat
berries. They then washed them clean and spread them out on their
balcony to dry - they lived in an apartment building, not a
traditional-style house - but it had a vast balcony. Once dry they
took the wheat to a miller. This was the flour they used for all the
The mother and the younger daughter (the older one was attending an
American university in Florida) then spent a great deal of time every
day kneading and kneading and pulling and stretching, then kneading
and stretching the dough some more, in a large ceramic gs'aa, glazed
on the outside, but unglazed on the inside, with very low sides
(1-1/2 to 2 inches). I really wanted one, but it would have been too
difficult to get home. They had a modern gas stove in their kitchen,
which i never saw them use. Rather, they cooked everything on a
two-burner kerosene stove sitting on a counter near a door onto the
balcony. They only used the gas stove by putting cooked food into the
unlit oven to keep it warm before serving.
The modern Moroccans have quite an array of yeasted and unyeasted
pan-cooked doughy-bready things, many of which are served with a lot
of melted butter and warm honey. (trust me, pita is so totally
inappropriate for Moroccan, Algerian, and Tunisian meals).
I ate Beghrir, Krachel, L'harcha, M'semmen, Mkarkach, Mlaoui,
Rghaif... then there are the regional specialties...
("r" is flapped or rolled as in Spanish or Italian, "gh" is kinda
like French or German "r" only more guttural)
I notice in reviewing modern Moroccan recipes that some use a mix of
hard wheat flour and soft wheat flour, AND work in some semolina,
some are made only with flour, and others made only with semolina so
they have a "cornmeal" texture.
Urtatim (that's err-tah-TEEM)
the persona formerly known as Anahita
More information about the Sca-cooks | <urn:uuid:571ec68c-8e86-4f3d-8e3d-f21918913a2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lists.ansteorra.org/htdig.cgi/sca-cooks-ansteorra.org/2008-March/382519.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.969822 | 958 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Concerta Addiction: Signs, Symptoms, Effects, and Treatment
Concerta is a slow-releasing form of methylphenidate, a central nervous system stimulant prescribed for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While it can be therapeutic for those who take it as prescribed, its abuse potential is high due to its effect on the brain’s reward system.1, 2
Is Concerta Addictive?
Concerta is a stimulant medication that can be addictive when abused. The risk of developing an addiction to Concerta is low when it is taken as prescribed.
In therapeutic doses, Concerta does not typically produce a high. However, taking large doses and using the drug in ways other than how it was prescribed – for example, snorting it or injecting it – can cause euphoria and increase the risk of addiction.3
Many people who abuse Concerta also develop tolerance to the drug’s stimulant actions – soon needing to take increasingly higher doses to achieve the same effect as before. 7 This ever-spiraling drug use behavior can ultimately lead to addiction.
Concerta is commonly abused by people trying to:
- Stay awake.
- Lose weight.
- Improve academic performance.
- Achieve a high similar to cocaine.
Repeated use causes changes in the brain and body, as various physiologic processes adapt to the consistent presence of the drug. If you suddenly stop taking Concerta after a long period of use, you may experience withdrawal symptoms as your body adjusts to the changes.2, 3
Common withdrawal symptoms include:
- Disturbed sleep patterns.
ADHD Medication Diversion
Many people in their 20s can get their hands on ADHD stimulant medications even if they don’t have a prescription. Where do they get them?
In 2016, Recovery Brands found that 63% of college-age people 18 to 28 years old get ADHD medications through their friends. More than 20% acquire them from family, almost 20% from people they know from school, and almost 15% via a street dealer.
Keeping track of prescription ADHD stimulants protects susceptible young men and women from the consequences of stimulant abuse.
How to Tell If You or a Loved One Is Addicted
Some people who develop an addiction to Concerta might be slower to recognize the problem since the medication was prescribed to them by their doctor. Others may feel they are just using the drug to improve their performance and may fail to recognize that their use has become destructive.
If you or someone you love is taking Concerta, it is important to be aware of the signs of addiction so that you can address the problem before it becomes severe.
Signs and Symptoms of Concerta Addiction
Some common signs and symptoms of Concerta addiction include:
- Mood swings.
- Weight loss.
- Severe depression and mental exhaustion after the drug wears off.
- Paranoia and delusions.
- Suicidal thoughts.
Additionally, some telltale behaviors suggestive of problematic Concerta use include:
- Crushing and snorting the drug.
- Combining Concerta with other drugs and alcohol to intensify the effect.
Diagnostic Criteria for a Substance Use Disorder
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), a person can be diagnosed with an addiction to Concerta (also called a stimulant use disorder) if problematic use leads to 2 or more of the following in a 12-month period: 8
- Cravings for Concerta.
- Tolerance to the effects of Concerta.
- Withdrawal from Concerta when it is not taken or taking Concerta to avoid withdrawal effects.
- Inability to quit or cut down use.
- Failure to meet personal and professional commitments due to Concerta abuse.
- Taking more Concerta than intended.
- Using Concerta in a physically harmful way.
- Spending an excessive amount of time on activities related to Concerta use.
- Continuing to use despite problems in relationships caused by Concerta use.
- Continuing to use Concerta even when it is causing or worsening physical and mental health problems.
- Giving up or missing out on important personal, recreational, social and professional activities because of Concerta use.
Paying for Concerta Addiction Treatment
The cost of treatment will vary greatly depending on many factors, including:
- Whether you choose an inpatient or outpatient rehab facility: Inpatient treatment is generally more expensive and may not be fully covered under some health insurance plans.
- How long you stay: Some programs are 28 days long while others could be 6 months or longer.
- Where you stay: Every facility is different. Some treatment centers offer luxury amenities, private rooms and other special services that can increase the cost.
- Location of the facility: Cost of treatment varies from state to state and between urban and rural areas.
Addiction treatment can be expensive. A month in a standard inpatient rehab facility with no added amenities costs an average of $10,000 to $20,000 per month. More private, executive or luxury rehab programs can cost upward of $80,000.
For many people struggling with addiction, finances may seem like a significant barrier to treatment. People with a substance abuse problem may even forgo treatment because they think they can’t afford it. But don’t let the price prevent you from seeking professional help. You have several options for covering the cost.
You can finance your treatment in a number of ways, including:
- Health insurance: Some rehab facilities accept health insurance for payment. But you may still have out-of-pocket costs. Insurance companies may also choose to only cover outpatient care or limit coverage to providers that are in their network. Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), all health insurance plans provided by Medicaid or sold on the health insurance exchanges to certain newly eligible adults as of 2014 must include services for substance use disorders. Depending on your income, you may be eligible for a qualifying Medicaid plan that could help cover the costs of your treatment. 5
- Personal savings: You might be hesitant about using your savings account to cover treatment. But investing in recovery may be the best way to spend this money. That’s because addiction can cost more than rehab in the long run due to health costs, financial problems and legal fees. If you think this may be an option for you, consider speaking with a financial advisor to help you with the decision.
- Payment plans and sliding scale rates: Many addiction treatment centers offer payment plans and sliding scale rates. Speak with the treatment center you are interested in attending to see what financing options they may have available.
- Credit cards: Paying for treatment with a credit card may be another option as it allows you to pay the treatment center in full and make payments to the credit card company over time. However, credit card interest rates can be high. Some healthcare financing credit cards are geared toward larger health-related expenditures and may offer lower interest rates and more flexible repayment plans.
- Loans: Some people choose to take out a bank loan to cover the cost of treatment. Seek a loan with a low interest rate and manageable payment terms.
- Borrowing: You can ask a family member or friend for a personal loan to help you cover treatment costs.
- Crowdfunding. Many popular crowdfunding websites such as
GoFundMe allow you can seek financial assistance from friends, family and even strangers. You may be surprised how many people donate to your cause and how fast the funds add up.
- Sell assets: If you have valuable assets such as a car, boat, motorcycle, art work or jewelry, you might consider selling these items to help you fund treatment. This option can be difficult for people if they have a personal attachment to their belongings. But look at it as an investment in your future. After you complete treatment and regain control of your life, you can always purchase new things.
- Low-cost and free drug treatment: If none of the above methods of payment are possible for you, you can still seek free and low-cost drug treatment. Churches and nonprofit organizations offer free drug treatment services to those in need, but these programs can be hard to get into.
If you do not have insurance and are concerned about covering the cost of treatment, call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) 24/7 national helpline for assistance and information at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).
Getting Treatment and Starting Recovery
People abuse Concerta for a variety of reasons. Each person is unique, and no single method of treatment will work for everyone. Treatment options may include the following: 4
- Inpatient treatment: Takes place in a residential treatment center with around-the-clock care. You will typically stay in the center for at least 28 days. Other common inpatient programs last 60 days to 90 days or longer. Treatment usually consists of a combination of medically assisted detox, counseling, therapy, support groups, education and alternative therapies such as yoga, meditation and acupuncture.
- Outpatient treatment: May be a better option for some people. These programs often include the same treatment services as inpatient programs, but they take place part-time rather than full-time. Outpatient treatment allows you to remain active in your personal and professional life. It is also a more affordable option for those who have trouble covering the costs of inpatient programs.
- 12-step programs: Are step-by-step support groups that help people gradually work toward achieving and maintaining sobriety, often with the guidance of a sponsor. This process, along with the support of a group, can help people find purpose and build a solid foundation for a drug-free life. One 12-step program for addiction to Concerta and other prescription drugs is Pills Anonymous.
- Dual diagnosis: Many people who abuse Concerta were prescribed it for the treatment of ADHD. Dual diagnosis treatment addresses drug addiction as well as any other co-occurring mental disorders a person may have that contribute to his or her drug addiction. This may include depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Those who have ADHD may have to work with treatment staff to find other methods or medications to manage the disorder.
- Contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy are two therapeutic approaches that may be helpful in overcoming a Concerta addiction. 6 Contingency management uses a reward system to reinforce drug-free behaviors such as negative urine tests. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps you identify and change maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that may be contributing to your substance abuse. Both treatment strategies may be used as part of either an inpatient or outpatient treatment program.
Some important things to consider when choosing a treatment program are:
- Location: Do you want to attend a facility near your friends and family? Does your insurance cover treatment in this location?
- Cost: As discussed earlier, it is important to find a treatment program that is affordable for you.
- Qualifications of staff: Make sure the treatment center you choose has a well-rounded staff who can address addiction on all levels. A treatment center should have a trained staff of licensed professionals including physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses and counselors.
- Program accreditation: Accreditation holds the facility to certain standards and to state licensing requirements. Finding an accredited facility provides added assurance that you will receive adequate care.
- Program philosophy: When choosing a treatment facility, try to find out the philosophy of the program and make sure it is aligned with your own personal philosophy, beliefs and values. If the center’s treatment philosophy doesn’t resonate with you, it could hinder your recovery process.
American Addiction Centers has helped thousands recover from addiction and we can help you or your loved one too. Check your insurance to find out instantly if your insurance provider may be able to cover all or part of the cost of rehab and associated therapies. You can also sign up 24/7 text support for addiction questions at your convenience.
Short- and Long-Term Side Effects of Concerta Dependency
The short-term side effects of Concerta abuse can include: 1, 7, 8
- Loss of appetite.
- Weight loss.
- Blood pressure and pulse changes.
- Elevated body temperature.
- Increased respiration rate.
- Pupil dilation.
- Increased motor activity.
- Chest pain.
The long-term effects of Concerta dependency can be serious and life-threatening:7, 8
- Organ toxicity.
- Poor hygiene.
- Dental problems.
- Sinusitis, irritation and bleeding of the nasal mucosa, perforated nasal septum (from snorting).
- Puncture marks and “tracks” (from injecting the drug).
- Heart attack.
Find a Treatment Program for Concerta Addiction
If you or someone you love is battling Concerta addiction, you don’t have to do it alone. Professional treatment can help you regain control of your life and maintain sobriety.
For assistance finding a treatment center, contact one of our recovery support specialists at . | <urn:uuid:0377ac36-2228-4565-9da0-d3e33e62476f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://recovery.org/concerta/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932946 | 2,781 | 2.75 | 3 |
The International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment – an Update
(IFFN No. 21 – September 1999,p. 89-90)
The third phase of the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment (ICFME) was successfully completed in late June and early July of 1999 near Fort Providence in Canada’s Northwest Territories. Designed primarily to develop knowledge and data essential to predicting the initiation and propagation of high-intensity crown fires, ICFME has been expanded to include the evaluation of personal protective equipment (including fire shelters), smoke chemistry analyses, investigations into the effect of fuels modification on fire behaviour, and the assessment/evaluation of community housing fire protection standards.
Conducted under the auspices of the International Boreal Forest Research Association (IBFRA) and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP), and coordinated by the Canadian Forest Service (CFS), the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT), and the United States Forest Service (USFS), the ICFME has brought together 50-70 research and operational personnel annually during the past three years. In addition to CFS, GNWT and USFS participants, researchers from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Commonwealth Society of Industrial Research Organizations (CSIRO) in Australia, the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC) in Germany, and universities in Canada, the United States, Japan, the Netherlands, and South Africa have participated. The GNWT and the community of Fort Providence have provided the cooperation and logistical support necessary to undertake this large research endeavour.
To date, eleven successful crown fires have been conducted (three in 1997, two in 1998, and six in 1999). These have been the most complex and heavily-instrumented experimental crown fires ever conducted in the northern hemisphere, and a large amount of data has been successfully gathered. This data is currently being evaluated, and a data reduction workshop which will involve all key participants is scheduled for December 1999. Data and knowledge gaps identified at this workshop will be addressed next summer in the final phase of ICFME. Background information, summary progress reports, media coverage, and selected photography from the ICFME is available at the ICFME Home Page (http://www.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/fire/fmn/nwt/).
Fig.1. Aerial view of the ICFME experimental plots in the Northwest Territories, Canada.
Submitted by the ICFME Co-Coordinators:
B.J. Stocks, Canadian Forest Service (CFS) M.E. Alexander (CFS), and R.A. Lanoville, Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) | <urn:uuid:ecaba4d6-2474-42a5-9cf5-00f90f48e578> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gfmc.online/iffn/research/res_5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.914472 | 591 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Each household in Singapore can now collect surgical and N95 respirator face mask box sets. This initiative is part of Temasek Foundation's month-long collection exercise.
Singapore households to get free masks as part of the Stay Prepared initiative.
Besides distancing and hand washing, masks are a proven way to keep viruses away. But with a global shortage, making your own mask is the best option.
Very interesting findings.
Better to be safe than sorry.
Are surgical and N95 masks effective in protecting your child from viruses like the COVID-19? A paediatrician gives her insights. | <urn:uuid:cb46b184-e3a3-4257-b4c0-dd0479c48454> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sg.theasianparent.com/tag/surgical-masks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.894007 | 144 | 2.046875 | 2 |
SATELLITE BEACH, Fla. – Lower the State Road A1A speed limit and install HAWK pedestrian-activated red-light signals at crosswalks to better catch the eyes of distracted drivers, Satellite Beach Mayor Frank Catino argues.
Friday morning, Catino sent a three-page letter to the Florida Department of Transportation and a variety of Space Coast officials, lobbying for SR A1A safety improvements in the wake of a 12-year-old Satellite Beach girl’s death, News 6 partner Florida Today reported.
In spring 2019, FDOT installed pedestrian-activated yellow flashing lights at Satellite Beach mid-block crosswalks at Grant Avenue, Ellwood Avenue, Royal Palm Boulevard, Magellan Avenue, Sunrise Avenue and Volunteer Way.
But three days before Christmas, Sophia Nelson, a Surfside Elementary sixth grader who was walking home from the beach, was struck by a vehicle in the Ellwood Avenue crosswalk. Nelson never regained brain function after the impact — and on Christmas, she donated organs to four recipients at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children in Orlando.
In his letter, Catino asked FDOT to:
• Reduce the SR A1A speed limit in Satellite Beach.
Thursday afternoon, Catino, Satellite Beach City Manager Courtney Barker, Florida Sen. Debbie Mayfield, R-Melbourne, and Brevard County Commissioner Curt Smith participated in a conference call with FDOT officials.
"Debbie and I were adamant that they need to lower the speed limit to 35, as opposed to 45," Smith said.
• Research installing red-light crosswalk signals.
In his letter, Catino said many Satellite Beach residents feel drivers have difficulty stopping in time at the yellow-beacon crosswalks — or they "just ignore the lights altogether."
“While some feel this is also due to the speeds in which drivers are using on this roadway and/or distracted driving, the request for the red lights is, without a doubt, the most common request we are hearing from our community,” Catino wrote.
• Add crosswalk signs that warn pedestrians to wait until cars have stopped before crossing.
In addition, road signs near the Pineda Causeway and southern city limits could alert drivers to prepare to stop at numerous crosswalks ahead.
• Fill in stretches of missing sidewalks along the west side of SR A1A.
"It infuriates me that that hasn't been done yet. Because there's big gaps in the sidewalk system on the west side. So people will walk in ditches or on the bike path — right on the road," Barker said.
"It's just not right. We're a beach town. There's heavy pedestrian, bicycle and golf cart use over here," she said.
Catino’s letter also requested a full traffic signal at the intersection of SR A1A and Roosevelt Avenue, near Chabad Jewish Community Center. The city requested a full intersection here in 2014 and 2019, but was denied, he wrote.
The Satellite Beach City Council will discuss a crosswalk enforcement plan during its Jan. 15 meeting. Catino also called for a traffic safety workshop by the third week of January involving FDOT, Brevard’s beachside cities and towns, county officials and state legislators.
The Satellite Beach police crash investigation into Nelson's death remains ongoing. In his letter, Catino said the investigation may take up to 90 days to complete.
The tragedy has triggered emotion in close-knit Satellite Beach. On Dec. 28, nearly 100 people attended a sign-waving demonstration at the Ellwood Avenue crosswalk, protesting the yellow-flashing beacons as unsafe and confusing.
The following night, hundreds of mourners gathered at Pelican Beach Park for a candlelight vigil in Nelson’s memory.
Developed during the late 1990s in Tucson, Arizona, HAWK crosswalk signals are listed as "experimental" on the FDOT pedestrian facilities website. In October, FDOT finished installing five HAWK mid-block crossing beacons on North Roosevelt Boulevard in Key West.
Here's how they work: After a pedestrian pushes a button, the HAWK signal starts flashing yellow to alert motorists to slow down. After a few seconds, the signal shifts to a solid yellow light.
Then a steady red light appears. That's when pedestrians and bicyclists are supposed to cross, after looking to make sure that traffic has stopped.
The signal later shifts to flashing red lights, which indicate that drivers can proceed with caution if the crosswalk is clear. Afterward, the beacon lights go dark.
In an ongoing $1.1 million project, FDOT is installing a dozen raised concrete mid-block crosswalks — equipped with yellow flashing lights — from Indian Harbour Beach southward to Indialantic. Lane closures are expected to continue along this 3.8-mile zone through the early part of the new year.
Future mid-block crosswalk locations:
• South of Second Avenue
• North of Watson Drive
• North of Niemara Avenue
• North of Flug Avenue
• North of Boskind Road
• North of Del Flora Street
• South of Terrace Shores Drive
• North of Pine Tree Drive
• North of Poinsetta Street
• South of Harris Boulevard
• South of Coral Way
• South of Atlantic Boulevard (near Millennium Beach Park)
"FDOT is trying to reprogram drivers' minds that yellow isn't caution — yellow is stop. And they're conveying the thought process that (if) people push a button, they're free to walk across that road," Smith said.
“Drivers know red lights. They don’t know yellow lights mean stop. I just think personally that those flashing yellow lights need to go away. And the HAWK system needs to be installed,” he said.
Barker said Satellite Beach officials have asked FDOT to lower SR A1A speed limits since 1991, to no avail. She said they renewed their effort in 2014 while state engineers were planning the ongoing $10 million-plus major redesign of the beachside highway between the Pineda Causeway and Indialantic, but the matter remains under study.
“We just refuse the notion that we need to even study it at all. We just need to get it done, and decreased to 35,” Barker said.
FDOT released the following statement on Friday night:
"The Department has had extensive coordination with local partners and stakeholders in implementing pedestrian safety improvements along the State Road (S.R.) A1A corridor. We appreciate the community’s partnership and will continue focusing on future opportunities to improve safety. We understand the urgency and will continue very close coordination as we evaluate the recommendations being brought forth by all parties. | <urn:uuid:692a511e-411f-4570-bc71-fd21351c78bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clickorlando.com/news/2020/01/03/mayor-calls-for-change-after-12-year-old-girl-was-fatally-struck-in-crosswalk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.950075 | 1,409 | 1.664063 | 2 |
John von Neumann (1903–1957) was a brilliant mathematician and pioneer of the modern computer. His groundbreaking work Theory of Games and Economic Behavior co-authored with Oskar Morgenstern has become a classic work upon which modern-day game theory is based.
Peter D. Lax is Professor of Mathematics at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University. He is the recipient of the 2005 Abel Prize of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Simply Charly: You are one of the very few people today who knew John von Neumann on a personal and professional level. How did the two of you first meet?
Peter Lax: I arrived with my family in the US in December ’41; I was 15 years old. I had already shown interest and talent by solving elementary but difficult mathematical problems. I have brought with me letters of introduction to von Neumann from my tutors Rozsa Peter and Denes Konig, asking him to pay attention to my mathematical development. Von Neumann suggested that after completing my high-school education, I study at Columbia. I received far better advice from the distinguished mathematician Szego (Mrs. Szego was a cousin of my mother) that I study at NYU with Richard Courant, who is very good at looking after young people. This was the best advice I ever got.
SC: As a groundbreaking mathematician yourself, you’ve had the privilege of seeing the field of mathematics develop and evolve throughout the past century. What, in your opinion, was von Neumann’s greatest contribution to the field? Has your own work been influenced by any of his ideas?
PL: Von Neumann had made many great contributions to mathematics; it is hard to call any of them his greatest. I was deeply influenced by his work on the stability of difference schemes about which I learned while serving at the Los Alamos Laboratory.
SC: You have referred to von Neumann as the “prophet of the age of technology.” Could you give some examples of technological or scientific developments that von Neumann predicted? What made von Neumann capable of such foresight?
PL: Von Neumann had one of the most powerful minds; the distinguished nuclear physicist Hans Bethe had called it, only half in jest, an upward mutation of the human mind. In his work during the war on nuclear weapons, he saw that one cannot design an atomic bomb by trial and error but has to be able to design it by mathematical computations. He saw that these calculations would be so complex that they could only be carried out by computers. During the war, they were carried out by computers improvised from tabulating machines. This led to von Neumann’s deep interest in computers; he saw that computers were essential not only for designing weapons but for all design problems in every branch of high technology.
The public is not aware of the genius of von Neumann and the importance of his ideas in shaping the modern world.
SC: It’s certainly true that for being such a tremendously influential figure in 20th-century mathematics, von Neumann isn’t remarkably well-known today. Why do you believe this is? Why did von Neumann fail to make as large an impact in the public eye as, say, Albert Einstein or even Alan Turing?
PL: It is a mystery to me why von Neumann isn’t a household name among educated people. The most powerful brain, father of the modern computer, uncle of the atomic bomb—this is the stuff of legends! And he was a legend in his lifetime among those who knew him.
Perhaps an article in the New York Times on some anniversary could start the ball rolling.
SC: When discussing the ubiquity of computers in a 2005 interview with the New York Times, you mentioned that although von Neumann could see very far, he died in 1957 and did not live to see transistors replace vacuum tubes. You seem to be implying here that it’s difficult to discern what von Neumann would make of computers today due to his death happening so long ago; is this accurate? Technologically speaking, have we reached a point beyond von Neumann’s capability to imagine back in the 1950’s?
PL: Von Neumann died at age 54; he did not live to see the invention of transistors and the vast technology they made possible. If he were around today, he would be delighted to see how computers and computing are shaping modern life.
SC: In general, do you feel that historians and biographers have adequately represented Von Neumann? Are there any common misconceptions about his life and work that you’d like to clear up?
PL: Von Neumann is sometimes portrayed as advocating preventive war before the Soviet Union acquired nuclear weapons. I don’t believe this is true; he speculated on the possibility but did not advocate it.
SC: Von Neumann was essentially the founder of game theory, a logical framework that has since been applied to economics, war, psychology, and even biology. How did von Neumann first get interested in game theory? Would you say that von Neumann’s support of mutually assured destruction during the Cold War was itself a form of game theory?
PL: I don’t know how von Neumann became interested in game theory.
SC: In the early 20th century, von Neumann was instrumental in helping to develop the then-emerging field of quantum mechanics. How did von Neumann’s approach towards quantum theory differ from his contemporaries such as Paul Dirac? How did von Neumann’s use of a mathematical framework allow him to make discoveries in the field?
PL: Von Neumann has put the formulation of quantum mechanics on a rigorous basis. For instance, he replaced Dirac’s intuitive but imprecise notion of the delta function by rigorous mathematics (Laurent Schwartz accomplished the same thing by his theory of distribution).
SC: A topic that often comes up when studying brilliant mathematicians such as yourself and von Neumann is the difference between “pure” and “applied” mathematics; you’ve mentioned in a lecture that von Neumann was known as a pure mathematician long before he became famous for his practical applied mathematics. Could you explain what the difference is between the two?
PL: The substance of pure and applied mathematics are similar. The difference is that the final aim of a piece of pure mathematics is an abstract statement; in a piece of applied mathematics, you have to explain the application of that abstract statement in the real world.
SC: Von Neumann will always be best remembered as a mathematician, but he was also an important political consultant and vital contributor to the Manhattan Project. How did von Neumann feel about the use of the atomic bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima? What, in your opinion, is the cultural role of mathematicians and scientists when it comes to politics and warfare?
PL: My feeling about the use of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki is that they were necessary to end the war, and that thereby they saved many more lives, on both sides, than would have been destroyed in an invasion of the Japanese mainland. Remember the fanatical defense by the Japanese of the island of Tarawa.
Scientists and mathematicians have no special role in politics, except in the very rare case that they have information not available to the general public. | <urn:uuid:271d7503-61eb-4f93-aca4-fc4dd7cf7ae3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.simplycharly.com/%3Fpost_type%3Dinterviews%26p%3D12544 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972487 | 1,534 | 2.90625 | 3 |
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Physical abuse is an act that is done to intentionally hurt or injure another person through bodily harm. This includes biting, pushing, slapping, burning, kicking and other acts that cause physical harm to somebody else. In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse whether it be by their parents/ family members or other children. However, adults can suffer from physical abuse too by their partner or somebody they know. Physical abuse is a part of bullying and harassment and is used to aggressively pressure or intimidate somebody else in order to get them to do something or to scare them.
Emotional abuse is constant emotional maltreatment towards somebody else; Emotional abuse is also known as psychological abuse. Emotional abuse could be deliberate ongoing criticism towards someone, intimidation and threats, undermining, making somebody always feel guilty for their actions, isolating/ ignoring someone and trying to scare or humiliate them. Anybody from adult to child can suffer from being emotionally abused. However, children are more vulnerable as they are not as aware as adults are. 1 in 14 children suffer from emotional abuse from a parent or guardian which can seriously damage their emotional development and health.
Sexual abuse is usually undesired sexual behaviour by a person upon another. If somebody is sexually abused they are forced or persuaded to take part in any sexual act. If this is a child they are usually too scared to speak out about it or they do not understand what is happening. Therefore, they may not even understand that they have been sexually abused and that it is wrong. There are two different types of sexual abuse and these are called contact abuse and non- contact abuse.
Contact abuse can include sexual touching of any part of the child’s body with or without clothing, Rape or any sort of penetration, forcing a child to take part in a sexual activity and forcing a child to take their clothes off and touch other people. Non- contact abuse includes forcing a child to watch or hear sexual acts, online abuse, showing pornography to a child and meeting a child following sexual grooming with the intent of abusing them. Neglect Neglect is when you continuously fail to care for something.
Therefore, neglecting a child means that you fail to meet their basic needs such as clean clothing, food, water, hygiene, shelter, medical care and supervision. Neglect is the most common form of child abuse and may put the child in danger of physical or emotional abuse too. In addition, neglect can put a child in danger and give them long term damage and in serious cases, death.
Domestic abuse occurs in relationships (and can continue even after the relationship has ended) and is any type of violence, bullying, controlling or threatening behaviour towards someone. Domestic abuse is defined broadly and can include physical, sexual, emotional, financial and psychological abuse. Both men or women can be the abuser or abused and domestic abuse can occur in adult or teenage relationships. If a child witnesses domestic abuse then it is child abuse as it will negatively affect them and may affect their emotional development and progress.
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Are you interested in getting a customized paper?Check it out! | <urn:uuid:1e9c9cca-e191-4eb1-9350-c942744b68d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/physical-abuse-and-injury/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960253 | 832 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Border tensions with India in 2019 were a major stress point for Prime Minister Imran Khan when he came to power, he revealed in an interview with international media.
Speaking to Middle East Eye (MEE), the PM said that there was a flare up between the two hostile states in 2019, in which an Indian pilots plane was shot down. PM Khan was referring to Indian Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthamans plane being shot by Pakistani forces after he entered Pakistans airspace. PM Khan said the situation was particularly contentious because both India and Pakistan were nuclear states. PM Khan told MEE that the tensions were allayed after Varthaman was released by the Pakistan government.
During the interview, PM Khan also drew parallels between Indian atrocities in occupied Kashmir and Israeli crimes against Palestinians. PM Khan accused Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi of being inspired by former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Nethanyahus anti-Palestine policies.
The PM added that diplomatic ties between Israel and India were strengthened after Modi visited Israel in 2017, following which Netanyahu visited India the next year. The military cooperation ran deep between the two countries, Khan said, after the two worked to develop aerial defence systems and the Israel Aerospace Industries.
PM Khan also said that India took notes from Israel in its occupation of Kashmir. The premier talked about the abolishment of Article 370 in the Indian constitution, which put an end to Kashmirs autonomy. He added that Kashmiris feared that the government was trying to change the demographic composition by eventually allowing settlers to buy land in Kashmir. This, PM Khan said was a page out of Israels playbook, which too let settlers brazenly inhabit Palestinian land.
The PM also spoke about the US role in the Kashmir issue and maintained that India enjoyed immunity from international scrutiny due to their hostility with China. PM Khan said that the United Nations General Assembly had full confidence in the veto powers of the US, who would use India as a bulwark against China. | <urn:uuid:e60213e6-abac-4d71-888f-688c109f41e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://minutemirror.com.pk/border-skirmish-with-india-in-2019-was-major-stress-point-for-pm-khan-5445/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.98403 | 395 | 1.578125 | 2 |
“When you like a flower, you pluck it. But, when you love it, you water it daily and let it flourish,” says 28-year-old Kusini Jyothi Priyanka, a nature lover and an avid urban gardener. In her hometown – Bhadrachalam, Telangana, she is growing 20 varieties of seasonal flowers in 700 flower pots on her 600 sq ft terrace!
How does she manage them? With a deep passion for growing plants, consistent efforts, and by dedicating all her time to raise the plants. Today, tending to her garden has become a full-time job, and Priyanka says that she would rather do this than anything else.
How did it start?
Gardening was something Priyanka was passionate about since her childhood. Her mother would grow many plants such as mangoes, guava, custard apple, pomegranate in their backyard and today they have grown into large trees.
“After I completed my engineering degree, in 2015, I moved to Hyderabad to work with a corporate company. During my time there, my lifestyle turned stressful. I would work until the late hours, not eat healthily, and skip meals. In 2018, I decided to move back to my hometown and take care of my health. The first step I took on that journey was to eat healthy and nutritious food. To do that, I decided to grow my vegetables,” says Priyanka.
The same year, she purchased 30 flower pots to grow only tomatoes. She got the saplings from a nursery near her home.
“I made a potting mix with garden soil, cocopeat, cow dung, vermicompost and rice husk, which adds nutrition to the soil and enables water retention. Within a few months, most of the flower pots had tomatoes growing in them, and I not only used it for cooking all my meals that month but also shared it with my neighbours for free. I started growing tomatoes because I wanted to start with growing something simple.”
After her first experiment was a success, she decided to move on to other vegetables and in the next few months, she got a 100 pots to grow tomatoes, ladyfingers, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, capsicum, ginger, peas, some leafy greens, turmeric and more.
Though her vegetable garden was a success, and she had started to eat healthily, Priyanka wanted to add more colours to the terrace. She always enjoyed looking at pretty flowers. If it were on the side of the road or in someone’s wedding, she would pluck a few and try to identify the name of it.
“At one wedding, I came across very exotic flowers. After looking it up online, I learnt that it was a white exotic lily. By this time, I had an entire list of flowers I wanted to grow such as Amazon lily, oriental lily, freesias, frangipani and more. But, these saplings or flower bulbs were not available at the local nurseries. So I went online and sourced it from a vendor in Delhi who was selling a variety of flowers. I planted each variety in a minimum of 15 pots, and within the next six months, I had around 700 flower pots on my terrace” says Priyanka.
Space is never an issue for her because the 9-inch pots are placed close to each other, in a systematic manner, with enough space for her to walk alongside them. There are a total of 20 varieties of flowers which includes lilies, marigolds, jasmine, night-blooming jasmines, adeniums, chrysanthemums, orchids, and more.
It takes eight hours of hard work and dedication to maintain her garden. Priyanka’s day begins at 4 AM so that she can watch her flowers bloom, birds and butterflies flutter as the sun rises. Then she spends one hour watering her plants and speaking to them.
“I do not have the funds to install a drip irrigation system, so I water the plants using a mug and a big bucket. But I never feel tired. In the evening, I have tea or coffee with my plants and again spend a few hours admiring the flowers and checking for any pests or insects. I consider myself very lucky because till now there have been no infections on any of my plants,” says Priyanka adding that she never found the need to use any organic pesticides or insecticides.
Sharing the flowers
Apart from growing the flowers, Priyanka started to share pictures of her garden regularly on her Facebook and Instagram page. Seeing this, many of her followers would ask if they could get a few propagations or bulbs of the flowers growing in her garden. Without any hesitation, Priyanka would carefully take a bulb, pack it along with coco peat in a newspaper and send it across through a courier service. The price of the bulb depends on the variety of the flower, weight of the package and the delivery fee.
Vinit Khandelwal, a resident of Kolkata, purchased the bulbs of Asiatic lilies and freesias from Priyanka and said that they had bloomed really well.
He says, “I work as an interior designer and manage a garden as my hobby. 6 months ago, I saw some pictures of Priyanka’s garden on a group on Facebook. I was stunned at the number of plants in her pictures, and the flowers looked magnificent, so I placed an order and got them delivered. Today, all the plants have given flowers, and I am pleased.”
Priyanka believes that every human on earth is sent with a purpose, and hers is to grow food, beautiful flowers, and share that with others. Today, she claims the number of plants on her terrace is at 1000, and she plans to expand her garden by adding hanging pots and a vertical garden.
(Edited by Vinayak Hegde)
Let us know how you felt | <urn:uuid:295e5fd5-ccc0-44df-9e80-9756b62209ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thebetterindia.com/242675/flowers-seasonal-plants-pots-urban-terrace-garden-organic-vegetables-telangana-ros174/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.975123 | 1,301 | 2.046875 | 2 |
How coronavirus is changing the 2020 presidential campaign for Trump, Biden and Sanders
Fears over the spread of coronavirus are changing 2020 presidential campaigns as the remaining candidates must find new ways to connect with voters.
The two Democratic frontrunners and the president have all canceled campaign events to avoid large crowds while officials contend with how to handle debates and high-traffic election locations.
Plus, former Vice President Joe Biden, 77, Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, 78, and President Donald Trump, 73, are all in that group of older adults the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says are at a higher risk of COVID-19 and who are urged to take additional precautions.
All eyes are on the way they are handling voter engagement in a time of uncertainty and a growing number of cases in the United States, not only because of the potential risk to candidates and supporters, but because of the way coronavirus has become a political talking point.
Trump addresses nation:Restrictions on 'all travel' from EU to US to start Friday
Here are the ways the coronavirus outbreak, now labeled a global pandemic, is changing the 2020 presidential campaign trail:
Campaign stops turn into remote gatherings
Sanders and Biden both canceled campaign events in Cleveland on Tuesday over public health and safety concerns. There are currently five confirmed coronavirus cases in Ohio, according to a Johns Hopkins University case tracker. Some of those cases are in the same county as Cleveland.
"We are heeding the public warnings from Ohio state officials, who have communicated concern about holding large, indoor events during the coronavirus outbreak,” the Sanders campaign said in a statement.
The Sanders campaign also said future events will be evaluated for safety on a case-by-case basis.
Should they cancel?:Trump and his Democratic rivals forced to reconsider rallies over coronavirus
After canceling its Cleveland event, the Biden camp announced two other campaign stops scheduled in Illinois and Florida would become "virtual events" instead, citing requests by elected officials. Illinois has 23 current cases of the virus while Florida has 27.
On Wednesday, Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force, discussed with lawmakers the risks of large gatherings, recommending to lawmakers "that there not be large crowds" and citing NBA games as an example.
The Biden and Sanders camps have also asked staff to begin working from home. In a memo to staff, the Biden campaign said Philadelphia headquarters employees and those in field offices will work from home for two weeks and that the campaign would continue only with small events. Sanders' team said in a statement that all staff would begin working from home and that the campaign won't hold large events or do door-to-door canvassing, instead pivoting to "digital formats."
Trump cancels events after uncertainty over large rallies
The Trump campaign has had to contend with questions about whether the president should continue to hold the massive rallies he is known for amid warnings from officials to avoid large crowds.
The campaign had announced a new Wisconsin event just hours after the Democratic frontrunners announced cancellations on Tuesday, but announced it and two other campaign events would be cancelled Wednesday night "out of an abundance of caution." White House tours have also been suspended. The campaign has no rallies schedule at present.
The decision to cancel Trump's events was announced after Trump gave a national address on coronavirus on Wednesday, announcing the suspension of travel from most of Europe to the U.S. along with measures he wants Congress to take to ease the strain on the economy.
Tim Murtaugh, director of communications for the Trump campaign, had previously dismissed reports that there was any scaling back of the president's events over coronavirus.
"I think that’ll be a decision that’s made literally on a day-to-day basis," Pence told reporters when asked about campaign rallies on Tuesday.
From 'great' to 'blindsided':How Trump changed his coronavirus message amid fear, confusion in the White House
Democratic debate rerouted from Phoenix to DC
The Democratic debate that was slated for Sunday evening in Phoenix will now be held in Washington, D.C. because of coronavirus concerns and to reduce travel, the Democratic National Committee announced Thursday.
Additionally, Univision anchor Jorge Ramos has stepped down as a moderator of the debate due to potential exposure to the virus, though he is not currently experiencing any symptoms. Univision's Ilia Calderón will replace him.
"Out of an abundance of caution and in order to reduce cross-country travel, all parties have decided that the best path forward is to hold Sunday's debate at CNN's studio in Washington, D.C., with no live audience," DNC communications director Xochitl Hinojosa said in a statement.
The DNC had previously announced there would be no live audience in Phoenix, which will remain true in its D.C. venue, shifting the debate dynamic in the first one-on-one showdown between Biden and Sanders. The traditional live audience usually engages with candidates through cheers, loud expressions of disapproval or even protests.
The DNC said the Biden and Sanders campaigns requested the audience change and that there were no plans to cancel the debate altogether. The debate will also not have the usual press filing center and spin room, where members of the media work and often speak with candidates and their spokespeople after the debate.
Arizona currently has eight active cases of coronavirus, while Washington has 10. Arizona's primary is on Tuesday.
Coronavirus is a new political talking point
As the president's messaging on coronavirus has continued to evolve, Democrats have criticized his handling of the virus' spread. Both Biden and Sanders have knocked the president and advocated for their policy proposals in light of the coronavirus.
"There's no confidence in the president and anything he says or does. He turns everything into what he thinks is a political benefit for himself, but he's actually imploding in the process. But there's a lot of innocent bystanders that are being badly hurt," Biden said on MSNBC. "I wish he would just be quiet... Just let the experts speak and acknowledge whatever they suggest to him is what we should be doing."
Biden released a coronavirus plan on Thursday, saying that Trump is "welcome to adopt all of it." Some aspects of the plan include making the coronavirus test more easily accessible, frequent updates about the pandemic from health care officials and economic relief for families who have been hit by coronavirus. Biden also criticized Trump's travel restrictions.
Trump’s campaign slammed Biden’s remarks, saying the president’s “every move has been aimed at keeping Americans safe, while Joe Biden has sought to capitalize politically and stoke citizens’ fears.”
Addressing coronavirus fallout:Trump, lawmakers spar over details of economic package
Sanders is putting forth Medicare for All, his flagship health care proposal, as a necessity. He spoke on Thursday about his own coronavirus plan and the need for "solidarity" and "love and compassion for all, including the most vulnerable people in our society."
He said the current situation is "a national emergency," and that the U.S. must act accordingly, calling for coronavirus vaccines and treatment to be administered without charge to patients. He also said there should be economic relief for workers who have are sick and must stay home or workers who have been fired, and for service workers whose pay might be affected due to lack of tips.
The Trump campaign on Wednesday accused Biden of canceling campaign events as "an excuse to get off the campaign trail," before Trump's own events were announced as canceled later that night.
Kayleigh McEnany, Trump's campaign spokesperson, said in a Wednesday interview with Fox Business that "the media’s best hope is for Donald Trump to suspend his rallies. They’ve been wanting him to stop this, they know it’s his avenue to speak directly to the American people, so we’re going to follow the president’s lead, we’re not going to cave to the media."
States moving polling places to avoid coronavirus spread
Some states with upcoming elections are moving their polling locations and urging voters to take advantage of vote-by-mail and early voting options where available to prevent the spread of coronavirus to residents of senior homes.
Arizona, Illinois, Florida and Ohio, all states with presidential primaries on Tuesday, have announced changes to polling places, according to local news outlets.
Five polling spots in Maricopa County, Arizona, were moved out of senior living facilities, where residents are at a higher risk for contraction, the Arizona Republic reported.
"Because they were at the homes of older adults and those with serious chronic medical conditions, we made the decision to relocate these polling locations to nonresidential facilities," Maricopa County Elections Department spokeswoman Megan Gilbertson said in a statement, adding that poll workers were also receiving guidance on how to keep locations clean.
In Illinois, the Chicago Board of Elections also planned to move 25 polling spots, some of which were also in senior facilities, according to the Chicago Tribune. The Tampa Bay Times also reported some Florida counties were concerned about poll workers dropping out due to the virus ahead of its Tuesday primary, and that Gov. Ron DeSantis advised the general public should not be allowed to vote at senior center polling sites. And changes will affect at least 100 polling sites in Ohio, according to News 5 Cleveland.
Contributing: John Fritze, Savannah Behrmann, Rebecca Morin, Nicholas Wu, Courtney Subramanian | <urn:uuid:f9c39103-d239-4b2f-b46a-6eb7ff17de7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/03/12/how-coronavirus-changing-trump-biden-sanders-2020-campaigns/5025745002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969094 | 2,009 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Chinese machine translation systems: way ahead of us or simply a bad translation?
A fundamental part of being human is the ability to communicate with each other. With roughly 6500 languages spoken worldwide, and our world becoming more and more connected through advancing technologies and fast globalisation, machine language translation is an essential part of our existence. Fast and accurate language translations largely serve as our bridge between people from other countries and ethnic communities.
To actually provide these fast and accurate translations, various companies have largely invested in machine translation over the last few years. Also, many advancements in the field of Artificial Intelligence have been made. Specifically in the field of deep learning: a subfield within AI concerning algorithms inspired by the structure and function of the brain called ‘Artificial Neural Networks’. Together with these investments, AI has enabled a significant improvement on the quality of machine translations. Google stated a few years ago that “switching to deep learning produced a 60% increase in translation accuracy”. But how does machine translation (specifically, Google Translate) work and what enables it to perform so well?
Previously, Google used a statistical machine translation (SMT) method, which required the input text to be converted to English before it could be translated to the desired language. This takes extra time and since SMT used predictive algorithms to translate the text, there was also more room for poor grammatical translations.
Nowadays the Google Neural Machine Translation system (GNMT) uses a Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) for their machine translations. The GNMT works so efficiently, because it shares its parameters between language pairs to train itself. When someone translates a sentence from Japanese to English and from Spanish to English, the model learns these translations and is able to adapt this knowledge when someone wants to translate a contextually similar sentence from Japanese to Spanish (which can be a language pair that the model has never seen before in the context of the provided sentence!). This is called “zero-shot” translation.
Also, GNMT translates whole sentences at once, rather than word by word or even character by character. It makes use of a broader context to figure out the most relevant translation, which is then rearranged and tweaked to resemble more human-like spoken language with properly used grammar.
Why do these so-called LSTM’s work so well? In a traditional (‘fully-connected’) neural network model, information flows one-way only: from input to output and is only able to process single data points at a time. It ‘forgets’ the information of the data that it has already processed, whereas our biological brain is able to maintain such information in our long or short-term memory.
A LSTM is a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). As opposed to traditional neural networks, RNN’s take sequences of data as an input and also return sequences of data as the output. For machine translation this data sequence is a piece of text, but this can also be an audio fragment or sequence of stock prices. The important matter is that the data is sequential. A RNN is ‘recurrent’, because each layer in the model has a loop that uses information found earlier in the model. This loop enables relevant outputs from previous timesteps to be used and applied to the model learning at the current time step. What differs the LSTM from a RNN is that a LSTM is able to filter ‘relevant’ and ‘irrelevant’ information in each of these loops. This recurrence serves as the ‘memory’ of the model.
Let’s globally go through what happens inside the model when you translate a sentence, and how this sentence is represented in machine language.
1. Model inputs. Say that you want to translate a sentence from English to Dutch. The sentence is fed as a sequence of words into the model.
2. Encoding. There are multiple ways to represent a sentence in machine language. One of these methods is called one-hot encoding. For one-hot encoding we need a vocabulary of words (for the English language this is about 170.000 words!) where each word is mapped to a unique ID.
3. Recurrent layers. The sentence is processed word by word. The context of the previous word in the sequence is applied to the word currently processed. This is done through the ‘loop’ mentioned earlier.
4. Decoder. The processed sentence is decoded to a correct translated sequence.
5. Output. The translated sequence is a sequence of one-hot encoded vectors, and this is mapped to a Dutch sentence using the Dutch vocabulary dataset.
While the LSTM is a great improvement compared to earlier techniques which could not make use of this ‘memory’ feature, it still falls short in terms of ‘attention’. The LSTM still has a relatively short memory. If you use longer sentences to translate for example (longer sequences), the model still loses attention to previously occurred words that could be relevant in the context. Luckily there are already promising solutions to this problem which we’ll definitely cover in a follow-up article. Look forward to it! | <urn:uuid:07cc4dd3-3a2c-4d86-a77a-cbc9e73292a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aiheroes.io/language-translation-using-neural-networks-with-memory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.941753 | 1,095 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Talking to Children about Adoption
A child’s feelings about adoption are complex. They effect every part of his self: personal identity, self-confidence, and their understanding of who they are, and where they came form. Understanding these thoughts, feelings, and responses can be challenging for both adoptees and adoptive parents.
Being adopted can create many feelings of being different. Children need to understand that while adoption is wonderful, that it also involves loss and grief and that their birth parent’s decision to adopt was not about them. They need to hear their parents discuss their feelings about adoption. Children need age appropriate information about their adoption and it needs to be addressed by the adoptive family in a positive way. | <urn:uuid:6ba5a21a-9b2d-40d9-b91d-0b271ddb243a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beaconhouseadoption.com/2015/05/talking-to-children-about-adoption/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.979325 | 146 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Lavinia Wheeler (Georgia, 1864)
The bodies of the slain lie in windrows along the grassy-banked roadway leading from the heart of town toward the gracefully sprawling white house. The battle has moved south and east, but the sounds of pain and death echo in the air. A Union surgeon pauses to take a needed break from the squalor and stench…
He stepped from dim cacophony into bright chaos, the pepper-sharp sting of drifting gunpowder catching at the back of his throat. He coughed, drew a deep breath, held it, and expelled it, feeling the sun-warmed air fill his lungs. It seemed, somehow, to lessen the noise behind him, screams, bitten-off curses and prayers. The dull rasp of a bone saw brought more shrieks, spiraling up higher than his ears could hear.
He grimaced and stepped farther into the sunlight.
The fighting had been hot and furious along this roadway, the artillery hurling shells into masses of gray-clad bodies that had turned to make a stand and then fallen back under the assault. Now the dead lay in rows as they had fallen, beneath the shattered branches of an alley of willows that led up to a house that seemed to stand empty and somehow silent in the hectic sunlight.
He drew another breath and looked down at his reddened hands. He would have to wash them before he returned. It didn’t matter what the others said, clean hands led to better results, and he needed everything he could find to tip the scales in favor of the lives he was trying to save. He would need to find water, to have a bucket brigade set up to bring it to the hospital tent…
He turned to peer back over his shoulder at the hospital tent, caught a glimpse of the dim interior, more horrible than anything Dante could have conceived. He wouldn’t return just yet. He needed the breather to give him some strength before he resumed command of the field hospital.
He raised his head and gazed down the alley of willows, his tired eyes fixing on the gracious lines of the house set between them. A house would most likely have a water source. A house this size would have a considerable water source; he only needed to send some men to find it.
Movement in the distance, somehow foreign to the carnage before him, made him pause to push his spectacles up on his nose and look more closely. Movement again, a flicker of color that resolved itself into a woman.
He stared, saying the word to himself. A woman, here in the middle of hell.
He could see her clearly now, the silhouette of a wide crinoline skirt, a small waist; a small woman, in fact, with a shawl draped over her shoulders. She was pale, disheveled, and clutching a bucket.
He watched her stoop to give water to a wounded man, touch him lightly on the forehead with a movement that spoke clearly of grace and compassion. She rose again to give more water, looking around her with a sort of dazed pity.
A lady, he thought.
He could see the men on the ground motioning to her, calling to her, and she turned to offer more water before straightening again. She motioned to one of the orderlies, who had paused before her. He could see her lips move. The orderly, inclining toward her in an attitude of respect, turned, looked toward the tent, and caught sight of him.
The orderly’s expression eased. He turned back to the lady and spoke to her.
As the surgeon watched, she set the bucket down, gathered her skirts and, after one last glance over her shoulder at the big house, turned back toward him, squared her shoulders, fixed her eyes on his, and moved resolutely toward him.
He faced her, inclined his head to her, and waited as she approached him...
Lavinia is descended from merchants who sailed to the coastal city of Savannah and settled there amassing a fortune in trade. As the only surviving child of her father, she manages the family’s trading ventures, administers their holdings, and holds a position of respect in Savannah society. She has watched the progress of the war, calculated the likelihood of Southern success, and sold the family’s Confederate bonds at thirty percent below their face value, buying gold with the proceeds. It has been a good investment. But even gold fades before the realities of war.
Lavinia gathered her skirts and set a foot on the stairs. “I’ve told Bathsheba to warm the sheets for you,” Callie said behind her. “Heaven alone knows what we’d have done if she’d run off like the rest!”
Lavinia smiled wearily at her. “We’d have managed,” she said.
“Just barely,” Callie said. “The good Lord said we wouldn’t be overcome, but He didn’t say we wouldn’t be beaten half to death before we triumphed. Well.” Her expression softened. “Good night, Lamb,” she said.
Lavinia smiled back at her. “Sleep tight, Callie,” she said, and went up the stairs to her bedroom. She had moved into the large bedroom that her parents had once shared, leaving her narrow, whitewashed bed without a moment’s regret. A large armoire stood against the far wall. She went to it and opened it and looked within as though it held in its shadows the key to her strength.
The shelves that had once held lavender-scented linens and petticoats were now crowded with pottery of all shapes and heights, all the colors of the earth. A forest of faces gazed back at her, and ranked before and behind them were ramekins, plates, cups, tankards, all formed of the earth, and all very, very old.
She took the largest one and touched the rough glaze. One of the settlers had dipped this in the James River and drunk from it. He and his family had probably sat of an evening and gazed into the fire, and maybe set this jug on the hearth to warm the wine that was in it. It must have been a hard life, as she had said to General Stanley. Hard, exhausting, frightening at times. But surely, surely nothing like this time of trial that had overtaken her world and split it apart!
She sighed and held the jug closer. Everything had changed so terribly that she felt lost. All the set phrases, all the carefully choreographed motions of life had broken down and fled before the maelstrom. Now it was important to bring some ceremony, some sanity back to everyday living. One clung to what was decent, one did what was right. But it was proving to be a strain.
A lone horseman was approaching her across the lawn. The rider sat still and square in the saddle with only a slight motion of his hips cushioning the movement of his mount. The sun, hovering behind his left shoulder, turned him to a black silhouette against the bright sky. He paused, then touched the horse lightly with his heels. His mount tucked its chin in and ambled toward her.
I am also giving away two signed paperback copies of The Safeguard. Leave a note on the comments section along with your email address (which I will delete) and I will have a third party who does not write and is good at reaching into bowls to retrieve pieces of paper select the winners.
If you would like to read more about The Safeguard and my other books, visit my website at THIS LINK which will take you to The Safeguard.
Elizabeth Revill follows the life of Carolyn Llewellyn in her splendid Family saga that follows Carrie from her tragic childhood through to her time as a District nurse during World War II:
(Click below for the International links to the books)
For more enjoyable reading, click here: http://www.elizabethrevill.com/blog
Who has not enjoyed the stories of Elizabeth Bennett, daughter of a humorous gentleman and a scatterbrained lady, sister of four, witty opponent and resourceful, though proper protagonist? Regina Jeffers takes us into the universe of Pride and Prejudice, opening sidelights, telling the tales of other characters who played a fleeting part, but have left the reader liking them and wondering where their paths will take them,
Elizabeth Bennett has said that Mr. Darcy is the last man she would want to marry. …But is he? Can Elizabeth Bennet come to terms with the fact the one man she most despises is the one man who owns her heart? Find out and win a giveaway book!
Our Hostess speaks of Ladies who bore the same name – Edith – and shaped history:
Helen Hollick lives on a thirteen-acre farm in Devon, England. Born in London, Helen wrote pony stories as a teenager, moved to science-fiction and fantasy, and then discovered historical fiction. Published for over twenty years with her Arthurian Trilogy, and the 1066 era, she became a ‘USA Today’ bestseller with Forever Queen. She also writes the Sea Witch Voyages, pirate-based fantasy adventures.
…and if you were not able to read last week’s posts, here are the links: | <urn:uuid:f429a605-faee-474a-9d71-afcd10f2539a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dianawilderjottings.com/tag/the-safeguard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.979085 | 2,068 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Happy Anniversary A.A.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an international mutual aid fellowship with the stated purpose of enabling its members to "stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety." AA is nonprofessional, self-supporting, and apolitical. Its only membership requirement is a desire to stop drinking.
AA was founded in 1935 in Akron, Ohio when one alcoholic, Bill Wilson, talked to another alcoholic, Bob Smith, about the nature of alcoholism and a possible solution. With the help of other early members, the book Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered From Alcoholism was written in 1939. Its title became the name of the organization and is now usually referred to as "The Big Book". AA's initial Twelve Traditions were introduced in 1946 to help the fellowship be stable and unified while disengaged from "outside issues" and influences.
The Traditions recommend that members remain anonymous in public media, altruistically help other alcoholics, and that AA groups avoid official affiliations with other organizations. They also advise against dogma and coercive hierarchies. They seek guidance and strength through prayer and meditation from God or a Higher Power of their own understanding; take a moral inventory with care to include resentments; list and become ready to remove character defects; list and make amends to those harmed; continue to take a moral inventory, pray, meditate, and try to help other alcoholics recover. The second half of the book, "Personal Stories" (subject to additions, removal and retitling in subsequent editions), is made of AA members' redemptive autobiographical sketches. Subsequent fellowships such as Narcotics Anonymous have adapted the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions to their respective primary purposes.
AA membership has since spread internationally across diverse cultures holding different beliefs and values, including geopolitical areas resistant to grassroots movements. Close to two million people worldwide are estimated to be members of AA as of 2016.
AA sprang from The Oxford Group, a non-denominational movement modeled after first-century Christianity. Some members founded the Group to help in maintaining sobriety. "Grouper" Ebby Thacher was Wilson's former drinking buddy who approached Wilson saying that he had "got religion", was sober, and that Wilson could do the same if he set aside objections to religion and instead formed a personal idea of God, "another power" or "higher power".
Feeling a "kinship of common suffering" and, though drunk, Wilson attended his first Group gathering. Within days, Wilson admitted himself to the Charles B. Towns Hospital after drinking four beers on the way—the last alcohol he ever drank. Under the care of William Duncan Silkworth (an early benefactor of AA), Wilson's detox included the deliriant belladonna. At the hospital, a despairing Wilson experienced a bright flash of light, which he felt to be God revealing himself. Following his hospital discharge, Wilson joined the Oxford Group and recruited other alcoholics to the Group. Wilson's early efforts to help others become sober were ineffective, prompting Silkworth to suggest that Wilson place less stress on religion and more on "the science" of treating alcoholism. Wilson's first success came during a business trip to Akron, Ohio, where he was introduced to Robert Smith, a surgeon and Oxford Group member who was unable to stay sober. After thirty days of working with Wilson, Smith drank his last drink on June 10, 1935, the date marked by AA for its anniversaries.
AA's Big Book calls alcoholism "an illness which only a spiritual experience will conquer." Ernest Kurtz says this is "The closest the book Alcoholics Anonymous comes to a definition of alcoholism." Somewhat divergently in his introduction to The Big Book, non-member and early benefactor William Silkworth said those unable to moderate their drinking suffer from an allergy. In presenting the doctor's postulate AA said "The doctor's theory that we have an allergy to alcohol interests us. As laymen, our opinion as to its soundness may, of course, mean little. But as ex-problem drinkers, we can say that his explanation makes good sense. It explains many things for which we cannot otherwise account." AA later acknowledged that "alcoholism is not a true allergy, the experts now inform us." Wilson explained in 1960 why AA had refrained from using the term "disease":
“We AAs have never called alcoholism a disease because, technically speaking, it is not a disease entity. For example, there is no such thing as heart disease. Instead there are many separate heart ailments or combinations of them. It is something like that with alcoholism. Therefore, we did not wish to get in wrong with the medical profession by pronouncing alcoholism a disease entity. Hence, we have always called it an illness or a malady—a far safer term for us to use.”
Since then medical and scientific communities have generally concluded that alcoholism is an "addictive disease" (aka Alcohol Use Disorder, Severe, Moderate, or Mild). The ten criteria are: alcoholism is a Primary Illness not caused by other illnesses nor by personality or character defects; second, an addiction gene is part of its etiology; third, alcoholism has predictable symptoms; fourth, it is progressive, becoming more severe even after long periods of abstinence; fifth, it is chronic and incurable; sixth, alcoholic drinking or other drug use persists in spite of negative consequences and efforts to quit; seventh, brain chemistry and neural functions change so alcohol is perceived as necessary for survival; eighth, it produces physical dependence and life-threatening withdrawal; ninth, it is a terminal illness; tenth, alcoholism can be treated and can be kept in remission.
Need help with a drinking problem? Visit https://www.aa.org/, or www.poconointergroupaa.org, or call (570)424-8532. | <urn:uuid:2b711d3a-370b-4ee0-8a49-28453c972c16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.westendhappenings.com/post/happy-anniversary-a-a | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963769 | 1,211 | 2.765625 | 3 |
On January 16, SAP issued a revamped version of the whitepaper Secure Configuration of SAP Netweaver Application Server using ABAP, which is rapidly becoming the de-facto standard for securing the technical components of SAP. According to SAP, the guidance provided in the whitepaper is intended to help customers protect ABAP systems against unauthorized access within the corporate network. In fact, many of the recommendations can also be used to protect SAP systems against remote attacks originating outside such a network. These attacks are targeted at the technical components of SAP Netweaver that are responsible for managing user authentication, authorization, encryption, passwords and system interfaces, as well as underlying databases and operating systems. Breaches in these components can enable attackers to take complete control of an SAP environment.
The following is a quick guide to help you comply with SAP’s recommendations.
1. Disable unnecessary network ports and services. In most cases, this means blocking all connections between end user networks and ABAP systems other than those required by the Dispatcher (port 32NN), Gateway (33NN), Message Server (36NN) and HTTPS (443NN). NN is a placeholder for your SAP instance number. Administrative access should only be allowed through secure protocols such as SSH and restricted to dedicated subnets or workstations through properly configured firewall rules.
2. Install the latest version of SAP GUI. This should be 7.10 or 7.20 with activated security rules configured with the ‘Customized’ setting and the ‘Ask’ default action.
3. Implement strong password policies, restrict access to password hashes in tables and activate the latest hashing algorithms. SAP does not specify the exact settings for password policy parameters but you should use frameworks such as the PCI DSS as a proxy. Refer to section 8.5 of the standard. Default passwords should be changed for standard users and the password hashing mechanism should be upgraded to the latest version available for your system. Wherever possible, downward-compatible hashes should be removed from the database.
4. Enable SNC and SSL. SAP client and server communication traffic is not cryptographically authenticated or encrypted. Therefore, data transmitted within SAP networks can be intercepted and modified through Man-In-The-Middle attacks. Secure Network Communication (SNC) should be used for mutual authentication and strong encryption. This can be performed natively if both servers and clients run on Windows. You will need to use a third party product to secure connections between heterogeneous environments such as AIX to Windows.
SNC will secure network communication using the SAP DIAG and RFC protocols. For Web-based communication, you should switch to HTTPS/ SSL and restrict access to the relevant cryptographic keys.
5. Restrict ICF services. Many of the services enabled by default in the Internet Communication Framework (ICF) are open to abuse and could enable unauthorized and malicious access to SAP systems and resources. At a very minimum, you should deactivate the dozen or so services mentioned by SAP in the white paper. This can be performed through transaction SICF.
6. Secure Remote Function Calls (RFC). Wherever possible, remove trust relationships between systems with differing security classifications and hardcoded user credentials in RFC destinations. The belief that RFC connections using SAP_ALL privileges is fine as long as the user type is not set to dialog is a myth. This represents a serious risk to the integrity of information in SAP systems.
7. Secure the SAP Gateway. The Gateway is used to manage RFC communications which support SAP interfaces such as BAPI, ALE and IDoc. Access Control Lists (ACL) should be created to prevent the registration of rogue or malicious RFC servers which can lead to the interruption of SAP services and compromise data during transit. You should also enable Gateway logging and disable remote access.
8. Secure the SAP Message Server. The Message Server is primarily a load balancer for SAP network communications. Similar to the Gateway, it has no default ACL which means it is open to the same type of attacks. You should filter access to the Message Server port using a firewall and create an ACL for all required interfaces.
9. Regularly patch SAP systems. Implement missing SAP Security Notes and patch systems at least once a month. Security Notes can be downloaded from the SAP Service Market Place.
10. Regularly monitor the SAP security configuration. Standard SAP services such as EarlyWatch (EWA) and the Computing Center Management System (CCMS) can be used to monitor some security-relevant configurations. However, they do not provide the same coverage as professional-grade security tools such as those used by Layer Seven Security. You can learn more about SAP security monitoring through vulnerability assessment here. To discover why vulnerability assessments should be an integral component of your SAP security framework, click here. | <urn:uuid:a1626a0f-8dfb-4192-b107-86a84096a902> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://layersevensecurity.com/category/sap-publications/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.915681 | 974 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The medical local community is learning more about the many benefits of cannabis. As increasing numbers of everyone is told you have incapacitating disorders and recurring problems, physicians are frequently confronted with an intriguing, debatable concern: Should weed be legal? Currently, it really is illegitimate to fumes or used in any develop. But what other important things about cannabis may possibly can be found? And what must we do about the subject?
Much like a lot of prescription medications, technological research has revealed that some stresses of weed hold therapeutic gains which can be helpful to a number of people. Much like man made medications, nonetheless, weed will only aid some health conditions and not just many others. By way of example, it happens to be thought that marijuana s has an effect on originated from several of the chemical compounds within its busy substances, which include cannabidiol (CBD).
CBD or Cannabidiol is regarded as a highly effective anti inflamation related, anti-psychotic and anti-cancer ingredient. This has been researched in pets or animals as well as being believed to decrease tumor growth and chemo unwanted effects. Some research has shown a heightened likelihood of tumors in folks who cigarette smoke weed compared to people that tend not to smoking. But there is however no evidence that ordinary weed use raises the possibility of getting tumors. Other medical ailments that have been shown to incorporate some positive effects on mobile civilizations or pets include Glaucoma, a number of sclerosis, epilepsy, Aids, liver disease and seizures and Parkinson’s illness.
Furthermore, you will find prospective advantages for both beneficial and leisurely use. Many scientific studies are going to test out the capacity of cannabis and other normal elements to take care of and possibly reduce a number of health issues. At this stage, the investigation is usually anecdotal and more study is required to be performed.
One of the most intriguing and common controlled investigations may be the url amongst weed using tobacco and interpersonal anxiety. Individuals who smoking cannabis generally document thoughts of dread and paranoia when going out in public or simply within their possess properties. This is certainly in particular genuine involving adolescents. Although weed use and also the associated indicators have already been viewed as one factor in the increase in reported scenarios of freak out condition, sociable anxiety and publish stressful strain disorder in US troopers, many reasons exist why cannabis use could potentially cause or increase the possibility of obtaining these situations. Here, I will description two probable systems whereby cannabis may well have an affect on anxiousness.
The initial prospective system where marijuana can potentially lead to anxiousness or mood difficulties is with the steps of the major compound of marijuana, THC. THC is the principal chemical like in marijuana that provides psychoactive compound. When THC is there within the body, it causes a number of different reactions from the head which could lead to a heightened potential for panic disorders and sleep loss in some individuals. One result is an increased pulse rate, which can cause many different symptoms such as stress. But experts found that THC, when combined with the subconscious actions from the marijuana grow, just like the identified relaxation of your end user, can enhance the potential risk of dealing with a panic attack or resting ailments later on in our lives.
Another probable system by which weed could help reduce or stop tumors is via its capability to act as an contra –inflamation. Studies have revealed that THC, when consumed in larger amounts, has contra–microbial and contra –tumor exercise. In one study, circulated inside the Journal of Neurochemistry, it was subsequently found out that CBD, which can be half as powerful as THC, also acquired identical contra- inflamation related attributes. It happens to be not known no matter whether CBD is useful against cancer, but offered the lack of aiding proof and the truth that CBD mimics the decisions of other materials within your body, it is likely that it could assistance slower or prevent the growth and development of cancers. Studies on dogs, however, keep inconclusive, where there are presently no research on human beings that analyze the efficacy of CBD against cancer. Given this absence of data, it can be not clear if the CBD could help reduce, address, or remedy cancers.
Other ailments that have been linked with THC are respiratory problems, diabetes, and chronic soreness. Since continual ache is normal among the individuals that experience selected conditions, it is going to appear to be reasonable that minimizing or eliminating the existence of THC can help you lessen the indications of these illnesses. You will find, nonetheless, no latest data that would propose that CBD can be as efficient at reducing continual ache as THC, turning it into unlikely that CBD will be powerful for individuals that suffer from unbearable conditions.
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CEO vs COO Roles and Driving Your Business Success
What are the deficiencies in the end-to-end operations of your business? Do you need to streamline your small business operations and require help in pursuing a strategic agenda to build or realize higher value?
Or perhaps your operations are built-up nicely, but you still feel the need for a key resource that can think strategically and also get the job done.
A Chief Operating Officer or COO is meant to do all that and a lot more; their duties include project management, goal setting, measuring results, streamlining operational procedures, strategic planning, budgeting and financial management, business development, team building and doing all that is needed to drive the company to better sales, profitability and cash flow.
In short, while the CEO is essentially in command, the COO brings the company’s vision to life. That’s why, ultimately, the CEO and COO are held responsible for the achievements and losses of a business.
While they are both considered vital for growth, most small businesses don’t really think about adding this layer to their management – but they should.
By now, you are probably thinking, ‘Why do we need a COO?’ or ‘Can I afford to hire a COO for my small business?’
In this article, we’ll answer all these questions and more, and explain why a COO is considered a business expert who can pave the path towards growth, value building, sales and exit goals.
Setting Up to Succeed with Operational Excellence
These are some of the most important reasons why your small business should have a COO:
They can put in place processes and systems that will promote growth and success
Ensure that the entire organization and all team members are on the same page
They are in charge of creating Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that set the tone and expectations for the business
They make it easier and smoother to scale a company up or down, according to the circumstances
They swiftly make sound decisions daily that align the organization to its mission
Now, you may not want to think about it, but later down the road if you decide to sell your company in an M&A sale event, then a COO can help increase its value during a sale, merger or private equity buyout.
The trouble is that for startups and also ‘lifestyle businesses’ with $10 million or so in annual revenue and a few handfuls of employees, it can be challenging to justify the costs of hiring a full-time COO – both financially and practically.
Hiring Small Business Leadership – Are You Really Ready?
Even if your company has grown to over $5M in annual revenues, it could still be considered as a startup or a small business. And this is one of the reasons why you should have more ‘doers’ than ‘thinkers’ on the staff.
It can be overwhelming for a smaller business to create and fill the leadership positions; in fact, research tells us that ‘of all the people who get hired, 46% will fail in 18 months.’
In other words, hiring leaders, i.e. Presidents, COOs, CFOs, CTOs, and other C-level executives can be a huge challenge – especially since the cost of a bad hire can be 30% of the person’s annual salary or more.
Also, hiring an experienced, quality, full-time C-level exec might cost you more than you pay yourself. Before you make any decision, ask yourself this…
Can you afford to make that financial sacrifice? Can you accurately predict additional revenues you'll gain from the decision of hiring? Will the COO be able to add-value that is tangible by identifying and executing cost reduction and right-sizing initiatives in the next year? Will hiring a COO give you time to focus on greater sales & marketing or product development for the company? Or will quality improve thanks to the new hire that will result in better client retention and repeat business?
Until you can realistically answer these questions, it would be unwise to spend time, money and effort in recruiting a full-time COO.
The Case for Business Consultant Services
You might want to hire an interim COO or a CFO consultant, i.e. people who work for your business on a part-time basis.
Such a decision makes good economic sense, especially since experienced business consultants are a cost-effective substitute for what can be very expensive and disruptive hiring blunders in C-level positions. A part-time and reputable professional may also be a better solution as they have other clients and do not solely depend on your for their livelihood, you want and need true objective and unbiased advise and not a paycheck collecting yes man or woman.
To ensure that you hire the right consultant, you’ll need to carry out due diligence. So for example, when looking for a fractional CFO, ensure that this person is not just a bookkeeper or CPA, but someone who can bring strategic insights and operational know-how to the position.
In addition to excellent accounting and finance skills, they should show proven value in operational, business development and other such roles. An accountant or CPA may not be the best person for a fractional CFO consultant role, as accountants are taught and trained and take an oath to follow a finite set of rules and think in pure black and white. In small business, there is always a lot of gray area and finance skills over accounting are usually more valuable. You have your CPA accounting firm to handle an annual audit, review or compilation and your year-end tax returns – your accounting firm remains a vital part of your team.
The right business expert can partner with your company and help overcome financial and operational challenges, attain growth, adjust strategy, implement systems, navigate complex business issues and even raise capital to ensure the business is set up for success.
And your business won’t even have to bleed money to hire them – this is the main reason why so many entrepreneurs are asking the exact same question: ‘How Do I Find the Best Small Business Consultant Near Me.’ Having a consultant on-call can provide your small business with all the benefits of the position, without the long-term salaries, benefits, and other related expenses. A skilled COO / CFO consultant even prevents the need for a full-time project manager on staff, so you end up hiring a PM on a per-need, project-to-project basis only.
In addition to all these benefits, you can make your hierarchy flatter and more focused: thus allowing you to adopt a collaborative approach. You are also free to focus on the things that matter to you and to your business, which truly lifts all boats.
Operations Consultants Make Small Businesses Better
Consultant services can help entrepreneurs focus on their process qualities and efficiencies. Smaller businesses need a COO / CFO business expert that can execute in a hands on fashion and do work themselves without needing to hire assistants and associates to do their work for them.
Working with the right business expert can help you map out current processes, analyze existing methods and get advice on how to improve business operations. The way they work will help you increase margins and decrease costs – the ultimate goals of every emerging small business.
Think of a COO consultant as someone who can figure out what drives the core of your business and execution that conforms to that core. Similarly, a fractional CFO will get down with the nitty-gritty of your business, optimize cash flows, and maximize profitability as they go along.
As a small business owner, you know that your business needs financial and operational expertise to succeed. The right business consultant service can put you in touch with a structured problem solver, someone who can break down your problems into easily solvable chunks, and figure out how to take your business to higher levels. Most smaller businesses could achieve greater heights if they just had a strategic agenda and knew how to execute it. The ability to execute is of course key.
As a bonus, a business consultant can also complement the CEO’s skills, abilities and experiences, thereby creating advanced competencies at the very top of the hierarchy.
As a small business owner and CEO, it can get lonely at the top. A business consultant service in Charlotte can help you figure out your strategic agenda, understand and navigate your weaknesses, fortify your strengths, and give your business the direction it needs to reach its full potential. Building wealth to live a full life is what we are all after, freedom to do what you want and improve quality of life for those that you care most about.
Collaborate with us at Charlotte Capital for all your business consulting needs. We serve businesses like yours across Charlotte and Lake Norman regions in North Carolina as well as the Southeast and beyond. Simply put, we can support your small business, build your team and maximize the talents of your existing unit.
Are you ready to avoid the perils associated with hiring full-time executives for small businesses? Get in touch with us today. | <urn:uuid:838ac885-1321-456d-a02c-0625c2191e2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.charlottecapital.com/post/ceo-vs-coo-roles-and-driving-your-business-success | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954427 | 1,903 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The last post we had discussed Positioning. Let us see some examples:
1) Johnson and Johnson baby shampoo (Differential Positioning): Johnson and Johnson is the company that is famed for child care products. It is the mother of all baby category products (pun intended). Thus it is not surprising that mummy care and mummy love is equated with J & J products. Parents willingly spend a bomb as long as they get the best baby care products for their children. J & J’s baby shampoo has that soft, mild smell and texture that gives the baby the soft creamy hair. Mothers used the same mild baby shampoo on themselves. Seeing the marketing opportunity, J & J launched a “Baby Shampoo” series targeted at adults - Adult mothers who want the same soft baby hair just like their children hair.
2) Marlboro (Classical Repositioning): Marlboro is the ultimate male cigarette and the advertising reinforces the same. The famed cowboy, his Stetson hat and the rugged looks have gone a long way in reinforcing that image of rugged manhood. Marlboro had started out as a ladies cigarette. Check out the very red filter. The very red filter was used so that the lady‘s lipstick is not spoiled. Over a century’s what started out as a lady’s cigarette has been repositioned as the ultimate manly cigarette. Talk about persuasive advertising!
3) Scooter: (Classical Repositioning): Scooter is a product that was invented in Italy. It was a product that was made with the women in mind. The male two wheeler vehicle of choice is the motorcycle. It is heavy manly and sure is rued like the Bullet. Scooter was designed by Vespa keeping women in mind. The lady can get on to it like a ladies bicycle. They need not straddle like a motorcycle (a lady wearing a skirt could drive a Vespa). It was lighter and had a easier kick start. The early Italian Advertising campaigns for Vespa and Lambretta, mainly targeted at women, the advertisement seem to be saying, "I may want to be with you, but I am a busy girl, I have options, I am independent I can do what I want and choose who I want"!
The Vespa called Chetak in its Indian Avatar got positioned as a man’s bike of choice. It was heavy, rugged and had a kick start. The positioning of the lady’s bike of choice had later first occupied by the Kinetic Honda and later by Honda Activa.
Debeers: (Repositioning the customer mindset): Debeers is the king of diamonds. It had a easy time in the western world where the traditional symbol of love has always been a diamond. A diamond is forever. Diamonds are extensively used in engagements and there was no dearth of customers queuing up to buy its diamonds. In India Debeers faced a problem. In India the metal of choice is gold. So much so that the majority of gold mined and sold in the world finds its way to India (either legally or illegally). Debeers is still working out its positioning strategy in India. It is trying to persuade Indians to buy diamonds along with Gold. It is trying to change the Indian perception that stones are not that glamorous. It is pitching hard to drive home the fact that diamond are forever and so is the bond that is about to be sealed (the engagement ring being the symbol of everlasting love). | <urn:uuid:06cb15b7-b7cf-46f5-ae69-9b59f864257c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dranil-marketingmusings.blogspot.com/2014/07/examples-of-positioning-and.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.975416 | 720 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Buying A Mountain Bike
It can be a bit frustrating as well as time-consuming when you buy a mountain bike. Below, you'll find some tips and things to be aware of before you lay down the cash and buy a mountain bike.
Determining your price
There is really no limit as to how much money you can spend on a new mountain bike. To help you keep your spending under control, you should figure out your price range and how much you are willing to pay for a new bike. When you buy, you shouldn't buy from mass merchant stores such as Costco. You should instead support your local bike shop and get a much better bike and much better service.
Finding your style
All-mountain bikes are designed with several different riding styles and terrain types in mind. You'll need to figure out what type of riding you will be doing the most. You need to figure out how smooth riding, cross country racing, mountain cruising, or lift-accessed downhill. Ensure that the bike you select fits your personal style and not that of the sales staff.
Full suspension or hardtail
If you can afford it, a full-suspension mountain bike is always worth the purchase. A hardtail, without rear suspension, is much lighter weight and pedals more efficiently, although full suspensions offer more comfort and overall better control. You'll want to make that decision based on your price range, riding style, and the type of terrain you'll be riding on the most.
Finding your favorites
Comparing mountain bikes component to components is nearly impossible, as there are far too many combinations available. The best way to do this is to find a few components that are the most important to you and make sure the rest of the minimum fall within your price range. You can start with the fork, then look at the wheels and rear derailleur.
Sales and seasons
During the year, the prices of mountain bikes can fluctuate quite a bit. Spring through summer is the main buying season. If you can wait until the right price pops up, you can save a couple of hundred dollars normally in the fall and winter. Many bike shops will also offer discounts or other accessories if you buy from them.
Finding a good dealer
Finding a good bike dealer is more important than finding the best price. You should always find a dealer that cares more about selling you a great bike than selling you a high-priced one. A great dealer will have a clean repair shop and give you the impression that you can really trust them.
You should test ride as many bikes as you can within your price range and riding style. You'll find that some bikes will feel right, while others won't. The more bikes you can test drive, the better you understand what works and what doesn't.
Doing the research
Product reviews and bike reviews are some of the best ways to find out about a mountain bike's reliability and overall performance. You should always look at what other owners and reviews think about a bike before making that final purchase.
Different Types of Mountain Bikes
With mountain biking being a trendy sport, there are many bikes to choose from. Depending on what type of riding you like, the style of bikes you can choose from will vary. Below, you'll find tips on the different types of bikes available.
1. Cross country
Almost all mountain bikes will fit into this category. Cross country mountain bikes are lightweight, making them easy to ride over most terrains, even up and downhills. This is the most common mountain bike and can be used with ease for riding on the path or even commuting.
These types of bikes are for serious bikers who crave the ultimate adventure. Downhill bikes have front and rear suspension, strong parts, and disc brakes. Rarely available off the shelf, most riders like to custom build their own.
Trail mountain biking involves a great degree of skill and is classified as the precision riding of the sport. Like downhill bikes, trial riders will often build their own bikes rather than purchase one off a shelf. Generally very light and very strong, these bikes require a lot of discipline.
4. Jump and slalom
Slalom and jump bikes are powerful and designed for jumping, street racing, and slalom. They offer a front suspension and use robust components dedicated to what they do. These bikes are very popular with the sport of mountain biking.
Even if you are new to mountain biking, the sport can be a lot of fun. There are several bikes to choose from, all of which depend on your style. If you are still looking for the best style for you, all you have to do is try out several bikes and see which one suits you the best.
Beginner Mountain Bike Skills
Mountain biking is an exciting sport that can be enjoyed by anyone who knows how to ride a bike. Compared to the average bike ride, it does present some danger. Therefore, you should master these basic skills before you hit the trails or the dirt.
You can practice these beginning skills at a local park, school, bike path, or simply around your house. If you can, try to find a location with a steep hill.
Get a feel for your pedals.
Practice moving your foot away from the pedal first while sitting on your bike with one foot on the ground. Next, move on to releasing and replacing your foot while pedaling around for a bit. Those with the toe clip and clipless type foot pedals will want to spend a bit more time practicing.
Sit and spin for the position.
Simply sit on your bike and pedal around. You should keep your arms slightly bent. You should also adjust your seat height, so your leg is 70 to 90 percent extended at the bottom of every stroke on the pedal. Keep your body relaxed, as there will never be a position where you should have either your knees or your elbows locked.
Get a feel for shifting gears with your bike. The higher gears are harder to pedal and will go faster, while the lower gears are easier to pedal and help you ascend hills. As you get to steeper hills, it's best to shift before you get to the hill rather than while you’re on it.
You should spend a bit of time coasting while standing on your pedals without sitting on the seat. Keep your arms bent, but don't lock your knees. Now, try experimenting with shifting your body towards the rear end of the bike.
Pedal while standing
You should get as comfortable as you can with pedaling while standing on your bike. Try lifting yourself off the seat while standing on the pedals, then crank them around. You should try this in higher gears on flat ground then again in lower gears while on a hill.
Dropping down a curb
Try finding a curb where you can easily get to the upper portion of it. Practice at a moderate speed, standing and coasting right off the curb from the upper level to the lower level. Try this at different speeds until it becomes second nature.
Once you practice these techniques and get the hang of them, you'll be able to hit the trails feeling comfortable on your mountain bike. Even though it may take some getting used to, it'll become second nature before you know it.
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Sign up to our newsletter for regular articles like these! | <urn:uuid:93773800-b7b0-4279-8586-84be4b2bc8d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.wer8.stream/get-into-mountain-biking-the-beginners-guide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.958597 | 1,544 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Group fighting for refugee rights takes aims at new proposed facility set up to house Dungavel detainees
A CIVIL RIGHTS group has announced it plans to protest the proposed new facility that will house asylum seekers and refugees after Dungavel projected closure in 2017.
The group We Will Rise reacted to the announced closure by the Home Office yesterday afternoon by saying that it will celebrate but continue to fight for the rights of detainees, whom it says are denied rights and privileges by the legal system based on race and religion.
Formed two years ago, its membership consisting of refugees, asylum seekers and residents from mainly Glasgow paid homage to the 15 year campaign that resulted in the closure.
"We will resolutely oppose the proposed new 51 bed short-term holding facility at Glasgow Airport. We will continue to work in support with our allies in campaigning." Sally Martinez
Spokesperson for the group, Sally Martinez, said: "Tonight we celebrate, tomorrow we escalate the fight to end detention. We must remember this is a move imposed on Scotland by Westminster. The Conservative government under Theresa May is one of the most racist and brutal we have experienced for decades.
"The decision to close Dungavel means that we must remain one step ahead. We will escalate the campaign against the building of a new detention facility in Renfrewshire.
"Now is a perfect time for the Scottish government to act on its own commitment to end detention in this country. We send a strong message to our political representatives that there is no humane way to detain people in the immigration system.
Background read: "Shut down Dungavel" : Hundreds protest to demand detention centre is closed
"The decision to close Dungavel is a move to facilitate the rapid removal of refugees, asylum seekers and other migrants. It will deny people their human right to legal support. It will cut people from support networks – their homes, families and friends.
"The government’s ‘fast track’ system has already proven to be unlawful. This decision is part of a broader scheme to deny people basic legal rights, which are theirs in a democratic society.
"For those in the grips of detention, announcements like this offer little relief. One site of trauma, maltreatment and violence will be replaced by another. The future for those imprisoned in Dungavel for the next 15 months will be marked by even more acute levels of fear and uncertainty. In the coming days and weeks, we will offer support to those detained in order to care for each other and resist the system from within.
"We will resolutely oppose the proposed new 51-bed short-term holding facility at Glasgow Airport. We will continue to work in support with our allies in campaigning against Larne, Yarls Wood, Campsfield, Tinsley, Cedars, Harmondsworth, Colnbrook, Brook, Pennine Verne, Morton Hall and all the other sites the Home Office continue to use to imprison, control and dehumanise us."
"Now is a perfect time for the Scottish government to act on its own commitment to end detention in this country. We send a strong message to our political representatives that there is no humane way to detain people in the immigration system." Sally Martinez
From early 2001 Dungavel immigration removal centre, a UK Government facility for detaining refugees and failed asylum seekers prior to deportation, has been a site of controversy and protest.
The conditions at the detention centre have been deplored by campaigners, with detainees claiming they are regularly treated like prisoners.
Other key concerns of human rights groups include the length of time individuals were held at the centre and the detention of children, until that practice was ended under public pressure in 2010. 2007 saw a flare-up of protests from inside and outside the centre following a suicide.
The centre which holds up to 249 detainees, will be replaced by a 51 room short-term holding centre to be built close to Glasgow Airport, as part of the UK Government's strategy for a "more efficient and cost-effective detention estate".
"The closure of Dungavel is welcome but without a fundamental change within the system many of the problems of destitution, improper questioning and indeed unfair removals will continue unabated." Grahame Smith
Commenting on the closure of Dungavel, Grahame Smith, general secretary of the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC), said: "The Dungavel detention centre has for too long been a symbol of all that is wrong in our immigration system and we welcome the Home Office decision today to close it.
"While we recognise that this is a step in the right direction, we are by no means convinced that the problems within our immigration system are now solved.
"It is clear that detention will still play a role in the system going forward and our asylum system has for too long run on a climate of suspicion rather than one of dignity and respect for those who are fleeing persecution.
"The closure of Dungavel is welcome but without a fundamental change within the system many of the problems of destitution, improper questioning and indeed unfair removals will continue unabated."
Picture courtesy of We Will Rise
Check out what people are saying about how important CommonSpace is. Pledge your support today. | <urn:uuid:930fd8ca-de2c-4a9a-838e-b1cb750f7b7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sourcenews.scot/campaign-group-vows-to-escalate-fight-against-racist-westminster-after-dungavel-closure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956386 | 1,086 | 1.515625 | 2 |
A large percentage of my clients present themselves for hypnotherapy with anxiety symptoms and often fear that they are going ‘crazy’ because they feel so emotionally out of control. Often this is accompanied by a fear of death.
Anxiety and fear are different. For example one can see the fear object and become anxious or have a panic attack related specifically to this particular external scenario. For example, the person with a fear of flying may think of flying and the aeroplane crashing and this may produce a panic attack. However with anxiety, the focus is internal, not external and the client cannot really tell you what the anxiety is about. It is subjective, free-floating, out of control. One can have a feeling of ‘impending doom’ or a sense of a vague, distant or unrecognised danger.
Anxiety effects your whole being. It is an emotional, physiological, mental and behavioural reaction all at once.
An incredible percentage of people died in the 1940 blitz from the sounds of the bombing compared to those who were direct fatalities. This is a neat analogy for how anxiety symptoms actually arise out of a persons thoughts about potential danger and not the actual danger in reality. This is what separates it insidiously from the healthy, fear instinct.
I normally look for the following symptoms in clients.
- Shortness of breath
- Heart palpitations
- Trembling or shaking
- Nausea or abdominal distress
- Dizziness or unsteadiness
- Feelings of detachment or being out of touch with ones self
- Hot flushes or chills
- Fear of dying
- Fear of going ‘crazy’ and out of control
- Disturbing dreams
- Sexual dysfunction
- Endless worrying
If a client is experiencing four or more of the above symptoms all at once it may be classified as a spontaneous panic attack. Otherwise it is known as free-floating anxiety.
If a client becomes anxious in a specific situation, this is called situational anxiety or phobic anxiety. Once a client has experienced an anxiety attack they have a tendency to develop anticipatory anxiety or apprehension in fearful anticipation of the next one. It is negative conditioning.
Examples of anxiety disorders:
- Panic disorders
- Social phobia
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Post traumatic stress disorder
- Acute stress disorder
- Anxiety disorders due to a general medical condition
- Substance-induced anxiety disorder
When there is anxiety in the symptomology, analysis is always recommended. Therefore a combination of cognitive suggestion therapy along with hypnoanalysis is necessary. | <urn:uuid:055a8071-d1b3-42ad-9559-c054f7e0e514> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hypnosisireland.ie/treatments/anxiety | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932649 | 566 | 2.375 | 2 |
This summer's news cycle has been dominated by record-setting heat, droughts, wildfires, and hurricanes impacting families across the country, and punctuated by the sobering IPCC report labeled a "Code Red for humanity." But the majority of Americans aren't talking about climate change. According to a new survey released today by the Potential Energy Coalition, while more than 60% of Americans are concerned (or very concerned) about climate change and the environment, only 14% talk about the issue often.
Enjoying This Commentary? There's More to Love
Subscribe to MediaVillage to receive email alerts featuring the latest content on advertising, media/TV, and marketing strategies and trends, including exclusive The Myers Report research findings. | <urn:uuid:d50fed48-8bf2-4f43-a000-5fc9f3d92648> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mediavillage.com/article/ad-council-teams-up-with-the-potential-energy-coalition-to-put-full-national-weight-behind-science-moms-climate-campaign-to-accelerate-action/?video=-ZHo6HhMnWQ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955271 | 146 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Achiote Oil is an oil that has been coloured with annatto seed (also known as achiote seed.) The annatto seed itself adds no flavour, just colouring.
Flavour may sometimes by added as well, though, with a dried chile pepper or a bay leaf.
Some Vietnamese batters are made with annatto oil to make the batter a richer colour when cooked. The Vietnamese may also rub chicken or duck skin with the oil before cooking.
In Latin American and Mexican cooking, it is used for frying fish or poultry, and adding colour to stews, rice dishes, tamales or casseroles.
To make the oil, simmer ½ cup annatto seed in 1 cup (8 oz / 250ml) of flavourless vegetable oil for about 10 minutes or until the oil has a rich golden colour. Strain out and discard the seeds, and refrigerate the oil.
Store in refrigerator in tightly sealed container for up to 1 year. | <urn:uuid:43c0f8f7-9526-436c-8415-03246e524e1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cooksinfo.com/achiote-oil | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941424 | 215 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Form a Arkansas Corporation
Form an Arkansas corporation, the right way, with LawInc. We are Arkansas incorporation experts and will make sure your Arkansas corporation complies with all requirements set forth by the Arkansas Secretary of State. Click “Order Now” to start your Arkansas incorporation now.
Incorporating in Arkansas
Incorporating in Arkansas can be vital to businesses based in Arkansas. At LawInc, we prepare your Arkansas corporation Certificate of Incorporation, bylaws, stock certificates, stock ledger and more. We can even obtain your Arkansas corporation Tax ID number and file your S corporation election with the IRS.
Arkansas Incorporation Information
The following Arkansas incorporation information will likely be helpful when deciding to incorporate in Arkansas.
Arkansas Corporation Name
The first step in forming an Arkansas corporation is selecting the business name. Arkansas corporation names:
- Must end with “Corporation,” “Corp.,” “Incorporated,” “Inc.,” “Limited”, “Ltd,” “Company” or “Co.”
- Cannot contain a words or phrase that indicates or implies that the corporation is organized for a purpose other than the purpose contained in its articles of incorporation and other than that permitted by Arkansas law.
- Must be unique from any other registered Arkansas LLC, corporation, limited partnership, or other Arkansas name reserved or registered on record.
An available Arkansas corporation name may be reserved for a 120-day period.
LawInc.com permits you to choose up to three names and will conduct a name search for your Arkansas corporation, prior to filing.
Arkansas Corporation Formation
Arkansas Corporation Filing Procedure: Submit duplicate executed copies of the Arkansas Articles of Incorporation along with a Certificate of Disclosure and an executed copy of the Consent of Statutory Agent.
Arkansas Corporation Publication: Publication is not required in Arkansas.
Arkansas Corporation Fees: Arkansas corporation filing fee is $50.
Arkansas Corporation Purpose Clause: The purpose clause of an Arkansas corporation may include a statement that the corporation is organized under the Arkansas Business Corporation Act for any lawful purpose and must state the primary purpose or purposes for which the corporation is organized, which is provided for informational purposes.
Arkansas Corporation Authorized Shares and Minimum Paid in Capital: There is no minimum or maximum number of authorized shares since state incorporation fees are not based on the share structure. There is no minimum amount of paid in capital required to commence business in Arkansas.
Arkansas Corporation Directors: The Arkansas corporation board of directors shall consist of one or more individuals, with the number specified in or fixed in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation or bylaws.
Arkansas Corporation Limitations of Directors’ Personal Liability: The articles of incorporation may eliminate or limit the liability of a director to the corporation or its shareholders for money damages for any action taken or any failure to take any action as a director, except (1) liability for the amount of a financial benefit received by a director to which the director is not entitled, (2) an intentional infliction of harm on the corporation or the shareholders, (3) unlawful distributions, and (4) an intentional violation of criminal law.
Arkansas Corporation Incorporator: Minimum number of Arkansas incorporators is 1 (“a natural person or entity”) and there is no requirement that the organizer be an Arkansas resident.
Arkansas Corporation Registered Agent: An Arkansas corporation must maintain a registered agent and office to receive service of process in Arkansas. The Arkansas registered agent should be available, at an Arkansas physical address, during normal business hours to accept important legal and tax documents on behalf of the Arkansas corporation.
Arkansas Professional Corporation: According to Arkansas law, professional corporations are formed to render services within a particularly licensed profession. Arkansas professional corporations are not permitted to engage in other businesses and comply with particular naming restrictions.
Arkansas Corporation Cumulative Voting: Cumulative automatically denied unless specifically granted.
Arkansas Corporation Post-Filing Requirements
Arkansas Corporation Annual Report: The Arkansas Secretary of State requires that Arkansas corporations file an annual franchise report every May 1st. The annual report costs $150.00 plus a $5.00 online transaction fee if filed online. Substantial penalties may apply after May 1. For more information, visit: https://www.ark.org/sos/franchise/index.php
Arkansas Corporate Minutes: Arkansas corporations are required to hold and document annual shareholder and director meetings.
Arkansas Corporation Taxes
Arkansas Corporate Net Income Tax Brackets:
For more Arkansas tax rate information, visit: http://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/Pages/default.aspx
Federal Tax Identification Number/Employer Identification Number (EIN): The Federal Tax Identification Number, also known as the Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a number that is assigned to a business by the Internal Revenue Service. An EIN is like a Social Security Number for a business. It is a requisite for certain business functions such as opening bank accounts or hiring employees. All corporations should obtain an EIN.
Arkansas Corporation Dissolution
Arkansas Dissolution Requirements: In order to dissolve an Arkansas corporation, Articles of Dissolution must be filed with the with the Arkansas Secretary of State. The fee for filing a Arkansas Articles of Dissolution is $50. The Articles of Dissolution must include the following: the Arkansas corporation name, the dissolution authorization date, the total number of shareholder votes cast, and either the number of votes in favor or against dissolution or the total number of undisputed votes in favor. The Articles must be signed by a corporate officer, who must also attest that the number of votes cast in favor of dissolution is a sufficient to authorize the dissolution.
Dissolution will not be accepted without filing a Final Franchise Tax Report. The dissolution will not be approved until all prior and current taxes are paid.
Federal/IRS Dissolution Requirements: Corporations are required to file IRS Form 966, Corporate Dissolution or Liquidation. A final tax return should be filed with the IRS. Form 966 should be filed along with the final tax return. | <urn:uuid:41bacb08-f510-4573-a0cd-10c1ca1b5ac8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawinc.com/learning-center/arkansas-incorporation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.888053 | 1,352 | 1.734375 | 2 |
What are the Major Elements of Your Residential Solar Power System?
Solar power panels Monterey homeowners install come to the rescue when there's been a blackout. The panels are powered by the sun, so you don't pay a cent for using these, resulting in money savings. Likewise, solar energy is environmentally-friendly, and harnessing it poses no known threat of green house gases (GHS). Solar power can offer a lot more benefits to you, specifically if you can set it up to include all the vital system parts as explained below:
1. Photovoltaic Solar Cells
To turn sunlight into electricity that can power up a home, solar modules or panels rely on their photovoltaic cells. These panels constitute the most primary unit of the entire solar power configuration, and you should acquire several of them in line with your power needs and the period of time system availability is required. So, start by determining the power consumption of each appliance that will use solar power in Watts, and use the total for all such appliances to determine the number of panels you need for your entire home. First thing is: know the wattage (in watts) for each device that's intended for solar power, sum up the energy consumption for the said devices, and use the information to buy the right number of panels.
2. Battery Power Storage
You'll need a home battery backup system for your solar power. You might need several batteries, the number of which also depends on your energy consumption needs. Likewise, figure out how long a typical outage may last in your area to know the number of batteries needed for power preservation.
3. The Power Inverter
An inverter, which changes DC to AC current is important to have, with the exception of when battery-powered DC light bulbs are the sole users of solar power. Some energy will be lost when current goes through the conversion process, but the system is usually 95% efficient. Don't forget to check that your preferred inverter type is rated well in terms of efficiency to avoid losing a lot of solar power.
4. Power Supply Transfer
Set up a transfer switch for the swift switching of power source from the grid to the battery system. For sure, you do not need interruptions to your enjoyment of TV or other appliances in case of a sudden blackout, so use a transfer switch with instantaneous operation.
5. Charge Control Device
Use a charge regulator to harness the maximum amount of energy possible from your solar panels. Ensure that the switch comes with an auto-disengage feature to disconnect solar power supply from the batteries each time they're 100% charged. That helps protect your batteries from wear caused by overcharging as well as prevent current backflow to the solar modules when they're not charging.
Such aforementioned parts perfectly complete your Monterey solar panels system setup to continuously provide environmentally-safe energy for your household's enjoyment.
Why People Think Solar Are A Good Idea
Learning The "Secrets" of Energy
Interesting Research on Batteries – What No One Ever Told You
by bcomfriend ⋅ | <urn:uuid:651f9725-0196-4afd-a1e9-57f61d2147ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://niccolo-machiavelli.gq/2017/10/12/a-simple-plan-for-researching-energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.929871 | 629 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Weekend Reading: Letters to a Young Farmer
Martha Hodgkins, ed. Letters to a Young Farmer: On Food, Farming, and Our Future. Princeton Architectural Press, 2017.
This publication is from the Stone Barns Center for Food & Agriculture. Its executive director, Jill Isenbarger, explains what it is:
Letters to a Young Farmer, written by some of the most influential farmers, writers, leaders, and entrepreneurs of our time, offers advice, observations, gratitude, and a measure of harsh reality. Farming is a difficult endeavor and an arduous undertaking at best, yet farming remains one of the most important, tangible, and meaningful things one can do to improve human and environmental health and community well-being. And it is vital to our future.
The book contains 36 letters, all inspiring. One of them is mine (you can read it here). | <urn:uuid:a50acd35-1501-4927-a1f4-aff8ac351dfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foodpolitics.com/2017/03/mar-3-weekend-reading-letters-to-a-young-farmer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.920333 | 182 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Major WWF report finds that humanity has destroyed 60 per cent of the world’s wildlife populations since 1970
THE SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT must “seize all opportunities” to protect and restore Scotland’s wildlife and natural environments, the acting director of WWF (World Wildlife Fund) Scotland has argued following the publication of a shocking WWF report indicating that 60 per cent of the Earth’s mammals, birds, fish and reptiles have been wiped out in less than 50 years as a result of humanity’s actions.
The environmental campaign group’s latest ‘Living Planet’ report, produced by 59 scientists across the world and published every two years, names the overexploitation and growing consumption of the Earth’s food and natural resources by the global human population as the biggest threats to the balance of nature and potentially to humanity’s continued existence.
“We are sleepwalking towards the edge of a cliff.” WWF executive of science and conservation Mike Barrett
Animal species which have dropped massively in number between 1970 and 2014 – the most recent year for which data is currently available – include once-common UK species such as hedgehogs and puffins, as well as animals already threatened by poaching, habitat destruction, pollution and climate change, such as elephants, polar bears and rhinos.
Commenting on the report’s findings, WWF executive director of science and conservation Mike Barrett said: “We are sleepwalking towards the edge of a cliff.
“If there was a 60 per cent decline in the human population, that would be equivalent to emptying North America, South America, Africa, Europe, China and Oceania. That is the scale of what we have done.”
Speaking to CommonSpace, Dr Sam Gardner, acting director at WWF Scotland, said: “This stark report shows that global wildlife populations have declined by 60 percent in less than 50 years.
“In the coming months and years the Scottish Government must seize all opportunities to demonstrate the leadership required to restore our incredible natural environment.” WWF Scotland acting director Dr Sam Gardner
“The same sad story is to be seen played out across Scotland where habitat loss and climate change are combining to threaten our precious wildlife. Nature is not just a nice thing to have – we depend on nature for the food we eat, the air we breathe and the medicines that keep us healthy. We cannot survive without it.”
The WWF’s report has argued that a “global deal” similar to the Paris climate agreement is necessary in order to save the global environment and the wildlife dependent upon it, but warns that current international efforts fall far short of what is required.
As WWF chief executive Tanya Steele puts it: “The collapse of global wildlife populations is a warning sign that nature is dying. But instead of putting the world on life support, we’re using a sticking plaster.”
Addressing Scotland’s potential role in this global effort, Dr Gardner continued: “The scale of the global response does not yet match the urgency of the situation. In the coming months and years the Scottish Government must seize all opportunities to demonstrate the leadership required to restore our incredible natural environment.”
In 2016, the State of Nature report, produced by 50 wildlife and research organisations, suggested that one in 11 native species of animals and plants in Scotland were at risk of extinction, attributing the decline to changes in agricultural practices, including the use of pesticides and the loss of hedgerows.
Earlier this year, a further report – produced by the Mammal Society at the request of the UK Government and described as the most comprehensive analysis of British animal depopulation to date – found that one in five wild mammals in the UK face a high risk of extinction within a decade, while overall populations are falling. The report identified the Scottish wildcat as one of the most endangered species in the UK, with only 200 remaining.
Picture courtesy of Peter Trimming
HELP US BUILD A COMMON FUTURE TOGETHER: Support our work at allofusfirst.org/donate | <urn:uuid:fb21f4ac-04d8-4e21-a0b1-a3501cd1af55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sourcenews.scot/scottish-govt-must-demonstrate-leadership-after-shocking-global-wildlife-report-say-wwf-scotland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.929387 | 855 | 2.875 | 3 |
Posts Tagged ‘gardening safety advice Fargo ND’
Welcome to Van Dam Chiropractic's gardening safety advice Fargo ND Archive. Here you can learn more about Van Dam Chiropractic, Chiropractic, and Dr. Scott Van Dam, today's choice for Chiropractors in Fargo, ND. Read Dr. Scott Van Dam's Chiropractic gardening safety advice Fargo ND for the health of it.
We look forward to serving you! Call - (701) 532-5320.
Sports or exercise should be an essential step in maintaining your health. Exercise strengthens your heart, bones, joints and reduces stress, among many other benefits physically and psychologically. Unfortunately, injuries during our participation in athletic activities are all too common. Often, these injuries occur in those of us who are beginning a new ...
Read More >> | <urn:uuid:df76a2d6-90aa-4914-85f9-f1eceea63de3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vandamchiropractic.com/chiropractic/fargo-nd-chiropractor/tag/gardening-safety-advice-fargo-nd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.89786 | 176 | 1.796875 | 2 |
If you’ve ever wanted to work with a medical team without necessarily going through several years of training, here’s a chance for you. Becoming a Phlebotomist is what you need. To get a job as a phlebotomist technician, you only need to get a good phlebotomy training program from an accredited school and acquire a certificate to practice. It takes just 10-15 mins read to learn all these.
The Phlebotomist job is very simple – get blood from patients for testing and transfusion. Yet, they are very vital to the allied healthcare community. With a satisfactory payment for the job they do and the short time it takes before you start earning, more students are choosing this career. Also, becoming a phlebotomist is a smart way to start a big career in the healthcare field.
So, it is for these reasons that we will show you how to become a phlebotomist. In this post, you will discover who a phlebotomist is and their job description. You will also learn about how much phlebotomy education and certificate they need to start earning. Read on to discover all these.
What is Phlebotomy?
If this is your first time to hear the term phlebotomy, then you’re in the right place. Phlebotomy sounded like something out of a sci-fi movie to us at first, but we know what it is now and we will share the knowledge with you.
If a medical professional has ever taken your blood before for any purpose, what you see that professional doing is phlebotomy. Phlebotomy is the process of taking blood from the vein by puncturing it with a needle. This process is also called Venipuncture, but phlebotomy goes beyond the process of taking blood. Phlebotomy is puncturing the vein and taking blood for the purpose of testing, research, or even to underwrite a life insurance policy.
A career in phlebotomy sounds like fun, right? Well, it is only so for people who are not scared of blood. So, before you consider hopping into the phlebotomy career bus, ensure that you are someone that is calm in the face of needle drawing blood.
Who is a Phlebotomist?
The professional who takes the blood from you for any medical purpose is the Phlebotomist. Your doctor or your nurse may have drawn your blood with the needle at one point or another and you’re wondering does that make them a phlebotomist?
The answer to that is a resounding NO! That medical doctor or nurse had only performed the job of a phlebotomist, probably because the hospital or medical center is not big enough to have one.
In a large hospital with decentralized roles, you’ll find a phlebotomist, whose job is simply to draw blood from patients to test for diseases or make research.
Also, the phlebotomist is not restricted to the hospital alone. They may move about from house to house taking blood donations from people or blood samples for life insurance policies. This is something your doctor or nurse would not do, and more reasons why the phlebotomist will always be needed.
Meanwhile, the phlebotomist is also the phlebotomy technician. You will find us using both interchangeably in this article.
What are the Job Duties of a Phlebotomy Technician?
We know that phlebotomy technicians collect blood from patients with a needle. But is that all there is to the profession?
The answer is NO. So, here are other duties the phlebotomy technician ill perform in their work environment:
You should also see: What Can I do With A Kinesiology Degree? Careers & Salaries
Where Does the Phlebotomist Work?
The phlebotomist works with a wide variety of people, including medical professionals and patients of different status. Hence, you will mostly find the phlebotomy technician at hospitals (state, local, or private) and medical and diagnostic laboratories.
In addition to these places, you’ll also find them at ambulatory healthcare services, blood donor centers, offices of physicians, and outpatient centers.
Also, because of the nature of their job, especially when it concerns blood donations, phlebotomy technicians will have to travel to different offices and sites. There, they will set up mobile donation centers and collect patients’ blood.
Meanwhile, the phlebotomist usually works full time – be it 9-5 or 24 hours. This is how important they are. Where the work in hospitals and laboratories, they may need to work nights, weekends, and even during holidays.
What is the Phlebotomist Salary and Job Outlook?
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Phlebotomists earn an average salary of $34,480 annually. Some may earn higher, while some lower, but on average, the figure above is what they earn.
BLS further gives an estimate of Phlebotomists’ salaries based on the industries they work in. Phlebotomy technicians will earn the following in the different areas they work:
The State where you work as a phlebotomist will also determine how much you will receive as salary. BLS gives the top 5 paying phlebotomists states as:
In 2018, there were 128,300 jobs available for phlebotomists and with an estimated growth of 23% from 2018 to 2028, the number of jobs will scale up to 157,800.
So you see if you choose to go through the necessary educational requirements to become a phlebotomist and become certified, you will get a job with haste. The reason for this is that blood analysis is an essential function in hospitals and medical labs.
What Do I Need to Become a Phlebotomist?
Becoming a Phlebotomy technician is not much of a big deal. Follow the guide below and you’ll become one in no time.
Get a High School Diploma or Its Equivalent
The first step to becoming a phlebotomist is to finish high school and get your diploma. This is a major requirement to get admission into a school offering the required phlebotomy training program.
If you don’t have a high school diploma, a GED can serve. GED is a General Education Diploma that certifies students who could not get a high school diploma. You would have to sit for and pass certain subjects to get a GED, though.
In addition to getting a high-school diploma or a GED, you must be up to 18 years before you can progress in the process of becoming a phlebotomist.
For full information about GED, see: Can you go to College with a GED | Best Answers
Enroll in a Phlebotomy Program
Phlebotomy programs are your direct path to becoming a phlebotomy technician. You can get a phlebotomy training program from technical and community colleges as well as independent training centers like hospitals.
The best option for phlebotomy programs though is phlebotomy schools because of their accreditation, low tuition offering, and the full certification they provide you. Ensure to attend phlebotomy schools with accreditation by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS).
While phlebotomy programs may vary by school, all phlebotomy training will essentially cover anatomy, lab safety, and procedures, venipuncture, hands-on experiences, and labeling specimens.
The beauty of phlebotomy programs is that they don’t take long to complete. A typical phlebotomy program will take anywhere from four to eight months to complete.
Gain Relevant Experience
Before you are fit for a real job as a phlebotomist, you must have gathered enough experience. This is the beauty of Phlebotomist schools – it involves clinical training that builds you up with the right experience.
Because nobody will trust you with their skin to test your needle skills, you’ll start your hands-on training with test subjects. You’ll work with them for a duration of time until you’re steady enough to work on actual patients.
Of course, a lead phlebotomist will be supervising you to confirm that you’ve gained the right experience or else you’ll keep poking test subjects for life.
Gaining a phlebotomy certificate is very important to your phlebotomy career. You should try to gain certification after completing a phlebotomy training program as some states will require it of you to be able to practice. Some other states may not require you to have a phlebotomy certificate or license, but the vast majority of phlebotomists out there are certified, so why not you?
Another reason to get a phlebotomy certificate besides joining the bandwagon of phlebotomists is that it allows you to broaden your scope of operation as a phlebotomist. It could even boost your earnings.
Meanwhile, ensure to get certified from any of the certification organizations below because they are the ones that are most reputable.
States that will require you to gain a phlebotomy certificate are California, Louisiana, Nevada, and Washington. But you have seen that California is the highest paying state, so getting a phlebotomy certificate is worth it.
Find a Job
There is no use of education and certification if you won’t practice with it. In other words, validate your time and efforts to becoming a phlebotomist by actually getting a job as one.
The truth is that because of the high need for phlebotomists, employers will get to you while you’re completing your training program and getting a certification. Nonetheless, you should actively search for phlebotomy jobs near you.
If you had gotten hands-on training in a hospital during your training program, you can go talk to HR and seek employment opportunities. It will be much easier for you if you had made the staff at the hospital friends and networked well.
Also, you can expand your horizon by searching for jobs with blood donation centers, physicians, and outpatient centers.
Maintain Your Certification
There is a need to continue education as a phlebotomist it is a prerequisite to renewing your certificate. Many institutions will require you to earn continuing education credits (CEs) by taking short courses that can be completed in two years. With these, you will be able to renew your phlebotomist certificate after three years and keep updated with the latest development in the industry.
Medical Assistant is a related job; You should also see: 15 Best Medical Assistant Schools: Cost, Salary and Online Schools
What are the Best Phletobotomy Programs I Can Enroll for?
Like we mentioned earlier, the best phlebotomy training programs are the ones offered by community schools. These schools perfectly blend academic coursework with clinical practice – which is a very important aspect of phlebotomist education. It is because of the absence of hands-on practical training that online schools offering phlebotomy programs are unpopular and unadvisable.
On-campus schools are the best for phlebotomy training programs and so here are some good NAACLS accredited programs you should take.
#1. Moraine Valley Community College
Moraine Valley Community College at Palos Hills, Illinois is one of the best schools to get a phlebotomy training program. The program coursework requires a 10-credit hour, where you’ll take courses like medical terminology, the anatomy of the circulatory system, safety, and legal guidelines. Students will complete clinical practice after the coursework classes.
#2. Asheville-Buncombe (AB) Tech
Asheville-Buncombe (AB) Tech in North Carolina also offers one of the best phlebotomy programs in the USA. AB Tech’s coursework comprises a total of 12 credits: 6 credit in phlebotomy technology, 3 credits in either interpersonal or general psychology, and 3 credits practicum that will give you real-world skills.
#3. Austin Peay State University Tennessee
Austin Peay State University in Tennessee also offers quality phlebotomy technician training programs. Unlike the other schools we’ve discussed, this Tennessee technical college offers a non-credit phlebotomy program. Nonetheless, the program prepares competent entry-level phlebotomy technicians in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning domains.
#4. Ohio community college
Cuyahoga is an Ohio community college that promises one of the best phlebotomy training programs for prospective phlebotomists. Its selling point is its extensive clinical training of 32 hours every week.
#5. Bossier Parish
Bossier Parish is a Louisiana community college that provides one of the best phlebotomy training programs. Its 1-year program is a 13 credit hours program that blends coursework with a total of 180 hours of hands-on training.
What is the Cost of a Phlebotomist Training?
It doesn’t cost much to become a phlebotomist. As you have seen above, the only educational path to take as a phlebotomist is the training program that lasts not more than a year. As the duration of the program is short, that is how little the cost of the training is.
The range of cost technical schools will charge you for a phlebotomy training certificate program is between $700 to $2,000. Some schools may charge higher, however, so keep a higher budget.
AB Tech’s Phlebotomy training program costs approximately $1,500-$1,700 for tuition, books, uniforms, CPR class, medical exams, immunizations, etc.
Austin Peay State University, on the other hand, charges $3,650 for its Phlebotomy Technician Certificate Program with Clinical Externship.
Cuyahoga Community College stands on the middle ground with the tuition cost including laboratory fees of approximately $1,986 or $2,504 for out of county students.
Using these three schools as a reference, we can establish that it costs between $1,500 to $3,650 to become a phlebotomist.
What Skills Do I Need to Become a Phlebotomist?
In addition to your phlebotomy education, you need to possess the following skills:
It takes less than a year to become a phlebotomist. The main education you need to become a phlebotomist is the training program and it takes between four to eight months to complete the training program, depending on your phlebotomy school.
To become a certified phlebotomist, you must be up to 18 years of age and have completed high school with a diploma to show for it or a GED equivalent. Then get a phlebotomy certificate program from a phlebotomy school and complete the program. You will become certified on completion of the program but you can further apply for state licensure to better your chances of employment.
It will cost you anywhere from $700 to $4,000 depending on the Phlebotomy school you pick to get your training from. Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College charges between $1,500-$1,700 for its phlebotomy training program while Austin Peay State University charges $3,650 for its training program.
Phlebotomists are in high demand as shown by BLS. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that 128,300 jobs were available for phlebotomists in 2018 and it is to grow by 23% from 2018-2028, which is faster than the average growth. This means that phlebotomists will continue to be in high demand.
The Phlebotomist job involves very little calculation, and so does education. Your phlebotomy training program will cover anatomy, lab safety, and procedures, venipuncture, hands-on experiences, and labeling specimens instead of mathematics.
Phlebotomists work full-time wherever they find employment and some work as long as 24 hours without observing holidays, but the nature of the job is not exactly stressful. It is an entry-level job that does not demand so much from the professional, yet is a better career than several other entry-level jobs.
You need less than a year of schooling to become a phlebotomist. A certificate, instead of a degree, is what you need to start up your career as a phlebotomist and you can get this from a community college in four to eight months.
You can take online classes for phlebotomy but it is not a regular path. Becoming a phlebotomist requires hands-on practice andonline classes will not avail you such. You can only get the coursework requirement online and not the clinical practice.
Currently, there are no federal requirements for licensure or certification for phlebotomists. The rules for phlebotomy are set individually by each state. Every state has different requirements for its phlebotomists. There are just four states which require a certification or license to draw blood.
Phlebotomists are very essential to the healthcare industry as they make the doctors and nurses work easier. Their key job responsibility is to draw blood from patients to test for diseases or for donations. But this responsibility is very delicate and would require expertise to ensure that it is well done.
That is why as simple as the task of extracting blood with a needle is, phlebotomists must attend a training program from phlebotomy schools and acquire a certificate. We believe that this post has shown you the right direction to take to become a phlebotomist.
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Brazil: The election of a fascist signals the beginning of a new era.
Originally published by Libcom. Written by Cipo Fraioli.
Note: Enough is Enough is not organizing any of these events, we are publishing this text for people across the US and Europe to be able to see what is going on and for documentation only.
Today (October 28, EIE) is an historic event for Brazil and Latin America, as the far-right presidential candidate Bolsonaro looks to be elected with 55% of the vote.
Bolsonaro is the latest figure in a series of far right governments across the world, from Donald Trump in USA, to Rodrigo Duterte in the Phillipines and the xenophobic coalition of Salvini and Di Maio in Italy. As did most of these presidents when they were candidates, they presented themselves as being anti-establishment and outsiders. Except for Donald Trump maybe, the rest were living off politics for quite a while. The same goes to Bolsonaro, who has been a congressman for 25 years, during which he merely drafted two bills and one amendment.
A former army captain, Bolsonaro had been known for quite a while for his appearances in television, where he praised the use of torture, the beatings of LGBT people, and the “cleansing” of his country from the leftist disease. It was with these public statements that he got 49 million votes in the first round of voting, obtaining 46%.
There has been a turn to the right recently in Latin America. The elections of Mauricio Macri in Argentina, Sebastian Piñeira in Chile, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in Peru and Ivan Duque in Colombia signaled the end of the decade of left-wing governments, that saw 70 million people getting out from poverty, almost 30 million of which were in Brazil, because of Keynesian measures of economic growth and redistribution of wealth, fueled by the rising prices of commodities.
We talked to Rodrigo Costa, a Brazilian historian, that when asked what about the poor people that thanks to the measures taken by the PT could overcome poverty, join the middle class, and now vote against Haddad. And what about the poor people that thanks to the economic measures taken by the PT became middle class and now votes against Haddad? He answered that, “that’s the contradiction. Any increase in money during that period went to people’s heads and made them think they belonged to a higher class”.
To understand the reason why a character like Bolsonaro can have such fighting chances, one must look at the regions scandals of corruption and at the economic recession (the worst in its history) that the country faced during the 2014-2016 period when the GDP per capita shrank by 10%, and has not yet fully recovered. The main reason for his sure victory, was the imprisonment of Lula da Silva, the former president of Brazil from 2003 to 2011. He was going to run for office again, and all the polls predicted his victory, but earlier this year, he was tried and imprisoned unfairly, in order to prevent him from running, making him a political prisoner according to the UN committee on human rights.
This is a turning point for the region. The biggest and richest country in Latin America, which was once deemed as an economic super-power and formed along with China, South-Africa, Russia and India the BRICS, is facing the rise to power of a fascist. It is unclear what economic measures he will implement, but we can expect a series of privatisations, a reduction of public spending, income tax cuts, payroll tax breaks for companies and a pension reform. His economic guru, Paulo Guedes, a free market enthusiast and PHD trained economist at the University of Chicago, is a neoliberal in favour of massive spending cuts, aiming at reaching a zero budget deficit in the first year of government.
With regards to security, his stance on gun control is appalling. Promising to make easier for everyone to own a gun is his answer to the recent epidemic of violence that has spread all over the country, resulting in a record of 63,880 people murdered in 2017. He is in favor of the deployment of the army in the favelas, of relaxing self-defense legislation and to give police more discretion in the use of deadly force.
Today the whole region faces a major shift in political history, and its possible ramifications remain unknown, but they sure are not promising.
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Donation for our work in the Enough is Enough info-shop and our independent reporting on our blog and social media channels. | <urn:uuid:c9d403cc-be78-4268-8f61-a70fd4927c2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://enoughisenough14.org/2018/10/30/after-bolsonaros-election-brazils-darkest-hour/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.977027 | 956 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Free Printable Sudoku Medium Puzzles – Sudoku is a popular Japanese puzzle that is now offered in different stores all over the world. In several write-ups, (once more, simply excessive to put in one article), will tell you just how to play Sudoku, a tough sort of puzzle. In this post, you’ll learn the crucial behind Sudoku, its solving method, and also its benefits for psychological fitness. When the difficulty ends up being harder, attempt reading on Sudoku Tips to improve your psychological abilities.
In Sudoku, there are ninety-nine rows and 9 columns. To do solve Sudoku puzzles, a gamer has to determine the pattern where these nine cells are organized. The patterns can be any kind of square form or plan, which can be in straight or upright format. It can also be a partial circle, quadratic equations or any other Sudoku arrangements.
For every Sudoku puzzles video game, the first thing a gamer does is to choose a problem degree. The greater the degree, the more difficult the puzzle is. There are two means to go into a problem level – by thinking it or by really playing a puzzle and also assessing its option. Several websites supply assistance apply for each video game, as well as these are excellent resources for Sudoku puzzle resolving suggestions as well as techniques.
If you desire to know how to resolve Sudoku puzzles, the very first suggestion is to play the video game on very easy. There is no point in discovering just how to address puzzles if you are not going to utilize it.
The 2nd suggestion for finding out just how to play Sudoku puzzles is to play the games in the original pattern. Even if you have actually solved it in one more pattern, it is still more fun to resolve a fixed puzzle in its original form. When you play Sudoku online, there is no requirement to try to solve a puzzle making use of algorithms, because this is nearly impossible to do.
Finally, solve Sudoku puzzles in the initial Japanese style. Sudoku is mainly a Japanese puzzle, but actually, the Japanese lay more emphasis on pattern as well as plan than actual reasoning. As a result, it is important to learn exactly how to solve Sudoku puzzles in its typical form. Keep in mind, the grids of the puzzle are based on Japanese patterns, and also the numbers you see in the puzzle columns are Japanese letters that match with the numbers you see in the puzzle rows. | <urn:uuid:53ea5300-30fd-449f-91b0-e6674c27b88a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sudokupuzzlesprintable.com/free-printable-sudoku-medium-puzzles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962434 | 501 | 3.015625 | 3 |
ITV News Central Reporter Ravneet Nandra joins the group of schools in Coventry for their tree planting ahead of Birmingham 2022
Thousands of trees are being planted at schools across the Midlands with the aim to leave a lasting environmental legacy following the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games.
At least 72 tennis-court sized tiny forests will be planted across the region, one for each of the nations and territories competing in the games.
One school in Coventry joined forces with members of the Zambian community, to create the first tiny forest.
Six schools teamed-up with Severn Trent to plant Tiny Forests in celebration of Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games, supported by environmental charity Earthwatch Europe.
The six Tiny Forests sites are located at Corpus Christi Catholic Primary School and Moseley Primary School in Coventry, Northleigh House School in Warwick, St Anne’s Catholic Academy in Nuneaton, Silkmore Primary Academy in Stafford and Heart of Worcestershire College in Bromsgrove.
Around 3,600 trees in total are set to be planted across the six sites with the support of Earthwatch Europe.
Each site will become a nature-rich accessible green space and an inspiring outdoor classroom for people to reconnect with nature.
Graham Osborn, Principle Ecologist at Severn Trent said: "These are going to provide more of that linkage with the children and the communities to kind of bring nature back into an urban setting and help them really appreciate what nature does for us."
The sites will help to deliver a lasting legacy for Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games as well as boosting access to green space in urban areas, supporting environmental education and increasing regional resilience against environmental issues such as flooding, heat stress and nature loss.
Coventry schools are twinned with schools in Zambia in a new commonwealth partnership.
It's a chance to share and learn each others' cultures ahead of the games.
A Zambian community representative joined the tree planting and said: "It's not just about sports and I think that is very very interesting."
"The Zambian children are also learning about the culture here in the UK all in the name of the commonwealth."
"I don't know how we could have done this if it wasn't for the commonwealth." | <urn:uuid:aea439ac-e199-4401-8d5f-a24200b7e2ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.itv.com/news/central/2022-02-28/tiny-forests-to-leave-a-lasting-legacy-at-schools-across-the-west-midlands | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954094 | 463 | 2.625 | 3 |
Chinese electric vehicle company XPeng Motors said Thursday that users have accumulated more than 5 million kilometers using the Navigation Guided Pilot (NGP) feature as of May 31, 125 days since the feature was made available to users on Jan. 26.
NGP is the core of XPeng's XPILOT 3.0 autonomous driving assistance system, which allows vehicles to drive from point A to point B with automatic navigation assistance based on a user-set navigation route.
On Feb. 22, XPeng said that as of 20:00 Feb. 20 Beijing Time, it had exceeded 1 million kilometers of NGP user usage.
This is just 25 days after XPeng pushed an OTA update to the P7 model and opened up the NGP feature to users on January 26.
On April 12, users had logged 2,329,683 kilometers of NGP usage through March.
In March, XPeng completed the 3,000 km NGP Expedition Challenge, becoming the first automotive company to complete a similar event with a mass-produced self-driving assistance feature.
The NGP Expedition Challenge took 8 days to complete, passing through 10 cities, with multiple drivers switching hands in a relay.
NGP achieved a 94% success rate in lane changes and overtaking, and a similar 93% for highway ramp entry/exit.
At the XPeng NGP Expedition Challenge results sharing meeting held on March 31, XPeng Chairman and CEO He Xiaopeng said, "We not only want to be the best in China, but also want to bring intelligent capabilities to the world".
In the intelligent track, XPeng will continue to lead the industry and bring more and stronger intelligent products, he said.
It is worth noting that XPeng has been emphasizing that the NGP function is still in "beta" status, seemingly hoping to avoid the risk of possible safety incidents for it. | <urn:uuid:8bf543c3-4cb7-4062-9983-a8a409c2648d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cnevpost.com/2021/06/03/xpeng-says-ngp-user-mileage-surpasses-5-million-km/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.94458 | 392 | 1.578125 | 2 |
ABB Formula E Championship E-Prix races involve a civil engineering feat unlike any other. Richard Bate equates it to the construction and disassembly of the Silverstone racing circuit in England multiple times throughout the nine-month racing calendar in different cities throughout the world.
"Everyone sees my role as particularly glamorous, but I can work 18-hour days in very difficult circumstances," says Bate, the senior health and safety manager at the business behind the racing series (see "From a standing start" box below).
"We are on a very tight schedule. We can't push back on the race start because it's now going out to a global [TV and social media] audience of potentially 35 million plus."
The level and detail of planning varies from race to race. In April this year, the Paris E-Prix took the drivers around the foot of the Eiffel Tower. To minimise disruption to the public, the business built four 10 m high pedestrian bridges, each 30-40 m wide, over the track.
"Just looking at a single bridge, the planning process, the permits, the permissions are a standalone project which could take hundreds of hours to arrange," says Bate.
"Then there are the road closures and traffic management that go along with it. We can close roads relatively easily if we have a mayor who is fully invested in what we are delivering, but what we never do is shut the city to the local public."
Depending on a race circuit's complexity and location, it typically takes three weeks to assemble and dismantle.
From the time of race finish, 22 hours later, every piece of equipment that we own was gone
The transformation of the city streets into a track for cars racing at speeds of 225 km/h (280 km/h in season five) must be completed by the Saturday morning before its handover to the FIA, which manages each race and is responsible for the safety of the drivers, the trackside teams and the vehicles once they are on the circuit.
From a standing start
Founded in 2013, London-based Formula E Operations is the business behind Formula E, the ABB FIA single-seater championship and the world's first fully-electric international single-seater motorsport race series.
When the business signed a contract with the FIA, the technology for the cars did not exist and there were no racing teams. Formula E Operations used external designers to develop the first fully-electric, open-wheel -- with the wheels outside the body -- car for the first race in Beijing in 2014.
A department works with client cities to finalise the race calendar, which has to gain FIA approval. A team comprising external track designers and the company's event manager and designer first carry out a detailed feasibility study of a prospective venue, using satellite software and global positioning system data to map possible street locations. Next, they visit the city to determine race feasibility. With potentially tens of thousands of grandstand spaces to sell, they must also consider its commercial viability.
Major manufacturers including Audi, BMW, Jaguar and Nissan have joined the series recently. To date, ten teams and two drivers have competed from each franchise in races that typically take between 45 minutes and an hour. Season five will feature 11 teams and a more advanced vehicle with a more efficient powertrain and radical new-look.
Some E-Prix are better suited than others to public viewing, but Formula E's greatest reach is through home viewing. In season one, the average viewing figures per race was around 17 million. In Rome in April, the race attracted close to 35 million viewers.
To minimise its carbon footprint and curb transport costs, Formula E Operations tries to source the track fences and concrete blocks locally.
One of the E-Prix championship's aims is to fuel innovation in electric car technology while also promoting clean energy and the sustainability of the motor racing industry. The business partnered with UK-based Aquafuel Research in season one to introduce a new glycerine combustion system for standard diesel generators which eliminates nearly all nitrogen oxide and particulate matter. Bate says, once the system has been fine-tuned, fewer generators will be needed at future races.
But the delivery and installation of the fencing and concrete blockwork that acts as track boundaries is only one of many individual builds around what is a 2-3 km-long construction site.
The supporting infrastructure includes grandstands, a medical centre, VIP suites, viewing platforms, those pedestrian bridges, catering facilities, a power compound and generators to supply the electric cars, the control centre for monitoring crowd movement, and broadcasting facilities. Bate estimates that around 30 km of cabling is used for the power supply alone.
Since joining Formula E Operations in April 2017, Bate has taken a front seat in race safety planning. His work starts with a safety concept, including plotting traffic and crowd management and pedestrian flows to minimise the impact on the surrounding areas. Next he looks at the permitting and licensing process. Given the nature of the negotiations and the need to compromise, last-minute changes are common, such as to the size of grandstands.
Procurement usually starts before contracts are signed. Bate admits that, under pressure, there have been times when they have done this retrospectively and faced problems.
"Sometimes you get a situation where we've used a supplier [and] their credentials and portfolio looked amazing but, when they came to deliver, it wasn't the standard we'd expected," he says.
"That was a learning process and we've now tightened up the procurement to ensure that will happen less frequently... because it will happen again."
Early on, Bate recognised the pre-contract OSH due diligence element was weak. Most suppliers and contractors reacted positively and requested a written process from him. Bate, who says he needs them to be honest about their accidents and incidents, is particularly interested in near-miss safety occurrences.
"I can tell through experience. If a company is honest, open and engages with me, that for me is a green flag. If they are defensive and don't want to share, it's a red flag."
At the end of each season, he will ask the suppliers to share their OSH figures, which he then analyses and includes in his post-season audits, so he gets "a better picture of where we are moving into the next season".
Long before his arrival on site, the business also develops a logistics plan to manage truck movements. At the Zurich E-Prix in June, there was a single drop-off and pick-up point for materials, so scheduling was extra critical.
"At the end of Paris [this season] we knew there was a very short window to get all our trucks moving out of the city before the curfew," Bate says. "From the time of race finish, 22 hours later, every piece of equipment that we own as a company was gone."
The ultimate sanction, which we almost never use, would be to take over from the promoter
As a rule of thumb, Bate will visit each venue once or twice a few months before a race to meet the local organisations he works with. In the case of new additions, he will have visited the previous year and identified key contacts, which include building control officers, city traffic managers, local OSH managers, the police, fire and rescue, the ambulance service and civil defence.
Depending on how far the race is from the UK and the circuit's complexity, he will normally arrive ten to 12 days before, part of a core, ten-strong management team which includes the overlay engineer, production manager and event manager.
Around 90 staff attend each race. They sit through a 20-minute, prerecorded site induction prepared by Bate. The presentation is also emailed to each staff member and includes extra information on scheduling, security and welfare tailored to the event: "In Mexico City, the security side of the induction probably takes up about 55% of the presentation."
Once the core management team is on site, Bate holds regular meetings with key contacts and chases any outstanding risk assessments and method statements and insurance certificates. He carries out spot audits and ensures the global suppliers that deliver and install the blockwork, fencing and power have received site safety information, signed it and returned it. There are also accreditation checks to be made for site access.
To add to the frenzy, he must field at least 50 questions a day, fired at him by colleagues, suppliers and contractors, local contacts and members of the public.
Most suppliers operate globally so typically provide high-quality documents. Bate still insists on risk assessments in an accessible format. "I don't like 60-page risk assessments that I know no-one is going to read. I want to see that somebody has understood what they recognise as a potential risk and how they mitigated it."
Unlike a standard construction project, the unique conditions imposed by the sites require compromises.
"We may not always be able to put in a fixed barrier system," Bate says of the work areas. "We may have to use hazard tape and a security guard because the difference is we may only need to work in an area for 30 minutes."
This produces its own challenges, which were brought home at the Zurich E-Prix, the first time the race was held in Switzerland's largest city.
Under Swiss law, the state cannot exclude citizens from any public space. The Swiss will exercise this entitlement and Formula E Operations has no legal right to prevent their movement, even on a building site. Consequently, as workers began to construct the track perimeters on the eve of race day, pedestrians and cyclists were able to circulate around the forklift trucks and cranes positioning the fencing and blocks.
Zurich was challenging as well because it was one of the few races set up by a local promoter under licence.
"Where this is different for me is that I need to work with the promoter to access his suppliers and contractors," says Bate.
"To minimise risk, Bate worked closely with the promoter to engage Zurich residents and explain what the build entailed and the hazards. He also asked the promoter to give him early sight of the safety management system to which the local authority-sourced workers would operate.
Safety culture tune-up
More than 100 Formula E Operations staff have passed IOSH's Managing Safely course. The remaining 50 will take it before the end of the year.
Richard Bate has also worked with training organisation A.C.T. National to develop a bespoke safety course with the logistics team at Donington Park in Leicestershire, where the electric-powered cars are assembled and where the vehicles and generators are shipped from.
To further instil a safety mindset in the business, Bate has co-developed a bespoke reporting system with the company's head of IT, which is accessible to all staff through SharePoint.
"If one of my colleagues starts to create an incident report, I am notified immediately and can join in live," he says.
"Twelve months ago, I couldn't have asked a colleague to write a risk assessment. Now they will write one based on a template and send it to me for review. That's a big step forward."
So that staff start to recognise risk management as an integral element of setting up each race, Bate says he has tried to introduce the risk assessment concept as part of the creative process, so it isn't added retrospectively.
His global safety support team consists of 15 full- and part-time staff and agency workers. This includes four from the business's safety, security and crowd management team who travel to all races, agency staff in Hong Kong, Monaco, Paris and Rome, and an earthquake safety expert in Mexico City.
As part of his two-year development plan, Bate also supported the drive towards certifying the company to the sustainable events management standard ISO 20121, which it achieved in May.
Bate's next goal is the ISO 45001 OSH standard and is working with the business's senior sustainability consultant with the aim of achieving compliance by 2022.
"If we feel that it isn't robust enough or up to the Formula E Operations' standard, then we have options," he says. "We can try to influence the promoter and give them the appropriate information that helps them to brief staff, contractors and suppliers. The ultimate sanction, which we would almost never use, would be to take over from the promoter. That is unlikely ever to happen, and we would find a resolution.
The build was completed without a major incident, although Bate admits he did remove one individual from the site.
"It's something I hate doing. He was very tired, and we invited him to go home," he says.
"In those instances, I would ring the promoter, tell him what I'd done and why. I would then log it, produce an incident report and send that on to him."
Bate knows all the global contractors the company uses and, in off-season, he discusses with them the standard he expects. Together, they work to develop a methodology to deliver each element of the build process safely.
At the start of season four, Bate expressed concern about how much work at height was involved in preparing the racing circuits: "It was almost accepted custom and practice that there must be some working at height. I didn't think that necessarily it was unsafe. There are always alternatives."
This includes using less cabling that needs to be rigged at height, reviewing cable routes and introducing lighter cabling, which can be pre-installed in the equipment that is shipped between races. This negates the need for installation on site.
One advantage of being in a transition phase between seasons four and five is that Bate has more influence in minimising the work at height risks. Next season there will be a further reduction.
"However, we do," he says. "We decided as a company that CDM shouldn't be an aspirational standard but one we work to in every country we race. We certainly follow the process. We understand the key deliverables and we achieve those."
Soon after joining, Bate sent the company's two engineers on a CDM designers' course. "I now see the completed [safety] files and that's pretty much where I get involved."
However, he admits that, due to the lack of regulation, it isn't possible to work to CDM at every venue.
"In some South American countries, it's difficult enough to explain the basics of health and safety management but, where we can, we will work to the standard or the European equivalent."
Bate's background is in major international sporting events; he cut his teeth on two Olympic Games, an Asian Games and the World Rally Championship.
In 2016, his then employer, UK-based event safety management specialist A.C.T. National, put him forward to audit Formula E Operations. He spent two weeks with the business.
Its co-founder, Alberto Longo, was looking to fill the senior safety and health manager post and offered Bate the job on the day he presented the audit.
One reason Longo sought out Bate, to whom he refers as "Doc" after the Christopher Lloyd character in Back to the Future, was that he recognised someone who would be good at assessing risks in a fast-paced and evolving environment.
Longo also recognised that Formula E Operations' meteoric rise in three years necessitated a reassessment of safety performance and handed Bate a two-year development plan to improve the business (see "safety culture tune-up" box above).
An external audit during the Mexico City E-Prix just before he joined offered some pointers.
"There were some positives," Bate says. "The management of safety in a sporting environment around racing was good but where it was lacking was in event safety management."
Bate has made great strides since, but he recognises that, as a relatively new member of the team, he will occasionally annoy colleagues. However, he has the full support of his boss.
"You need to piss people off," says Longo. "If we don't do that today, we won't educate our people. The more that we do that now, we'll [achieve] a standard of procedures for the future. And it only gets more complicated each year." | <urn:uuid:9297d4aa-817e-4a7d-bd7c-1ed00517942f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ioshmagazine.com/formula-e-operations-circuit-testing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.973848 | 3,397 | 2.296875 | 2 |
According to Peirce’s pragmatic semiotics, meaning (semiosis) is not an infused concept, but a power to engender interpretants. Semiosis is a triadic, context-sensitive (situated), interpreter-dependent (dialogic), materially extended (embodied and distributed) dynamic process. Although meaning is context-sensitive and materially extended, its locus is not well-captured by the notion of an environment. Inspired by biological concepts, we suggest the locus of meaning to be a niche. Here, we develop a semiotic account of musical meaning that emphasizes the location of musical signs in semiotic niches.
- Musical Meaning,
- Semiotic Niche,
- Niche Construction,
- C.S. Peirce
Selon la sémiotique pragmatiste de Peirce, le sens (sémiose) n’est pas un concept réifié, mais une puissance à engendrer des interprétants. La sémiose est un processus dynamique triadique, sensible au contexte (positionné), relatif à l’interprète (dialogique), se déployant matériellement (incarné et diffus). Bien que sensible au contexte et se déployant matériellement, son milieu n’est pas bien cerné par la notion d’environnement. Inspiré par les concepts biologiques, nous suggérons que le milieu propre à la signification est une niche. Nous élaborons une conception sémiotique de la signification musicale qui met l’accent sur la localisation des signes musicaux dans des niches sémiotiques.
- Signification musicale,
- niche sémiotique,
- construction de niche,
- C.S. Peirce
Corps de l’article
Meaning is the object of investigation of semiotics, the “formal science of signs” as defined by Charles S. Peirce (CP 2.227). His definition of Semiotics and his pragmatic notion of meaning as the “action of signs” (semiosis) have had a deep impact in several fields (see Freeman 1983; Fetzer 2004; Freadman 2004; Hookway 2002; Queiroz & Merrell 2009; Queiroz et al. 2011). Speculative Grammar, a branch of Peirce’s theory of sign, is dedicated to the empirical studies of the nature of signs as they emerge and develop, and the conditions that determine the sign’s further development, its intrinsic properties, and its interpretation (CP 2.83). It is concerned with sign relations, the necessary and sufficient conditions for representing, and classification of different possible kinds of representation and how they merge with one another (Houser 1997 : 9).
Differently from internalist views that conceive meaning as communicative intent (Bach 1999), Peirce’s pragmatic semiotics tells us that meaning (semiosis) is not an infused concept, but a power to engender interpretants (effects on interpreters). In concert with this idea, semiosis is a triadic, context-sensitive (situated), interpreter-dependent (dialogic), materially extended (embodied and distributed) dynamic process. It emphasizes process and development (Queiroz & El-Hani 2006). It cannot be dissociated from the notion of a situated agent (potential or effective). It is context-sensitive in the sense that it is determined by the network of communicative events within which the interpreting agents are immersed with the signs (Queiroz & Merrell 2009). It is both interpreter-dependent and objective, but is not a thing or an entity. Meaning is not in the sign, in some talking head (intracranial or neuronally-based system of signs or symbols), in the referent of the sign, or in the medium by which the sign is transmitted to its potential receiver and interpreter.
Although meaning is context-sensitive and materially extended (situated, embodied and distributed), its locus is not well-captured by the notion alone of a physical environment. Inspired by biological concepts, we suggest the locus of meaning to be a niche, instead of an environment. In ecology, while ‘environment’ indicates the physical habitat of an organism, ‘niche’ indicates not only the organism’s ‘address’ but its ‘profession’ (Odum 1959), i.e. its ecological role and way of life, or, in a more modern definition, a niche is an imaginary n-dimensional hypervolume whose axes correspond to several ecological factors for the welfare of the organism (Hoffmeyer 2008). Extending the concept of ecological niche to cognition, the notion of “cognitive niche” stresses the environmental offer of opportunities (and boundaries) for thought as a major process in cognitive development. A cognitive niche can be understood as materially extended sets of problem spaces that demand or select a set of cognitive abilities. The construction of niches has been related to the enhancement of problem solving activities (Clark 2008), cultural evolution (Laland & O’Brien 2011) and the birth of language (Clark 2006; Sterelny 2008; Bickerton 2009).
In this work, we develop a semiotic account of musical meaning that emphasizes the location of musical signs in semiotic niches. In section 1, we define semiosis as medium for the communication of a semiotic form. In section 2, we see examples of semiotic forms in the investigation of musical meaning. In section 3, we argue that semiotic forms are made available in semiotic niches through the process of niche construction. In the final section, we identify some consequences of this model for the investigation of musical meaning.
II. Meaning (or the Action of Signs) According to Peirce
First and foremost, Peirce’s semiotics is grounded on a list of categories – Firstness, Secondness, Thirdness – which corresponds to an exhaustive system of hierarchically organized classes of relations. This system makes up the formal foundation of his philosophy (Parker 1998) and of his model of semiotic action (Murphey 1993 : 303–306). In brief, the categories can be defined as : (1) Firstness : what is such as it is, without reference to anything else; (2) Secondness : what is such as it is, in relation with something else, but without relation with any third entity; (3) Thirdness : what is such as it is, insofar as it is capable of bringing a second entity into relation with a first one in the same way that it brings itself into relation with the first and the second entities.
As it is well-known, Peirce defined semiosis as an irreducible triadic relation between a Sign, its Object and its Interpretant. We will hereafter refer to this triad as S-O-I. That is, according to Peirce, any description of semiosis involves a relation constituted by three irreducibly connected terms, which are its minimal constitutive elements (MS 318 : 81; CP 2.242). In Peirce’s words :
My definition of a sign is : A Sign is a Cognizable that, on the one hand, is so determined (i.e., specialized, bestimmt) by something other than itself, called its Object, while, on the other hand, it so determines some actual or potential Mind, the determination whereof I term the Interpretant created by the Sign, that that Interpreting Mind is therein determined mediately by the ObjectCP 8.177
Peirce (see De Tienne 2003; Bergman 2000) also defines Sign as a medium for the communication of a form or a habit embedded in the Object to the Interpretant, so as to determine (in semiotic systems) the interpreter’s behavior :
[…] a Sign may be defined as a Medium for the communication of a Form. [...] As a medium, the Sign is essentially in a triadic relation, to its Object which determines it, and to its Interpretant which it determines. [...] That which is communicated from the Object through the Sign to the Interpretant is a Form; that is to say, it is nothing like an existent, but is a power, is the fact that something would happen under certain conditionsMS 793 :1-3. See EP 2.544, n.22, for a slightly different version
In short, a Sign is both “a Medium for the communication of a Form” and part of “a triadic relation, to its Object which determines it, and to its Interpretant which it determines”. If we consider both definitions, we can say, then, that semiosis is a triadic process of communication of a form from the Object to the Interpretant through Sign mediation (see figure 1 below).
In Peirce’s works, form is defined as having the “being of predicate” (EP 2.544) and it is also pragmatically formulated as a “conditional proposition” stating that certain things would happen under specific circumstances (EP 2.388). It is something that is embodied in the Object (EP 2.544, n. 22) as a habit, a “rule of action” (CP 5.397, CP 2.643), a “disposition” (CP 5.495, CP 2.170), a “real potential” (EP 2.388) or, simply, a “permanence of some relation” (CP 1.415).
III. Examples of Semiotic Forms in Musical Meaning
Investigations of musical meaning have used notions such as schemas, patterns, templates and conceptual metaphors to account for how heard sounds are framed as meaningful structures. In our Peircean-inspired terminology, such notions correspond to semiotic forms. We are aware that the notion of semiotic forms is being applied to a broad scope of phenomena, but we are concerned here more with a logical-phenomenological level of analysis that examines conditions for the emergence of meaning than with specific instantiated mechanisms of this logic : the focus of the present work is on the semiotic locus of these structures – which we will explore in the next section – and not their functioning. In this section we briefly introduce examples of concepts in the research of musical meaning that we characterize as semiotic forms.
Kendall (2010) stresses the fact that listeners make associations among things, and that these can be related to typical patterns or schemas. These schemas are central to the effort of listeners to discern meaning (2010 : 63-64). An example is how listeners are able to discern musical events. According to the author, listeners make use of an “event schema” that help them not only to listen in terms of events, but also to access past experiences in terms of a history of events. For example, continuous felt experience of energy flow dynamics in a musical passage can be discerned and remembered as musical events and be ascribed general labels such as “rough, bumpy, grainy, smooth or flowing” (ibid. 2010 : 66). Note that such labeling rests on the assumption that adjectives commonly used to describe qualities of texture can be used to describe qualities of sound. We refer to this assumption here as the “texture metaphor”.
This event schema can be regarded as a semiotic form that is communicated from O to I through S as depicted in Figure 2 :
The “texture metaphor” that allows a retrieving a musical event in memory due to labeling it as “rough” is also a semiotic form as depicted in Figure 3 :
Lakoff & Johnson (1980 / 2003 : 3), stressed the importance of “conceptual metaphors” for human cognition : “our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature”. Conceptual metaphors operationalize a target domain in terms of a source domain. Jonhson & Larson (2003) apply the Theory of Conceptual Metaphors to the cognition of musical motion, arguing that musical motion is metaphorically conceptualized as physical motion :
Our claim is that people have no robust way of conceptualizing musical motion without metaphor and that all reasoning about musical motion and musical space inherits the internal logic of such metaphors. If this claim is correct, and if the source domain for musical motion is motion in space, then the ways we learn about space and physical motion should be crucial to how we experience and think about musical motion.2003 : 68
The authors consider three ways through which we experience and learn about motion : (a) we see objects move; (b) we move our bodies; (c) we feel our bodies being moved by forces (Johnson & Larson, 2003 : 68). These three ways give rise to three main metaphors to conceptualize musical motion : the “moving music” metaphor, the “musical landscape” metaphor and the “music as a moving force” metaphor.
The moving music metaphor describes musical events as objects that move past a stationary hearer from front (future events) to back (past events). Examples given by the authors include expressions such as “Here comes the recapitulation”, “The strings slow down now”, and “The music goes faster here” (69). The musical landscape metaphor conceptualizes music as a three-dimensional environment through which the hearer moves. Future events are the landscape ahead and past events are the landscape already crossed. This metaphor accounts for expressions such as “We are coming to the coda”, “Let’s see, where are we in the second movement?”, “The melody rises up ahead” (71). The metaphor of music as a moving force is based on the experience of being physically displaced by substances and processes such as water and wind currents or large objects. In the metaphor, music becomes the substance that acts upon the hearer. This metaphor accounts for conceptualizations of music as something that “blow you away”, “carry you along”, “take you on a roller coaster ride”, or make you “swing” (75).
The conceptual metaphors can be modelled as semiotic forms as depicted in Figure 4 :
The premises of our approach (that meaning rests on the action of contextually dependent, materially extended signs, as presented in section II) entail that semiotic forms – whether conceptual metaphors, event schemas or other theoretical concepts – are situated in some locus, where they are available as semiotic resources that can be recruited by interpreting minds. Meaning is shaped by the availability of these semiotic resources. Under this conception, the examination of the locus where these semiotic resources are available as well as the process that make them available become a fundamental part of the investigation of the meaning of something. In the following section we delve into this examination through the notions of semiotic niche and semiotic niche construction.
IV. Musical Niche Construction
In biology, the niche of an organism indicates its ecological role and way of life. A niche is an imaginary n-dimensional hypervolume whose axes correspond to several ecological factors for the welfare of the organism (Hoffmeyer 2008). Recently, Clark (2006 : 370) suggested that we are immersed in cognitive niches structured by language – “by materializing thought in words, we structure our environments, creating ‘cognitive niches’ that enhance and empower us in a variety of non-obvious ways”. Biologists and philosophers of biology have suggested other categories : Hoffmeyer (2006), mentions a “semiotic niche”, which can be defined as an environment built by “semiotic artifacts”; he later stressed that the term “semiotic niches” embraces “the totality of signs or cues in the surroundings of an organism – signs that it must be able to meaningfully interpret to ensure its survival and welfare” (2008 : 13). Farina (2008) suggests a “semiotic landscape”, which differs from the Uexkullian concept of Umwelt, or “phenomenal world”, and focuses on that which is made available physically in the environment in the form of signals, information and affordances (opportunities for action); Hutchins (1999) proposes the term “mediating structures” to refer to representational entitites and processes whose manipulation confers new cognitive abilities and provides new problem spaces.
A niche develops and transforms over time. This transformation is often caused by ecosystem engineers (Jones et al. 1994) that alter their environment and ecosystem. Niche Construction Theory (Scott-Phillips et al. 2013; Odling-Smee et al. 2003) stresses the transformation of niches by organisms as having a major role in evolution, establishing a non-genetic system of inheritance that shapes selective pressures creating a feedback loop between organisms and niches. Examples include the construction of dams by beavers which reinforces an aquatic niche that selects for further adaptations fit for it (Pinker 2010 : 8995). In humans, examples include animal husbandry as basis for selection of lactose tolerance (Clark 2006 : 62).
We suggest that this biological evolutionary process can serve as a model for cultural evolution and meaning development, avoiding the main problems usually found in attempts to use Darwinian evolution as a metaphor for cultural evolution (see Gabora 2015). In this case, we are dealing with semiotic niche construction : interpreting minds (analogous to the organisms in ecological niche construction) act locally according to sets of opportunities and boundaries for the generation of meaning, their action frequently alters these sets, which in turn feedbacks into the interpretation activity and the mind. In other words, semioses depend on the availability of semiotic forms to generate interpretants through signs, and as semiotic activity transforms signs and semiotic forms, it evolves new interpretants.
The semiotic niche serve as the locus where semiotic forms are available as resources for semiosis. As we have seen, semiotic forms are embedded in the object of the sign (O in S-O-I). In our examples (above), the “event schema” is embedded in the energy dynamics of a musical passage, the “texture metaphor” is embedded in the rough-like qualities of a musical event and the “musical motion as motion in space” metaphor (in each of its three different possible instantiations) is embedded in the sequentiality of musical events. However, this may sound odd. How can an event schema be embedded in the energy dynamics of a musical passage? How can a texture metaphor be embedded in the qualities of a musical event? How can the musical motion as motion in space metaphor be embedded in the sequentiality of musical events? They are there not in the physical properties of musical passages and events per se, but in the role played by physical properties of musical passages and events to individual minds or communities of minds. A role which, because of niche construction with its feedback loop between minds and artifacts, constitutes the reasons and conditions for the musical passages and events to have semiotically evolved the way they did. That is, the “event schema”, the “texture metaphor” and the “musical motion is motion space” metaphor situatedness (“being there”) in musical passages and events is not only situatedness in an environment, but situatedness in a constructed niche.
V. Final Comments
Our approach suggests that examinations of musical meaning involve the following questions :
How the musical niche which the piece occupies is structured and shaped by musical artifacts?
What are the specific semiotic forms and features involved in the semiosis of the piece
How these forms and features act in the identified niche and how they participate in niche construction
This framework re-conceives dichotomies such as aural versus mimetic, sinesthetic versus pure, programatic versus absolute, concrete versus abstract as different strategies for establishing meaning relations (S-O-I) in music. These different strategies are situated in musical semiotic niches as semiotic forms that are developed in the process of niche construction. Following Peircean semiotics, we conceive musical meaning as a social-cognitive dynamic process. This process is context-dependent (situated), interpreter-dependent (dialogic), materially extended (embodied), and emphasizes process rather than product, development rather than finality.
With this framework in mind, musical meaning can be treated as system of relations between the signs (musical pieces themselves) and the semiotic forms which are part of semiotic (musical) niches but nevertheless are situated in the signs themselves because of niche construction. Since a semiotic form has the nature of a materially extended conditional proposition, the question of whether a certain quality of a musical piece is objectively present in the piece or is culturally constructed makes no sense anymore : it is objectively present in the piece because it is culturally constructed and vice-versa.
PEDRO ATÃ is a student at the Post-Graduate program in Languages, Culture, and Arts at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. He is a researcher of the Iconicity Research Group and assistant editor of the Commens Digital Companion to Charles S. Peirce. His interests include distributed cognition, semiotic theory of mind, creativity, and abduction.
JOÃO QUEIROZ is a professor at the Institute of Arts and Design, at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. He co-edited two special issues of the journal Semiotica : “Diagrammatical Reasoning and Peircean Logic Representations” (2011) and “Abductive Inference” (2005). He is co-editor of the Commens Digital Companion to Charles S. Peirce together with Mats Bergman and Sami Paavola. His academic interests include Peirce’s philosophy and semiotics, situated and embodied cognition, and abductive inference.
Following a scholarship tradition, Peirce’s works will be referred to as CP (followed by volume and paragraph number) for quotes from The Collected Papers of Charles S. Peirce (Peirce, 1866-1913); EP (followed by volume and page number) for quotes from The Essential Peirce (Peirce, 1893-1913); MS (followed by the number of the manuscript) for quotes from The Annotated Catalogue of the Papers of Charles S. Peirce; and SS (followed by page number) for quotes from Semiotic and Significs : The Correspondence between Charles S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby.
For further on categories, see Hookway (1985), Murphey (1993), Potter (1997).
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- HOFFMEYER, J. (2006) “Semiosis and Living Membranes”. In Advanced Issues on Cognitive Science and Semiotics. P. Farias & J. Queiroz (Eds.), Achen : Shaker Verlag : 19-36.
- HOOKWAY, C. (1985) Peirce. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- HOOKWAY, C. (2002) Truth, Rationality, and Pragmatism : Themes from Peirce. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
- HOUSER, N. (1997) “Introduction : Peirce as a Logician”. In Studies in the Logic of Charles Sanders Peirce. N. Houser, D. Roberts & J. Evra (Eds.), Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press : 1-22.
- HUTCHINS, E. (1999) “Cognitive Artifacts”. In The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. R.A. Wilson & F.C. Keil (Eds.), Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press : 126-7.
- JOHNSON, M. L., & LARSON, S. (2003) “Something in the Way She Moves : Metaphors of Musical Motion”. In Metaphor and Symbol (18) 2 : 63–84.
- JONES, C., LAWTON, J., & SHACHAK, M. (1994) “Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers”. In Oikos (69) : 373–386.
- KENDALL, G. S. (2010) “Meaning in Electroacoustic Music and the Everyday Mind”. In Organised Sound (15) 01 : 63-74.
- LAKOFF, G., & JOHNSON, M. L. (1980/2003). Metaphors we Live by. London : University of Chicago Press.
- LALAND, K. N., & O’BRIEN, M. J. (2011) “Cultural Niche Construction : An Introduction”. In Biological Theory (6) : 191–202.
- MURPHEY, M. (1993) The Development of Peirce’s Philosophy. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
- ODLING-SMEE, F. J., LALAND, K. N., & FELDMAN, M. W. (2003) Niche Construction. The Neglected Process in Evolution. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
- ODUM, E. P. (1959) Fundamentals of Ecology. Los Angeles : Saunders.
- PARKER, K. (1998) The Continuity of Peirce's Thought. Nashville : Vanderbilt University Press.
- PEIRCE, C.S. (1931-1958) Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, C. Hartshorne & P. Weiss (éd.), vol. 1-6, 1931-35 ; A. Burks (éd.), vol. 7-8, 1958.
- PEIRCE, C.S. (1967) Annotated Catalogue of the papers of Charles S. Peirce. Amherst-MS : University of Massachusetts. Robin, R. (Ed.) [References to manuscripts and letters by Charles S. Peirce – MS and L – are in accordance with this catalogue.]
- PEIRCE, C.S. (1977) Semiotic and Significs : The Correspondence between Charles S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby. Bloomington : Indiana University Press. Hardwick, C.S. (Ed.).
- PEIRCE, C.S. ([1893-1913] 1998) The Essential Peirce : Selected Philosophical Writings. Vol. II. Peirce Edition Project (Ed.). Bloomington & Indianapolis : Indiana University Press.
- PINKER, S. (2010) “The Cognitive Niche : Coevolution of Intelligence, Sociality, and Language”. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (107) : 8993–8999.
- POTTER, V. G. (1997 ) Charles S. Peirce : On Norms & Ideals. New York : Fordham University Press [The University of Massachusetts Press].
- QUEIROZ, J. & EL-HANI, C. N. (2006) “Semiosis as an Emergent Process”. In Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society (42) 1 : 78-116.
- QUEIROZ, J., EMMECHE, C., KULL, K., & EL-HANI, C. N. (2011) “The Biosemiotic Approach in Biology : Theoretical Bases and Applied Models”. In Information and Living Systems – philosophical and scientific perspectives. George Terzis & Rob Arp (Orgs.). Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT Press : 91-130.
- QUEIROZ, J., & MERRELL, F. (2009) “On Peirce’s Pragmatic Notion of Semiosis – A Contribution for the Design of Meaning Machines”. In Minds & Machines (19) : 129-143.
- SCOTT-PHILLIPS, T. C., LALAND, K. N., SHUKER, D. M., DICKINS, T. E., & WEST, S. A. (2013) “The Niche Construction Perspective : A Critical Appraisal”. In Evolution (68) 5 : 1231-1243.
- STERELNY, K. (2008) “Language and Niche Construction”. In From Fixed Signals to Contextually Free Communication : The Evolution of Complex Communication in Animals and Humans. U. Griebel & K. Oller (Eds.), Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press : 215-232. | <urn:uuid:18eb096b-76b2-40bf-a1b6-679a506b3350> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/rssi/2017-v37-n1-2-rssi03977/1051476ar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.873659 | 6,723 | 2.25 | 2 |
IIE is at the forefront of measuring the long-term impact of international scholarship and capacity-building programs focused on education and development. Our evaluations and impact studies approach impact in a holistic way, understanding the outcomes of key interventions on beneficiaries, communities, and policy and programming.
Since its founding in 1919, IIE has played a central role in conducting research on international student flows and policy issues in international education. IIE’s evaluation services are provided to facilitate the collection of more comprehensive and policy-relevant data on international education, and to assess the impact of international fellowship and scholarship programs. IIE innovative approaches include the use of mixed-methods approaches, longitudinal designs and alumni tracking. IIE has a deep understanding of the various program elements needed to bring about change at the individual, community, and societal level. IIE’s approach to evaluation and impact is distinctive in four ways: a unique approach to the analysis of individual and communal change, leadership, social networks, and the use of participatory approaches. IIE’s methodological approaches have been highlighted in various publications and conferences.
Linking Individual Transformations to Social Impact
A majority of evaluations focus on individual recipient outputs and outcomes. A useful methodology that maps individual to communal change comes from a revised model of Donald Kirkpatrick’s (1979; 1994) Four Levels of Evaluation. Kirkpatrick’s model describes the levels of impact that measure change resulting from an academic experience, ranging from a short-term training to a full degree program. The model outlines levels of change starting from the individual and proceeds to measure change at the institutional level.
The Kirkpatrick Model, as adapted by IIE
Harnessing the Power of Leaders
IIE has designed an IIE Leadership Matrix, to identify key competencies related to leadership development, including strategic thinking, effective communication, and the abilities to understand greater context, to motivate others and to drive results. This Matrix allows IIE to understand better the particular impact participants of leadership programs are having. IIE recently used the Leadership Matrix to evaluate the impact of two leadership development programs:
- For the Cargill Global Scholars Program (CGSP), where the Matrix was adapted to conduct a pre and post analysis of the leadership potential of 60 students from six countries: Brazil, China, Russia, India, Indonesia, and the United States.
- For the Higher Education Readiness (HER) program in Ethiopia, where the Matrix was translated into Amharic and adapted to high school level self-assessment.
Measuring the Impact of Networks
Recognizing that relationships can play an important role in program implementation and impact, IIE uses Social Network Analysis (SNA), to look into how program participants use their networks, new and old, to apply their learned skills and bring about change. SNA is a modern sociological tool used to identify the links between individuals in various social systems.
A sociogram depicts the social networks among scholars before and after a scholarship program. Circle size is larger for scholars with more connections. Each line is a connection between two scholars.
Ensuring Participants have a Voice
IIE uses innovative qualitative techniques to expand on outcomes and impacts beyond the individual scholarship experience. Participatory action research advocates for alternatives to traditional question-answer methods, using modes such as drawing to allow participants to express their transformation. This powerful tool can guide scholarship recipients through the transformative process of documenting change from the individual to the communal.
Importance of Learning
- After the evaluation of the Higher Education Readiness (HER) program identified parents/guardians’ education, leadership development training and mentoring as program components that needed improvements, the program staff added parental/guardian workshop to the activities, increased leadership training, and expanded mentoring to include inspirational local role models.
- Following the midterm evaluation of the Carnegie African Diaspora Fellowship Program (CADFP) which revealed low participation, lack of post-fellowship structure and guidance, and lack of alumni engagement of best practices, the program staff increased its outreach to higher education institutions, established a post-fellowship alumni awards, and created a formal social media platform for alumni communication.
Evaluating the impact of your international education programs? Work with us. | <urn:uuid:80a43804-816d-4d94-ab22-3371cbb6b501> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iie.org/Research-and-Insights/Evaluation-and-Impact-Studies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.922116 | 870 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Beautifully engraved certificate from the Emerson's Bromo- Seltzer Incorporated issued in 1930. This historic document was printed by Barton-Gillet Co. and has an ornate border around it with a vignette of the famous Bromo Selzer Building with the Maryland Glass Corporation and other landmarks in the background. This is the view you see in the Baltimore Orioles Baseball Stadium at Camden Yards. This item has the printed signature of the company's founder, Isaac E. Emerson as President and is over 55 years old.
In 1888, behind the prescription counter of a modest drugstore on East Pratt Street near Charles in Baltimore, Isaac E. Emerson first conceived the idea of the headache remedy. His background in chemistry and pharmacy led to the development of a granular effervescent salt he named "Bromo-Seltzer." Dispensing it to friends and customers at his drugstore,it soon became so successful that he abandoned his retail business to devote his time to the manufacture of his product. Eventually, he organized the Emerson Drug Company, incorporating it in Maryland in 1891. Bromo-Seltzer was first sold in blue glass bottles that were manufactured by the Cumberland Glass Company, of Bridgeton, New Jersey, although one source lists Hazel-Atlas as the bottle maker. As the demand for Bromo-Seltzer grew, Cumberland was unable to meet the demand for the bottles. Captain Emerson then asked Philip I. Heuisler, his vice-president in charge of manufacturing, to organize a glass factory to make the bottles. Acin light or dark blue glass. It is believed some were given to drugstores as premiums for ordering Bromo-Seltzer. Others were gifts to glass factory visitors who made a two-and-a-half hour tour of the plant for thirty cents. By 1928, the Bromo-Seltzer business, although larger than ever before, represented only about twenty-five percent of the total manufacturing capacity of Maryland Glass. In the decades following, Maryland Glass continued to expand and, by 1964, the firm employed some seven hundred people who worked around the clock, turning out approximately one million glass bottles and jars each day. The company became the leading producer of blue glassware in the world. FIZZIES® was also invented by Emerson Drug Company. The idea derived from scientists working with chemical formulas similar to "Bromo Seltzer" and wondering if a fun, fruit flavored drink could be developed the same way. "Wouldn't it be grand if we could drop a tablet in a glass of water and have an instant soda pop?" After long hard work, they finally figured out how to combine the right combinations of fruit flavoring, sweetener, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (a substance that is much like baking soda) into a magical tablet that when dropped into water, turned water into an instant sparkling, effervescent fruit drink! In 1956, Maryland Glass, together with its parent company, Emerson Drug, merged with Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Company, of Morris Plains, New Jersey. The Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Company is now part of Pfizer. Captain Isaac E. Emerson Captain Isaac Edward Emerson, the son of farmer Robert J. Emerson, was born Chatham County, North Carolina in 1859. He graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1879, later spending time as an instructor in chemistry there. During the time he was establishing his business, Captain Emerson also led his own naval force during the Spanish-American War. In 1894, he formed the Maryland Naval Reserves and, by 1898, provided the entire crew for the United States Ship Dixie. Comissioned a Lieutenant, he received his rank as Captain after the war. Emerson was considered a pioneer among America's businessmen because he realized the importance of advertising. At the time of his death in 1937, he had accumulated an estate of $20 million, owning the controlling stock in four corporations: Emerson's Bromo-Seltzer, Inc.; the Emerson Drug Corporation; the Maryland Glass Corporation and the Emerson Hotel. His home at Brooklandwood, the Green Spring Valley estate in Maryland, was considered a showplace. Among his other properties, he owned a summer villa at Narragansett Pier and thousands of acres of hunting preserves in South Carolina. He and his daughter Margaret (whose second husband, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt lost his life when the Lusitania was torpedoed) were interested in breeding horses. Captain Emerson also owned two yachts, which he used for long cruises and around-the-world trips. He and his second wife, Mrs. Anne Preston McCormack Emerson, were widely known in American and European society. The Bromo-Seltzer Tower Building Situated at the comer of South Eutaw and West Lombard Streets, the Bromo-Seltzer Tower Building has been a landmark in Baltimore since the early part of this century. A former Maryland resident recalls hearing that Captain Emerson modelled the tower after one he had seen in Florence, Italy. Certainly, a comparison with the Palazzo Vecchio, by architect Arnolfo di Cambio, confirms the resemblance. Although the tower is fourteen stories high, the top story is numbered fifteen because there is no floor numbered thirteen. According to an earlier newspaper account, the flashing light on the huge revolving Bromo-Seltzer bottle atop the tower served as a guide to aviators flying the night mail. It could be seen from trains arriving in the city. In 1935, the bottle was taken down, after twenty-five years of dominating that part of the Baltimore scene. The base upon which it stood was disintegrating. The outer covering was burned and its framework sold as twenty tons of scrap metal. The Arts Tower Committee reopened the Tower Building in 1973 as an arts and crafts center. An adjoining part of the building is presently used as a firehouse. A decision was made only recently to preserve the landmark building, now dwarfed by larger office buildings in the area. | <urn:uuid:ecf4de54-bfd8-4183-917c-5a311b338cf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scripophily.net/emersons-bromo-seltzer-famous-bromo-selzer-building-vignette-baltimore-maryland-1930/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972506 | 1,249 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Drinking a well-aged wine is an unparalleled experience for the senses – and that’s no recent discovery. The Ancient Greeks and Romans were well aware of the potential of aged wine, with archaeologists uncovering evidence of wines stored in sealed earthenware for many years in both civilisations. There’s even a passage in the Bible – Luke 5:39 – that notes the value of older wines compared to their younger counterparts.
But not all wines are made to be matured. In fact, most wines – more than 95% – are not meant age, and storing them in even the most pristine cellaring conditions will result only in a sealed bottle of vinegar. So what does makes for an age-worthy wine?
Determining whether or not a wine will last is not an exact science, but there are four traits oenophiles generally look for to determine aging potential.
- Acidity: Wine loses acidity over time, so those with higher acidity tend to last longer.
- Tannin: A wine with well-balanced tannins will ‘smooth out’ over time as they break down, so those with higher tannins tend to age better. A note of caution, though: if the wine is not well-balanced to begin with it will never improve over time.
- Alcohol: Alcohol’s role in aging is something of an enigma. In most cases, it’s the primary catalyst that causes a wine to break down, and yet it also acts as a stabiliser in higher amounts. As such, wines below 13.5% ABV or above 15% (as is the case for fortified wines and some dry whites) have better aging potential.
- Sugar: Residual sugar is an oft-overlooked component because of the popularity of aging dry wines. However, the longest-lived wines tend to be sweet varieties, such as Sauternes and Riesling.
The technique, style and even geographical location of a winemaker can have a big impact on a wine’s aging potential. Before buying, look into the producer’s history – a healthy track record of solid winemaking and multiple successful vintages is usually a good indication that they know what they’re doing. Inexperienced winemakers with little understanding of oenology are not well-positioned to create long-lasting wines.
It’s also important to look at the vintage in particular. Wine that is produced in a cooler climate typically ages better than wine from a warmer region, but even if the wine comes from a cooler area, a particularly warm vintage can affect its aging potential. These so-called ‘hot vintages’ will taste phenomenal early on, but can quickly lose acidity due to the way the grapes have ripened.
Red wines typically need longer to reach maturity than whites, although beyond this there are no hard and fast rules about which grapes will age the best. Much of it will depend on the wine’s structure, its producer and, of course, the way that it’s stored – you may well have a wine absolutely ripe for the aging but if it’s not stored correctly it will never reach its potential.
However, here’s a very over-simplified look at reds:
- Nebbiolo – around 20 years
- Aglianico – around 20 years
- Cabernet Sauvignon – 10-20 years
- Tempranillo – 10-20 years
- Sangiovese – 7-17 years
- Merlot – 7-17 years
- Syrah – 5-15 years
- Pinot Noir – around 10 years (although longer for Burgundies)
- Malbec – 10 years
- Zinfandel – 5 years
And a very simplified look at whites:
- White Rioja – 10-15 years
- Chardonnay – around 10 years (longer for Burgundies)
- Trebbiano – 8 years
- Semillon – 7 years (although longer for Bordeaux)
- Sauvignon Blanc – 4 years
- Viognier – 4 years
- Muscadet – 3 years
- Pinot Gris – 3 years
Sweet wines, however, have some of the longest runways to age of all. Hungarian Tokaji could reasonably be expected to age for up to 30 years, while Riesling and French Sauternes could age for between 15 and 25 years.
How it tastes now
Wines that are likely to do well in the cellar are usually described as ‘tight’ or ‘closed’ in their infancy, due to the amount of tannin and acidity in their structure. So as a rough rule of thumb, if a wine tastes perfect right now, that probably means it should be drunk right now. | <urn:uuid:12bc1a30-e1c5-4744-a629-3bd2ed734894> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wineinvestment.com/hk/learn/magazine/2019/11/which-wines-have-the-best-aging-potential/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.947522 | 1,032 | 2.390625 | 2 |
It's official: The temperatures are falling. So what coulld be better for dinner than a bowl of barley mushroom rissotto.
The forecast is for freezing rain today. It’s official, fall is falling (along with the temperatures) and I know when I get home tonight I’m going to want something warm waiting for me. I choose soup, and more specifically, mushroom and barley soup.
What most people don’t realize is that barley is one of the oldest grains on the planet and as a super healthy food, it also wins for the highest fiber content of all the whole grains.
Barley’s been on the menu for a long time but it’s not native to the new world; it first arrived in America with good old Chris Columbus. It was used for food and fodder for stock but didn’t really catch on as a money maker for farmers until the English and Scandinavian settlers decided they wanted to start making beer, ale and lager like they did in the old country.
Barley has a mildly sweet nutty-earthy taste. Pearled barley is the kind you’ll probably find at your neighborhood grocery and is the easiest to prepare. A great alternative is using whole grain barley. It’s a bit more robust and less processed and has more fiber but it does take a bit longer.
Before cooking your barley, rinse it thoroughly and then cook 1 part barley to 31⁄2 cups boiling water or broth. Bring the liquid to a boil, add the barley, reduce to a simmer, and cover and cook about an hour, until done.
Barley notes: Surprisingly, barley has gluten so anyone with celiac disease beware.
Note: 1 cup of raw barley is equal to 3 to 4 cups cooked.
Barley Mushroom Risotto
6 cups vegetable broth
11⁄2 cups water
2 Tbsps. olive oil
1 small onion, minced
2 tsps. minced garlic
3 cups mixed wild mushrooms, coarsely chopped
11⁄2 cups pearl barley, rinsed
1⁄2 cup red wine
6 cups baby arugula or spinach
1⁄3 cup freshly grated Parmesan cheese
1 Tbsp. butter
2 tsps. balsamic vinegar
freshly ground pepper, to taste
In a large saucepan, combine the broth and water. Bring to a boil then reduce to simmer.
Heat oil in a large sauce pan. Add onion and garlic and cook, stirring, until the onion is soft, about 2 minutes. Add the mushrooms and cook, stirring, until they begin to release their juices, 2 to 3 minutes.
Add the barley and cook, stirring, for 1 minute. Add the wine and simmer, stirring, until most of the liquid has evaporated, about 1 minute more. Reduce heat to medium.
Add 1⁄2 cup hot broth to the barley and cook, stirring, until most of the liquid has been absorbed. Continue adding 1⁄2 cup hot broth at a time and stirring until the liquid has been absorbed after each addition, adjusting the heat to maintain a gentle simmer, until the barley is tender and creamy but still somewhat firm, 35 to 45 minutes. (You might not use all the broth.)
Stir in the arugula or spinach and cook, stirring, until it is wilted, about 1 minute. Remove from the heat. Stir in cheese, butter and vinegar. Season with pepper. | <urn:uuid:d86d31f6-f778-46a5-9a82-9a7be82b3360> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jewishexponent.com/2013/12/03/something-warm-waiting-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.929195 | 733 | 1.5 | 2 |
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• Understand the big picture of space exploration, including the history of spaceflight, organizations doing work in space, and the overall space environment.
• Understand how spacecraft, rockets, and launch vehicles are designed and built.
• Understand the latest advances in space technology.
• Explore career opportunities in aviation and space.
• Develop time management skills, organizational skills, writing and communication skills, and other necessary skills needed in an online learning environment
Summer Academy dates for 2022:
Week 1: June 25- July 1, 2022
Week 2: July 16 – July 22, 2022
Week 3: July 30 – August 5, 2022
Completing the online course does not guarantee a slot into the Summer Academy. We would love to be able to offer the Summer Academy to every scholar who completes the program. However, space and funding limit our capabilities. Students will be informed by email if they are accepted for the summer academy in early May 2022.
Students selected to attend the summer will be staying in the University of Eastern Shore dormitory. Students check-in on Saturday and leave on Friday after the closing ceremony. Students will be sharing a college dorm room and food allergies will be addressed. Students spend their days at NASA Wallops Flight Facility working with mentors and NASA staff to develop a NASA scientific mission. Students must be US citizens or a legal permanent resident to attend the summer academy.
Please see parent information below about what to bring, transportation and food at UMES. There is no cost for the summer academy.
Please click on the following links to learn more about your student attending the summer academy.
For information about traveling to UMES or the Visitor center please click here
For more information about what your student should bring to the summer academy please click Academy What to Bring Checklist
What is on the Menu at UMES Please click here
August 15, 2021: Online course opens
October 17, 2021: Application deadline
November 8, 2021: Module 1 opens
A printable flyer for the Virginia Space Coast program can be found here.
The direct link to the course site can be found here.
Links to videos and photographs from the 2021 Summer Academies:
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No posts were found. | <urn:uuid:d3b4e8c7-b706-4cf8-a644-a7950da30638> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vsgc.odu.edu/spacecoast/summeracademy-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.927462 | 466 | 2.15625 | 2 |
How Not to Be Governed
Readings and Interpretations from a Critical Anarchist Left
How Not to Be Governed explores the contemporary debates and questions concerning anarchism in our own time. The authors address the political failures of earlier practices of anarchism, and the claim that anarchism is impracticable, by examining the anarchisms that have been theorized and practiced in the midst of these supposed failures. The auth...
First Published in 2010 | <urn:uuid:3dfb36b5-bab1-4af8-93b5-3bd63a5b2385> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.readthistwice.com/book/how-not-to-be-governed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.887018 | 135 | 1.578125 | 2 |
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Some significant time spent with the accounts of the Flood in Moses and Genesis offer insights and cautions for all of us.
The Wickedness of the Earth and What God Did About It
- As the wickedness of men began to increase in the earth (see Moses 5:55; 6:15, etc.), the Lord did what he always does: he called prophets and missionaries to declare repentance
“And the Lord said unto me: Go to this people, and say unto them—Repent, lest I come out and smite them with a curse, and they die” (Moses 7:10).
- Enoch defended his people with such power, and the Lord acted with such miraculous demonstrations of power that the wicked were terrified.
“There also came up a land out of the depth of the sea, and so great was the fear of the enemies of the people of God, that they fled and stood afar off and went upon the land which came up out of the depth of the sea” (Moses 7:14) .
1 Nephi 19:11, D&C 43:25,26, and D&C 88:89-91 describe the preaching that can come when people refuse to listen to the voice of the Spirit.
- Those who repented following the translation of Zion (the City of Enoch) were also translated, freeing them from the effects of indiscriminate iniquity.
“And Enoch beheld angels descending out of heaven, bearing testimony of the Father and Son; and the Holy Ghost fell on many, and they were caught up by the powers of heaven into Zion” (Moses 7:27).
- God wept when he beheld the wickedness of men on the earth.
“And it came to pass that the God of heaven looked upon the residue of the people, and he wept; and Enoch bore record of it, saying: How is it that the heavens weep, and shed forth their tears as the rain upon the mountains? And Enoch said unto the Lord: How is it that thou canst weep, seeing thou art holy, and from all eternity to all eternity?” (Moses 7:28,29).
- The language of Moses 8:17 suggests that even in the midst of rampant wickedness, the Spirit continued to labor with men and women.
“And the Lord said unto Noah: My Spirit shall not always strive with man, for he shall know that all flesh shall die; yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years; and if men do not repent, I will send in the floods upon them” (Moses 8:17).
- Noah was the final witness, and preached for 120 years (see Moses 8:17). This seems to have been a time when nobody was repenting. If they were, they must have been caught up to the city of Zion, but the record is silent regarding this matter during the peaching of the Prophet Noah.
“And the Lord ordained Noah after his own order, and commanded him that he should go forth and declare his Gospel unto the children of men, even as it was given unto Enoch . . . And it came to pass that Noah continued his preaching unto the people, saying: Hearken, and give heed unto my words; Believe and repent of your sins and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, even as our fathers, and ye shall receive the Holy Ghost, that ye may have all things made manifest; and if ye do not this, the floods will come in upon you; nevertheless they hearkened not” (Moses 8:19, 23,24).
- It appears that the Lord tried a lesser catastrophe, perhaps in an effort to encourage repentance before utter destruction became necessary. In Helaman 11, in the midst of a great war of destruction, Nephi prayed for a famine, hoping that the people might be induced to repent before they were destroyed by war.
“And so it was done, according to the words of Nephi. And there was a great famine upon the land, among all the people of Nephi. And thus in the seventy and fourth year the famine did continue, and the work of destruction did cease by the sword but became sore by famine . . . And it came to pass that the people saw that they were about to perish by famine, and they began to remember the Lord their God; and they began to remember the words of Nephi” (Hel 11:5,7).
In the days of Methuselah, Noah’s grandfather, a similar thing happened:
“And there came forth a great famine into the land, and the Lord cursed the earth with a sore curse, and many of the inhabitants thereof died” (Moses 8:4).
This catastrophe clearly did not curtail the rising tide of wickedness on the planet.
God’s Protection of the Righteous
- God endowed Enoch with sufficient power to protect them from their enemies.
“And so great was the faith of Enoch that he led the people of God, and their enemies came to battle against them; and he spake the word of the Lord, and the earth trembled, and the mountains fled, even according to his command; and the rivers of water were turned out of their course; and the roar of the lions was heard out of the wilderness; and all nations feared greatly, so powerful was the word of Enoch, and so great was the power of the language which God had given him” (Moses 7:13).
- He came and dwelt with his people.
“And from that time forth there were wars and bloodshed among them; but the Lord came and dwelt with his people, and they dwelt in righteousness” (Moses 7:16).
- The glory of the Lord was upon his people.
“The fear of the Lord was upon all nations, so great was the glory of the Lord, which was upon his people. And the Lord blessed the land, and they were blessed upon the mountains, and upon the high places, and did flourish” (Moses 7:17).
- He allowed them to become a Zion Society.
“And the Lord called his people ZION, because they were of one heart and one mind, and dwelt in righteousness; and there was no poor among them” (Moses 7:18).
- He took them away from the wicked world.
“And it came to pass that the Lord showed unto Enoch all the inhabitants of the earth; and he beheld, and lo, Zion, in process of time, was taken up into heaven. And the Lord said unto Enoch: Behold mine abode forever” (Moses 7:21).
Nine Reasons for the Flood
After all earlier attempts to bring men to repentance had failed and the righteous had been removed to a place of safety, the Lord cleansed the earth by water. The scriptures suggest eight things that were happening on the earth that led to this cataclysm. A ninth condition leading to the flood was suggested by President John Taylor.
- It appears that organized iniquity had gained such a hold on the earth that it was impossible for the righteous to live in peace except through the intervention of divine power.
“And in those days there were giants on the earth, and they sought Noah to take away his life; but the Lord was with Noah, and the power of the Lord was upon him” (Moses 8:18).
- The daughters of Noah’s sons, “the sons of God,” began to marry the “sons of men,” that is, they married out of the covenant. Thus the possibility of a righteous seed being preserved in the earth became less and less likely.
“And Noah and his sons hearkened unto the Lord, and gave heed, and they were called the sons of God. And when these men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, the sons of men saw that those daughters were fair, and they took them wives, even as they chose. And the Lord said unto Noah: The daughters of thy sons have sold themselves; for behold mine anger is kindled against the sons of men, for they will not hearken to my voice” (Moses 8:13-15).
- Wickedness was everywhere. Everyone was drenched in evil.
“And God saw that the wickedness of men had become great in the earth; and every man was lifted up in the imagination of the thoughts of his heart, being only evil continually” (Moses 8:22).
- Genesis and Moses show us that as a result of this evil, the world was spiraling into anarchy. Things are almost always bad somewhere. But we are not shown corruption in some places nor violence in some cities or nations. In the days of Noah things were bad everywhere.
“The earth . . . was filled with violence. And God said unto Noah: The end of all flesh is come before me, for the earth is filled with violence, and behold I will destroy all flesh from off the earth” (Moses 8:28,30).
- The word “corrupt” has synonyms such as spoiled, contaminated, or My dictionary defines the word as meaning “morally unsound or debased.”
“And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt, for all flesh had corrupted its way upon the earth” (Moses 8:29)
- God showed Enoch the state of the world after the translation of Zion but before the flood. Darkness reigned and Hell rejoiced
“And he beheld Satan; and he had a great chain in his hand, and it veiled the whole face of the earth with darkness; and he looked up and laughed, and his angels rejoiced” (Moses 7:26).
This laughter, this Satanic rejoicing in the face of rampant wickedness and impending destruction was repeated in the Book of Mormon. This report comes from the time just following the destructions in America, during the three days of darkness.
“Wo, wo, wo unto this people; wo unto the inhabitants of the whole earth except they shall repent; for the devil laugheth, and his angels rejoice, because of the slain of the fair sons and daughters of my people; and it is because of their iniquity and abominations that they are fallen!” (3 Nephi 9:2).
- The ultimate purpose of the adversary is to “disrupt, disturb, and destroy the home and the family” (Boyd K. Packer, “The Father and the Family,” Ensign, May 1994, 19). Note what the following passage suggests about Satan’s success in this matter in the days of Noah:
“And unto thy brethren have I said, and also given commandment, that they should love one another, and that they should choose me, their Father; but behold, they are without affection, and they hate their own blood” (Moses 7:33)
- Of course the Lord has created worlds without number, and peopled them with his own children. But this world became unusual because of the iniquity preceding the flood.
“I can stretch forth mine hands and hold all the creations which I have made; and mine eye can pierce them also, and among all the workmanship of mine hands there has not been so great wickedness as among thy brethren” (Moses 7:36).
Regarding this wickedness Brigham Young said,
“We are inhabitants of a world of sin and sorrow; pain and anguish, every ill that can be heaped upon intelligent beings in a probation we are heirs to. I suppose that God never organized an earth and peopled it that was ever reduced to a lower state of darkness, sin and ignorance than this. I suppose this is one of the lowest kingdoms that ever the Lord Almighty created, and on that account is capable of becoming exalted to be one of the highest kingdoms that has ever had an exaltation in all the eternities. In proportion as it has been reduced so it will be exalted, with that portion of its inhabitants who in their humiliation have cleaved to righteousness and acknowledged God in all things” (Journal of Discourses, X. 175).
- The final cause of the flood takes us to the other side of the veil. There were billions of spirit children there, waiting and anxious for the blessings of bodies and mortality. But as they peered through the veil at the condition of the world they were to be sent to, they had understandable concerns.
“Let us go back to the time when Satan rebelled against the Almighty and drew away one-third of the hosts of heaven. We find that there were pure spirits that stood that test and who had given to them the promise of bodies on this earth. Let us suppose that you and I were there as spirits, awaiting the privilege of taking bodies, and that we could see the wickedness and corruption that was going on upon the earth, and that we could see Prophets going about teaching the principles of righteousness and warning the people of judgments that should come, of the flood that should overwhelm them and of the prisons prepared in which the ungodly should be cast. And we say, “Father, you see the people on the earth that they are wicked and depraved, fallen and corrupt! Yes. Is it right and just that we who have done no wrong should have to enter into such corrupt bodies and partake of the influences with which they are surrounded?” “No,” says the Father, “it is not just, and I will cut them off, I will cause the floods to come upon them to destroy them, and I will send those wicked and disobedient spirits into prison,” which he did” (John Taylor, JD XXII, 301-302).
If we had been there (and we were) awaiting birth, we would have been troubled about the prospect of being sent into a world without a single source of divine light where everyone was only evil continually; a world filled with violence; a place where everybody was corrupt.
Hugh Nibley observed:
There comes a time when the general defilement of a society becomes so great that the rising generation is put under undue pressure and cannot be said to have a fair choice between the way of light and the way of darkness. When such a point is reached the cup of iniquity is full, and the established order that has passed the point of no return and neither can nor will change its ways must be removed physically and forcibly if necessary from the earth, whether by war, plague, famine, or upheavals of nature (Mormon 2:13-15) (Collected Works of Hugh Nibley, Vol.6, Part.5, Ch.11, p.140). | <urn:uuid:9c8c7643-d74e-43c8-9ba2-608619c8ab16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ldsmag.com/what-we-can-learn-from-the-great-flood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.976332 | 3,170 | 2.78125 | 3 |
CANINE GOOD CITIZEN
A good place to start showing is American Kennel Club's program,
Canine Good Citizen. Dogs, like you need to be good citizens and just like
people they aren't born with good manners, they learn them. Chihuahuas need
to learn when it is ok to bounce around and when it's not. They need to stop
barking when asked. They need to learn not to jump up on your friends.
They need to learn to come when called, which in some cases might protect
them from running out into the road or towards an unfriendly dog. A Canine
Good Citizen chihuahua is a joy to live with.
There are 10 short exercises that you will need to teach your chihuahua in
order that he/she can receive a official CGC title for AKC:
1. Accepting A Friendly Stranger
2. Sitting Politely For Petting
3. Appearance And Grooming
4. Walking On A Loose Lead
5. Walking Through A Crowd
6. Sit, Down and Stan On Command
7. Coming When Called
8. Reaction To Another Dog
9. Reaction To Distractions
A Dog Show is kind of like a "beauty" contest. It is a place
where one can take their chihuahua and have a judge evaluate how their chihuahua
conforms to the breed standard. The chihuahua breed standard is a detailed
description of what the ideal chihuahua should look like and is approved
by AKC's board of directors. Your chihuahua must be at least 6 months old
to compete. In the show ring a few of the things a judge will be looking
for in your chihuahua is:
1. It's general appearance
2. It's expression
3. It's structure according to the AKC chihuahua standard
4. How it moves
5. How it performs
FIVE LEVELS OF COMPETITION
FIRST LEVEL: The Chihuahuas are separated by gender (male
and female) and variety (smoothcoats and longcoats) in the following classes:
6-9 puppy, 9-12 puppy, 12-18 months, Novice, Bred By Exhibitor, American
Bred and Open.
SECOND LEVEL: All class winners then go into the Winners class for bitches
or Winners class for dogs. From all the male class winners one is selected
to be the WINNER DOG. From all the female class winners one is selected to
be the WINNER BITCH. Those two winners are the only ones that receive AKC
THIRD LEVEL: At this level the competition becomes stiffer than ever. Now
the class winners will compete against AKC champions for Best Of Variety,
Best Opposite Sex and Best Of Winners. If the Best Of Variety is a
male....the Best Of Opposite Sex has to be a female. Then the judge chooses
between the Winners male and Winners female for Best Of Winners.
FOURTH LEVEL: As you read earlier there are 7 GROUPS. Both the Best of Variety
Smoothcoat and the Best of Variety Longcoat will now compete against all
the dogs in the TOY Group. At the conclusion of this judging, the judge will
award four Group Placements. The Toy winning the Group I goes on to the next
level of competition.
FIFTH LEVEL: This is the last level and the most exciting! Now the 7 dogs
that received a Group I will compete against each other. The first
place winner at this level is awarded BEST IN SHOW!!!
- first place
RED - second place
YELLOW - third place
WHITE - fourth place
PURPLE - Winners Dog And Winners Bitch
and highly coveted!
PURPLE and WHITE
- Reserve Winners and runners-up
BLUE and WHITE
- Best of Winners; the better of the Winners Dog and Winners Bitch
YELLOW - awarded to the dog judged "Best
of Breed" and allows advancement to the Group competition.
RED and WHITE
- Best of Opposite Sex
BLUE - It is given to the ultimate award
winner, the Best In Show.
Assuming you have bought your first AKC "show" prospect,
the first order of business would be to visit a dog show and see if showing
is something you'd like to be involved with. Showing dogs has been a great
family sport for us, but it can be very costly and time consuming, so be
prepared. If you do not wish to handle your dog yourself, or have a friend
or family member do it, you may contact a professional handler, who charges
a fee for showing your dog.The breeder you buy your "show" prospect should
be able to help you understand how to train your puppy for show, what leashes
to use and now to socialize your puppy. Next you will need to find out where
the dog shows are to be held. Here are a few that will get you started. Click
each one and look at their upcoming shows.
When visiting the dog shows, you can approach the people
of the breed you are interested in AFTER they are finished grooming and showing
the dogs. Some have been known to be quite short with you if you approach
them while they are either preparing their dogs or about to enter the
ring. There is plenty of time to talk to them. In the meantime just politely
ask what time they will be showing the breed you are interested in and what
ring number. If they look too busy, you can ask someone where the Superintendent
Desk is. The Superintendent will be more than happy to give you the times
and ring numbers.
However tempting, do not pet a dog without asking for permission first. The
dog may have just been groomed in preparation for being judged. If you bring
a baby stroller to a dog show, be careful that you do not run over any dog's
tail, and that your child does not grab or poke the dogs it can reach. Avoid
having them near ring entrances, which are especially crowded. Some shows
prohibit baby strollers.
Legend's Safely Thru The Storm
Sire: Ch Legend's In The Beginning
Dam: Legend's Put A Lid On It
Breeder Owner: Barbara & Rick Davis
Judge: Ms Neena L Van Camp
Pictured is her first win, a 4 pt major.
On the 2nd day she got a 5 pt major, by going
by going BOS over a champion.
DRESS FOR THE HANDLER
When showing your dog you want to wear something that will
compliment your dog. Something that will draw the judge to the beauty of
your dog and bring the best out in your dog. If you have a light colored
dog, wear dark clothes. If you have a dark dog, wear light clothes. If you
have a spotted dog, you might want to wear solid colors.
WHAT TO BRING
You will need to bring your leads, crate to transport your
dog to and from ringside, exercise pen, water, water bowl, bait, napkin (doggie
accidents do happen in the ring) grooming tools (brush, comb and thinning
shears to name a few), grooming table, pen (to mark your catalog) and
GETTING TO THE SHOW
Go to http://www.mapquest.com and get proper the directions
to the show. Allow plenty of time for getting lost or driving around trying
to find a parking place. Also bring cash for parking, which can be from $3.00
WHAT TO DO ONCE PARKED
Set up your exercise pen and allow your chihuahua to do his
*thing* -- sure don't want that to happen in the ring!
After grooming your chihuahua, you might want to put the lead on him and
walk him around the parking area. If time permits take him into the building
and find the ring you will be showing in. This is also a time to get him
accustomed to the sound and excitement. Next you need to get your arm band!
Before showing your dog always make sure the AKC registration number listed
in the catalog is in fact your dogs. Also make sure you dog is listed
in the correct class, the correct variety and the correct sex. If not, go
to the superintendent desk and have it corrected, prior to show time. Mistakes
can be made. Sometimes it's our mistake, sometimes it's the printer of the
catalogs and sometimes it's the superintendent mistake. But the ultimate
mistake will be yours if you do not double check it prior to entering that
ring with the wrong information. Once you enter that ring, changes cannot
After winning, always check your arm band number in the judges book at the
end of the day. Judges have been known to put the wrong arm band number down
in the judges book too. You can find the judges sheets at the superintendents
The American Kennel Club requires a dog to obtain a total of 15 points with
two major wins (a major win is worth three points or higher) to become a
champion. The majors must be won under different judges and at least one
other judge must award some of the remaining points - so you need to win
under at least three different judges.
This AKC certificate will be mailed to you from AKC when your chihuahua has
reached his required amount of points.
Which Is Best
For You, Puppy Or Adult?
Two Separate Varieties,
LC and SC
What's Underneath That Bundle
A Bit Of Chihuahua
So You Want To Breed?
To Tape Or Not To Tape
Getting Around The Dog Shows
Show Training Begins At
Is Teacup The Correct
Chihuahua Growth Chart | <urn:uuid:34a78729-8de9-4d7c-b573-3cfff81d34d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.legendchi.com/showing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.936326 | 2,198 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Interleukin 10 (IL-10), a cytokine with inhibitory activity on inflammation and cell -mediated immune responses (CMIR), holds enormous potential for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In addition, IL-10 has also been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of a number of infectious diseases through the use of IL-10 knock-out or IL-10 transgenic mouse models. In this review, we delineate infectious and inflammatory conditions in which IL-10 has shown potential for therapeutic manipulation. Specifically, we review the role of IL-10 in human endotoxemia/sepsis and in HIV infection, conditions for which preliminary phase I trials have recently been undertaken. It is suggested that the therapeutic potential of IL-10 to selectively ameliorate human infectious and inflammatory processes can be realized through a careful selection of the clinical conditions in which patients are undergoing concomitant treatment with anti-microbial regimens. | <urn:uuid:003d5009-6714-4006-9e12-60376607ff5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://psjd.icm.edu.pl/psjd/element/bwmeta1.element.element-from-psjc-ce797e6c-22b6-3fb4-8741-8aad89c0fb12?printView=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.937239 | 190 | 2.265625 | 2 |
By Sierra Dawn Stoneberg Holt
On the Ground
- Many people believe grazing management is vital to ecosystem health. Others feel ecosystems are only healthy when nature takes its course. The Great Plains bison population of the early 1800s supposedly supports the superiority of goal-free grazing management.
- By 1883, bison were virtually extinct, and hunting is usually blamed. However, records indicate that hunters killed less than the annual increase each year. Evidence implicates disease and habitat degradation instead.
- Comparing Allan Savory’s observations in Africa, Lewis and Clark’s observations in eastern Montana, and Blackfoot history, indications are the bison disappearance was perhaps triggered by the loss of intelligent human management.
The Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde of Range Management
I love data. I love counting and measuring and estimating and transects. But sometimes, in resource management, we need to take three steps back from the data and take a hard, new look at the instincts, emotions, biases, intuitions, myths, folklore, and common sense that play such a critical role in how resource management is practiced and perceived.
Range management suffers a Dr Jekyll/Mr Hyde dichotomy. On one hand, society is deeply invested in the idea that range management is positive. How many government agencies have how many people spending how much money year after year instituting and disseminating range manage- ment practices? How many universities have how many instructors with how many research projects and how many tax dollars teaching range management to class after class and developing newer and better ways to manage range?
Everything from soil erosion to noxious weeds to sage- grouse welfare is believed to hinge on range management.
And at the same time, society is just as strongly invested in the opposite viewpoint, that the finest management is that of Mother Nature, unsullied by human involvement. From this perspective, every single one of those hours and dollars and educations and careers is a waste of time and resources and directly harmful to the environment.
Where I live, this perspective is represented by the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, which changed from rotated to continuous grazing because water developments and fences are unnatural. It is represented by the American Prairie Reserve, which is petitioning the Bureau of Land Management to let it remove interior fences and abandon its grazing plan. It is represented by Yellowstone National Park, whose bison herd ballooned to over an order of magnitude above official carrying capacity when “natural herd manage- ment” was instituted.
In Gardeners of Eden: Rediscovering our Importance to Nature, Dan Dagget1 labeled this perspective the Leave-It- Alone assumption. He characterized it by a comment he heard an Earth First!er make to a rancher, “There’s only one thing you can do to make this place better. You can leave. Because if you stay, no matter what you do to the land, no matter how good you make it look, it will be unnatural and therefore bad. And if you leave, whatever happens to this place, even if it becomes as bare as a parking lot, it will be natural and therefore good” (p.18). Later, Dagget states, “The Great Plains of North America with their huge herds of bison are offered as… proof of the effectiveness of the Leave-It-Alone approach. As the story goes, the wild and free bison were hunted by Indians who were too few to keep the Great Plains from becoming one of the most biologically productive habitats the earth has ever produced and one of the greatest successes of the Leave-It-Alone approach” (p. 22).
Dagget’s thesis1 that Leave-It-Alone’s opinion of Original Americans is, “when it comes to how they managed the environment, the thing most of us value about those peoples is the perception that there were so few of them they couldn’t really mess things up. In other words, we value them for being a failure, because that’s what most of us assume they were” (p.135) may seem unnecessarily harsh. However, in his encyclopedic, 602-page indictment of management, Waste of the West: Public Lands Ranching, Lynn Jacobs2 (p. 9) states, “Although (Native Americans) exerted many influences on their environment, as a whole they had an incomparably less destructive impact than those who would follow. Perhaps this was largely because they had lesser means to exploit and destroy.”
Now biology is big and messy and mysterious. It is possible both viewpoints are simultaneously true, that good range management is absolutely critical to the health of rangelands and that, at the exact same time, good range management is entirely superfluous and the best range manager is the one that stays as far from the range as possible and never influences it in any way.
But if that is not the case, then a lack of managers should have either catastrophic or exceptional results, and we should hopefully be able to tell the difference.
The Question: A Mathematical Curiosity
American bison nearly went extinct. On 1 January 1889, there were 456 known to exist (p. 464).3 They are believed to have descended from approximately 171 separate individuals (calculated from Hornaday3 and Stermitz Ricketts4).
What caused that near-extinction? Everyone knows: hunting. According to Ocean of Grass: A Conservation Assessment for the Northern Great Plains, by the World Wildlife Fund (p. 11–13),5 “[Bison] numbers… totaled some 30 million or more. Others have placed the number much higher, generally around 65 million. A recent estimate based on forage productivity estimated historic bison carrying capacity at between 21–88 million… By the mid-19th century… [t]he railroads brought… the means to transport the hundreds of thousands of hides taken annually… By the mid 1880s, the North American bison was virtually extinct.” What is wrong with this statement? There were tens of millions of bison. Every year hundreds of thousands were harvested. If they were fossils or statues and you took hundreds of thousands from 21 to 88 million every year, then in 21 to 440 years, you would get rid of them all. But what do tens of millions of bison have every year? They have millions of calves. And if not, they have problems that are much more serious than hundreds of thousands of bullets!
Being snide about the World Wildlife Fund’s scholarship would be unfair. The quote accurately presents the conclusion of the seminal paper on the bison disappearance by Dr William T. Hornaday.3 Page 466 states, “Notwithstanding the merciless war that had been waged against the buffalo for over a century… and the steady decrease of its numbers… there were several million [two million increase by about 400,000 a year]… [before] 1870…took annually less that one hundred thousand…” This mathematical curiosity, paraphrased, “Hunters yearly killed less than the annual increase until bison had been exterminated by hunting,” appears throughout the paper, illustrated by various years, ranges, herd sizes, and kill rates.
Hornaday3 (p. 498–501), using actual records plus a generous 705% factor to cover unrecorded kills, estimated that just over 1.2 million bison were killed annually during the 3 years that bison slaughter was at its peak (1872–1874). Otherwise, the total annual kill was definitively in the hundreds of thousands.
When considered critically, the numbers are clear. Bison were not exterminated, wantonly slaughtered, or overhunted. They were sustainably harvested. According to the United States Department of Agriculture,6 there were 92 million cattle in the United States in 2016 (which is approximately 1–3 times the common bison herd estimates) and in 2015, 28.8 million head were slaughtered (24 times the recorded bison slaughter over the 3 years it was at its peak). Cattle are in no danger of disappearing from the continent. According to VerCauteren,7 whitetail deer populations exceed 30 million (the low end of bison herd projections). The Quality Deer Management Association8 compiled records from 37 state wildlife agencies and came up with almost 5.6 million legally harvested whitetails in the 2014 to 2015 season (over four and a half times the highest annual bison harvest). The harvest was low that season, and the numbers do not include any animals poached, killed by vehicles, or killed in the 13 states that did not provide data. According to VerCauteren,7 whitetail numbers are increasing. Looked at from the other end, I started with the bison known to exist after near-extinction, then worked backward using the most extreme yearly slaughter estimates (calculated from Hornaday,3 Koucky,9 and Lepley and Lepley10) and a very conservative herd increase factor. I determined that for those slaughter rates to wipe out bison, the total bison herd of North America never, ever reached 7 million animals. I have never seen anyone claim that the North American bison herd was that small. If our ecological philosophy grants any value at all to predation, the slaughter of the North American bison was not harmful to the bison, it was helpful. So what happened?
The First Hypothesis: Epidemic Makes the Numbers Make Sense
I stumbled upon the discrepancy between accepted bison numbers and bison kills when my father asked rhetorically how people could shoot 60 million animals. The question intrigued me. While collecting articles and data, I found a brilliant paper by Dr Rudolph Koucky9 that did a careful, scholarly analysis of the disappearance of the Northern bison herd, the final remaining large herd of bison, between 1874 and 1883. He concluded that extermination by hunters “is a myth initiated and maintained by bad journalism and poor scholarship” (p. 23). He posited death by epidemic and provided some convincing arguments.
My veterinarian mother and I studied Koucky’s9 article and found two disease candidates, anthrax in the Nebraska area and Texas tick fever in the Montana area. They are sufficiently deadly to wipe out tens of millions of animals,11 seem native to the hemisphere,12 match the snippets of historic observations reported by Koucky,9 and have convinc- ing narratives of infection and spread.11
Koucky9 estimated bison at four million in 1874, based on available sources. His very conservative annual increase estimate was 500,000. Careful review indicates the total annual kill never reached 840,000 (calculated from Hornaday,3 Koucky,9 and Lepley and Lepley10). In 1883, bison were nearly extinct; fewer than 25,177 animals remained (calculated from Hornaday,3 Stermitz Ricketts,4 and Koucky9). Removing 840,000 animals from 4.5 million leaves them a good 3 million short of extinct. But Texas tick fever has an 81% death rate.11 Removing 81% from 4.5 million leaves just 855,000. Shooting b 840,000 of them leaves N 15,000, which is a lot like b 25,177 (Fig. 1). The closeness of the fit is especially impressive given that many of the numbers come from rough estimates from varied sources.
Figure 1. The graph shows estimates of bison numbers, kills, and tick fever mortality. Kill estimates are extreme maximums. Using moderate kill numbers from the ranges in the sources has the herd increasing slightly before 1882. Shipped hides combine early estimates and historical records; wasted hides and tribal use are from early estimates.
Evidence of epidemics
Can millions of animals have dropped dead without anyone noticing they had not been killed? How easy is it to overlook the cause of a carcass?
E.C. “Teddy Blue” Abbott14 (p. 101) said, “That buffalo slaughter was a dirty business… next spring they would just lie there on the prairie and rot, hides and all. Riding the range, you would find lots of skeletons with pieces of hide still sticking to them. It was all waste.”
Contrastingly, Dr Sam Fadala15 wrote, “Beaver trapper Yellowstone Kelly wrote an interesting account circa 1867. ‘… on all sides as far as the eye could reach was dotted with bodies of dead buffaloes. These animals were in good condition and bore no mark of bullet or arrow wounds. The cause of their death was a mystery to us… [S]o many carcasses scattered around made a strong impression on my mind, perhaps because they were the first buffaloes I had ever seen.’”
Koucky9 (p. 28) reported, “In 1926, while hunting on the former northern buffalo range, I saw a cluster of buffalo skeletons arranged much like a herd of cows lying on a meadow. I examined the skeletons and, with my training as a pathologist, could find no suggestion that the animals had been killed. They had simply laid down and died.”
Buffalo skulls weather out of our creek banks. My veterinarian mother sees middle-aged animals undisturbed by predators or scavengers, that is, evidence of epidemic, there was no serious bison hide market before 1870 and no professional white hide hunters. Haines17 (p. 188) says, “[t] here is no indication that the traders at that time made any special effort to buy [buffalo] skins, but seemed to buy from the various tribes only to keep the Indians happy and to ensure that the Indians would sell them their better furs.” It would be easy to see Russell’s quote as evidence of the extremes of the hide trade and never notice it was written almost 30 years before that trade began.
In his 1841 journal, trapper Osborne Russell16 (p. 121) wrote, “[25 February–27 March] The Buffaloe have long since left the shores of these [Utah and Great Salt] Lakes” and, “In the year 1836 large bands of Buffaloe [his personal observation] could be seen in almost every little Valley on the small branches of this Stream [near Snake River, Idaho] at this time [5–15 November] the only traces which could be seen of them were the scattered bones of those that had been killed. Their trails which had been made in former years deeply indented in the earth were over grown with grass and weeds” (p. 123). Russell himself says the buffalo were “killed”, but this was 1841! Before 1865, Hornaday3 (p. 492) says, “buffalo hunting as a business was almost wholly in the hands of the Indians.” Francis Haines17 and David Dary13 agree there was no serious bison hide market before 1870 and no professional white hide hunters. Haines17 (p. 188) says, “[t] here is no indication that the traders at that time made any special effort to buy [buffalo] skins, but seemed to buy from the various tribes only to keep the Indians happy and to ensure that the Indians would sell them their better furs.” It would be easy to see Russell’s quote as evidence of the extremes of the hide trade and never notice it was written almost 30 years before that trade began.
Texas tick fever is caused by a protozoan and spread by a tick native to southern Texas. The protozoa destroy blood cells. When the animal’s blood can no longer carry oxygen, it suffocates. The few emaciated survivors are easy prey for a harsh winter or predators. Some survivors achieve limited immunity. They can carry ticks to infect healthy herds. If a herd loses contact with the disease for a time, it loses its immunity and is again subject to the high death rate. Tick fever’s causes were discovered in 1906, long after the bison were gone.11 In 1882, the fact that passing Texas cattle meant “native cattle died in vast numbers” was still being attributed to crawling devils, an ancient Spanish curse, poison leaking from their feet, and/or noxiously bad breath (p. 49).18
Tick fever grants new dimensions to an observation by Charles Goodnight. “[T]he summer of 1867 was very dry in the Texas Panhandle, and bison herds had gathered on the Little Colorado River in such numbers that ‘They had remained until the grass was gone, and had died from starvation by thousands and thousands. The dead buffaloes, which extended for a hundred miles or more, were so thick they resembled a pumpkin field.’ Goodnight also stated that although there was still good grass on the Rio Concho, 30 miles across a divide to the southwest, the buffalo had stayed on the Little Colorado” (p. 85).19 Charles Goodnight had been driving herds of Texas cattle north since the spring of 1866.20 If they were carrying infected ticks, and if the bison on the Little Colorado had had no recent contact with southern bison or cattle and had lost any immunity they may once have had… then within 3 weeks of meeting Goodnight’s herd, they would indeed have died like pumpkins. They would not have been noticeably sick, just too anemic to walk 30 miles to fresh grass until they dropped dead.
Goodnight eventually settled in the Texas panhandle. His cattle lost contact with the fever-carrying tick and their immunity and died like pumpkins when herds of South Texas cattle passed through. His frustrated anguish is clear from a letter published in the Fort Griffin Echo, 18 November 1881.
[Y]ourselves and I have always been good friends, but even friendship will not protect you in the drive through here… if you have any feeling for me as a friend or acquaintance, you will not put me to any desperate actions… My cattle are now dying of the fever contracted from cattle driven from Forth Worth; therefore do not have any hope that you can convince me that your cattle will not give mine the fever… I simply say to you that you will never pass through here in good health (p. 80–81).18
The Second Hypothesis: Catastrophic Loss of Management Makes Epidemic Make Sense
So epidemic was The Answer. Yet something was missing. As I read texts and studies related to my home range, the bison question stayed in the back of my mind.
The Pikuni (of the Nitsitapii or Blackfoot Confederation) had ranged my part of the Great Plains since at least the 14th century. Nomadic bands had inhabited the Plains and hunted bison since the terminal Pleistocene (14,000 years ago), using the impoundment method for at least 2,000 years.21
Then one day I was reading Allan Savory’s22 Holistic Management: A New Framework for Decision Making, When [Robert Paine] removed the main predator,
a certain species of starfish, from a population
of fifteen observable
species, things quickly
changed. Within a year, the area was occupied by only eight of the original fifteen species. Numbers within the prey species boomed… species that could move left the area; those that could not simply died out. Paine speculated that in time even more species
would be lost. His control
area, which still contained the predatory starfish, over the same time remained
a complex community
where all species thrived… I witnessed
a similar disruption in two much larger communities in Africa.
For a period in the
1950s I worked as a game department
biologist in the Luangwa Valley in
Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia) and the lower Zambezi Valley of Southern Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe). Both areas contained large wildlife
populations—elephant, buffalo, zebra, more than a dozen antelope
species, hippo, crocodiles and numerous other predators… Yet despite these
numbers, the river banks were stable and well vegetated [Fig. 2]. People had lived in these areas
since time immemorial… But the governments of both countries
wanted to make these areas national parks. It would not do to have all this hunting
going on, and all the drum
beating, singing, and general disturbance, so the government removed
the people. Like Paine, we, in effect,
removed the starfish. But in our case we put a different type
of starfish back
in. We replaced drum beating, gun
firing, gardening, and farming
people with ecologists, naturalists, and tourists, under
strict control to ensure
they did not disturb the
animals or vegetation. Just as in Paine’s study, the results were quick and dramatic. Within
decades miles of riverbank in both valleys
were devoid of reeds, fig thickets, and most other vegetation. With nothing but the change
in behavior of one species these areas became
terribly impoverished and are
still deteriorating seriously… (p. 20–21)
Figure 2. In the 1950s the banks of the Zambezi River were stable and well vegetated, despite the high numbers of game and the presence of hunting, gardening humans (p. 21). Photo courtesy of Allan Savory.22
When I looked at Photo 3-2 (Fig. 2) of a well-vegetated Zambezi River in the 1950s and Photo 3-3 (Fig. 3) of a deteriorated Zambezi River in the 1980s, two other papers crashed together in my mind. Luckily, I had read both only a few days before. Because of contemporary culture’s innate bias against the value of active human management, I’d read those pages of Savory many times before and never realized that they applied to anything beyond elephants.
Looking at Photo 3-3 (Fig. 3), I realized I’d seen it described by Captain Merriweather Lewis, written Saturday 11 May 1805,
[T]he banks are falling in very fast; I sometimes wonder that some of our canoes or perogues are not swallowed up by means of these immence masses of earth which are eternally precipitating themselves into the river; we have had many hair breadth escapes from them (p. 139–140).23
Figure 3. By the 1980s the banks of the Zambezi River within the national park were nearly devoid of vegetation, even though game populations had been culled heavily and the hunting, gardening humans removed (p. 22). Photo courtesy of Allan Savory.22
So what if the Pikuni were range managers? What if they had not just spent 14,000 years being irrelevant, according to the Leave-It-Alone assumption, but, like Savory’s drum- beating Africans, had been learning, since “time immemorial,” to be a critical component of a complex ecosystem?
Nitsitapii bands had approximately five buffalo hunts a year and at each would impound, kill, and process 24 to 200 animals, drying surplus meat, all without the aid of horses.21,24 Fur trader Charles Larpenteur25 witnessed such hunts and reported up to 300 bison could be harvested. Imagine 80 to 160 people, about half of them vigorous adults,24 harvesting and processing up to 300 buffalo at a time, 1,000 or more a year. That’sa lot of meat, but “from Hopewell times (beginning of the first millennium AD), surpluses (probably pemmican) were produced and traded downriver into the Midwest region, and overland to the Southwest” (p. 37),21 since “meat represents plant carbohydrates processed into a highly cost-efficient form in terms of transportation costs” (pp. 96-98).24
Were the Nitsitapii managers? There seems to be no question in the mind of anthropologist Alice Kehoe. She referred to life on the Great Plains as a “human’s planned economy” and called it, “a livestock production strategy minimizing labor input… Great skill in managing herds was developed” (p. 88).24
So why am I convinced there was a loss of management? The bison went nearly extinct. We can all agree upon that. They seem to have been nearly wiped out by overgrazing and by diseases at least some of which were native to the continent. And this was after roughly 14,000 years sharing North America with people and not going extinct. Something important apparently changed. The near-extinction seems to have occurred following the arrival of Europeans, so it is easy to suspect they were somehow involved. That is why the simple explanation, “Europeans just shot them all,” has always been so popular. If the diseases had been European diseases, that would also have been a simple obvious narrative. European arrival did have tremendous impact on human and animal movements, so it is possible to attribute the epidemics to that—changes in movement made disease transmission possible in ways it never had been before. That is one explanation, but I do not find it the most plausible one.
Seeing Savory’s description, with photographs, of personally witnessing damage to the Zambezi River and its elephant population caused by removing humans, and seeing that Lewis and Clark described similar riverbank effects following the same length of time after smallpox had removed Pikuni from the Upper Missouri opened my mind to the idea that the European diseases most deadly (ultimately) to bison were those that killed the humans. It convinced me that humans had been providing a “something” that the bison were unable to survive without. What was it? Well, in the starfish example, the missing “something” was predation. I do not believe the starfish were managers. And the idea that removing a key predator can destabilize and damage an ecosystem is fairly universally accepted. But in the elephant example, the most important thing the humans were supplying was not predation. They kept the river and elephants healthy by impacting the behavior of the elephants. Indeed, once the elephant behavior had changed and the ecosystem had begun to deteriorate, Savory22 tells us the new managers tried to replace the old management they had removed with predation, to no avail. No matter how many elephants were killed, the ecosystem remained degraded. In addition, the Europeans definitely supplied the bison with predation.
There are two possible interpretations for this. One is that the critical “something” supplied by Original Americans was predation. The supply failed when they were decimated by disease, and subsequent European predation came too late to save the bison as the herds were already in a death spiral. This answer, like the epidemic-caused-by-movement-changes answer, is plausible. Yet I think still more plausible is the answer that the lost “something” was more than just predation. It was management. Whether or not we consider Original Ameri- cans capable of management depends in part on our definition of management. If we define it as using modern technology and Western scientific method, it is clearly a recent innovation. My personal definition, however, requires intel- ligent intent, observation, foresight, goals, the ability to remember and learn from the past, the ability to predict the future, and the ability to communicate with others. That is something that I believe starfish are not capable of and something I cannot imagine original American peoples not doing. As with the elephants, it seems that replacing centuries-old management with mere predation was doomed to failure. According to Gary Nabhan26 the sequence that I proposed for the Pikuni (intensive management, abandon- ment of managed lands following severe epidemic, “discovery” of those lands as “virgin wilderness” by subsequent Europeans) happened all across North America. In Cultural Parallax in Viewing North American Habitats, he refers to habitats of pre- Columbian North America as both “intensively managed” (p. 92) and “actively managed” (p. 93).
I am certain that my interpretation is influenced by my experiences on a family ranch in the Great Plains. My great grandparents were supplying their cattle herd with predation 100 years ago, but my family’s management methods have grown and adapted over time, thanks to the management criteria listed previously. Watching how sensitive and responsive the landscape is to our management methods and imagining what would happen if we replaced them with mere predation, convinces me that the skills and understandings my family has developed over 100 years were most certainly possessed by people that had 10,000 years to study this ecosystem. And I can’t imagine anything more devastating to a management system with no written record, one that was based solely on trained individuals and oral transmission, than a major outbreak of fatal disease.
What if the Pikuni and their management were the starfish, whose loss triggered the collapse? Would “numbers within the prey species boom” followed by extinctions as reported by Paine? Savory22 predicted the following clues to recognize a “lost- starfish” collapse: collapsing river banks, “the change in human behavior changed the behavior of the animals that had naturally feared them, which in turn led to the damage to soils and vegetation” (p. 21), “our droughts were becoming more frequent because the land was deteriorating” (p. 43), and “droughts occur more frequently and are much more severe” (p. 111). Savory22 describes large, herding animals in the presence of their predators as “concentrated and moving” (p. 40). Without their predators, do they remain in one place? According to Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, hunted bison are “very wary of humans, with most tending to flee at the sound of a stopping vehicle or the smell of approaching hikers” (p. 87).27 Are unhunted bison gentle? These were the clues. Would I find them?
I leafed through a month of journal entries by Lewis and Clark when they were closest to my home. Over 31 days, I found 28 mentions of unhealthy vegetation (compared with today), 14 mentions of extremely large herds of game animals, 13 mentions of unseasonably dry stream beds (compared with today), 5 mentions of collapsing river banks, 4 mentions of high levels of water erosion, 4 mentions of extreme wind erosion (compared with today), and 2 mentions of oddly gentle buffalo23 (p. 117–259; see Appendix 1).
Extremely high bison numbers
Many sources indicate large bison numbers. Lewis and Clark are popular23; others include J. Bradbury in 1810, Edwin James in 1820, Jacob Fowler in 1822,19 James A. Fisk in 1862, Captain Grant Marsh, Captain William T. Twining in 1874, and Lt. G. C. Doane.9 For example Clark wrote on 29 August 1806, “I must have Seen near 20,000 feeding on this plain [near Dry Island, South Dakota]” (p. 328).28 In addition, James wrote on 2 June 1820, “immense herds of bisons… at least ten thousand here burst on our sight in the instant” (p. 91),19 Furthermore, “The James A. Fisk expedition in 1862 encountered so many buffalo in northwestern Dakota that one member claimed they saw ‘one million’ in a single day” (p. 23).9
People in the late 1800s believed the bison numbers to be normal and sustainable. If this was a “lost-starfish” collapse, the stable Great Plains ecosystem had not existed since 1780. It had never been witnessed by Europeans (except De Soto in about 1540, far to the south and writing in Spanish). “The disappearance of the buffalo was so sudden that, in 1883, the local people did not realize that the buffalo were gone. The hunters assumed that the buffalo had wandered to some other area and would return” (p. 27).9 “And yet nobody believed, even then, that the white man could kill all the buffalo. Since the beginning of things there had always been so many!” (p. 250).29
Buffalo roamed the plains in vast herds. I could not calculate their numbers—no man could… and the only regret I have of the life which I have led is that I thoughtlessly slaughtered many hundreds of these animals when I could have easily refrained from doing so. I wish now that my aim hadn’t been so good (p. 233–234)30
Great Plains species did have population crashes in the late 1800s and early 1900s following the population booms. The testimony of the scientist is telling. (The K ecological strategy is pursued by large animals with few young, long lives, slow increases, and relative stability. The r strategy is pursued by small animals like rabbits and mice with short lives, many young, and boom and bust population curves.) The following quotes are from scientists trying to reconcile the idea that in the early 1800s bison herds represented the long-term, sustainable situation with the incompatible fact that they seemed too numerous for their forage base and were prone to massive die-offs. “McDonald makes the point that, comparing Bison species, the historic Plains Bison bison had a relatively r strategy” (p. 90).24 “A few species are notorious for their unrestricted growth potential…The bison of North America… are some of the best known…their numbers grew so high that their survival depended on die-offs and high accident rates” (p. 441).22 Was it the mystery of the situation that caused each author to invest in italics, otherwise used fairly sparingly in her and his writings?
Are there records of damage to riverbanks, soils, or vegetation? Richard Hart19 extensively documents period sources attributing vegetation damage to bison. Henry of the Red River of the North wrote in 1800, “They [bison] have ravaged this small Island… Nothing remains … Brushwood and Grass are not to be seen in this little wood” (p. 98). Larocque wrote in 1805, “It is amazing how very barren the ground is between this [Powder River] and the lesser Missouri. Nothing can hardly be seen but those Cornin de Raquetts [prickly pears]. Our horses were nearly starved” (p. 90). Fremont, who was located on the Platte River, wrote in 1842, “[Bison] had left scarcely a blade of grass standing” (p. 94). Palliser, who was near the Swift Current of Saskatchewan, Canada, wrote in 1857, “The grass of this arid soil, always so scanty was now actually swept away by the buffalo” (p. 86). Palliser, in 1858 near Unity, Saskatchewan, Canada wrote, “miserable herbage which had been cropped bare by the buffalos” (p. 86).
In addition, “[7 February–25 March 1838] the buffaloe had consumed everything in the shape of grass along the [Powder] river [Wyoming]” (p. 81).16 “Buffalo were so plentiful here [Fort Stewart, Poplar River, Montana] last summer that they ate up all the grass; it looked as though fire had burned the prairies” (p. 286).25 “May 11, 1880… The myriads of buffalo have eaten out what little grass there is [Musselshell River, Montana]… May 12… very little grass and ten thousand buffalo busily engaged in eating up what little there is” (p. 124–125).31
Conditions for anthrax epidemics include, “close grazing of tough scratchy feed in dry times, which results in abrasions of the oral mucosa, and confined grazing on heavily contaminated areas around water holes” (p. 315).11 The above quotes fit this description, as does Hart’s19 (p. 95) quote of James from 16 August 1819 or 1820, “Bisons became astonishingly numerous… countless thousands of them were seen coming in from every quarter to the stagnant pools [in the Canadian River].”
Evidence of predation (or Lack thereof)
Did bison show evidence of predation? Were they shy? Or did they congregate without moving? Lewis wrote, [9 May 1805, Big Dry Creek, Montana] “Buffaloe… so gentle that the men frequently throw sticks and stones at them in order to drive them out of the way” (pp. 131–132).23 Granville Stuart31 (p. 125) recorded, “May 11, 1880…Had to run out and shake our blankets to frighten the buffalo away from camp…May 12… Antelope and buffalo are very tame here. Will hardly run from us.”
The primary thesis of Hart’s19 “Where the Buffalo Roamed—or Did They?” is that “[o]ften bison were found continuously in the same location for weeks or months” (p. 99), and he supports his conclusion with period documents, particularly from 1800 to 1808. That is, none come from before 1780.
Conclusion: There is No Get Out of Jail Free
So which was it? Were the bison plains an example of how productive Nature can be without human interference, an unspoiled Garden of Eden that collapsed with the entry of man? Or were they an example of how loss of range management can trigger a cascade of environmental damage spiraling toward extinctions? When I look at the evidence, I see the latter.
I worry I may have subconsciously viewed the Leave-It- Alone assumption pervading our culture’s foundations as my “get out of jail free” card. Yes, I am dedicated to the science and art of range management. Yes, I want to learn as much as I can and apply it for the good of the resource. But deep inside a little voice whispers, “If you really mess up and don’t understand anything, step away and all-knowing Nature can heal it.” Surely it is this same voice that encourages some federal managers and environmentalists to abandon manage- ment without research. After all, how much knowledge does it take to not interact with something? But if “one of the greatest successes of the Leave-It-Alone approach” is actually its opposite, if it actually demonstrates the tragedies that lack of management can cause, then there is no “get out of jail free card”. If we fail to understand, to study, to interact with, to teach… then we can bring our own world crashing down.
I wish to thank Allan Savory and Jody Butterfield for generously sharing Photos 3-2 and 3-3 and for their encouragement; Dan Dagget for first pressuring me to develop these ideas into something more than an e-mail discussion; Dr Alice Kehoe for the page-long list she provided when I asked her to suggest Blackfoot history readings; the Montana State Historical Society for going above and beyond when I requested records of bison kills; W. Michael and Kathleen O’Neal Gear for being generous with encouragement and their impressive knowledge of both bison and ancient American history; the National Grazing Lands Coalition for accepting this paper for presentation at their 2015 6th National Conference and publishing it in their Proceedings; two anonymous reviewers and Ellen Kress for help improving the Rangelands version; Dr. Rose Stoneberg for her help understanding animal epidemics; Ronald P. Stoneberg for insisting that this paper get written; and Dr. Jason Holt for taking over enough cooking to give me time to write.
Lewis, 6 May 1805 (p. 117): “passed three streames today which discharged themselves on the Lard. side; the first of these we call little dry creek it contained some water in standing pools but discharged none, the 2ed 50 yards wide no Water, we called it Big dry Creek, the 3rd is bed of a conspicuous river 200 yards wide which we called little dry river”
Clark, 6 May 1805 (pp. 119–120): “passed two Creeks & a River to day on the Lard. Side, neither of them discharged any water into the Missouri, they were wide and Continued their width for Some distance”
Lewis, 7 May 1805 (p. 121): “the water of the river is so terbid that no bird wich feeds exclusively on fish can subsist on it” Lewis, 8 May 1805 (pp. 124–126): “large herds of Buffaloe… a little distance from the river there is no timber to be seen on either side; the bottom lands are not more than one fifth covered with timber; the timber as below is confined to the borders of the river… there is no timber of any discription on the upland unless particularly mentioned; and also that one fifth of the bottom lands being covered with timber is considered a large proportion… a great number buffaloe, Elk, common and Black taled deer, goats”
Clark, 1805 (p. 128): “Saw great numbers of Buffalow, Elk, antelope & Deer”
Lewis, 9 May 1805 (pp. 130–132): “the timber has also in some measure declined in quantity. today we passed the bed of the most extraordinary river that I ever beheld. it is as wide as the Missouri is at this place or ½ a mile wide and not containing a single drop of running water; some small standing pools being all the water… it did not appear that it had been more than 2 feet deep at it’s greatest hight… a great quantity of game today particularly of Elk and Buffaloe, the latter are now so gentle that the men frequently throw sticks and stones at them in order to drive them out of the way”
Lewis, 11 May 1805 (p. 140): “it is a light colored poor sterile sandy soil, the base usually a yellow or white clay; it produces scarcely any grass, some scattering tufts of sedge constitutes the greater part of it’s grass”
Clark, 1805 (p. 143): “in every derection Buffalow, Elk, Antelopes & Mule deer innumerable and So jintle that we Could approach near them with great ease”
Lewis, 12 May 1805 (p. 146): “we saw great quantities of game as usual”
Clark, 15 May 1805 (p. 156): “We see Buffalow on the banks dead, other floating down dead, and other mired every day, those buffalo either drown in Swiming the river or brake thro’ the ice”
Lewis, 17 May 1805 (p. 159): “few scattering cottonwood trees are the only timber near the river… The great number of large beds of streams perfectly dry which we daily pass indicate a country but badly watered”
Clark, 1805 (p. 161): “a fiew Cotton trees is the only timber which is Scattered in the bottoms & the hills contain a fiew Pine & Cedar, which is Scattered…We passed 2 large Creeks to day one on the Starbd Side and the other just below our camp on the Lard. Side each of those creeks has a little running water near their mouthes which has a brackish taste”
Lewis, 18 May 1805 (p. 163): “timber consists of a few cottonwood trees along the verge of the river; the willow has in a great measure disappeared… creek on the Stard. side about three oclock, which afforded no water”
Lewis, 20 May 1805 (p. 170): “immence number of prickley pears in the plains and on the hills”
Lewis, 21 May 1805 (p. 176): “the soil is fertile, produces a fine turf of low grass and some herbs, also immence quantities of the Prickley pear, without a stick of timber of any description… we found ourselves so invelloped with clouds of dust and sand that we could neither cook, eat, nor sleep”
Clark, 1805 (p. 178): “the dust & Sand blew in clouds”
Lewis, 22 May 1805 (p. 179): “the lands fertile or apparently so tho’ the short grass and the scantey proportion of it on the hills would indicate no great fertility”
Clark, 1805 (p. 181): “verry rich Stickey Soil produceing but little vegitation of any kind except the prickley-piar, but little grass & that verry low”
Lewis, 23 May 1805 (pp. 183–184): “two small creeks on Lard. and two others on Stard. all inconsiderable and dry at their entrances… great number of Elk”
Lewis, 24 May 1805 (p. 189): “the first of these is a large Creek or small river… it is 30 yards wide and contains some water… the next streams in order is a creek which falls in on Lard. 2 ½ miles higher; this is 15 yds. wide no water… 2 Small creek fall in on the Stard. side, no water… the banks high and country broken it’s bottom narrow and no timber…the soil poor and sterile, sandy near the tops of the hills, the whole producing but little grass; the narrow bottoms of the Missouri producing little else but Hysop or southern wood [sagebrush?] and the pulpy leafed thorn [greasewood?]”
Lewis, 25 May 1805 (p. 195): “last evening we passed a Creek 20 yard wide affording no runing water… the river bottoms are narrow and afford scarcely any timber… but little pine on the hills”
Clark, 1805 (p. 198): “the bottoms between hills and river are narrow and Contain Scercely any timber”
Lewis, 26 May 1805 (pp. 201–202): “scarcely any timber to be seen except the few scattering pine and spruce which crown the high hills… This is truly a desert barren country”
Clark, 1805 (p. 205): “the Countrey may with propriety I think be termed the Deserts of America, as I do not conceive any part can ever be Settled, as it is deficient in water”
Lewis, 27 May 1805 (p. 208): “once perhaps in the course of several miles there will be a few acres of tolerably level land in which two or thre impoverished cottonwood trees will be seen. Great quantities of stone also lye in the river and garnish it’s borders, which appears to have tumbled from the bluffs where the bwater N rains had washed away the sand and clay in which they were imbeded… the country more broken and barren than yesterday if possible”
Clark, 1805 (p. 209): “no timber except Some Scattering pine on the hills & hill Sides… Stones are loosened by the earths washing from them into the river and ultimately role down into the river, which appears to be Crowded with them”
Lewis, 28 May 1805 (p. 211): “the drairy country through which we had been passing”
Lewis, 30 May 1805 (p. 222): “the earth and stone also falling from these immence high bluffs render it dangerous to pass under them”
Lewis, 1 June 1805 (p. 238): “Capt C. who walked on shore today informed me… he observed large banks of pure sand which appeared to have been d[r]iven by the S.W. winds from the river bluffs and there deposited… prickley pear which are numerous in these plains”
Clark, 1805 (p. 240): “I observed maney
noles of fine Sand which appeared to have blown from the river bluffs and collected at these points”
Lewis, 3 June 1805 (pp. 247, 250): “the country in every derection around us was one vast plain in which innumerable herds of Buffalow were seen… there are a great number of prickley pears in these plains… they saw a great number of Elk”
Lewis, 4 June 1805 (pp. 253–256): “soil appears dark rich and fertile yet the grass is by no means as high nor dose it look so luxuriant as I should have expected, it is short just sufficient to conceal the ground. Great abundance of prickly pears… they are so numerous that it requires one half of the traveler’s attention to avoid them… the part of the river we have passed is from 40 to 60 yds. wide, is deep, has falling banks, the courant strong, the water terbid… dry ravines so steep and numerous… a great number of Buffaloe, Elk, wolves and foxes today”
Clark, 1805 (p. 256): “this plain is covered with low grass & prickley pear… Saw Several Gangues of Buffalow”
Lewis, 5 June 1805 (p. 258): “great quanties of Buffaloe…
near the river the plain is cut by deep ravines”
Clark, 1805 (p. 259): “I saw great numbers of Elk & white tale deer”
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- KOUCKY, R.W. 1983. The buffalo disaster of 1882. North Dakota History: Journal of the Northern Plains 50:23-30.
- LEPLEY, J.G., AND S. LEPLEY. 1977. The vanishing West: Hornaday’s buffalo: the last of the wild herds. Fort Benton, MT, USA: The River and Plains Society. Pub. 817 iii pp. 69-73.
- BLOOD, D.C., AND J.A. HENDERSON. 1968. Veterinary medicine. 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD, USA: The Williams and Wilkins Company. 927 pp.
- SIMONSON, T.S., R.T. OKINAKA, B. WANG, W.R. EASTERDAY, L. HUYNH, J.M. U’REN, M. DUKERICH, S.R. ZANECKI, L.J. KENEFIC, J. BEAUDRY, J.M. SCHUPP, T. PEARSON, D.M. WAGNER, A. HOFFMASTER, J. RAVEL, AND P. KEIM. 2009. Bacillus anthracis in China and its relationship to worldwide lineages. BMC Microbiology 9:71.
- DARY, D. 1974. The buffalo book: the full saga of the American animal. Chicago, IL, USA: Swallow. 371 pp.
- ABBOTT, E.C. (“TEDDY BLUE”), AND H. HUNTINGTON SMITH. 1939. We pointed them north: recollections of a cowpuncher. Norman, OK, USA: University of Oklahoma Press. 247 pp.
- FADALA, S. 2012. Was the buffalo hunted to near extinction? Available at: http://www.petersenshunting.com/featured/was-the- buffalo-nearly-hunted-to-near-extinction/#ixzz3r0NBhIPL 2012.
- RUSSELL, O. 1955. Journal of a trapper [1834–1843]. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press. 191 pp.
- HAINES, F. 1976. The buffalo. New York, NY, USA: Thomas Y. Crowell, Co.. 242 pp.
- NORDYKE, L. 1955. Great roundup: the story of Texas and southwestern cattlemen. Edison, NJ, USA: Castle Books. 288 pp.
- HART, R.H. 2001. Where the buffalo roamed–or did they? Great Plains Research 11:83-102.
- RICHARDSON, T.C. 2010. Goodnight-Loving Trail. Handbook of Texas Online. Available at: http://www.tshaonline.org/ handbook/online/articles/ayg02.
- KEHOE, A.B. 1999. Blackfoot and other hunters on the North American Plains. In: Lee RB, & Daly R, editors. The Cambridge
encyclopedia of hunters and gatherers. Cambridge, United King- dom: Cambridge University Press. p. 36-40.
- SAVORY, A., AND J. BUTTERFIELD. 1999. Holistic management: a new framework for decision making. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C., USA: Island Press. 616 pp.
- Moulton GE, editor. The definitive journals of Lewis & Clark: from Fort Mandan to Three Forks. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press. 464 pp.
- KEHOE, A.B. 1993. How the ancient Peigans lived. Research in Economic Anthropology 14:87-105.
- LARPENTEUR, C. 1933. Forty years a fur trader on the upper Missouri: the personal narrative of Charles Larpenteur 1833–1872. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press. 388 pp.
- NABHAN, G.P. 1995. Cultural parallax in viewing North American habitats. In: Soulé M, & Lease G, editors. Reinvent- ing nature? Responses to postmodern deconstruction. Washing- ton, D.C., USA: Island Press. p. 87-101.
- ADAMS, S.M., AND A.R. DOOD. 2011. Background information on issues of concern for Montana: Plains bison ecology, management, and conservation. Bozeman, MT, USA: Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. 87 pp.
- Moulton GE, editor. The definitive journals of Lewis & Clark: over the Rockies to St. Louis. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press. 456 pp.
- LINDERMAN, F.B. 1932. Pretty-Shield: medicine woman of the crows. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press. 256 pp.
- SMITH, V.G. 1900. Vic Smith saw stirring times in the early days, Anaconda Standard, 16 December, p. 7, reprinted in J. Prodgers (Ed.), 1997. The champion buffalo hunter: the frontier memoirs of Yellowstone Vic Smith. Helena, MT, USA: TwoDot. 293 pp.
- STUART, G. 1925. Forty years on the frontier. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska Press. 265 pp.
Author is PhD, Horse Ranch, Hinsdale, MT, USA. sierra@nemont. net. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. | <urn:uuid:0b7de4c2-075a-4149-bcf5-9478f1b3b9f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rangefire.us/2019/07/31/research-shows-1882-bison-population-collapse-was-due-to-poor-range-management-not-overhunting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953672 | 12,064 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Wine Manufacture Using Flottweg Centrifuges
Quality is the decisive success factor when it comes to manufacturing wine. Efficient treatment procedures throughout the entire manufacturing process play a central role. Flottweg decanters and separators have been specifically configured for must clarification, lees processing and wine clarification. They make a valuable contribution to efficient wine manufacture.
Must clarification and lees processing
During wine manufacture, the decanter can be used wherever liquid phases containing a high proportion of solids need to be clarified. This includes must clarification and lees processing.
Traditionally, must clarification is carried out by static sedimentation followed by filtration of the sedimentation lees through kieselguhr by means of a vacuum rotary filter. In this process, the must remains in contact with the lees for a longer period than it would in the decanter. However, lees can have negative effects on the quality of the must, because they often have a high phenol content.
Decanters, on the other hand, can quickly process must residues containing a high proportion of solids. Furthermore, the conventional process with kieselguhr involves high costs for waste disposal, complicated maintenance work, high operating costs and significant cleaning complexity. The costs of investing in a decanter are generally higher than those of a vacuum rotary filter.
However, with lower operating costs and outstanding results in must clarification and lees processing, the decanter offers decisive economic benefits overall, at the same time as being flexibly usable.
The decisive advantages of the Flottweg decanter in must clarification and lees processing:
- Significantly shorter preparation and cleaning times
- No filter aids or filter cloths, or associated disposal costs
- The solids discharge can be used as fertiliser for the vineyard
- The Flottweg decanter meets the most exacting hygiene requirements: Exclusively high-quality, corrosion and acid-resistant stainless steels are used for all components that come into contact with the product
- The decanter offers optimum yield, outstanding quality, trouble-free environmental compatibility and uncompromising efficiency
- The automatic and continuous process reduces the processing time, guaranteeing an efficient and safe working method
The Flottweg separator for wine clarification
Quality is king when it comes to wine manufacture. The separator is essential for effective wine clarification. The latest insights from separator manufacture and the requirements of hygienic design have been consistently put into practice in the development.
Flottweg decanters and separators are used in various ways in wineries. The combination can be used for increasing the efficiency and cutting the costs of must clarification, lees processing and wine clarification. Overall, it delivers decisive economic and quality advantages in the wine manufacture. | <urn:uuid:ff5381d1-dc24-4f15-8aa0-b1e2df1f61d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marinerplus.sk/flottweg-aplikacie/napojovy-priemysel/wine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928709 | 582 | 2.25 | 2 |
An effective meeting serves a useful purpose. In this blog, we will outline how to manage successful meetings.
Give us a call today : 01709 252210
This means during it, you achieve a desired outcome. For a meeting to flow, you have to be clear about its objective. It goes without saying that holding a meeting to have a little chat about something that can be said more effectively over email or any other form of communication, is a bad meeting. Face to face is a great way to understand a perspective of others, but can also become a place of disagreement. Meetings that drift off course from its original objective can often leave participants still confused when it concludes. To make sure everyone understands the subject or topic of the meeting, it is advised that a member writing down the minutes should be present. Having a copy of everything that was said during the meeting to be passed around and viewed at a later time is beneficial for those who need a recap.
Time is a precious resource and with the amount of time we all spend in meetings, it is a priority to streamline it as much as possible to maximise the efficiency of a work day. With an idea of what needs to be covered and for how long, you can then look at the information that should be prepared beforehand. What do the participants need to know in order to make the most of the meeting time? | <urn:uuid:b40a384f-45bf-48b7-b685-dc9e787311ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neveraveragemarketing.com/meetings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972256 | 283 | 1.757813 | 2 |
L U S I T A N I A R. E. X is a historical fiction account of the sinking of the Lusitania replete with spies and secret societies, super weapons, millionaires and martyrs. After being struck by a single torpedo on May 7th 1915, the Lusitania sank in only eighteen minutes. Passengers such as Alfred Vanderbilt, one of the wealthiest men in the world, ignored warnings from the German embassy, confident the fastest ship in the world could outrun enemy submarines.
Since the time of her sinking, the Lusitania has been wrapped in mystery and intrigue. Experts continue to debate the cause of the second explosion that sealed her fate after the torpedo struck. Imperial Germany immediately claimed she was loaded with explosives destined for the front. Why did the Admiralty withdraw her escort ship? Who were the three German stowaways arrested shortly after sailing? Why did Alfred Vanderbilt give away his lifebelt?
L U S I T A N I A R. E. X weaves fiction around the known facts to create a plausible explanation of some of the mysteries surrounding her sinking. The book describes how modern, mechanized war with its zeppelin raids and poison gas brought to an end the gilded age of Newport, Edwardian England and Imperial Germany and Russia. The story unfolds on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean in settings that range from gilded palaces and the Lusitania to the blood-soaked trenches of Ypres
Ypres is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. Though Ieper is the Dutch and only official name, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English due to its role in World War I when only French was in official use in Belgian documents, including on maps. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to some 34,900 inhabitants. During World War I, Ypres was the centre of intense and sustained battles between German and Allied forces. During the war, because it was hard to pronounce in English, British troops nicknamed the city "Wipers". | <urn:uuid:0880fd53-0ef6-487e-87ee-d08bed7fa42d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lusitaniarex.com/about-the-book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959858 | 483 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Inactivity and excess body weight paired with a diet containing too much sugar and simple carbohydrates does more than increase your chance of having diabetes. It also plays a direct role in raising your triglycerides.
Triglycerides appear on the lipid panel along with your total cholesterol, your LDL (bad) cholesterol and your HDL (good) cholesterol. Unlike cholesterol, which can be lowered by decreasing the saturated fat in your diet, triglycerides are directly related to your dietary intake of sugar and simple carbohydrate.
Triglycerides (TG) levels are measured in the bloodstream, and should be less than 150 mg/dl. Understanding why triglycerides are different from cholesterol is important to learn how to improve your blood levels.
When sugar (and simple carbs like white bread and pasta) is absorbed in the small intestine of our body, it is gobbled up by TG circulating in the bloodstream. So, high TG levels are often directly related to how much simple carbohydrate and sugar we eat. Although prescription medications are often given for high TG, you can often dramatically lower their levels, and the damage that they do, by changing to a Mediterranean diet.
The first step to take if your triglycerides are elevated is to change your diet. You will need to eliminate or seriously decrease the white flour products and instead choose only whole grain products. You should also consider eliminating any sugar containing drinks and increase your fruits and vegetables.
In addition to eliminating sugar and carbs from your diet, you can lower your TG by taking an omega-3 fatty acid supplement.
Omega 3 fatty acids, also known as fish oil, contain long chain fatty acids called DHA and EPA. They act like a key to fit into the TG molecule, and pull it out of the circulation. It often takes higher doses of omega 3 fatty acids to do this, as much as 4 grams per day.
Try this triglyceride-lowering recipe: Salmon with Mustard Sauce
4 Salmon fillets (4-6 oz)
2 Tablespoon whole grain mustard
2 teaspoons honey
1/2 teaspoon ground red pepper
Pre-heat oven to 350 degrees. Cover grill pan with foil or spray with cooking spray. Place salmon fillets on pan, skin side down. Mix the mustard, honey and red pepper together, stirring with a fork until mixed. Coat each fillet with mustard mix. Bake at 350 degrees until fish flakes when tested. About 10-12 minutes.
Why is this important? TG can cause inflammation, inflame the pancreas, and irritate the lining of the coronary arteries. When coupled with low HDL or good cholesterol, as it often is, it is given the name metabolic syndrome. This problem, which is associated with gaining weight, is incredibly common in this country, and is fast becoming as much as a risk factor for coronary artery disease as elevated cholesterol.
Here are some important take home messages about triglycerides:
Triglycerides are very different than cholesterol, becoming elevated if you have a lot of sugar and simple carbs in your diet. Following the Mediterranean diet has been shown to lower triglycerides better than most medications.
High triglyceride levels (more than 150 mg/dl) can increase inflammation, and injure your arteries, especially when accompanied by low HDL cholesterol
The DHA and EPA in fish oil can lower triglycerides by acting like a key to process them out of the bloodstream
Fatty fish like salmon have more EPA and DHA than other fish.
To return to the full calendar, click here. | <urn:uuid:d87751e4-f903-40d8-8062-78361e9c49b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inquirer.com/philly/health/hearthealth/A_month_to_change_your_heart_Day_19.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.930616 | 715 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Plans for the museum were first publicly announced by the former Mayor of Charleston, Joseph P. ライリー, ジュニア, に 2000. “Our journey has been long because it took time to secure the optimal site,” the former mayor said in a statement.
ライリーは言った, “it took time to raise the resources, assemble the team, and plan every detail that would enhance the experience of being here. And it took time because we have been committed to excellence.”
The museum will include nine exhibition galleries, と “African Ancestors Memorial Garden” on the ground floor that will have a clear view of the ocean.
Charleston is often mentioned as one of the top cities in the world to visit for its beauty
, grand homes
, food and its legendary Southern charm
, but like many cities in the South
, it is haunted by slavery
. に 2018, the city apologized for its role on the slave trade
より多い 48% of all African slaves who came to the United States entered through Charleston, Henry Louis Gates Jr., Harvard professor and historian said in a release from the museum.
“そう, for blackness, black culture, the African experience, the African American experience, 奴隷制 — however you want to slice it — this is ground zero,” said Gates.
In addition to the memorial and galleries, the museum will include a large genealogy library allowing African American ancestry research. ゲイツ, who is also known for his popular PBS series on ancestry, “Finding Your Roots,” helped shape the museum’s Center for Family History.
Gates is among the dozens of advisory board members, which include US Rep. ジェームズ・クライバーン, actress Phylicia Rashad and Lonnie Bunch, the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture’s founding director.
近年では, other Southern cities have begun the process of reckoning with past sins of lynching and Jim Crow-era segregation.
に 2018, the first monument in the United States honoring the victims of lynching opened in Montgomery, アラバマ. The Equal Justice Initiative dedicated the monument — The National Memorial for Peace and Justice — to the legacy of enslaved Black people, “African Americans humiliated by racial segregation and Jim Crow, and people of color burdened with contemporary presumptions of guilt and police violence.” | <urn:uuid:62f47ad0-cbb9-4fef-865e-44e743c3fd42> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://i898.s1000.xrea.com/one-of-the-most-prolific-slave-trading-ports-in-the-us-will-finally-open-as-a-museum/?lang=ja | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957401 | 537 | 2.546875 | 3 |
By Nina Bachkatov
Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, Europeans have never left any doubts about their support for the victim of an aggression by a country already identified as the main threat to the continent’s security and to the Western values. Now, in a couple of weeks, this support has, and will be, tested. In an acceleration initiated from Brussels, EU found itself facing a decisive step in his development. It has to decide by the end of June to grant, or not, the status of candidates to EU membership to Ukraine, lately extended to Georgia and Moldova. This normally very slow process changed gear on 8 April. During her visit in Kiev, the EU Commission president Ursula von der Leyen handed to “dear Volodymyr” the questionnaire his country had to complete it if wants to receive EU candidate status. It consists in 2 parts: one contains political and economic criteria and the second one includes an evaluation of the compliance of Ukrainian legislation with the legal acts of the European Union.
Please continue reading page 2 | <urn:uuid:0331e37d-8fe0-4d48-800c-1a435c566607> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.russia-eurasia.eu/?m=202206 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953736 | 216 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Whether they are paper pumpkins or real pumpkins, there’s just something I love about toothy smiling jack-o’-lanterns. With just paper, glue, and a little creativity, your kiddos can turn a boring tissue box into a silly jack-o’-lantern tissue box. We always seem to need more tissue boxes around the house once autumn comes – might as well make them part of our Halloween decorations!
Jack-o’-Lantern Tissue Box Craft
Create these fun and easy paper jack-o’-lanterns to wrap around a tissue box. Instant Halloween decor!
- Cube-shaped tissue box
- Orange construction paper, cut to 6″x18″
- Black and green construction paper (scraps are fine!)
- Glue stick
- Double-sided tape
Measure around your tissue box, as well as the height, to make sure the orange paper will fit around. For my box, 6-inches by 18-inches worked perfectly. The paper should above the top of the box about a half-inch or so. Fold the orange paper in half, then in half again, creating four even sections. Cutting through all four sections at once, round the top slightly to create a pumpkin shape. Unfold the paper.
Cut shapes from black paper for eyes, noses, mouth, eyebrows, etc. Glue shapes onto each pumpkin to create silly jack-o’-lantern faces.
Cut a variety of stems from green paper. Attach a stem to the back-side of each jack-o’-lantern with glue or double-sided tape.
Begin attaching the folded jack-o’-lantern paper to the tissue box, one side at a time. A few long strips of double-sided tape work great for this part. Be sure to line up the bottom of the tissue box with the bottom of the paper.
If the end of the paper sticks out or overlaps, tuck it underneath at the corner and secure with tape. No more boring tissue box!
Jack-o’-lantern tissue boxes are a fun way to add a festive touch to your kid’s room or bathroom this fall. And, it seems like teachers could always use more boxes of tissue in their classrooms. Surprise your teacher by bringing this fun jack-o’-lantern tissue box to school!
Even more Jack-o’-Lantern fun:
Paper plate jack-o’-lantern lacing | I Heart Crafty Things
Jack-o’-lantern travel felt board | The many little joys
Roll a jack-o’-lantern game | Inspiration Made Simple | <urn:uuid:610125cd-2d02-4862-a81b-06aaa1987279> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://makeandtakes.com/jack-o-lantern-tissue-box-craft | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.919456 | 581 | 2.0625 | 2 |
so berichtet die Harvard Business Review:
“When it comes to design thinking, the bloom is off the rose. Billed as a set of tools for innovation, design thinking has been enthusiastically and, to some extent, uncritically adopted by firms and universities alike as an approach for the development of innovative solutions to complex problems. But skepticism about design thinking has now begun to seep out onto the pages of business magazines and educational publications.
The criticisms are several: that design thinking is poorly defined; that the case for its use relies more on anecdotes than data; that it is little more than basic commonsense, repackaged and then marketed for a hefty consulting fee. As some of these design thinking concepts have sloshed into the world of policy, and social change efforts have been re-cast as social innovation, the queasiness around the approach has also begun to surface in the field of public policy.
However, most critics have missed the main problem with design thinking. It is, at its core, a strategy to preserve and defend the status-quo — and an old strategy at that. Design thinking privileges the designer above the people she serves, and in doing so limits participation in the design process. In doing so, it limits the scope for truly innovative ideas, and makes it hard to solve challenges that are characterized by a high degree of uncertainty — like climate change — where doing things the way we always have done them is a sure recipe for disaster.
A New Name for an Old Method
To understand why design thinking is fundamentally conservative, it’s important to look at its antecedents.”
Lesen Sie den ganzen Artikel in der September Ausgabe “Technology & Innovation” von Harvard Business Review. | <urn:uuid:3502beb9-0756-4726-8be6-e458ab69f225> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.entrepreneurship.de/artikel/design-thinking-is-fundamentally-conservative-and-preserves-the-status-quo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947512 | 363 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Data from: Do convergent ecomorphs evolve through convergent morphological pathways? Cranial shape evolution in fossil hyaenids and borophagine canids (Carnivora, Mammalia)
Tseng, Zhijie Jack; Wang, Xiaoming (2011), Data from: Do convergent ecomorphs evolve through convergent morphological pathways? Cranial shape evolution in fossil hyaenids and borophagine canids (Carnivora, Mammalia), Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8577
Cases of convergent evolution, particularly within ecomorphological contexts, are instructive in identifying universally adaptive morphological features across clades. Tracing of evolutionary pathways by which ecomorphological convergence takes place can further reveal mechanisms of adaptation, which may be strongly influenced by phylogeny. Ecomorphologies of carnivorous mammals represent some of the most outstanding cases of convergent evolution in the Cenozoic radiation of mammals. This study examined patterns of cranial shape change in the dog (Canidae) and hyena (Hyaenidae) families, in order to compare the evolutionary pathways that led to the independent specialization of bone-cracking hypercarnivores within each clade. Geometric morphometrics analyses of cranial shape in fossil hyaenids and borophagine canids provided evidence for deep-time convergence in morphological pathways toward the independent evolution of derived bone-crackers. Both clades contained stem members with plesiomorphic generalist/omnivore cranial shapes, which evolved into doglike species along parallel pathways of shape change. The evolution of specialized bone-crackers from these doglike forms, however, continued under the constraint of a full cheek dentition and restriction on rostrum length reduction in canids, but not hyaenids. Functionally, phylogenetic constraint may have limited borophagine canids to crack bones principally with their carnassial instead of the third premolar as in hyaenids, but other cranial shape changes associated with durophagy nevertheless evolved in parallel in the two lineages. Size allometry was not a major factor in cranial shape evolution in either lineage, supporting the interpretation of functional demands as drivers for the observed convergence. The comparison between borophagines and hyaenids showed that differential effects of alternative functional “solutions” that arise during morphological evolution may be multiplied with processes of the “macroevolutionary ratchet” already in place to further limit the evolutionary pathways available to specialized lineages. | <urn:uuid:c0a849fe-dcb3-4256-a30f-5794dd232cec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://datadryad.org:443/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.8577 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.869057 | 559 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Research | Education | Facilities
SpacePort Australia® has nominated 3 areas of research interest
Committed to the education and training in STEM, medical and computer sciences
Aims to construct facilities to aid its research and development aims
SpacePort Australia® aims to develop technological and biological solutions to aid human exploration of space.
SpacePort Australia® Pty Ltd is an Australian based company committed to the development of an integrated educational, technological and research facility invested in the space industry.
The company aims to contribute to the development of technological fixes for biological, electronic, technological and fuel problems currently experienced by the space industry.
The space industry will be worth an estimated $3 trillion USD in 30 years
SpacePort Australia® will be offering a number of positions in it’s facilities. These positions will range from applied research, computer maintenance and clinical medicine. | <urn:uuid:847e7409-5e0b-41be-8064-11c5a9c901b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spaceportaustralia.com.au/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.900703 | 200 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Share This Story! Let friends in your social network know what you are reading about Facebook Email Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest Fab Five scandal doesn’t tell full story of Ed Martin: ‘He helped everybody’ Carl Martin, the son of infamous Michigan basketball booster Ed Martin, chronicles his dad’s life, the Fab Five, and the NCAA’s hypocrisy in new book. Sent! A link has been sent to your friend’s email address. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. Join the Conversation To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs Carl Martin, Special to the Detroit Free Press Published 12:00 a.m. ET April 30, 2018 CLOSE Looking back on Michigan’s star-studded recruiting class of 1991 that shocked the world. Video by Ryan Ford/DFP Wochit CONNECT TWEET LINKEDIN COMMENT EMAIL MORE Carl Martin had a front-row seat to one of college basketball’s most infamous eras. Carl, the son of Ed Martin, the former booster whose payments to Chris Webber and other members of the Fab Five — led to one of the most high-profile investigations in NCAA history, chronicles his father’s life in his new book, “The Booster: How Ed Martin, The Fab Five… Read full this story
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- 'A lot of people are crying, I guess': Clint Eastwood blasts Oscar race row boycott as Charlotte Rampling defends her comments calling the backlash 'anti-white'
- Life at the migrant centre: 'You’re changing lives, that's what keeps you going'
Fab Five scandal doesn't tell full story of Ed Martin: 'He helped everybody' have 367 words, post on www.freep.com at March 31, 2018. This is cached page on Goose Art. If you want remove this page, please contact us. | <urn:uuid:da5feea4-65fd-4485-a37a-f1f36e4a1acc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gooseart.net/2018/03/fab-five-scandal-doesnt-tell-full-story-of-ed-martin-he-helped-everybody/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.888875 | 594 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Palo Verde Nuclear Power Plant’s Unit 3 Shut Down
The unit was tripped on March 5th due to low departure from nucleate boiling ratio. The company reported that all systems operated correctly during the shut down with no release of radiation and no harm to plant or workers.
This means that Palo Verde is operating only one unit at full capacity, unit 2, and unit one is operating at 25% capacity since exiting its refuelling cycle. A vibration was detected in one of the pipes in the backup safety system. Unit 2 is operating at full capacity. | <urn:uuid:42ffde3d-1c09-4e7e-bbae-3e7ce8ca6319> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.outsidethebeltway.com/palo_verde_nuclear_power_plants_unit_3_shut_down/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974054 | 118 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Australian company iZone is offering advanced air conditioning solutions featuring smart device controls and unique control algorithms that are designed to maximise efficiency and minimise costs.
“Thanks to the emergence of smart technology, climate control systems have come a long way, but not all systems are created equal,” says iZone.
“Regulating a home’s heating and cooling with maximum efficiency and minimal costs, all depends on the level of control engineered into the system. With greater control comes increased comfort, lower running costs and an extremely secure system.”
According to iZone, a system with a floating sensor is the most efficient way of controlling different temperatures in different zones. The floating sensor constantly monitors all the sensors in the home to see which sensor should be the controlling sensor. As the temperatures in zones change, the controlling sensor hops from zone to zone. Once zone set-points have been reached, any excess air is bypassed into the return air bypass damper, helping the system to cycle more effectively.
iZone says that having an in-duct supply air sensor adds another level of control and efficiency.
“Installing this into the path of the fan coil in the supply air starter will allow the temperature of the air in the duct to be measured,” says the company. “This then allows a zone damper to open, so any remaining hot or cold air in the supply air duct can be used, rather than having to restart the machine.”
Other features highlighted by iZone include a bypass damper to improve comfort and control, auto fan control, and economy mode.
“The best climate control systems should be capable of delivering precise climate control, greater energy efficiency and improved comfort all year round,” says iZone.
“The technology seen in today’s home climate control systems can help save time, money and the planet; and finally put an end to consumers wrestling with temperature settings in order to achieve the perfect room climate.” | <urn:uuid:3aa90e1d-399b-400f-9597-4703b5006bbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hvacrnews.com.au/products/izone-brings-smarts-to-climate-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.918028 | 410 | 1.75 | 2 |
Some little rain, purchased two fine horses & took a Vocabiliary of the language litened our loads & packed up, rained contd. untill 〈2〉 12 oClock we Set out at 2 oClock at the Same time all the Indians Set out on Ther way to meet the Snake Indians at the 3 forks of the Missouri. Crossed a Small river from the right we call [blank] [NB: This was the main river or Clarks ] Soon after Setting out, also a Small Creek from the North all three forks Comeing together below our Camp at which place the Mountains Close on each Side of the river, We proceeded on N 30 W. Crossed a Mountain and Struck the river Several miles down, at which place the Indians had Encamped two days before, we Proceeded on Down the River which is 30 yds. wide Shallow & Stoney. Crossing it Several times & Encamped in a Small bottom on the right side. rained this evening nothing to eate but berries, our flour out, and but little Corn, the hunters killed 2 pheasents only— all our horses purchased of the 〈flat heads〉 oote lash Shutes we Secured well for fear of their leaveing of us, and watched them all night for fear of their leaving us or the Indians prosuing & Steeling them.
Friday 6th Sept. 1805. a clear cold morning. we packed up our baggage the natives got up their horses also and Struck their Lodges in order to Set out for the Missourie. we have now got 40 good pack horses and three Colts. four hunters were furnished horses without loads in order to hunt constant. about 1 oClock we Set out again on our journey. the natives Set out at the Same time for the Missourie we proceeded on soon crossed a large creek in this valley then Soon took the mountains. one of the hunters left us. we went over a Mountain about 7 miles and descended down the Mountain on a creek and Camped. eat a little parched corn. light Sprinkling of rain, through the course of this day—
Friday 6th. A cloudy morning. We exchanged some of our horses, that were fatigued, with the natives; about 12 o'clock some rain fell; and we prepared to move on. At 1 we started, when the Indians also set out. We proceeded over a mountain to a creek, and went down the creek, our course being northwest; found the country mountainous and poor; and the game scarce. Having travelled about 7 miles we encamped. Four hunters had been out to day, but killed nothing; we therefore supped upon a small quantity of corn we had yet left.
Friday 6th Sept. 1805. a clear cold morning. we began to pack up our baggage and look up our horses &c. bought a nomber of lash chords and other Small articles from the natives at 10 oClock A. m. the natives all got up their horses and Struck their lodges in order to move over on the head of the Missourie after the buffalow. they make a large Show as they are numerous and have abundance of horses. we take these Savages to be the Welch Indians if their be any Such from the Language. So Capt. Lewis took down the Names of everry thing in their Language, in order that it may be found out whether they are or whether they Sprang or origenated first from the welch or not. about noon we got ready to Set out. we have now 40 good pack horses, and three Colts. we loadd. the horses Several men had to take 2 horses &c. 4 hunters were furnished horses without loads to hunt constant. about 1 oClock P. m. we Set out. the natives Set out at the Same time to go over on the missourie. we proceeded on our journey. crossed a large creek went over a mountain about 7 miles came down on the Same creek and Camped nothing to eat but a little pearched corn. on[e] hunter Stayed out all night. light Sprinklings of rain through the course of the day.
Friday Septemr— 6th A clear cold morning, and we began to pack up our baggage & collect our horses in order to get ready to proceed on our Journey, we purchased a number of Cords & other small articles from the Indians, for some small articles of merchandise. About 10 o'Clock A. M. the Indians collected their horses, & struck their lodges, in order to move over on the head waters of the Mesouri River after Buffalo. they made a large show & were numerous and had abundance of horses. We all suppose these Indians to be the Welch nation of Indians, if there be any such a Nation; & from their language we believe them to be the same. Captain Lewis took down the names of almost every thing in their language in order to find whether they are the same,— or if possible to find out from their language & if there is any thing similiarity between it, & the Antient Welch language, & [illegible, crossed out] whether they originated from the Welch.— About noon we got ready to set out on our Journey, & we have 40 good pack horses which our officers had purchased 〈from〉 & exchanged with these Indians.
They had also purchased 3 Colts; that in case we should be without provisions, that we might have something for to subsist on.— We loaded our horses, & our hunters were also furnish'd with horses without loads, to hunt on.— About 1 oClock P. M we set out. The natives set out at the same time, to go over on the Mesouri River to hunt buffalo, after taking an affectionate leave of us.— We proceeded on our Journey, and crossed a large Creek, and went over a Mountain about 7 Miles across.— We asscended this Mountain, and came to the same Creek that we crossed this day, & encamped.— We had nothing to eat except a little parched Corn Meal, but our party are all contented. One of our hunters did not return to us this night | <urn:uuid:3795acc9-c028-4b2e-9733-732448c49ef1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1805-09-06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962205 | 1,293 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Weidinger Landschaftsarchitekten: How is it possible to keep an artificial basin clean, which is used daily by up to 3000 swimmers, without chemical additives? The monitoring of processes in nature and the application to technical questions creates new technologies. The natural modules of the new eco-tech may be used as interesting and aesthetic elements in cityscape. The open air public-bath is situated in the centre of town. All public facilities are within walking distance. The bath becomes part of the “Auenparks” (floodplain-parks), providing contact to the outer nature. The pond south of the bath can be used by sailing or rowing boots. The locker-rooms and maintenance-building are placed to the southern edge, for direct reading of the connection to the floodplain-landscape.
From the cash point, which is arranged at the elevated entrance, you have a view of the whole bath, you can smell and hear the water. A long boardwalk next to the building gives the possibility to walk in a northward direction to the part of activities with beach-volleyball, kid’s-beach, play-runnel and so on. Located southward in between the swimming pond and the other ponds outside is a lawn for sunbathing. The swimming pond features cliff diving, 25m lane, a beach and circle swimming.
The Water from the swimming pond flows into the regeneration pond and is filtered vertically through different layers of sediments where the act microorganisms. Cleaned water is pumped back via the water playground and the “well stones” into the swimming pond. Natural processes of the fresh-water cycle will be initiated and cleanse the swimming-water. We understand “eco- tech” as a new technical standard. Because of that we use modern concepts for free space and architecture, to describe the new relationship between human and nature.
The project was awarded the Architecture Award of the Free State of Saxony 2003.
Landscape Architecture: Weidinger Landschaftsarchitekten
Location: Grossenhain / Germany
Competition: 1. price 1998
Principal: City of Grossenhain
Dimension: 1,6 ha
Construction costs: 3,1 Mio €
Architect: Springer Architekten
Foto: (C) Bernd Hiepe/Berlin | <urn:uuid:3ea7cfad-2aee-4be7-bef8-d50cc4dc0e09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://landezine.com/natural-swimming-pool-grossenhain-by-weidinger-landschaftsarchitekten/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.923811 | 498 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Many of us have a habit of neglecting home repair. Roof leaks are one of the most common repair problems homeowners face. But putting a bucket under a leak in your roof and moving on with your life may not be a smart idea. If you don’t call in the roof repair specialists to fix the problem, it can lead to many other issues and quickly get out of hand. Read on to learn about the consequences of not fixing a leaky roof.
Water can cause your home's frame to rot, bow, and splinter, which is incredibly unsafe. When neglected, continuous water leaks from the roof can damage the entire structure and interior of your home, which can be extremely expensive to fix.
With moisture comes mould and mildew. If mould and mildew develop from a leak in your roof, your home's entire structure could be affected. Mould can multiply rapidly in your home and invade the vents. Eventually, mould and mildew may be present on your rugs, furniture, and personal belongings. Getting rid of mould and mildew isn't easy and can be very expensive.
A hole in your roof provides the perfect entry point for some unwelcome visitors, such as spiders, cockroaches, or rodents. Pests can cause a lot of damage to your home, and once they're in, it can be a huge hassle to get rid of them. No one wants to share their home with bugs and rodents, so it's best to get that leak fixed ASAP!
As well as causing damage to your home, leaks can have a detrimental effect on your health. Mould spores, a cold space, dampness, and pests are likely to compromise your immune system, which leads to sickness. Toxic mould can cause health hazards like lasting nasal congestion and asthma. Contact a roofing expert at the first sign of mould or mildew, so your air quality isn't compromised.
Creates a Fire Hazard
If you have lights or fans on your ceiling, they may develop issues with time because of the leaking water. Serious leaks can also short out electrical wiring in ceilings and walls, which becomes a fire hazard. If you detect a leak in your roof near the ceiling or wall wiring, turn off the electricity in these areas until an electrician can examine the affected wires.
More Expensive Power Bills
Insulation fills the open spaces in the walls and ceiling to prevent heat from transferring out or in. If you leave a leak in your ceiling, the water that comes through will permeate the insulation in these spaces. Energy will escape from your house, making it difficult to maintain the temperature indoors. To keep it warm, you will have to use more energy, which will increase your bills significantly.
Got a leak?
If you think you may have a leak, Ascent Roofing can get it fixed ASAP. Ascent Roofing is a leading roofing company in Auckland, providing cost-effective solutions for a wide range of roofing needs. One small drip can symbolise a larger, potentially latent roofing issue, and we all know that roofing issues mean an investment of time and money. Get in touch with us today for all your repair and roof maintenance in Auckland. | <urn:uuid:85c06936-d236-4a90-9072-17be7649af0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ascentroofing.co.nz/roofing-tips/6-reasons-to-fix-a-leaky-roof-asap | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.948525 | 668 | 2.046875 | 2 |
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — The Kansas Ethics Commission says it is aware of unsolicited text messages received by Kansas voters Monday on Amendment 2 that some have described as confusing.
KSHB 41 has received several news tips regarding the text messages.
"Women in KS are losing their choice on reproductive rights," the text message reads. "Voting YES will give women a choice. Vote YES to protect women's health. Stop2end."
A spokesperson for the Kansas Secretary of State said it received phone calls over the text messages. Kansas law doesn't authorize the Secretary of State's office to regulate campaign ads or messaging.
The messages are being received from numbers that begin with "888" and have no attribution of a sender.
Through a Twitter thread, the Kansas Governmental Ethics Commission also addressed the texts.
The commission said that under current Kansas law, text messages advocating for ballot initiatives don't require a disclaimer saying who paid for them.
Ashley All, with Kansans for Constitutional Freedom, sent KSHB 41 the following statement:
This is yet another example of the desperate and deceitful tactics of the Value Them Both campaign, lying to the voters of Kansas,” said Ashley All, spokesperson for Kansans for Constitutional Freedom. “The truth is that voting yes opens the door to a total ban on abortion. A NO vote maintains current regulations on abortion. A NO vote protects our constitutionl right to safe, legal abortion in Kansas. A NO vote keeps the constitution unchanged. A NO vote prevents government control over private medical decisions.”
Kansans for Constitutional Freedom are urging voters to vote no on the amendment.
Representatives with the Value Them Both Coalition, which is in favor of Amendment 2, said it was not behind the texts:
"This is not from any member organization of the Value Them Both Coalition, nor the coalition itself. All Value Them Both Coalition communications include identifying information of the source, which this text does not." | <urn:uuid:9c2e244b-bfcf-4665-ae17-57eb267cb04b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/kansas-voters-report-receiving-confusing-text-messages-monday-afternoon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.948102 | 407 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Wait, What; s the Difference Between a Double Bed and a Queen Bed
Wait, What's the Difference Between a Double Bed and a Queen Bed?
Lindsey Lanquist is a Nashville-based writer and editor covering home décor, health, fitness, food, and lifestyle. She earned her bachelor of arts in journalism from Elon University in 2016 and a master of science in publishing from New York University's School of Professional Studies in 2018, where she won the Award for Excellence in Magazine and Digital Publishing. In addition to serving as former senior editor at StyleCaster and staff writer at Self, her work has appeared in Cosmopolitan, Byrdie, Verywell, SheKnows, MyDomaine, Nylon, and more.
Beds come in different sizes. This isn’t news to anyone, even though few of us may know what the sizes actually mean. Twin beds are the skinny ones—we’ve got that. And king beds are the really wide ones. But double beds and queen beds? We know they’re bigger than twins and smaller than kings, but our knowledge stops there. If someone asked us to define the precise difference between them, we probably couldn’t.
When it comes down to it, though, there really is a difference between double beds and queen beds. In fact, there are a couple of differences. For starters, queen beds are 6 inches wider than double beds. While double beds are 54 inches wide, queen beds are 60 inches wide. Queen beds are also 5 inches longer than double beds. While double beds are 75 inches long, queen beds are 80 inches long. These may not seem like big numbers, but anyone who’s ever shared a bed knows what a difference 30 square inches of space can make.
Стандартные размеры кроватей
Размер кровати принято измерять в двух системах: европейской (метрической) и американской (английской). В первой вы найдете только понятные цифры ширины матраса, длина стандартная и составляет 200-210 см. А вот в американской у кроватей есть свои имена, а длина разнится. Эти отличия в системах измерения приводят к тому, что, заказывая кровать американского производства, нужно там же брать и матрас, и постельное белье, так как российские производители пользуются европейской системой.
What is the best duvet for a Scandinavian style two-duvet Bed?
In the USA? We recommend this best duvet insert
Brooklinen is our favorite. In the US, high quality twin duvets can be difficult to find. Brooklinen has some super warm, fluffy and lightweight comforters. In addition, all their products come with a lifetime warranty.
In Europe and the UK? We recommend
You can’t go wrong with a Ringsted duvet, widely considered one of the best brands in Scandinavia. It’s very easy to buy online at Ellos. We like a heavy duvet all year round
For those looking for seasonal options, try the light comforter in the summer, and a medium one in the winter.
European Duvet Sizes
In Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Iceland, the duvets have the same standard measurements as the rest of Europe (except the UK, which is slightly shorter, but the same in IKEA).
If you and your partner vary significantly in weight or height, you should rotate your mattress more frequently. This will distribute the fillings more evenly, ensure an even degree of wear and help prevent the mattress dipping or sagging on one side.
You should rotate your mattress at least every three months. This distributes the fillings evenly, ensures each side of your mattress gets equal wear and prevents the mattress from dipping on one side.
You still need to rotate your mattress if you get the bed all to yourself!
Can you loft or bunk both types of mattresses?
Yes, twin and twin XL beds are excellent options for loft and bunk beds. If you’re trying to save space but need extra length, using a twin XL loft bed is ideal. These configurations work well in college dorm rooms, as well as anywhere else where there’s limited space. You can find many options available for bunks for a twin XL mattress, including twin over twin bunk beds, twin XL over twin XL bunk beds, twin over full bunk beds, and twin XL over full bunk beds.
Comfort in bed
Possibly the most important justification behind the significance of bed height is that it affects your comfort and wellbeing on a daily basis. How easy it is to get in and out of the bed is obviously dependent on its height. You don’t want to strain your legs having to lift yourself out of a really low bed. At the same time, you don’t want to have to hurdle your way into bed every night.
Sleep experts say the average person usually needs a bed at a height of 25 inches (including bed frame and mattress). However, this could differ with each individual, dependent on their height or age.
With two sizes of king beds and four names, it can get confusing when you go shopping for a king-size bed. A standard king is also called an Eastern king and a California king is also called a Western king. A standard king is about 4" wider and a California king is 4" longer.
Two people sleeping in a king-size bed will get the same amount of personal sleeping space as in a twin bed. In fact, if you pushed two extra-long twin beds together they'd be about the same size as an Eastern king. For great versatility in a guest room, if you have the floor space, use 2 extra long twin beds separately for singles or push them together to make a king bed for couples.
When buying sheets, you have to be careful to purchase the right size. Flat sheets will fit both sizes of king beds, but fitted sheets are cut to fit one or the other. Before you go shopping for sheets, be sure to measure your bed exactly to be sure to buy the linens that will fit exactly.
- Standard King or Eastern King beds are about 16″ wider than a queen bed and the same length. A king-size bed is sold with two box springs or frames and one mattress. This makes it easier to move.
Overall dimensions: 76″ wide x 80″ long
- Width per person: 38″
- Pros: As the widest bed commonly available in stores, the standard king is the most comfortable for two adults. The 80″ length is sufficient for most people. Sheets labeled «king-size» fit a standard king bed.
- Cons: Because of its size, a king bed may not be practical for a single person who has to do the moving by himself. They’re hard to get upstairs, through narrow, winding hallways, and small rooms. A king bed may not be long enough for very tall people. Bedding is most expensive in the king sizes. The wide bed requires at least 3 standard or 2 queen or king pillows, adding to the cost.
- California King or Western King beds are 12″ wider than a queen and 4″ longer. This is the longest bed commonly available in stores and is the best choice for tall people. Like the Eastern king, the California king bed set comes with one mattress and two half-width box springs to be more manageable when moving. Very tall single people can sleep from corner to corner and still be comfortable.
Overall dimensions: 72″ wide x 84″ long
- Width per person: 36″
- Pros: A California king-size mattress is wide enough for two to sleep comfortably and is the longest bed commonly available. Its extra length is good for tall people.
- Cons: This very large mattress may be cumbersome to move and may not fit up stairs, through narrow hallways, or in small bedrooms. Like the Eastern king, the California king bed set comes with one mattress and two half-width box springs to be more manageable when moving. Very tall single people can sleep from corner to corner and still be comfortable.
Note: Some bed manufacturers differ slightly in their definition of "standard" sizing. Before you go shopping for bedding, be sure to get the exact measurements of your bed so you are able to purchase the correct size sheets. | <urn:uuid:e8e0c4c7-3b4b-463d-ab44-f46d9796ae80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cattelanshop.ru/krovat-double-chto-eto.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.883464 | 2,180 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Pregnancy Gingivitis is a Common Condition that is Easily Prevented
One of the most rewarding, exciting and happiest times of life happens when you’re expecting a baby, and you want that time to be one of the healthiest times of your life as well. After all, a lot is riding on that.
At Downtown Dental Associates of Portland, we understand this and want you to have the best possible experience and that includes maintaining great oral health during this important time.
Let’s face it, your body is different when you’re pregnant. You are producing hormones such as progesterone in greater amounts. You are likely eating more frequently, and both of these things add up to potential problems for your dental health.
Pregnancy’s biggest impact on oral health comes due to the increased amounts of progesterone that is part of being pregnant. Progesterone is known as the pregnancy hormone for good reason. Though it is always present in some amount in healthy women, the body produces more of it to help the body prepare for pregnancy and, later, to nourish the baby.
Unfortunately, increased progesterone levels also increase your body’s sensitively to dental plaque. This coupled with the increased flow of the blood to the gums along with more frequent eating that often accompany pregnancy can lead to sore, swollen or bleeding gums or what we call pregnancy gingivitis.
Though this is a common occurrence, it doesn’t have to be. During pregnancy more than ever, great oral hygiene means fewer problems with dental health. It can also reduce the potential for what some studies show as complications that can arise from severe gum disease during pregnancy if the gingivitis goes unchecked.
So during pregnancy more than ever, we urge you to see your dentist before becoming pregnant and during your pregnancy. We also urge you to be sure to brush after eating and floss one or more times per day. Regular dentist visits and more vigilant oral hygiene will lessen the chance that you’ll have to deal with pregnancy gingivitis.
At Downtown Dental Associates of Portland, we are here for you, so don’t hesitate to call if you have questions about this or any other dentist-related matter. If you’d like to book an appointment, please visit our appointment page. | <urn:uuid:a0070532-48cc-4131-8df7-f5d91c43addd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://portlandor.dental/dentistry/pregnancy-puts-emphasis-on-good-oral-care-avoid-pregnancy-gingivitis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95935 | 483 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Working remotely: A professional’s guide to the essential tools (free PDF)
The remote workforce continues to grow, and both employers and employees are finding numerous benefits. This ebook offers a practical look at the tools that can facilitate collaboration and communication, telepresence, project and time management, and security.
From the ebook:
Seemingly overnight, remote work has gone from that rare unicorn of workforce arrangements to a standard component of many people’s workweek. According to one Gallup poll, 43 percent of employed Americans log at least some out-of-office, on-the-clock time. A full 31 percent of those who work remotely at least some of the time spend four or five days a week out of the office.
What explains the change? Some of it has to do with the rise of the freelance worker. Nearly 50 percent of millennials are freelancers, and employers are limited in how and when they require contract employees to be onsite.
But many employers are also allowing or even encouraging their traditional employees to work remotely, and for good reason. While the battle rages on between proponents of out-of-office time on one hand and the serendipity of workplace encounters on the other, it turns out there are some compelling benefits to remote work arrangements that shouldn’t be overlooked.
What are the biggest benefits of a remote workforce?
For employers, those benefits come in the form of a larger potential labor pool. When an employee pool isn’t geographically restricted, the likelihood of finding the right employee rises. And out-of-area employees can be cheaper in many cases, saving employers money.
There’s also evidence that remote workers are more productive. According to a Global Workplace Analytics survey, 53 percent of remote workers said they were likely to work overtime. That’s compared to just 28 percent of in-office workers. | <urn:uuid:176b8f42-f3ad-46c4-b892-f1a66e4c40b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techrepublic.com/resource-library/ebooks/working-remotely-a-professional-s-guide-to-the-essential-tools-free-pdf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955949 | 389 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Today we created and ate a tasty Tudor feast! Mrs Iliff visited her dad and helped him to harvest lots of fresh, seasonal vegetables. She brought in huge carrots, celery, parsnips, onions and cabbages. We were very impressed with his green fingers and couldn't believe how much he had grown!
With Mrs Rotherham, Mrs O'Neill, Mrs Kinsella and Mrs Millington's help, we washed them and cut them up carefully before adding stock and some herbs to add extra flavour to our Tudor style pottage. They cooked away in huge pans for a few hours and the tantalising smell drifted around the school while we worked away at our coat of arms. We made bread to go with the pottage and think that we gave Paul Hollywood a run for his money as bakers. Once we left the dough to rise, Mrs Rotherham brought it back to us to show how it had doubled in size.
After lunch our feast was almost ready, but not before we had each crafted exquisite marzipan fruits as the centrepiece for our feast. We had such an interesting and fun day and will be using our experiences to learn more about the Tudors and create Tudor menus. | <urn:uuid:f3caec56-56f0-436b-ba1d-90173fcba042> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.staloysius.co.uk/tasty-treats/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.987297 | 252 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Press Ups Facing Out on the Pilates High Chair is the second half of the Press Ups series. Generally, you do this version after you do the Facing In variation. While the springs and choreography are fairly similar the strength and coordination are different. I love this version because it really helps you connect to the same back muscles you need for Stomach Massage, Reach Back, Hip Circles on the Mat and Reverse Push Through on the Cadillac, just to name a few. You can do this exercise without the "grand finale" and while the goal is to someday have your legs at 90 degrees, it is possible to hold them much lower.
Reaching into the handles from your back will help you control the down.
After completing the Press Ups Facing In with the pedal down, carefully turn around on the pedal to face out. If you are not coming into this exercise from the Facing In version, for safety reasons, get on the pedal as if you were going to do the Facing In version and then carefully turn around on the pedal. Place your heels together and your toes apart. With your toes at the front of the pedal and your shoulders on your back, reach your tailbone towards your feet and lift your heart up. It's tempting to scrunch your shoulder blades together. Try to keep them wide on your back.
To begin, press your hands into the handles and your feet into the pedal as the pedal lifts up continue to reach your heart up but your feet down. Then resist the springs to lower back down. Before you take a rest, repeat 3-5x. On the final rep, you can close the spring and reach your legs out front. Be mindful - you'll be tempted to do this from your hip flexors and swing your hips back. Instead, maintain your hips where they are and lift your legs as high as you can without compromising your connections. Then begin to beat your legs open and closed as fast as you can. Lower the legs back to the pedal with control lower to the floor, turn back around and step off one foot at a time.
Be sure to check out more of my Pilates High Chair exercises. I want to help you continue your Pilates High Chair training! | <urn:uuid:438ea35a-393f-4844-bf99-571f44bb6fdc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlinepilatesclasses.com/pilates-exercises/high-chair-exercises/high-chair-press-up-back/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955882 | 456 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Believe it or not, the festive season is literally around the corner! Yes, 2019 has certainly gone by in a flash, and it’s that time of year when South Africans dig deep into their pockets to make most of the holiday and have a merry time with their friends and family. But it’s also the time when South Africans need to know what their legal rights are to make sure they don’t go down the dark road of debt or find themselves on the wrong side of the law this holiday season. Let’s face it- everyone could do with tips to save money and affordable legal services.
Staying on top of and in control of your money are essential parts to financial freedom. Unfortunately, as the latest figures from the National Credit Regulator’s (NCR) Consumer Credit Market Report and Credit Bureau Monitor show, South Africans are drowning in debt: “There are now 25.1million credit-active consumers in the country. But more than 40.8% consumers have impaired records: about 23% of them are at least three months or more in arrears, 12.7% have adverse listings against their names, and 5.1% of consumers have judgments and administration orders against them”. So, things aren’t looking too great on the fiscal side of life, but it’s never too late to start making changes to your life and spending habits to help manage your finances a little more carefully.
LAW FOR ALL: Your Friend in the Law
LAW FOR ALL understands that South Africans are struggling to stay afloat financially, as the cost of living continues to sky-rocket. There is no doubt that consumers’ pockets are being hit hard, so we want to be in your corner and let you know that while the pressure feels inescapable, we put together some handy tips to keep you legally savvy and help keep your head up during these financially tough times.
This month, LAW FOR ALL takes a closer look at:
- Managing Debit Orders in South Africa
Yes, those debit orders coming off your account every month can feel like a financial slap in the face, but it’s definitely best to find ways to managing them and not try and get around them. Many consumers seem to employ a strategy of drawing all their cash before the debit orders can be deducted, only to incur heavy penalties, put their insurance cover at risk or possibly being blacklisted. Here are some tips and advice on how to go about navigating debit orders.
- Legal Insurance Cover in South Africa
While most financially savvy South Africans know that taking out various insurance policies- whether it’s to cover hijackings, illnesses, accidents or death-is the right thing to do, but many don’t think of legal cover before it is too late. The thing is- you never quite know when you will have a run-in with the law, and it can be a very costly affair. LAW FOR ALL’s affordable polices have got your back! This is one of the top tips to save money!
- How to Dispute an Electricity Bill in South Africa
The last thing anyone needs at the end of the month is an inaccurate electricity reading! But challenging a suspicious municipal bill can be a complicated and stressful endeavour. LAW FOR ALL offers some helpful hints to help dispute a incorrect electricity bill in South Africa.
- Flexi Clubs and Timeshare Holiday Schemes in South Africa
Of course, as the year draws to the close, South African across the country are looking for ways to kick up their feet and relax in some beautiful destination. For many, that means relying on flexi club or timeshare scheme to make this a reality. However, in some cases, when it comes to “cashing in” those accumulated holiday points, things don’t quite pan out as planned; or people seem to be stuck in lifetime contracts that don’t deliver on what’s promised. Was it a scam to begin with? What are your options?
End the year on a high note with LAW FOR ALL.
Planning for your future as being financially empowered starts now! You have to sit down, consult with some experts and find a way forward. Of course, take note of all these tips to save money. Sometimes a mountain of debt seems unsurmountable, but with the right guides you can conquer it.
We’ve Got Your Back!
LAW FOR ALL policies are pocket-friendly and provide comprehensive cover for whatever legal challenge life throws your way. For more information on how LAW FOR ALL can become your friend in times of need and help you navigate life have a look at our policies here. | <urn:uuid:d97b99b0-e918-4342-9a0a-abdbff8cba35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawforall.co.za/personal-finances/tips-to-save-money-affordable-legal-services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.947069 | 971 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Thursday, President Obama stood at a White House podium to speak about the most recent killings in a string of mass shootings that have occurred during his presidency and before.
With wounded victims still recovering in hospitals and the Umpqua Community College community in Roseburg, Ore., still reeling from the shock of the attack, Mr. Obama addressed the nation, condemning the massacre and offering condolences and prayers to the families and community of the victims. The president said that “thoughts and prayers are not enough” and urged Americans to push Congress to pass stricter gun laws.
“We are the only advanced country on Earth that sees these kinds of mass shootings every few months,” Obama said in his speech, “Somehow this has become routine. This reporting is routine. My response here at this podium ends up being routine.”
The attack is one of 294 mass shootings that have occurred in 2015, according to the crowdsourced Mass Shooting Tracker database. With nine dead and seven wounded, the attack is the most deadly shooting at an institution of higher education since the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre and the deadliest shooting this year. The gunman reportedly walked onto the Oregon college campus and opened fire in a classroom filled with students.
Stacy Boylan, the father of an 18-year-old wounded victim of the attack, had the events of the attack described to him by his daughter. He recounted the events for Reuters:
After the professor of the class had been shot point blank, the gunman “was able to stand there and start asking people one by one what their religion was. ‘Are you Christian?’ he would ask them… ‘If you’re Christian, stand up. Good. Because you’re a Christian, you’re going to see God in just about one second,’ and he shot and killed them. And he kept going down the line doing this to people.”
The attacker was later killed in a gunfire exchange with two police officers in Snyder Hall on the Umpqua campus.
Douglas Country Sheriff John Hanlin said at a news conference that the “investigation into the shooter and into his motivations is ongoing.”
The sheriff refused to name the gunman, stating, “I will not give him the credit he probably sought via his horrific and cowardly act.”
The recurrence of mass shootings across the United States in recent years have prompted some observers to question whether media coverage may be providing incentive or inspiration for copycat shootings.
“May God bless the memories of those who were killed today. May He bring comfort to their families, and courage to the injured as they fight their way back. And may He give use the strength to come together and find the courage to change,” Obama said in the conclusion of his speech.
This report contains material from Reuters and the Associated Press. | <urn:uuid:21af0daf-d0c4-407c-ab4d-d0f42693f9b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2015/1002/In-wake-of-Umpqua-shooting-Obama-shows-frustration-over-lack-of-gun-reform | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.976752 | 591 | 1.507813 | 2 |
What is the evidence on top-down and bottom-up approaches in improving access to water, sanitation and electricity services in low-income or informal settlements? 2016.
Authors: Annamalai TR, Devkar G, Mahalingam A, Benjamin S, Rajan SC, Deep A. EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London.
What do we want to know?
This systematic review examines the evidence on the effectiveness of different urban-planning approaches in providing access to water, sanitation and electricity services in low-income or informal settlements in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The study was funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the UK government and conducted by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras.
What did we find?
This review found that top-down efforts are ineffective for connecting populations to centralised water, sanitation or electricity services. Bottom up, participatory approaches are effective for local sanitation solutions, but not for water supply or connectivity to other services.
Services provided by public or private agencies through centralised planning and implementation (top-down) appeared effective in individual studies for connecting populations to water, sanitation and electricity. However, where studies were sufficiently similar to justify pooling findings in a statistical meta-analysis, this conclusion was not confirmed. Qualitative synthesis of contextual factors suggest a need for the customisation of solutions to meet local needs, and better delivery of services by alternative/non-government service providers.
Participatory (bottom-up) approaches adopted by NGOs and CBOs suit the construction and maintenance of toilets, which can be standalone, and statistical meta-analysis confirms their effectiveness for individual but not community toilets. Although studies of bottom-up approaches to improving water access appeared positive more often than studies of top down approaches, this difference was not statistically significant in a meta-analysis. Moreover, bottom-up approaches suffer from problems of scaling-up. Replication of successful models may not always be possible, since the same conditions may not be present in different locations.
Neighbourhoods without security of tenure are rarely served well top-down. Bottom-up approaches are also limited in this context, and also in Africa where efforts may be hampered by particularly modest levels of economic development. Public-private partnerships show promise for top-down approaches to improving water supply. Bottom-up, NGO led initiatives for improving water supply need the cooperation and support of the public sector. | <urn:uuid:02940bca-c6ee-47ba-a81c-414b9e90f521> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sanitationupdates.wordpress.com/2016/12/22/what-is-the-evidence-on-top-down-and-bottom-up-approaches-in-improving-access-to-water-sanitation-and-electricity-services-in-low-income-or-informal-settlements/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937878 | 512 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The goals of an environmental studies program include finding ways to increase energy efficiency, minimize pollution, increase environmental awareness and encourage alternative energy use. The main focus for students is to learn how to assess and solve environmental problems.
Masters in Environmental Studies in India
2 Results in Environmental Studies, India
The School of Ecology and Environment Studies offers M.Sc. in Ecology and Environment Studies. It is the first truly interdisciplinary School in India, and possibly in the Eas ... +
The world needs skilled professionals working in the climate change arena more than ever. Get the skills and hands-on experience you need to make a difference. | <urn:uuid:5cedca96-135a-4506-873f-1c9ed6f4b2bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.masterstudies.co.za/Masters-Degree/Environmental-Studies/India/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.925222 | 127 | 1.734375 | 2 |
My particular brand of “Throwback Thursday” usually brings up classic television. When asked to do this piece, one little nugget of retro goodness continually came to mind. It aired during a time long ago when Saturday morning cartoons reigned supreme. One show filled me with excitement the very second I heard the intro music – and that show was ‘Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle!’
Before you start banging on that keyboard to question how Tarzan is sci-fi, let me explain.
Tarzan was created by Edgar Rice Burroughs who wrote some fantastic science fiction novels such as ‘John Carter of Mars’, ‘At the Earth’s Core’, and ‘The People That Time Forgot’. The character at the time was considered a superhero. Not the kind that we are used to in that he was a superhero due to a mutation, super powers or dependent on some superior technology. He was a superhero based on his intellect, superior strength (he was, after all, raised by apes), cunning and sense of heroics. He was what a superhero was before there was a Batman, Superman or Spider-Man.
So why do I love this animated series? First of all, as an artist myself, I was impressed with the visual world of ‘Tarzan.’ One of my recurring memories was how beautiful and dangerous the rivers looked in the show. The use of perspective and varying speeds of the whitecaps created the feeling of the danger inherent in the wilds of the untamed jungle. The character animation, too, was artfully done. Tarzan’s movements were fluid, not choppy and jerky and succeeded in giving you the idea that he was nimble and strong. He walked with purpose and pride, almost regal in his composure wearing nothing more than animal skin.
Robert Ridgely’s voice as the Lord of the Jungle was clear, intelligent, commanding and compassionate. He was so well spoken, which added to his air of nobility.
‘Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle’ presented children with moving stories, an obvious view of good and bad, and showed us the value of nature and protecting the environment long before society began to focus on it. Even the score of the show was brilliant! The music had an eerie, jungle sound that along with the outstanding visual animation created a feeling of menace and mystery.
While ‘Tarzan’ voice actor Ridgely did an amazing job, the most famous battle cry in film/television history was performed by Danton Burroughs, who just happens to be the grandson of ‘Tarzan’ creator Edgar Rice Burroughs!
Forget what you know of animated shows today, they are not created equal. ‘Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle’ was created the old fashioned way: by long, tedious hours of hand drawn artwork and strict voice over timing and sound effects. This is quality animation and story lines.
‘Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle’ ran for 4 seasons, and I feel it’s due for a comeback. Cartoon Network, perhaps? (Hint hint) Are they even listening?
Do yourselves a favor and take a look at the video below, and then look up all the other amazing productions from Filmation Associates!
Anyone remember this series from Saturday morning cartoons? Let us know of your favorite episodes in the comments below, and remember, protect the jungle and it’s inhabitants! | <urn:uuid:999a9112-8167-4da5-b6a8-6176cf3d9d63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sciencefiction.com/2014/05/29/throwback-thursday-tarzan-lord-jungle-1976-1978/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.970612 | 724 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Innovation is nothing new.
We have been planning, developing, launching, and improving new products, services, and businesses since the dawn of mankind. From Stone Age tools to the AI tech that will power our future robot masters*, innovation has been the driving force behind our progress as a species.
Innovation is one of the pillars of business growth
In any context, innovation is much more than simply developing or implementing a new tool or process. The fundamental goal of every innovation is the creation of “options for future growth”1. Stone Age tools improved our ancestors’ ability to build, hunt, and create. The benefits of today’s machine learning business applications include increased efficiency, greater cost savings, and better customer experiences — all of which make significant contributions to business growth.
It’s important to note that innovation does not mean a product or service that is unlike any other. Just look at Google — when it comes to, say, search engines, email clients, and browsers, we were content to use other highly capable services. Google did not reinvent the virtual wheel; they innovated online experiences, then brought the same logic to hardware products like smartphones, laptops, and smart home devices. We could say the same about big players like Amazon, Apple, and Facebook.
Speaking of Facebook, they entered the hardware market with their own innovations years ago. If this is the first time you are hearing about this, that’s not surprising, as their efforts have not been very fruitful. However, the social media giant’s difficulty in capturing a respectable share of the hardware market has not stopped it from continuously innovating. Clearly Facebook and other successful companies understand that every failure (we’re looking at you, Google Glass) is a learning experience they can leverage to promote business growth.
The giants of Silicon Valley, like the startups clawing at their heels, foster cultures of innovation. Indeed, it was Steve Jobs who provided one of the most popular definitions of the term. “Innovation,” Jobs said, “is the ability to see change as an opportunity, not a threat.”2
Why corporate innovation fails
Since innovation comes in many forms, so too does innovation failure. Sometimes it can arise from external factors like bad timing or changing consumer trends. More often, the key source of failure comes from within an organization itself.
In 2021, market research firm CB Insights analyzed 111 failed startups to determine the most common reasons for their lack of success3. Since startups are, almost by definition, hubs of ideation and innovation, the resulting report can help us frame how to think productively about innovation failure in general. The top three reasons the surveyed businesses sank were:
- insufficient capital (38%)
- lack of market need (35%)
- inability to keep up with the competition (20%).
Flawed business models, regulatory issues, mistimed product launches, and disharmony among stakeholders also featured prominently on the list.
At first glance, these causes of failure may seem too disparate to draw useful lessons from. In fact, there are a few common threads running through them, in particular inadequate resources and unclear go-to-market strategies.
Innovation is about more than just creating ideas. It is an end-to-end process that runs from ideation to execution, encompassing a variety of practical activities. Smart resource allocation, therefore, is crucial if you are going to turn an idea into something commercially viable. The same goes for having a robust business strategy. Blockbuster Video presents an interesting case in point.
At its height, Blockbuster presided over a video rental empire of more than 9,000 stores. In 2022, the company is a shadow of its former self, operating just one store in Bend, Oregon. The standard narrative of Blockbuster’s decline typically focuses on the rise of on-demand streaming in general, and Netflix in particular. However, Blockbuster’s leadership team was all-too-aware in the early 2000s that consumer trends were moving in a direction that favored the likes of Netflix. Indeed, the company already enjoyed a growing digital business by the time Netflix arrived on the scene. Crucially, though, it had also inherited more than a billion dollars in debt – and this massively constrained its ability to pivot successfully when brick-and-mortar rental stores began to go out of fashion. As a result, Netflix is a cultural icon worth hundreds of billions of dollars, while Blockbuster is practically synonymous with innovation failure.4
How to drive innovation to success
1. Know your value proposition and product-market fit
A value proposition is a statement that identifies the benefits your customer will get from buying your product. By articulating these benefits in a clear and measurable way, you can laser-focus on where the true value of your innovation lies from day one — and avoid getting caught up in the inessential details. A good value proposition may take any number of forms, but it will always answer the following questions:
- Who are my potential customers?
- Where can I find them?
- What specific problem does my innovation solve?
- Is the market big enough to justify the project?
Once you have a strong understanding of your market, you can begin to establish your product-market fit. In the words of venture capitalist Marc Andreessen, who coined the term in an influential blog post5, product-market fit simply means “being in a good market with a product that can satisfy that market.” The search for product-market fit leaves little room for sentimentality: it will require an experimental mindset and a readiness to pivot if the need arises. At this stage of your product’s lifecycle, you should treat every interaction you have with a potential customer as data to be parsed. All this data should be directed towards solving the problem you have identified in the research phase.
After you have market-verified your value proposition, the next step in your innovation journey will be to rigorously define the product. Bear this chronology in mind: the second most common cause of startup failure according to the CB Insights report cited above was a lack of market need. In other words, know your market, then know your product.
2. Define your product
During the product definition stage, your innovation should begin looking more and more like a real, commercially-viable product. This is when you cast aside all the vague potential things your idea could be and ruthlessly identify the one thing it has to be.
- Create an identity. This means choosing names, logos, color schemes, and early advertising content.
- Explore marketing strategies. You already know how brilliant and useful your innovation is. Now it’s time to tell your customers too.
- Build your team. Early employees have a profound effect on the identity and culture of a company, and on whether it floats or sinks. Your initial team should have as strong a grasp of your product’s potential, and be as excited about it, as you are.
- Understand pricing. As your innovation moves from idea to product, you can now consider the best pricing strategy. Whether you choose a subscription or one-off payment model, a budget or a premium price, will depend entirely on the market your product is serving.
3. Launch your minimum viable product
Your minimum viable product, or MVP, is the earliest version of your product that customers can actually use to solve their problem. As you progress towards the launch date, you should choose the technology that underpins your MVP. You will need the right programming language, development tools, and infrastructure. You may want a cloud or dedicated server, depending on your needs (more on that here). Of course, you’ll also need the right team, including platform-specific developers with enough experience. If this is too much of a challenge, then it might be time to work with an external agency as you build out the tech.
Next, you must calculate your customer lifetime value (CLV) – i.e. the value of a given customer over the duration of their relationship with your business. This will likely take an improvised, back-of-the-napkin form at first. Once real customer data starts coming in, you can adjust your expectations accordingly. Above all, you must ensure that your CLV is higher than the costs associated with acquiring customers in the first place. Serial entrepreneur David Skok identifies high customer acquisition costs as the second biggest “startup killer” after poor product-market fit6. According to Skok, enthusiastic innovators often “grossly underestimate the cost it will take to acquire customers” and end up paying for it with the future of their business. Avoid this trap.
4. Don’t stop iterating
With an early version of your product now on the market, you can now move to the “final” stage in the innovation process: iteration. This stage typically involves making product modifications based on early customer feedback. It’s also when you can start thinking seriously about the costs and logistics of scale. As always, the conclusions you come to should be grounded in genuine data, not unsupported assumptions. The more data you acquire, the smarter your process will be as you turn your MVP into a fully-fledged consumer product.
How can U+ help your company become a leader in innovation?
The U+ Method can successfully lead the development, implementation, and improvement of digital innovations in any industry, from fintech through automotive to healthcare. U+ takes a sector-agnostic approach to innovation; specific products and markets matter less than the high-level process of taking a business somewhere new.
To date, we have used this method to bring more than 90 innovative products to market, creating over $1 billion in value for Fortune 1000 companies. | <urn:uuid:ed9282a3-3c45-45ed-a266-012337efb9df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gtmmag.com/gtm-metrics-and-mindsets/flying-high-in-the-face-of-failure-the-right-way-to-innovate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.943738 | 2,036 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Attitudes about aging well among a diverse group of older Americans: Implications for promoting cognitive health
The written reflection should be balanced, identifying both strengths and weaknesses in the publication. Your critique should also contain a reflection on your own thoughts and learning from the article. Write succinctly – completed critiques should be no more than three pages (12 point font, double spaced, 1 inch margins). Please use a header with your name and number your pages, do not use a title page.
- Research Focus and Significance
- What is the identified research problem? If there are research questions, are they clearly stated, delimited, and congruent with the research problem?
- What are the specific aims or purposes of the study? Do they match the research problem?
- What is the public health significance of the problem (implications for the care of older adults, extension of science, test of theory, correspondence to National Institute on Aging priorities, etc.)?
- Theoretical Foundation of Research
- If there are hypotheses, are they clearly derived from theory?
- What is the fundamental paradigm being used by the writer? Describe the appropriateness (match)/limitations of this paradigm for use in this study.
- Effectiveness of Literature Review
- How useful is the review of literature (inclusive or appropriate disciplines, well-organized, critical and synthesizing).
- Does the review of literature provide a review of prior, current (<5 years old, except seminal and landmark studies) research conducted on the problem (including theoretical and empirical literature)?
- Does the review of literature make clear what is and is not known about the problem? Is the information that is unknown, reflect the research problem for the study?
- Overall Findings and Impression
- How well does the researcher write? Is the writing accessible to a wide audience or appropriate to the targeted audience?
- How does the material presented apply (or perhaps not apply) to your personal interests in the Psychosocial aspects of aging (think before you dismiss it)?
- At the end of the report, is it clear what knowledge has been gained? Was the problem solved, research question answered, and specific aim/purpose achieved?
- Give the research a letter grade and explain your grade.
Solution PreviewExtending research studies on the impact of culture on aging and its perception among the various societies, Sarah B. Laditka et al. (31) examined the cultural variables among 26 different cultures. | <urn:uuid:0d30a596-8aa4-4907-b628-5226a3ecde1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.homeworkgain.com/downloads/attitudes-about-aging-well-among-a-diverse-group-of-older-americans-implications-for-promoting-cognitive-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.916512 | 510 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Methods of Starting Single
Single Phase Induction Motors
Rotor It is the rotating part of the motor as shown in Figure 2 b.
In all these methods, mostly a second phase, called as an auxiliary phase or start phase is produced to create a rotating magnetic field in the stator.
As, in this technique we use the that produces much lower high order harmonics.
Single Phase Motor Single Phase Motor The electric motors that utilize the single-phase -power supply for their operation are called as Single Phase Motors. | <urn:uuid:92b2cc8e-3910-4d14-9a22-807e15b6ebbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www3.fiskars.com/xeqav12857.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932 | 107 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Infographic: The secret to healthy ageing feature!
It’s no secret, getting old sucks, especially for women. It’s like one day you just woke up old. You have no idea when it happened, it just did. Unfortunately, a lot of women underestimate the importance of healthy ageing. But fear not, for there is a secret to healthy ageing, believe me!
During our teens and twenties, our bodies go through a lot of changes and we seem to keep weight off quite easily. We spend hours in the sun and exercise is the last thing we think about or even need. Unfortunately, when we hit 30 we realize the flawed ideals of our youth. Consequently, we’re left dealing with the consequences. The weekly pizza & wine nights have gone to our hips, the lack of sunscreen on our summer holidays have left their marks on our face. Even the lack of exercise has made simple things like climbing one flight of stairs almost a near death experience. This only gets worse as we get older.
It is true, that is never to late to start a better lifestyle, but know that it will be more difficult the older you get. It is better to start sooner rather than later. Below are 10 hints on how to prevent bad ageing, don’t forget to have a look at our infographic at the bottom of this page for more.
Tips For Healthy Ageing in Women
- Eat healthy. This does not mean that you have to cut out all the pleasures in life, but you have to enjoy everything in moderation. Eat loads of fresh fruit and veg. Cut out unnecessary snacks like takeaways, soda, chips, sugary cereal and sweets. Rather opt for healthier foods like juice, dark chocolate, home-made burgers/ pizza and high fibre cereal.
- Drink lots of water. Water not only hydrates your body, it also hydrates your skin. Have you ever noticed those small white dots under your eyes? Well, those dots indicate that you are dehydrated.
- Use prescription medicine or over the counter medicine correctly. We live in an age where there is basically a pill for everything. In cases like high blood pressure, heart conditions and diabetes these medicines are life saving, but the majority of us use medicine incorrectly. Rather than finding the cause we just pop a pill. Before drinking another pill, first ask yourself; “Do I need it now?” “What caused this?” “Can I wait this out?”. The overuse of medicine can lead to multiple health issues later on in life. Pain medication damage the lining of your stomach which can cause digestion problems and ulcers. Sinus / hay fever and flu medicine can make you constipated, influence concentration and your body can build up a resistance to the drug, especially when used for long periods of time.
- To add on to #3, manage health conditions correctly. If you are diagnosed with a health condition and your doctor has prescribed medicine, a health routine or diet, it is very important for you to follow it. Should medicine make you feel worse, consult with your Doctor for another alternative. Do not self-diagnose or self-medicate.
- Losing weight, when you are older, is one of the most difficult things to do. It is better to work on your weight when you are still in your twenties. This way you will only have to control weight rather than lose it. For those with an extra few pounds, especially when it is located around your waist, it is imperative that you lose it. The best way to lose weight is by doing exercise and improving your diet. You can also opt for Ozone Therapy as you loose up to 500 calories per 30 minute session.
- Reduce protein, fats and white flour products like bread, pasta, pastries and other baked goods.
- Get screened. No matter if you are 20 or 80, it is imperative that you go for yearly checkups. Your GP will make sure functions like the heart and lungs are working as they should. They will check your blood pressure, cholesterol and sugar. Your OBGYN will take a PAP smear to make sure that all your internal cells are normal. Your DENTIST will make sure there are no holes or other issues and will give your teeth a proper cleaning. It is best to see your dentist twice a year. Your OPTOMETRIST will make sure that your eyes are still working as they should, if you need glasses or if your glasses need upgrading. Not all medical conditions have symptoms, early diagnosis can be the difference between life and death.
- Exercise. Getting enough exercise is very important, not only is it good for weight-loss and to improve your body it is also great for your mind. While exercising, your brain releases endorphins, which make you happy.
- Use sunscreen daily. This is especially relevant for people in sunny countries like South Africa. We spend at least 4 hours per day outdoors, either sitting in traffic, exercising or sitting at a café for lunch. Even if you don’t sit directly in the sun, the glare from cars or table tops can still give you sunburn. Add an SPF 40 to your face and neck every morning. If you feel greasy, put some baby powder on a large makeup brush and brush over your face. The baby powder will remove the greasiness.
- Don’t forget cosmetics. I’m not a big fan of cosmetics but looking after your skin is very important. Use face wash and moisturiser morning and night. Never go to bed with your make-up on, make sure you remove everything. If you do not clean your face properly you can end up with blocked pores or even an eye infection. Using an anti-wrinkle moisturiser after the age of 25 will help keep your skin smooth and healthy. Face products and makeup are very expensive, it is however better to use well know products rather than cheaper alternatives. I would say rather purchase a good moisturiser than than a good face wash, regular soap will do the trick.
To help you on your way to a healthier, older you, consider the use of an Ozone Steam Sauna. You can visit us for a ozone session. Not only can Ozone Therapy help you age better, it can also help prevent diseases like diabetes, Alzheimer’s, high cholesterol, arthritis, cancer and heart conditions. If you are already suffering from one of these diseases, Ozone Therapy can help alleviate symptoms and improve your overall health. Ozone Therapy has over 100 Benefits.
Please feel free to contact us for more information regarding Ozone Therapy:
+27 (0) 82 322 5911 | <urn:uuid:73bdd30d-f4c0-4a97-b1ef-c701b3f09bab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://organiesgenoeg.co.za/the-secret-to-healthy-ageing-in-women-infographic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.941031 | 1,384 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Available for Interviews: Dr. Michael Evangel
Dr. Michael S. Evangel, Chiropractic Physician, is the owner of the Chiropractic Wellness Center in Paramus, NJ. For over 30 years, his mission is to provide state-of-the-art, high-quality care to people of all ages. Dr. Evangel also received his master’s degree in Environmental Health and has a passion for this area of expertise.
What Dr. Mike Evangel could say on
Depression & Our Environment:
Besides some of the more known ways to combat depression, like diet & exercise and vitamins & supplements, we can also look to both our environment and our own behaviors to offer solutions.
OUR ENVIRONMENT AND OUR HEALTH
- In addition, heavy metal toxicity, pesticides, and too many prescription drugs have been associated with depression.
- A number of studies have linked chronic depression to dehydration. 85% of brain tissue is made up of water. Dehydration causes mental clarity and focuses to diminish and even can create a “dehydration drunkenness” after losing just 2% of total body weight from dehydration. That is equivalent to a 150-pound person losing about 46 fluid ounces of water.
- To avoid toxins, it is good to drink filtered water, but beware! Groundwater contains the trace mineral lithium, and drinking only filtered water may cause lithium as well as other trace mineral deficiencies.
- Getting out in the fresh air and communicating with nature has a calming effect and is very therapeutic. Spending time in nature is a great way to fight depression. This is called eco-therapy.
Positive Behavioral HabitS
- Trying to be organized and planning your day in an efficient manner can help.
- Making lists so you won’t forget things can also reduce stress.
- Trying to maintain a positive attitude can also be greatly beneficial.
- Sleep deprivation can lead to depression and depression can cause the inability to sleep. They go hand in hand.
Depression is a serious condition that can be deadly. If someone you know is depressed to the point of contemplating doing harm to themselves, to others, or contemplating suicide, immediate medical / crisis intervention is vital.
Interview: Dr. Michael Evangel
Dr. Michael S. Evangel owner of Chiropractic Wellness Center. His practice specializes in treating a variety of conditions, from clinical nutrition to chronic low back and neck pain, to rehabilitation following an accident or injury. Other focuses include improving your diet, what supplements to take, avoiding toxins, creating a healthier workplace, and increasing the overall quality of your health. Dr. Evangel is a former science teacher with a master’s degree in environmental health.
Director of Public Relations
Success In Media, Inc. | <urn:uuid:36586316-7a55-48e8-826b-53e3152756c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://stories.mediaambassadors.com/how-to-wrestle-with-depression-our-environment-naturally/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932851 | 599 | 2.140625 | 2 |
This year more than ever communication between parents and teachers is so important! Here are some tips to help.
We live in a time where education for your child is not just limited to the classroom. Teachers and your child have their work cut out for them when they head into a new school year.
There is assessing your child’s academic knowledge as soon as the school year begins. There are learning programs to be implemented in language arts, math, and science.
Teachers must be aware of each of their students’ progress throughout the school year for anywhere from 20 – 35 students. Whew! This is a lot for the students to learn and for the teacher to accomplish!
All students learn differently and may need a little extra one-on-one studying at home with the parent. Such as learning alphabet letters and sounds, blending words, numbers and math strategies, handwriting skills, sight words, writing, or fluency reading.
It’s very important for a parent to keep an open communication with your elementary school teacher in case your child needs extra assistance in a particular learning area. Here are some parent/teacher communication tips to help you accomplish that.
Tips for Improving Parent / Teacher Communication
Always Check Your Child’s Backpack, School Folder, or Agenda
Often schools supply their students with a school folder or a calendar agenda. School notes or special notifications from the teacher are inserted into the school folder, as well as homework assignments and classroom work.
You definitely want to keep up-to-date on school and classroom happenings. When you check for school notifications, also review the completed work and keep an eye on how well your child is accomplishing classroom assignments.
Introduce Yourself to the Teacher
A few days after school has begun, if you find the teacher has a moment after class, introduce yourself and let the teacher know the best way to contact you. If you are a parent who enjoys helping out in the classroom, let the teacher know. Offer your email or cell phone number for questions or requests.
Send a Note
If you are working during your child’s school hours, slip a note into your child’s folder for the teacher. Introduce yourself, list the best way to contact you if the teacher has concerns, and inform the teacher of anything he or she may need to know about your child.
Sign up for Email Notifications or the Remind app
If your child’s teacher has an email newsletter or notification app the teacher utilizes such as Remind, sign up. You will be in the know of all classroom activities, special requests, assignments, or field trips ahead of time.
One Last Thing, Be Open-minded
Every teacher runs a classroom differently. One way of teaching, organizing, or communicating may work for one teacher, but not the other. Be patient and open-minded to the teacher’s teaching process with your child.
Teachers realize your child is precious and loved by you, and it’s important to not get defensive if your child’s teacher offers some advice to help your child learn more effectively. Teachers want their students to succeed as much as you want your child to!
Parents and Teachers working together for the benefit of the child is a win-win for all! Offer open communication with your child’s teacher and your child will reap the benefits by having a supportive learning experience not only in the classroom but at home as well.
Looking to give your kids an advantage when it comes to language, reading, math, and more? Try these five educational websites.
Originally published September 13, 2018 | <urn:uuid:578201a5-d762-46a0-a322-6da68553b24f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.splendry.com/living/family/parent-teacher-communication/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.965621 | 746 | 2.78125 | 3 |
You don't need medication to treat eczema. Actually, there are two types of light therapy that are used as natural remedies for eczema. Talk to your doctor to see which one is right for you. Red light therapy is the first we will talk about. This type uses light in the form of a narrow band that penetrates deep into the skin. You can take the red light therapy via https://rubyled.com/learn-red-light-therapy/.
Doctors claim that it is more focused than other forms of therapy, protecting the patient's skin from burns during the session. You can treat larger body parts without prescription drugs and avoid the side effects. This makes it a very preferred treatment alternative.
Image Source: Google
People used to think it was an autoimmune disease, dermatitis is a disease that causes blisters on the palms of the hands and sores on the feet. It is currently also used to treat this. Few hospitals in America have it because it is so new. The device emits UVA rays during each session, which are directed to the affected area. Each session lasts less than 15 minutes. You can do this several times a week. Redness and itching may appear but go away quickly.
About 5 sessions in the first week are normal for this natural eczema remedy. After that, the frequency is reduced to several times a week. After more than 3 months, the patient usually cannot tell if the patient has eczema. And it started to go away in a few weeks. Red light therapy is also available. Most doctors use this method. | <urn:uuid:14c2e8c2-21d1-4e31-9c24-0a1d5219e070> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rljae.org/tag/led-light-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.965273 | 326 | 1.882813 | 2 |
According to Defence News, The German government has canceled plans to buy Northrop Grumman-made Triton drones to the tune of $2.5 billion, opting instead for manned planes carrying eavesdropping sensors.
Instead of unmanned planes Germany to buy Bombardier Global 6000 aircraft because the officials think that the Global Hawk derivatives would be unable to meet the safety standards needed for flying through European airspace by 2025, a target date for Berlin’s NATO obligations.
The State Department agency that approved the sale said at the time the deal would “support legitimate national security requirements” and “close a crucial capability gap” between the U.S. and its NATO allies.
The decision to buy Bombardier Global 6000 aircraft comes after officials became convinced that the Global Hawk derivatives would be unable to meet the safety standards needed for flying through European airspace by 2025, a target date for Berlin’s NATO obligations.
The U.S. State Department in April 2018 cleared Germany’s request to purchase four MQ-4C Triton drones for signals intelligence missions under the country’s PEGASUS program, short for “Persistent German Airborne Surveillance System.” The program includes a sensor, dubbed “ISIS-ZB” and made by Hensoldt, for intercepting communications and locating targets by their electromagnetic signature.
Developed during the last decade at an estimated program cost of more than $12 billion, the Triton is the next generation of U.S. high-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The drone, working with a ground control station, is designed to patrol vast swaths of oceans and coastal regions.
The U.S. Navy is the primary customer for the Triton, with plans to buy as many as 68 drones, but contractors often can boost profitability by selling systems developed for the U.S. government to allied nations. Australia and India have been mentioned as potential buyers, but Germany was the firmest expression of interest. | <urn:uuid:e0793ce6-5a92-40d9-be8b-445b0f0b5970> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fighterjetsworld.com/latest-news/defence-deals/germany-canceled-2-5-billion-mq-4c-triton-drones-deal-with-u-s/20226/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955661 | 423 | 1.828125 | 2 |
A unique experience of re-enactment
by Séverine Cauchy
The first few minutes of Sandy Amerio's film Dragooned (2012) situate the viewer in familiar terrain — that of archival footage, specifically, a series of newsreels called "United News," produced between 1942 and 1946 by the U.S. Office of War Information. This government agency managed propaganda and promoted patriotism in order to convince Americans of the necessity and validity of the war being waged across the Atlantic.
Black-and-white images with a classic voice-over; film stock showing the effects of time; blurred, shaky images taken by a shoulder-held camera — the sounds and images in these propaganda scenes conjure up a heroism belonging to a distant past. Viewers readily accept that they are watching a historical documentary relating a little-known event from the Second World War: the capture of Le Muy in 1944 by the American soldiers of the 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment.
But this viewing position is suddenly disrupted by a rewind effect: the images on the screen become colorized and are re-shown in reverse, going back in time. It is the first in a long series of disruptions-the voice-over that initially provided jingoistic commentary takes on a life of its own, switching from American English to French, while surreptitiously adopting the familiar modulations of television narrative style. The voice mutates, becoming contemporary and autonomous, abandoning its former register to become increasingly personal. The voice is now present in the texture of these images from the past. It feeds off them and casts doubt on the scenes unfolding in reverse, undoing the viewer's initial impression, dispelling the illusion: this archival footage is not what it seemed to be. Viewers who thought they were on so lid ground are suddenly disoriented, having to adjust their perspective according to a new set of codes. It is precisely this disorienting effect that Sandy Amerio is after: "Stories where there is a reversal, where what you thought you were seeing turns out to be completely different from what is actually happening."
From the outset, the artist intended Dragooned to be a "camouflage film" where viewers are required to revise their own projections. The camouflage technique has a destabilizing effect: what viewers see and hear no longer belongs to pre-established categories.
After this second part of the film, there is a second set of credits, marking the end of the movement back in time. The images once again proceed in chronological order, more slowly, and follow the progression of the voice, advancing without cover. The voice becomes bold and casual. Its outspoken discourse is peppered with unsavory remarks and clearly extremist islamophobic statements that brutally plunge viewers into the contemporary society to which they belong. No longer protected by the barrier of History, they suddenly feel a certain malaise. Through the semantic and visual inconsistencies created by the artist, the viewers slowly become acutely aware that the scenes unfolding before them are not archival footage at all but contemporary images. Extracted from a historical re-enactment, these images are in fact an illusion.
The popular practice of re-enactment, consisting of playing out historical scenes, is the raw material for Sandy Amerio's film. Since 2010, as part of the F for Real research program at the Ecole Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de Nantes Métropole, the artist has explored the complex ties between fiction and reality by examining the practice of re-enactment by its actors, known as re-enactors. She started her research in Japan, where she met Hiroki Nakazato, a well-known Japanese "global re-enactor" who travels the world to reconstitute acts of military prowess. This marked the start of a two-year photography and video project that allowed Amerio to discover a milieu that is usually off-limits to outsiders.
For her 45-minute documentary Dragooned, the artist chose to follow a specific group of men who used to be or are still soldiers. A distinct category among re-enactment experts, these individuals are known as "hard-core re-enactors." Their concern for capturing the authenticity of specific historical periods requires a significant commitment in terms of time and money, as they carefully select uniforms and accessories, and study the behavior, attitudes, and gestures to be adopted. In July 2010, Amerio offered these re-enactor soldiers an opportunity to carry out one of their favorite historic re-enactments — the capture of Le Muy in Provence — in front of her camera. Careful not to include any anachronisms or visual giveaways, Amerio remained true to her artistic purpose. Totally immersing herself in the workings and logic of the re-enactment, she defined the precise perimeter of her field of action, making her film "a closed environment where the conditions of a re-enactment, with everything that this implies, was recreated, fully respecting the vision of the re-enactors, with no off-camera elements".
This fictional creation allows viewers to abandon the initial propagandist vision of History to discover another version — that of the group of re-enactor soldiers and, predominantly, that of the troop's leader, a soldier who "faced with demotion, invokes a parallel heroic narrative in an attempt to reconnect with the vital strength and faith he has lost" as stated in the film's synopsis. Amerio conducted several interviews to gather this living testimony of which she refused to change a word, no matter how hocking it was. The images to which viewers attributed a degree of historic veracity thus insidiously change in status, becoming charged with meanings rooted in a xenophobic discourse indicative of a certain facet of our contemporary society.
Sandy Amerio creates complex intertwinings between past and present, and between the re-enactors and the men they are embodying, which preclude any type of dualist vision. This is the particularity of this re-enactment stage, by the artist. Nothing is fixed; everything oscillates between advancement and retreat, the private and the collective, History and personal histories, past and present, true and false, empathy and rejection. The re-enactment guides the viewer to the cross roads of these contrary movements, without allowing any one of them to be isolated. This is Sandy Amerio's signature approach to apprehending the real. By looking at "a single problem from different angles" and mixing up "fictional laws that might have meaning on another scale," the artist creates frictions or "disjunctions" on which she feels it is necessary and vital to focus. Through this re-enactment, this fiction in which Amerio immerses the more-or-less consensual viewer, she makes use of these disjunctions on several levels.
Dragooned is a fictional playground in which several interpretive leads intersect. A documentary on re-enactment, the film records an event from the past (the capture of Le Muy), at the same time shedding light on our own era. Skillfully orchestrated by Sandy Amerio, this oscillation between documentary and fiction allows for an intertwining of genres in order to better examine the specific details of each. What we are given as an authentically documented event is at the heart of the fictional structure, while, in a simultaneous re bound effect, the foundations of fiction construct and sustain the documented fact to come, that which will make History.
Amerio's main protagonist, the French soldier who plays a character from the past in order to come to terms with his personal history and flagging career, and also to satisfy his desire for recognition, encapsulates questions of identity tied to a personal situation that is inextricably linked to and conditioned by socioeconomic strata. The questions raised by the moving time frames and nascent identities make the practice of re-enactment a tool of political enquiry, where notions of private and public space intersect so that a semblance of meaning can emerge from the chaos. Sandy Amerio uses re-enactment as a tool with the potential to lend meaning to a reality that seems cruelly devoid of all meaning.
The re-enactment which Amerio appropriates for a period of 45 minutes allows her to elude the passage of time for a few instants, leaving us free to construct a unique perspective on events past, present, and future. In the maelstrom of the various visions conjured up by this film-stories both personal and universal, real games of make-believe — the unique perspective that emerges clears a path toward that which is common to us all, toward the specific beings who we are and the very fact of being: "the astounding fact, the only real fact, that things exist, that anything exists, that being is the authentic soul of all the arts." Through her resolutely non-linear approach to time and History, Sandy Amerio drives us into a corner. Although this position is unsettling, she offers us a vision of the real without pretence.
Text by Séverine Cauchy | <urn:uuid:ff489ee6-9428-4a06-b8d0-504db9a8bcdf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://amerio.org/text-dragooned-cauchy-eng.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956191 | 1,901 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Pungmul is a Korean folk music tradition that includes drumming, dancing, and singing. Most performances are outside, with dozens of players, all in constant motion. Pungmul is rooted in collective farming culture. It was originally played as part of farm work, on rural holidays, at other village community-building events, and in shamanistic rituals. Today it has expanded in meaning and is also used in political protest and as a performing art form. Drumming is the central element of pungmul. Each group is led by a kkwaenggwari (small handheld gong) player, and includes at least one person playing janggu (hourglass drum), buk (barrel drum), and jing (gong). Wind instruments (t’aepyongso, also known as hojeok, senap, or nalari, and nabal) sometimes play along with the drummers. Following the drummers are dancers, who often play the sogo (a tiny drum that makes almost no sound) and tend to have more elaborate—even acrobatic—choreography. Finally, japsaek (actors) dressed as caricatures of traditional village roles wander around to engage spectators, blurring the boundary between performers and audience. Minyo (folksongs) and chants are sometimes included in pungmul, and audience members enthusiastically sing and dance along.
Dohee Lee has studied and peformed traditional Korean music and dance since the age of 15. She studied traditional Korean dance at the Suwon Women’s College and folk and court music at the Yongin University under the instruction of numerous masters including Maebang Lee, Sooyoung Lee, Jinsung Yang, Jiwha Ryu, Jungoo Kim, Sukgun Kil, Kwangja Kim, and Kyungwoo Baek. She is currently the Artistic Director of Oakland’s Korean Youth Cultural Center.
In 2009, Dohee participated in ACTA’s Apprenticeship Program with apprentice Kyungseok Kent Hong. The apprenticeship focused on techniques and various textures of several pungmul instruments, including the janggu and the kkwaenggwari, and Kent was trained to adapt to various situations and roles within a pungmul ensemble.
In 2009, master artist Dohee Lee (Oakland) participated in ACTA's Apprenticeship Program with p’ungmul apprentice Kyungseok Kent Hong (Berkeley). The apprenticeship focused on techniques and various textures of several p’ungmul instruments, including the janggu and the kkwaenggwari, and Hong was trained to adapt to various situations and roles within a p’ungmul ensemble.
Rooted in Korean farming culture, p’ungmul is a Korean folk music tradition that includes drumming, dancing and singing. Most performances occur outdoors, with tens of players all in constant motion. Originally played as a part of farm work, during rural holidays and other village community-building events and shamanistic rituals, p’ungmul today has expanded in meaning and is used in political protest, as a performing art form, and as expression of Korean cultural heritage and pride amongst first, second and 1.5 generation Korean-Americans.
Drumming is a key element to p’ungmul. While apprentice Hong focused on several instruments and techniques during his apprenticeship with Lee, their primary focus was for him to deepen his playing of the janggo (hourglass drum), and how to play it while dancing dynamically. The janggo is secured to the body with a simple cotton sash, wound across the torso, through the drum and bound at the back.
Lee and Hong frequently conducted their p’ungmul apprenticeship at the Oakland Asian Cultural Center, a bustling community space located in the heart of Oakland Chinatown. In addition to focusing on the janggo together, Lee imparted to Hong techniques and practice in playing the role of sangswe (percussive leader) in a p’ungmul troupe, deepening his understanding of the feel, quality and timbre of various p’ungmul rhythm and instrumentation.
Frequently during the apprenticeship, Hong would practice as the sangmo, a key role in a p’ungmul group who wears a special hat with a long ribbon. The sangmo must rotate his or her head precisely in range and rhythm to animate the ribbon while drumming and dancing.
These one-on-one apprenticeship lessons, separate from rehearsals and practices that traditionally bring community members to play together, allowed Lee to monitor Hong’s process and technique closely. Hong notes: “I have reached a point where self-study and practice cannot propel me any further, and I look to Lee for higher education to allow me to grow as an artist and eventually as a teacher.”
Dohee Lee has studied and performed traditional Korean music and dance since the age of 15. She studied traditional Korean dance at the Suwon Women’s College and folk and court music at the Yongin University under the instruction of numerous masters including Intangible Treasure Maebang Lee, Sooyoung Lee, Jinsung Yang, Jiwha Ryu, Jungoo Kim, Sukgun Kil, Kwangja Kim, and Kyungwoo Baek. She is currently the Artistic Director of Oakland’s Korean Youth Cultural Center.
“I cannot identify myself without this art form and knowing this value of culture,” Lee reflects. “I have a mission to educate people to learn this art and tell the history, community and identity [of the form], especially here in the U.S.”
Lee’s leadership in the San Francisco Bay Area as a p’ungmul teacher, in addition to her practice as a tradition-based and experimental choreographer, dancer and vocalist has allowed her to work with various Korean and Korean-American community groups and a diverse array of artists including Kronos Quartet, Anna Halprin, Shinichi Iova-Koga’s inkBoat, Tatsu Aoki, Frances Wong, and KUNST-STOFF.
Trained in Western classical music and specializing in violin, 1.5 generation Korean-American Hong realized that “p’ungmul was more than just a musical phase.” Hong first met Lee in 2002 while playing in UC Berkeley’s student p’ungmul group Ego, a group which he ultimately led as sangswe. As his practice developed in past years, he has joined in performances at the Korean Youth Cultural Center where Lee is the Artistic Director, and at annual festivals and performances.
Hong intends to deepen his study in p’ungmul through pursuing a graduate degree in ethnomusicology in 2010, focusing on Korean music, with hopes to promote, advocate and represent Korean music outside of Korea.
While p’ungmul traditionally is orally transmitted, Lee and Hong’s apprenticeship combined both oral transmission and written form. Hong’s musical background allowed him to capture the songs and rhythms in score format, while Lee and Hong also tried to utilize Korean court-based changam-bo scoring methods which are hundreds of years old, and now used to notate classical and folk music forms. | <urn:uuid:0ecf91af-b6a0-4c91-9579-eacb5b1ca8fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://actaonline.org/profile/dohee-lee/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963877 | 1,555 | 2.890625 | 3 |
MANILA, Philippines – Vietnam, one of China’s two toughest challengers in the South China Sea, and 4 other countries sent envoys to a historic hearing that pits Manila against Beijing.
In a news release on Tuesday, July 7, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) explained that the tribunal handling the Philippines’ case “has decided not to open the hearing to the public.”
The tribunal, however, has allowed 5 countries “to send small delegations as observers” for the hearing that began Tuesday.
The PCA, which serves as the venue for the arbitration proceedings, listed the following countries as observers: Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan.
Next to the Philippines, Vietnam is the Southeast Asian country that has most actively challenged China’s claim over the South China Sea.
In fact Vietnam filed a position paper on the Philippines’ case before the PCA in December 2014. In this document, Vietnam joined the Philippines in rejecting China’s excessive claim. | <urn:uuid:13c62a15-cd69-41cf-a588-518a09f74119> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.imoa.ph/vietnam-4-countries-attend-ph-china-hearing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.920914 | 213 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The gravitational force is not equally distributed across our planet. Some places have more gravity than others. This is true, even when measurements are adjusted for height above sea level and the centrifugal force of our spinning planet.
These gravity anomalies are not randomly distributed. They coincide with geological activity. Places with a lot of geological activity have stronger gravity than areas that have little geological activity.
It does not matter if the geological activity is due to uplifting of mountains, or formation of rifts.
Iceland, situated on the mid-Atlantic rift, has stronger gravity than normal. The same is true for the Himalayas and Andes where there has been a lot of uplifting.
North-east Canada and Tibet have very little geological activity, and they both have relatively less gravity than other areas.
Conventional theory holds that mass alone is the source of the gravitational force. The anomalies are therefore explained by a greater abundance of especially dense matter in the geological active zones. Dense matter floats up through less dense matter in both regions of rifting and uplifting.
However, this theory violates the law of buoyancy. Dense matter sinks. It never floats upwards. Uplifting should therefore result in less gravity, and the same should be true for rifting. In both cases, light matter should bubble up towards the surface.
But if gravity is due to capacitance as well as matter, the mystery of gravity anomalies solves itself. Especially if our planet is hollow.
All else being equal, the capacitance of a thin capacitor is greater than the capacitance of a thick capacitor. An expanding hollow planet would therefore be increasing its capacitance, and this would be especially noticeable in areas where the capacitor is cracking.
If the role of capacitance as a source of gravity in our planet is greater than the role of inertial mass, then surface gravity will increase with expansion. The reduction in overall density due to a thinner crust will be made up for by greater capacitance.
An expanding planet will display two types of cracks. There will be rifts where the old crust is pulled apart, and there will be mountains where the old crust breaks in order to fit onto the larger sphere. In both cases, we end up with a thinner crust along the cracks than in areas where there is no cracking. The geologically active areas will have more capacitance, and therefore more gravity than the geologically inactive areas.
Gravity anomalies can therefore be taken as supporting evidence for the position that gravity is related to capacitance, and that our planet is a charged body that is both hollow and expanding. | <urn:uuid:d1ba6002-fb6b-403d-8800-194e94c3633e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.universeofparticles.com/gravity-anomalies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.94538 | 529 | 4.125 | 4 |
Ronald Suresh Roberts argues that litigation in US courts against multinational companies who did business with apartheid South Africa distracts from, and distorts, the insidious injustice that has seen local mega-beneficiaries escape prosecution for their crimes against humanity.
“Power means never having to raise your voice.”
Despite the intentions of its sponsors, the New York federal case brought against companies accused of complicity in apartheid more than a decade ago illustrates the wisdom of this aphorism, which I have heard attributed to Harry Oppenheimer.
I have no idea whether Oppenheimer ever said it, but the litigation in New York certainly vindicates the sentiment, as his own empire remains largely unscathed by the zealous attentions of the plaintiffs. The sponsors of the litigation behave as though they wish to call apartheid business to account for complicity with a system that they correctly indict as a crime against humanity. Yet, the more that one descends into the details of the legal argument and counter-argument, the more the central corporate wrongdoers and beneficiaries of the system slip from view, relegated to the sidelines.
What we are left with is both sideshow and Shakespearean dumb show; a mere kind of mime; and also the sound of silence: people talking without speaking, to cite Simon and Garfunkel from that famous concert in Manhattan’s Central Park.
Start with the list of defendants: Johannesburg mining house capital, central beneficiaries of apartheid and its illiberal precursor systems dating back a century and a half, are wholly absent from the frame. This is a direct consequence of the litigants’ choice of a US forum. The case must be limited to those with sufficient jurisdictional contacts in the USA. But from the 1940s, the US legal authorities were continuously keen to arrest as price-fixers the central figures of the Oppenheimer empire (specifically those who were active in the Central Selling Organisation, which controlled diamond sales). So they stayed away.
As the New York Times reported on 10 July 2004:
De Beers, the world’s largest diamond producer, has agreed to plead guilty to criminal price fixing, a court official and a lawyer involved in the case said on Friday. The move ends a decade-long case and paves the way for the company to return to the United States after an absence of nearly half a century.
Perversely, even as the promoters of the ostensibly antiapartheid litigation were training their sights upon such peripheral players as Ford, Barclays and IBM, the Oppenheimer empire, that originated in the warlordism of Cecil Rhodes, was itself working undetected behind the scenes to resolve its own ostensible and longstanding criminal liability within that same US jurisdiction – and its efforts faced no grassroots or activist opposition whatsoever.
Thus, a bird in the hand escaped to the bush and a wild goose chase took centre stage. And the supposed champions of free markets in South Africa escaped criminal charges (pending since 1947) relating to precisely to what the US authorities themselves alleged was the subverting of free markets by monopoly capital. The plaintiffs in the civil case against De Beers were successful in 2008 and, after various technical skirmishes, the initial payments to them actually commenced in March 2013. But once again, local activists seem oblivious to this. That is the first problem with the apartheid litigation against multinational corporations: its opportunity cost. It is a distraction from the principle that not only charity, but more so justice, ought to begin at home.
In assessing the opportunity cost, consider the weight of the offences alleged against the multinationals as against those that were overlooked by at-home perpetrators. During the 20th century, apartheid mines took more than 100,000 lives – a lucrative and systematic slaughter. By contrast, the kinds of anecdotal offences brought together in the New York pleadings, while serious and genuinely painful, also seem slightly beside the main point.
It is indeed offensive that one plaintiff would not be given a Barclays job in white-zoned Cape Town and had instead to work in a bantustan. It is regrettable that IBM technology facilitated the production of apartheid paperwork and that Ford employees were victimised for their political activities. But these are isolated details in a broader tapestry within which the US companies singled out were merely bit players.
The US litigation sits uneasily alongside both the logic and the processes of South African domestic laws that have been set up as the mechanism for dealing with past abuses. This uneasiness takes two forms. First, proponents of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) sensibly rejected “judicialisation” of historical debates – for several good reasons.
One of these is that trial briefs do not make good history. The pleadings in the New York litigation repeatedly make claims that the companies went beyond the requirements of apartheid law (as though staying within those laws would have relieved them from liability or moral blame); that they enforced oppressive policies from their “own desire” (as though corporations have “desire”); that they targeted “non-violent” opponents of apartheid (as though “violent” opposition to apartheid was illegitimate); that the defendant companies refused to comply with the Sullivan principles (which actually were a windowdressing meant to disarm anti-apartheid sanctions); and so on. The plaintiffs in the case are well aware of such distortions, but were presumably persuaded to plead thus because of the vagaries of legal technicality in the New York forum – which is precisely why they should not have gone there in the first place.
A second reason is that senior South African judges were likely to be untransformed in and after 1994 (and to some extent still are), which explains the acquittals of Magnus Malan and the score of other apartheid generals who were actually put on trial in the mid-1990s, as well as the acquittal of “Dr Death”, Wouter Basson, by an old-school Pretoria judge, Willie Hartzenberg, in 2002. Since 2005, when the Constitutional Court overturned a prior determination that South African courts could not claim jurisdiction over crimes allegedly committed outside South Africa, no trial of Basson for such extra-territorial crimes, such as use of chemical weapons against the frontline states, has been attempted. Again, activist attention to possibilities for local prosecution has been non-existent. The New York litigation instead seeks to gain the attention of foreign courts in regard to South African matters.
There are other problems. The second form that this uneasy intersection of US and South African legal processes takes is that judicial processes in any event make for individualised, rather than systemic, redress – the threadbare membership of the “class” in the ostensibly class action-type New York litigation itself bears this out. These and similar arguments were thoroughly canvassed in the extensive South African debates surrounding the set-up of the TRC in the mid-1990s. In a sense then, what the litigants need to place on trial, but which they fail to address, is the adequacy – in conception as well as outcome – of the TRC process itself. Instead of making the necessary direct critique of the TRC and its chairperson, Desmond Tutu, the plaintiffs uncritically cite Tutu’s suggestion that nothing in the Truth and Reconciliation Act or proceedings prevents litigation against multinational corporations. But this merely begs several questions.
Above all: does anything in the TRC process prevent the launching of actions against local, as opposed to foreign companies – and if so, why is that? Here one stumbles across an ambiguity in what might otherwise seem to be a plain story of Good versus Evil in pursuing the multinationals in a foreign country. The ambiguity is this: how vigorously did Desmond Tutu himself, and his TRC, pursue apartheid’s most heinous perpetrators and beneficiaries within South Africa itself?
Have we forgotten that when P.W. Botha refused to appear before the TRC, Desmond Tutu could have subpoenaed him to appear (and jailed him for contempt had he refused) but in the event backed down from doing so? Or that the TRC initially wavered over whether and how to call local business to account at all, eventually opting to hold hearings that restricted themselves to feeble generalities and that were presided over by TRC Deputy Chairperson Alex Boraine, who in the early 1970s actually worked in the public relations department of Anglo American and so was the proverbially safe pair of hands? He ought to have recused himself, but didn’t. In other words, the morally charged focus on the historically marginal multinationals in New York courts simply functions to let local mega-beneficiaries off the hook yet again.
My friend Dumisa Ntsebeza, who is both a plaintiff in the New York action and a former TRC commissioner, knows, better than most, that the true story of the failure of accountability has to do with the ways in which the internal debates of the TRC were diverted from accountability and captured by liberal and illiberal platitudes, such as acknowledgement of what was called “the perpetrator within us all”. Why can this story not be more frankly told?
Instead of a frank and authentic critique of South African corporate powers’ morbid tango with racism during (and before) apartheid, we are left with a distorted attempt to place the square peg of the apartheid legacy into the round hole of the legal and doctrinal requirements of the US federal courts. The radical sentiment and rhetoric associated with such litigation turn out, upon scrutiny, to be decidedly conservative: a mere part of a gigantic evasion.
This story features in the December 2013 edition of the Chronic. Available here in print or as a PDF. The issue offers forays into interlaced subjects of power, resistance, protest, mobilisation, mobility and belonging.Buy the Chronic
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