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Professor Paul S. Weiss
Office: 407 Davey Laboratory
Phone: (814) 865-3693
Instant Messenger: PSWeiss
Office Hours: Drop in or by appointment
Send e-mail to Paul
Secretary: Connie Smith
Office: 222 Davey Laboratory
Phone: (814) 863-0119
Grader: Dave Richardson
Phone: (814) 862-7845 Note the newly corrected phone number!
Our Amazing Demonstrator: John Cryder
Office 12 Osmond (at the front of the lecture hall)
Phone: (814) 865-5542
We will have excellent guest lecturers. Stay tuned.
While we will use Brown, Lemay, and Bursten, 7th edition (the same book as used in Chem 12, 12H, and 13), we will also use much supplementary material and www links.
Learning in Chem 13H
This is an exciting course for many reasons. We are able to cover many of the highlights of chemistry in a relatively informal way. This introduction is meant to guide you through many future years of scientific thinking and discussion, citizenship, and possibly even more chemistry.
Much of what you learn, you will learn on your own or from each other. This will allow us greater latitude in class. For instance, nearly every Friday class will be a discussion. If you have topics to discuss and know in advance, let us (instructors and classmates) know so that we can prepare for a higher level discussion.
While we will cover everything in the regular (Chem 13) version of this course, we will do it faster (!) in order to allow us to pursue many other additional topics. This will require a great deal of work on your part. Please be prepared for it and budget the time for it. Anticipate that the lectures, the readings, and the homeworks will be complementary rather than overlapping. You will be responsible for the material from all of these sources. Similarly, your participation in class is required both for discussions and for the education of your classmates and professor. There is little that we plan to say that is so critical that a good classroom discussion would not be preferable.
Unlike other general chemistry classes, we will cover how it is that we know what we think we do and how we test that understanding. We will develop an understanding of what experiments and theory are required to answer fundamental chemical and scientific questions.
Analytical Chemistry Basics
Analytical Chemistry Instrumentation
Portraits of Scientists and Pictures of Instrumentation
Photography Information at Kodak.
Comets from Sky and Telescope magazine.
The Bends Story
Comment on the bends by Prof. Gold
A little information on rechargeable batteries.
Something on Aluminum.
Quantum control of atoms, etc.
Radon information from the US Geological Survey.
Dupont Nylon page.
Magnetic Resonance Image of a brain.
View biological molecules at NIH's Molecules R Us.
Enzymes -- 3D Views and related links.
Scanning probe microscopy (our research) discussion. See my group's main web page and associated links.
Natural radioactivity and other links.
Feynman Lecture: "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom"
Energy conversions and Physical Constants from NIST
Here are this
week's seminars for all of the Eberly
College of Science!
Here are next
week's seminars for the Eberly
College of Science.
Monday 10 January 2000 Lecturers: Paul Weiss, Joe Keiser
Introduction (Weiss), Laboratory Introduction (Joe Keiser), Single Molecule Measurements
Find this website (you have did it!). Turn in address on Wednesday 12 January.
How a scanning electron microscope works. (Thanks to Nick H for the link)
Wednesday 12 January 2000
Measurements of Single Molecules in Biology
Williams Syndrome information from the Williams Syndrome Foundation.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is used to probe chromosomes using fluorescent labels. We talked about "chromosome paints."
There are commercially available probes.
Here is a quick summary on genomics.
Optical tweezers work at NIST. Check out the quicktime movie.
Building simple optical tweezers.
HW: Turn in class www site address.
Friday 14 January 2000Single Molecule Measurements III
- What color is table salt when: in a flame, in a shaker, or spread lightly on a table or piece of paper? Why?
- Find an article on fluorescence published since 1 January 1999 in an archival journal. Give the full citation including: Author list, journal, volume, page number, and year. Write about five sentences describing what the authors were trying to learn. Your article must be printed (whether or not you capture or read it electronically).
Hint: Try starting with the top journals like Science and Nature.
Monday 17 January 2000Acids & Bases I
Read: Chapter 15, Sections 4.2-4, 16.1-5.
Wednesday 19 January 2000
Acids & Bases II
Mass spectroscopy Tutorial including the Magnetic Sector Analyzer figure
NOTE CHANGED DUE DATE!
HW Problems: 16.3-8, 11-14, 16, 18, 31-34, 82, 91
Additional HW: Make up a problem that you feel best tests your knowledge of Acids & Bases up to now. It should not be a trivial extension of the assigned problems.
(NB- You will do this for every homework assignment and these will always be graded!)
Friday 21 January 2000
Acid/base Problem Solving
Acids & Bases Reading: 16.6-7 and 16.8-11.
HW: 16.38-50, 55-58, 84, 88, 89. Also, your own problem as described in class.
NIST Optical Tweezers Page including the Adhesion Movie
1997 Nobel Physics Prize for Optical Trapping
Mara Prentiss's Optical Tweezers Tutorial
Monday 24 January 2000
Acids and Bases III & Buffers
Check out Prof. Will Castleman's
work on solvation in clusters. (Note: I have been having trouble linking to this site over the last few days.)
Wednesday 26 January 2000
Acids & Bases, cont.
Read: 17.1 (common ion effect),17.2-3 (buffers & titrations), 7.1-4 (periodicity)
HW: 16.59-64, 67-70, 73-75, 78,80.
17.1-3,5-8 (common ion effect & buffers)
Also, your own problem as always.
Friday 28 January 2000
HW: 7.6,14,18,26,30, 17.9-12,16,18,19,25-27,29
Find a paper in the literature from 1998 to 2000 that uses one of the
techniques mentioned in the class handout on "Single Molecule Measurements"
(lectures 1-2) to make single molecule measurements. Critically summarize the article in
five to ten sentences. Be sure to include the reference for your article.
(For the reference format, use the reference format of the journal.) You will find such articles in both Science and Nature. Attach a copy of the paper.
You may use www resources as a guide in your search, but you must use only the archival literature as your source.
Monday 31 January 2000
Read: 7.5-7, 4.5, 17.4-6
How are the following measured quantitatively: ionization energy, electron affinity?
(This latter problem will be graded in addition to the normal homework.)
Wednesday 2 February 2000
Measurements of Periodic Properties Discusssed & Acid Strength vs. Structure
Read: Sections 19.1-3.
Be prepared to explain the relative acid strengths of:
H2SO4 vs. H2SO3 and
H2SO4 vs. H2SeO4
How are the following measured quantitatively: covalent & ionic radii?
(This latter problem will be graded in addition to the normal homework.)
Please attend John Hopfield's Lectures this week if you can.
Wednesday 2 February 2000, 8 PM in 101 Thomas
Brains vs. Electronics: How Do We Think So Fast?
Thursday 3 February 2000, 4 PM in 117 Osmond
Color, Vision, and Smell: "More Is Different" Revisited
Friday 4 February 2000
Monday 7 February 2000
Spontaneity, Enthalpy, Entropy
Read: Sections 19.4-7
Wednesday 9 February 2000
Exam Review of Material to date
Please attend Ger van den Engh's Lecture, if you can.
1115 AM in S5 Osmond
Cell Sorting as a Tool for Genomics
Friday 11 February 2000
Discussion Class with Profs. Ger van den Engh and Barb Trask of the University of Washington Department of Molecular Biotechnology
Genetic Diseases and Their Treatment, Genomics
Some students have asked if guests can come -- yes.
Please attend Barb Trask's Lecture, if you can.
1115 AM in S5 Osmond
Large duplications: functional complexities of the human genome
(No reading, homework. Use the time to consider discussion topics.)
Sunday 13 February 2000, 915 PM, 104 Osmond Dave Richardson
Special Review Session
Monday 14 February 2000 Happy Valentine's Day!
Covering through the lecture on Friday 11 February
Wednesday 16 February 2000 (Guest Lecturer: Dr. Alex Kandel)
Free Energy, Equilibrium Constants, and Work
Friday 18 February 2000
Monday 21 February 2000
Go over Exam #1
HW: Pick out a recent journal article (try Science or Nature) of keen scientific interest to you and write a 5-10 sentence critical synopsis. Choose a topic that involves chemistry in some way. Attach a copy of the paper.
You may use www resources as a guide, but you must use the archival literature as your source.
Read: 8.10, 20.1-4
Wednesday 23 February 2000
Equilibrium Constants, Work, and Measurements
Project: Select your element for the poster and paper (from a hat!).
(These have not changed.)
Friday 25 February 2000
HW: Assign oxidation states to five molecules or molecular ions, each containing at least three different elements.
Monday 28 February 2000
Batteries, Electrolysis, and Corrosion
Wednesday 1 March 2000
(Read17.4-6 and 23.7-8, if you have not yet)
Friday 3 March 2000
Discussion on Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent Detection
4-12 March 2000
Enjoy Spring Break!
Monday 13 March 2000
Transition Metal Ions & Complexes I
Wednesday 15 March 2000
Transition Metals II: Color & Spin
Friday 17 March 2000
Continuation of our Discussion on Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent Detection
and the First Poster
Cassie Konkle Mg
HW: Turn in abstracts for posters (a few lines each)
Show energy level diagrams for the filling of the d orbitals for d0-d10. Show which electron numbers can have high and low spin complexes and show both the high and low spin electron configurations.
Sunday 19 March 2000
600 PM Elements of Life Poster session -- 2nd Floor Osmond/Davey overpass.
You will have four minutes to present followed by one to two minutes of discussion.
A few thoughts:
Keep a focus.
Practice your presentation out loud! Work through rough spots repeatedly (memorize words if necessary).
Props and assistants are ok, if justified by your presentation.
Use large, readable fonts. More detail can be in your presentation than on your poster.
Heather Agnew Hg
Zeb Bartels Ni
Jenna Bartz Ca
Kevin Buck Zn
Paul Butterfoss Cl
Jason Clark Li
Edna Clogg Cu
Brian Edwards Fe
Loren Filson Cr
Andrew Glendening K/Na
David Goldstein Tc*
Nick Hartman Sr
Natalie Hepler Pt
Julie Hewett Sn
Samantaha Iivaei Si
Mark Losego F
Dan Lysko Ti
Rick Mellon Mn
Julie Norseen Co
Joanna Paulson Al
Evan Pickett Pb
Ellyn Schuette B
Stephen Segal S
Aaron Shoe Br
Kristin Slagle Se
Jackie Sturgeon Ba
Kristen Tirio I
Monday 20 March 2000
Hydrogen and Oxygen
Wednesday 22 March 2000 (Guest Lecturer: Lloyd Bumm)
Friday 24 March 2000
Nitrogen, Carbon, Fullerenes and Like Molecules
Monday 27 March 2000
Carbon and the Fullerenes, cont.
Review of Material since Exam #1
NSF Fullerene Blurb.
Rick Smalley's www page at Rice University.
New York Times article on fullerenes.
Identify whether you will take Exam #2 on 29 March or will have a poster on 9 April.
Wednesday 29 March 2000
Friday 31 March 2000 (Guest Lecturer: Anne Andrews)
Neurotoxicity and Drugs of Abuse
Monday 3 April 2000
Materials and Metallurgy I
Papers Due (see requirements below)
A talk of possible interest:
Genes and Cancer (Marker Lecture #1 of 2)
Harold E. Varmus, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Nobel Laureate
8:00 p.m., HUB Auditorium, host: J. Martin Bollinger, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Tuesday 4 April 2000
Talks of possible interest:
Mouse Model of Human Cancer (Marker Lecture #2 of 2)
Harold E. Varmus, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
and Nobel Laureate
11:15 a.m., HUB Auditorium, host: J. Martin Bollinger, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
(PLEASE NOTE CHANGE OF TIME AND LOCATION -- Earlier report said: 4:00 p.m., 101 Thomas Building)
Production and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Peter Eklund, Penn State, 4:00 p.m., 22 Deike Building
(refreshments at 3:45 p.m. in the Steidle Building museum), Materials Research Institute (863-8407).
Wednesday 5 April 2000
Rare Gases + Materials and Metallurgy II
First Materials Poster
Jenna Bartz BioBrane
Friday 7 April 2000 (Guest lecturer: Phil Bevilacqua)
Surprising Role of Catalysis by RNA
Read: Nobel Prize announcement for Tom Cech: Press Release
and Chapter 14.
Monday 10 April 2000
Materials and Metallurgy III
Choose a metal that was not discussed in the poster sessions (no transuranium elements without prior permission).
In one page or less:
1) Identify its source (location, chemical identity, impurities).
2) Describe how it is collected.
3) Describe how it is reduced (if required).
4) Describe how it is purified.
5) Find out how much it costs as elemental metal.
Wednesday 12 April 2000 (Visit by Friends School 7th and 8th grade class)
Here is a link to Nadrian Seeman's research at NYU that we discussed in class.
You should have already read Chapter 14. Please review it for class.
Friday 14 April 2000
Kinetics II & Materials III
More Materials Posters
Zeb Bartels Depleted Uranium
Natalie Hepler Synthetic Diamonds
Abstracts for second posters due.
Sunday 16 April 2000
600 PM Materials Poster session -- 2nd Floor Osmond/Davey overpass.
Heather Agnew Cataracts & The Crystalline Materials Making up the Lens of the Human Eye
Kevin Buck Liquid Crystal Displays
Paul Butterfoss Night Vision
Brian Edwards Three Generations of Night Vision
Loren Filson The Patch for Drug Delivery
Andrew Glendening Fullerenes
David Goldstein Kevlar
Nick Hartman Synthetic Fibers
Samantaha Iivaei Lexan
Cassandra Lynn Konkle Blood-Brain Barrier
Mark Losego Semiconductor Lasers
Dan Lysko Ceramic Films
Rick Mellon Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)
Joanna Paulson Methane Clathrates
Evan Pickett Thermoelectrics
Ellyn Schuette Shape-Memory Alloys
Stephen Segal Carbon Fibers
Aaron Shoe UV and e-Beam Cured Polymers
Kristin Slagle Teslin -- a silica-based paper
Jackie Sturgeon Space Shuttle Thermal Systems
Kristen Tirio Photochromic Glass
Monday 17 April 2000
Kinetics II, Materials & Polymerization
Last Materials Posters
Jason Clark Solar Cells
Julie Hewett Drug Delivery Using Implanted Microchips
Edna Clogg Martian Meteorites
Wednesday 19 April 2000
Nuclear Chemistry I
Read: 21.1, 21.4-6
(Delayed) HW: 14.27,30,31,35,39,43,44,48,50
Schedule your final exam! Available dates:
Friday 28 April, Monday-Wednesday 1-3 May
Friday 21 April 2000 (Special Guest Lecturer: Prof. Tom Mallouk of the Center for Miscellaneous Chemistry)
Monday 24 April 2000
Nuclear Chemistry II:
Half-Life, Mass-Energy Conversion
and Discussion of Breeder Reactors, Nuclear Waste Handling and Disposal
Read: Chapter 21.7-8.
Wednesday 26 April 2000
Nuclear Chemistry III:
Friday 28 April 2000
Final Discussion Class / Review
HW: Summarize in 5-10 sentences the most important thing you learned this semester. Find a related literature reference that goes beyond our discussion. Prepare and answer a question on it.
Individual Oral Final Exams
As announced in class, if you received less than 85% of the homework points, your final exam will be a rigorous test of general chemistry with special emphasis on the homework that you missed!
Friday 28 April 2000
11:15 AM Jenna Bartz
1:00 PM RickMellon
2:00 PM Natalie Hepler
3:00 PM Evan Pickett
3:45 PM Joanna Paulson
Monday 1 May 2000
8:30 AM Jackie Sturgeon
9:15 AM Julie Hewett
10:00 AM Heather Agnew
11:00 AM Jason Clark
1:00 PM Kristin Slagle
3:15 PM David Goldstein
4:00 PM Nick Hartman
Tuesday 2 May 2000
9:15 AM Kristen Tirio
10:00 AM Loren Filson
11:00 AM Mark Losego
1:00 PM Edna Clogg
2:00 PM Julie Norseen
3:00 PM Paul Butterfoss
3:45 PM Dan Lysko
Wednesday 3 May 2000
9:15 AM Stephen Segal
10:00 AM Ellyn Schuette
11:00 AM Aaron Shoe
1:00 PM Zeb Bartels
2:00 PM Samantha Iivari
3:00 PM Kevin Buck
3:45 PM Brian Edwards
Thursday 4 May 2000
10:00 AM Cassie Konkle
11:00 AM Andrew Glendening
Discussion Topics Suggested
Bring in topics to discuss. These can be aligned to the topics we are covering, but do not need to be. If we can discuss them intelligently, we will do so. If not, we will find some references and cover them next week. Every Friday class will work this way.
Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent Detection.
Fullerenes and like molecules.
Drugs of abuse.
Did not get to
The bends in diving.
Nuclear magnetic resonance, and magnetic resonance imaging.
1. Class participation: 20%No paper is required for the second poster.
4. Paper and poster presentation of researched topic (elements of life -- specific elements will be assigned in class): 20% (10% each)
2. Homework: 10%
3. Two in-class exams (1 hr. each) or One in-class exam and one poster on materials: 30% (15% each)
Note that pre-approved make-up or conflict exams will be oral exams.
The paper should be approximately 10 pages in length, double spaced (double spacing is important to leave room for my comments) in a 12 point font, with 1" margins all around. The paper should include figures and complete references (not www references). The figures will not count in the length. Please take into account the comments that you get from your presentation in preparing your paper.
5. Oral final exam: 20%
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What is it? The bones (vertebrae) that form the spine in your back are cushioned by round, flat discs. When these discs are healthy, they act as shock absorbers for the spine and keep the spine flexible. If they become damaged, they may bulge abnormally or break open (rupture), in what is called a herniated or slipped disc.
Statistics: Herniated discs that reside in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (back) spine respond positively to conservative treatment, and can sometimes regress or reabsorb. Studies published in both medical and chiropractic journals have shown that 40 percent of cervical spine herniations and 60 percent of lumbar spine herniations resolved without surgical or medical intervention, responding only to conservative care.
Important Facts: Cervical discs are smaller and thinner than discs in the rest of the spine. Cervical discs break down quickly, due to decreased mass. Cervical discs are typically injured from whiplash type events. Most cervical disc degeneration is universal and expected. Cervical discs can occasionally compress spinal nerve roots, causing a pinched nerve. Cervical disc conditions are the most common scapegoats used to explain neck, shoulder and arm pain syndromes.
Treatment Duration: The average length of time for treatment is six months. If you have been diagnosed with a herniated cervical disc, do not fear. There is a good chance that your disc injury might heal all by itself. If all else fails, I highly recommend spinal decompression for actual disc related pain. The results are good and the risks are far less than a surgical approach.
Do’s/Don’ts: People suffering from a herniated disc should be extremely careful when lifting weights.
A herniated disc in the neck is typically a result of trauma or degeneration, but it can still be treated by an acupuncturist.
Regardless of the location of a herniated disc, it is important to remember that disc conditions rarely cause lasting pain. While some traumatic disc injuries might create acute pain in the neck, shoulders and arms, these symptoms will typically go away all by themselves within 6 to 8 weeks. Chronic neck pain which is blamed on a herniated or degenerated disc is commonly misdiagnosed and might actually be due to some other source, such as ischemia.
Most patients who are diagnosed with a cervical disc problem are immediately affected by the nocebo effect of the diagnostic procedure and often experience a considerable worsening of symptoms after the confirmation of a herniated disc. Doctors who scare a patient into thinking they have been permanently damaged by this diagnosis make this nocebo effect exponentially worse. This is the reason why it is crucial for a patient to learn the facts about disc injuries for themselves.
If you allow your doctor to control your entire understanding of the diagnosis, then you will have to hope and pray that they will not try to take advantage of your ignorance by recommending treatments.
What is it? Arthritis is defined as the presence of swelling, the presence of effusion (The escape of fluid into another part), or the presence of 2 or more of the following signs: limited range of motion (ROM), tenderness, pain on motion, or joint warmth.
Degenerative changes are common in neck or cervical spine. In some degree they are found almost universally in persons over 50yrs of age.
Statistics: Osteoarthritis of the neck is one of the most common forms of neck pain for people over the age of 50.
While a past neck injury can lead to neck osteoarthritis years later, aging is the major risk factor or cause of neck osteoarthritis. Seventy percent of women and 85% of men have x-ray evidence of neck osteoarthritis by age 60.
Whether neck pain is acute or chronic, statistics show that approximately 80% of adults are affected by some kind of neck pain condition.
Important Facts: The primary degenerative changes are initiated by injury. In other cases the condition is simply a manifestation of normal wear and tear.
In the upper limb there may be a vague, ill-defined and ill localized referred pain spreading over the shoulder region or there may be more serious symptoms from interference with one or more of the cervical nerves.
Treatment Duration: Treatments for cervical osteoarthritis are usually nonsurgical and is usually treated conservatively.
While cervical osteoarthritis tends to be chronic, the symptoms are rarely progressive and rarely require surgery. For patients with severe symptoms that are impeding their ability to function, surgery may be an option and a cervical laminectomy and/or cervical spinal fusion may be considered.
Do’s/Don’ts: Balance activity with rest. Ensure that your neck is supported at work, in the car and during your leisure time with a good pillow or chair. Check the height of your desk and chair at work and at home, and make sure that a computer screen is at eye level.
Avoid slouching in your standing position. Do not bend your neck forward or keep it in the same position for hours at a time.
Common Myths: Structural problems causing pain is a convenient and easy diagnosis to make because pictures of spinal degeneration can be pointed to on an x-ray or MRI image and named as the cause for pain. However, research has proven that structural problems are NOT the cause of most neck pain. Fortunately, there is a lot of research now showing that structural problems are usually not the cause of most neck pain.
What is it? A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.
Statistics: Congenital torticollis has been estimated to affect approximately two percent of newborn infants. The frank breech birthing position has been reportedly associated with the highest incidence of torticollis, with up to 34 percent of infants born in this position being affected. The most common type of congenital torticollis is that associated with subluxation of the upper cervical spine.
Important Facts: Congenital torticollis occurs when the neck muscle that runs up and toward the back of your baby’s neck (sternocleidomastoid muscle) is shortened. This brings your baby’s head down and to one side. This is known as congenital muscular torticollis.
Treatment Duration: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is the most common cause of torticollis in childhood. This condition is usually recognized and successfully treated in infancy, but may persist in adulthood, particularly if not treated.
To treat congenital torticollis, you’ll learn to stretch your baby’s tight neck muscle several times a day. Your doctor or a physical therapist will teach you how to safely do the exercises.
Do’s/Don’ts: During feeding, hold your child in a way that makes him or her rotate the chin to the correct position. Place toys and other objects in such a way that your baby has to turn his or her head to see them and play with them.
Common Myths: Myth: Torticollis is a localized issue Reality: Is any issue ever just localized? If you have a toothache doesn’t it affect other areas of your body. For every action there is an equal opposite reaction. The only question is where is the opposite reaction in the child’s body. Finding the root issue which may be mid-chest, pelvis, hyoid, or any other area not obviously related to the neck.
Myth: Torticollis doesn’t cause delays. Reality: In many programs a diagnosis of torticollis automatically qualifies a child for Early Intervention. They do not need the quantitative % delay as the problem is more qualitative. Just as in Down Syndrome children may not present with many delays initially, but we know that eventually predictable patterns will emerge. In tort we see the predictable patterns of delays in rolling (child may only go one way and struggle with quality of rolling) delays in protective response (one side holds elbow in stiff extension and falls more – usually right side), limited range in right shoulder flexion, unilateral pronation etc. not to mention dental implications of asymmetry which may affect speech and feeding as well as a distorted visual field rotated more to one side affecting spatial awareness.
Myth: A small % of tilt isn’t an issue. Reality: Imagine having to work all day long with your head tilted 10 degrees to the side. How would that affect your overall performance? What if you did not yet have good balance skills or had not yet learned to sit up or walk? How would this impact your achievement of these skills? How would this impact your handwriting skills? If this posture became hard wired into your system what would be the effect with your growth spurt at puberty. Might this be the cause of idiopathic scoliosis?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
What is it? Thoracic outlet syndrome is a group of disorders that occur when the blood vessels or nerves in the thoracic outlet — the space between your collarbone and your first rib — become compressed. This can cause pain in your shoulders and neck and numbness in your fingers.
Statistics: It is difficult to diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome, as its symptoms are often mistaken for other conditions such as rotator cuff injuries, cervical disc disorders, multiple sclerosis, tumors, and others. Therefore, there are no reliable statistics that reflect how many people suffer from thoracic outlet syndrome.
Important Facts: Thoracic outlet syndrome has been described as occurring in a diverse population. It is most often the result of poor or strenuous posture but can also result from trauma or constant muscle tension in the shoulder girdle.
Static postures such as those sustained by assembly line workers, cash register operators, students of, for example, those who do needle work often result in a drooping shoulder and forward head posture. This position of the shoulders and head is also indicative of poor upper body posture. Middle aged and elderly women who suffer from osteoporosis often display this type of posture as a result of increased thoracic spinal kyphosis.
Treatment Duration: When thoracic outlet syndrome affects the nerves, the first treatment is always physical therapy. Physical therapy helps strengthen the shoulder muscles, improve range of motion, and promote better posture. Treatment may also include pain medication.
Do’s/Don’ts: By sleeping in correct, ergonomically sound positions, the body remains aligned properly, and can thereby greatly reduce the possibility of developing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.
In general, to avoid unnecessary stress on your shoulders and muscles surrounding the thoracic outlet: maintain good posture, take frequent breaks at work, and practice relaxation techniques.
Even if you don’t have symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome, avoid carrying heavy bags over your shoulder, because this can increase pressure on the thoracic outlet.
Common Myths: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is a common cause of chest pain, and should be considered in all patients with chest pain because of its frequent association with cardiac and esophageal disease.
What is it? Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that affects about 5 million Americans. Doctors diagnose fibromyalgia based on a patient’s symptoms and physical exam. Patients experience pain and stiffness in the muscles, but there are no measurable findings on X-rays or lab tests. While fibromyalgia does not damage the joints or organs, the constant aches and fatigue can have a significant impact on daily life.
Statistics: Widespread chronic body pain for which no cause can be found is the major feature of fibromyalgia, a condition that affects an estimated 3.7 million people — mostly women — in the U.S.
Important Facts: The hallmark of fibromyalgia is muscle pain throughout the body, typically accompanied by fatigue, sleep problems, anxiety or depression, and specific tender points
Women between the ages of 25 and 60 have the highest risk of developing fibromyalgia. Doctors aren’t sure why, but women are 10 times more likely to have the condition than men. Some researchers believe genetics may play a role, but no specific genes have been identified.
Treatment Duration: Fibromyalgia was once the exclusive domain of rheumatologists. Today, the condition has captured the attention of a wide range of health care providers. Many people receive treatment through their primary care providers.
The goal of fibromyalgia treatment is to minimize pain, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders. Doctors may recommend medications that help ease your symptoms — ranging from familiar over-the-counter pain relievers to prescription drugs.
Do’s/Don’ts: Stress appears to be one of the most common triggers of fibromyalgia flare-ups. While it’s impossible to eliminate all stress from your life, you can try to reduce unnecessary stress. Determine which situations make you anxious — at home and at work — and find ways to make those situations less stressful. Experiment with yoga, meditation, or other relaxation techniques. And allow yourself to skip nonessential activities that cause stress.
Psychological Issues Are Not Common Fibromyalgia Symptoms — Mood problems have traditionally been thought to be among the most common fibromyalgia symptoms. But now researchers are saying that psychological disturbances are actually found in only a small number of patients.
Fibromyalgia a ‘Real Disease,’ Study Shows — A new brain scan study concludes that fibromyalgia is related to abnormalities of blood flow in the brain.
What is it? Cervical radicular pain is defined as pain perceived as arising in the arm caused by irritation of a cervical spinal nerve or its roots.
Statistics: A large study in Rochester, Minnesota, has reported the annual incidence of cervical radicular symptoms to be 83.2 per 100,000 population, and its prevalence most significant within a 50- to 54-year age group. In the study, 90 percent of patients were asymptomatic or only mildly incapacitated.
Approximately 1 person in 1,000 suffers from cervical radicular pain. In the absence of a gold standard, the diagnosis is based on a combination of history, clinical examination, and (potentially) complementary examination.
Important Facts: A common cause of neck, shoulder and arm pain is a ruptured or herniated cervical disc. Symptoms may include dull or sharp pain in the neck or between the shoulder blades, pain that radiates down the arm to the hand or fingers, or numbness or tingling in the shoulder or arm. Certain positions or movements of the neck can intensify the pain. This pain is referred to as Radicular Pain or Cervical radiculopathy.
The pain often feels like an electric-like or throbbing sensation that shoots down your arm and hand. This pain may worsen when you cough or sneeze. In addition, it is important to be aware of signs of a problem involving your cervical spine (e.g., loss of the ability to control your bowel or bladder or difficulty with balance) that may require surgical evaluation.
Treatment Duration: About 90% of patients with cervical radicular pain recover in 12 weeks. Furthermore, it seems that there is no benefit at 12 months from having surgery or physiotherapy over no intervention. However, those having surgery generally recover quicker.2
The overall prognosis of persons with cervical radiculopathy is favorable. Most patients improve over time with a focused, nonoperative treatment course. There is little high-quality evidence on the best nonoperative therapy for cervical radiculopathy.
Do’s/Don’ts: Home cervical traction units may decrease radicular symptoms. In theory, traction distracts the neural foramen and decompresses the affected nerve root. Typically, eight to 12 lbs. of traction is applied at an angle of approximately 24 degrees of flexion for 15- to 20-minute intervals. Traction is most beneficial when acute muscular pain has subsided and should not be used in patients who have signs of myelopathy.
Neck Pain Treatments Put to the Test — Spinal manipulation and at-home exercises may be better at relieving neck pain than relying on drugs.
What is it? The word ‘posture’ in most common usage almost exclusively refers to the way a person sits or stands, and is generally termed ‘good posture’ or ‘bad posture’. We all have positions we spend a lot of time in. If one of these positions puts your spine and other joints out of their normal balanced alignment, this is a postural dysfunction – and your muscles will adapt and become unbalanced,
Statistics: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Statistics
- ‘Ergonomics in the Workplace’ – is mostly commonly referred to posture and sitting position in front of the computer.
- On average, 95% of an office workers’ day is spent sitting in front of the computer. View Ergonomics Case Studies.
- Musculoskeletal injuries resulting from poor workplace ergonomics account for 34% of all lost workday injuries and illnesses.
Important Facts: “All crooked or constrained bodily positions affect respiration injuriously. Reading, writing, sitting, standing, speaking, and working with the trunk of the body bent forward are extremely hurtful by overstretching the muscles of the back, compressing the lungs, and pushing downwards and backwards the stomach, bowels, and abdominal muscles.”
A good posture cannot be achieved unless the base, the feet and ankles are strong and healthy. The type of shoes you wear directly affects the health of your feet. When the foundation (your feet) is crumbling, the building (your body) crumbles and eventually collapses.
Head of Olympics Soft Tissue Therapy Services, Brad Hiskins, details how he evaluates thoracic spine dysfunction. He says that, inevitably, much of postural dysfunction resides in the thoracic spine.
Do check the position of your screen. Do have your chair at the right height so your eyes are level with your screen and your knees are slightly lower than your hip joints
Don’t try to sit up straight. Don’t use your PC in low light conditions
Common Myths: It is popular to believe that slouching is due to laziness, or because the person doesn’t want to sit up straight. However, the major factor which determines the way a person sits or stands is the shape of their spinal bones. That shape can be determined by an injury which occurs in a few seconds when the person is young or by poor nutrition or disease which weakens their bones and causes the change in a few weeks or months.
Correct posture at the computer eliminates discomfort and possible injury. “Picture-perfect” posture can be extremely fatiguing. If you commute to work and sit most of the day, you can be sitting for 10 to 12 hours a day. | <urn:uuid:41158e90-7d34-48e1-88ad-c2ec47385192> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ktstherapy.com/back-pain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.939014 | 4,036 | 3.265625 | 3 |
There are many ways of becoming an United States citizen in order to work legally in Kerrville, Texas. The United States Constitution provides that any person who is born in the United States or its territories is considered to be an United States Citizen.
Kerrville Lawyers Who Specialize in the Citizenship Process Can Help
People not born in Texas, may seek United States citizenship though the process of naturalization. Although naturalization procedures vary according to each applicant's circumstances, in general, one must qualify as a legal permanent resident, live in the U.S. for a specified time, successfully complete an U.S. law and history exam, and exhibit good moral character.
Kerrville Attorneys Can Help You Avoid Citizenship Denial
There are many ways in which your citizenship can be denied, such as criminal convictions or outstanding removal orders. Obtaining your U.S. citizenship is very important and you should not attempt it alone. Kerrville, Texas Citizenship Lawyers can guide you through the puzzle towards your naturalization. | <urn:uuid:a006961d-2a1c-4cf4-abf1-00afe89d9fa0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://immigrationlawyers.legalmatch.com/TX/Kerrville/citizenship.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.951812 | 206 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Starting December 21, owners in the U.S. will have to register their drones with the government for a $5 fee (though the FAA is making registration free for the first 30 days).
Those who already own drones today (or plan to buy one before the 21st) will have until February 19, 2016 to register them. Those who buy their drone after December 21, 2015 will have to register it before their first outdoor flight. Registrations will be valid for three years. So if you’re getting a drone for Christmas, you can’t just go out and fly it. First you have to go online and register.
Registrations will be valid for three years.
The FAA will offer both a paper-based and web-based system for registration, though chances are most people will opt for the online version. You’ll be able to pay the fee with any standard credit or debit card (or by check and money order if you opt for the offline registration).
As expected, all hobbyists who own drones that weigh under 55 pounds (including payloads like cameras) will have to register their drones now. Pilots will have to provide their names, home address, and e-mail addresses and must be at least 13 years old to register.
During the registration process, drone owners will get a unique registration number — similar to the one aircraft owners already get today — and this number has to be marked on the drone. The registration numbers are linked to the owner, not the drone, so you can use the same number for multiple drones. The registration number can be marked on the drone or inside the battery compartment.
You and whoever else flies your drone also need to carry a copy of the registration certificate on them (either a printed or electronic version).
“Make no mistake: unmanned aircraft enthusiast are aviators, and with that title comes a great deal of responsibility,” said U.S. Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx. “Registration gives us an opportunity to work with these users to operate their unmanned aircraft safely. I’m excited to welcome these new aviators into the culture of safety and responsibility that defines American innovation.”
You can read the full version of the FAA’s registration rules here.
Sadly, the FAA will still charge a fee for the registration process. At $5, it’s more of a symbolic price than anything else though and anybody who can afford a $500 drone will also be able to pay for the registration. Indeed, the $5 for drones is the same fee the FAA has charged for pilots’ planes since 1966. While many hoped the FAA wouldn’t charge a registration fee, the agency says it’s legally required to.
Overall, the registration program seems like a reasonable compromise. The idea behind it is to ensure that new drone pilots feel a degree of responsibility when they operate their new toys. By having your name attached to your drone, you’ll likely be a bit more careful about flying where you shouldn’t. Those who want to use their drones for nefarious purposes still won’t register them, of course. | <urn:uuid:6177f62b-9c27-49c3-b239-8148568fa24b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/14/get-ready-to-register-your-drone-with-the-faa-on-december-21/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954034 | 649 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Standing out from the crowd: Don't fade into the background
By: Roche Life Science
Posted: December 01, 2015 | Everyday Essentials for Research
Scientists have long been exploiting the ability to hybridize complementary nucleic acid probes for detection of specific target sequences by filter-based techniques such as Northern and Southern blotting, in situ hybridization methods and more recently, microarray-based gene expression profiling.
Indeed, the development of in situ hybridization techniques published simultaneously by John et al and Pardue and Gall in 1969 was a critical advancement in our scientific ability to detect and analyze gene activity in morphologically intact chromosomes1,2. Importantly, these early studies capitalized on the use of radioisotope-labeled probes and autoradiographic detection strategies. Significant advancements in molecular cloning techniques resulted in dramatic improvement in in situ radiolabeling strategies in the 1980s. These advancements included the ability to detect low copy number mRNA molecules in individual cells3 as well as the synthesis of radiolabeled oligonucleotides for in situ mRNA detection4.
And while the enhanced sensitivity and broad applicability of this technique have made its use fundamental to research laboratories across the globe, there have been significant barriers to more widespread and higher throughput implementation. Namely, the need for radioactive labeling and the associated issues that arise for safety, hazardous waste regulation and disposal, limited shelf life, and limitations in spatial resolution inherent to radioactive decay and autoradiography have presented challenges. This has spurred the development and optimization of non-radioactive alternatives for both filter and in situ hybridization techniques.
In this article, we will discuss the pros and cons of radioactive versus non-radioactive nucleic acid labeling as well as describe the various options for non-radioactive hybridization methods.
Radioactive hybridization probes
Historically, the probes of choice for hybridization assays were radioactively labeled nucleic acids. Advantages of this approach include robust signal with highly reproducible protocols. Results are readily quantified following exposure of signal to autoradiography film or phosphorimager screens with automated imaging instruments. Unfortunately, given the inherent safety concerns and hazardous disposal regulations, automation of steps using radioactive liquids is not readily feasible, thereby limiting these experiments to manual, low-throughput assays.
Radioactive probes can be rapidly prepared with high label density using uniform labeling methods such as random prime, nick translation or in vitro transcription. Nucleotides labeled with high energy-emitting radioisotopes such as 32P are extremely sensitive and can detect small/low amounts of target DNA. Sensitivity of detection has also improved with advancements in autoradiography film emulsion and phosphorimager detection systems to significantly reduce exposure time. However, this comes at a cost, as one of the obvious disadvantages of radioactive labels, besides the safety and regulatory issues, is their short shelf life (in particular 32P).
Non-radioactive hybridization probes
It is not surprising that significant advancements in the speed, sensitivity and analytics (i.e. detection systems) of non-radioactive labels have made these methods rather appealing compared to their radioactive counterparts. Indeed, practical advantages such as increased probe stability, convenient handling and far superior safety profiles are of obvious appeal. Moreover, the use of non-radioactive labeling allows for the possibility of combining multiple labels in a single experiment, enhancing assay flexibility and efficiency, and improving detection systems and analytic capabilities for sensitivity and specificity profiles comparable to autoradiography methods.
There are two main types of labeling for non-radioactive hybridization methods: direct and indirect. As its name implies, direct labeling occurs when the reporter molecule is directly bound to the nucleic acid probe, thereby allowing immediate visualization following hybridization. This requires that the reporter molecule must not impede the hybridization reaction and must be able to withstand the harsh hybridization and washing steps. Examples include dyes such as fluorescein, rhodamine and cyanine, although many others across the UV-Vis spectrum are available. Advantages of this method are the speed of detection and ease of quantification. However, these dyes can greatly differ in their efficiency of probe incorporation, stability and size. Therefore, care must be taken to choose the dyes appropriate to the given assay. Additionally, some direct methods may be converted to indirect methods to enhance sensitivity if there are available antibodies targeting the reporter molecule.
Indirect hybridization methods utilize probes that require a secondary reporter molecule for visualization, often detected chemically or enzymatically by affinity cytochemistry. In this method, the reporter should not interfere with the hybridization, similar to direct hybridization, and the reporter must be accessible for antibody interaction. The most common indirect hybridization methods include hapten-based oligonucleotide probes such as digoxigenin and biotin. The former method utilizes antibody-mediated detection (described below), while the latter relies on the exceptionally high affinity of biotin to streptavidin for detection of the biotinylated hybridization probes to a streptavidin molecule conjugated to either a reporter enzyme or a fluorescent dye. These methods result in enhanced sensitivity as the secondary reporter molecules allow for robust signal amplification and greater probe stability. Thus, the ideal choice of label is dependent on the particular downstream applications and consideration of speed of detection, sensitivity and quantification.
Digoxigenin (DIG) labeling
This method is perhaps the most popular alternative to hazardous radioactive isotopes. Initially developed by Roche more than 25 years ago5 and with continued advancement and optimization, the Roche DIG labeling system provides state-of-the-art labeling to meet your hybridization needs. The DIG labeling method is based on a steroid isolated from the digitalis plants (Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata) coupled with highly specific anti-DIG antibodies. In this method, digoxigenin is linked to uridine nucleotides at the C-5 position via an 11-carbon spacer. The DIG-labeled nucleotides can then be incorporated into nucleic acid probes by DNA or RNA polymerases at a defined density by various methods, including: random primed labeling, nick translation, PCR, 3'-end labeling/tailing or in vitro transcription. The DIG molecule can also by chemically labeled to nucleic acids via crosslinking primary amines (DIG-NHS ester) or covalent modification to a cisplatin derivative (DIG Chem-Link). Following hybridization, the DIG-labeled probes can be detected using high-affinity anti-DIG antibodies conjugated to a reporter (e.g. alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase, fluorescein, rhodamine or colloidal gold), or an unconjugated anti-DIG antibody can be coupled with a conjugated secondary antibody.
Roche DIG Application Manual for Nonradioactive In Situ Hybridization. 4th Edition./content/dam/RMS/lifescience/Documents/PDF/05353122001_08.08.pdf
Roche labeling and detection:
1. Pardue, M. L.; Gall, J. G. (1969) Molecular hybridization of radioactive DNA to the DNA of cytological preparations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64, 600 604.
2. John, H.; Birnstiel, M.; Jones, K. (1969) RNA-DNA hybrids at the cytological level. Nature 223, 582 587.
3. Harper, M. E.; Marselle, L. M.; Gallo, R. C.; Wong-Stahl, F. (1986) Detection of lymphocytes expressing human T-lymphotropic virus type III in lymph nodes and peripheral blood from infected individuals by in situ hybridization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 772 776.
4. Coghlan, J. P.; Aldred, P.; Haralambridis, J.; Niall, H. D.; Penschow, J. D.; Tregear, G. W. (1985) Hybridization histochemistry. Anal. Biochem. 149, 1 28.
5. Kessler, C. (1990) The digoxigenin system: principle and applications of the novel nonradioactive DNA labeling and detection system. BioTechnology Int. 1990, 183 194. | <urn:uuid:5c947b26-cf50-4583-99ba-0f3de6902711> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifescience.roche.com/en_in/blog/everyday-essentials-for-research/standing-out-from-the-crowd-dont-fade-into-the-background.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.878538 | 1,798 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Chiropractic care, although effective on its own, often delivers better results when supplemented with good health and nutrition. That is why our Louisville chiropractor
offers nutritional advice to patients who could respond better to chiropractic treatments with changes to dietary habits and the addition of nutritional supplements.
Top Five Family Chiropractic Nutritional Counseling Tips
1. Get more calcium and vitamin D. Calcium helps build strong bones, which are the foundation of the musculoskeletal system. Sturdy bones are more resistant to breaks and personal injury, meaning fewer trips to the chiropractor. However, calcium must be supplemented with plenty of vitamin D. Without it, the calcium is not as easily absorbed into the body.
2. Avoid highly processed foods loaded with sugar, fats and empty calories. Aside from a lack of exercise, those foods are the primary cause of obesity, which can impair the body's natural alignment. By choosing foods that are high in protein and low in calories, you can achieve your weight loss goals and also build lean muscle mass. Weight loss and strong muscles are key to a healthy musculoskeletal system.
3. Stop drinking sodas, which have been linked to higher rates of bone breakage, as well as osteoporosis. Here at our family chiropractic center, we know that one of the biggest challenges some families face is reducing or eliminating soda intake for both children and parents. However, by encouraging your children to make healthier choices and by setting a good example by avoiding soda yourself, you may reduce the risk of deteriorating bone density levels for both you and your kids.
4. Eat plenty of foods containing omega-3s, which helps reduce inflammation and promote healthy joints. Salmon is a good choice. Also, add vitamin E to your diet, such as that found in almonds. Vitamin E helps protect the membranes in the joints, which could prevent pain and limited motion range with age.
5. Drink more water. Aside from helping you lose weight and stay hydrated, water aids in the absorption of vitamins and minerals into your body from your digestive system. You can take all the supplements you want and eat fruits and vegetables all day, but without water, none of their health perks will benefit you.
Have you ever consulted a chiropractor for nutritional counseling? | <urn:uuid:a98f0648-989b-488e-8ca5-f25c16fec8d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ollischiropractic.com/blog/54733-louisville-chiropractor-offers-tips-for-healthy-nutrition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.947003 | 473 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Schoolchildren in Hong Kong surveyed on the prevalence and impact of allergic diseases
A collaborative study by the Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong and the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital
Eczema, asthma, and rhinitis are three of the most common paediatric allergic diseases. Beyond persistent hallmark symptoms such as scratching, wheezing, and sneezing, allergic diseases impose a burden on the psychological aspects of life in both children and parents. As a result, as initiated by the Dr. Celia Hoi Yan Chan, Associate Professor and Deputy Head of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration of The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and Dr. David Luk, Dr. James Cheng and the pediatricians of the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine of United Christian Hospital (UCH), a population-based International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) assessment was conducted in 2021, whereby over 2,200 schoolchildren and 1,800 parents were surveyed on the prevalence of allergic diseases and its mental health impact in Hong Kong.
The latest prevalence study of allergic diseases among Hong Kong primary and secondary schoolchildren after 18 years and 25 years respectively
-Although an increasing trend in the prevalence of eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis in children has been observed, updated prevalence rates from ISAAC studies are not available since 2004 for primary and 1997 for secondary schoolchildren in Hong Kong.
-As stated in the ISAAC protocol, target participants of ISAAC studies are a random sample of 6-7- and 13-14-year-olds. To obtain a representative sample, ISAAC recommends 3,000 participants from a minimum of 10 schools to be recruited for each age group.
- In light of the requirement, schools were randomly selected from each district during the first two rounds of recruitment. In each round, 14 primary and 14 secondary schools were invited to participate in the study.
-Due to low participation rates, a third round of recruitment was conducted. Nearly 900 invitation letters were sent to schools. Schools were also recruited from personal network. Physical copies of the questionnaires were sent to existing participating schools.
-Children and parents were invited to fill out questionnaires on the prevalence and severity of the allergic diseases, as well as psychosocial functioning of children and their parent caregivers.
Prevalence of allergic diseases among Hong Kong primary and secondary schoolchildren in 2022
1.High Prevalence of Eczema and Rhinitis as compared with international data
-Compared with international prevalence data on allergic diseases in 2013, eczema and rhinitis in the past year in Hong Kong primary schoolchildren were reported to be higher than those who resided in the Asia-Pacific region and most Western regions. Similarly, rhinitis in the past year in Hong Kong secondary schoolchildren were also higher than those reported in other regions of the world.
2. Huge increase of prevalence of Eczema and Rhinitis among primary schoolchildren since 2004
-From February to July 2021, primary one and two students from 19 primary schools and their parents had completed an online questionnaire. In total, self-reported data from 1,165 parent-child dyads were analyzed. The mean age of schoolchildren was 7.03 and 62% of schoolchildren were male.
-In the current study, the prevalence rates for eczema, asthma, rhinitis, and allergic rhinitis are 41.6%, 5.5%, 59.4% and 46.1% respectively.
-Compared with the last Hong Kong ISAAC in 2004, the prevalence of eczema, rhinitis and allergic rhinitis have largely increased. On the other hand, the prevalence rate of asthma has seen a minor drop.
-When primary one and two respondents were asked whether they had experienced symptoms of allergic diseases in the past year, 16.3% had experienced chronic rash (eczema), 6.2% had experienced wheezing (asthma) and 54.4% had experienced rhinitis.
-Male respondents were significantly more likely to experience wheezing in the past year, rhinitis, and allergic rhinitis than female respondents.
3. Rhinitis is the most prevalent allergic diseases among secondary schoolchildren between 1997 and 2022
-Form Two and Three students from 25 secondary schools and their parents had completed the online questionnaire. In total, self-reported data from 1,083 secondary school students and 636 parents were analyzed. The mean age of schoolchildren was 14.09 and 57% of schoolchildren were female.
-In the current study, the prevalence rates for eczema, asthma, rhinitis, and allergic rhinitis are 26.5%, 6.1%, 62.0% and 47.4% respectively, in which rhinitis is the most prevalent allergic diseases among the Form Two and Three respondents.
-Compared with the last Hong Kong ISAAC study in 1997, the prevalence rate of eczema and rhinitis has substantially increased, but the prevalence of asthma has decreased.
-In the current study, 10.4% of Form Two and Three students have experienced chronic rash (eczema), 5.0% have experienced wheezing (asthma) and 55.0% have experienced rhinitis.
-Male respondents were more frequently diagnosed with asthma than teenage females.
4. Possible causes behind the change of prevalence of allergic diseases for primary and secondary Schoolchildren
-A combination of environmental factors, such as the increased uptake of processed and high calorie foods, rising prevalence of obesity and climate changes; exacerbated by COVID-19 related factors, such COVID-19 related stress and changes in outdoor physical activities account for the increasing prevalence of eczema.
-Diagnostic shifts, changes in respiratory risk factors and behavior due to COVID-19 are possible explanations for the changes in prevalence of rhinitis and asthma.
The challenge of rendering psychosocial support for children with allergic diseases (See Appendix II, Table 2 and 3)
-Results indicated children with more severe eczema reported diminished levels of physical, emotional, social, and psychosocial functioning.
-More severe allergic rhinitis in children were associated with higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety, as well as lower levels of efficacy and sense of competence in parents. In other words, parents were more likely to feel stressed, anxious, depressed, and incompetent if their children had more severe allergic rhinitis.
-Previous research indicated that parents of children with eczema reported higher levels of stress and depression, as well as greater sleep disturbances. Given the highly fluctuating and unpredictable nature of eczema, constantly attending to, and worrying about the symptoms of the disease is a physical and mental challenge for parents of children with eczema.
"Seeing the Invisible" - Eczema management parent-child education program
-As initiated by the Department of Social Work and Social Administration of the University of Hong Kong (HKU) and in collaboration with the Boy's and Girl's Clubs Association of Hong Kong (BGCA), "Seeing the Invisible" - Eczema Management Parent-child Education Program will be launched in February with the aim to strengthen parents' knowledge of eczema and its management techniques, and to improve the quality of life of children with eczema and their parents (see Appendix IV for more details).
Mallol, J., et al. (2021) The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three: a global synthesis. Allergologia Et Immunopathologia. doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2012.03.001. | <urn:uuid:66586d51-71b2-49da-a488-9d4fd4ce6763> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.news-medical.net/amp/news/20220119/Schoolchildren-in-Hong-Kong-surveyed-on-the-prevalence-and-impact-of-allergic-diseases.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954878 | 1,615 | 2.703125 | 3 |
(click/touch triangles for details)
- ...bards, To limn their portraits, stately, beautiful, and emulate at will, Homer with all his wars and warriors—Hector, Achilles, Ajax, Or Shakspere's woe-entangled Hamlet, Lear, Othello—Tennyson's fair ladies, Metre or wit the best, or choice conceit to wield in perfect rhyme, delight of singers; These, these, O sea, all these I'd gladly barter, Would you the undulation of one wave, its trick to me transfer, Or breathe one breath of yours upon my verse, And leave its odor there.Book 34 — SANDS AT SEVENTY (13% in)
- The conceits of the poets of other lands I'd bring thee not, Nor the compliments that have served their turn so long, Nor rhyme, nor the classics, nor perfume of foreign court or indoor library; But an odor I'd bring as from forests of pine in Maine, or breath of an Illinois prairie, With open airs of Virginia or Georgia or Tennessee, or from Texas uplands, or Florida's glades, Or the Saguenay's black stream, or the wide blue spread of Huron, With presentment of Yellowstone's scenes,...Book 31 — Thou Mother with Thy Equal Brood.... (9% in)
There are no more uses of "conceit" in Leaves of Grass.
Typical Usage (best examples) | <urn:uuid:01169501-1276-4a0b-aa89-e65bb42616d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.verbalworkout.com/u/u105/u417413.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.893051 | 315 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The Zurich New York Lines
The Zurich New York Lines (by Dr James Lattin) is a study of the predominantly urban phenomena of lines. Whether criss-cross, diagonal, straight, or double yellow, the urban line is suggestive of order. Yet nothing could be further from this assumption, as Dr Lattin discovers on visits to Zurich and New York.
Winner of the ‘Most Improved Pamphlet’ Award at the 2016 Small Press Jamboree.
A5 pamphlet, staple bound, 8 pages, black and white printing
Out of stock | <urn:uuid:c6247454-382c-4810-808d-e50d1e221824> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://press.imaginativeknowledge.org/product/the-zurich-new-york-lines/?add-to-cart=9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.882604 | 125 | 1.5625 | 2 |
For any still doubting that we can end extreme poverty, a new report from the World Bank asserts that eliminating extreme poverty is an achievable goal.
Global poverty is declining and, since 1990, 1.1 billion people climbed out of living in extreme poverty, defined by people who live on less than $1.90 a day, according to the World Bank.
Twenty-three years ago, 35% of the world’s population lived in extreme poverty while today, it’s just 11% or 800 million people.
The World Bank’s new annual report, “Poverty and Shared Prosperity,” examines key themes of methods and policies working to end extreme poverty. The report’s focus this year is inequality.
One of the quickest ways to eliminate poverty is to end inequality, and fortunately, the report say inequality in low- and middle-income countries is on the decline.
“Inequality has come down in the last 10 years," said researcher Ana Revenga. Especially in East Asia and the Pacific, where regional rates of extreme poverty dropped from 60% to just 4% of the population.
This trend of global reduction in inequality is the first since the industrial revolution. Between 1820 and 1990, inequality was on a sharp rise, but since the 1990s a steady downward trend has shown global inequality to be decreasing between countries.
Researchers noted six policies which have been successful in reducing inequality and contributing to declining global poverty rates: early childhood development and nutrition; universal health coverage; universal access to quality education; making cash transfers to poor families’ rural infrastructure — especially roads and electrification; and progressive taxation.
These policies came from looking at five countries — Brazil, Cambodia, Mali, Peru, and Tanzania — where the inequality gap narrowed and extreme poverty declined in past years.
Overall, the biggest decline in inequality came from East Asia and the Pacific. Yet two regions remain a challenge. Eighty-four percent of people living in extreme poverty are in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
"The pockets of poverty that remain will become increasingly harder to reach and address," Francisco Ferreira, researcher from the World Bank report told NPR.
Though these areas may be harder to reach, this new World Bank report shows we have the right tools and policies to eradicate extreme poverty by 2030. | <urn:uuid:4f8a8544-354a-4fdb-9557-9a9a0b5d2ed5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/11billion-people-rose-extreme-poverty-world-bank-s/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.936301 | 480 | 3.71875 | 4 |
- 1 What are the four signs of astrology?
- 2 What are the fixed stars in astrology?
- 3 What are squares in astrology?
- 4 What is a natal star?
- 5 What is the rarest zodiac sign?
- 6 Are cardinal signs leaders?
- 7 What are the eight fixed stars?
- 8 What are old stars called?
- 9 Do fixed stars move?
- 10 Are squares in astrology bad?
- 11 What does a conjunction look like in astrology?
- 12 What is Lilith in astrology?
- 13 How do you explain a natal chart?
- 14 What is signature sign?
- 15 How do I find my star sign?
What are the four signs of astrology?
The practice of astrology recognizes four cardinal signs of the zodiac: Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn — sometimes called reacting signs. It associates those people born “under” one of these with certain human behaviors and traits.
What are the fixed stars in astrology?
Fixed and wandering stars Astrology also treats the Sun, a star, and Earth’s Moon as if they were planets in the horoscope. These stars were called ” fixed ” because it was thought that they were attached to the firmament, the most distant from Earth of the heavenly spheres.
What are squares in astrology?
A square is an aspect that reveals the tension, obstacles and challenges in your Life that reflect the planets involved. And if you have two planets that are side by side that make a 90° angle to another planet, then that creates 2 squares, one from each ‘conjunct’ planet to the third (square) planet.
What is a natal star?
1: native. 2: of, relating to, or present at birth especially: associated with one’s birth a natal star.
What is the rarest zodiac sign?
Ophiuchus ( astrology ) – Wikipedia.
Are cardinal signs leaders?
What Do Cardinal Signs Have in Common? Cardinal signs are the instigators, ready to forge ahead with plans and attract those who can support their efforts. Cardinal signs are leaders and tend to be outgoing because they’re engaged with the world in a dynamic way.
What are the eight fixed stars?
Alpha Centauri, Beta Centauri (pointers in Southern cross), Canopus (Argo), Sirius (Canus Major), Aldebaran (Taurus), Castor, Pollux (Gemini), Rigel, Betelguse (Orion), Antares (Scorpio).
What are old stars called?
This Digitized Sky Survey image shows the oldest star with a well-determined age in our galaxy. Called the Methuselah star, HD 140283 is 190.1 light-years away. Astronomers refined the star’s age to about 14.3 billion years (which is older than the universe), plus or minus 800 million years.
Do fixed stars move?
A fixed star moves across the night sky to the west. These stars stride across the astronomical meridian each day about 4 minutes earlier than the day before. Within a month, the distance can be quite considerable. Within three months, the difference in time is six hours.
Are squares in astrology bad?
“Contrary to their reputation, squares are not necessarily bad. They just show that work will be involved in producing the favored outcome.” Considered one of the decidedly hard aspects at 90°, a square is bound to produce tension between the involved planets’ energies. But a little tension can be helpful sometimes.
What does a conjunction look like in astrology?
The Conjunction – The conjunction is formed when two planets are at approximately the same degree of the same sign or at an orb of not more than 8 degrees. In a conjunction, the energies of the two planets are combined, and the result is often a strengthening of both.
What is Lilith in astrology?
Black Moon Lilith is the geometric point in the sky that marks the furthest point of the moon’s orbit around the earth. In an astrology chart, Black Moon Lilith represents a person’s primitive impulses and behavior in their rawest form.
How do you explain a natal chart?
Natal charts include planetary placements, which is where a given planet was when you were born, based on your geographic location. The planets are represented on natal charts by glyphs, and while alternative versions of said glyphs, exist, the below depiction is generally how you can expect them to appear.
What is signature sign?
To put it short, the astrological signature sign is the zodiac sign that’s the most specific to you. The characteristics of this sign repeat themselves often in your birth chart. To find it, you add up the modality and element of your planets. It’s the most frequent modality and element in your natal chart.
How do I find my star sign?
What’s a star sign and how do I find mine?
- Capricorn: December 22 – January 20.
- Aquarius: January 21 – February 18.
- Pisces: February 19 – March 20.
- Aries: March 21 – April 20.
- Taurus: April 21 – May 21.
- Gemini: May 22 – June 21.
- Cancer: June 22 – July 22.
- Leo: July 23 – August 23. | <urn:uuid:27d7c4fa-73e2-4a0b-bc5a-7b5a082b8953> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://astrozonereviews.com/astrology/readers-ask-what-do-the-four-stars-that-look-like-a-box-and-a-tail-mean-on-astrology.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.934931 | 1,162 | 2.546875 | 3 |
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Chen Tai’an poses for a photo atop the Hongsha Hydropower Station dam in Liuyang, Hunan province, 2021. Diao Fanchao for Sixth Tone
For decades, rural areas along the Yangtze River depended on small hydropower stations. Now, amid rising ecological costs and safety concerns, the government wants to make them more sustainable.
Early in April, continuous rain lashed the central city of Liuyang, Hunan province for days. As the Yangtze River Basin entered its major flood season and its banks swelled, Chen Tai’an stood inside the hydropower plant he partly owns, listening to the rumble of its turbines.
He says it’s the best time of the year to generate hydropower since most turbines operate at full capacity. But this year has been different. Chen says his Hongsha Hydropower Station’s annual revenue fell by more than 30,000 yuan ($4,600) as its output was cut by 100,000 kilowatts per hour.
The reduced power generation stemmed from new, and more stringent, government guidelines for maintaining “ecological water flow” — the level and quality of water in rivers to sustain the local ecosystem.
According to a 2018 government policy mandated for small hydropower stations, Chen couldn’t store water during the dry spell between August and March — meaning river water could no longer be fully stored to generate electricity as in previous years. So he was given until August of last year to install a floodgate on the dam to release one-tenth of the annual runoff into the river, with which he complied.
“All that water wasted… such a shame,” says Chen, looking at the river and furrowing his brow. He’s still pondering what the government meant by “ecological water flow.” To him, all river water is a valuable resource, and using turbines to turn it into power “is far more environmentally friendly than cutting down trees to burn firewood.”
Chen isn’t the only one wondering the same thing.
Such small hydropower stations were once the main source of power for villages in southern China. But with improvements to the rural power grid — now connected to the national grid — and rising environmental concerns, the same stations are now on thin ice.
Though small hydropower is considered clean energy, factors like unsustainable development, technical restrictions, illegal construction, and insufficient regulation — all of which led to yearslong overexploitation — have forced a rethink on these stations.
And with stretches of some rivers shrinking, or even drying up, the government in late 2018 launched a “rectification” campaign to start improving the quality of around 25,000 small hydropower plants in 10 provinces as well as directly administered municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
About two years into this drive, data from the Ministry of Water Resources showed that more than 21,000 stations had adjusted their water flow to meet ecological requirements, 3,090 were dismantled, and 903 are scheduled for demolition.
End of an era
Chen’s hydropower station was among the first deemed in need of “rectification.” He received a notice to this effect in 2019 because, when storing water during dry spells, the Hongsha Hydropower Station could cause sections of the river downstream to shrink or even dry up.
The notice stated that the Hongsha Hydropower Station hadn’t produced an environmental impact assessment report, hadn’t completed land approval procedures, had no standardized management protocol, and presented several safety risks. Chen was given until August 2020 to complete renovations.
“In the past, while constructing power stations, we were allowed to get things off the ground quickly and patch up inadequacies later. At the time, they were encouraging everyone to build — especially smaller stations like ours — and the quality of stations was basically the same everywhere,” says Chen.
He says he didn’t understand the sudden rectification notice, and wanted to stall it for as long as he could. It wasn’t until a government task force came knocking on his door that he realized there was no choice.
“Now that they’re asking us to renovate, we definitely feel some resentment. If we let water flow through our facilities without turning it into power, it’s a lost opportunity to make money. Renovation also costs money, and ‘ecological water flow’ was never a requirement in the past,” he says.
The Hongsha Hydropower Station lies on the Xiaoxi River in Liuyang City. This river is at the heart of eastern Hunan’s heavy rainfall zone, where the province’s most torrential downpours usually occur.
An exterior view of Hongsha Hydropower Station in Liuyang, Hunan province, 2021. Diao Fanchao for Sixth Tone
China had turned to its rivers, just like the Xiaoxi in the 1980s, to address an electricity deficit in rural areas, marking the beginning of a golden age of small hydropower development. From 2000 to 2015, the central government issued a series of documents listing hydropower as “rural infrastructure that should be given priority support.”
Director of Liuyang’s water resources bureau Deng Hua says the city, located in a mountainous region, began to suffer electricity problems in the 1980s. Then in 2003, the Hunan provincial government encouraged the active development of rural hydropower, following with counties in the region focusing on attracting private investment.
Eager to benefit from the boom, Chen — at the time a worker at a hydroelectric power station in the eastern Jiangxi province — invested in the Hongsha Hydropower Station. It now has more than a dozen shareholders like him. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, 80% of the 25,000 small hydropower stations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are privately owned stations like Hongsha.
Encouraged by earlier policies, such projects — most with an installed capacity below 50,000 kilowatts — soon began dotting the river without proper planning. But with poorly defined staff duties and insufficient supervision, some stations severely flouted norms — leading to frequent accidents.
An interior view of Hongsha Hydropower Station in Liuyang, Hunan province, 2021. Diao Fanchao for Sixth Tone
In December 2009, the Ministry of Water Resources, together with three other official bodies jointly issued the Notice on Strengthening the Safety Supervision of Small Hydropower Stations.
It marked the first time so many ministries came together to address safety concerns surrounding hydropower.
Safety aside, the government soon also turned its attention to the glaring ecological impact of small hydropower. In 2016 and 2017, the Central Environmental Inspection team told the provinces of Guangxi, Gansu, Hunan, and Sichuan that overexploitation in small hydropower stations was a concerning matter.
In a 2018 report, the National Audit Office showed that such overexploitation had caused 333 rivers on the Yangtze River Economic Belt to dry up to varying degrees. The total length of severed or dried up river sections exceeded 1,017 km.
Su Liqun, director of the Technical Center of the Jiangxi Provincial Water Resources Department, underscores that the standard for hydropower stations locals built in the 1980s was relatively low. “Indeed, the problems that have occurred during the development of small hydropower cannot be overlooked. During the 10-year peak period (2000-2010) of small hydropower development, the desire to attract large-scale investment led to a general practice of ‘jumping on the bandwagon first and patching up issues later,’” he says.
“As a result, there are many residual problems from this period,” Su says. “Some power stations reached the point where they absolutely must be rectified or even demolished. Others that violate safety regulations are teetering on the precipice of disaster — they are dangerous not just to the environment, but to the safety of people, too.”
To address the issue, the central government in 2018 issued the Opinions on the Implementation of the Clean-up and Rectification of Small Hydropower in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. According to this document, small hydropower stations fell into three categories: those for demolition, extensive rectification, or preservation.
The first category is reserved for substandard stations that have affected natural reserves and the surrounding area. The second category is for those that have impacted local ecologies and have yet to fully complete approval procedures, while the third is for stations that comply with regulations.
“In the past, people both worked and lived in the plant, and there were many safety hazards. We set a safety standard. Those that have been renovated are now significantly safer,” says Deng, the director. “We calculated a certain sum for owners of hydropower stations. If they don’t invest this sum into renovations and safety and an accident occurs, they’ll be forced to pay a much greater compensation.”
A view of a river after the demolition of a hydropower station in Weixin County, Yunnan province. Diao Fanchao for Sixth Tone
The tide turns
Following the sustained government campaign, Liuyang is now the first city in Hunan to complete rectification for small hydropower stations. Chen has since installed the required monitoring equipment on the dam to ensure ecological water flow and has completed the environment assessment and land use approval procedures. But many other power stations have been completely dismantled in the drive.
Li Yuanyong, governor of Weixin County in Zhaotong City, southwestern Yunnan, says there were 17 small hydropower stations on the mainstream and tributaries of the his province’s section of the Chishui River Basin, with a combined installed capacity of 22,355 kilowatts. As of Sept. 28, 2020, all of them had been completely dismantled, with ecological restoration carried out at the sites.
Data from the Ministry of Water Resources shows that more than 14,000 small hydropower stations have completely renovated their discharge facilities, and more than 21,000 power stations currently in operation have implemented ecological flow limits and registered with regulatory platforms in line with the government’s requirements.
Incidentally, across Hunan, Jiangxi, and Yunnan, stations formerly built in national or provincial nature reserves (whether in the “core” or “buffer” zones) have already been dismantled as part of the rectification initiative.
The ecological benefits of the campaign are most visible in the dry season between August and March. In places where the improvements have been completed in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, segments of formerly shrunken or dried up rivers have returned to normal.
A regulatory platform ensuring that stations abide by ecological water flow limits has also been established, along with real-time online monitoring. This is the first stage in the development of a regulatory system through which all stations will be connected.
Qiu Wanli, president of the Hydropower Industry Association of Xiushui County in Jiangxi province, says many migrant workers from the area invested their savings in building hydropower stations. Once built, the workers had stable long-term income in the form of annual dividends, which allowed them to return to their hometowns and take care of their families.
Many interviewed believe small hydropower stations have played an irreplaceable role in China’s economic and social development, especially in ensuring power supply in mountainous areas. “In 2017, the entire power grid in Xiushui County, Jiangxi, shut down as a result of severe flooding. After provincial and municipal orders, we started repairing small hydropower stations and supply was quickly restored, which in turn reduced the impact of the disaster,” says Qiu.
“In peak periods of electricity use, small hydropower stations supplement the power supply, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid,” he adds. “In natural disasters and other special circumstances, small hydropower plays a role that cannot be replaced by other energy sources.”
A dam under repair in Xiushui County, Jiangxi province, April 2021. Diao Fanchao for Sixth Tone
Clean leap forward
In recent years, there have been two conflicting arguments around hydropower. One maintains that the development of small hydropower truncates and dries up rivers, and that its disorderly development bears no relation to the livelihood of the local population.
The other encourages its development, underscoring that small hydropower is universally recognized as clean energy and has promoted waterway administration, flood prevention, and irrigation, and has improved the quality of life in local communities.
Su, the Jiangxi hydropower official, says that, in this new period, small hydropower still has much room for growth as a source of clean energy. At the same time, however, he says the problems cannot be glazed over.
He insists that in the future, the sustainability and safety of small hydropower must be guaranteed. In Jiangxi’s case, the province has revised its water resources development plan for small- and medium-sized rivers, and plans to build 111 hydropower stations.
But Su quickly points out: “The addition of new stations is not the direction in which Jiangxi’s development of small hydropower is headed. The first step is to renovate the more than 3,700 existing power stations and upgrade their efficiency.”
The role of small hydropower in reducing carbon emissions cannot be overlooked, either. In Hunan, small hydropower output saves 15.34 million tons of standard coal per year, reduces CO2 emissions by 38.35 million tons, and cuts sulphur dioxide emissions by 20,000 tons.
Back in Liuyang, water resources bureau chief Deng agrees that small hydropower has a future, with a caveat: “Small hydropower can be a clean energy source that reduces carbon emissions,” he says. “So long as it is developed in a sustainable manner with attention to ecological and environmental protection, it is a viable option.” | <urn:uuid:d7f7434b-414e-4a31-9c25-f6d7fbc92cb1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geotill.com/hydropower-stations-china-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959568 | 3,003 | 3.046875 | 3 |
What is a fake force? Let me illustrate with an example. Suppose you want to use Newtonian mechanics. You know - where the net force is the rate a which the momentum changes with time?
Or maybe you like to write this as:
The problem is that these don't work in an accelerating reference frame. Bummer. There is a way to fix this. Introduce a fake force. So, a fake force is a force that is not an interaction between two objects. Rather it is like duck tape (I refuse to call it duct tape because it isn't good for ducts) on your accelerating frame. Fake forces are forces that seem like they are there if you are pretending the frame doesn't acceleration.
You know what I am talking about. You know because you have been in an elevator. When you push the "up" button, what happens? It feels like you are being pushed down. Ah ha! But the only two forces on you are the gravitational force and the force from the floor. If you want to pretend you are the center of the universe and not accelerating, you have to make a fake force to explain why you are being pushed down.
What about a crazier example? Check this out this clip from the show Wipeout. Basically, the show is an adult-sized obstacle course.
I hope I don't need to point this out (but I am). As the guy slide down the rotating slide, in the frame of the slide he curved to the right. Awesome, isn't it? Let me go ahead and state the second rule of fake forces (the first rule of fake forces is: don't talk about fake forces).
For this case, the guy on the slide and the camera person not on the rotating slide should agree that sliding guy went off the right side of the slide. Wouldn't that be crazy if they didn't agree on what happened? Let me draw a diagram of the trajectory of the sliding guy seen from both the rotating and the non-rotating frame. | <urn:uuid:c5605b0b-141e-412b-bcdb-53ab08d06a7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wired.com/2011/04/coriolis-force-in-a-wipeout-rotating-slide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960618 | 415 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The new variant of Petya doesn’t have a preference between shaken or stirred. Mostly it’s just in favor of causing a frenzy as the new ransomware, GoldenEye. Much like the James Bond film it’s named for, it is making a bold return.
What is Petya?
Petya is a unique ransomware threat that appeared in the beginning of 2016. Instead of simply encrypting a user’s files, it works by encrypting the master file table (MFT) used by NTFS disk partitions to store file information.
In the attack, each affected system’s master boot record (MBR) is overwritten, then the 32-sectors long kernel proceeds to encrypt. Once the Petya executes, the machine will crash, reboot, and present a skull-and-crossbones animation.
In the ransom note, the threat actors demand payment by bitcoin to decrypt the system. While the statement alludes to the full disk having been encrypted, it actually encrypts the master file table (MFT), rendering the system unreadable.
How Does GoldenEye Differ?
GoldenEye is the Petya/Mischa combo that infects recipients with two demands for bitcoin payments. Modeled as a job application, the spam campaign targets German speakers, specifically with human resource titles.
In a sneaky effort to have employees open the file, the malicious actors include the word “application” in the subject line. With HR departments receiving such a high volumes of resumes, the emails are opened without a second thought.
Lending credibility to the malicious file, an innocuous resume is included with a photo of the supposed job applicant. Then lurking inside, there is also a link for recipients to open an XLS file that requires macros to be enabled.
Unsuspecting HR employees continue to enable the macros only to have a VBScript run in the background, spurring the takeover by the executable. GoldenEye differentiates itself through a modified version of Petya to encrypt the MFT before the MBR is overwritten.
In the end, victims are met with a 1.3 bitcoin demand (about $1,000) on two pay pages without the guarantee that decryption keys will be provided.
The Dangers of Sugarcoated Entry
Typical signs of phishing campaigns might include poorly written emails flush with spelling errors, or perhaps emails containing Office files. In the case of GoldenEye, the scammers have thought through how to get past the most security-educated HR employees.
“If you like, do take a look at the other file, where I have put all the dull and boring stuff that HR departments need. It’s up to you. No pressure. And while you are thinking about it, here’s a picture of me, a respectable-looking, polite young man looking for a respectable career. Have a nice day.” is probably refreshing to the HR person inundated with boring “me-centric” resumes.
GoldenEye not only exploits a victim’s files, but their psyche as well. The old adage goes: you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar. In this case, it’s proving to be very effective.
As malicious actors become more thoughtful in their ransomware campaigns, we must stay on top of all the latest threats. By educating users on what to look for, there is a better chance of avoiding paying ransoms.
To help you do that we’ve started a Ransomware Roundup for all the new and interesting developments in the cyber threat arena. Be sure to check back frequently for updates. | <urn:uuid:72729682-6cad-4c32-82a3-5ce8d5f887c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/worst-candidate-job-petya/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.923906 | 758 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The Soul of a Woman
I had my blood pressure taken recently, something that happens more frequently when you reach middle age. I normally have low blood pressure – to the extent that I sometimes have problems with light-headedness – so my GP was surprised by a reading of 120/90. She took two more measurements to be sure. Each time it went higher.
I confided that, before coming into her office, I had been reading about our attorney-general’s repudiation of a rape allegation brought against him by a woman who subsequently committed suicide. My GP said that we’d ignore the readings; we’d do a fresh exam next time.
Isabel Allende’s The Soul of a Woman spends some time considering the body’s failings in relation to ageing, but this memoir is mostly focused on and informed by rage about the patriarchy – a rage sparked when Allende’s mother was abandoned by her husband. Divorce not being allowed in Chile at the time, Allende’s father agreed to an annulment on the proviso that he never have anything to do with his three small children. Her brothers were allowed to vent their anger, but when Allende did the same thing, her mother consulted doctors to find out what was wrong with her daughter, suspecting colic or a tapeworm. Allende retrospectively diagnoses herself as an early bloomer: “I was a feminist in kindergarten.”
At one point, Allende describes The Soul of a Woman as “an informal chat”, and certainly the book has a meandering structure, which sometimes quotes poems and in which Allende’s storytelling skills – the source of this book’s charm – are on full display. Allende’s patriarchal stepfather, in old age, is cared for by a “team of kind women … as if he were a greenhouse orchid”. Wit, as here, frequently enlivens the narrative. Reflecting on an experience of online dating, following her divorce from her second husband, Allende observes – in appealing deadpan style – how in advertisements the “euphemism for horny is ‘spontaneous’ ”. Allende also relates the story of how she met her third husband, who wrote her a fan letter. While conceding that it would be “more convenient to be bisexual or lesbian because women my age are more interesting and age better than men”, she proclaims herself “fatally heterosexual”. Allende’s candour stretches to revealing a dramatic plan to end her life before old age takes away her independence. The anecdote ends with a punchline:
“I had an agreement with a male friend … to commit suicide together when we deemed it appropriate. He was going to fly his plane – a tin mosquito – toward the horizon until we had no more fuel and then we would plunge into the Pacific Ocean, a clean ending that would spare our families the cost of two funerals. Unfortunately, a couple of years ago, my friend’s pilot license expired and he could not renew it.”
However, Allende is also often straight-talking, perhaps in a way that may prove surprising to those who view her as a writer of melodrama. She describes feminism as “the most important revolution of the 20th century”. She puts paid to the fallacy that “strong” women mean a society is matriarchal, when men continue to “control political and economic power”. She argues that human rights are in fact only men’s rights: “If a man is beaten and deprived of his freedom, it’s called torture. When a woman endures the same, it’s called domestic violence and is still considered a private matter in most of the world.” Allende provides statistics about child brides, rapes and war crimes, honour killings and female slavery.
The book’s mix of quirky stories and historical facts resonates with the genre of magical realism, with which Allende’s name is associated and which is often unfairly maligned, particularly when practised by women writers. The House of the Spirits, perhaps Allende’s most famous novel, may begin as a story involving clairvoyance and other magical happenings, but it ends with the novel’s young female protagonist fighting against a violent junta. The novel is based on the overthrow of Chile’s democratically elected president Salvador Allende, Isabel’s uncle, in 1973. The coup forced Allende’s family into exile. Intriguingly, while Allende refers to the horrors of Chile’s past, she never mentions her uncle.
Allende’s reputation, as she herself admits, was forged on the back of the Latin American literary “boom”, which she describes as “a male phenomenon”. She reveals how a male colleague once refused to acknowledge her as a writer, calling her instead a “typist”. Allende has since become world-famous, though her reputation has suffered from association with “women’s genres”. However, Allende speaks humorously of her failings rather than successes as a romance writer: “I try to imagine a lover that my heterosexual female readers would like but that compendium of masculine virtues is beyond my reach.” Indeed, attesting to Allende’s commitment to reality over sentimentality, she describes the romance industry as one that “competes with narco trafficking in creating addiction”.
Allende saves her rage, though, for male violence, repeating Kavita Ramdas’s call to demilitarise the world, arguing that this “goal can only be achieved by women, because we are not seduced by the male attraction to weapons and we are the ones who most suffer the impact of a culture that exalts violence”. Allende’s claim that women “bet on life, not on extermination” because they give birth may smack of biological determinism, and there’s a lot in this book that seems old-fashioned – such as Allende’s insistence that a feminist can still be sexy – but this is still, alas, very much a book for our times.
For all the depressing statistics and anecdotes, Allende provides an equal number of stories of women who are making a difference, so that the effect of this memoir is overwhelmingly motivating and uplifting. If I returned to the GP, my blood pressure would probably be lower.
Bloomsbury, 192pp, $22.99
This article was first published in the print edition of The Saturday Paper on March 20, 2021 as "Isabel Allende, The Soul of a Woman".
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Sleep has a lot to do with your overall mood. You may already notice that nights with poor sleep can lead to you feeling irritable or stressed the following day, and nights where you sleep well lead to you feeling relaxed and happy.
There have been many studies done over the years linking the lack of sleep to your overall mood. Here are a few factors to consider as to how poor sleep may be affecting your mood.
Stress happens to all of us at some point, and that tends to be one of the top causes of insomnia. Stress can also cause a lack of consistency with your sleeping routine, leaving you feeling moody the following day. Finding ways to manage day-to-day stress is important. Make sure you are also practicing good sleep hygiene habits and avoiding the use of technological devices before bedtime.
Not getting enough sleep
The average adult requires around 8 hours of sleep each night, though some may perform better with closer to 9 or 10 hours. Lack of sleep tends to be a huge influence on your mood, which is why it is so important to make sure you are getting enough sleep. Make sure you keep a consistent sleeping routine that includes going to bed at the same time each night and waking up at the same time each morning.
Many adults suffer from chronic insomnia, which is where you have trouble falling and staying asleep at night and you may find yourself lying awake in bed for as much as several hours. There are many reasons for this; while stress is often a factor, there can be times when there is a bigger issue at hand that may require medical treatment, including night terrors, sleepwalking and untreated sleep apnea.
When to seek help
Sleep is vital to your overall mood and happiness. One night of sleep that is “off” is not generally a problem, as long as you get back on track the next day. If you have tried everything and still cannot sleep well, then it may be time to seek medical advice, especially if this is affecting your mood and/or performance during the daytime. This way you can work with your doctor to find a solution to help you sleep better. | <urn:uuid:e1a81171-0815-4687-8a0c-ed42227ad923> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.papsmart.com/blog/the-connection-between-sleep-and-your-mood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972361 | 443 | 2.59375 | 3 |
UBC Theses and Dissertations
Teacher turf wars : a case study of the impacts of intra-school competition on elective teachers in British Columbia’s public schools Pirbhai, Mariam
This qualitative study explored the impacts of heightened intra-school competition between elective teachers in three public secondary schools in British Columbia (BC). This study used semi-structured interview data from seven secondary school elective teachers from three secondary schools within one BC school district to explore how teachers perceive and respond to intra-school competition. The BC Liberal government introduced neoliberal policies in 2002 in the BC public school system through the School Amendment Act of 2002 (Bill 34) legislation. Changes included giving parents and students the right to choose to attend any school or program beyond their neighborhood catchment area, provided that there is availability, providing public accountability, establishing greater school board autonomy, and allowing for the creation of for-profit school board companies. The findings show that all of the teachers interviewed felt that they were in competition with their colleagues for student enrolment, regardless of whether or not they chose to actively engage in competitive practices. The majority of the teachers interviewed chose to market their programs to their students. The teachers interviewed did not feel that competition impacted their teaching practices, as they believed that they strived to engage their students due to their own personal motivations rather than through competition. Teachers were keen to protect their specialty area and skeptically viewed new course offerings that may infringe on their area of teaching. Despite the competitive environment, overall teachers did not find that competition for student enrolment impacted their relationships with their colleagues. This study sheds light on how teachers compete and market their courses to drive their course enrolment in the competitive environment that they experience in their schools. This study also illustrates how teachers may act out of self-interest to protect their teaching interests, so that they can continue to teach the courses that they believe are of value to their students and society.
Item Citations and Data
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada | <urn:uuid:2eb3267f-a9b5-468f-94e8-1c65173e3c53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0132751 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.975616 | 422 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Sports and Their Benefits To The Body and Mind
Many individuals like to guarantee that they get some kind of exercise daily. They believe that the routine will keep them healthy and fit. They are correct as exercise can improve مباراة المغرب physical and mental health of a person. It assists the blood flow well and reach every organ in the body. Hence, the organs begin to function much better. The flow of blood also enables the brain cells to work better. Tense muscles will unwind, and state of mind will improve. Those who face demanding situations find that workout can provide enormous relief.
How To Pick A Kind Of Exercise
Individuals can get exercise in various forms. They may choose calmer severals difficult kinds. Some individuals like to choose a long walk or walking in the wilderness, while others wish to play a sport. They like that they get to join others who have the very same interest. You can get your dosage of workout in any way you like. You might wish to play a quiet video game of golf or an energetic video game of football. Both games are equally exciting. It all depends upon your choice.
Some Popular Games
There are lots of sports that people delight in. Basketball is a basic game with guidelines that a person can learn with ease. You will need a basketball court if you pick to play the game. Golf has its own appeal. You can play the game on a stunning golf course amidst nature. It is a sluggish video game however an enjoyable one. It will assist you bond with your buddies as there is a great deal of time to chat. Badminton is also a popular video game that many individuals enjoy. It has easy guidelines, and players can learn it quickly. Among the most popular choices among gamers is football. It is a quick game, so it holds the interest of many people.
Many people play football. However, there are those who choose to enjoy others playing the game. They will make the effort to go to an arena or see the match on television. Often, there are tournaments that take place around the world. People wait anxiously for a possibility to view them and might even position bets on the game result. They book tickets in advance. Thirty-two nations will take part in the المغرب قطر 2022 World Cup this year. Football lovers are eagerly anticipating it as the battle will be fantastic. Those who want to get the latest المغرب كأس العالم قطرupdates, can look at Maroc 24. | <urn:uuid:5a4111cb-1381-4422-94f7-9511d978db6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dominickvudv407.iamarrows.com/maroc24-official | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955741 | 538 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Gas flooding methods have been used as successful tertiary recovery agents for decades. Recent studies suggested the effectiveness of using low temperature CO2 injection in high temperature reservoirs. With respect to current economic limitations, nitrogen and CO2 seems to be one of the most conventional ways to improve the oil recovery. The high temperature reservoirs may not be suitable for isothermal gas injections as they would suffer from gravity override of the gas, while low temperature injection could minimize the effect. The main goal of this study is to compare the low temperature injection of these two fluids in high temperature reservoirs aiming to improve the oil recovery. To obtain a proper comparison between CO2 and nitrogen, several simulations have been constructed and performed. Thermal compositional runs seem to be the perfect candidate to achieve the goals of this study. The results suggest that with equal injection amount and duration of both fluids, liquid CO2 is a better candidate for improving oil recovery. Ultimate recoveries for CO2 and nitrogen injection at same initial conditions were recorded as 73% and 55%, respectively. The effectiveness of liquid CO2 for oil recovery was recorded as 1.52 barrels of oil for each barrel of injection, whereas a barrel of nitrogen recovered only an average of 0.65 barrel of oil. The viscosity reduction was more severe in liquid CO2, which suggests better mobility for the oil than in nitrogen injection. The CO2 breakthrough happened at an earlier time than nitrogen but due to much higher ultimate recovery, it can be overlooked. The overall conclusion suggests that low temperature CO2 injection can be considered a beneficial and promising method for enhancing oil recovery in high temperature reservoirs.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
- Fuel Technology
- Geochemistry and Petrology | <urn:uuid:9362aee5-c451-4c23-995a-e8a9dcf77ace> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchportal.hw.ac.uk/en/publications/comparison-of-cosub2sub-and-nitrogen-injection-at-low-temperature | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955414 | 353 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Athletes are increasingly leaving a positive human footprint | Mark Middlemas
Why would this benefit an athlete’s commercial/brand career?
We live in the age where purpose matters – on and off the field of play.
Standing up for a cause beyond your sport and knowing your ‘why’ is becoming increasingly important and valuable for today’s athletes.
Standing for something shows you care about society and businesses increasingly want to partner with athletes that champion a purpose and have the same or similar values to them. Making a stand is nothing new and it is not just the super athletes who are getting in on the act as society and business shifts towards a more equal, diverse and inclusive position.
A much longer tail of athletes, teams and sports is benefitting and can benefit from the things they genuinely care about.
Man City footballer Raheem Sterling standing up to racism is hugely important and so is former England footballer-turned professional boxer challenging gender stereotypes in sport and 2016 Olympic Gold medallist, Hannah Mills MBE, championing sustainability through her global, plastic-free sport initiative Big Plastic Pledge.
Making a stand also sets up an athlete to continue their cause-related campaigning after they retire. By getting involved in a cause before they retire they can use their role model status to elevate the cause to a higher level, set a positive example and build a strong network before they take their campaigning to the next level in retirement.
Are there any cases in which they could in fact negatively affect their commercial/brand career by doing this?
There are various examples of athletes around the world making a stand where it has affected their career in a negative way – religion and human rights in particular.
A powerful example is the first woman Ballon d’Or Winner in 2019 Ada Hegeberg, who has fallen out with the Norwegian FA over her stance on equality in football in Norway. She missed the recent 2019 Women’s World Cup despite the Norwegian FA agreeing to equal pay for women representing Norway. Her comments below perfectly outline how sport and society are impacting one another and why she didn’t back down and play for Norway in the tournament.
- “Football is my biggest passion in life and I’ve worked really hard to get here. It’s so important to me so I can’t sit and watch things not go in the right direction.”
- “Winning all these trophies and having all this success gives you a voice. It’s not about me. It’s never been about me. It’s about getting the change for our sport. It should motivate a lot of others too. We’re all in this together.”
- “I got a question from a journalist asking ‘do you consider yourself a footballer or someone who fights for equality?’ and I said it’s impossible to be in football and not fight for equality.”
- “When we all stand together on this, to bring our sport in the right direction, we will be so strong.”
- “The more people give attention to equal pay, the easier it gets. I think we should look at ourselves and what we can do to develop the sport to increase the level and obviously that’s to perform, to increase the level. That’s our biggest job.”
- “But it’s not always about money, either. It’s about attitude and respect. We’re talking about young girls getting the same opportunity as boys – giving them the same opportunity to dream.”
- “If you can change attitudes in the beginning, things will change.”
- “The men in the suits can’t ignore that. They are going to understand one day. They are going to understand that this is about society and it’s about modern football.”
Why do athletes branch out beyond their sport rather than sticking with something within their specific sport?
They are role models and have a powerful platform to help deliver change and many are now using their voice to affect the many issues we face in the world. They want to leave a positive human footprint and that is fantastic to see and hear.
Athletes are increasingly making stands within their own sport to make it better in some way. It may be 2016 Olympic Gold medal swimmer, Adam Peaty, pushing for and supporting a global swimming league because he didn’t feel the global governing body was doing enough to help professional swimmers between Olympic cycles or Ronnie O’Sullivan campaigning to take snooker to better equipped venues.
There are others who want to drive change in areas of society outside of sport like sailor Hannah Mills MBE in sustainability, boxer Isaac Chamberlain with safer streets, Stacey Copeland with diversity and inclusion. These are all issues personal to the athlete that they want to do something about.
I applaud them for that as their positive influence makes the world and society a better place.
Why do you think this trend is increasing among athletes? What has changed in the global sports landscape that has facilitated this increasing trend?
Athletes are some of the most positive role models in society and living in this age of purpose they are increasingly wanting to deliver positive change through the influence they carry.
Also, brands and rights holders in sport are having to be increasingly accountable for their actions (sustainability, duty of care, mental health, diversity & inclusion, equality) and so this brings inevitable champions of purpose to the front of the debate.
Finally, in your opinion, what is the best example of an athlete using their profile and role model status to make a stand for something beyond their sport?
Raheem Sterling standing up to racism, Serena Williams empowering women & working mothers are both great examples of making a stand in the world.
However, the best example I have experienced personally is professional boxer, Stacey Copeland’s Pave The Way initiative. This athlete’s journey is beyond inspirational and the fact she is wanting to leave ‘a positive human footprint’ (her words) with her foundation that challenges gender stereotypes in sport and wider society is fantastic.
That’s the power of sport and the power of today’s athletes to leave the world in a better place than which they found it. | <urn:uuid:e8d7558a-6662-4f9e-a157-4a5cf31b9af2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://athletemedia.co.uk/article/athletes-are-increasingly-leaving-a-positive-human-footprint-mark-middlemas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960319 | 1,317 | 1.898438 | 2 |
According to UNICEF, there are over 27 million slaves in the world today, more than the total trafficked during the entire trans-Atlantic slave trade, representing one of the greatest abuses of power in human relationships.
According to Andy Crouch, Senior Editor at Christianity Today International, power is first and foremost a gift given to the human race from the Creator God.
Something has gone wrong.
And that something will be unveiled and discussed as we do two things on April 11th.
- First, we will face the hard truths about human trafficking by watching together the documentary “At the End of Slavery.”
- Second, we will hear a message of hope that connects the power unleashed in the Resurrection to the vision of a world without such abuse.
This is one of the essential conversations of our generation, one that that church must face into and deal with, and I believe that Sunday, April 11th will be an unforgettable beginning to that conversation.
It is for us as the church.
It is for our friends and neighbors who are curious about Jesus.
It’s for everyone who has ever asked the question “Where is God in the midst of human tragedy?”
Doors open at 6:30pm and a light dinner will be served. Tickets on sale here. If you are going, take a moment and post to your FB page. See you there. | <urn:uuid:b85b5fbd-87f4-407c-9041-44b459aada27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://restorationarlington.org/2010/04/considering-the-resurrection-as-an-end-to-oppression/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952736 | 290 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Data from: Adaptive acceleration in growth and development of salamander hatchlings in cannibalistic situations
Kishida, Osamu et al. (2015), Data from: Adaptive acceleration in growth and development of salamander hatchlings in cannibalistic situations, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g8hm9
In most animal species, the hatchling stage is a highly vulnerable life history stage. In many fish and amphibian species, hatchling abundance varies substantially among sites and years, with the result that selection strength in conspecific interactions such as cannibalism is also variable. The variability of selection leads species to evolve phenotypic plasticity, and adaptive trait changes in hatchlings that depend on the density of conspecifics can therefore be expected. However, plasticity strategies in response to cannibalistic interactions in this vulnerable life history stage have received little attention. Because cannibalism success is dependent on the size balance between predator capturing organ and prey body, and also on the prey-capturing ability of the cannibal and the escape ability of its prey, we hypothesize that hatchlings will exhibit faster growth and development in response to conspecific interactions. We performed a series of experiments to test this hypothesis, using pre-feeding larvae of a cannibalistic salamander (Hynobius retardatus). Many traits of the hatchlings reared with conspecifics were larger than the same traits in those reared alone, because the former hatchlings grew faster and were more advanced developmentally. The time to the beginning of feeding was shorter, and swimming speed as an indicator of escape performance was faster, for hatchlings reared with conspecifics. Hatchlings reared with conspecifics more successfully cannibalized small hatchlings and were also highly resistant to being cannibalized by large conspecifics, compared with hatchlings reared alone. These differences in cannibalism success and avoidance of cannibalization were well explained by differences in gape and head size, respectively, between the interacting hatchlings. Therefore, acceleration of growth and development of hatchlings in the proximate presence of conspecifics may confer significant fitness advantages on hatchlings in a high-density cannibalistic situation. Developmental and growth plasticity may thus be a powerful adaptive mechanism that allows individuals to respond to the dynamic character of salamander populations in nature. | <urn:uuid:68fde2a2-4cf2-4a37-ad67-b12583c82691> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://datadryad.org:443/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.g8hm9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.940097 | 497 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Did you recently obtain a horse, goat or other animal that relies on hay for its winter nutrition? If so, it is vital that you take the necessary steps to ensure that the animals food is stored properly. According to adocumentpublished by Mississippi State Universitys Extension Service, failure to store hay properly can result in a 15% loss on ones investment. Thats not even taking into account what damage poor quality hay bales can do to the health and well-being of a persons livestock.
To ensure that your winter hay supply remains safe and nutritionally sound, wed recommend investing inhay covers, pallets and rock pads. The pallets and rock pads will help to keep the hay bales from making contact with the ground. It is important to eliminate ground contact because it can cause the hay to become infested with insects, microorganisms, mildew and other non-desirable elements.
Typically, the rock pads are made with nothing more than truck loads of loose aggregate. The load is spread out to create thick layers. The layers are designed to aid with drainage and moisture control. The pallets are then placed on top of the rock pads to protect the hay bales even further.
Once the hay bales are placed onto the pallets, they should be protected with the hay covers. Ideally thehay coversshould be a minimum of 4 inches longer than the stack itself. They should also be positioned in a way that allows the water to run off of the stack and not pool in spots. After all, pooling water often leads to insect activity, moisture damage and diminished nutrition content. Experts also suggest that its best to place winter hay bales is in an area that receives full sun and ample wind. Doing so should help to keep the hay bales dry as well.
To learn more about protecting your livestocks winter food supply with hay covers and tarps, pleasecontact usat (877) 811-3911. We would also love to answer your hay cover related questions onFacebook. | <urn:uuid:b16b7596-7ee6-49a0-9016-defb47dbe193> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://canopiesandtarps.com/reduce-livestock-winter-food-supply-losses-with-hay-covers-blog.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.940323 | 410 | 2.78125 | 3 |
He was born in 1905 in Przemyśl, died in 1990 in Wołomin. Painter, graphic designer and interior architect, and poster designer. In 1933 he graduated from the Krakow Academy of Fine Arts. Before the war he exhibited in Kraków, Warsaw and Poznań. In 1945 he became the president of the ZPAP branch in Gliwice. He participated in the National Art Exhibition in Warsaw (1953), the Painting Exhibition at the National Museum in Warsaw (1961/62), the Painting Exhibition at Zachęta (1965) and the International Drawing Triennial in Wrocław (1968). He had individual exhibitions in Bytom, Gliwice, Katowice and Szczecin. He painted compositions close to abstraction, in which colorful spots surrounded by a strong contour create objects in still lifes or buildings in urban landscapes. The artist's works are in the National Museums in Kraków and Wrocław. | <urn:uuid:d2b7a8dc-4fc9-42a0-9b08-f172ecf6a127> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://galeriaag.art.pl/en/109-hayder-fryderyk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957151 | 206 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Being alone sounds scary right? You might not want to sit down and think about all the things you’ve been running away from by surrounding yourself with other people. In an effort to place yourself in an environment full of love and care it can be easy for toxic people and habits to slip through the cracks. Even if friends don’t always start off toxic, they could be unknowingly feeding an unhealthy habit. Learning to be alone can be a challenge but it’s way better than receiving fake attention on a daily basis.
Relationships Can Be Overhyped
Sometimes many people can get lost in the concept of having a relationship. They have been primed to believe that you must have a lot of friends and/or a romantic partner to really feel whole. Psychologist Daniel Marston, Ph.D., says there is an unrealistic expectation that because we are categorized as a social species that we must place an intense emphasis on forming relationships. While conducting some research, Dr. Marston and another colleague found that having deep intimate friendships is not vital to your social survival. They concluded that people do need to interact with each other but going beyond a basic level of connection is not necessary.
Sometimes Being Alone Is Good
Alone time can be vital to your personal development. When you’re alone you get to focus on the things that are important to you. You get time to reflect and become one with yourself, which you can sometimes see in people who are seen as “too quiet” or “friendless”. “When people cannot make friends, they often think very negatively about themselves, even if they have reason to be very positive about other aspects of their lives,” Dr. Marston says. However, Marston says that there’s a difference between choosing to have fewer friends and having true difficulty making and keeping friends.
Toxic People Only Care About Themselves
Toxic relationships just aren’t worth catering to because there probably won’t be equal energy given. According to Clinical Therapist Ann Smith, toxic people don’t support you, constantly disappoint you, take while you give, and can ultimately end up bringing out the worst in you. They enter and maintain relationships on a level that they see fit—without considering your feelings. With these types of relationships, you can usually tell when your needs are not being met. In this case, you might end up feeling as if you’re better off on your own anyway. | <urn:uuid:7b68147d-70d4-4b85-be7d-da82277c99d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.womenworking.com/why-its-better-to-be-lonely-than-have-toxic-relationships/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963701 | 514 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The Real Adventure.
Khardung La or Khardung Pass ('La' means 'Pass' in Tibet) boasts of being the world's highest motorable road at 5,602 m or 18,380 ft. Khardung is a well known point on the way to Nubra Valley from Leh (39 km). This pass works as a gateway to Karakoram or the land of black gravel.
Built in 1976, the pass was opened to motor vehicles in 1988. Earlier, this pass was one of the most important trade routes to central Asia. Today, it is used by the Indian Army to shuttle forth supplies to its border. Armymen travel to the Siachen Glacier through the Khardung Pass. Siachen (6000 m) is the world's highest battlefield that witnessed the war between India and Pakistan. One needs a permit to cross the Khardung pass, which is not difficult to procure. One has to hand his/her passport over to a travel agent by 10 am and he/she would have the permit at 4 pm the same day.
The Khardung Pass, is no doubt, believed to be the highest motorable road in the world, but there are several passes that are higher than Khardung. But their verification is not possible because of lack of information and restricted accessibility. Because of its height, the pass offers wonderful views of the rock mountains in the south and the majestic Karakoram range in the north. Jagdish Chandrakant Chaudhari, an NCC Cadet from Ahmedabad, India is said to be the youngest person to scale the Khardung Pass on the smallest capacity vehicle. He did it in 1994 on a TVS Scooty 59.6 cc.
The pass is easily accessible from Leh by bus. Travelling by a taxi or bike is another adventure at the Khardung Pass. There are two bases on either side of the pass (North Pullu and South Pullu). Vehicles are allowed only in one direction at a time. For example, from 9 am- 1 pm in the Leh ? Khardung La ? Nubra Valley direction, and from 1 pm-5 pm in the Nubra Valley ? Khardung La - Leh Direction or vice versa. | <urn:uuid:ec1d26fe-00ee-454e-b865-a018c366007f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.northindiatraveltours.com/ladakh-tourism/khardung-pass.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.947317 | 470 | 1.671875 | 2 |
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Summary:Hadi, a junk dealer and storyteller of Baghdad’s Bataween neighborhood, scans the scene of a suicide car bombing. Hadi collects more than rubbish: amongst the smoke, dust, and the bloody debris of human bodies, he stoops to pluck the remnants of a nose from the wreckage, wraps it in a canvas sheet, and leaves the scene. Curating the remains of human bodies blasted asunder by suicide bombs, Hadi sutures bloody remnants to form a complete corpse, stowed away in his crumbling flat.
Summary:This is a dramatic and moving story about a concert pianist who, at 45 years of age, suddenly and inexplicably, has ALS, and also equally about his ex-wife Karina, who takes on his care throughout his slow, inevitable, and lethal decline. As many readers know, ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). or “Lou Gherig’s disease,” hardens the motor nerves so that, progressively, there is no more control of muscles throughout the body. Not many readers know, however, the difficult path such patients and their families must pursue. This sensitive and detailed novel takes readers powerfully into the world of ALS, a disease for which there is today no cure.
Summary:Fran, an aging but energetic expert on elder housing, drives around the English countryside visiting facilities and also friends and family. She, herself, is not at all ready to go gentle into the good night so many others are facing. But everywhere she encounters reminders of mortality--her son's fiancee suddenly dies; an old friend is dying a lingering death of cancer; others in her circle of family and friends are facing their own or others' mortality in various ways, including natural disasters like earthquake and flood. The episodic story takes place in England and in the Canary Islands; the large cast of characters are linked by intersecting stories and by their mortality, of which they, and the reader, are recurrently reminded.
Summary:Anyone walking through a theater district over the past several decades and even centuries ago would likely run into a mad king—Lear, Richard III, George III, Scar. As of 2015, there’s a new mad king to be found in theater districts—King Philippe of Spain in Farinelli and the King.
I was touched by the confidence with which you speak to me of your affairs; the cordiality of your offer to redress mine; the tender anxiety for my health—but I should tell you in the strictest confidence you understand…shh…here the body cares very little for the affairs of the mind. (Act 1, Scene 1)
Then…he began. A long note, held; I must think it was beyond a minute. A swooping, soaring sound and the notes were above the tree-tops, bird-like, unimaginable. When the aria finished just now I couldn’t help my tears; I was unable to move; I just stared at the stage, where he had been…I couldn’t believe what I had seen and heard…I felt something had profoundly changed within me. …and then, —I knew…That I must hope somehow to bring Farinelli to Spain with me. (Act 1, Scene 3)The Queen finds a way to bring Farinelli back to Spain, and Farinelli begins to sooth the mad King with his voice from the heavens. The King becomes calmer yet when he moves with the Queen and Farinelli to a house in the forest, where he cuts a hole in the trees so he can hear the “hidden notes” of the spheres above. The King tells Farinelli, “you must sing to me; in the long hours of dark, when my mind is screaming in the silence, then that is when I need you to sing to me.” (Act 2, Scene 5)
And they say it was Farinelli that helped to restore the health of the King of Spain—just by hearing this wonderful singing voice the King rose out of his depression and wanted to live again! It was the only thing the King could bear in the end. The sound of Farinelli’s voice. (Act 2, Scene 5)
Summary:From the late 18th to mid-19th centuries a peculiar trend swept through European fashion. Through couture and cosmetics, this vogue emulated the physical ravages of a much-feared disease, tuberculosis, aestheticizing its symptoms as enviable qualities of physical beauty. Pale skin, stooped posture, white teeth, an emaciated figure, and a white complexion that evinced delicate blue veins were lauded by the era’s posh fashion journals. Carolyn A. Day aptly terms this craze a “tubercular moment,” a cultural phenomenon that elevated the grim realities of physical illness to a plane of desirable beauty. Medical discourses promoting the fragility and refinement of the “sensible” body were inspired by romanticized notions of morbidity, suffering, and illness. These discourses coincided with the the ideologies of Romanticism, a philosophical movement that was popularly understood to be a counter-discourse to the Enlightenment through its emphasis on emotion and imagination. Day cites the English poet, John Keats, whose legacy emphatically contributed to the cult of sensibility, as he embodied a living example of the refined tubercular body endowed with artistic genius but doomed to illness. The male artist was an example of a body too sensitive, too delicate to endure earthly life, but one whose intellect left an indelible imprint on culture.
Summary:In 1869 in the remote northern Scottish village of Culduie, teenager Roderick (Roddy) Macrae brutally murders his neighbor, Lachlan “Broad’ Mackenzie, and two others. He readily admits to his crime, motivated, he says, by a desire to end the dreadful vendetta that Broad waged against his widowed father. The sympathetic defence lawyer, Andrew Simpson, urges him to write an account of the events leading up to the tragedy.
Summary:Two weeks before his death in 2015, Sacks oversaw this collection of essays and charged Kate Edgar, Daniel Frank, and Bill Hayes to arrange its publication. The essays touch on various fields—evolution, botany, chemistry, medicine, neuroscience, and the arts, and focus on major figures such as Darwin, Freud, and William James. The major theme—as indicated by the volume’s title—is how minds (of humans, chimps, even jellyfish) interpret and remember what the senses perceive in normal and in limited states. While we read in the Foreword that “a number” of the pieces originally appeared in The New York Review of Books, there are no citations for dates and places.
Summary:Melvin Dixon’s poem, “Heartbeats,” portrays the steady atrophy of someone suffering a fatal disease. The anonymous narrator first appears as healthy and vigorous:
“Work out. Ten Laps.
Chin ups. Look good.
Sweetheart. Safe sex.”
Reds thin. Whites low.”
Brother, I come o'er many seas and landsTo the sad rite which pious love ordains,To pay thee the last gift that death demands ;And oft, though vain, invoke thy mute remains :Since death has ravish'd half myself in thee,Oh wretched brother, sadly torn from me !And now ere fate our souls shall re-unite,To give me back all it hath snatch'd away,Receive the gifts, our fathers' ancient riteTo shades departed still was wont to pay ;Gifts wet with tears of heartfelt grief that tell,And ever, brother, bless thee, and farewell!
Summary:An extended essay on the experience of child immigrants woven around the forty questions that author Valeria Luiselli asks in her work as a translator for children seeking entry into the United States. | <urn:uuid:826f20d9-2d28-4e3e-9003-06d4f5ca6834> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medhum.med.nyu.edu/public/page?offset=220&max=10&subcategory= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957109 | 1,697 | 1.8125 | 2 |
A Contemporary, Philosophical Reading of the Sacrifice of Isaac
PASSION AND VIOLENCE: A CONTEMPORARY, PHILOSOPHICAL READING OF THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC
Part of our summer learning series: Stories and Storytelling
Monday, July 18, 2022, 1:00-2:30 p.m. ET
The Sacrifice of Isaac is a paradigmatic episode in Jewish philosophy, ethics, and interpretation. But new ideas in modern and postmodern philosophy call us to re-read this narrative, and change the ways we have often read the story. We will re-tell this story according to an “old-new” method, amalgamating historical and emblematic ways of viewing the story, but also bringing new ideas to the fore, especially around the ideas of passion and holiness in Jewish thought. Dr. Kaye will propose important suggestions for reading the Sacrifice of Isaac in our contemporary world.
With Dr. Miriam Feldmann Kaye, Visiting Assistant Professor
Please register for the Stories and Storytelling series in order to receive the Zoom link for this series. Once you register for the Stories and Storytelling series, your registration admits you to all sessions in this series, and you may attend as many sessions as you’d like.
ABOUT DR. MIRIAM FELDMANN KAYE
Dr. Miriam Feldmann Kaye is visiting assistant professor at JTS and lecturer in Jewish philosophy at Bar Ilan University.
Dr. Feldmann Kaye’s field of research is modern and contemporary Jewish philosophy, continental theology, philosophy of religion, and the study of religion (specifically the schools of thought of existentialism, deconstructionism and hermeneutics). Dr. Feldmann Kaye is a recipient of the University of Cambridge Theological Studies Prize and holds a BA from Cambridge University, Faculty of Divinity. She gained her MA from the University of London and her PhD in Jewish Thought from the University of Haifa. She completed a Lady Davis Post-Doctoral Fellowship and a Truman Research Institute Associate Fellowship at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her publications include Anatheism, published in the Journal of Religion and Theology, and her monograph, Jewish Theology for a Postmodern Age, published by Liverpool University Press in association with the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, in 2019.
ABOUT THE SERIES
Stories and Storytelling
Join JTS scholars to explore a selection of stories drawn from ancient, rabbinic, medieval, and modern Jewish literature. We will consider the power of shared stories and how they transmit values, norms, culture, and information, bringing Jews together across time and space. | <urn:uuid:69d29c19-6cd4-469c-b5ff-66ea7c013df1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://morningside-alliance.org/calendar/a-contemporary-philosophical-reading-of-the-sacrifice-of-isaac/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.902425 | 559 | 1.914063 | 2 |
SEO usually is short for “Search Engine Optimiser” or “Search Engine Optimisation”. Search Engine Optimisation is essential to anyone who wants their website to rank well in major search engines like google. SEO is a complex process. Outsourcing your web site to some Search engine optimization specialist or firm can be a good solution in case you are busy and do not desire to spend the money for fees of being blacklisted by search engines like google in case you have completed something “unethical” unintentionally. This article describes some essential criteria to find in SEO companies in Denver.
Tend Not To Make-believe That You Know Everything
Learning Search Engine Optimisation can be easy simply because there are tons of articles in the internet. Lots of people, after looking at several SEO articles state that they are experts and know what is going on. I been aware of tales of customers telling their professional “What you are suggesting is wrong. It needs to be done this way…”. Such declaration can delay your Search engine optimization specialist easily because what is the point of seeking help if you think you already know every thing. Step one in seeking help is not to pretend which you know every thing. SEO is a complicated science and there is much more compared to what it seems to be.
No one Can Ensure No.1 Ranking Inside A Short Time
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Great Niche Research Techniques
Step one within the Search engine optimization procedure is definitely keyword research. The specialist will advise that you optimise your web site for certain keyword(s) that will attract great visitors. Through the earlier “Train Style” example, even although it is achievable to get say no. 1 in Google for that search phrase, can it truly issue? How lots of people are looking for that term? This is the first and a lot essential part of the whole Search engine optimization process. A great Search engine optimization will do a thorough analysis of the keywords and phrases to optimise to your website.
In case you have decided to utilize the service of certain SEO Specialist, ask around in discussion boards or look for evaluations from the professional or firm. Lots of people who experienced knowledge about the professional can inform you if he is good and if the costs are affordable. Usually do not believe in recommendations unless of course it really is from somebody that you can confirm. Recommendations are everywhere and anybody can phony them easily.
The Search Engine Optimiser’s Main page
Visit the main page of your own specialist and check its Search engines Page Rank. You can achieve this effortlessly by installing the Google Toolbar. Many people reason that the main page from the SEO specialist is not important having said that i elect to vary. I reckon that the Google PR for your main page of a good Search engine optimization should be 6 and previously mentioned. When the Homepage Search engines PR of the professional is 1 or 2, you will want to reconsider utilizing his service. Google PR is not every thing but it is a great gauge of the capabilities of the Search Engine Sepcialist.
Search Engine Optimisation methods are easily available online. Performing it your self can be enjoyable and interesting. Nevertheless, the downside is that you simply might unintentionally make a move incorrect and pay an enormous penalty. Being xqsjle by Search engines is practically irrecoverable. An excellent Seach Motor Optimiser or firm can save you a lot of headache and time that will help you enjoy good rewards in a long operate. There are numerous different ways to pick a good Search Engine Optimiser other than those. | <urn:uuid:8b7725f1-afa4-46e2-ad2c-dbb92ee41493> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.portaldecasasrurales.com/8256/seo-company-denver-co-want-more-details/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945806 | 925 | 1.710938 | 2 |
You say you are "antispeciesists" - what is speciesism?!
Speciesism means that the species of a being is used as a basis for decisions on how to treat that being. Like racism, speciesism results in the inability to see individuals but rather categories.
Speciesism commonly leads to the belief that humans are superior to other animals and is used as an excuse for exploitation. For example, for a speciesist, "using" an animal is ok, while enslaving humans is not.
We believe that speciesism is a root cause for many of the problems that humanity is facing today. If we can see beyond our own species, we will "automatically" be more empathic.
What are "Lürxx" and why do you have a newt as your band logo?
“Lürxx” is inspired by the German word “Lurch” which means “newt”.
For the band, the amphibious newt is a symbol of our connection to sea and land.
As we declare in one of our songs “We’re the sons of the fish, we’re the Lürxx!”
The painted black newts in the band's original logo have now been replaced by a Californian Newt (Taricha torosa), a species endemic to California, which the band considers the musical home of the original Black Lürxx.
The umlaut "ü" and the "xx" are inspired by Nikki Sixx and Mötley Crüe, one of our favourite bands in 1995 when we formed Black Lürxx.
How long have you guys known each other?
We met at school when we were around 12 or 13 and we started our first band, The Collegemates, when we were 14. Since then we've spent our lives together.
We soon realised that it wouldn't really be feasible to also have a girl- or boyfriend each - we enjoy each other's company far too much. Best friends, band brothers, partners - we are the total package! | <urn:uuid:467b6fc4-f7cb-4391-b424-fc2428f38cea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.the-lurxx.com/faq | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953804 | 435 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Undergraduate Political Science
2021 Fall Term
- This course listing is informational and does not guarantee availability for registration.
- Please click through to view the class schedule to see sections offered for your selected term.
- Sections may be full or not open for registration. Please use WINS if you wish to register for a course.
INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE
Introduction to Political Science introduces students to the specialties within political science, outlines the academic emphases within the major and associated requirements, and explores public and private sector opportunities in the field of political science.
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
An introductory course covering the history, structure and functioning of American national government and its relation to state and local government.
AMERICAN MINORITY POLITICS
The central concern of this course is to provide the student an awareness of the political development of racial and ethnic minorities in today's political arena. It will compare and contrast the development of the white ethnic communities of the 19th and 20th centuries with our modern day racial and ethnic minorities.
INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
A course to introduce students to the concepts and problems of public policy and administration. Emphasis will be given to the role played by individuals and groups in large organizations; theories of organization will be set forth and operations of governmental administrative agencies in the political world will be examined.
LAW AND SOCIETY
The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the development of law and legal practices from a political science perspective. Special emphasis will be paid to the political factors in our society that shape law. The manner in which law affects the politics of our society will also be stressed.
INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY
An introduction to Western political thought, the role of ideology in politics, and perennial questions in political philosophy.
POLITICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH METHODS
An introduction to basic research methods in political science. Topics will include various data collection and analysis techniques on the U.S. Presidency, the U.S. Congress, the U.S. Supreme Court, political socialization, political parties, interest groups, civil violence, rebellion, and revolution. Students will obtain "hands-on" experience with computer software designed specifically for political science and the social sciences. This is not a statistics course, and no previous knowledge of statistical methods is assumed.
WRITING IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
This course will allow students to improve their analytical and writing skills through various writing assignments involving different formats. Some of the assignments will involve multiple drafts, based on peer and instructor feedback.
THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY
Analysis and discussion of the various roles of the President regarding his constitutional status and powers, nomination and election, administrative responsibilities, legislative and political leadership, and his role in the conduct of foreign relations.
PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS AND ADVOCACY
A systematic introduction to the study of public policy through an analytical problem-solving approach and the use of that evidence-based approach to advocate for policy change. The course will also examine and explore public problems and policy issues.
POLITICS OF DEVELOPMENT
This course focuses on the comparative analysis and contending interpretations of development in the developing countries. The analysis also includes the influence of the international economic system as exercised through direct foreign investment and commercial lending institutions.
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
A study of modern American state and local governments, their evolution from colonial beginnings, their problems and their potential. Topics include constitutional revision, the role of governors, legislatures and courts, forms of urban and rural government, and state-local relations.
A study of international law, its sources, development and content. Selected readings on theory, and form decisions and opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice.
An introductory survey of political relations among nation-states, including the topics of war and peace, nationalism, elements of national power, conventional and nuclear weaponry, diplomacy, economic interdependence, the Third World, and international and regional organizations.
COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT - EUROPE
Comparative analysis of politics in contemporary Europe. Topics covered include the political institutions and political cultures of major states in Europe, nationalism and regionalism in Europe, and the institutions of the European Union.
A study of judicial review, its meaning and nature. The development of constitutional relationships between the national government and the states as well as among the branches of the national government is considered.
THE CONSTITUTION AND CIVIL RIGHTS
This course focuses on the development of constitutional law in the area of equal rights protections offered by the Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights protections guaranteed by the national government.
AMERICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT
A study of the fundamental political ideas of America and the political philosophers who espoused them from colonial times to the present.
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS OF ASIA
A comparative study of the political structures, institutions, and processes of the nations of Asia.
SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY
Provides students with the analysis and critical understanding of the policy issues surrounding historical and current social welfare programs, of new social welfare issues and of policy decisions that lead to changes in programming. Community organization, as an intervention approach, will be explored.
INTERNSHIP IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Study and work with a government unit or in some area of public affairs under the direction of a faculty supervisor. Students will have the opportunity to combine academic learning with practical experience in government and politics. Repeatable for a maximum of 12 credits in major/degree.
Study of a selected topic or topics under the direction of a faculty member. Repeatable for a maximum of 4 credits in major/degree. Department Consent required. | <urn:uuid:cfec9efb-f0de-4304-8270-40ab714fe1c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://courses.uww.edu/2217/Undergraduate/POLISCI | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.910648 | 1,339 | 2.28125 | 2 |
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Thermal Design of the Lunar Exploring Spacecraft
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Published July 01, 1997 by SAE International in United States
Annotation ability available
The thermal design of the LUNAR-A spacecraft, investigating the internal structure of the moon, is a challenge due to the widely varying thermal environments. A passive thermal control philosophy of radiators, multilayer insulation (MLI) and heaters was used for the LUNAR-A thermal design. Verification of the design was performed separately for the major spacecraft modules which consisted of a main structure, a propulsion subsystem and penetrators. As consequence, acceptable thermal performance can be expected for all phases of the mission. This paper describes the thermal design, analysis, thermal model testing and in-orbit temperature predictions.
CitationOhnishi, A., Kobayashi, Y., Matsufuji, Y., Miyazaki, S. et al., "Thermal Design of the Lunar Exploring Spacecraft," SAE Technical Paper 972469, 1997, https://doi.org/10.4271/972469.
- “NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria (Environment) Lunar Surface Models” May 1969
- Smith Robert E, West George S. “Space And Planetary Environment Criteria Guidelines for Use in Space Vehicle Development, 1982 Revision (Volume 1)” NASA Technical Memorandum 82478 1983
- Yamakawa Hiroshi Kawaguchi Junichiro Nakajima Takashi Terada Hiroshi Ogasawara Masahiro Matsuoka Masatoshi “LUNAR-A Trajectory Description” ISTS '94-Yokohama May 1994 | <urn:uuid:d66e975e-911e-43a0-8397-adcebc4bbd84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/972469/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.752528 | 412 | 2.78125 | 3 |
« AnteriorContinuar »
Oh, good Lord, pardon my' wicked soul! Lord, Lord, forgive me, and I will confess all !" The man's limbs shook, and his lips worked to and fro violently, evidencing the presence of terrible emotion. He then gasped and faltered, at intervals, somewhat to the following effect : “ Doctor, I have lived in guilt almost from a child wo to me that I was ever born! I have been a robber, and a smuggler, and even - even”_his retracted lips disclosed his white teeth in a frightful manner-Wa-murderer! Ay—I have! But there is nothing weighs down my soul so heavily in these my last moments, so heavily as one wickedness I have done to an innocent, unoffending man—for, black and cruel as it will it
may be yet in my power to make amends. I shall break my oath—" Here a convulsive twitching seized his whole frame, and Dr. Ebury, under the apprehension that the man was dying, called for assistance. It was nearly a quarter of an hour before the power of speech returned. “ Sir, will God curse me if I break an oath I ought never to have made ?” Dr. Ebury solemnly replied, “No; especially if breaking it will tend to repair the evil you have done !" The man seemed encouraged.
“ It is more than eight years ago now, sir-close going for nine—that a man of the name of Isaacs and I, both being smugglers at the time, were hired to help in kidnapping a man of the name of Fowler_" ler! Fowler !” exclaimed Dr. Ebury, bending down breathlessly to catch every word, uttered more faintly every moment by the dying man.
“ Yes, sir--Fowler was his name, William Fowler -send him off to America, and Isaacs with him; and cruelly did we use the poor harmless fellow !”
“And why was it all ?” “ Because, sir, our employers told us he stood in the way of their rights !"
“What were their names ?" inquired Dr. Ebury, bending down his ear to the very lips of the dying man, to catch every breath of sound.
“ Sir William Gwynne, and-and Squire Ox-Ox-leigh-"
Dr. Ebury turned suddenly pale, and almost over. threw the chair on which he had been sitting.
“Go on-go on! God give you strength to tell all you wish, and truly !" " Amen! amen! amen !” replied the dying man, closing his eyes. His breath was evidently beginning to fail.
“Speak, before it is too late--relieve your soul" “ Mr. Ox--Ox--leigh--paid me--had, in all, hundreds of pounds--Fowler--now in America-hope--alive-New-York--Isaacs--order to kill-oh-save-save --pray!” The wretched man's voice ceased, and gave place to a horrid choking, gurgling sound-his hands quivered a moment with final agonies--there was a sudden start--his jaw dropped--his eyes
looked upward with a fixed leaden stare-and Dr. Ebury sat gazing on as fearful a corpse as he had ever witnessed.
He was so stunned with what he had heard, that he did not think of moving for some minutes from his seat beside the dead man. “Sir William Gwynne! Mr. Oxleigh !” he repeated, scarcely believing he had heard the words aright. He left the workhouse with such agitation in his countenance and trepidation in his gestures, as sufficiently alarmed the master and others whom he encountered, and who knew the dreary errand on which he had been summoned. He returned not to Mr. Oxleigh's party, but hurried to his own house, betook himself to his study, and instantly committed to paper what he had heard, determined, whatever might happen, to preserve such a faithful record as he could
About an hour after Dr. Ebury had left the workhouse, Mr. Oxleigh made his appearance there, having suddenly dismissed his visiters on the plea of illness.
“Is the man dead, sir ?” he inquired, falteringly, from the master. “ What--the man Dr. Ebury came to see, an hour or so since ?" “The same--ay, the same,” replied Oxleigh, hastily. “ Yes, sir. He died while Dr. Ebury was with him ; and he has--" “Give me a light, sir, and let me be shown into the
room alone. It is of consequence,” said Oxleigh, sternly; and presently, with a candle in his hand, he entered the room where the corpse, yet untouched, was lying. He shut the door, and bolted it; approached the corpse, and let the light of the candle fall upon the ghastly features. His own countenance was blanched in a moment. “So-it is you! Dam-ned ruffian!" he gasped, in a low choked tone, his body half recoiling from that of the dead man; his eyes gleaming with a diabolical stare upon those of the corpse ; his left hand elevating his candle, and his right, with the fist convulsively clenched, extended, for nearly a minute, in quivering contact with the face of the deceased. He struck the cold corpse-and then, overcome with horror, sank down into a chair ; his candle droppedwas extinguished--and then the dead and living ruffians were left together in darkness.
In a state of distraction bordering on phrensy,Oxleigh made his way from the workhouse, amazing the people he passed by the wildness and agitation apparent in his countenance. He hurried on horseback to Gwynne Hall, and asked hastily for Sir William Gwynne. He was informed that the baronet, feeling worse that evening, had been some hours in bed. “Never mind, sir," said Oxleigh to the thunderstruck valet; “ show me into Sir William's chamber instantly. Tell him my name, and that my business is of mortal consequence !" The valet returned shortly, and conducted Mr. Oxleigh at once to the bedside of his master.
“ Well, sir-well," commenced the baronet, in a low and hurried tone. “ What is the matter? For God's sake, sir, what has happened ?" he inquired, in still greater agitation, seeing Oxleigh stand speechless, and the image of despair.
“Sir William, it is all over with us ; we are discovERED !" at length replied Oxleigh, in a gasping whisper, laying his shaking hand on the baronet's shoulder. Sir William sprung up in bed, as if he had received an electric shock, tossed of the bedclothes, and lay curved
up and crouching in the midst of them, with his hands clutching the hair of his head, and his countenance full of frightful expression. It did little more than reflect the horror-stricken features of Oxleigh. There was a guilty pair! The baronet, without having uttered a syllable, slowly sank again into bed, and lay there, absolutely gasping. Neither of them spoke. At length Oxleigh recovered himself sufficiently to say, William, Sir William, this is very truth ; but we must not shrink in the hour of danger. We must meet it like men.
We must, Sir William,” he continued, eying the dumbstruck, stupified baronet, who scarce seemed to hear him, but mumbled to himself. At length, Oxleigh distinguished the words, “Is it death, or transportation ?" “ You are rambling, Sir William ! What are you talking about? It is weak to behave thus, in such an awful crisis. Remember how you have implicated me, Sir William !"
The baronet was roused by these last words from his lethargy. He turned his head suddenly towards Oxleigh, looked at him a few seconds, and then suddenly leaped towards him, grasped him by the collar, and shook him with frantic fury, exclaiming, “ You fiend ! you fiend !-to talk thus to me!" He had hardly uttered the words, however, before his hold relaxed, and he dropped into bed again in a swoon. Oxleigh rang the bell; and when the valet made his appearance, he informed him he was going to bring the physician, and suddenly left the hall. He hurried through the lonely park on foot; and when he had reached the thickest clump of trees, he paused, leaned against the glistening trunk of an old ash, and, with folded arms and bent brows, pondered his fearful fortunes.
" What is to be done! Dr. Ebury has taken down his confession, and has not returned, as he promised, to my house!
Then he knows all! Messengers will be sent off to America, Sir William and I shall be arrested, we shall be confronted with Fowler in a court of justice--or--I must away betimes ! And yet sup
pose, after all, the man died before he could make corifession! Suppose he was unable to speak distinctly! Suppose he has not told names--has not mentioned me -and all is yet safe! There is a straw to cling to ! But suppose he has! My neck aches! I must away! I must leave all behind Yes-Sir William Gwynne! Well—what if I do leave him? Would he risk his life for me? Then why I for him? I entered into all this to serve my ends, not his! I must away—be off to America! This night-ay, this very night—and alone! If I had but known where the cursed caitiff that has betrayed me was to have been found, I would have silenced him!” Oxleigh clutched his hands involuntary, as though they were grasping the dead man's throat. - This is why he has been absconding the last six months from Sir William and me the pitiful villain—the cowardly, treacherous devil!"
He sprang from where he had been standing, made for where he had fastened his horse, galloped at his utmost speed over the highway, and was soon at home. After a night of terrible agitation, he determined to take the earliest opportunity of calling at the vicarge, and seeing Dr. Ebury, where he could but learn the worst. By ten o'clock he was knocking at the vicars; but to his consternation, he found that Dr. Ebury had set off an hour before in a carriage and four for London, in company with Mr. Parkhurst, a solicitor in the neighbourhood. There was no mistaking that move, thought Oxleigh! He returned home, and hastily wrote to Sir William Gwynne
“Fate thrusts me from England. When you read this I shall be on my way to foreign parts. I can do no good in England for myself or for you. I leave you bound to the stake by your own weakness. Accursed, damned be the hour I ever saw you, or discovered the means of my ruin.
He altered his intentions suddenly, however, after | <urn:uuid:2d1c2049-4e4f-4c9b-88b0-636a2ee43f88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=HOInAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA194&focus=viewport&vq=%22and+fallows+gray,+Where+the+nibbling+flocks+do+stray+%3B+Mountains,+on+whose+barren+breast+The+labouring+clouds+do+often%22&dq=editions:ISBN1355065593&lr=&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.98247 | 2,456 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The central figure on the Southern Hemisphere Wheel of the Year Calendar is the High Priestess, raising her hand to show her pentacle ring. The High Priestess represents the hidden knowledge of the inner workings of the universe. Her ring, a five-pointed star or pentagram enclosed within a circle, represents the cycle of life.
In ancient Celtic culture, time was circular, not linear and segmented. Time was a fluid element and as much a part of the natural world as the forests and the mountains, the rivers and the seas.
The equinoxes and solstices make up four celebrations - Mabon, Yule, Ostara and Litha. These are known as ‘quarter days’ and are solar festivals as their timing is based on the transition of the Sun.
The other four dates denote when the seasons in traditional British and Irish culture began – the first days of February, May, August and November or their eves. Lughnasadh, Samhain, Imbolc and Beltane are referred to as ‘cross quarter days’ as they are approximately midway between each of the equinoxes and solstices.
The quarter days are loosely based on or named after the Germanic pagan festivals and the cross-quarter days are similarly inspired by the Gaelic fire festivals. It is understood that no pre-Christian people celebrated all eight festivals. Instead, these yearly festivals, or sabbats, became the modern-day Wheel of the Year through the popularity of contemporary Pagan and Wiccan religious movements in the early 1950s.
Combined, these seasonal subdivisions make up eight spokes of a wheel. 2022 astrological festival dates for Australia AEST and AEDT are shown on the Southern Hemisphere Wheel of the Year Calendar. Time zone adjustments for other areas of Australia are listed on the product information page.
More information about each of the festivals, including simple ways to celebrate are outlined in the Southern Hemisphere Wheel of the Year Companion Guide.
The High Priestess
Original artwork by Lisa Mitchell
15° of Aquarius - 4 February 2022
Traditional date 1 February
0° of Aries - 21 March 2022 (WA 20 March)
15° of Taurus - 5 May 2022
Traditional date 30 April
0° of Cancer - 21 June 2022
15° of Leo - 7 August 2022
Traditional date 1 August
0° of Libra - 23 September 2022
15° of Scorpio - 7 November 2022
Traditional date 31 October
0° of Capricorn - 22 December 2022 | <urn:uuid:b98818b5-5cc1-4723-8e05-757099c0fc51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://southernwheel.com.au/the-annual-festivals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946958 | 552 | 2.9375 | 3 |
(CALMATTERS) – School reopenings will likely take center stage in 2021 as one of California’s biggest political battles.
It’s a battle all the more noteworthy because it pits two groups that are often allies — unions and Democratic lawmakers — against each other. This week, the state’s two largest teachers unions — the California Teachers Association and the California Federation of Teachers — publicly opposed a bill introduced by eight Democratic lawmakers that could force schools to reopen in March. The unions’ decision to come out against the bill in December, several weeks before legislators return to Sacramento, was unusual — and an indication of their intent to halt it in its tracks.
CFT President Jeff Freitas: We “ask that science and community safety, not political pressure, be the guiding force in any discussion about reopening our schools to in-person instruction.”
Patrick O’Donnell, a bill co-author and Long Beach Democrat: “We don’t want to get to a point where schools have sat on their hands for 12 months.”
It’s also a thorny political situation for Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is under increasing pressure to get students back into the classroom as he faces a make-or-break point in his career and fends off a growing recall movement. Newsom is apparently amenable to working with lawmakers on the bill, though he risks alienating two powerful unions that spent nearly $1.5 million to help elect him in 2018.
Next year will also be pivotal in determining the direction of the state’s pandemic response. Several recent rulings have called into question the legality of Newsom’s shelter-in-place restrictions, raising the possibility that limitations on outdoor dining and other businesses may not survive. But some labor groups are calling for even stricter shutdowns, pointing to a sustained surge in hospitalizations that has overwhelmed ICUs and resulted in a record number of deaths for four straight days. | <urn:uuid:22533e29-360b-43aa-bb0f-37b1b1497214> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sacobserver.com/2020/12/school-reopening-battle-intensifies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.964184 | 409 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Our specialists have necessary skills to conduct engineering surveys in the hardest climates. As a result of our dedication and passionate work, the customer receives complete information which will greatly facilitate choosing the right constructions and foundations and by doing so will make it possible to save costs both at the construction and performance stages.
We offer a complete range of engineering research and mapping works:
- geodetic surveys
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- survey of soils under buildings and constructions
- remote sensing of the Earth for geodetic and cartographic purposes
- creation and maintenance of federal and regional geographic information systems
- design, development and publication of general geographic, political-administrative, scientific and other types of maps and atlases of interdisciplinary nature, training cartographic manuals
- Statistic testing of soils with natural piles
- Performing engineering surveys and examinations of supports and portals as part of “Development of project documentation for reconstruction of 4-5T, 8-9T, 10T overhead power lines at Volga hydroelectric station”. | <urn:uuid:d3d105bb-4d67-4ffe-8937-49ccbadc149c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://el-ts.com/services/engineering-studies-and-mapping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.885501 | 237 | 1.796875 | 2 |
read ( words)
According to the most recent statistics by Quitline, more than 13% of Australians over the age of 18 are regular smokers.
While this number has almost halved in the last 30 years,it’s still a sizable figure,and is known to cause close to 15,000 deaths per year.
Cost to Australia
Smokers are putting a serious dent in the Australian economy. The effects of smoking are estimated to cost our healthcare system a staggering $320 million every year, but it doesn’t end there.
Smokers are also believed to be costing Australian taxpayers about $150 million a year in bush-fire control and prevention.
Cost to the consumer
In the current market, a 20-cigarette per day habit can set you back a whopping $8,000 per annum. Yep, you read that right. $8,000 every year, and prices continue to climb.
To put that sum of money into perspective, for a person who began smoking at the age of 16 and quit at retirement age, the cost of smoking can add up to almost $400,000.
It’s hard to fathom what having $400,000 worth of spare cash lying around would be like – something as simple as storing it safe in your superannuation fund would generate an additional $25,000 in retirement income.
Can you imagine what you could do with that? Spend it wisely, and that extra cash can have a pretty big impact.
Stuff you can do with $8,000
Say you’ve just taken the plunge and bought your first home. With a $500,000 mortgage at 5% interest to be paid off over 25 years, having an extra $8,000 to throw in can have your home paid off eight years sooner, and save you more than $100,000 in interest repayments.
After something a bit more adventurous? $8,000 will buy you a round the world plane ticket (in business class, no less). How about a luxury African safari, or a once in a lifetime trip to the Maldives?
Our top tips on how you can stop (or cut down) buying smokes
- Making a firm decision to quit or cut down is the first step to succeeding, and choosing to spend time with friends who don’t smoke over friends who do can give you a great leg-up. While it might not always be possible to keep away from smokers completely, making efforts to avoid situations in which you would regularly smoke (where possible) can really help curb cravings.
- If and when you do buy smokes, make a conscious effort to pay with cash rather than credit. The physical act of handing over your hard earned cash makes the purchase far more tangible, and easier for you to see where your money is really going.
- Instead of purchasing cartons, buy one pack at a time. Although this may seem like the slightly more expensive option, you’re actually likely to smoke less, as having a large supply on hand might encourage you to smoke more.
- Leave your smokes at home, and if you’re out with friends, bum a ciggie off a mate. You’re bound to smoke a whole lot less, because let’s face it, no one wants to be ‘that friend’ always asking for a smoke!
- Our last tip is one of the most tried and tested ways to start saving. Put the money you would usually spend on smokes into a clearly visible container and watch it grow – no matter how small you start, your progress will continue to inspire you and help make sure you stay motivated. | <urn:uuid:3f44700b-2e54-432e-864a-f1e6820ff99d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://risingtidefinancial.com.au/news/the-financial-cost-of-smoking-is-killing-australians/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95952 | 756 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Watch Eve Torres’ self defense tips. According to the FBI, a violent crime occurs every 26 seconds in the US. Take our survival skills quiz and arm yourself with the tools to prevent you or your loved ones from being another statistic. You’ll feel smarter, safer and stronger for it.
Click here to take the quiz and see how you measure up! | <urn:uuid:c4e8eb06-0bec-4bf8-99f4-61fc7483fedd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inspireadifference.com/5-tips-save-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930731 | 75 | 1.546875 | 2 |
An innovative new online food programme, from the Local Enterprise Offices, which is open to entrepreneurs across Kildare is set to boost the number of Irish food start-ups. The Digital School of Food is the first of its kind in Europe and gives food entrepreneurs expert advice and guidance, from their home, office or kitchen.
The new Digital School of Food was piloted in the Dublin region in conjunction with Enterprise Ireland and
Bord Bia. Following the successful pilot, it is now available to those with an idea for a food business in
Kildare run by the Local Enterprise Offices.
The online programme is an e-learning initiative that brings producers from idea right through to start-up and grow stages.
The programme will give food entrepreneurs an education in planning a product journey and route to market, through thinking about finance and how to grow sales, right up to expanding the business.
It includes support from experts in the field as each course has a real producer who contributes tips and advice throughout. The programme includes contributions from trade buyers in Supervalu, Musgraves and Spar along with the likes of Domini Kemp of ITSA Food Group and food producers who have been through
Entrepreneurs who complete the Digital School of Food are then primed to move on to take part in Food
Starter programme offered by the Local Enterprise Offices and subsequently Food Academy, which gives
producers the opportunity to get their product on retail shelves.
Heather Humphreys, T.D., Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation, commenting on the new
programme, said: “We have a proud heritage of producing world-class food in Ireland. Now, more than
ever, it is vital that we support our food firms and particularly budding entrepreneurs with ambitions to start
a new business. As needs have evolved, these programmes have evolved and the online Digital School of
Food is a testament to that. Aspiring food producers can now begin their journey from their own home.
The Local Enterprise Offices continue to innovate in the way that they are delivering programmes and this
is extremely significant now. They are playing a key role in helping our small businesses in this challenging
economic climate and they will be to the fore as small companies rise up in the coming weeks and
Jacqui McNabb, Head of Enterprise Kildare County Council said: "Irish food is renowned the world over and
we enjoy an enviable reputation for high quality food production. It is important that we continue to cultivate
new food entrepreneurs and start-ups, particularly during these challenging times. The Digital School of
Food is an excellent first step for anyone with an idea to establish a food production business.
It will help them mould that idea to bring it to the next stage. This is particularly significant now, with many potential entrepreneurs at home, they can access this programme from anywhere.
The Digital School of Food is the latest support established for food entrepreneurs in Ireland by the Local
Enterprise Offices, following on from Food Academy and Food Starter. For more information on the Digital
School of Food go to www.DigitalSchoolofFood.ie
Kildare County Council’s Local Enterprise Office Covid-19 Response
Kildare County Council’s Local Enterprise Office have a suite of supports to help small businesses during
the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. These include the Business Continuity Voucher, which gives businesses
sector specific consultancy for their company to plan to deal with and recover from the current market
issues. The Trading Online Voucher helps companies to get their business online and establish a way of
selling their products to a wider network. The scheme has also been expanded to allow companies apply
for a second Trading Online Voucher if they have previously received one. Local Enterprise Offices are
also providing free business planning and mentoring to all small businesses affected by the Covid-19
pandemic. More information on all the supports can be found on localenterprise.ie/kildare
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Keep up with the latest news from Donegal with our daily newsletter featuring the most important stories of the day delivered to your inbox every evening at 5pm. | <urn:uuid:351d23fb-3ac3-40e9-b98e-d575a307755e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kildarenow.com/news/home/539844/new-digital-school-to-help-potential-food-entrepreneurs-in-kildare.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.947768 | 923 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Children and young people across England will be offered up to 100 million hours of free tuition to help them catch up on learning lost during the pandemic.
As part of the next step in the government’s plans to boost education recovery, a total of £1.4 billion is being invested, including £1 billion to support up to 6 million, 15-hour tutoring courses for disadvantaged school children, as well as an expansion of the 16-19 tuition fund, targeting key subjects such as maths and English.
£400 million will help give early years practitioners and 500,000 school teachers across the country training and support, and schools and colleges will be funded to give some year 13 students the option to repeat their final year.
It builds on the £1.7 billion already announced to help children catch up on what they missed during the pandemic, which includes summer schools and mental health support, bringing total investment to over £3 billion.
The government has committed to an ambitious, long-term education recovery plan and the next stage will include a review of time spent in school and college and the impact this could have on helping children and young people to catch up. The findings of the review will be set out later in the year to inform the spending review.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson said:
Young people have sacrificed so much over the last year and as we build back from the pandemic, we must make sure that no child is left behind.
This next step in our long-term catch up plan should give parents confidence that we will do everything we can to support children who have fallen behind and that every child will have the skills and knowledge they need to fulfil their potential.
One course of high-quality tutoring has been proven to boost attainment by three to five months, so tutoring will be vital for young people in recovering the teaching hours lost in the last year.
The government expects the £1 billion investment to transform the availability and approach to tuition in every school and college over the next three years, making sure when teachers identify a disadvantaged child in need of support as a result of the pandemic, extra support is available.
£153 million will provide the opportunity for evidence-based professional development for early years practitioners, including through new programmes focusing on key areas such as speech and language development for the youngest children.
£253 million will expand existing teacher training and development to give 500,000 school teachers the opportunity to access world-leading training appropriate for whatever point they are at in their career, from new teachers to headteachers. This represents a significant overhaul of teacher training in this country, and will ensure children are supported by world-leading teachers.
Schools or colleges will be able to offer students in year 13 the option to repeat the year if they have been particularly badly affected by the pandemic. Schools and colleges will be funded by the Department to help accommodate the additional student numbers.
Education Secretary Gavin Williamson said:
This is the third major package of catch-up funding in twelve months and demonstrates that we are taking a long-term, evidence-based approach to help children of all ages.
I am incredibly proud it recognises the efforts and dedication of our teachers who are at the forefront of children’s recovery – making sure every teacher has the opportunity to access world-leading training, giving them the skills and tools to help every child they work with to fulfil their potential.
The package will not just go a long way to boost children’s learning in the wake of the disruption caused by the pandemic but also help bring back down the attainment gap that we’ve been working to eradicate.
Education Recovery Commissioner Sir Kevan Collins said:
The pandemic has caused a huge disruption to the lives of England’s children.
Supporting every child to get back on track will require a sustained and comprehensive programme of support.
The investments in teaching quality and tutoring announced today offer evidence-based support to a significant number of our children and teachers. But more will be needed to meet the scale of the challenge.
All ages from two to 19 are comprehensively covered by the offers of radically expanded tuition, specialist training for early years and for school teachers at every stage of their career, from new teachers to head teachers, as well as the option for some year 13 students to repeat their final year.
Schools will now be able to provide additional tutoring support using locally employed tutors. This will build on the successful National Tutoring Programme, galvanising tuition providers to deliver the one-to-one and small group tutoring for pupils right across the country, to the highest standards and greatest possible impact.
Randstad will be the new supplier of the NTP from September 2021. They will be supported by Teach First to ensure the programme is successfully set up for effective delivery and continuous improvement in academic year 21/22. | <urn:uuid:cd1fcdf2-0d35-4e25-848f-3fba5ef707f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frontlist.in/huge-expansion-of-tutoring-in-next-step-of-education-recovery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.964683 | 997 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The geosciences are one of the least diverse (Pearson & Schuldt 2014) STEM fields, and these fields show little improvement over the last four decades (Bernard & Cooperdock 2018). Racism and sexism have resulted in major inequities (Subbaraman 2020, Goldberg 2019), and a lack of diversity negatively impacts innovation and limits the social relevance of scientific research (Hill et al. 2010; Hofstra et al. 2020). Yet many of society’s largest challenges fall within geoscience fields and as Mae Jemison said, diversity in STEM isn’t a nicety, it's a necessity (Pittman 2018). The lack of racial, ethnic, and gender diversity within the geosciences cannot be explained away due to a lack of interest; rather social scientists point to feelings of not belonging rooted in both visual cues and stereotype threat (Pearson & Schuldt 2014).
In response, we created PROGRESS, an evidence based mentoring program to increase the retention of undergraduate women in the earth and environmental sciences, with funding from the National Science Foundation (Fischer et al. 2018). PROGRESS conducts workshops connecting undergraduate women with peers and more senior women in the earth and environmental sciences, provides training in growing a network of mentors and resiliency strategies, and facilitates post-workshop connections with a local female geoscience mentor. Evidence from longitudinal surveys indicate that women in PROGRESS are five times more likely to stay in earth and environmental science fields, compared to women in a matched control group. And this beneficial outcome is due to the development of stronger (a) networks of mentors, (b) role models, and (c) science identity (Hernandez et al. 2017, 2018).
Given the success of the first iteration of PROGRESS (Fischer et al. 2018) we wanted to determine the essential pieces to the program’s success to enhance its scalability. We conducted workshops with participants randomized across three versions of the program and found that the combination of inspiration (exposure to female geoscience role models), inoculation (how to overcome obstacles and grow mentoring network), and introduction (pairing with a same gender mentor) were necessary to increase indicators for retention (Hernandez et al. 2020). The combination of all elements promotes the growth of critical psychological processes, such as science identity, skills to cope with barriers to a career in STEM, and ultimately stronger intentions to persist in a scientific career.
Moving forward we will test whether our approach works to make everyone feel welcome within the geosciences. In particular, in the first two iterations of PROGRESS our participants were overwhelmingly white cisgender women, which prevented us from testing whether our program benefits women with intersectional identities. Further our mentoring model relies on individuals who are often already doing more unpaid service than their colleagues (El-Alayi et al. 2018), thus in the future we hope to test the effectiveness of mixed gender mentor pairs. While we are excited about our findings and the unambiguous success of PROGRESS, real progress to diversify the geosciences requires us to also address persistent culture problems that continue to marginalize BIPOC and white women (Dutt 2020, Marin Spiotta et al. 2016, Mattheis et al. 2019). | <urn:uuid:697932df-73e4-477a-aa5b-69ea28be742c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sustainabilitycommunity.springernature.com/posts/inspiration-inoculation-introduction-three-ingredients-to-increased-persistence-in-science | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.897577 | 677 | 2.703125 | 3 |
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Read more about our dental implant services on our website. | <urn:uuid:b5ab47cf-a16e-4b28-9594-f95d86c7b4dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://akdentalarts.com/dentistry-blog/what-are-dental-implants/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.921176 | 148 | 1.625 | 2 |
Today’s web applications are nowhere near as fast and responsive as native desktop applications, but what if they could be? That’s the promise of WebAssembly.
WebAssembly is a low-level, assembly-like language with a compact binary format that runs with near-native performance in web browsers. At the same time, WebAssembly provides a portable compilation target for C/C++, C#, Rust, Go, Kotlin, Swift, and other programming languages.
WebAssembly has led to the development of a range of new technologies, including whole new programming languages, that harness its power. Following are 13 language projects that have made big bets on WebAssembly.
The internal IR (intermediate representation) of Binaryen uses compact data structures and draws on all CPU cores for parallel codegen and optimization. The IR also compiles down to WebAssembly easily because it is essentially a subset of WebAssembly. WebAssembly-specific optimzations improve both code size and speed, making Binaryen useful as a compiler back end by itself.
You can download Binaryen from GitHub.
Instructions for getting started with Blazor can be found at dotnet.microsoft.com.
You can download Cheerp from leaningtech.com.
Like Cheerp, CheerpJ comes from Leaning Technologies. You can download it from leaningtech.com.
[ Also on InfoWorld: What is LLVM? The power behind Swift, Rust, Clang, and more ]
You can download Emscripten from emscripten.org.
Forest is a functional programming language that compiles to WebAssembly. The goal behind Forest is to provide a language that makes it easier to create web apps that are complex, interactive, and functional, but without the traditional overhead of that approach, developer Nick Johnstone said.
Currently described as “pre-alpha, experimental, conceptual research software,” Forest features static typing, pattern matching, immutable data structures, multiple syntaxes, and automatic code formatting. The first syntax in development is inspired by Elm and Haskell.
Design principles of the forest language include ease of collaboration, painless-as-possible testing, and agreement on structure and semantics, while agreeing to disagree on syntax. Johnstone strives to make Forest fast enough for building complex games so that normal web apps will be “blazing fast.”
You can download Forest from GitHub.
The Grain language brings features from academic and functional languages to the 21st century, the project website states. Compiling to WebAssembly via the Binaryen toolchain and compiler infrastructure, Grain can run in the browser, on the server, and potentially anywhere. There are no runtime type errors and no need for type annotations. The Grain toolchain features a CLI, compiler, runtime, and standard library, shipping as a single binary. Developers will need Node.js and Yarn to build Grain from source, and binaries are available for Linux, macOS, and Windows.
You can find instructions for getting started with Grain at grain-lang.org.
JWebAssembly, from I-Net Software, is a Java bytecode to WebAssembly compiler that takes Java class files as input and generates WebAssembly binary format (.wasm file) or text format (.wat file) as output. The target is to run natively in the browser with WebAssembly. In theory, JWebAssembly can compile any language that compiles to Java bytecode such as Clojure, Groovy, JRuby, Kotlin, and Scala, pending testing.
JWebAssembly should be production-ready soon. All of the milestones necessary for the JWebAssembly 1.0 release have been implemented, and a release candidate has been published. The version 1.0 roadmap calls for capabilities such as a Java bytecode parser, a test framework, and a Gradle plug-in.
You can download JWebAssembly from GitHub.
You can find instructions for downloading and using Pyodide at pyodide.org.
Spin, from cloud computing software provider Fermyon Technologies, is a WebAssembly framework for microservices, web apps, and other server-based applications. Developers can use Spin to write WebAssembly for the cloud. Interfaces are provided for writing WebAssembly modules for functions such as answering HTTP requests. With Spin, developers can use languages including Rust, Go, Python, Ruby, AssemblyScript, Grain, C/C++, and others. Spin supports WAGI (WebAssembly Gateway Interface) modules and the Bindle packaging system. Now in an early preview phase, Spin is considered experimental code, with breaking changes expected before the first stable release.
Spin is hosted on GitHub.
You can find instructions for downloading and using TeaVM on GitHub.
An alternative to the Xamarin mobile app platform, Uno Platform is a UI platform for .NET teams to build single-codebase applications for WebAssembly, the web, Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android, using C# and XAML. Uno leverages the Mono-WASM runtime in .NET 5 to run C# code in all of the major web browsers, and serves as a bridge for WinUI and UWP (Universal Windows Platform) apps to run natively on WebAssembly. For building web apps with Uno, developers can use Visual Studio or Visual Studio Code.
Directions on getting started can be found on the Uno Platform website.
From Cosmonic, Wasmcloud is an application runtime that leverages WebAssembly in the development of composable, portable applications that plug into multi-cloud, edge, and browser environments. The technology is billed as offering near-native performance, with security provided via a WebAssembly sandbox and an actor model separating business logic from specific underlying capabilities. Developers can write microservices once in the language of their choice and deploy them everywhere. Current languages supported include Rust, TinyGo, and AssemblyScript. Wasmcloud has been accepted as a Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) Sandbox project.
Installation instructions for wasmCloud can be found at wasmcloud.dev.
Copyright © 2022 IDG Communications, Inc. | <urn:uuid:bb6e31d3-92ed-496f-9259-4c420d59b77f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://saudiinternetcity.com/2022/04/05/13-hot-language-projects-riding-webassembly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.876638 | 2,319 | 2.265625 | 2 |
In this article we’ll discuss the anatomy of a great money transfer. A remittance is a money transfer to Bangladesh or any other country worldwide from a person living in a foreign country to their home country or other countries to fulfil a personal or professional commitment. Individuals relocating to areas outside or inside their original nation drive the inflow of remittances to a region.
Online Money transfers are typically safe and secure, as long as the recipient is someone you know. If you’re utilizing a legal wire transfer provider, each party to the transaction should be forced to confirm their identity, making anonymous transfers impossible.
Various aspects of Online Money Transfers:
Online money transfers allow for personalized payments from one person or entity to another while retaining the efficiencies associated with quick and secure money movement.
Because there are typically no bank holds on the money, the sender may start a wire transfer swiftly, and the receiver can access the funds instantly. Online Money transfers also allow people in different parts of the world to send money to places and financial institutions worldwide in a secure manner.
Money Transfers various Ways
Banks are one of the most popular legal routes remitters use to transmit money to a specific location. Money can be sent via an account transfer, which credits funds to the recipient’s bank account. To facilitate international money transfers, banks leverage their global network or form relationships with agents or other banks worldwide.
Money Transfer Companies
Money transfer companies are used by remitters who make online money transfers. To transfer money to a destination, money transfer businesses leverage their global agent and bank network. Post offices and retail establishments that serve the same client segments as the money transfer firm are examples of agents.
Post offices, formerly mostly utilized for local money transfers, have become a more popular option for foreign remittances. The capacity of this route to reach far-flung locations, such as rural areas in developing nations with little technical access, increases convenience.
Companies in the Telecommunications Industry:
Mobile phone network operators provide remittance services in the form of airtime transfers to recipients. The remitter is refilling the recipient’s cellphone account by sending airtime.
Some mobile phone companies limit remittance services to devices connected to their network, while others provide delivery to any connected device.
Money transfers are also possible using mobile transfers, which are available via SIM and mobile money scratch cards. Senders must purchase a customized SIM and scratch card to load cash into their mobile phones while using this remittance service. They can then transfer money from this account by authorizing the transaction using their PINs.
Tips for the Anatomy of a Great Money Transfer
- Carefully select your Money Transfer Company. Special rates that appear to be too good and to be true should be avoided.
- Different fees and exchange rates can charge by banks and regulated money transfer service providers. Make a cost comparison.
- Learn how your money will be moved, as well as the agents that will be involved. Inquire with your service provider about what happens if your intended recipient does not receive your remittance.
- Choose service providers who have sufficient security measures in place to provide a secure and safe atmosphere for you to transfer your funds.
Why Choose ACE Money Transfer?
ACE Money Transfer is one of the most significant and highly recommended money transfer providers for offline and online money transfers. ACE Money Transfer is committed to offering a safe, secure, and fast platform for its customers to send money to Pakistan to their relatives and loved ones.
ACE goes above and beyond the call of service for professional online solutions for all of your remittance issues. | <urn:uuid:0954be3c-b20b-411d-8c8a-c7ace702909e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://topthenews.com/the-anatomy-of-a-great-money-transfer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928585 | 756 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The Secret Garden
In fact, I have already read this book many times since my mom bought it for me. I like this book very much, because its story interests me.
It was so mysterious how the protagonist Little Mary changed from a very selfish, disagreeable, bad-tempered and crossly little ugly girl into a lively, outgoing, friendly and healthy pretty girl. I admire Mary for her change very much, because it is really difficult to change one’s mind in such a short time. The story also shows that nature plays an important part in our life. I like everything in nature; all of them can let me feel relaxed and enjoyable. When I listen to the birds singing in the trees or the insects crying on the ground, it seems to carry off all my worry.
I think another selfish boy—the spoiled child Colin is also an important role in the story. I didn’t like him at first, because he was an arbitrary and pessimistic boy. Actually, I like optimistic people. But when I saw his change like Mary’s, I feel happy for him. Mary is the key that made Colin not to think about dying and also made him feel his life is full of hopes. If everyone in the world can have a friend like Mary, the world will be more joyful.
My favorite role is Dickon. As mentioned above, I like nature. Dickon can make friends with animals, like birds, foxes, goats and so on. I also dream to be friends with them! Dickon and Mary also like flowers and trees. If I have a piece of land, I want to plant many flowers and trees on it, just like what Dickon and Mary did in the Secret Garden.
Mary’s curiosity led her to find out the Secret Garden which was sealed up for ten years since Mary’s aunt died. As a matter of fact, I found I’m not as curious as a ten-year girl. So having curiosity like Mary is important. If we don’t have curiosity, our life will be boring.
We people always consider us greater than any other creature. We are no better, and this is explained well by the roles of this book.
This story makes me the notice that although Mary was poor, both of her parents and all of her servants were dead, she was not alone. Dickon, Colin and the animal friends all keep company with her. She learned many things and had new adventures in the new environment. In sum, she became happier and more joyful than ever before.
Maybe there is a Secret Garden in everyone’s heart. There are bad memories in Secret Garden and it was sealed up, because people tend to escape questions and don’t want to face the fact; they seal up their mind like Mary’s uncle. But even if we don’t want to face up to the fact, we still have to do it one day. That is, we still have to open our Secret Garden one day. We can’t always escape from the fact because that will not solve any problems. So we should try to find the key and open the door of our Secret Garden. We can try to change our mind. After all, it is the one and only way to have a healthy and happy mind.
The detective story, Brat Farrar, is written by a famous authoress, Josephine Tey. The unbelievable things happened to the Ashby makes the story thrilling and exciting. Patrick Ashby, who died eight years ago, came home and inherited the family property. The Ashby was happy except for his twin brother, Simon. But the returning Patrick had a great secret: he was an imposter. His name was Brat. Finally, the false Patrick exposed the scam to Simon. After reading the book, I realize some rules of life. I like the story very much because Brat was brave.
In order to get all the fortune which belonged to his twin brother Patrick, Simon murdered Patrick. Luckily, Brat revealed the bad plan in the end. Recently, there was a murder case which shocked Taiwan. Two students studying abroad were killed in Japan. This was talked about a lot in the newspapers. Nobody knew why the criminal did this. It seems that crimes in a modern society cannot be avoided. But we can make them decrease and education plays a weighty role. Teenagers are the future of our country. So how to let younger students understand the knowledge of life is what our government needs to now to improve one of the teenager problems. It may take much time to change their mind, yet this is what all of us in the world should pay much attention to. As far as a high school student is concerned, there is nothing more important than to know how to love oneself.
Another thing I learned from the book is not to tell lies. “I am not an actor,” was replied by Brat when he knew the plan at first. And then Brat still decided to pretend to be the dead Patrick Ashby and inherit his property. He chose to live with a lie with scare even though Brat knew it was wrong. I think he was struggling and felt uncomfortable to be an imposter. Maybe we tell a lie to cover the truth but we always use more lies to cover it up. A lie is like a candy with poison. It is sweet, delicious but dangerous. No one likes other people to lie to us so do not do to others what you do not want to be done to you. If the lie has been told, I must make a sincere apology. This is the best way to solve it.
One more thing I know is that family is the best thing in the world. Brat was an orphan. He lived in an orphanage alone for many years and did not know who his parents were. If Brat had had a perfect home, he would not have become a faker to get what he wanted. I have much to say about it. Family is an important part in our life. People can lose anything; however, love of family is necessary. When I face failure, I would think of my family members and feel delighted soon. To my sadness, some people do not have a family. In fact, there are many people not treating their family cherishingly such as Simon in the story. Family is one of jewels in my lifetime.
I think it is the nicest detective story than any one I read before. At the same time, I find out that with social progress and economic development, there are a lot of problems in our society. Now we need to be careful of either moral education or crime actions. If we can improve them, our society will be better one day.
Handbook of Percy Jackson: The Lightning Thief
Percy Jackson: The Lightning Thief is a book whose background was set in the modern city—New York, and the character of this book was a boy called Percy Jackson and he was a boy who always got in trouble, but someday he was told that his missing father was a god and was one of the most powerful god—Poseidon. All of a sudden Percy’s life was changed, and he must find the missing weapon of Zeus to help his father to stop the war with Olympus.
After reading this book, all I felt is amazed because I have never read this kind of book before and the action of this book was very fluent and compact. The main character Percy was the boy who had an adventure. He was brave and took care of his friends very much. When he knew his friends were in danger, he would try his best to save his friends. And his bravery always let him have the power to do anything in many dangerous places. Percy used his bravery to solve many problems.
There are also some things in this book that interest me, like the mystical Greek mythology. I couldn’t imagine that modern world can mix with Greek mythology. I cannot put down my hand since I began to read it. You cannot imagine that the Greek gods are still with us in the modern world. For example, the eagle symbolizes America now, but it also symbolized Zeus in the past. There are still many things that symbolize Greek gods.
The bravery and the care for friends were what make Percy succeed. If Percy did not have these two things he absolutely could not find the lightning bolt and came back safely. His friend also played an important role to help Percy succeed.
In the history, many people were just like Percy. When they faced problems or danger, they would use their bravery to help them keep going. They used the heart which cares for friends to solve the problem. Even when they failed, they would not give up any hopes.
“Believe yourself, and than you can do anything”. I think that Percy can be the example of this sentence because he believed that he could save his mother and help his father, and that’s why he could go to the hill fight with Pluto and got the lightning bolt from Ares.
This book teaches me a lot from many ways and when I read it again, I can still get many things from the book. I think that reading is the most simple and the easiest way to get knowledge. Though you cannot go to the place where the book describes, you can still use your imagination to picture how it looks like just by a few sentences. It is amazing, isn’t it? I sincerely recommend you to read this book. It is really a fantastic book. I guess you will have the same feeling after reading it.
If I Stay
Gayle Forman, the author of If I Stay, won the 2009 NAIBA Book of the Year Awards and is a 2010 Indie Choice Honor Award winner for If I Stay. And she also got many literature awards such as Other Notable Literary Awards, British Fantasy Award (2010), and South Carolina Book Award Nominee for Young Adult Book Award (2011), etc.
If I Stay is about a “Choice Problem” story. Mia is a fortunate girl in this world. After a serious car accident everything was changed. Mia had to choose her life and think many things she had never thought. Although it was a difficult choice, she still had to face it. Because God wanted Mia not to be afraid and to look for the best way to solve problems. About choices and love, can you put them down? Can you choose to stay or to leave? To stay or not is up to you.
When I first saw the cover of If I Stay, I thought it was a good English novel for me. It is not only the photos that attracted me, but I could feel the novel filled with lots of emotion, love and many questions of all our life as well. In this novel, I understood Mia couldn’t put down her future and love of her friends and family. She was just a seventeen years old girl, but she needed to have strong courage and power to deal with these tragedies. Mia also reflected on questions such as “What would it be like if I stay?” and “What would it feel like to wake up as an orphan?” Maybe Mia once wanted to give up because her family were gone and she had no excuse to stay in this world. Adam was also a true lover for Mia. He never thought he should leave after his girlfriend had a big car accident. Adam wanted to stay with Mia because he knew Mia needed him and he had to comfort her sad heart. How romantic he was! If someday I encounter the thing like this, I won’t flinch. I have to walk forward and start a new life. Perhaps I will feel sad and want to leave this world to accompany all of people who I knew. Actually my eyes were filled with tears after I read If I Stay. That feeling is so true that I seem to be Mia. I can experience Mia’s life and thought. A novel that can touch people’s hearts is not easy. So the author of If I Stay must have her experience and ideas that she wants to tell us.
“I realize now that dying is easy. Living is hard.” This is Mia’s realization after she became a ghost to loiter in the hospital and around her body. When some people fall into a dilemma, they always think that they can’t face and solve it and decide to commit suicide to escape. Don’t choose this way but accept the truth. If Mia can face the problems, why can’t you? Life is very important and precious. No one can give up their life easily.
No matter how big a problem you made, you shouldn’t be a coward. Choices are difficult for us to choose. If you don’t make up your mind to do it, you will regret forever. We can see things in many ways. Sometimes due to a strange idea, you may change the face of the mode. So we need to think twice before you do everything. It’s much better for your friends, family, relatives and yourself.
View and Description of the Story in the West Coast of Greece
This is an exciting and adventurous story. It took place in a small island called Corfu. It is located on the west coast of Greece. The leading role, Lucy, accepted the invitation of her sister, Phyllida. They went to this beautiful and magical island together. However, some accidents happened quietly.
In a normal morning, Lucy went swimming at the beach and met a dolphin accidentally. But someone tried to kill it by a gun. She looked toward the cliff. It’s the son of a famous actor, Max. They had left a bad impression to each other since this argument. Then, Miranda’s brother, Spior, died unexpectedly because he once set sail at night. His boss, Godfrey, who was writing a book in the boat-house, felt very sorry. This event made his family sad. After that, in another morning, Lucy found something horrible when she was swimming. Someone died in the sea, and Godfrey said he was being drowned. But Max had doubts, and there was something to prove his ideas. That was Spior, who was still alive and told them what happened that night. The murderer is Godfrey, and he did another murder. To bring Spior to the hospital, Lucy had to distract him. So she spent one afternoon with him. In order to reveal his secret, she got into his boat. But she was pushed into the sea unfortunately. She wasn’t killed. Instead, she drifted to the beach on the other side of the sea. Fortunately, he was sent back by local residents, and she solved all the mysteries. But Godfrey drove the boat away. He died on the sea because of the bombardment. That was the end of the story.
In this story, I see many impressive roles such as Lucy. She was a brave and intelligent person. After entering the ship, she found out the secret and fought with Godfrey. She thought very carefully, even when she was in a great danger. She would find the information and others’ weaknesses which were advantageous to her. She could make the right choice in the proper time. So she could tell the truth in end of the story. However, the murderer, Godfrey, engaged in smuggling and illicit trafficking. He lied to everyone in the beginning and in order to achieve his goals, he even intended to kill Spior and somebody else. He certainly did not know how much sadness it would cause to Spior’s family. They have lost their father so that they could not live without Spior. The whole family lost their source of income because of Godfrey’s selfishness. But he had been penalized on the sea. His death taught us a good lesson. A person who does bad things won’t have a good ending. This story also shows us one thing. No matter how many obstructions there are on our road, we will get by. Just Like Lucy, she created a different life for herself. We will hold our future by our volitions.
Vivid description of characters and horror plot are used by the author to attract readers. She used them very well. It is not only interesting but also has a deep meaning. I thought I also have been to the west coast of Greece and experienced their adventure.
Money vs Morality
What is the ultimate aim you have pursued the whole life? Fortune? Power? Love? Faith?
The leading role of this story, Michael, was the lawyer in a well-known company, and he would very likely become the partner who earned more than a million dollars a year in the next two or three years. He was a white-collared worker. Everyone would never associate the poor with him. But one day something different happened. A guy, Hardy, who was homeless, intruded the office Michael and his co-workers worked in, and threatened them with dynamites. He was finally rescued by the police. The homeless guy was also killed. Michael stared to notice the people who were either poor or homeless. He even thought what his work meant to him. Did he really like the things which he was doing now? He knew the lawyer, Mordecai, whose clients were the homeless. He helped them and charged low. Later Michael met a homeless mother, Burton, who took three children, and this family was poisoned with carbon dioxide in their car the next few days. Michael was shocked but something was more surprising to him. Hardy and Burton’ family were tenants, but they were evicted by one of the lawyers in Michael’s company, and they became homeless. Mordecai and Michael started to have a litigation with Michael’s company. Finally, they won the lawsuit, and got a big amount of compensation for the homeless. Although Michael didn’t earn as much as before, he found the ultimate aim of his life-being as a lawyer with heart.
Let us think about another question. Can we own our heart and fortune together? Or do we have to choose one between them? I have thought this question for a long time. But one thing can be sure is that it will be very difficult to own our heart and fortune together. A man who wants to make a lot of money must spend much time chasing it, and he may ignore the people who need help. Another man who always helps others may lose some time to pursue fortune or power. Michael chased for more fortune and power before. But he changed when he met those poor people. He wanted to do his best to help others. If I were Michael, I would do the same thing because I believe it is more important to help others.
There are many people still in poor. A scary study said that ten thousand people died in one minute for hunger. This is very sad to me. I want to do something for them. Though I am only one person, actions speak louder than words. My life is more comfortable than those in poor. If I eat less every day, and save more money, I can help more people. Many a little makes a mickle. Little by little and bit by bit. A penny saved is a penny earned. It will be very useful. Maybe someday my dream that there are no more poor people around the world will come true.
Pride and Prejudice
During the winter break, I read a story called Pride and Prejudice, and I would like to introduce the brief content of the book and my viewpoints of the book.
" Pride and Prejudice ", literally it is mainly describing how human characters vary and how people respond to life affairs . In the book Pride and Prejudice, the characters’ conversations are full of fun and intelligence. I was attracted by the interaction of the roles. The story also gave me a lesson of the dark side of the human. When someone regard himself as genius, it is always the case that he holds the attitude. Or, it is quite natural for someone opposes to all deeds of the one against whom he is biased. Effective communication hardly occurs at this moment, which also builds a giant gap among people.
In daily lives, we act almost the same way as the roles of the book do. Arrogance and Prejudice are so easy to be spotted around us anytime. Pride and Prejudice describe the dark side of human characters in an extremely exaggerated way. Although the overstated description, it is absolutely worth thinking. The subjective ideology of the first impression is stubbornly rooted in our thoughts. Because of Elizabeth's ordinary birth, Darcy failed to express his feelings to Elizabeth by giving up his pride. He felt confused by falling in love with a girl who lived in inferior family. It is obvious that his dignity faced a tremendous challenge.
In spite of numerous difficulty and misunderstanding, love is so unstoppable over every obstacle. After Elizabeth realizes the error of her initial prejudice against Darcy, it was embarrassing when they met each other again. They aren't able to have a conversation comfortably; they feel awkward talking to each other, just like a shy couple together. Also, love stops you from thinking sensibly. You might also do stupid things when you fall in love. Among all of the conflicting events in processes, the two human characters, pride and prejudice, apparently reveal.
The Eagle of the Ninth
Marcus was a commander in Roman legion. His father, who led the Ninth Legion, disappeared mysteriously. In once battle between British tribesmen, Marcus harmed his leg and lost his occupation. When he was recuperating his wound, he met Esca and decided to look for the honor symbol of his father’s army. In order to solve the Ninth Legion’s riddle; in order to look for the eagle, which stood for the honor of the Ninth Legion; and in order to return the truth, Marcus and his loyal friend, Esca, were on a long journey with firm determinations. On the way, they walk across the great wall of Hadrian, lived with tribesmen, saw the Eagle they searched for in their holy ritual and brought it back.
Though they suffered from the attacks of wild tribes and made them be in a bad condition, Marcus chose to surmount all the hobble instead of sacrificing Esca, who had been a slave. He decided to face dilemma together with Esca to solve the problem with wisdom and courage. On the other hand, Esca didn’t abandon Marcus, whose leg was injured because of a terrible battle before, at the critical moment. Their behavior lets me realize a truth: Friendship is like the light of candles——when you are in a dark room, the light will be brighter and warmer. A real friend can be sunshine when you are in the mist. If you have such a heartfelt friend, your life will be filled with much greater memories and experiences.
I admire Marcus’s wisdom, too. When Marcus and Esca were surrounded by the aggressive tribesmen, Marcus could still have a negotiation with Liathan, who was the kid in that tribe, in a leisurely manner. As those wild guys’ steps were approaching, they hid in a dim forest to avoid the attack cleverly instead of striking back face to face. In addition, they thought in depth and planned carefully, so they always knew what to do and brought back the metal eagle successfully. I think that no matter what terrible situation you face, just calm down, think prudently and keep optimistic, and you will think of a different way to solve the predicament easily.
I praise Marcus’s firmness. Despite the fact that that on the journey of searching for the eagle was filled with setback, he never gave up his own goal. The way to success doesn’t sprinkle pretty flowers. When you are realizing your own dream, you may be frustrated. But as the saying goes,” Keep on going. Never give up”. Only the firmness will can lead you to eliminate the entire obstacle and walk forward to your goal.
I’m so interested in this book that I search for the information about the eagle of the ninth. I find out that the army may be beaten in Simon Bar Kokhba or be destroyed by Britain. The disappearance of the Ninth Legion is still a riddle nowadays; I hope historians can disclose the secret. I also hope that I can travel to the UK to watch the beautiful landscape of the great wall of Hadrian and to imagine the exciting adventure about Marcus and Esca.
Close my eyes, and let my imagination fly through the space-time. If Marcus and Esca’s adventure didn’t touch me, nothing would!
The Eagle of the Ninth
This book is a historical adventure novel. It is talking about a Roman Legion marching into the mists, and no one came back. Also the Eagle, the symbol of the Legion’s honor was lost. So the protagonist of the book, Marcus Aquils, whose father disappeared with the Legion, set out to find the Eagle and bring it back and investigate the death of his father.
In this book, the most important character is Guern, who had been a Roman soldier but now a hunter in one north tribe. He tells something about his father to Marcus, and helps them move to next tribe. The most exciting part is the way they come back. They don’t know why they burst into a dangerous place where the tribesmen live. The tribesmen in the north hate the Romans most. Until they notice that, it’s too late. They have become a delicious feast. Fortunately, after the celebration, they all sleep and then they find the Eagle on the top of a cane and bring the Eagle back safely.
I think Marcus must be a brave, friendly and benevolent person. There are two points that shows us why he is brave, friendly and benevolent. First, there are a lot of dangerous processes on the travel likes discussing by violent tribesmen, running away in the dark night and crossing the bog, so he needs courage to solve these problems. Second, he has a slave, Esca, who help him bring the Eagle back. Although Esca is a slave, but I think their relationship is more like friends.
In the end, he let Esca free. And I like Esca the most because he helps Marcus find the Eagle and when he has a chance to leave away, he still wants to stay with his master and help him . He is not only a slave but also a best friend of Marcus. He shows his localism and be a very good slave, and protect Marcus’s life.
This story is really a good story. Marcus runs into a lot of problems but there still a important mission to finish, so he still uses his wisdom and courage to face them and also settle this mystery of the disappearance of the Eagle. To me, I always have a schedule for a week, but I didn’t finish it exactly because I feel too exhausted sometimes and lazy to finish the else things. That’s why I always run out of time and have no patience to concentrate on one thing. Therefors, I admire him so much for his perseverance and courage. The story also wants us to know if we have a target, we need to try our best and persist till the end no matter how hard it is!
What is Pride? and What is Prejudice ?
Mr. Darcy, a man of great possession, met Elizabeth at the Meryton ball. He found he loved her at the first sight. But out of his own pride, he didn't dance, nor even talk with any women who were not the daughters of the prestigious families in the party, inclusive of Elizabeth. Due to his bad and pound attitude, he was hated and marginalized by the people attending the party. Elizabeth had a dislike of him as well during the ball.
Elizabeth Bennet, an intelligent, charming girl, had a bad feeling of Mr. Darcy. At first she thought the unhappiness of her sister, Jane, and Mr. Bingley was caused by Mr. Darcy 's interference. She also thought that the reason why Mr. Darcy did such an evil thing was to protect his family reputation. Not until did she get a letter from Mr. Darcy after her rude refusal of marriage to Mr. Darcy and know the fact about all the situation, she found the truth covered by her prejudice toword Mr. Darcy. Their embarrassing relation resulted from her prejudice. To her enormous regret, she decided to re-understand Mr. Darcy's character and tried to make the misunderstanding between Mr. Darcy and others vanish.
With being objected rudely by Elizabeth, Mr. Darcy made up his mind to change his pound attitude. In the end, he got married with his true love, Elizabeth, with Bennets’ sincere blessing and led a life of happiness. Mr. Darcy broke his pride, while Elizabeth got rid of her prejudice. They both bridged the gap between them and finally went on the way to happiness.
Pride, based on one's ascendant of wealth, reputation or power,etc, is capable of making one arrogant and regard himself as something due to his superiority complex. As a consequence, this sort of person might annoy others and finally be marginalized. Nobody wants to be with him or collaborate with him, even though he has of great ability or talent.
Prejudice always breeds when one has narrow viewpoint to another. People's recognition might be affected by their stereotype or others' rumors and slanders and then make a wrong identification with misunderstanding to other. Prejudice is a high, thick and strong wall which is an obstacle to stop people from understanding each other.
It is pride and prejudice that people often show and commit unconsciously. We usually feel ourselves better than others and then we are too pound of ourselves. That is, the pride appears; meanwhile, series of quarrels follow it. It brings about estrangement between one and another.
As we have a first sight of another, to tell the truth, our thoughts easily affect by the “first feeling”. We do not thoroughly get along with him to really understand one's character but always identify one's by our mechanical impression. Consequently, misunderstanding emerges when the prejudice arises. To sum up, both of pride and prejudice are able to make a person alienate from others.
Above all, the importance of being honest and modest can not be over-emphasized. We should get rid of our own pride and prejudice to make our relation get closer. By doing this, the connection between one and another will be better even than before!
Cherish the things you have had
As an Aladdin's lamp, the monkey’s paw owns witchcraft which enables three requests of a person. Nevertheless, after making a wish, the consequence of Monkey’s paw is not the same as Aladdin’s lamp. It would make dreams come true and accompany some expense at the same time. Take Mr. White’s friend, Tom Morris, whom was the second guy that received the monkey’s paw, for example. While Tom asked the monkey’s paw for a fast car and money, his wife and son died in an accident in the car. Not only Mr. Morris but also Mr. White suffered from such difficult and miserable condition as losing their much-loved relatives. His one and only son, Herbert, felt into the machinery and died later than he said the first of his desires to the monkey’s paw.
In accordance with the illustrations that are mentioned above, it is obvious that obtaining what does not belong to us will have a bad effect on ourselves. As the saying goes, “There is always give and take.” There is also a Chinese proverb which says,” You can't eat your cake and have it too.” I am in favor of these two aphorisms. Let’s take some actualities for example. In 2000, an American couple won the first prize of lottery, acquiring approximate 22 hundred million New Taiwan Dollars. In general, getting the considerable sum of money like this seems to be an exhilarant. On the contrary, to them, it was gloom and doom. The man of this pair was drunk and disorderly after he gained the money. Within two years, he died of serious illness. On the other hand, his wife led a life of debauchery and addicted to drugs. Then, in the third year subsequent to her husband’s death, she passed away, too. Another real example which is analogous to that couple happened in Florida, America. There was a truck driver taking almost 5.4 hundred million New Taiwan Dollars by winning the championship of lottery. His overnight millionaire turned out to be a fatal disaster. He died and his body was found been pushed up the daisies with cement afterward. As far as I am concerned, it might be better if they had not hit the jackpot. It is true that they got the money, but they also lost their valuable and precious live.
However, it is not incorrect to make a wish about being well-heeled. In my opinion, the mistakes the couple and the truck driver did can be expressed as follows. First and foremost is their response to the win. While winning that prize, one kind of people will make good use of the fortune, like donating some portions of it to charitable organization to take assistances in those who need the aid. One will plan for the using and prepare to be in reserve for a rainy day, like always using the amount they need and storing into the bank. Another will spend extravagantly and the final result of the people at this category is usually as wretched as the samples I have referred in the second paragraph. Second but not least is their attitude. Receiving unexpected money, some people will treasure it and manage it well; some will look down on it, spending it luxuriously and think they will be lucky enough to earn another after the money have been spent completely.
In short, to avoid causing tragedies, cherishing the things we have had is one of the crucial behaviors we should do.
The Little Prince
The little prince, with blond hair, tiny body, and his scarf, had become the common impression for readers from country to country. One day, the pilot (author) bumped into the little prince in Sahara Desert, and, the story began when they first met…
I think that the little prince is the incarnation of the author, whose heart is filled with wide and childlike imagination. The classic book used simple but meaningful words to portray a romantic, imaginative world. In addition, each of the little prince’s trip is pointed out the author’s view to the whole world:” Grown-ups are certainly quite extraordinary.” Children’s world is always full of imaginative and fantasy ideas; however, adults’ world is dominated with numbers. They can’t find anything wrong in their words, so they can’t give children their own space as well. Thus, they usually destroy children’s dream. Grown-ups also need explanation instead of knowing the truth by themselves. It’s truly tiring for children. Take the author’s painting, for example. The author drew a picture about an elephant swallowed by a snake, but all adults regarded it as a hat. Perhaps they don’t realize they pour cold water on children’s passion just by doing this, and it could indirectly makes children lose their innocent heart.
One of the most impressive scenes to me is when the little prince met a fox during his adventure. Instead of crafty, the fox in the book was honest; furthermore,
I entirely love a beautiful quote which said:’’ One sees clearly only with the heart; anything essential is invisible to the eyes.’’ Indeed, everything isn’t just like the appearance we see, because some things are needed to be to see, to feel, and to experience with our hearts.. Besides, the fox told that he wanted to be tamed by the little prince. ”Tame’’, to build up relationship, is very important for creators in the universe. If there is no bond between each other, there is no joy in the life. We are eager to be loved by other people; if there is somebody that can’t be loved by others, there must be empty in their hearst. Moreover, it’s sorrowful to lose a friend ,who really understand ourselves. That is, when we are “tamed” by others, our heart will change because of them. We tame, and be tamed by many people simultaneously. It can be a not only fortunate but also happy thing, isn’t it?
In the little prince’s adventure, he had visited seven asteroids. There were different people lived in each asteroid, and each inhabitant had different characters. In the little prince’s point of view, the author expressed the dark side of humanity. I can’t forget the scene when he met with a businessman who had lots of stars. The little prince thought he should be useful to what he owned, but the businessman thought that “The stars are mine, so I can do everything to keep them.’’, though. The difference between the little prince (children) and the businessman (adults) is obvious here.
The little prince is a fairy tale for adults.Jus as the story’s preface said, “All grown-ups were once children—although few of them remember it.” We all were children before, but we usually ignore this. The story gives us a chance to discover the innocent site of the humanity and the preciousness of the life. | <urn:uuid:84cd2d8f-849d-459e-98ed-ca4582edaba7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hs.nnkieh.tn.edu.tw/modules/tad_web/news.php?WebID=11&CateID=129 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.984503 | 7,963 | 1.90625 | 2 |
What’s in Your Coffee Cup?
You’ve probably noticed that a significant portion of the coffee sold at your local supermarket is labeled “100% Arabica,” but you may not have given it much thought. After all, you’re far more likely paying attention to the brand name, the origin of the beans, whether it’s whole bean or ground, if it’s decaf or regular, and maybe even the picture on the label. Why would you pay any mind to the style of coffee in the bag if you didn’t need to?
But that isn’t the case for die-hard coffee enthusiasts, and budding coffee lovers everywhere. If this is you, then you definitely want to know more about your beans when you’re buying them. So what exactly is Arabica coffee, and what makes it preferable to its cousin, Robusta?
A Tale of Two Beans
There are many species of coffee bean, but the two main species that are cultivated for widespread enjoyment are called Arabica and Robusta.
Arabica is almost universally regarded as the superior of the two. It features double the sugar content of Robusta, and 60% more lipids – the oils that give coffee its rich flavor. It also has half the caffeine of Robusta. That might sound like a bad thing, as caffeine is one of the perks of being a coffee drinker, but caffeine isn’t actually all that tasty.
Robusta beans have a flavor that is often described as astringent or rubbery. Robusta plants are relatively low-maintenance, and they produce a generous yield during the growing season. Robusta is also highly resistant to pests. Apparently, its high caffeine content makes bugs say, “None for me, thanks.”
Why Use Robusta?
So if Arabica is the better bean, why do coffee producers use Robusta at all? Generally speaking, it tends to be a matter of price. On the futures market, for example, Arabica is typically much more expensive that Robusta, so some coffee producers use Robusta beans as filler to stretch their supply of costlier Arabica coffee.
Robusta is also used to make instant coffee. Instant coffee drinkers tend to be the most cost-conscious group of coffee lovers, so low prices are a primary goal among producers.
But just because Robusta is less expensive doesn’t mean it has no place in gourmet coffee circles, where things like organic and shade-grown coffee are frequently the stuff of conversations. Italian espresso roasters often include high-end Robusta in their espresso blends, where it is valued for its thick, rich crema (that’s the foam on top of the espresso).
Interestingly, coffee drinkers in some parts of the world actually prefer the flavor of Robusta beans. Imported Vietnamese Robusta is quite popular in China.
And don’t be surprised if high-grade Robusta makes inroads in the specialty coffee market. They may be few and far between, but Robusta does have its admirers among the coffee cognoscenti.
Enjoy Your Coffee!
We hope you’ve enjoyed learning more about your favorite morning pick-me-up. And whether you prefer the nuanced flavor of boutique Arabica or the bracing caffeine jolt of a strong serving of instant coffee, we hope your next cup is just the way you like it.
[Photos Via: Wikimedia Commons; Pexels; Public Domain Pictures] | <urn:uuid:9aacada4-7da0-4dcb-bab4-f28731a42b86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theexoticbean.com/blog/coffee-types/whats-the-difference-between-robusta-and-arabica-coffee/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.939568 | 746 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Dwindling food stocks and a shortfall in donor funding have forced the UN World Food Programme (WFP) to cut rations for more than 700,000 Liberians for the second time in two months, a senior WFP official said on Monday.
WFP is now distributing just 70 percent of the normal food ration and further cuts are likely unless donors come up with more cash quickly, Maarit Hirvonen, the acting head of WFP in Liberia told IRIN.
"We started the reduction of the calories last month from 2,100 to 1,700. And this month it was cut down to 1,500 per person," Hirvonen said.
"This serious problem of resources can be attributed to the... competing interests and priorities like the issues in Darfur, Sudan," she added.
Nearly a quarter of Liberia's three million population receives food aid following 14 years of civil war. And many more mouths will have to be fed once the UN refugee agency UNHCR starts to repatriate Liberian refugees from neighbouring countries in October.
But since the Liberian conflict ended 12 months ago and UN peacekeeping forces brought improved security to the interior, the country has dropped off the donors' radar screen.
Almost 740,000 people, including demobilised ex-fighters, newly-returned refugees, internally displaced people (IDP) and school children, have been affected by the cut in monthly rations.
Hirvonen warned that further cuts could follow if donors failed to stump up US$12 million rapidly to buy a further 20,000 tonnes of food to see Liberia through to the end of this year.
"To avoid even deeper cuts in food rations, even with immediate contributions, we will need to work rapidly and turn donations into food supplies quickly," she said.
"Some European Union countries have pledged seven million euros (US$8 million) for food assistance, but the realisation of such pledges could take several months. We have a shortfall of 20,000 tons of food supply to cope with the growing needs in Liberia," Hirvonen said.
"There are plans underway to deviate a limited food stock from WFP in neighbouring La Cote D'Ivoire. Like pulses, maize meal and vegetable oil to help ease the grave food aid for Liberia," she said. "This could arrive by the end of September."
The planned repatriation of more than 300,000 Liberian refugees spread across West Africa, which is due to start in October would aggravate the food shortages, Hirvonen warned.
"Perhaps, the number of target beneficiaries or returnees could surpass the initial planning figure that the UNHCR is working with and the WFP has to provide food aid to the returnees, but there is a limited food stock," she stressed.
Many Liberians currently living in IDP camps are already complaining of empty bellies and a deterioriation in the food situation over the past in the last four months.
"Things are now difficult in Liberia. The food we are receiving can not even take one person through a week," Ciapha Boakai, a resident at the Perry Town camp on the outskirts of Monrovia told IRIN at the weekend.
"Because of this, our children are now begging camp visitors for money to buy food," she added.
This article was produced by IRIN News while it was part of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Please send queries on copyright or liability to the UN. For more information: https://shop.un.org/rights-permissions
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Show your support as we build the future of news media by becoming a member of The New Humanitarian. | <urn:uuid:ef7f102e-73fa-49ba-83fb-7dbbffb245a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2004/08/16/wfp-cuts-food-rations-second-time-funds-run-out | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.958304 | 879 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Television as before, reworked. A talk format focused on the spoken word. Charlotte Roche, Jan Böhmermann and five guests converse for 60 minutes before an audience of 100. Entirely in keeping with the style of earlier discussion panels on public broadcasting TV (such as the legendary »Ende offen ...« programme), there are no big backdrops or plastered-on smiles. This is about simple, honest discourse in a stripped-back setting. The conversation touches on society, culture and politics. The main topics are determined by the configuration of guests and presenters.
Conceptually, the programme is on a quest for the »truthfulness« of TV, and so must first demystify the medium. The microphones, cameras and lighting are visible. It is clearly shown that this is a medium, that it is »produced«, that it censors, that it beautifies. Television is celebrated as a medium. What are the morals of those who create it, and of those who receive it?
The talk show set has been stripped-back to an empty, darkened space featuring only the most essential items, without any elaborate staging: a table and chairs, and a luminaire suspended overhead. The round table in the War Room of Stanley Kubrik’s 1964 film »Dr. Strangelove« was the inspiration for the concept. A large, circular pendant luminaire above the round table is the binding element in this film for a poker game involving 36 people negotiating the fate of the Earth. The cold and diffuse light from the pendant luminaire intensives the naked and grotesque irony of the movie scene.
The lighting set for the talk show also strives to achieve a somewhat comparable mood through the light design. The diffuse and intensive light of the pendant luminaire presents the »unvarnished« panel discussion and is a conscious stylistic device. The necessary light is decoupled from the pendant luminaire by means of a removable stretch ceiling film. Two contour light lines help increase perception of the large luminaire as a solid body in the dark studio. The luminaire with its solid sheet steel housing is suspended from the ceiling by four steel cables. A custom-made transport case was included during delivery to ensure the safe storage of the luminaire between the different takes.
The talk show was awarded the German »Filmförderpreis« (film sponsorship award). The jury said: »Philipp Käßbohrer and Matthias Schulz have visually and contextually shaped the much regarded ZDFkultur talk show.«
PHOTOGRAPHY: BTF, LICHTWERKE | <urn:uuid:877a8515-4422-4a8a-bc62-905fa9ed11c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rsl.de/en/individual-lighting-solutions/culture/roche-boehmermann/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.917129 | 553 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Landing a human rights job in an international non-governmental organization (NGO) is not easy. For many, the career path involves years of working for a local NGO before applying for a senior position with a global impact.
Nevertheless, many international human rights organizations offer amazing entry level jobs on a regular basis. This means that these large organizations, too, look forward to hiring early career human rights professionals so that they can use their knowledge, skills, and ambition to make significant changes in our societies.
Here are 10 international human rights organization that regularly look for early career professionals.
International Rescue Committee (IRC) is an international NGO which respond to some of the gravest human rights crisis in the world, helping countries and societies stabilize, rebuilding communities, and resettling refugees. It offers a range of human rights and humanitarian entry level jobs in more than 40 countries around the world. For example, working as an Officer for IRC usually requires prospective candidates to have only two or more years of relevant work experience.
In addition to these positions, it is also possible to join IRC as an intern or a fellow, both in the U.S. and internationally. Some of these vacancies are advertised on the official job board, while others are reserved for specific institutions such as Princeton and Harvard.
Front Line Defenders is a human rights organization originally established in Dublin, Ireland, with the goal of protecting human rights advocates. Over the years, the organization has opened offices in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and the Americas, in addition to the EU office in Brussels.
The organization regularly advertises entry level positions as well as fellowships for new human rights professionals on its website. Paid fellowships, which last up to a year, are envisaged as training programs for early career professionals who can have little or no experience working for human rights organizations. Other full-time positions, such as Project Coordinator for instance, typically require a minimum of three years of relevant work experience.
Save the Children is a leading international organization when it comes to child protection and children’s rights, working in dozens of countries across the globe. The organization’s online portals list a variety of job opportunities, including internships and entry level vacancies. Candidates can search for the most suitable positions through Save the Children’s US and international websites.
Positions such as Project Assistant or Human Rights Assistant require merely two years of work experience. Save the Children employs both national and international staff in countries where the organization has a presence. Typically, there are several entry level positions advertised at any given moment.
Occasionally, Save the Children also advertises paid internships, which typically last for 12 months. To be eligible, candidates should possess a relevant Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree, in which case no professional experience is necessary.
One of the organizations leading the movement for worldwide change is Oxfam. This international organization cooperates with thousands of partner organizations to fight world poverty and injustice. Candidates can apply for a job within the International Secretariat, which could place them in Oxford, the US, Brussels, and several other locations. The online job board allows the candidates to choose an appropriate job level and type, such as internships or entry level; however, such vacancies are limited.
On the other hand, candidates are encouraged to search for human rights jobs with Oxfam affiliates – that is, regional and national Oxfam offices – which offer many more entry level positions. For instance, Oxfam affiliates regularly look for new human rights professionals to fill in positions such as Project Assistant, which can require as little as one year of relevant work experience, in a variety of crisis areas in the world.
Another organization known for its inspiring human rights-related work, Human Rights Watch, employs thousands of people in its global offices. The organization broadly defines its vacancies as Professional/Managerial, Early Career, Fellowship, and Internship/Volunteering. That said, on the online job board, early career human rights professionals can easily single out available vacancies suitable for their professional experience. Typically, Human Rights Watch offers several entry level vacancies on a regular basis. For example, the requirements for Associate positions, which employ local or national staff, require a relevant bachelor’s degree and a minimum of one or two years of professional experience.
Each year, Human Rights Watch also offers a number of fellowship programs which aim to train new human rights professionals and provide them with valuable hands-on experience.
Human Rights First is a US-founded advocacy and action organization dedicated to inspiring meaningful changes for the betterment of human rights. Renowned for its work with refugees and migrants, this non-governmental organization regularly recruits interns and early career professionals to work on Refugee Protection, Refugee Representation, Communications, and other areas. Legal Fellows, required to have some related professional experience, are frequently needed to assist Human Rights First across the United States. These and other exciting positions are posted on the organization’s website.
Amnesty International has one of the most global and vocal presences of all international human rights organizations, monitoring human rights records and causing effective advances in the sphere of human rights in dozens of countries. This organizations regularly employs human rights professionals to work in one of its multiple international offices. Vacancies are typically categorized as Global Fundraising and Engagement, Global Operations, International Law and Policy, People and Services, and Research. That said, early career human rights professionals can join as Campaigners, Researchers, Communication officers, or Coordinators with as little as a couple of years of related experience. Amnesty International is known for not enlisting a specific number of years of work experience necessary for a particular position, but it is more interested in finding a candidate with the right set of skills to conduct most efficient human rights work. On the job board, human rights practitioners can regularly find a number of entry level positions.
One of the world’s most famous organizations supporting democratic values and change, Freedom House recruits human rights professionals both domestically, in its New York or Washington, DC offices, and internationally, in places such as Ukraine and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Interested candidates can support the work of the organization in various ways, joining as Assistants, Monitoring and Evaluations Specialists, Proposal Coordinators, or Program Associates. Entry level positions such as Project Assistant, for example, require the employee to have a Bachelor’s degree and desirable two years of relevant work experience. Sometimes, Freedom House advertises jobs for which even less work experience is necessary, such as for instance Proposal Coordinator position, for which a minimum of six months of related work experience would be sufficient. Domestic and international early career opportunities are advertised on Freedom House’s job board.
AWID is a prominent international women’s rights organization which has worked tirelessly towards achieving gender equality and sustainable development for decades. The organization conducts meaningful human rights work both in North America, in the U.S. and Canada, and internationally. Prospective candidates can apply for different positions which involve working on the field, doing monitoring and evaluation, campaigning, or legal work. While some more advanced positions require a substantial amount of related work experience, AWID also regularly looks for Coordinators and Officers who have some prior work experience in the field and a working understanding of the area they will be working in, which opens doors for many early career professionals. AWID also offers paid internships for candidates who have a minimum of one year professional experience.
These jobs, advertised on AWID’s website, are often a part of joint projects with organizations such as IRC.
For decades, the Open Society Foundations (OSF) have started and supported hundreds of initiatives to create more tolerant societies and accountable, democratic government around the world. Working on nearly all imaginable human rights issues – from minority rights to public health and justice – the OSF has built a strong presence in nearly every region in the world. Known as one of the most giving foundations, the OSF regularly employs early career professionals as Legal Assistants, Communication Officers, Project Assistants and others who can join the foundations after only a couple of years of relevant work experience. In addition to jobs, the OSF also supports early career professionals who share its values through fellowships. Fellowships can include working on an own project or a paid placement in one of the international offices. | <urn:uuid:1d36a4e5-b202-4ec6-b81e-67f82c5b6b51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://yiddishclubs.org/index-184.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946721 | 1,702 | 1.804688 | 2 |
The mode input for the Add-On Instruction IPA_Home for Ethernet/IP control of the IPA servo motor drive/controller controls: the direction for homing, the edge of the home sensor found, slow speed backing up to that edge, and setting the final approach direction (to take up any mechanical hysteresis or backlash).
This is an integer (16bit INT) where the first 4 bits set the home mode that is passed to p4157.
Bit 0: Start in Negative direction
Bit 1: Backup to home sensor enabled (Slow-speed move to edge)
Bit 2: Negative edge of home sensor
Bit 3: Final approach direction negative
See figures in attached Excel file:
These are the first 4 bits of P4157. Within the AcroBasic IPA code for the AOIs, this is cHomeMode (in Defines).
We will be correcting the online help file for the AOI instructutions in a future version. No changes to the AOI themselves or the AcroBasic programs need to be made. The online help for the Add-On Instruction (AOI) IPA_Home in Logix software lists the Mode as either Incremental or Absolute in err.
Note for absolute encoders, homing is not needed. The absolute encoder position is already read on power-up of the IPA. If needing to zero it's position, don't use IPA_Home but use ACR-View to as a one time reset of the encoder's reference: | <urn:uuid:af58543f-3a97-45d7-a7e3-42397bcec1ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.parker.com/technologies/electromechanical-group/electromechanical---industrial/w/electromechanical-knowledge-base/1549/ipa-software---how-to-change-the-home-start-direction-and-other-home-settings | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.846708 | 325 | 1.671875 | 2 |
This Joint Mission Report describes the findings of the UN Environment/OCHA Joint Unit, UNEP Sudan, UNHCR and OCHA in South Sudan during a mission aiming to operationalize the environment as a cross-cutting issue during protracted crisis situations.
The objective of the mission was to collect and document experiences to formulate a strategy and framework to operationalize the environment as a cross-cutting issue. The mission team observed deforestation near the refugee camps and spoke with both host communities and the refugee groups. Through the application of a landscape approach in managing land and natural resources, the mission concluded there was potential to resolve conflicts and improve harmony among the host communities and the refugee population, and also to reduce environmental degradation in the near future. The mission also concluded that humanitarian financing can be counterproductive to sustainable development (e.g. encourages temporary solutions and short term return on investment).
Consult the report here. | <urn:uuid:3cbe6c53-8a0f-44fd-b112-d7194689ed2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eecentre.org/resources/joint-mission-report-maban-camps-upper-nile-state-south-sudan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95639 | 179 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Improve Your Life By Slimming Down And Staying Healthy
Sometimes it may seem impossible to achieve your weight-loss goals, especially if you have a large number of pounds to shed. Setting small attainable goals for yourself, instead of one large goal can make it feel less discouraging. Apply the advice from this article to help you set reachable goals.
Go ahead and throw out those high-calorie foods. It might feel wasteful, but if you are serious about losing weight it might be a good idea to hurry and get rid of any foods that might tempt you to stray from your diet. Clean out your fridge and pantries to make room for healthier foods.
Eat food containing chili peppers. The chili peppers increase your metabolism, enabling you to use up food more easily. Your blood flow increases due to your body trying to counter the heat, causing your body to use more energy. If you combine chilies with other strong spices such as garlic and ginger in meals, it will help to aid your weight loss.
While you continue to work towards your weight loss goals, it is important to realize that you will inevitably experience setbacks. Lifestyle changes are never easy, and you are almost certain to hit a few bumps in the road. The key is to plan in advance for events and circumstances that may cause you to lose focus, and formulate a strategy for minimizing their impact on your progress.
Plan all your meals ahead of time. Doing this will help you stay away from feeling starving and just choosing something that is quick but not healthy for you. This will also avoid leaving you stressing about what to make for dinner, and give you the chance to prepare your meals ahead of time.
Losing weight occasionally requires minor detective skills. Pay close attention to the nutritional value and ingredients in foods and beverages, even if you think you have a good idea of what you’ll find. As much as possible, avoid consuming anything that contains trans-fats or corn syrup, which induces the body to store more calories as fat and has been linked to problems with the liver, heart, and stomach.
Stick with natural sweeteners like sugar. In some people, eating food with artificial sweeteners actually makes them hungrier. Fake sweeteners can decrease serotonin levels, causing the body not to realize when it’s full and satisfied. Artificial sweeteners can also increase levels of insulin in the blood, which makes fat harder to burn.
If you are tired of your weight-loss plan, maybe it is just because you are tired. Recent evidence shows that not getting enough rest on a regular basis could lead to weight gain. Getting a 20-30 minute nap during the day may be what you need. Maybe your brain is conveying that you are actually tired when you think you are hungry.
It really pays to have snack friendly vegetables like carrots, broccoli and celery washed, cut and ready to eat. The thought of having to prepare something for a simple snack can deter you from making the wise choice and reaching for the instant gratification potato chips instead.
Eat snacks between meals to keep you feeling satisfied and to stop you from reaching for something unhealthy. Keep container of sunflower seeds on your desk with a spoon so if you get hungry you can just grab a spoonfull to help tide you over until your next meal.
Make sure you’re having at least one bowel movement a day to keep your weight loss going strong. Your body needs to eliminate as much of the food you eat as possible so that you’re not over-processing it and retaining too much fat. Keep your diet high in fiber from the vegetables and fruit you eat and you’ll keep regular, too.
Get comfortable exercise clothes that you like. If you’re embarrassed by sexy workout gear, don’t buy it for yourself! If you prefer to wear sweatpants and a t-shirt, that is perfectly acceptable.
Many people eat emotionally; however, this usually leads to rapid weight gain. Therefore, if you do this, you need to stop. Exercise can improve depression by releasing endorphins. Research has shown that exercise releases endorphins, giving your mood a good boost while helping you lose weight.
Eliminate or greatly reduce fried foods from your diet. Try baking, grilling or any of the many other, healthier ways to cook your meats and vegetables. You will find that the options for different flavors are endless, when you use different cooking methods, seasonings and marinades, for flavor, instead of fat.
A super weight loss tip is to always drink a full glass of water before every meal. In this way, you will acquire a feeling of fullness prior to ingesting a single calorie, thus reducing the amount of food you are likely to eat. This is a great way for calorie counting dieters to stay within their daily limit.
You make weight loss simpler bu figuring your meals out in advance. Plan out the day, considering the timing of your 5-6 meals. You can even pack foods early to take along when you will be out.
How can you lose weight? Losing one pound requires that you burn 3,500 calories. This can be done by: burning 500 calories a day – seven days a week through exercise; or by cutting 250 calories from your diet and exercising to burn the other 250 calories each day – seven days a week. Essentially, you need to burn more and consume appropriately.
To lose weight, change your focus from being thin to being healthy. If you concentrate your efforts on your health, weight loss will follow, because a healthy lifestyle does not support habits, which lead to weight problems. So, work towards eating the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables each day, as well as, getting enough exercise.
As stated at the beginning of this article, it may seem impossible at times to achieve your weight-loss goals, especially if you have a lot of weight to lose. Setting aside the big picture and working towards smaller achievable goals will help you to keep positive. Apply the advice from this article to help yourself achieve your ultimate weight-loss goals. | <urn:uuid:17da9bf7-6da0-4d63-8fbe-7649e2ca9853> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bloggingworlds.com/improve-your-life-by-slimming-down-and-staying-healthy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.958378 | 1,248 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Despite a substantial economic climate, a lot of Us americans live income to paycheck. Forty % lack $400 to pay for an emergency expenditure, like an automobile fix. And several working-class anyone turn to payday advance loan and other pricey approaches to borrow money.
Startup firms that supply better alternatives for personnel are integrating with forms of companies – from giants like Walmart to slight fried poultry diners.
And he states that professionals have actually typically already made the cash needed because they been employed by far enough into the cover years
“This is when everything occurs; this will be kitchen right here,” says cook Keith Brown as he walks at night ovens and larger bowls of flour at Lee’s Famous Recipe Chicken in Richmond, Va. The guy together with team were gearing upwards when it comes to lunchtime dash.
The restaurant proprietor, Henry Loving, noticed over time a large number of their people here were certainly getting burned up. Perhaps not with fry oil, but by high-cost debts they’d have stuck in.
“You are sure that, a lot of times the people that i’ve helping me personally tend to be tight on funds and they’re going to go out and perform payday advance loan or something like that that way,” claims Loving. “And by enough time I get wind of it, its too late and they’re in most forms of further hard hassle hoping to get that paid down.”
But more businesses were stepping into help their workers with a significantly economical method of getting some emergency money
Brown remembers exactly how some time ago, his buddy was in the hospital and then he needed to arrive at New York to see him. Very the guy got on a high-interest-rate cash advance for $400.
“i acquired the mortgage. However it stored myself when you look at the gap and that I had to continue to have financial loans and perhaps approximately three or four period to pay they right back,” states Brown. He says by the point he eventually settled all money and interest back, “we end paying twice as much money I’d have. I really settled about $900 back once again before it was actually more than.”
Passionate claims sometimes however give employees cash himself, in order to enable them to escape from under these debts. “they have been embarrassed to ask, nonetheless they’ll started to myself, and I indicate usually they are going to wind up homeless or need certainly to move out of condition.”
So when Loving heard of an organization also known as PayActiv, a technical startup that will help enterprises obtain workers emergency funds for really small charges, “I imagined to myself, since’s advisable,” he says. In which he joined.
Safwan Shah, the president and CEO of PayActiv, says the necessity nowadays is big as most People in the us include spending high charges and interest when they’re small on cash.
“the facts review revealed that it was near to $150 four weeks becoming compensated from the operating bad – per worker or per per hour worker in this nation,” says Shah. “which is a substantial sum of money since it is about $1,800 or $2,000 a-year.”
Contemplate that for one minute. According to research by the Federal hold, 40 percentage of People in the us lack $400 in economy to repair their own hot water heater or other crisis. But Shah says they can be spending around $2,000 a year on charges and interest for crisis temporary funds. The guy thought this is problems that necessary correcting.
His PayActiv team allows professionals get access to that money they have already earned. So at many companies today – like Lee’s known Recipe poultry therefore the country’s most significant exclusive market company, Walmart – employees download an app with their phone. It is associated with PayActiv and to the payroll system of the manager.
“very let’s say they have currently generated $900” by getting $100 everyday for nine times, says Shah. But payroll still is 5 days away as well as have to have the funds overnight. Shaw says they opened the software and “they will see a variety that will be 1 / 2 of the amount they will have attained this is certainly handy for them.”
So if needed $400 for an automobile maintenance or a trip to check out a sick sibling, they tap various buttons and also the cash becomes zapped their checking account or a prepaid card. In addition to charge try $5. (Some companies shell out the charge or a percentage from it.) And lots of workers are determining that is a much better choice than obtaining trapped in a cycle of obligations with high priced payday advance loan.
The software even offers some imaginative ways to nudge staff members to develop savings profile so they really’re perhaps not chronically strapped for earnings. The system utilizes some methods rooted in behavioral economics. Shah states it asks people to place, state, a couple of hours of wages each week into economy, because staff react far better to that rather than a dollar amount.
This type of methods are essential, of course, because difficulty businesses like PayActiv are trying to manage is not just certainly staff members not receiving paid-in time for you to spend some debts. It really is a far more difficult difficulties concerning the issues plenty People in the us deal with of controlling and keeping above her finances amid the rest of the issues of day to day life.
“rather candidly, a lot of America is actually live paycheck to paycheck and that’s not a socioeconomic difficulties, that is an United states problem,” says Daniel Eckert, a Walmart senior vice-president. “That covers several socioeconomic tuition whether you’re an hourly relate or a management associate.”
“I really consider its game-changing,” says Laura Scherler, the manager of monetary security and triumph in the United means. She claims various other businesses make use of companies to provide workers actual financial loans – more than simply an advance on many hours they’ve currently worked. Those receives a commission right back over lengthier durations with interest.
Customers advocates say Nevada title loans employers needs to be cautious to make sure that their employees are getting much. But Scherler claims there are close lower-cost loan solutions. “There appears to be a few things coming together now that renders this actually interesting. I believe businesses tend to be increasingly conscious financial stress impacts their employees.”
And professionals appear really aware of that too. Significantly more than 100 firms have finally signed up with PayActiv. A Walmart exec claims there has been an “extraordinary” reaction from employees. More than 200,000 Walmart personnel are today with the program. | <urn:uuid:b6f3771e-45fb-4ebe-8c7c-b9a61fd36ccb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mrtomenglish.com/walmart-as-well-as-others-offer-people-cash/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.973131 | 1,418 | 1.585938 | 2 |
A popular Real Estate tax break 1031 exchange may be wiped out.
Wednesday Jun 14th, 2017
The 1031 exchange, a tax break used extensively in the commercial real estate industry, could disappear if a lower tax rate is passed by Congress.
The tax break gives sellers of real estate and other asset types the opportunity to defer capital gains taxes by reinvesting in “like-kind” properties. But lobbyists and Capitol Hill officials working on tax legislation have told the Wall Street Journal that, even if a sweeping federal tax overhaul doesn’t go ahead this year, a more modest tax-rate cut may still wipe out the tax advantage.
Some members of Congress are looking at cutting the 1031 exchange to finance the rate cut, according to the newspaper. The exchange was threatened by the House Republicans’ tax-overhaul plan dubbed “Better Way,” but that particular plan included some attractive provisions for the real estate industry. Real estate lobbyists now claim that, with Better Way less likely to be passed this year, the industry may now lose the break without any sweeteners.
Like-kind exchanges are used in between 10 and 20 percent of commercial real estate transactions, according to advisory firm Green Street.
Jeffrey DeBoer, chief executive of lobbyist group Real Estate Roundtable, told the Journal that losing the 1031 exchange would “cause a lot of transactions not to occur.”
The Trump administration revealed its tax reform plan in April, proposing massive cuts to individual, corporate and other business taxes.
The plan may render the country’s mortgage-interest tax deduction useless to as many as 25 million Americans, according to analysis last month from property-data provider Trulia. | <urn:uuid:fe3c648c-de26-47bf-9bb3-651f7f0c32b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crossborderpropertymanagement.com/a-popular-real-estate-tax-break-1031-exchange-may-be-wiped-out | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.937563 | 351 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Editor’s note: In addition to this written synopsis, video recordings of “Decolonizing Economics Summit: The 3rd Annual Post-Capitalism Conference” sessions are now available here.
The third annual Post-Capitalism Conference took place this past weekend — with one major shift from previous years: the conference is now titled “Decolonizing Economics,” and far from being a simple title change, the theme of decolonization was quite prominently weaved through the entirety of summit’s sessions.
Decolonizing Economics was anchored by the Wiyot Tribe, Cooperation Humboldt, Cal Poly Humboldt faculty, and a number of different sponsors — including Shareable. During the 3-day virtual summit, community members and practitioners gathered to share information and experiences, strengthen alliances and networks, explore decolonial strategies, and uplift practical solutions to healing the land and people.
Ted Hernandez, Tribal Chief of the Wiyot Tribe, opened the summit by giving a traditional blessing and then sharing the history of the Wiyot tribe, emphasizing the importance of knowing the history of the peoples whose lands we are on. “It’s a history that people don’t want to talk about, but we need to,” Hernandez said.
And it is indeed a very dark history — as became abundantly clear when Hernandez shared the story of the Wiyot Massacre, which occurred in February of 1860. The massacre occurred as tribal members participated in their annual world renewal ceremony on Tuluwat island — just across from Eureka in Arcata Bay. Men, women, and children were ambushed by white settlers who then proceeded to murder hundreds of Wiyot people with axes, knives, and guns. “They pretty much annihilated the Wiyot tribe that night,” Hernandez said.
For over a century afterward, Tuluwat Island was under the control of white settlers and was used as a staging ground for boat repairs and other activities which left the island full of toxic materials like asbestos and lead paint. It wasn’t until 2012 when the Wiyot tribe, after years of appeals, were finally given parts of their land back — on what is now known as Indian Island — by the city of Eureka. In a bittersweet full circle, the tribe was finally able to complete their renewal ceremony of 1860 that ended so abruptly in bloodshed. Today, the entire island has been returned to the Wiyot — it’s one of the most successful examples of land rematriation in the United States.
Indigenous people all over are not able to perform their ceremonies on their sacred lands. It’s important that we give the land back to bring the balance back to the world — it’s what makes our world more round. — Ted Hernandez, Tribal Chief of the Wiyot Tribe
David Cobb, one of the lead organizers of the summit and part of Cooperation Humboldt’s core team, has been working closely with the Wiyot now for years and is currently serving as Department Head of the Dishgamu Humboldt Community Land Trust. “I am an uninvited guest on Wiyot ancestral territory,” Cobb explained. “Working on this summit is helping me to learn how to live appropriately and in right relationship on this land.”
As part of this right relationship, Cooperation Humbold pays an Honor Tax — 1% of their entire gross revenue— to the Wiyot people for the right to be on their land.
“The Wiyot tribe has been involved with this conference from the beginning, though this year the Tribal Council voted unanimously to sign on as a co-anchor of the summit,” Nicola Walters, coordinator of the summit, told Shareable. “This is because of the deepening relationships between Cooperation Humboldt and the Wiyot, as well as the summit organizers and the tribe.”
Walters is a lecturer in the Politics Department at Cal Poly Humboldt, a labor organizer with the California Faculty Association, and a founding member of Higher Ed Labor United. She started working with the conference last year when she saw that something needed to be done to address the socio-economic crises facing higher education.
She explained that the decision to center decolonization at this year’s summit was made intentionally, in order to expand the conference’s focus: “The idea of post-capitalism gets us somewhere, but then we have to ask: What are we trying to accomplish? Yes, let’s end capitalism, but what’s on the other side?”
What is to be done?
The summit’s opening session was followed by a session titled “What is to be done?” — named after the famous political pamphlet written by Vladimir Lenin. The pamphlet outlined a skeletal plan for going beyond individual battles for higher wages and decent working hours, moving towards a plan for restructuring all of society. In this historical moment at the conjuncture of ecological collapse and late-stage capitalism, speakers Yvonne Yen Liu (Solidarity Research Center), Richard Wolff (Democracy at Work), Jessica Alvarez-Parfrey (Transition US), and Kali Akuno (Cooperation Jackson) again explored the question: what is to be done?
Zooming from Los Angeles, Yvonne Yen Liu began the discussion with a conversation about municipalism, putting an emphasis on building stronger cities defined by direct democracy, feminism, and anti-capitalist principles. “We have the social conditions that are ripe for a municipal movement that will stitch together all the autonomous institutions, organizations, and grassroots groups that are working across the city to create a city-wide People’s Platform similar to what Barcelona en Comu (Barcelona in Common) in 2015,” Liu hypothesized.
One of the main themes of Liu’s presentation was the importance of connecting the dots: “People are already organized in networks, we just want to connect the disparate nodes — a network of self-organized movements.”
This is essentially the concept of trans-localism, which frames the cooperation cities movement that includes organizations like Cooperation Humboldt, Cooperation Jackson, and Cooperation Richmond here in the Bay Area, among others.
Liu ended by inviting the audience to the launch of the Municipalism learning series on May Day (May 1st), with a panel of all-star speakers and a party with music and food. More info can be found at municipalism.org and losangelesforall.org.
Speaking on the pervasive impact colonialism has had on our collective wellbeing and greater societal consciousness, Wolf explained how the act of decolonizing should be applied to every aspect of our lives — not limited to the arena of economics.
We need to decolonize not only in terms of all the settler economies and colonialisms of the last umpteen centuries — we also need to decolonize our minds, because they too have been colonized. — economics professor, Richard Wolff
“Our ways of thinking about everything — especially economics — have been colonized by a tradition of thought that is much more deeply lodged in the minds of people like us than most of us are most of the time willing to acknowledge or admit,” Wolff said.
Wolff’s presentation centered on breaking the hold of colonialism in the way that we think — particularly in terms of how we think about economics. “The entirety of the economics profession assumes that capitalism as a system is somehow intrinsically necessary or natural,” Wolff lamented. “It’s not.”
This is an idea that political and cultural theorist Mark Fisher called capitalist realism: the idea there is no alternative to capitalism.
“We need to break the hold of this assumption — that this arrangement is the only way,” Wolff explained. “We need to regain the wisdom of people who live other ways — many Indigenous communities.”
This sentiment was expanded on further by the next speaker, Jessica Alvarez-Parfrey. Alvarez-Parfrey is the Executive Director of Transition US. In her introduction, she recounted sitting in an Econ 101 class learning about the Tragedy of the Commons and “losing her mind.”
We are literally unable to see the confines of the capitalist system has put on us — these blinders that we only see one progression as our destiny and which are imposed through violence. — Transition US Executive Director, Jessica Alvarez-Parfrey
“We are so new at this, we are unprepared for the massive complexity of all of these relationships that we are having to navigate — especially since a very small number of people have been in charge of wiring in the assumptions and designing the architecture, Alvarez-Parfrey said.”
Transition US is working on a 3-year campaign titled “Regeneration Nation,” with the aim of exploring colonial harms, histories, and structural inequities while focusing on the beautiful promise of regenerative design. They’re also organizing a Fall 2022 Week of Action, in an effort to celebrate stories of resilience, struggle, innovation, and collaboration. The celebration is set to kick off on October 10, Indigenous People’s Day.
The final “What is to be done?” session was facilitated by Kali Akuno of Cooperation Jackson, who highlighted the need for an integrated, unified collective.
“The right-wing is creating a consolidated block — where is ours?” Akuno asked, while emphasizing the need to federate all of our various projects.
People are already doing many things, the issue and the challenge that we have is how do we combine this? How do we organically construct a political program around it that enables us to build collective power and capacity? — Kali Akuno of Cooperation Jackson
“That is the challenge…there’s tons of stuff going on, we’re just not connected, Akuno said.”
The rest of the day included sessions on Dishgamu Humboldt Community Land Trust, local public banking, and the screening of the films “El Cacao: The Challenge of Fair Trade” and “No Place to Grow.”
What is post-capitalism?
The second day of the conference began with an exploration of what post-capitalism actually means — an important question for a summit with the same title.
Emily Kawano, co-director of the Wellspring Cooperative Corporation and the US Solidarity Economy Network, started things off by giving a definition of what capitalism is: “A lack of clarity of what capitalism is can easily lead to just reforming and thereby strengthening capitalism,” Kawano warned. “Clarity about the long-term vision helps to ensure we’re building transformative reform.”
Kawano’s definition of capitalism came from the Center for Popular Economics:
With capitalism’s definition established, the space was open for a discussion of what post-capitalism is — some examples that were explored include worker co-ops, mutual aid, time banks, community land trusts, participatory budgeting, credit unions, public banking, and electric co-ops.
Kawano’s presentation was followed by presentations by Will Fisher, an assistant professor of Economics at Cal Poly Humboldt, and Jerome Scott, a labor organizer and former director of Project South.
I would have really liked to hear a lot more about what post-capitalism could look like, and what it currently looks like, but in lieu of tangible historical and emergent examples of post-capitalism, much of Fisher and Scott’s presentations existed in a pretty abstract framing around the need to move from capitalism to socialism to communism. The ensuing panel discussion dived deeper into these abstract questions, though brief discussions of liberated zones and solidarity economies were mentioned.
I suppose it’s difficult to have a concrete discussion around something as nebulous as post-capitalism, but as Kawano touched on in her presentation, there are certainly many examples to point to.
What role does art play?
The next couple of days provided several thought-provoking and exciting sessions: People’s Network for Land & Liberation, Decolonizing Restoration, Non-Reformist Reforms: The Intersection of Electoral Politics & Solidarity Economy, Cooperative Cannabis for Post-Capitalist Communities, Carbon Supremacy, False Equivalencies, and Corporate Impunity, Labor and Organizing in Higher Education, and The Intersection of White Supremacy, Capitalism & Settler-Colonialism — all of which were recorded and will be available online.
One of the most unique sessions explored the role of art and culture in building a post-capitalist society and featured artists Stephanie McMillan, Michelle Hernandez, Kwame Braxton, and Shamako Noble.
Kwame Braxton and Shamako Noble opened the session with spoken word poetry and then took a deep dive into how art can subvert capitalism and provide inspiration for a post-capitalist future.
One way to weaken the enemy is to highlight their weaknesses through art — art can reveal the true horrors of the system—visual artist Stephanie McMillan
“[Art] can build connections, strengthen communities, present positions and make arguments, start conversations about the problems of the day, and it can also assert emancipatory visions of the future,” McMillan said.
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McMillan argued that whatever we decide to do has to first be imagined. This sentiment is a great encapsulation of the post-capitalism conference as a whole — another world is possible, and we were gathered together to imagine what it could look like.
According to Nikola Walters, with over one thousand participants — up from 500 last year — the conference exceeded the organizers’ expectations.
“The summit created a space for incredible conversations, coalition building, transformative thinking, and inspiration,” Walters told Shareable. “The relationship that has been growing between the Wiyot Tribe and Cooperation Humboldt is a testament to what we have been trying to create through these conferences. We are trying to deepen relationships, strengthen communities, connect across differences and actually work together for the future we all deserve. And, we are actually seeing how this conference can help that work.” | <urn:uuid:2d9734cb-44c2-4bda-a221-54b1aecd22e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shareable.net/post-capitalism-conference/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.951632 | 2,987 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Given the rise in tech jobs, with a projected 531,200 expected to be added by 2029, there will be plenty of need for Product Managers for years to come. Product Managers are both the brains behind an operation and the glue that holds everything together. They’re responsible for ensuring a product is conceived, designed, and executed in a way that meets their organizations’ objectives.
Your salary as a Product Manager will vary based on where you are and the company you work for. Below, we’ll explore the salary expectations for Product Managers, how they vary by location, the role’s responsibilities, and more.
How much do Product Managers make?
On average, a Product Manager in the United States makes around $87,600 a year. Still, your salary largely depends on what type of Product Manager you are. For example, an IT Product Manager can expect an average of $102,469, while a Senior Product Manager averages $117,805.
As we said earlier, your salary as a Product Manager will also vary based on the company you work for. For example, a Product Manager at Infosys earns $102,562 a year, and if you work at Cognizant Technology Solutions, you may make a similar figure of $100,000.
- The scope of your responsibilities
- The market value of the products you work on
- Other benefits and compensation factors like bonuses and stock options
How much do Product Managers make in the Northeast?
The salary for Product Managers is higher than average in the Northeast, which makes sense given the thriving business centers and tech companies that call that area of the country home. For example, in New York City, the average Product Manager makes $93,816 a year.
How much do Product Managers make on the West Coast?
Salaries are also well above average on the West Coast. In California, for example, the average salary for Product Managers is $105,500 — almost $18,000 more than the national average.
How much do Product Managers make in the Midwest?
The pay drops a little in the Midwest, most likely due to lower living expenses and fewer tech giants than you’d find on the left and right sides of the nation. For instance, a Product Manager in Ohio makes an average of $80,000 a year, and in Wisconsin, you can expect to earn about $79,000.
The salary for Product Managers in Michigan jumps back up to near the national average at $84,500, likely due to Michigan tech companies like THiNC.technology and car manufacturers, such as Ford Motor Company and General Motors. These companies have a steady need for software development.
What does a Product Manager do?
A Product Manager is in charge of ensuring a solution and its execution meet the high-level objectives provided by management. One of the first things they do is meet with executives and other stakeholders to understand what they’re looking to achieve.
As a Product Manager, you may also meet with IT admins and developers before beginning a project to ensure you have the technology and processes in place to develop a solution efficiently and on time.
Once the groundwork has been laid, a Product Manager earns their pay by ensuring each phase of the development process runs smoothly. This involves working with different workflow management processes, people, and technologies.
Working within an agile framework
Characterized by their flexibility, agile frameworks have become one of the most popular workflow management processes. You’re probably already familiar with the “waterfall” approach, which is typically more linear and structured as each step of the development process needs to be completed before moving onto the next. Within agile frameworks, Product Managers regularly gather feedback from their teams and adjust plans along the way.
Agile frameworks can also involve more collaboration between departments. For example, a Product Manager may meet with various stakeholders, from Designers to Security and Network Admins, to ensure their solutions are aligned with their goals.
As you can see, Product Managers can expect a decent income regardless of location. Their competitive salaries stem from their crucial role in the development process, keeping their teams aligned and ensuring everything runs smoothly.
Still, as a Product Manager, you’ll need to know how the tools of the trade are used to create solutions. Because product management can encompass several disciplines, it’s best to have a diverse body of knowledge. A good place to start is in some of the following courses, all of which can help you gain the skills and background knowledge you’ll need to manage teams that depend on the tools you’ll learn about:
While learning how to use the tools above, you’ll also gain a better understanding of how developers work and think, allowing you to find new ways to motivate and collaborate with your teams. We’ll also give you the chance to build and bolster your professional portfolio, positioning you to bring in a great salary, regardless of where or for which company you work. You can get started for free by signing up today. | <urn:uuid:753f300b-7c0c-4e9b-8ac7-70def56e3ecb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skillacademy.com.ng/how-much-does-a-product-manager-make/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952875 | 1,051 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Glow Light Tetra - A Lovely and Peaceful Member of Your Community Tank
Brings live to your community tanks
Many freshwater fish-keepers have a warm spot in their heart for a little fish with a big name, the 1 ½-inch hemigrammus erythrozonus? or mush easier to say, the glowlight tetra. Like its little cousin, the neon tetra, the glowlight is an easy fish to keep in a community tank. In fact, many neon keepers, tired of battling neon disease, move towards the glowlight tetra.
The glowlight tetra is pastel peach in color with a horizontal red-gold stripe that spans the length of its body. Originating in Guyana, South America, the glowlight does well in a fresh water tank of slightly acid but peat-softened water that is kept between 74F and 82F. Glowlight tetras generally occupy the bottom third of the tank, except for feeding time when they will swim to the top.
The male glowlight tetra is more slender bodied than his mate, although it may be difficult to tell them apart until the female is full of eggs. Glowlight tetras are easier to breed than many other tetras like the neon and the cardinal tetra. However, providing them with a soft water environment is a critical factor for breeding. In fact, when breeding glowlight tetras, it may help to erect a special breeding tank. After your females have laid their eggs, you will need to remove adult fish from the tank until the fry hatch since glowlights have been known to eat their own eggs. Glowlights scatter their eggs among fine-leaved live plants. Clean, fresh water and live foods can encourage breeding. However, when changing water, be careful that you don't remove so much that it causes your tank to recycle.
Like many tetras, the glowlight tetra is a schooling fish and prefers to swim in the company of at least seven of its peers. Another common characteristic of many tetras is sensitivity to bright light. Lighting in a glowlight tetra aquarium should be filtered. This is easily achieved with aquarium plants. Artificial plants will suffice (unless you intend to breed your fish), but the glowlight tetra finds that real plants are a delicacy along with its usual fare of tropical flake food, tubifex worms, and brine shrimp.
Housetraining Tips for Your Dog or Puppy
Puppies need to go to the bathroom after they play, chew, drink, eat or sleep. Start by putting them on a leash and tethering them to you. That way you can be aware of them when they start sniffing the ground (usually a cue the puppy needs to go potty). Pick them up and carry them outside. When they go potty, tell them "good potty" and give a cookie as a reward. Do not let your puppy off leash until they have finished going so they get into the habit of going potty, then playing. Many puppies will want to go outside just to play if you let them off leash first.
It is always sad when a beloved animal family member leaves their body and goes into spirit. We call this death, but truly, no one dies. The physical body drops away as the spirit separates from it and goes into another dimension. The spirit is the being that we truly love, although we may be attached to the physical aspect that we associated with that being. Since we are still in physical, we often miss the sight, touch and smell of our friend and we grieve this loss, which is appropriate.
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As a pet owner, no doubt you want to give your dog or cat the best care possible. And caring for your pet means feeding him the best diet you can. By making your own pet foods, you'll be saving money, up to 80%. And to top it off, it's easy; making pet food at home is probably a lot less time-consuming than you may have thought. With hundreds of websites offering free pet food recipes online, it's now easier than ever to make your own pet food.
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Adopting A Dog
You know what it's like. You see a cute curly haired puppy in the pet store, with big brown eyes begging for your attention. Next thing you know, you're walking down the pet food aisle at the supermarket buying dinner for your new puppy. It's not hard to get sucked in by a puppy. However, sharing your home with a four-legged friend can be one of life's greatest pleasures.
I have a business card burning a hole in my Rolodex. It's from an animal communicator. Someone who allegedly interprets mental pictures from animals. I love my dog dearly. He communicates with very expressive eyes and I don't seem to have much trouble" getting" him. But because I'm so attached to him I've been toying with the idea of going that step further to find out what's really in his mind. So why don't I?
Horse Training Creativeness: The 5th Of 6 Keys To Developing A Partnership With Your Horse
The 6 Keys To Building A Life Long Partnership With YourHorse.
Adopt A Pet
In order to add love and affection to their lives, many people look into where they can adopt a pet. A number of neglected and deserted animals end up in shelters that house them until someone is looking to adopt a pet or the shelter can no longer care for them. Adopting a pet of any kind from a shelter or animal rescue service is a great way to get a pet with medical treatment as well as the spaying or neutering of the animal. When you adopt a pet from a shelter or rescue that provides these kinds of services, you often save money on the care that the pet received while in the shelter or rescue's care than you would have if you had taken the animal to the vet on your own.
Tips to Help Solve the Three Most Common Dog Barking Complaints
Many dog owners find themselves frustrated, deeply concerned and even embarrassed by their dog's constant barking. Currently, there are approximately 63 million dogs owned by 44 million Americans. And just over one third of those owners complain of excessive barking.
Greyhound Adoption ? Great Dogs, Great Cause
Dog Trick To Cure A Nuisance Barker: Training Buddy to ?Speak? on Command
All breeds and sizes of dogs can be taught easily to speak, and the way to go about it is to call your dog, show him a treat and say "Speak." He will not understand what you mean and will probably at first jump for it, and then sit down and eye it attentively; finally, he will get impatient and utter a sharp bark, which is what you have been waiting for, and the instant he does so reward him with the treat.
Dog Training Basics
All positive commands should be spoken sharply and distinctly during training. Make sure you also use a positive tone. Your dog will recognize your moods and associate them to their behavior by your tone of voice.
Is Pet Insurance Right For Your Pet?
Trying to decide if you should get insurance on your pet? There are of course pro's and con's to it. Years ago I decided to try it out. I thought, if something happened, it would be a good decision to have it. Some plans will cover basic vet care and heartworm and things like that. Read through the information below and make a decision for you and your beloved pets.
Vet Check - Well-Bird Check Up
I know there are differing opinions on the subject of well-bird check ups. Some people believe in having your apparently healthy parrot checked out once a year by a qualified avian vet, while others claim that taking a health bird into a vet office exposes them to "germies" they might not otherwise be exposed to. I am not going to lecture you on either. That is your choice. I am lucky enough to have a mobile avian vet that visits my house and I do have my parrots checked out once a year. But, you do what you think is right.
Training Your Dog to Sit
Training your dog to "sit" is probably the first thing you will train your puppy to do. I write puppy because you can start the training as soon as the puppy has settled in his new home. You might think this isn't that important, a dog knows how to sit. Well, I think it is very important. Read on and you will found out why and how to train your dog to sit.
Seeing Past Cuteness When Selecting the Best Dog Breed For You: Part 2 of 3
Are there so many great dog breeds out there that you just can't decide where to begin? If so, let's break it down and sort through all the options. In Part 2 of this 3 Part Series, we'll continue looking at the seven Groups of dogs that are acknowledged by the American Kennel Club. We'll learn what it is that brings various breeds together to form a Group. Learning about each Group will narrow down our search for the best Breed(s) for us.
|© Athifea Distribution LLC - 2013| | <urn:uuid:84daf5ef-9908-4824-ad8b-12246798d863> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.1001topwords.com/marketing1/pets/56681.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.965035 | 2,225 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Take a unique music journey with host and MSO cellist Nicholas Bochner. Nicholas, together with the musicians of the MSO, deconstructs famous classical pieces so that you understand the context, history and story behind these well-known works. You will get into the mind of the composer, hear the musicians perform what is being explained, and dive into the pieces.
This program is proudly supported by TarraWarra Estate, who we’ve worked with to develop a ‘perfect pairing’ of classical works with selected wines for a truly multisensory home listening experience.
The videos will stay online permanently so you can re-watch them, share them with your friends, or play at a time that suits. | <urn:uuid:149bfcd2-a326-4799-bcf1-d73c9f1d8275> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lb-02.msohosting.net/learning/adults/ears-wide-open/ears-wide-open-online | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.948405 | 151 | 1.515625 | 2 |
High hopes are held for the advances of big data, learning analytics and AI to benefit children’s education. To ensure these serve children’s interests, our review of policy and practice in combination with new school-centred user research will generate recommendations for child-rights-respecting data governance mechanisms that can unlock the potential of education data.
Managing EdTech and education data constitutes a significant and increasing pressure that individual schools must bear, resulting in uncertainties over – or more likely, failings in – the protection of children’s personal data and its uses for their benefit. This report reveals the problems concerning risks-benefits calculation in choosing EdTech, schools’ limited control over data and limited guidance and resources. The report voices schools’ calls for change in response to these problems.
The Digital Futures Commission (DFC) held an expert roundtable discussion to discuss current governance and practice in processing children’s education data. It offers an insight into our unfolding work on beneficial uses of children’s education data and reflects work in progress. The discussion will shape the DFC’s ongoing research on governance gaps and stakeholder responsibilities and contribute to a blueprint for education data governance in 2022.
Governance of data for children’s learning in the UK state schools reports on significant regulatory and implementation gaps in data processing in education contexts. To bridge these gaps, the report identifies potential governance and oversight options for discussion. These options range from EdTech procurement rules for schools, legally binding (EdTech) sector-specific guidance, and codes of practice and standards.
Children’s biometric data and AI-driven technologies are increasingly used for purposes such as making meal payments and measuring attention, engagement, and emotion in schools. These »
By Sarah Turner The Digital Futures Commission launched its report entitled Education Data Reality in its breakfast briefing on the 29th June 2022. The launch »
By Kruakae Pothong, Ayça Atabey, Sarah Turner and Sonia Livingstone The Digital Futures Commission (DFC) is launching its ‘Education data reality: The challenges for schools »
By Ioanna Noula “By 2030 the largest company on the internet is going to be an education-based company that we haven’t heard of yet.“ A »
Education budgets are tied to how well a school performs, as demonstrated by data. Education data interoperability is called for to maintain institutional legitimacy and »
By Sarah Turner Over the last few years, almost every person with caring responsibilities for children has been aware of the significant role digital technologies » | <urn:uuid:720f37d7-ca60-476f-8f0b-0897df552a06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalfuturescommission.org.uk/beneficial-uses-of-education-data/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.92362 | 538 | 2.296875 | 2 |
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ceitful do all these dreams of happiness often prove! While many are saying in secret to their hearts, To-morrow shall be as this day, and more abundantly, we are obliged in return to say to them, Boast not thyself of tomorrow, for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth. I do not mean that in the unknown prospect which lies before us, we should forbode to ourselves nothing but misfortunes. - May it be the pleasure of Heaven that this year run on in a placid and tranquil tenour to us all!- But this I in such foresight of futurity as we are allowed to take, we may reckon upon it as certain, that this year shall prove to us, as many past have proved, a checquered scene of some comforts and some troubles. In what proportion one or other of these shall prevail in it; whether, when it ends, it shall leave with us the memory of joys or of sorrows, is to be determined by him in whose hands our times are. Our wisdom is to be prepared for whatever the year is to bring ; prepared to receive comforts with thankfulness, troubles with fortitude; and to improve both for the great purposes of virtue and eternal life.
ANOTHER important instruction which naturally arises from our times not being in our own hands is, that we ought no longer to trifle with what is not in our power to prolong: but that we should make haste to live as wise men; not delaying till to-morrow what may be done to-day; doing now with all our might whatever our hand findeth to do; before that night cometh wherein no man can work.
Amidst the uncertainty of the events which are before us, there is one thing we have too much reason to believe, namely, that of us who are now assembled in this congregation, and who have seen the year begin, there are some who shall not survive to see it close. Whether it shall be you, or you, or I, who shall be gathered to our fathers before the revolving year has finished its round, God alone knows. Our times are in his hand! — But to our place, it is more than probable that some of us shall have gone. Could we foretell the month, or the day, on which our change was to happen, how diligent would we be in setting our house in order, and preparing ourselves to appear before our Maker! Surely, that ought to be prepared for with most care, concerning which we are ignorant how soon it is to take place. Let us therefore walk circumspectly, and redeem the time. Let us dismiss those trivial and superfluous cares which burden or corrupt our life, in order to attend to what is of highest importance to us as men and Christians. The beginning of each carry to us all a solemn admonition of our folly in neglecting to improve suitably the years that are past. It should call up mis-spent time into our view; and be like the hand coming forth upon the wall, in the days of Belshazzar, and writing in legible characters over against us, “ man! thy days are numbered; “ thou art weighed in the balance, and found want
ing; take care lest thy kingdom be on the point “ of departing from thee."
When we consider, in the next place, that our times, as I before illustrated, are in the hand of God as a sovereign Disposer, it is an obvious inference from this truth, that we should prepare ourselves to submit patiently to his pleasure, both as to the events which are to fill up our days, and as to the time of our continuing in this world. To contend with him we know to be fruitless. The word that is gone out of his mouth must stand. In the path which he has marked out for us, whether it be short or long, rugged or smooth, we must walk. Is it not then the dictate of wisdom, that we should previously reconcile ourselves to this sovereign ordination, and bring our minds to harmonize with what is appointed to be our destiny? Let us mortify this temper, by recalling that reflection of the wise man; who knoweth what is good for man in this life; all the days of his vain life which he spendeth as a shadow ? *
To enjoy long life, and see many days, is the universal wish; and, as the wish is prompted by nature, it cannot be in itself unlawful. At the same time, several circumstances concur to temper the eagerness of this wish; and to show us that it should always be formed under due submission to the wiser judgment of Heaven.
among us can tell whether, in wishing for the continuance of many years on earth, we may not be only wishing for a prolongation of distress and misery ? - You might live, my friends, till you had undergone lingering rounds of severe pain, from which death would have proved a seasonable deliverance. You might live till your breasts were pierced with many a wound from public calamities or private sorrows. You might live till you beheld the death of all whom you had loved ;
survived all those who love you; till
you were left as desolate strangers on earth in the midst of a new race, who neither knew you, nor cared for you, but who wished you off the stage.
* Eccles. vi. 12,
Of a nature so ambiguous are all the
prospects which life sets before us, that in every wish we form relating to them, much reason we have to be satisfied that our times are in the hands of God, rather than
Tuis consideration is greatly strengthened, when, in the last place, we think of God, acting, not as a Sovereign only, but as a Guardian, in the disposal of our times. This is our great consolation in looking forward to futurity. To God as a wise Ruler, calm submission is due; but it is more than submission that belongs to him as a merciful father; it is the spirit of cordial and affectionate consent to his will. Unknown to us as the times to come are, it should be sufficient to our full repose that they are known to God. The day and the hour which are fixed in his counsels for our dismission from life, we ought to be persuaded are fixed for the best; and that any longer we should not wish to remain.
When we see that last hour drawing nigh, though our spirits may be composed on our own account, yet, on account of our friends and families, no little anxiety and sorrow may be sometimes apt to take possession of the mind. Long we have enjoyed the comfort of their society, and been accustomed to consider them as parts of ourselves. To be parted from them for ever is, at any rate, a bitter thought; but to the bitterness of this, is over and above added the apprehension of their suffering much by our death. We leave many a relation, perhaps may leave young children, and a helpless family, behind us, to be exposed to various dangers, and thrown forth on an unfriendly world. Such virtuous anxieties often op
press the tender and feeling heart at the closing periods of life. - My brethren, look up to that God, in whose hand the times of your fathers were; whose hand the times of your posterity shall be. Recollect for your comfort, the experience of ages. When were the righteous utterly forsaken by God in times past? Why should they be forsaken by him in times to come? Well did he govern the world before you had a being in it: Well shall he continue to govern it after you are no more. No cause have you, therefore, to oppress your minds with the load of unknown futurity. Commit your cares to a father in heaven. Surrender your life, your friends, and your family, to that God who hath said, The children of his servants shall continue, and their seed shall be established before him.*- Leave thy fatherless children, I will preserve them alive; and let thy widows trust in me. t
I HAVE thus shown what the import is, and what the improvement should be, of the doctrine of the text, that our times are in the hand of God. It asserts a fact, the truth of which can be called in question by none; a fact which, whether persons have any sentiments of religion or not, is calculated to make a serious impression on every mind; especially at seasons when the revolution of years gives us warning that our duration on earth is measured, and advances toward its period. To persons who are religiously disposed, who study to improve life to its proper purposes, to do their duty towards God and man, and through the merits of their Redeemer to ob
* Psalm cii. 28.
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“Omicron’s BA.5 subvariant is the worst version of the virus we have seen. This takes the already important immune evasion to the next level. – Dr. Eric Topol, Founder and Director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute
The highly infectious and immune-resistant subvariant of Omicron BA.5 is now dominant in much of the world and is fueling a new wave of infections, hospitalizations, weakening with Long COVID and deaths. Since hitting a low on May 30, the official seven-day average of new daily cases worldwide has nearly doubled to 926,123.
While Europe is currently the epicenter of the BA.5 outbreak, in recent weeks cases have risen precipitously in countries around the world, including Bolivia, Guatemala, Mexico, Tunisia, Iraq, in Australia, New Zealand, Japan and more.
The official infection figures in each country are significant undercounts. Over the past seven months, the political establishment and corporate media in almost every country outside of China have falsely claimed that Omicron is “soft” and dismantled testing and data-tracking systems. While telling everyone it was safe to take their masks off, they universally embraced the mantra that society must “learn to live with the virus” without ever explaining the true implications of this new reality.
Masses of people are not living with the coronavirus. They die or are weakened by COVID-19. The new status quo, enforced by relentless propaganda and economic duress, means populations can expect recurring waves of COVID-19 at increasingly frequent intervals. As many experts have predicted and the World Socialist Website warned since last year, two or three waves of infections and reinfections each year are becoming the norm.
Despite the fact that the European Union has one of the highest vaccination rates in the world, the entire continent is experiencing a massive wave of infections, with hospitalizations and deaths rising alongside it. Per capita, the most affected countries in Europe are now France, Italy and Greece.
In France, an average of 127,212 people are officially infected every day, more than eight times compared to the low reached on June 13. In the past week alone, hospital admissions for COVID-19 have increased by 40% in France, while this figure has increased by more than 20% in several other European countries. Over the past three weeks, official deaths from COVID-19 have almost doubled in France and Spain, while in the EU deaths have increased by 60%.
In Greece, the seven-day average of daily new cases has increased almost fivefold over the past month and now stands at 17,750 cases per day. More than 2,000 people are currently hospitalized with COVID-19 across the country, and official COVID-19 deaths have more than doubled in less than a month. In an effort to cover up the increasingly dire situation, this week the National Public Health Organization (EODY) switched from a daily report to a weekly report.
In Italy, an average of 104,078 people are now officially infected with COVID-19 every day, more than six times since June 3. According to official figures, more than 11% of all new cases are now reinfections of people previously infected with COVID-19, the highest figure to date. Official deaths from COVID-19 have doubled in the past month.
In the United States, BA.5 became dominant at the end of June. While the number of official infections has hovered just above 100,000 cases a day for the past two months, the true figure has been estimated to be up to six times higher. Test positivity climbed to 18% nationwide from a low of 2% in March. Official COVID-19 deaths are starting to rise again, with Los Angeles County reporting a doubling in the average number of daily deaths over the past week and other cities reporting similar increases.
Virologists and infectious disease experts are notably concerned about BA.5 due to its enhanced immune evasion properties and ability to cause reinfections and breakthrough infections. A preprint A study from the Kirby Institute in Australia also found that tissue tropism of BA.5, or its ability to infect cells, appears to promote increased infection of the lungs instead of the upper respiratory tract, leading to increased disease severity. in animal models. Their study also revealed that BA.5 produces a higher viral load than all other Omicron subvariants.
What can people expect from “living with COVID,” in which massive waves of infection and reinfection hit global society at least twice a year?
A recent preprint study by Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly, et al. from Washington University in St. Louis, found that people with reinfections compared to those with just a single prior infection had a doubling in all-cause mortality, as well as heart and respiratory disease . They faced a triple risk of hospitalization after the end of the acute phase of their infection. Three or more infections cumulatively worsened, affecting all major organs and metabolic systems in the human body.
With massive waves of infection, which are actually infecting hundreds of millions if not billions of people, as happened last winter, tens of millions more patients will develop persistent symptoms known as Long COVID, which can affect around 10 to 30 percent of those infected. Previous vaccinations minimize these risks, and reinfections continue to predispose to acquiring Long COVID. A third of people with Long COVID may face such debilitating consequences that they are unable to care for and support themselves or their families.
The latest real-world data on the rise of BA.5 and recent scientific studies once again expose the lie that the coronavirus will evolve to become milder and harmless. The current global outbreak of infections is occurring against a backdrop of high levels of population immunity to previous infections or vaccinations, debunking any notion that “herd immunity” will ever be achieved with existing vaccines or by the homicidal strategy of allowing the virus to spread unchecked.
New variants are now waiting in the wings. Omicron BA.2.75 has been detected in several countries, with most cases seen so far in India. BA.5 offshoots are steadily increasing in Germany (BA.5.3.1), the UK (BA.5.1) and elsewhere. A CDC spokesperson speaking on condition of anonymity said Fortune that “variants and sub-variants quickly fragment. There are not one or two, but hundreds of variants and sub-variants.
In the United States and many other countries, health officials have begun to strike a more worried tone. On Tuesday, for the first time in weeks, White House COVID response team coordinator Dr. Ashish Jha advised Americans to wear masks. He presented this as an individual choice and said nothing about mask mandates.
Clearly nervous about the worsening BA.5 rise, Dr Jha said: “[t]there are obviously many Americans who were infected with BA.1 – BA.1.1 during the January wave. I think we have very clear evidence that their level of protection at this stage is very minimal, certainly against infection, from BA.5.
This was echoed by Dr Anthony Fauci, who said: “[i]If you’ve been infected with BA.1 you really don’t have a lot of good protection against BA.4 or 5… the general principle is that we know that immunity wanes with coronaviruses whether it’s natural infection or vaccination.
It should be recalled that these two health authorities, along with the entire political establishment and corporate media, last winter welcomed the supposedly “mild” and highly contagious Omicron variant as the long-awaited variant for finally get “herd immunity” by sending the virus. in an “endemic” state.
On January 17, a day when more than 800,000 Americans have been infected with COVID-19 and 1,397 have died from the disease, Dr. Fauci said at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland: “It’s a open question of whether or not Omicron is going to be the live virus vaccination everyone is hoping for.
On the same day, Dr. Jha appeared on CNBC and said, “I hope Omicron gives us the lessons we need to manage the rest of this pandemic, however long it lasts, and move into a new normal. , where we are dealing with this virus. much more like an endemic thing. And so hopefully it’s really the transitional variant that will put us on a different footing for future variants and allow us to deal with them much more effectively.
It was part of a global trend. Also in January, the World Health Organization’s Regional Director for Europe, Dr Hans Kluge, said: “It is plausible that the region is heading towards some sort of pandemic endgame.
In his State of the Union address on March 1, 2022, US President Joe Biden said, “I can say that we are moving forward safely, getting back to more normal routines…thanks to the progress we have made in past year, COVID-19 no longer need to control our lives.
These are all lies intended to disarm the population into accepting “living with COVID”. As early as August 2020, the WSWS warned of the possibility of new variants evolving and continuing to wreak havoc, writing: “With the proliferation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus around the world, the opportunity arises for new new mutations and the emergence of new strains. of the virus.” We have repeatedly highlighted this danger and the possibility that more infectious, vaccine-resistant and deadly variants could emerge.
According to a tracker of excess deaths from The Economist, 3.8 million people have died since Jan. 3 due to the ongoing pandemic and efforts to force society to “live with COVID.” This escalating catastrophe must be stopped, and those responsible must be held accountable!
The International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) and its affiliated socialist equality parties are spearheading the struggle to build a mass movement of the international working class to stop the pandemic. To get involved in this fight, fill out the form below. | <urn:uuid:e2078f29-3c03-4350-b20e-f5f5cf0a238c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://compuscience.net/living-and-dying-with-covid-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959367 | 2,142 | 1.828125 | 2 |
MAUSOLEUM, LONG EMPTY, IS SOLD
Admiral Entombed in Cathedral, His $20,000 Arlington Vault Goes To Virginia Cemetery
WASHINGTON, October 16, 1933 – The $20,000 mausoleum in Arlington National Cemetery in which the body of Admiral George Dewey, hero of the battle of Manila Bay, lay until its removal to the crypt of Bethlehem Chapel of the Washington National Cathedral, in 1924, has been sold.
It is being removed by the Alexandria Park Association of Huntington, West Virginia, and is to be used as a public receiving vault at Clarendon, Virginia.
The mausoleum, empty since the removal of the Admiral’s body, has been a source of worry to the War Department because of its proximity to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Posted: 20 January 2008
Webmaster: Michael Robert Patterson | <urn:uuid:e98ff777-1457-41e4-8e05-d3bf41d11861> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/dewey-mauloseum-moved-1933.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946118 | 186 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The professionalization of psychology yielded many advantages, but also led to a main focus on psychopathology in mental health care. This thesis investigated an additional positive approach to mental health, focusing on positive feelings and life satisfaction (emotional well-being) and optimal functioning in both individual (psychological well-being) and social life (social well-being). This approach fits in with the definition of mental health by the World Health Organization. The thesis investigated the measurement, relevance and implications of this positive approach to mental health through a longitudinal study in a representative sample of Dutch adults (LISS-panel, CentERdata, Tilburg). First, the thesis shows that the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire to measure emotional, psychological and social well-being. Second, it demonstrates the relevance of this positive approach. Traditionally, the presence of psychopathology implied the absence of positive mental health, but this thesis shows that positive mental health and psychopathology are two related continua of mental health (two-continua model). This indicates that a person with many symptoms of psychopathology has a greater chance on experiencing low well-being, but this relation is not perfect. An individual may be suffering from mental illness and experience a relatively high positive mental health as well. Third, the implications of positive mental health as an additional indicator of mental health were examined. The thesis shows that emotional well-being is predictive of recovery and survival in physically ill patients and that changes in positive mental health predict future levels of psychopathology. In sum, this thesis indicates that it is insufficient in mental health care to only pay attention to symptoms of psychopathology. Neither the alleviation of psychopathological symptoms nor the promotion of positive mental health is sufficient for good mental health. A broad approach is necessary, which also focuses on positive mental health in both diagnostics and treatment.
|Award date||15 Jun 2012|
|Place of Publication||Enschede|
|Publication status||Published - 15 Jun 2012| | <urn:uuid:e2497ace-bd95-4a10-b6b9-579576a0f3cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/positive-mental-health-measurement-relevance-and-implications | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.904748 | 484 | 1.914063 | 2 |
1880s/1890s autograph album that belonged to Emma Schoelles of Canal Dover, Ohio.
Small autograph album, approximately 5" x 3+", with nearly 30 pages signed by Emma herself, her relatives and friends. An alphabetical list of the signers appears at the end of this post.
From online research, hopefully correct: [corrections welcome!]
Emma Louisa Schoelles was born 11 October 1883 in Ohio, perhaps at Tuscarawas Village, the daughter of Frederick and Susannah (Keppler) Schoelles, who both immigrated from Germany to the United States with their families when they were young.
Emma's paternal grandparents were Philip Henry Schoelles and Justina Margarethe Antoinetta (Koenig) Schoelles. Her maternal grandparents were Frederich and Anna Barbara Keppler.
Some online trees have give Anna Barbara's name as Anna Barbara (Schoelles) Nickel, which led me to believe that she had been married to a Nickel before marrying Frederich Keppler. However, some trees have her father as Jacob Heinrich Nickel, so I'm lost as to the significance of the name Schoelles in parentheses. Perhaps a reader has more definitive information.
Three of Emma's brothers signed pages in her album. Arthur Schoelles and Henry Schoelles signed pages on 9 January 1889. Edward Schoelles didn't date his page.
Emma's maternal uncle William F. Keppler [Frederich Wilhelm Keppler or Wilhelm Frederich Keppler] signed two pages in Emma's album, the first one signed by someone other than Emma herself, dated 1889, and the last page, undated.
William's wife, Carrie (Reubensaal) Keppler also signed an undated page. They were married 7 October 1888.
See the list below for pages signed by other relatives.
On 25 November 1911 in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, Emma Louisa Schoelles married Jonas J. Bremer, son of Jonas and Catherine (Price) Bremer. They had moved to Youngstown, Ohio, by the time of the birth of their son Jonas S. Bremer in 1915. Jonas may have been an only child, as I didn't find a record of another child living with the family at the time of the Census enumerations.
By the time of the 1940 Census, Jonas and Emma were still at Youngstown, Ohio. Their son Jonas, his wife and two children were living with them.
Emma Louisa (Schoelles) died in 1951. Her widower Jonas Bremer died in 1963.
If you have corrections to the information above, or additions to it, please leave a comment or contact me directly. Thanks!
Alphabetical list of signers: [Note: given names within a specific surname may not be in alphabetical order.]
- "Your Friend, gone west", signed at Rogersville, Ohio on 22 February 1890
- Gertrude Adams
- Lena Beeres, signed at Canal Dover, Ohio, signed 14 January 1893
- Louisa Bernhard, signed 1893
- Eugene S. Bryan, signed April 1893
- Frederica Crispin, signed 16 December 1890
- Edith L. Goettge, signed 20 April 189?
- William F. Keppler of Canal Dover, Ohio, signed May 1889; Emma's uncle. He also signed the last page.
- Carrie Keppler; Emma's aunt
- Rosie E. Keppler, signed at Canal Dover, Ohio, on 11 March 1890; Emma's aunt
- Clara M. Keppler, signed at Canal Dover, Ohio, signed 11 March 1890
- Florence V. Keppler, Emma's cousin
- Maggie Krause
- Willie Krause, signed 6 March 1893
- Edith Krause
- George Lohrman of Canal Dover, Ohio, signed December 1890
- Grace Rider of Canal Dover, Ohio
- M. S. at Canal Dover, Ohio, signed on 18 September 1895
- E. E. Scheu or E. E. Scherr or E. E. Schew; Emma's teacher
- Emma Schoelles; album owner
- Arthur Schoelles of Canal Dover, Ohio, signed 9 January 1889; Emma's brother
- Henry Schoelles of Canal Dover, Ohio, signed 9 January 1889; Emma's brother
- Edward Schoelles, Emma's brother
- Emma L. Zimmerman, signed at Rogersville, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, 22 February 1890
- Ada Zimmerman | <urn:uuid:7eeb9ba0-430a-4134-8e34-7400a7575a14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.heirloomsreunited.com/2013/02/1880s1890s-autograph-album-of-emma.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959357 | 978 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Singapore allowed poultry products import from Ukraine's avian influenza free zones
Singapore competent authorities accepted regional zoning in Ukraine connected with avian influenza (bird flu), the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection (SSUFSCP) reports.
Singapore Food Agency (SFA) recognized the principles of regionalization for poultry influenza in Ukraine (10-kilometre security zone).
The respective bilateral certificate forms have been revised and renegotiated, including the health certificate for exports of poultry meat and poultry products, edible eggs and egg products from Ukraine to Singapore.
Enterprises authorized to export poultry products to Singapore shall supply goods from poultry influenza free zones.
As a reminder, Ukraine is the third-largest poultry meat supplier to the EU in January-November 2020. | <urn:uuid:8728b954-7a15-4557-8db4-b5c230599537> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://latifundist.com/en/novosti/53691-singapur-razreshil-import-ukrainskih-produktov-ptitsevodstva-iz-svobodnyh-zon-ot-ptichego-grippa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.848395 | 158 | 1.765625 | 2 |
It's hard to know what to believe in the war of words over the Bay Area's traffic woes. A 2015 study put San Francisco third in the country for congestion, behind only LA and DC. But while the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency has argued that part of the city's traffic trouble stems from the "estimated number of 45,000 Uber and Lyft drivers," those companies cite a study that claims that ride-hail carpooling will reduce congestion by a whopping 75 percent. And in a report that aired Thursday evening, KRON 4 posits that a lot of the jams we see on roads leading into San Francisco could be the fault of Uber and Lyft drivers who travel from far away to work those lucrative SF fares.
According to a driver who commutes into SF from American Canyon (a town about 40 miles northwest of the city) because the work "is more consistent that anywhere in the Bay Area," some travel hundreds of miles to drive in San Francisco. In fact, says KRON, "thousands of drivers," head into the city every day to shuttle us around, possibly jamming the freeways and bridges on their way. (After all, it's not like drivers can take BART to work!)
According to KRON, transportation regulators in places like Bejing and Shanghai are mulling new rules requiring ride hail drivers to live where they work, driving vehicles registered in those cities. "Could something like that happen here?" asks KRON. Should it? | <urn:uuid:b276f17c-eecb-4daf-b12d-ee9fab519164> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sfist.com/2017/02/17/is_influx_of_out_of_town_uber_and_l/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962321 | 299 | 2.078125 | 2 |
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Edward Bellamy, Inventor Of The Credit Card
One might have expected that the person who unleashed the credit card on the world would have been a captain of finance, an individual who headed a large bank (or at least an officer at one) or perhaps was the founder of MasterCard or Visa or Diner’s Club. In fact, none of the above were actually true. The person who first developed the idea of the credit card (in the modern sense) and pushed that name into the public domain was a college dropout utopian science fiction writer named Edward Bellamy.
… a credit card issued him with which he procures at the public storehouses, found in every community, whatever he desires whenever he desires it. This arrangement, you will see, totally obviates the necessity for business transactions of any sort between individuals and consumers.Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 1888
So who exactly was Edward Bellamy? He was a child of a Baptist minister whose teen years overlapped with the Civil War. He attended Union College, but didn’t graduate, and instead found himself working briefly in law, then in journalism, before devoting himself to literature. His biggest hit by far was Looking Backward, a utopian science fiction novel in which the main character falls asleep in 1887 and wakes up in the year 2000 to find that society has become a socialist paradise.
This novel, Looking Backward, is quite impressive in terms of making predictions about how credit cards work in the modern era, even down to the concept of one receipt for the customer and one receipt for the buyer. Remember, this book was written in 1888, a time in which credit basically only existed as a method for individual stores to enable individual buyers to buy extra items. The idea that you could merely take a card into a store, swipe it, have the item paid for, and receive a receipt in this fashion was, well, the work of science fiction.
“The duplicate of the order,” said Edith as she turned away from the counter, after the clerk had punched the value of her purchase out of the credit card she gave him, “is given to the purchaser, so that any mistakes in filling it can be easily traced and rectified.”– Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 1888
The novel itself isn’t the most easy read in the world, but it is loaded from top to bottom with intriguing ideas, particularly if you are a socialist. The credit card system described in the book, in fact, is backed by the full faith and credit of the American government, meaning that each person is given a certain line of credit on their card and the government uses part of the GDP to pay off that credit. In some ways, the credit card described in the book, for the consumer anyway, is more like a debit card, although functionally the government is extending credit to individuals here – it is merely a given that the individuals will receive a slice of the nation’s wealth each year that will be used to pay off the card balance.
The book not only predicted credit cards and their usage, but it described the modern department store in great detail, envisioning it much like a warehouse that stocked every variety of goods in great abundance, and individuals could visit these warehouses and select whatever items and varieties of items they liked. They would then approach the checkout, present their credit card, and then walk out the door with the purchased item in hand. Sound familiar? To a modern individual, it certainly does; in 1888, it was revolutionary.
“An American credit card,” replied Dr. Leete, “is just as good in Europe as American gold used to be, and on precisely the same condition, namely, that it be exchanged into the currency of the country you are traveling in.”– Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 1888
The concept was so well described that Bellamy even predicted the ease of use of the credit card in other nations, as he describes the card easily being used to exchange between currencies. Again, in 1888, currency exchanges were possible, but the idea of a single device being able to cover purchased items in multiple countries was fanciful.
Bellamy laid out all of these concepts in 1888, but it took decades before society and technology caught up with his vision. It wasn’t until 1950, when the Diner’s Club card was introduced, that the modern credit card came into actual existence, and it was still decades after that before such cards became an expected part of the American consumer experience.
So, here’s to you, Edward Bellamy. Your creativity and vision transformed the way that Americans today use and manage their money, for better or worse. Regardless of your feeling on credit cards, it has undeniably had a transformative effect on America, and the ideas behind it – so simple, yet so incredibly powerful – came from the mind of one man punching away at his typewriter in the 1880s.
Editorial Note: Compensation does not influence our recommendations. However, we may earn a commission on sales from the companies featured in this post. To view our disclosures, click here. Opinions expressed here are the author’s alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by our advertisers. Reasonable efforts are made to present accurate info, however all information is presented without warranty. Consult our advertiser’s page for terms & conditions. | <urn:uuid:39972aaf-bb4c-4d51-b7f7-ad5ecfe0fc34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thesimpledollar.com/credit-cards/a-fascinating-look-at-edward-bellamy-inventor-of-the-credit-card/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972658 | 1,288 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Listening to aids have certainly come a great distance due to the fact Individuals to start with picket gadgets with the 1500’s. When you consider the background of Listening to aids, you will see a wonderful evolution of engineering. During the twenty first century, It appears almost everything has gone digital, and hearing aids are no exception.
With not less than 22 primary brands of digital Listening to aids, it truly is Protected to say there has been a massive increase of demand from customers for top-high quality solutions. A lot of corporations are in the whole process of establishing even better digital technological innovation; some are working on fourth and fifth generation electronic hearing aids.
The primary máy trợ thính cho người già điếc nặng electronic hearing aids on the market came out in 1987. Since only two companies supplied the digital products, as well as because they were quite large and used a considerable number of Electrical power, customers have been fewer than receptive to The brand new strategy. Since the conclude on the 1980’s, a lot more Superior engineering has improved the caliber of digital Listening to aids.
Additional a short while ago, digital Listening to aids have received large achievement. Because they are lesser plus more purposeful, Progressively more audiologists are recommending them for their patients. New digital hearings aids can be found in each at the rear of-the-ear and inside-the-ear styles. Nevertheless these versions are instead dear, people are desperate to reap the benefits of the new units and luxuriate in an improved quality of life.
The operating of digital Listening to aids is comparable to the more mature, analog variations. Gurus suggest that it’s impossible to completely separate The 2 from each other. Electronic know-how basically indicates that sound waves which were Beforehand captured in analog kind at the moment are transformed right into a string of quantities that results in extra exact Listening to capabilities. Industry experts say that the digitalized versions aren’t improved simply because These are digital, but mainly because digital technology improves the entire process of changing audio waves.
As a result of digital hearing aids, people with auditory disabilities have the choice of residing a far more snug existence and the ability to listen to the sounds of family and friends’ voices. Assuming that technology continues to fast advance, it is probably going We’ll see extra digital developments while in the not-so-distant potential. | <urn:uuid:b64b826d-ecd6-4b00-bad1-e1340ab5664b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fianceevisasecrets.com/the-advantages-of-digital-hearing-aids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954825 | 518 | 2.46875 | 2 |
WASHINGTON – Sen. Chuck Grassley announced today the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Aviation Administration has awarded seven grants totaling $2,351,908 to Iowa airports.
“This funding is to increase the safety and efficiency of these airports, as well as help provide important economic development opportunities in these communities,” Grassley said.
The Eastern Iowa Airport will receive a $625,000 grant for an airport geographic information system study. The study will use a state-of-the-art mapping system to update the airport’s layout plan (ALP). It will also provide detailed mapping of the airfield and an electronic ALP.
Other towns receiving FAA grants are:
- Boone Municipal Airport will receive $500,329 for apron rehabilitation
- Centerville Municipal Airport will receive $33,250 for an environmental assessment
- Clarion Municipal Airport will receive $60,800 for an environmental assessment
- Dubuque Regional Airport will receive $525,000 for an airport geographic information system study
- Keokuk Municipal Airport will receive $545,779 for runway rehabilitation
- Lamoni Municipal Airport will receive $61,750 for an environmental assessment
Each year, thousands of local Iowa organizations, colleges and universities, individuals and state agencies apply for competitive grants from the federal government. The funding is then awarded based on each local organization or individual’s ability to meet criteria set by the federal entity. | <urn:uuid:c01cbf98-59ec-4ebc-9df6-e82111442383> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://flycid.com/airport-to-receive-625000-federal-grant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928595 | 294 | 1.601563 | 2 |
MFR 2021: Masked Face Recognition Competition
This paper presents a summary of the Masked Face Recognition Competitions (MFR) held within the 2021 International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB 2021). The competition attracted a total of 10 participating teams with valid submissions. The affiliations of these teams are diverse and associated with academia and industry in nine different countries. These teams successfully submitted 18 valid solutions. The competition is designed to motivate solutions aiming at enhancing the face recognition accuracy of masked faces. Moreover, the competition considered the deployability of the proposed solutions by taking the compactness of the face recognition models into account. A private dataset representing a collaborative, multisession, real masked, capture scenario is used to evaluate the submitted solutions. In comparison to one of the topperforming academic face recognition solutions, 10 out of the 18 submitted solutions did score higher masked face verification accuracy. | <urn:uuid:8eb6d69d-1011-4a97-8ddc-963a4c5a12fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/411725 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.899799 | 213 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Once upon a time, Linux was thought of as being the most secure from ransomware of all operating systems. This reputation stemmed from its relatively low adoption rate when compared to Microsoft Windows, and the lack of Linux-based programming skills within the general IT community.
However, ransomware developers have an uncanny knack for quickly bounding ahead, and have done so with Linux. The days of Linux being thought of as relatively immune from attack are quickly fading, as attack vectors into the many flavors of this OS begin to spike.
New coding techniques are being used by ransomware developers that allow for quicker turnarounds for the targeting of security flaws. In turn, this provides quicker service for Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) providers so that actors can take advantage of patching cycles or, even worse, the false lull of security that some Linux users still feel.
RaaS providers have taken notice and are addressing their shortcomings in the Linux arena. This is bad news for Linux users. Developers are building products based on specific flavors of Linux, such as RedHat and Ubuntu, and are offering many of the same benefits that Mac-based or Windows-based RaaS customers now have at their fingertips.
The diversity of code being created to exploit different versions of Linux still stick to the proven social engagement techniques used against other platforms. This makes the pillars of education and security best practices the best initial mitigation steps against the expansion of ransomware code.
The growing dependency on virtualized environments, both from a user and IoT perspective, has also triggered a growth in Linux-based ransomware incidents. Again, the promise of high security comes into play with these, as do the potential holes in public and hybrid cloud configurations, all serving to pave the way for an increased volume of attacks against Linux-based devices.
Several factors, though not necessarily impactful to just Linux devices, are contributing to the rise in Linux-based ransomware targets. These include:
The system-wide templates offered by cloud providers reproduce the same flaws in the original to every virtual device created using them. By producing these flaws, attackers can quickly inject malicious code into multiple systems for later execution. Making maters worse, data replication across virtual devices can lead to widespread damage, including the corruption of core hypervisors.
It’s safe to say that Linux administrators must now remain just as vigilant as their Mac or Windows-based colleagues. Although ransomware attackers may have taken the Linux world by surprise, the same core best practices still apply to head off a would-be attack and keep Linux-based systems running with limited risk of compromise. | <urn:uuid:ddece2e5-8e91-468e-9e49-4cb7f4439272> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ransomware.org/blog/ransomware-actors-are-finding-new-ways-to-target-linux/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.951468 | 529 | 2.796875 | 3 |
God’s name is Shiva.
Incorporeal God speaks. Even though people have given Him many names on the path of devotion, still Incorporeal God is called Shiva. It is because there are so many names that there is so much expansion. The Father Himself comes and tells you: Oh children, you have been remembering Me, your Father, Shiva. You said: Oh Purifier! He must definitely have just one name. There cannot be many names… The Creator is only One. If there were many names, people would become confused. But because it is the path of devotion and they have built many temples, they have given Him many different names. Otherwise, each one has only one name.
Shiv Baba does not have a body of His own. There is just one image of Shiva. It cannot be any different; He is always portrayed as an oval form, just as there cannot be any difference between human beings. They all have two eyes, two ears, a nose etc. The soul is not something unknown.
The Father says: My real name is Shiva, the Benefactor.
Shiv Baba’s name is always Shiva. All souls have to come down here to play their different roles and so they adopt different names.
God has only one name. The names of all others change. This One’s name doesn’t change. However, He has been given many names on the path of bhakti. Here, He is called Shiva. Shiva means Benefactor.
He is full of knowledge, He is the Seed, the Father of the human world tree. He is living. He knows the beginning, the middle and the end of the whole tree. Shiv Baba is the Benefactor…There is benefit for all human beings.
Baba also has a part in the Drama.
Shiv Baba Himself tells you: I come to perform the dance of knowledge in front of you children.
Baba teaches and gives salvation. He says that He will again give this knowledge in 5000 years…You meet Baba every 5000 years and so there are tears of love…Shiv Baba never has tears. Baba has a lot of might. We surrender to you for one life and You will surrender to us for 21 lives.
God Shiva speaks to you children.
I am beyond rebirth. This body belongs to this Dada. I do not have a bodily name. My name is Shiva, the Benefactor. You children know that Shiv Baba, the Benefactor, comes and changes hell into heaven. He brings so much benefit. He completely destroys hell.
It is only when I enter an impure body that I can see you. The soul cannot do anything without a body, without organs. In bhakti, it is not in My intellect to give knowledge. It is only when I have a body that I am able to do everything. I do not give visions, I do not have the accounts of the five billion. Everything is in the Drama. I am in the bondage of the Drama. I am without ego. | <urn:uuid:717b683b-6d59-4589-acdf-8a58c4e92877> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shivadarshan.com/2012/05/05/shiva-the-benefactor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.969212 | 639 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Genetic and epigenetic intra-tumoral heterogeneity cooperate to shape the evolutionary course of cancer. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a highly informative model for cancer evolution as it undergoes substantial genetic diversification and evolution after therapy. The CLL epigenome is also an important disease-defining feature, and growing populations of cells in CLL diversify by stochastic changes in DNA methylation known as epimutations. However, previous studies using bulk sequencing methods to analyse the patterns of DNA methylation were unable to determine whether epimutations affect CLL populations homogeneously. Here, to measure the epimutation rate at single-cell resolution, we applied multiplexed single-cell reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing to B cells from healthy donors and patients with CLL. We observed that the common clonal origin of CLL results in a consistently increased epimutation rate, with low variability in the cell-to-cell epimutation rate. By contrast, variable epimutation rates across healthy B cells reflect diverse evolutionary ages across the trajectory of B cell differentiation, consistent with epimutations serving as a molecular clock. Heritable epimutation information allowed us to reconstruct lineages at high-resolution with single-cell data, and to apply this directly to patient samples. The CLL lineage tree shape revealed earlier branching and longer branch lengths than in normal B cells, reflecting rapid drift after the initial malignant transformation and a greater proliferative history. Integration of single-cell bisulfite sequencing analysis with single-cell transcriptomes and genotyping confirmed that genetic subclones mapped to distinct clades, as inferred solely on the basis of epimutation information. Finally, to examine potential lineage biases during therapy, we profiled serial samples during ibrutinib-associated lymphocytosis, and identified clades of cells that were preferentially expelled from the lymph node after treatment, marked by distinct transcriptional profiles. The single-cell integration of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional information thus charts the lineage history of CLL and its evolution with therapy. | <urn:uuid:abde1408-0646-44dd-81cf-b0ed1afac3fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hscrb.harvard.edu/publication/gaiti-f-chaligne-r-gu-h-brand-rm-kothen-hill-s-schulman-rc-grigorev-k-risso-d-kim-kt-pastore-a-huang-ky-alonso-a-sheridan-c-omans-nd-biederstedt-e-clement-k-wang-l-felsenfeld-ja-bhav/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.923992 | 432 | 1.53125 | 2 |
“Who was expecting this radical change? The year 2015 was one of the worst years in Ecuadorian history for bananas. We weren’t expecting a big change anytime soon, but the market has turned around completely since January 2016 and the demand for Ecuadorian bananas is still exceptionally high. There isn’t enough fruit for everyone”, explains Ad Wehlburg from Exportaciones Durexporta, S.A. in Guayaquil - Ecuador.
The El Niño phenomenon plays a big role in having the worldwide banana market turn around. “Colombia and Costa Rica are dealing with adverse weather conditions. Extreme drought in Colombia and heavy rains in Costa Rica. The Philippines are dealing with severe drought as well, banana diseases (e.g. the Panama disease) and even rodents like rats damage their production. The banana production in the Philippines dropped from an average of 4,000 boxes of 13 kg per hectare per year to 2,000 boxes. This is a 50% decrease in production, let alone the decrease of the export quality bananas. And last but certainly not least, China suffered severe colds in the southern banana producing provinces and their banana producing Island Hainan has even suffered frost. This must have an effect on their production later in this year,” continues Ad.
According to Ad, the only country that has a consistent supply of premium quality bananas year-round is Ecuador. “We also have to deal with some effects of El Niño. Rains, cloudy weather and the lack of sun result in delays in harvesting in some regions of the country, because the bananas cannot get the required export grade in one weeks time. This shortage of bananas on the world market has resulted in sky-high prices. For example, the free market price raised to $10 - $11 for the naked fruit only two weeks ago, or about $13.00 FOB GYE (boxes of 40lb or 18+kg at arrival in destination). The larger (multinational) fruit companies are exporting a large part of the local banana supply since they can afford the high prices. Those companies have logistic advantages, as well as strong brands that can be sold expensively, resulting in advantages that we do not have.”
“Our government obliges exporters to work with yearly contracts with the aim to offer a stable income for the banana farmers during an entire year. This mandatory minimal official price to be paid to the farmers is nothing new, it has been implemented in the 1980s and is considered a form of Social Sustainability. This mandatory minimal price is the only one existing in the world. No other country upholds such a form of Social Sustainability for their banana farmers. I am not opposed to social and environmental sustainability, on the contrary. However, this high official minimal price is pushing us out of the market. All other countries are selling their fruit much cheaper than we can.
“Since the international banana market fluctuates, I strongly believe that the official minimal price should flow with the world market conditions, explains AD. Like last year, in 2015 world market prices were below freezing point. This made it impossible for us to sell our bananas. Everybody lost money on bananas last year, farmers, exporters, importers, brokers, distributors and as well as supermarkets and other retailers. Many went out of business. Although the official price has gone down for 2016 with a mere 16 dollar-cents, it is still high ($6.16) and rigid.”
Other reasons for the Ecuadorian bananas being expensive are the fact that we have a dollar economy, which means so we cannot play around with a local currency. Finally, apart from China, Korea and Japan, we are situated on “the wrong side of South America.” For the East coast of the US, Europe, Russia, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East, we need to go through the Panama Channel. This is costly, time-consuming (resulting in longer transit times), and often shipping lines disconnect the temperature controlled containers for too long.”
Ad stays positive: “On the bright side, we do have the best banana in the world. The bananas grow big and without stress, so we can harvest the fruit relatively young. Besides, the rich deep volcanic soils give our Cavendish variety a thick skin and a firm excellent tasting pulp. All this together means that the Ecuadorian bananas have the longest shelf life. No other banana can beat the Ecuadorian banana when it comes to long transit times, long shelf life, and therefore, less waste for the retailer and the final consumer. There is where the high price of our bananas is compensated. Moreover, our conventional bananas are fumigated far less compared to bananas from e.g. Colombia, Central American countries, the Philippines and China. Meaning the fruit is healthier.”
Ad concludes: “the bad year 2015 had made banana customers cautious. Nobody wanted to seal contracts in October 2015 for the year 2016 since they were still suffering heavy losses. Negotiations started as late as in December, and with the adverse weather conditions mentioned earlier coming more or less at the same time, free market prices went up quickly. Although, we are the market leader in banana exports with 29% of the world market, Ecuador is sold out. There just isn't enough premium quality fruit for everybody. We expect the situation will not change for another 3 to perhaps 5 months. This means we will most probably extend our peak season this year. This might compensate for our losses of last year. Let us hope so.”
For more information:
Ad WehlburgExportaciones Durexporta | <urn:uuid:568696f0-4238-42c3-83ed-b64b2c3968c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.freshplaza.com/article/155238/Ecuador-is-sold-out/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956842 | 1,163 | 2.15625 | 2 |
By Robert Weiner
The current congressional leadership is proposing to balance the federal budget in nine years by cutting entitlement programs like Medicare and Social Security. They passed a bill that included changes to the food stamp system that “would eliminate or reduce food for more than one million low-income households and more than two million people.” Food stamps (now SNAP) has kept 46 million Americans from going hungry and allowed people to find jobs.
With one of the country’s top five poverty rates, Detroit is especially vulnerable, and the administration’s housing cutbacks hit especially hard in a city regularly exposed for deteriorated and vacant structures.
In April, HUD Secretary Ben Carson proposed raising rent for those living in subsidized housing to 35 percent of their income, up from the current 30 percent, itself up from the 1970’s when it was 25 percent. The current $50 a month for the poorest families would triple to $150. A Detroit resident in low income housing would see rent increased by an average 21 percent. Instead of helping Americans living in poverty to afford housing, the Administration is creating policies that will lead to more evictions and homelessness.
Carson, who was born and raised in Detroit, believes raising the rent will make people “more self-sufficient.” In reality, the increase in public housing rent will hurt Detroit’s most vulnerable.
But there are some candidates running for office across the country who are speaking out against these proposals that will affect the poor and reminding Congress of the need to protect the safety net.
One of the most compelling messages came from the miracle candidate, 28-year-old Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who on June 26 upset 10-term Democrat Joe Crowley, was battling back the question of how to fund health, housing, education, and food programs. During a June 27 interview on “Morning Joe” on MSNBC, Ocasio-Cortez said, “We had a GOP tax cut that could have actually forgiven every single federal student loan in America.” She added that even with a deficit, it’s important to “understand the power of the purse that Congress has. “When we were in the Great Depression, we made the New Deal.” Her point: Congress has the money to pay for the social safety net.
Those struggling in Detroit and across the nation deserve a government that will help them and not the uber-wealthy.
Robert S. Weiner is a former White House spokesman and a top congressional aide to former Congressman John Conyers Jr. and the late U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy. He is a member of the National Advisory Panel at The PuLSE Institute. | <urn:uuid:f6e05722-75cf-4995-bb86-2f440c2ee68d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thepulseinstitute.org/2018/07/08/detroits-vulnerable-in-crosshairs-of-washingtons-budget-war/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.966705 | 555 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The Food and Drug Administration issued warning letters Wednesday to four manufacturers of alcoholic energy drinks often consumed by college students, saying the caffeine added to their beverages is an "unsafe food additive."
The combination of caffeine and alcohol in the drinks creates a public health concern and can lead to "a state of wide-awake drunk," said FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg. Evidence has shown their consumption has led to alcohol poisoning, car accidents and assaults, she said.
The government could eventually seize the products if the companies continue to make and market them. The companies have 15 days to respond to the letters and either explain how they will take their products off the market or defend their drinks as safe.
Several college students have been hospitalized in recent months after consuming the drinks. The FDA said experts have raised concerns that the caffeine in the drinks can mask a person's feeling of intoxication, leading to risky behavior. Many of those who consume the drinks are underage drinkers.
In response to such incidents, four states — Washington, Michigan, Utah and Oklahoma — have banned the beverages. Other states are considering similar action.
White House Drug Policy Director Gil Kerlikowske said Wednesday that the FDA's quick action to decrease consumption of the drinks is critical.
"These products are designed, branded, and promoted to encourage binge drinking," he said.
With the FDA decision imminent, Phusion Projects, which manufactures the popular Four Loko, announced late Tuesday that it would reformulate its drinks and remove the caffeine.
The company's statement said it was reformulating the drinks after unsuccessfully trying to deal with "a difficult and politically-charged regulatory environment at both the state and federal levels."
"We have repeatedly contended — and still believe, as do many people throughout the country — that the combination of alcohol and caffeine is safe," said Chris Hunter, Jeff Wright and Jaisen Freeman, who identify themselves as Phusion's three co-founders and current managing partners.
Four Loko comes in several varieties, including fruit punch and blue raspberry. A 23.5-ounce can sells for about $2.50 and has an alcohol content of 12 percent, comparable to four beers, according to the company's website.
The FDA said it views Phusion Projects' announcement as a positive step, but officials said they have not yet heard directly from the company about its timeline for taking the drinks off the market.
The FDA also issued warning letters to Charge Beverages Corp., New Century Brewing Co. and United Brands Company Inc.
Last year the FDA notified more than two dozen manufacturers of caffeinated alcoholic beverages that it never had specifically approved the addition of caffeine to alcoholic drinks and began studying whether it was unsafe and should be outlawed. The agency noted the mix's growing popularity among college students and its potential health and safety issues.
Wednesday's letters focused on seven drinks made by four manufacturers, but Deputy Commissioner Josh Sharfstein said he expects the agency's message to resonate.
"We expect these warning letters to be read across the industry," he said.
Robert McKenna, Washington State Attorney General, praised the FDA move after nine Central Washington University students were sent to a hospital in October after a party where the students drank Four Loko. He said the drinks' popularity has dangerously skyrocketed in the past two years.
"We can look around over the last couple of years and see something has changed, something is different," he said. "What we are seeing now is striking." | <urn:uuid:29898384-1470-4e96-b63b-51bde27dc7ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/fda-warns-makers-alcoholic-energy-drinks-flna1C9471290 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972305 | 702 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Do we really need sight if we have vision?
Staci Mannella is a sophomore at Dartmouth, she’s a D1 varsity athlete on the school’s equestrian team, and she’s a world-class skier. The 19-year-old New Jersey native has the pliable world in her hands, and a future so bright that she needs specially made contact lenses to function in her daily life.
Mannella is visually impaired, but that’s not a label she’s interested in people remembering. Born with a genetic condition called achromatopsia, the cones in Mannella’s eyes don’t work. She has limited color vision, and low visual acuity, but the biggest obstacle is her inability to filter light, which means that she can only see three-feet in front of her.
“To help with that, I wear tinted black contacts,” Mannella said. “I also wear ski goggles that are made with window tint — the kind of window tint that’s illegal on your car. We put three layers of that tint inside my goggles to filter out the sunlight that reflects off the snow while I’m skiing.”
That’s how Mannella, the youngest member of the U.S. Paralympic Alpine Ski Team, works her magic on and off snow.
A long-term goal discovered
Like many great skiers, Mannella started young. At 4, her parents put her and her two siblings on skis because they wanted to keep the whole family active.
The long trips to Windham Mountain in upstate New York paid off. Mannella started skiing with two guides, who held a bamboo pole between them, to keep her upright. She progressed quickly and with the encouragement of her instructors, she joined the Adaptive Sports Foundation’s race team. By 11, she competed in her first alpine skiing national championship.
“I don’t think my parents had intentions of me getting any better than just being able to hang out with the family on the mountain. I kind of exceeded expectations a little bit,” Mannella joked.
By 12 years old, a trip to Breckenridge, Colorado enhanced her perspective. At the Hartford Ski Spectacular, Mannella met members of the U.S. Paralympic Alpine Ski Team and decided right then and there that she wanted to make the team and compete in Sochi at the 2014 Games.
For most skiers and snowboarders, foggy goggles are a reason to slam on the brakes. For Mannella, flying down uneven terrain at high speeds without being able to see is all she knows.
“It’s hard for me to even think that this is a hard way to do it because this is how I’ve been skiing my entire life,” Mannella said.
One of the most critical components to Mannella’s success is her guide of six years, Kim Seevers, who speaks to her through an ear mic.
“The most important part of what I do is being able to trust the person that I’m skiing behind,” Mannella said. “I need to trust this person that they’re going to give me the right cues and tell me what they need to tell me so they can get me down the hill safely.”
Seevers skis in front of Mannella, relaying very pertinent information back to her.
“If you hear us skiing, I know exactly what she’s thinking and vice versa,” Mannella said of Seevers. “It’s really crazy how well we know each other. She can say the smallest thing, and to anyone else, it means nothing. To me, I know exactly what she means.”
Outside of competition, Mannella skis behind her friends, who will tell her if any large obstacles or changes in pitch are coming her way. The rest is about feeling the mountain under her sticks and in her bones.
Her first Games
In the years that Mannella trained and skied with Seevers, the pair became a force. Mannella took home a gold medal at the World Cup as well as numerous championship titles. In 2013, those accomplishments finally earned her a spot on the U.S. Paralympic Alpine Ski Team, where at 18, she became the youngest member of the team.
Mannella spent one-third of her life training for Sochi, so when she walked into the stadium for the opening ceremonies, she soaked in every bit of the 80,000+ crowd roar.
During competition, Mannella put four solid runs together, which earned her two sixth-place finishes.
“I was relatively happy with how I skied,” Mannella said. “Considering the pressure of that race, I was happy with my finishes. I’m glad I got to experience it so young. I didn’t really have expectations going in, but I think I did pretty well.”
Opening minds, smashing perceptions
From her guide dog, Smidge ( a lab-golden mix), to horses, animals have always been a big part of Mannella’s life.
Before she really buckles down to prep for the 2018 PyeongChang Paralympic Games in South Korea, Mannella will continue taking pre-veterinary classes at Dartmouth, and riding for the school. She hopes to major in biology with a minor in ethics.
Outside of school and the corral, she will carry forward with what is perhaps her greatest purpose in life right now.
“I like to think my experiences promote diversity and kind of help open people’s minds,” Mannella said. “I think when you see someone with a guide dog or you see someone with a disability, you automatically think limitation. When people first meet me, they don’t think I’m a Paralympic skier or a D1 varsity athlete. Once I talk to them and share my story a little, it really opens their mind.”
For the people on the ski hill who continue to tell Mannella “Good for you for getting out there,” she refrains from saying, “I think we’re past that at this point.”
Proof that you can’t always believe what your eyes are telling you.
If you’d like to donate money so that Staci can see South Korea in 2018, go here. | <urn:uuid:4bd00e2a-8072-4730-9625-bb055b705a33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://purpose2play.com/the-big-play/visually-impaired-ski-racer-staci-mannella-carves-turns-smashes-limits-as-d1-athlete-at-dartmouth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968494 | 1,381 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Who Served & Cost
Who Served: All residents of Boulder County including all cities, towns and unincorporated areas; all residents of City and County of Broomfield; and all residents of the Town of Erie (not restricted to just the Boulder County area) may drop off household hazardous waste at Boulder County’s Hazardous Materials Management Facility (HMMF). This includes the incorporated cities and towns of Boulder, Jamestown, Lafayette, Longmont, Louisville, Lyons, Nederland, and Superior, and Ward. Proof of residency (for example, your driver’s license, vehicle registration, voter identification, tax certificate, lease agreement or utility bill) is required when you drop off your wastes.
Cost: No charge to drop off household hazardous wastes for Boulder County, City and County of Broomfield, and all Town of Erie residents. Each community pays for the participation of its residents, Boulder County pays for the participation of unincorporated and residents of smaller communities. Other outside counties not listed above will be charged a fee of $45.00 per visit. There is a 400 pound limit per day, anything over 400 pounds will be charged disposal fees.
Collection Events: Broomfield, Longmont, and Superior also hold annual or periodic hazardous waste collection events for their residents. Please call your local town/city hall for details.
Identifying Hazardous Waste
The following warning words on the product container will alert you to the hazardous nature of the product:
Poison, Toxic, Corrosive, Volatile, Flammable, Inflammable, Combustible, Explosive, Danger, Caution, Warning, Harmful
These wastes require proper disposal. Through proper disposal, some hazardous wastes can be recycled or used as an energy saving fuel.
Review our list of acceptable common household items for disposal. Call 720-564-2251 with any questions.
Hazardous Materials Management Facility (HMMF) accepts household hazardous wastes from residents of Boulder County and Broomfield County and all of Erie. Hazardous wastes will be recycled or disposed of properly.
Hazardous Waste Disposal for Businesses services for businesses, by appointment only.
Improper disposal, such as throwing them away with your household trash, dumping them in storm drains or sewer or septic systems, is dangerous and can:
Injure garbage collectors and landfill workers by exploding aerosol cans, splashing chemicals, or poisonous fumes created by mixed chemicals
Cause fires from chemical reactions in garbage collection trucks
Pollute the ground and ground water from leachate leaks
Endanger your health, the health of others and the environment
Proper Use & Storage of Hazardous Materials
Follow the directions on the label.
Ask the dealer or manufacturer to provide more explanation if needed.
Don’t use more of the product than is recommended.
Never mix products; this can lead to explosions or poisonous gas being released.
Use hazardous products in well-ventilated areas and always use gloves, eye protection and air purifying respirators whenever warranted.
Never eat, drink or smoke where hazardous products are being used.
Keep products in their original containers.
If you do have to use a different container be sure to label adequately to prevent poisoning and for safe use and disposal.
Store all hazardous products upright, tightly sealed, and away from pets, children and food.
Transporting Household Hazardous Waste
- Never mix different chemicals! Toxic fumes or an explosion can result and it prevents recycling of the materials.
Leave waste products in their original containers, and make sure caps and/or lids are securely closed. Gasoline is highly flammable and should only be transported in purpose-designed gasoline cans or containers. Do not transport hazardous wastes in the same part of your vehicle as children or pets.
- If the original container is leaking or damaged, place the entire container in a larger container such as a clean paint can, plastic bucket, or wrap securely with plastic. If you wrap up a container so that the original label cannot be seen, mark the contents to the best of your ability, and be sure to tell the collection staff what the contents are.
- Separate different types of waste, such as paints, motor oil, batteries, pesticides, acids, etc. Place containers upright in sturdy cardboard boxes or plastic trays, and pad with newspaper. You may also want to line your car with plastic before you pack the car.
- Put containers in trunk or rear of your car, not on passenger seats. Come straight to the Hazardous Materials Management Facility to avoid any problems with the waste.
- Don’t eat, drink or smoke while handling household hazardous wastes. Wash your hands after handling these materials. Never put hazardous waste into trash bags or trash cans. Lids can come off causing chemicals to mix and possibly creating dangerous reactions. | <urn:uuid:31632206-e76a-49e0-aa4f-8b73e7d110ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bouldercounty.gov/environment/hazardous-waste/about-household-hazardous-waste/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.891153 | 1,011 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Walking around last week’s Grow Conference at the Discovery Cube in Santa Ana, I was stunned to see that the future of my boyhood home doesn’t apparently include people like me.
It seems like we’ve been having the same debate here in Santa Ana for what seems to be decades on how to spur economic development that attempts to hide the Latino face of the city.
I first encountered it, I still remember the very day, on August 3, 1958 upon arriving home from military service. One of my boyhood friends, an Anglo named Donald Dunn, told me about a rental opportunity around Highland Street – now where the Boys and Girls Club is in that area. He inquired for me and told the owners I was Latino, and then had the tough job of calling me and letting me know that I wasn’t welcome in my own hometown, even after serving my country as a military veteran.
Flash forward 57 years later and that same feeling comes back as I walk around the event at the Discovery Cube.
When I look at the faces of the event, picturing what downtown Santa Ana will soon look like, there are few Latinos, other than meal servers and parking attendants.
That makes me angry. Even worse, as a Latino and someone with roots here going back to 1912, it makes me sad.
But it doesn’t have to be this way.
Economic development should be more inclusive.
Small business and property owners across Santa Ana should be included in this city’s future in a role other than food server.
That’s a concept that our all-Latino city council and property owners seem to not share. They seem to even fight it.
Yet they don’t have to.
Consider the current debate over what to name our city’s main business thoroughfare.
Given that some Anglos were offended that it might simply be called by it’s historic name, Calle Cuatro, we opted for a more inclusionary approach advocating for signs that would read: Calle Cuatro/Fourth Street.
Even though I have yet to see those signs, it’s a signal that we can all be part of downtown’s future.
Yet watching the photos from this week’s event, it makes me wonder if at some point, even the name Santa Ana will disappear from this city.
I sure hope our city council and civic leaders prove me wrong.
Sam Romero is retired Santa Ana business owner and former Marine who was based at Marine Corps Air Station, El Toro. The Romero family has been in Santa Ana since 1912. His parents married in 1920 and had four children, two boys and two girls. Besides shining shoes and selling newspapers as a boy in the 1940s on Fourth Street in front of what is now the Taqueria Guadalajara. In High School, he worked at Neal’s Sporting Goods on the 200 block of East Fourth Street. Later in life, he, his wife and daughter opened a Catholic gift shop, first on Main Street, and then relocated it to the 300 block of East Fourth St, operating it for more than 30 years. Sam has been active in numerous business associations focusing on downtown Santa Ana since the 1980s. | <urn:uuid:b5eedce3-2dbd-437e-b8e9-5cd839d8e1e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://voiceofoc.org/2015/10/romero-do-latinos-have-a-future-in-downtown-santa-ana/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974632 | 675 | 1.5 | 2 |
Message from the European Center
Kyoto University’s European Center in Heidelberg is now in its eighth year. During the period since its establishment, the situation in Europe has dramatically changed, influencing the region’s academic landscape and changing the role of universities.
Kyoto University European Center aims to support and boost University’s research and educational activities, and international contribution in Europe, with a stated mission.
Kyoto shares significant characteristics with the societies of Europe, including rich historical experiences and spirit of creativity and innovation. The Kyoto University European Center will continue to connect Kyoto and Europe – learning from the past, sharing the values gained, and working together to create a vision for a sustainable future.
Kyoto University European Center
The Kyoto University European Center in Heidelberg
The Kyoto University European Center in Heidelberg was founded in May 2014 in order to strengthen academic exchange with universities in Europe.
The main aims of the Kyoto University European Center are the support of Kyoto University’s research and education activities in Europe, the promotion of the internationalization of faculty and students, and the enhancement of the university’s international public relations as well as industry-government-academia collaboration and international networks.
In February 2009, Kyoto University opened its European Representative Office in London as the first overseas operating base in Europe to promote the university’s industry-academia collaboration activities. In June 2017, the London Office was closed and its functions were consolidated into Kyoto University’s central administration and the Kyoto University European Center, Heidelberg Office.
The office in Heidelberg performs the following 4 key roles and also serves as a contact point for the Japanese members of the German-Japanese HeKKSaGOn University alliance (see below for details).
Introduction to Kyoto University European Center
1. Boosting Collaborative Research Activities
- Gathering and analyzing information on research and academic policies
- Supporting the organization of international research projects, seminars, workshops, and symposiums.
- Exploring funding possibilities for Japan-European joint research.
2. Supporting Research
- Collection and distribution of information on education policies and study-abroad programs in Europe.
- Providing European partner universities and individuals with information about undertaking study and research at Kyoto University.
- Providing assistance to exchange students and researchers coming from Kyoto University to European universities and research facilities.
3. Promoting Internationalization
- Providing the university’s faculty and administrative staff with international experience through overseas placement programs.
- Providing Kyoto University students with cultural exchange opportunities in Europe.
4. Strengthening Kyoto University’s Networks
- Maintaining close relations with various organizations in Europe, including academic institutions, funding agencies, and the overseas offices of Japanese governmental institutions and universities.
- Building networks with students, researchers, alumni, and other Kyoto University associates in Europe.
- Serving as a liaison office for the German-Japanese university network HeKKSaGOn
HeKKSaGOn is a university alliance comprising six leading universities from Japan and Germany: Heidelberg University, Kyoto University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Tohoku University, Göttingen University, and Osaka University. The consortium was established in 2010 with the aim of enhancing relationships between Japanese and German universities, including researcher and student exchange, research collaboration, and summer school programs. | <urn:uuid:3d6cce1f-70d3-4f1c-8f30-0c005d0a0633> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/overseas-centers/eu/en/about/introduction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.909435 | 699 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Submitted by WA Contents
Kenyan startup founder Nzambi Matee recycles plastic to make bricks that are stronger than concrete
Kenya Architecture News - Feb 12, 2021 - 15:05 88122 views
Nairobi-based startup company Gjenge Makers, founded by Nzambi Matee, has created a lightweight and low-cost building material that is made of recycled plastic with sand to make bricks that are stronger than concrete material.
Nzambi Matee, a 29-year-old trained engineer and schooled in biochemistry, founded the new ways of converting waste into sustainable materials.
With her initiative, Matee has recently been named a Young Champion of the Earth 2020 Africa winner at the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The award "provides seed funding and mentorship to promising environmentalists as they tackle the world's most pressing challenges."
Video by UNEP
Her company Gjenge Makers' project has started to use the product with paving stones applied in houses, schools or streets, the product is highly durable and diminishes its maintaining cost. Her startup company produces about 500-1000 bricks per day, "recycling close to 500 kilograms of plastic waste a day."
"Plastic waste is not just a Kenya problem, but it's a worldwide problem," said Nzambi Matee.
"Here Nairobi we generate about 500 metric tones of plastic waste every single day and only a fraction of that is recycled."
"We decided what more can we do instead of just sitting in the sidelines and complaining. Essentially, companies have to pay to dispose the waste, so we solved their problem."
"That waste essentially comes for free."
Explaining the process in detail, her company gets the plastic waste from packaging factories or buys it from other recyclers, she mixes with sand as the plastic like the binder.
The company has three machines, the extruder does the mixing of plastic waste, with sand, at very high temperatures and then the press compresses it.
"Plastic is fibrous in nature, so therefore, the brick ends up having a stronger compression strength," Matee added. "We right now have a capacity of producing 1000 to 15000 bricks a day."
"So far we have recycled 20 metric tons, and we're looking to push that value to 50 by the end of next financial year," she added.
"Plastic is a material that is misused and misunderstood"
According to the young entrepreneur, plastic has an "enormous" potential to work with it, but it is "misused and misunderstood."
“It is absurd that we still have this problem of providing decent shelter – a basic human need,” continued Matee. "Plastic is a material that is misused and misunderstood. The potential is enormous, but its after life can be disastrous."
The company's pavers are fully certified by the Kenyan Bureau of Standards. They have a melting point over 350°C, and they are much stronger than their concrete equivalents.
Matee, who specialized in material science and worked as an engineer in Kenya’s oil industry, was inspired to launch her business after routinely coming across plastic bags strewn along Nairobi’s streets.
In 2017, she quit her job - who was working as a data analyst and set up a small lab in her mother’s back yard. There, she began creating and testing pavers, which are a combination of plastic and sand.
Although her neighbours complained about the noisy machine she was using, Matee waited for one year to develop the right ratios for her paving bricks.
"I shut down my social life for a year, and put all my savings into this,” she said. "My friends were worried."
According to UNEP, globally, people purchase 1 million plastic drinking bottles in every minute while up to 5 trillion single-use plastic bags are used annually.
"Through trial and error, she and her team learned that some plastics bind together better than others. Her project was given a boost when Matee won a scholarship to attend a social entrepreneurship training programme in the United States of America. With her paver samples packed in her luggage, she used the material labs in the University of Colorado Boulder to further test and refine the ratios of sand to plastic," explained in UNEP's website.
With this process, Matee also developed the machinery she would use to make the bricks. "Once we know how to make one paver, we need to know how to make 1,000 pavers," she explained.
"We must rethink how we manufacture industrial products and deal with them at the end of their useful life," said Soraya Smaoun, who specializes in industrial production techniques with UNEP.
"Nzambi Matee’s innovation in the construction sector highlights the economic and environmental opportunities when we move from a linear economy, where products, once used, are discarded, to a circular one, where products and materials continue in the system for as long as possible."
All images courtesy of Gjenge Makers Ltd. | <urn:uuid:169eadf2-ecd6-4933-8e3f-0f260d678735> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-news/egmeg/kenyan-startup-founder-nzambi-matee-recycles-plastic-to-make-bricks-that-are-stronger-than-concrete.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9653 | 1,060 | 2.421875 | 2 |
In the United States, a new sport is on the rise....frisbee throwing. Most people know?
GV Frisbee players in action. (2 shots)
SV Frisbee players practising.
GV Festival in progress
SV Frisbee players in action.
GV Younger frisbee players demonstrating skills.
GV PAN OF Dog catching frisbee.
TRANSCRIPT: REPORTER: "If you've ever considered the frisbee merely a frivolous toy, you might want to change your opinion. It's still a toy but its a lot less frivolous. Because the not so frivolous Smithsonian Institution sponsored its first annual frisbee festival today, and several thousand frisbee enthusiasts came to the mall in front of the Capitol building to hurl their plastic discs and watch professional frisbee experts demonstrate their craft. Age didn't seem to be a restriction. And not all of the experts were human. Jackson Bain, NBC News, Washington."
Initials VS 18.25
SPORT: FRISBEE THROWING
REPORTER: JACKSON BAIN
Script is copyright Reuters Limited. All rights reserved
Background: In the United States, a new sport is on the rise....frisbee throwing. Most people know the small plastic disc as a toy, but as NBC's Jackson Bain reports from Washington, it's now being developed as a serious sport. | <urn:uuid:a072d5ad-8857-4cdb-8b0a-723864f6e8d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA43QGP33HZNOQG1CF6XFZC1YH4-USA-FRISBEE-THROWING-FESTIVAL-SHOWS-TOY-BECOMING-SERIOUS-SPORT | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932492 | 353 | 1.6875 | 2 |
By Dr. Rahul Chandhok, Psychiatry
A general anxiety disorder is normally referred to as a psychological disorder which is indicated by abnormal and excessive anxiety. You can be anxious regarding a lot of things such as your work, relationships or financial issues.
General anxiety disorder can turn chronic, and you can begin to worry about things which are basically unrealistic. People who suffer from this particular psychological disorder tend to become anxious easily and generally tend to worry about things without any apparent reason.
How do you know whether you have generalized anxiety disorder
General Anxiety disorder is generally detected when an individual is unable to control his/her anxiety more often than not. It generally lasts for around six to seven weeks and during this time, the individual tends to be overly concerned about family, health, money and various other issues.
General anxiety disorder is generally characterized by symptoms such as:
- Sleep disturbance and being unable to sleep at all
- A restless feeling
- Getting irritated easily
- Difficulty in concentrating and getting easily fatigued after normal physical exercise
- Tension in the muscles after moderate physical activities
There is a gradual onset of the disease and can happen anytime during the entire life cycle. The risk of developing generalized anxiety disorder is generally highest during childhood and adolescence and can sometimes carry on to the middle ages. People who are suffering from this particular disorder might understand that they are worrying for all the wrong reasons and still not stop worrying. Generally, it has been observed that women tend to suffer more from generalized anxiety disorder in comparison to men.
The exact cause of General Anxiety disorder is not yet identified, but a number of factors have known to cause this particular disorder. The principal factors which have been identified include:
- Family background
- Biological factors or stressful life experiences
People who are suffering from this particular disease mildly can function properly in their day to day life as well as work. However, people who have an acute condition of General Anxiety Disorder can face various difficulties in their day to day lives and need immediate psychiatric help and counseling. | <urn:uuid:30fe1b23-7de6-4152-8d9e-16ba3721343d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blog.lybrate.com/2018/03/07/generalised-anxiety-disorder-know-everything-about-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96233 | 420 | 3.09375 | 3 |
"Her team recently tested a novel approach to foreign language classes that originated in a school. Teachers at Gymnasium Kirchheim in Kirchheim by Munich, Germany, had found apparent success with a technique called 'scenic learning', which involves choral recitals of vocabulary accompanied by gestures and movements matched to meaning.
In a study of 137 students, Hille found those who had used scenic learning remembered three times as many new words 14 weeks later as those who had been taught using conventional methods, and spoke with better pronunciation and fluency. 'I have never seen such strong effects in a previous study,' says Hille."
The last sentence is pretty startling, but that's the whole thing, and I've been unable to find any mention of it anywhere else. Perhaps it was simply a conference paper that has yet to be published. Anyhow, I've sent off an e-mail, and if I learn anything more, I'll follow up here. | <urn:uuid:abff5424-e424-442f-b855-9b8c0dad8413> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://english-jack.blogspot.com/2009/10/scenic-learning.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.987211 | 196 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The head of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warned the country faces “rough times” amid a deepening COVID-19 pandemic that is putting the healthcare system at risk of collapse.
The comments from CDC Director Dr Robert Redfield came as the number of people admitted to hospital with COVID-19 exceeded 100,000 for the first time.
“The reality is that December, January and February are going to be rough times,” Redfield said in a livestream presentation hosted by the US Chamber of Commerce Foundation.
“I actually believe they’re going to be the most difficult time in the public health history of this nation.”
He said the latest coronavirus surge had already proven more devastating than previous waves in terms of its geographic scope and steeper trajectory of rising infection rates, hospitalisations and deaths.
Besides the loss of life, Redfield said, the country faces the prospect of a healthcare system strained to the point of collapse, before vaccines become widely available.
Death toll still rising
More than 270,000 Americans have died from COVID-19 to date. And the University of Washington’s influential Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation has projected the toll could reach nearly 450,000 by March 1 without greater attention to social distancing and mask-wearing.
“We’re potentially looking at another 150,000 to 200,000 people (dead) before we get into February,” Redfield said, urging people to wear masks, maintain social distancing and wash their hands frequently.
On Wednesday, the COVID Tracking Project said in a social media post that there were 100,226 people currently in hospital with the disease in the United States, “the first time hospitalisations have exceeded 100k”.
Redfield sounded the alarm as US health experts welcomed British emergency approval for Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine, a sign that US regulators may soon follow suit.
The dire coronavirus warning in the US came as health experts on welcomed British emergency approval of Pfizer Inc’s COVID-19 vaccine, a sign that US regulators may soon follow suit [Mike Blake/Reuters]Britain has said it will start inoculating high-risk people early next week, a move that could make Americans more confident about the prospect of a mass vaccination campaign reminiscent of the anti-polio campaigns of the 1950s and 1960s.
“This should be very reassuring. An independent regulatory authority in another country has found this vaccine to be safe and effective for use,” US Health Secretary Alex Azar told the Fox Business Network on Wednesday.
A US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) panel of outside advisers will meet on December 10 to discuss whether to recommend emergency use authorisation of the Pfizer vaccine.
Moderna’s vaccine, which employs similar technology as Pfizer’s and was also nearly 95 percent effective in preventing illness in a pivotal clinical trial, is expected to be reviewed a week later.
While some US health officials described a timeline that assumed FDA authorisation would come within days of the December 10 meeting, others have said it could take weeks.
“Surely we want a vaccine available as soon as it is deemed safe. We want to make sure that we can provide accurate information to the public,” said Dr Lisa Costello, a professor of paediatrics at the West Virginia University School of Medicine who is helping advise West Virginia’s state government on vaccine distribution.
Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca, whose experimental vaccine with Oxford University is in third-stage trials, have already started manufacturing their vaccines and say distribution could begin almost immediately after approval.
Beyond regulatory hurdles, vaccinations face opposition from significant numbers of Americans who reject medical science and fear vaccines as harmful.
Many Americans have also refused to follow basic public health guidance on wearing masks and avoiding crowds. | <urn:uuid:ef0266d0-4dcf-4e8b-a5cb-d9f79c11fef5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myshowroom.tv/cdc-warns-us-of-covid-19-rough-times-as-hospitalisations-surge-54198/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952899 | 815 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior. It has been defined several ways: righteous, humble, teachable, and patient under suffering, long suffering willing to follow gospel teachings; an attribute of a true disciple.
Meekness has been contrasted with humility as referring to behavior towards others, whereas humility refers to an attitude towards oneself – meekness meaning restraining one’s own power, so as to allow room for others.
Main article: The Virtue of Meekness
- The Israelite Apostle Paul gave an example of meek behavior when writing to Timothy:
“The servant of the Lord must be gentle, apt to teach, patient, in meekness instructing those that oppose themselves.” (2 Tim. 2:24–25)
- Sir Thomas Browne explained: “Meekness takes injuries like pills, not chewing, but swallowing them down.” This indicates that meekness allows a person to overlook or forgive perceived insults or offenses.
- The meek feature in the Beatitudes, and were linked thereby to the classical virtue of magnanimity by Aquinas.
- Latter Day Saint Apostle of Jesus Christ, Elder David A. Bednar, said in April 2018,
“Meekness is a defining attribute of the Redeemer and is distinguished by righteous responsiveness, willing submissiveness, and strong self-restraint.” He further said, “Whereas humility generally denotes dependence upon God and the constant need for His guidance and support, a distinguishing characteristic of meekness is a particular spiritual receptivity to learning both from the Holy Ghost and from people who may seem less capable, experienced, or educated, who may not hold important positions, or who otherwise may not appear to have much to contribute.”
- Beethoven rejected meekness and equality in favor of cultural elitism: “Power is the moral principle of those who excel others”.
- Nietzsche rejected Christian meekness as part of a parasitic revolt by the low against the lofty, the manly, and the high.
Main article: Faqr and Ghina (Poverty and Richness)
- Buddhism, like Christianity, strongly values meekness – the Buddha himself (in an earlier life) featuring as the ‘Preacher of Meekness’ who patiently had his limbs lopped off by a jealous king without complaining.
- Taoism valorized the qualities of submission and non-contention.
- Book of Numbers chapter 12 verse 3: Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men which were upon the face of the earth.
- In Islam, faqr, sometimes translated as “poverty“, is one of the central attitudes in a Faqeer. It was also one of the attributes of the Prophet. He said “faqr is my pride“. In a spiritual sense, faqr is defined as the absence of desire for wealth, recognition or for the blessings of the otherworld. One of the aspects of one who has embodied the true essence of faqr, is that the mystic will never ask anything of anyone else. The reason for this is for one to ask someone else for anything they would be relying on a created being. To receive something from that same being would produce gratitude in the heart which would be geared toward the giver, not towards God.
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | <urn:uuid:a4060eac-1c9d-4faf-8dbc-1d21a51ec39b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slife.org/meekness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953432 | 729 | 3.53125 | 4 |
3DPrinterOS announces move to Microsoft Azure to globally expand their cloud operating platform for easily managing 1000’s of networked 3D printers, users, and designs in order to revolutionize the fragmented world of 3D printing software.
For enterprises and schools looking to manage the 3D printing process,3DPrinterOS provides a single, centralized workflow. This makes it incredibly easy for IT managers to give access to 3D printing directly through any web browser. The 3DPrinterOS cloud platform has unleashed decentralized manufacturing and has built over 62,000 parts in 100 different countries in just the past 8 months.
“We are extremely excited to collaborate with Microsoft Azure to serve our Enterprise Clients with its highly secure, hyper-scale global cloud,” said 3DPrinterOS CEO John Dogru. “It was a challenge to find the right company that had the cloud infrastructure, compliance, security, and reliability around the world including countries like China and Europe.”
John Dogru, CEO Chief Architect, 3DPrinterOS.“The cloud is transforming entire industries and creating new opportunities for even the most innovative new businesses,” said Senior Director of Microsoft Azure, Nicole Herskowitz.“The market leading scale and speed of Microsoft Azure helps spur global growth opportunities for companies like 3DPrinterOS who are utilizing cloud computing and IoT connected devices in a completely new model of decentralized manufacturing.”
Nicole Herskowitz, senior director of product marketing, Microsoft Azure, Microsoft Corp.The move to Azure gives 3DPrinterOS customers access to the benefits of local data residency and redundancy providing customers the assurance of a data failover. Database systems and other large data repositories can also have a backup and recovery site that meets the same criteria.Find out more and get a demo for your enterprise or school at: email@example.com About 3DPrinterOS:3DPrinterOS is the largest and fastest growing virtual factory in the world, enabling real-time web to direct 3D printing. Their cloud infrastructure helps businesses and universities of all sizes securely access and manage their analytics, users, files and manufacturing machines from a single interface. Trusted by companies such as Ford and Cisco, and Universities such as Duke, Yale, Purdue, UTEP, CalTech, UMD and UC Davis; 3DPrinterOS has manufactured over 62,000 parts in 100+ countries in the past 8 months. | <urn:uuid:f6a440dc-1a49-415f-90d3-74b2cc794017> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.3dprinteros.com/articles/3dprinteros-scales-factory-of-the-future-platform-with-microsoft-azure | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.910291 | 508 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Original iPhone To Be “Obsolete” From 11 June
The original iPhone will soon reach “obsolete” status at Apple retail stores. Obsolete status means that a product is not eligible for repairs or parts replacement even if the customer pays for it. The date the original iPhone reaches obsolete status is June 11, 2013, according to 9to5Mac, which obtained a leaked memo revealing the date. More than 6.1 million units of the device were sold during its lifecycle.
Other Apple products that will be considered ‘vintage’ as of June 11, 2013 include the mid-2007 models of the iMac, the late 2006 model Xserve, and the original Mac Pro. 9to5Mac has the list of newly minted vintage and obsolete products, while Apple maintains a list of all products named vintage or obsolete going back to the Apple II.
Steve Jobs officially introduced the iPhone at Macworld on January 9th, 2007. This ‘revolutionary’ smartphone came with a 3.5-inch touchscreen display (320 x 480), 2MP camera, iOS, and weighed in at 135 grams. Since this date we’ve seen the device progress and become thinner, more powerful and come with a larger screen. At the upcoming WWDC 2013 Apple will finally show off the new version of iOS – which apparently has a ‘flat’ design.
The end of an era. The original Apple iPhone is headed to the museum. | <urn:uuid:0b995a85-266d-43a8-8c89-26fca02e6efd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.igyaan.in/43616/original-iphone-obsolete/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.933381 | 304 | 2 | 2 |
Every sound is created by a vibration of an object. Our ears perceive these vibrations and based on the frequency and length of sound waves, the nerves in our ears send different the signals to our brain. That is how we hear all the sounds, but music is different from other sounds, because it has certain elements that controls and sorts these vibrations and makes it pleasant and harmonic.
One of these elements is rhythm. That means music has some specific, regular pattern. It is not just random collection of sounds. Every sounds has its place and they are all put is specific order that usually repeats. That means all the beats are grouped together. These groups of beats are called meters. Meters make these patterns and that is what makes music organized. Rhythm is one of the most important aspects that separate different music genres.
Next one is melody. Basically, melody is notes put in specific pattern. Notes are actually the height of sound. That means the height of sounds is ordered in harmonic way. There can be simple melodies that contain only single scale and also melodies with many chromatic notes.
Then there is also a texture of music. It is rhythm and melody put together. These both elements together make the musical piece sound in specific way. For example if the melody is complicated and there are many instruments playing at the same time, texture is considered as thick. The single melody is dense. Texture also refers to width to highest and lowest notes.
Timbre is what describes the uniqueness of the instrument pay or voice of the singer. The same note in the same frequency can sound very different played on different musical instruments. Also the technique of instrument play can affect the timbre, so if the two different people will play the same instrument, it will not sound exactly the same. It also refers to voice – every person sounds different when singing the same song.
Expression is what makes music different without changing the rhythm or melody. It can be done by adding some effects to the voice or instrument play. For example musician can make notes longer or shorter, also can change the intonation of the notes or change a pitch a little bit. That can give musical piece different sense.
And the last one is form or composition. That is the overall structure of the song. You probably have noticed that most of the songs have versus and chorus and they are arranged in specific order. There can also be different forms, for example only versus or even something completely different. The most common forms have specific names for example, strophic form, binary form, rondo form, developmental form etc.
These elements are what make music different from all the other sounds. They make music catchy, favorable and pleasure. If music not like that, it is just bunch of sounds put together. | <urn:uuid:15ad4640-3dee-4fab-9a8e-7520ae861ce9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.icrex.fi/basic-elements-music/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95831 | 560 | 4.125 | 4 |
On Feb. 24, UC San Diego announced that the Biomedical Library was renamed to the Sally T. WongAvery Library, after UCSD alumna and donor Sally T. WongAvery. UCSD Library officials have begun the process of gradually introducing the new name.
“We’re really working towards a recognition event on April 23, […] but students will see name changes starting to happen over the next few weeks,” Audrey Geisel librarian Erik Mitchell said.
The name change was in light of WongAvery’s $10 million donation to the library, as well as her contributions with the library’s East Asia Collection, which features a compilation of books, newspapers, and other print media in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages.
“[WongAvery] is a member of the UC San Diego Foundation and has been a really active member of the Chinese community in San Diego […] She started partnering with us to preserve some of the print publications from the Chinese community here in San Diego,” Mitchell stated.
WongAvery’s work specifically included sourcing and preserving copies of local Chinese media, adding both digital and print copies to the collection. The publications preserved included “the Chinese News, the first Chinese language newspaper in San Diego, and We Chinese magazine, a current publication that documents the community,” according to Mitchell.
Mitchell would elaborate that the donation will continue to expand and support the East Asia Collection, including the collection of local publications and other scholarly materials, in addition to more broadly supporting East Asian studies at the university.
“The gift that is connected to this building naming [..] will ensure that it’s really providing support for the library to do collection development, hold events, and provide lots of different types of support around the area of East Asian culture and scholarship,” Mitchell said.
Mitchell continued that while most of the donation will support the East Asia collection, a smaller portion will eventually fund library improvements.
“A little bit of the funding will go to improvements to the WongAvery Library, but we haven’t really identified what those are yet,” Mitchell said. “I think the library is in pretty good shape, but I can imagine maybe changes to furniture or investments that are kind of centered around helping students make better use of that space in the future.”
While the former Biomedical Library will bear WongAvery’s name, there are no plans to change the focus of the media located in the WongAvery Library, which will remain mostly geared toward the biomedical field.
“The [WongAvery] Library is located at the heart of the Biomedical campus […]. It has a focus as a place where our biomedical collection lives, and it’ll continue to be there,” stated Mitchell.
The WongAvery Library has been known as the Biomedical Library since 1969. Accordingly, UCSD administration has focused on promoting the name change to better acquaint students.
“We want to make sure students are aware of this name change so that they do not get confused when trying to book a study room in that building or request other services,” said UCSD Director of Library Communications Nikki Kolupalio.
Eleanor Roosevelt College junior Brandon Liu supported WongAvery’s donation and the renaming, expressing the personal impact made on him as an Asian-American student.
“Knowing WongAvery’s contributions, I feel like renaming the library [after her] would really cement the legacy of East Asian graduates at UCSD. It shows how UCSD has impacted the careers and lives of Asian students,” Liu said.
With WongAvery’s donation, Library staff seek to make the East Asia Collection a broad resource for East Asian studies. The collection’s print archives will remain at their current location on the fourth floor of Geisel Library in addition to over a million digital archives online.
Photo courtesy of Pfeiffer Partners. | <urn:uuid:5ec05387-9bad-4429-a6b2-9d630bf9df09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ucsdguardian.org/2022/03/06/biomedical-library-renamed-to-sally-t-wongavery-library/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955978 | 836 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The most famous finding resulting from the Hawthorne Studies is what is now called the Hawthorne Effect, the change in behavior of a test subject when they know they are being observed. InRichard M. Organizational growth was an indicator of successful management.
Although there are similarities and differences between the two disciplines, there is still confusion around differentiating organizational behavior and organizational psychology. Relevant research includes customer-supplier relationships, employer-employee relationships, and the examination of role expectations aligned with gender.
This gave rise to contingency theoryinstitutional theoryand organizational ecology. Attempts are made to restore the situation to what has worked in the past by eliminating differences.
The entrepreneur is convinced that their idea for a product or service is needed and wanted in the marketplace. Nonetheless, if you agree with me on this specific definition, how many of us do practice effective communication.
Subsequently, for the next half a decade, Continental posted twenty-four consecutive profitable quarters in a time when their competitors struggled to remain afloat. In this case, is sending an e-mail message or posting a notice a form of communication.
Do not forget Points 1 and 2 So folks…remember to be nice. Citizen action groups became increasingly effective in forcing corporations to examine their environmental impact. They see themselves in specific roles, and are unable to view their jobs as part of a larger system. The topics covered by Micro OB include cognition, decision making, learning, motivation, negotiation, impressions, group process, stereotyping, and power and influence.
Change in management is followed by 2 an evaluation stage, 3 implementing emergency actions and stabilization procedures, and finally, 4 a return to growth. This is what I call the Pan Disequilibrium. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Another approach is to rapidly liquidate the organization, and extract as much remaining value as possible, although Harrigan notes that there are often financial, legal, structural, and emotional obstacles to this strategy. Environmental considerations began to be addressed at the manufacturing level so that harmful materials and waste were minimized or removed from the production process.
A fourth discipline in that only shared mental models are important for organizational learning.
The project manager becomes the focal point for information and activities related to a specific project. There is an illusion that once a sense of community occurs within an organization it will remain constant.
Cyert and James G. In applying the biological life-cycle model to organizations, Wilson identified two different types of organizational decline: There are several theories to explain these findings.
Learning and innovation comes from the group as a whole Many organization experience brief periods of community, but they are not able to sustain those periods.
In part because of the Second World War, during the s, the field focused on logistics and management science. The Re-birth of Continental Airlines The following details the profile of Continental Airlines, one of the best airline companies in America and the world currently.
A range of theories emerged in the s and s and include theories from notable OB researchers such as: The second is one of communication. History While organizational behavior as a field of academic study was not fully recognized by the American Psychological Association until the s, its roots go back to the late s when the Hawthorne Electric Company set up a series of experiments designed to discern how changes in environment and design changed the productivity of their employees.
Weber analyzed one of these organizations and came to the conclusion that bureaucracy was "an organization that rested on rational-legal principles and maximized technical efficiency. One of the main goals of organizational behavior is "to revitalize organizational theory and develop a better conceptualization of organizational life".
Faculty Research Interests Brandy Aven: Taylor advocated for maximizing task efficiency through the scientific method. The fifth discipline is a commitment to a systems approach. Organizational Development (OD) is a field of research, theory, and practice dedicated to expanding the knowledge and effectiveness of people to accomplish more successful organizational change and.
The history of organizational research at Carnegie Mellon is one of path-breaking, highly influential, interdisciplinary research and the Ph.D. program in Organizational Behavior and Theory (OBT) at the Tepper School continues in this tradition. Drop Box Application and Organizational Behavior Theory, Questions and Answers Words Feb 17th, 11 Pages It’s not a far stretch to say business consumers did not take Dropbox’s mascot, an AK wielding T-Rex riding a shark, with a bald eagle on its back, seriously, which did not bode well for the company’s future.
Macro organizational theory studies whole organizations and industries, including how they adapt, and the strategies, structures, and contingencies that guide them.
Concepts such as leadership, decision making, team building, motivation, and job satisfaction are all facets of organizational behavior and responsibilities of management.
1 Practical-Theoretical Approach in the Application of Theory Models of Organizational Behavior Dr. Robert DeYoung - Saint Thomas University ABSTRACT. Video: Attribution Theory Applications in Organizations: Definition & Examples Attribution theory is a psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior and can be quite useful in the.Application of organizational behaviour theory | <urn:uuid:b22369a0-46a8-4c70-ae43-a98db8f3978d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sylehucuzurewi.thesanfranista.com/application-of-organizational-behaviour-theory-23811dk.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.943989 | 1,053 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Haridwar:- Haridwar a religious destination is a blend of fascinating and colorful culture. The sacred and the holiest city in India situated near Ganga, the holy river. People from other places come here to immerse the ashes of their loved ones and take a dip in a Ganga to wash their sins. It has now become the spiritual hub and prime centre to learn Sanskrit because various ashrams and temples are all around Haridwar. Haridwar reflects the culture and spirituality of India and has many other religious connotation places which are must see or recommended to visit.
Here are some places which you can include in your bucket list while planning a trip to Haridwar.
- Har ki Pauri:- Har ki Pauri, the famous ghat and main landmark for the devotees on the banks of holy river Ganga. It is said that from mountains it is the exit point of river Ganga. The main attraction Ganga Aarti, which is famous worldwide happen in Brahmakund area, where the nectar felled. Hindu's biggest fairs Ardh Kumbh and Kumbh also happen at Har ki Pauri.
- Bharat Mata Mandir:- Bharat Mata Mandir, whose foundation was laid by Swami Satyamitranand Giri, it is one of the highest 180 ft. unique and massive multi-storey temple, dedicated to all historical deities and to Mother India. It has 8 floors, where each is dedicated either to Gods or to mythological heroes. Like on the first floor, it has a statue of Bharat Mata, on second floor Shur Mandir is there which is dedicated to the heroes of India. On third floor, there is Matru Mandir dedicated to all women achievers like Gargi, Maitri, Anusuya, Ahilya, Draupadi, Savitri, Mira, and Radha. The Fourth floor also called the Sant Mandir is devoted to the saints of various religions. In fifth-floor various wall paintings of different religions were there in the assembly hall. The sixth floor depicts different forms of Goddess Shakti. On seventh floor, various incarnations of Lord Vishnu is featured and on the last floor shrine of supreme God Shiva is there.
- Mansa Devi Temple:- Mansa Devi Temple is situated on the Bilwa Parvat. This temple is dedicated to the Goddess Mansa, who fulfills all wishes. There are two idols of Goddess are there, one has three mouths and five arms and another idol has eight arms. Another fascinating attraction is the cable car, through which you can reach there.
Rishikesh:- Rishikesh is the holy place situated of Dehradun district of Uttrakhand. It is also one of the holy places of that holds very important place in Hindu mythology. Along with holy place Rishikesh is also known as yoga capital of India. Here, many tourists from India and from different corners of the world visit for spending vacation and for religious visit. At this place tourist loves to see the famous Laxman Jhula.
Laxman Jhula:- The Jhula is made of jute rope and it is made much stronger by government authorities and other dedicated work of volunteers. It is one of the most attractive destinations for tourists coming to Rishikesh.
Ram Jhula:- is an iron suspension bridge situated at Muni Ki Reti in Rishikesh. It connects Swargadham, Gita Bhawan and other temples and is situated 3 km north of Rishikesh. Built in the 1980s, over the Ganges to cross the river is also a landmark in the city. One can see much more commotion here than in Lakshman Jhula as there are more ashrams and temples near this bridge.
Sivananda Ashram:- is located beside the holy river Ganges. It is the headquarters and spiritual focal point of a vast worldwide organization called "The Divine Life Society”. This Ashram caters to the cultural needs of the people of all class. Its aim is to disseminate spiritual knowledge through the preservation of the ancient traditions and cultural practices of India by establishing centres for practicing yoga, publishing books, magazines etc.
Gita Bhawan:- is situated on the banks of the holy river Ganges, in the middle of Himalayan ranges at Swargashram. It comprises a number of discourse halls and over 1000 rooms which are available free of charge for the stay of devotees. It offers many quiet and peaceful spots for sadhana and meditation which attracts numerous devotees to flock in.
Swarg Ashram:- means Heavenly Adobe. It is located 5 km from Rishikesh. As the name connotes, it is a beautiful place situated in picturesque surroundings at the foothills of Himalayas. Swarg Ashram built in memory of Swami Vishudhanand is the spiritual "ground zero” of Rishikesh, filled with a assemblage of various ashrams and temples. | <urn:uuid:e7cd05e3-c5a2-4224-9e2f-ad243fb566c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://travelhousedelhi.com/tourdetails/view/haridwar-and-rishikesh-tour/82 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960683 | 1,041 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Current season Total Allowable Catch (TAC)
Total Allowable Commercial Catch||1050.7 tonnes||100 kgs/unit|
Total Allowable Recreational Catch ||170 tonnes||- |
Total Allowable Catch||1220.7 tonnes||- |
|East Coast Catch Cap||94 tonnes||-|
|North East Catch Cap||100 tonnes||-|
The rock lobster fishery primarily targets southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii), and small amounts of eastern rock lobster (Jasus verreauxi) (less than 1% of the fishery). Southern rock lobster is an important commercial fishery as well as being highly valued by recreational and Aboriginal fishers.
Commercial fishers use baited pots to harvest lobster all around Tasmania, including in waters surrounding major islands. Most of the commercial catch comes from the western half of the state, with fishers frequently facing rough weather and poor conditions to land their catch. The commercial fleet also harvest rock lobster from the East Coast, which is also an important area for the recreational fishery.
Managing the fishery
The rock lobster fishery is managed under the
Living Marine Resources Management Act 1995 and
Fisheries (Rock Lobster) Rules 2011.
A number of controls ensure the sustainable management of lobster resources, as well as the industry's ongoing viability. These arrangements include limited entry (312 licences),
restricted seasons, gear restrictions and requirements, a total allowable catch (TAC); individual transferable quota units (ITQs) (10,507 units), minimum size limits and a comprehensive monitoring regime that requires documentation and real-time reporting. Catch limits are also in place for recreational fishers.
Total allowable catch and catch updates
Each year, the rock lobster total allowable catch (TAC) is set for the next quota year which runs from 1 March to 28/29 February each year. A portion of the TAC is allocated to the commercial sector, known as the total allowable commercial catch (TACC). The TACC is split equally amongst the 10,507 quota units issued in the fishery. To determine the value of each quota unit, the yearly TACC is divided by 10,507. As the TACC changes, the value of the quota units are amended.
In addition to the statewide TACC, there are also competitive catch caps for the East Coast and North East areas of the Fishery.
Go to the
Rock Lobster Catch page for the monthly catch update on the amount of rock lobster harvested by commercial fishermen statewide and in
East Coast Catch Cap area and
North East Catch Cap area.
There are some waters where rock lobster fishing cannot take place at any time, including marine reserves (State and Commonwealth), research areas and no potting areas. These are listed below with links provided to maps.
Rock Lobster Closed Areas
In Tasmania, generally rock lobster fishing is prohibited in the seven Marine Nature Reserves, however, some marine reserves have areas where restricted recreational and commercial fishing is allowed.
Go to the Marine Reserve page for more information about Marine Nature Reserves and Commonwealth Marine Parks.
Fisheries research areas may have restrictions that prohibit rock lobster fishing. Go to the
Fisheries Research Areas page for more information. | <urn:uuid:e3fe5e1d-63d3-4d9e-ba0a-729cf5b255a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nre.tas.gov.au/sea-fishing-aquaculture/commercial-fishing/rock-lobster-fishery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.922361 | 677 | 1.71875 | 2 |
From the moment Karl Marx put pen to paper, pro-capitalist political commentators and academics have attempted to bury his ideas. But successive generations of political activists have continually turned to Marx’s ideas, from the best working class fighters who joined the various communist and socialist parties in the early 20th century to the student radicals who stood up to the horrors of Vietnam war in the 1960s, embracing his searing indictment of capitalism and his argument for revolution.
Today, with millions around the world plunged into the indignity and pain of unemployment, hunger and homelessness, and with whole swathes of the Middle East torn apart, Marx’s ideas have an enduring relevance. They are essential for understanding why modern capitalism is so obscene. For those of us who want to win a society free of the misery and class inequality that scar our world, they are also indispensable as a guide to action.
“Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other – capitalists and workers”
– The Communist Manifesto
Despite all the pronouncements that class doesn’t exist, that the biggest divisions are those between nations, sexes, or cultures, Marx was right about the nature of capitalism. It is a system defined by the exploitation of the working class by the capitalists. When Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto and later, Capital, capitalism dominated only in pockets of Europe and North America. Most of the the world’s population were peasants, independent farmers or tribal groups.
However, capitalism quickly became a global system. Around the world, peasants were thrown off their land and pushed into rapidly-developing urban centres. The working class and the capitalist class grew as nation states were established. Society became polarised between these two main social classes. The working class, which includes white collar and blue collar workers – anyone who has to sell their capacity to labour power to a boss in exchange for a wage – is now more than 2 billion people.
The capitalists on the other hand are a tiny part of the population. Yet they wield enormous power through their private ownership and control over the means of producing wealth in our society, whether that’s arable land, the mines, the offices or the factories. They are the ones who get to decide what gets produced and how it’s distributed, who will have a job and who will be thrown into poverty. They are the ones who decide whether our natural resources will be plundered or preserved. They are ones who can make or break governments.
As society has become polarised between the working class and capitalists, it has been increasingly marred by grotesque inequality. This is part of the structure of our society, and it helps to explain why the classes not only exist, but are “hostile camps”. Wealth doesn’t just come from thin air. The profits of the capitalists are not a product of their genius or hard work. They come from paying us less than the value that we produce at work. And because the capitalists are locked into competition with each other, they’re always seeking ways to cut costs and maximise the profits they can squeeze out of us.
Capitalism is therefore characterised by a never-ending struggle between labour on one side against the capitalists and their allies in the parliamentary and legal system on the other. This class struggle is waged over the rate of exploitation, over safety and conditions at work, over whether essential services like hospitals and public transport that working class people rely on will be publicly funded or privatised, and so on. This class struggle is sometimes hidden and at other times it is part of an open battle. It can be clearly seen in the attempts by governments to slash social spending and hold down wages.
“What the capitalist class therefore produces, above all, are its own gravediggers”
– The Communist Manifesto
Marx was also right when he argued that the only group in society capable of fundamentally challenging the inequality, war and oppression was the very class that was most impacted by these things – the working class. The horrors of capitalism inevitably push all its victims to resist. But Marx argued that the working class has a special capacity to be the system’s gravediggers.
Marx saw the working class as the agent for revolutionary change for several reasons. First, we have numbers on our side. As the poet Percy Shelley famously put it, “Ye are many, they are few”. But more important is the centrality of workers to production and profit making. Without our labour in the workplace, not a single wheel of industry would turn, not a single product would be produced. If we withdraw our labour, the source of their profits would dry up.
No other group has this power to challenge the functioning of capitalism in such a fundamental way. The working class brings together all people – blacks, whites, gays, straights, men, women, etc. While everyone has a different identity in some way, it is as workers that they can truly wield power.
While capitalism forces workers to compete against each other for jobs, housing, university places and so on, it brings us together in the world of work where we need to cooperate with each other for our workplace to function. Similarly, to bring the economy to a halt, individual heroism won’t do. It requires the active involvement of our workmates. The need for collective action in turn requires that workers build democratic organisations that can inspire solidarity and convince and organise the majority of workers to take action.
This collective nature of working class life and struggle under capitalism gives us the capacity to reorder society in the interests of the majority. In seizing control from the capitalists, workers can’t simply divide up the factories, the hospitals and the offices and share them out individually – one person taking a steel furnace, another a heart monitoring machine, another a photocopier. Obviously, none are sufficient for sustaining life. The only way workers can abolish the conditions of exploitation is to collectivise and socialise the means of production and distribution, democratising all aspects of production and decision making. Given the interdependent nature of the world economy, this process would have to be international, hence Marx’s call for workers of the world to unite.
“The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas”
– The German Ideology
Today, pretty much every idea pushed by the education system, the media, advertising companies etc. justifies capitalism. Ruling ideas include the notion of social mobility – that if we work hard, anybody can make it. They also include the idea that the competitive, individualistic, dog-eat-dog nature of capitalism reflects, not the interests of the elite, but instead our human nature. And because of this “nature”, any attempt to radically alter society through revolutionary struggle will inevitably end in dictatorship, so we’d better not try.
Once again, Marx was right when he argued that a key weapon in the hands of the ruling class is ideology – systems of ideas that attempt to naturalise their privileges and the subordinate position of the majority of people. This isn’t surprising: the capitalist system tramples on the needs and desires of the majority of people in the interests of a minority. To preserve the status quo and stop the gravedigging, they have to both break up the majority and win some of us over to the idea that nothing else is possible. The ruling class has at its disposal the means of disseminating and promoting its ideas on a huge scale.
Take the mass media, which have the capacity to shape public debate on a national scale. They are far from neutral observers. To deflect attention away from the real problems – like crap public transport and overcrowded hospitals – the media help stoke anti-refugee sentiments whenever they decide to give politicians prime time coverage to talk tough about “stopping the boats”. Why would anyone even notice, let alone resent, desperate refugees if it weren’t for the mass media carrying front page stories announcing their arrival?
Another key institution for the dissemination of ideas in our society is the education system, where we’re taught that to get by in society you need to obey the rules and respect or at least tolerate the authority of those above you. These are the types of classroom lessons our rulers hope you will take with you into workforce. We’re also taught about how history is made by great men (and very, very occasionally great women), downplaying the role that masses of ordinary people have played in creating historical change.
The reality of life under capitalism also plays a role in reinforcing pro-capitalist ideas. For instance, because of sexist discrimination in our society, women are generally in lower paid jobs which carry less authority. This fact can in turn reinforce the ideology that women are naturally inferior. The norms under capitalism can become established as natural rather than being seen for what they are – a social construction.
However, while ruling class ideas are dominant, they are never completely hegemonic. Lived experience under capitalism not only reinforces ruling ideas, it also clashes with them. For instance, the promise of social mobility that capitalism holds out to us is continually dashed against the rocks of economic crisis. The clash produces contradictory and mixed ideas in workers’ heads. Most workers accept aspects of capitalist ideology at the same time as holding oppositional ideas. If this weren’t the case, if we were all brainwashed, radical social change would be all but impossible. The civil rights and women’s movements, which were a direct challenge to the ruling ideas, could not have happened.
Key to undermining these ruling ideas is the class struggle itself. When workers go on strike it can reveal to them the real social power that they do have. It can reveal just how indispensable we are to the capitalists and how little we actually need them. It can also undermine the bigoted ideas that workers may hold, because successful working class struggle requires unity in action and solidarity.
Divisions that the capitalist class tries to sow, like sexism and racism, can be overcome because the special oppression of one section of the working class sets back the entire class. As Marx wrote in Capital, “Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded”.
“Philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point is to change it”
– Theses on Feuerbach
Marx was not an armchair thinker. He argued that just understanding the world – knowing the real reasons for war, knowing about the lies the ruling class push, knowing that their wealth is based on our exploitation – was not going to change it. For Marx, gaining a deeper insight into the contradictions of capitalism was not some purely intellectual exercise. The point of developing theory was so that it could inform his political practice. The point of learning about historical struggles was so he could better understand the most effective levers for changing society.
Ideas alone were insufficient for altering the world around us. It wasn’t the ideas of liberty, fraternity and equality that chopped off the heads of the aristocracy during the French revolution. For ideas to have force, especially those that run completely counter to the common sense under capitalism, they need to be organised and embodied in the actions of working class men and women, which is why Marx played a leading role in radical organisations such as the Communist League.
Far from being a mechanical determinist, Marx understood that the victory of socialism over capitalism was not inevitable. Capitalism, despite being wracked by internal contradictions and periodic economic crisis, is not going to collapse of its own accord. Revolutionary social change needs to be fought for. Indeed, to achieve any progressive social change we need to demand, agitate and organise for it. If you want to see an end to the murderous wars; if you want to win genuine equality for LGBTI people; if you want to see the refugees freed from the concentration camps, then you need to put your actions where your mouth is. As the great abolitionist Frederick Douglass put it, “Power concedes nothing without a demand”.
Just a cursory glance at history confirms this. It is working class people who had to fight to win the eight-hour day. It is working class people who have had to fight for and continue to fight for equal pay for women. None of these gains were handed to us by some impersonal law of economic development. Nor were they handed down by some benevolent politician. The leopard has not changed its spots. Twenty-first century capitalism continues to be steeped in the blood and suffering of ordinary people. It’s high time our generation learned how to fight with passion and tenacity against this beast.
Western Australian public sector workers will rally at the state parliament on 17 August to demand that wages keep up with the cost of living. The rally, organised by the Public Sector Alliance of nine trade unions, follows several stop-work rallies held at WA hospitals over the last month, involving thousands of health workers.
The whole country is talking about Labor’s Climate Change Bill. But there’s nothing there.
Chants of “Victory to the RMT” echo through Britain’s major cities as 40,000 rail workers continue their resolute campaign for better pay. Their actions have ignited the confidence of a working class facing wide-ranging assaults on living standards. Headline inflation is running at 9.4 percent in the UK, and ordinary workers are being hit hardest. Housing, water and fuel costs have The investigation into the storming of the US Congress in January last year has proven beyond doubt that Trump was seriously attempting a “soft” coup. Until recently, the media coverage have largely focused on the actions of a motley crew of conspiracists, used-car salesmen and fascists who led the events of 6 January. While undeniably despicable and deserving of serious contestation by the left, these forces are totally marginal to politics in the United States. This article is based on a speech given by Jerome Small, Victorian Socialists Northern Metro candidate in the upcoming state election, at the 30 July United Climate Rally in Melbourne. Workers across the country are facing a largely one-sided class war. A combination of bosses raising prices on essential goods, the housing crisis and profiteering on the part of energy companies is leading to a cost-of-living crisis. Conditions are ripe for a fight back: unemployment is at historic lows, and bosses are so desperate for labour they’re trying to entice pensioners back to work.
The investigation into the storming of the US Congress in January last year has proven beyond doubt that Trump was seriously attempting a “soft” coup. Until recently, the media coverage have largely focused on the actions of a motley crew of conspiracists, used-car salesmen and fascists who led the events of 6 January. While undeniably despicable and deserving of serious contestation by the left, these forces are totally marginal to politics in the United States.
This article is based on a speech given by Jerome Small, Victorian Socialists Northern Metro candidate in the upcoming state election, at the 30 July United Climate Rally in Melbourne.
Workers across the country are facing a largely one-sided class war. A combination of bosses raising prices on essential goods, the housing crisis and profiteering on the part of energy companies is leading to a cost-of-living crisis. Conditions are ripe for a fight back: unemployment is at historic lows, and bosses are so desperate for labour they’re trying to entice pensioners back to work. | <urn:uuid:b08d429d-6054-47c8-82d5-f88756be8fda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://redflag.org.au/node/6856 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.961787 | 3,215 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Study Reports Rare Case of Tongue Muscle Atrophy in LEMS
Following radiotherapy for the tumor, the patient fully recovered control of the tongue.
The study, “Reversible tongue atrophy in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome,” was published in the journal Neurology.
LEMS is characterized by muscle weakness, first noticeable in the legs, which makes walking and climbing stairs increasingly difficult. As the disease progresses, the arms and shoulders are affected. But impairments also can affect the mouth, with patients developing difficulties in speech, chewing, and swallowing.
Here, clinicians report the case of a man, age 48, who was admitted to the hospital with severe limb weakness that also affected his ability to swallow, speak, and chew. The patient also showed impaired respiration and required intubation and ventilation.
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His response to repeated nerve stimulation continually dropped, and his muscles were too weak to undergo further testing, namely voluntary activation and tetanic stimulation. Voluntary activation is a way to assess the neurons’ firing that produce a given force output from a muscle. In tetanic stimulation, a clinician usually stimulates a muscle with a high frequency (50–200 Hz) for five seconds.
This clinical scenario suggested LEMS, which was confirmed by further clinical examination, including blood tests that revealed the presence of antibodies against a protein called SOX1.
The patient underwent treatment with corticosteroids and Firdapse (3,4‐diaminopyridine), which helps restore communication between muscle cells. He also underwent a plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) — the temporary removal of antibodies from the blood. However, the severe muscle weakness in the mouth continued. In fact, two months after showing the symptoms of LEMS, he became unable to fully protrude the tongue and showed a marked shrinkage on both sides of the tongue.
Antibodies against SOX1 are found in a large number of patients with LEMS associated with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The man was later diagnosed with SCLC.
He underwent radiotherapy for the tumor and, three months later, he recovered the tongue’s function. He also had lessened tongue atrophy. The tube inserted into his windpipe (trachea) to help him breathe was removed, and he continued to improve. He recovered full tongue function by 10 months.
This study reports for the first time a case of tongue atrophy in a patient diagnosed with LEMS. It likely was the result of severe damage to the neuromuscular junction, the site where nerve cells and muscles communicate.
While “tongue atrophy uncommonly occurs in generalized myasthenia gravis,” the researchers said, it “has not been previously reported in LEMS.”
“The underlying mechanism may be neurogenic atrophy [most severe type of muscle atrophy] due to severe neuromuscular junction dysfunction,” they concluded. | <urn:uuid:ecfcb9d6-d696-45e9-8751-caf4cb31f60c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lamberteatonnews.com/news/study-reports-rare-case-tongue-muscle-atrophy-lems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96443 | 648 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Export Controls in the United States
The US government controls exports of sensitive equipment, software and technology for reasons of national security and foreign policy. Generally, the goals of US export controls are to (1) protect the national security of the United States by limiting access to the most sensitive US technology and weapons, (2) promote regional stability, (3) prevent the proliferation of weapons and technologies, and (4) protect human rights around the world.
US export controls frequently apply extraterritorially, extending US export controls compliance obligations to non-US persons. For example, an item of US origin can remain controlled under US laws even after its initial export, and require a licence or authorisation for re-export – or even transfer within a single country – from one non-US person to another non-US person. Even certain items produced outside the United States may be subject to US export controls if they are the direct product of certain technology, software or machinery of US origin. In other cases, items that are not of US origin can become subject to US jurisdiction if they contain more than 25 per cent (or in some cases even less) controlled US-origin components, technology or software.
This chapter provides an overview of the US export controls regimes, with a focus on the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), administered by the US Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), which controls dual-use items – meaning items that can be used for civil or military purposes – as well as certain less-sensitive defence articles, and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), administered by the US Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC), which controls military items, ‘defense articles’ and ‘defense services’.
As discussed in Chapter 6 of this guide, the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) also restricts the export of items to certain destinations and entities. Sometimes there is overlapping jurisdiction between OFAC sanctions programmes and other US export control regimes, such as BIS. In some cases, a licence may be required from one or even multiple authorities to export items subject to US jurisdiction, particularly to embargoed destinations. It is important to determine which US export controls regimes may apply to a specific transaction and assess licensing requirements accordingly.
Various other US government entities also play a role in administering US export controls, including the US Department of Commerce’s Census Bureau, which is responsible for ensuring the accuracy of the trade control data reporting; the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Energy, which regulate exports relating to nuclear items and technology; the Federal Emergency Management Authority, which is more recently responsible for overseeing exports of personal protective equipment from the United States; and the US Patent and Trademark Office, which administers regulations overseeing exports of technology in connection with patent applications and related filings. You can find additional information about other US government agencies and offices with export control responsibilities at BIS’s website.
Export Administration Regulations
The EAR, administered by BIS, control the export, re-export or transfer (in-country) of certain items of US origin and, in some cases, of non-US origin. The EAR’s Commerce Control List (CCL), sets out a technically focused list of goods, software and technology with varying levels of controls based on a variety of national security and foreign policy reasons and the country of destination. Apart from the CCL-based controls, the EAR also control the export of certain items to restricted destinations, end uses and end users. BIS has various offices dedicated to overseeing technical review, licensing, providing support to exporters, and investigating and enforcing potential regulatory violations.
Scope of the EAR
The EAR apply to items that are in the United States, items of US origin, wherever located, foreign-produced items that contain more than a de minimis amount of controlled US-origin content, and items that are the direct product of certain US technology and software. This means that both US and non-US persons and companies may have compliance obligations under the EAR, and both US-origin and foreign-produced items may be subject to the EAR.
Subject to the EAR
All items physically located in the United States are subject to the EAR and remain subject to the EAR after export from the United States, for re-export and transfer (in-country), with some exceptions. An item subject to the EAR that is sent from one foreign country to another foreign country is a ‘re-export’. Relatedly a ‘transfer (in-country)’ under the EAR is a change in end use or end user within the same foreign country. In some cases, items in the United States, such as technology, can be considered exported even though the technology has not left the United States, if it is transferred to a non-US person located in the United States. This is referred to as a ‘deemed export’. The EAR further clarify: ‘Any release in the United States of “technology” or source code to a foreign person is a deemed export to the foreign person’s most recent country of citizenship or permanent residency.’
Some items in the United States are not subject to the EAR; these are discussed further below. Additionally there are foreign products that are subject to the EAR in certain circumstances if the foreign-produced item contains more than a de minimis amount of controlled US content (the De Minimis Rule), and certain foreign produced items that are the direct product of US-origin technology and software that is controlled for national security reasons, or are produced by equipment that is the direct product of that technology or software (the Direct Product Rule). In May 2020, the Foreign Direct Product Rule was modified to specifically target certain companies on the Entity List by expanding the scope of non-US origin items that are subject to US export licensing requirements when being transferred to the relevant Entity List entities.
Items not subject to the EAR
Items not subject to the EAR include, among other things, those that are under the exclusive jurisdiction of another US government agency; certain publications, including books, newspapers and periodicals; and information and software that are published, arise during, or result from, fundamental research, are released in an academic institution course (in certain circumstances) or appear in published patent applications.
The EAR can be a complex area of US export controls. We provide the basics of the EAR below; further background details regarding the EAR can be found in Part 732 of the EAR, ‘Steps for Using the EAR’.
To determine your obligations under the EAR, first, you must determine basic information regarding the transaction:
- What is it? Knowing an item’s classification on the CCL is an important first step to determining your obligations under the EAR.
- Where is it going? The country of ultimate destination often determines the licence requirements under the EAR.
- Who will receive it? It is important to screen the end users to confirm that they are not restricted, and to determine whether certain licence exceptions may apply.
- What will they do with it? Certain end uses can independently trigger licensing requirements under the EAR.
- What else does the end user do? Some activities, such as proliferation activities, undertaken by the end user may prevent dealings with them.
A key aspect of the EAR is the General Prohibitions at Part 736 of the EAR. General Prohibitions one to 10 cover a broad set of prohibited activities touching on almost all aspects of the EAR, including exports or re-exports to prohibited end uses or end users (General Prohibition Five); exports or re-exports to embargoed destinations (General Prohibition Six); and proceeding with a transaction with knowledge that a violation has occurred or is about to occur (General Prohibition Ten). General Prohibition Ten can particularly affect non-US companies, especially if they have items in their possession that may have been involved in violations of the EAR. In some cases, authorisation from BIS may be needed prior to return, disposal or any other dealings in items subject to the EAR if there is knowledge that a violation has or is about to occur in relation to those items.
Jurisdiction is a threshold question in determining whether an item is subject to the EAR. For the purposes of the EAR, an item may be subject to the EAR unless it is under the exclusive control of another US regime, such as military items that are controlled under the ITAR. In that sense, the EAR are something of a catch-all regime. Items subject to the EAR also include:
- all items located in the United States;
- items moving in transit through the United States;
- all US-origin items wherever located;
- foreign-made items that incorporate more than a de minimis amount of controlled US-origin content; and
- foreign-made items that are the direct product of certain US-origin technology or software.
If an item is subject to the jurisdiction of the EAR, you will need to conduct a review of the CCL to determine whether the item is listed. The CCL contains a (mostly) positive list of items used by BIS to identify more sensitive dual-use or civil items, as well as some less sensitive defence articles not falling within ITAR control that BIS controls for export, re-export or re-transfer. The CCL entries contain technical parameters that often require the review of technical experts to make a determination. The CCL entries are identified by Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCNs), which are denoted by a five-digit alphanumeric reference. They begin with a number between zero and nine, indicating the general category of the item that is controlled (e.g., electronics, computers and information security); a letter identifying the product group of the item (e.g., software and technology); followed by a final three digits that indicate the type or reason for control (e.g., missile technology, nuclear non-proliferation and Wassenaar Arrangement Munitions List).
If you determine that your item is subject to the jurisdiction of the EAR but is not listed on the CCL, then it is classified as EAR99, which is a catch-all classification. In general, EAR99 items may be exported to most destinations without a licence. However, key exceptions are detailed in the EAR, including where a General Prohibition applies. For example, an EAR99 item may not be exported without a licence to certain restricted destinations, for certain prohibited end uses, or to certain prohibited end users. Currently the destinations that are subject to heightened restrictions under the EAR include Iran, North Korea, Syria, Cuba, Iraq, Russia and the Crimea region of Ukraine.
Licence determination and licence exceptions
Determining whether a licence is required is a key step under the EAR, as the regime only requires a licence for certain exports. For items listed in an ECCN, one must look to see whether the item is controlled for the end destination as specified in the ECCN entry on the CCL and detailed in the Commerce Country Chart. The Commerce Country Chart identifies the ‘reasons for control’ of the items and cross-references the reasons for control with each potential destination country. If the end destination is not subject to the ECCN’s reason for control then a licence is not required for reasons based on the product’s classification and the end destination.
A licence may also be required if one of the 10 General Prohibitions is triggered. As noted above, General Prohibitions can trigger licence requirements, even for EAR99 items not otherwise subject to a licence requirement under the EAR, if they involve a restricted end use or end user, among other things. For example, General Prohibition Nine specifically prohibits violations of any order, term or condition of a licence or licence exception. General Prohibition Five prohibits knowingly exporting or re-exporting any items subject to the EAR to or for a prohibited end user or end use as described in Part 744 of the EAR. For example, certain exports to military end users and for military end uses are prohibited under Section 744.21 of the EAR.
As a final step, if a licence appears to be required under the EAR for the export, re-export or transfer of an item, you should review the Licence Exceptions at Part 740 of the EAR and determine whether any of the Licence Exceptions may apply. The application of an EAR Licence Exception is fact specific; each exception varies in application and has detailed compliance requirements.
BIS lists of parties of concern
BIS has three lists of parties of concern. Inclusion on these lists can have a dramatic effect on the listed parties’ ability to lawfully obtain items subject to US jurisdiction. The BIS Entity List prohibits the listed entities from receiving some or all items subject to the EAR without a licence. The Entity List has been increasingly used in recent years for national security and foreign policy reasons. The Denied Persons List is a list of individuals and entities that have been denied export privileges from the United States. An order to deny export privileges generally restricts the ability of the named party to participate in export and re-export transactions involving, or restrict access to, items subject to the EAR. Finally, the Unverified List is a list of parties whose bona fides BIS has been unable to verify. BIS conducts end-use and end-user visits all over the world via its export enforcement officers (EEO), who are embedded at US embassies. Generally, if an EEO is unable to verify an end user or the end use of an item that was previously exported to a non-US party under a BIS licence, the party is placed on the Unverified List. No licence exceptions may be used to export to these parties and a statement must be obtained prior to shipping anything subject to the EAR (even if not subject to a licence requirement).
Extraterritorial aspects of the EAR
In addition to the foregoing discussion regarding re-exports or transfers of unchanged or unmodified US-origin items that remain subject to the EAR, wherever located, we highlight a few other key extraterritorial aspects of the EAR.
The De Minimis Rule
The De Minimis Rule described in Part 734 of the EAR, requires that certain foreign-produced items that incorporate controlled items of US origin to be subject to the EAR if the percentage of controlled US-origin content is over 25 per cent or (for some countries) 10 per cent. There are a few items that are not eligible for the De Minimis Rule, such as some types of computers and certain encryption technology. General Prohibition Two prohibits the re-export and export from abroad of foreign-made items incorporating more than a de minimis amount of controlled US content. Non-US companies should be aware of the potential compliance obligations under the EAR of incorporating controlled US-origin content into foreign-made items.
Foreign Direct Product Rule
The Direct Product Rule is found in Part 734.3(a), paragraphs (4) and (5) of the EAR. The Direct Product Rule applies to certain foreign-made items that are the direct product of certain US-origin technology or software described in General Prohibition Three. General Prohibition Three also applies to certain items produced in a plant or by a major component of a plant outside the United States that are the direct product of certain technology or software of US origin. It is important to understand that items produced outside the United States, may, in some cases be caught by the Direct Product Rule under the EAR and be subject to US export controls.
EAR export compliance programme
An effective BIS export compliance programme (ECP) is crucial to any company that interacts with items of US origin or items subject to the EAR. As demonstrated above, the EAR are a complex regime and require a tailored and targeted compliance programme to ensure that appropriate regulatory compliance processes and procedures are in place. Compliance programmes implemented by a US-based company and non-US based company may look different depending on the exposure to items subject to the EAR of the non-US company, industry of the company and risk of participating in higher risk transactions. BIS provides several resources on BIS compliance programmes on its website, including elements of an ECP, export compliance guidelines and other background documents. The EAR also contain resources (in Part 732), including an export control decision tree, know-your-customer guidance and red flags at Supplement Nos. 1 and 3, respectively. Proactively identifying US export control risks in your company and establishing a targeted export compliance programme that fits your business is a first step to preventing future violations and identifying potential past problematic transactions.
International Traffic in Arms Regulations
US export controls on most defence articles and defence services are regulated by the ITAR, administered by the DDTC. The ITAR implement the Arms Export Control Act and regulate temporary and permanent exports, as well as temporary imports, of defence articles on the United States Munitions List (USML), defence services and brokering of defence articles and services. The ITAR also contain reporting requirements for certain political contributions, fees or commissions.
Virtually every item subject to the ITAR requires a licence for export, re-export or transfer from DDTC, unless an ITAR exemption applies.
DDTC has offices focused on licensing, policy, and compliance and enforcement.
Scope of the ITAR
Similar to the EAR, the ITAR cover a broad array of items. In understanding the ITAR it is helpful to have an overview of certain key terms, set out below.
A ‘defense article’ is any item or technical data designated in the USML, typically having a military, satellite or intelligence application or purpose. It includes ‘forgings, castings, and other unfinished products, such as extrusions and machined bodies, that have reached the stage in manufacturing where they are clearly identifiable by mechanical properties, material composition, geometry, or function as defense articles’.
It also includes ‘technical data’ recorded or stored in any physical form that reveal technological information directly related to USML items, or ‘software’ directly related to ‘defense articles’. Specifically, the technical data definition captures information ‘required for the design, development, production, manufacture, assembly, operation, repair, testing, maintenance or modification of defense articles. This includes information in the form of blueprints, drawings, photographs, plans, instructions or documentation’. Technical data does not include information relating to general scientific, mathematical or engineering principles commonly taught at education institutions, or information in the public domain, as well as basic marketing information on function or purposes or general system descriptions of ‘defense articles’. It also does not include technical data that has been approved for public release by the responsible US government agency.
A ‘defense service’ is defined to include (1) the furnishing of assistance (including training) to foreign persons, whether in the United States or abroad in the design, development, engineering, manufacture, production, assembly, testing, repair, maintenance, modification, operation, demilitarisation, destruction, processing or use of ‘defense articles’ or (2) the furnishing to a foreign person of any technical data controlled under the ITAR, whether in the United States or abroad, and (3) military training of foreign units and forces, broadly defined.
US persons and foreign persons
A US person is defined under the ITAR as a person who is a lawful, permanent US resident or protected individual as defined in US law, and corporations or other entities that are incorporated to do business in the United States, and any government (federal, state or local) entity.
A foreign person, as defined in the ITAR, is ‘any natural person who is not a lawful permanent resident’ or certain other protected individual (such as certain refugees or asylees) under US law, as well as foreign companies and other entities that are not incorporated or organised to do business in the United States. International organisations, foreign governments and any agency or subdivision of foreign governments (e.g., diplomatic missions) are also considered foreign persons under the ITAR.
Subject to the ITAR
Identifying whether an item is on the USML is the first step in determining what ITAR controls may apply to the export or transfer of that item. There are 21 categories of ‘defense articles’ described on the USML, including certain military electronics, launch vehicles, guided missiles, personal protective equipment, and many others. Within each category the USML describes the types of ‘defense articles’, technology and software controlled, in general by describing, for each category, the controlled: end items; major systems and equipment; parts components, accessories and attachments; and technical data and ‘defense services’ relating to the USML category. Certain USML items and related technical data are identified as significant military equipment and are subject to more stringent controls. Certain items on the USML are controlled only if they are ‘specially designed’ for a certain purpose, and must be assessed according to specified criteria as set out in the ITAR.
If it is unclear whether an item is controlled under the ITAR, an exporter may seek a commodity jurisdiction determination (CJ determination) from the DDTC. A CJ determination is submitted to the DDTC via its online application system and may involve review by several US government agencies, including BIS and the Department of Defense, and any other agencies relevant to the specific application. Some CJ determinations are available on the DDTC’s website.
The US government maintains registration requirements for (1) any person who engages in the United States in the business of manufacturing or exporting or temporarily importing ‘defense articles’ or furnishing ‘defense services’ and (2) any US person, wherever located, any foreign person located in the United States and any foreign person located outside the United States that is owned or controlled by a US person that is performing brokering activities (defined to mean any action on behalf of another to facilitate the manufacture, export, permanent import, transfer, re-export or retransfer of a US or foreign ‘defense article’ or ‘defense service’, regardless of its origin). Note that manufacturers of ‘defense articles’ located in the United States are required to register with the DDTC, even if they do not export any of their products. Registration is required to be renewed annually and comes with various notification requirements to the DDTC, such as the requirement to notify the DDTC within five days of any material change to the information contained in the registration statement (e.g., changes in senior management or business structure) as well as a 60-day notification in advance of a sale or transfer of ownership or control to a foreign person. Registration with the DDTC does not authorise the export of ‘defense articles’. Registration, rather, is a prerequisite to submission of a licence or eligibility to use an ITAR exemption.
Export of ‘defense articles’
Any person intending to export, or temporarily import a ‘defense article’, including hardware, software or technical data, must obtain authorisation from the DDTC prior to the transaction, unless an exemption or exception applies. Additionally, DDTC authorisation is required to transfer technical data in the United States to a foreign person, re-export, resell, transfer, trans-ship or dispose of ITAR-controlled items, to a new non-US end user, end use or destination, unless authorised by the DDTC under a licence or other form of authorisation, exemption or exception. DDTC licences and other specific authorisations discussed below must be applied for, and come with defined time periods, strict limitations and requirements regarding compliance. Exemptions may be used by an exporter without submitting a specific application to the DDTC provided all the requirements of the exemption are met. ITAR exemptions can be nuanced and complicated; a careful review of the requirements of an exemption should be undertaken to ensure all compliance responsibilities and requirements are understood and met before proceeding. In addition, the DDTC has other vehicles for authorising certain activity. For example, ‘general correspondence’ letters are often used to authorise re-exports or retransfers from abroad. In addition, the DDTC uses ‘technical assistance agreements’ to authorise certain instances in which US persons are providing non-US persons with continuing technical assistance, for example, to provide ‘defense services’ or to support certain design, development or manufacturing activity, among other things. The DDTC uses ‘manufacturing licence agreements’ to authorise the granting of a licence to a non-US entity to manufacture ITAR-controlled items, such as items manufactured using ITAR-controlled technical data.
126.1 proscribed countries
It is the DDTC’s policy to deny licences and other authorisations for exports and temporary imports of ‘defense articles’ and ‘defense services’ involving ITAR 126.1 countries. These countries are proscribed for various reasons, including being the subject of a United Nations arms embargo, or as countries determined by the US Secretary of State to be state sponsors of terrorism. At the time of writing, exports to the following proscribed countries are subject to a licensing policy of denial: Belarus, Burma, China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria and Venezuela. There are additional countries at ITAR 126.1(d)(2) that are not authorised to receive ITAR-controlled items, except as specifically detailed in that section of the ITAR.
Brokering and political contributions under the ITAR
In addition to the controls described above, the ITAR also control ‘brokering’ of ‘defense articles’ and ‘defense services’. In addition to covering the ‘brokering activities’ of US persons, the ITAR brokering restrictions can cover the activities of non-US persons – particularly of foreign persons located in the United States, and foreign persons who are owned or controlled by a US person. Brokering activities include, but are not limited to: ‘financing, insuring, transporting, or freight forwarding defense articles and defense services; soliciting, promoting, negotiating, contracting for, arranging, or otherwise assisting in the purchase, sale, transfer, loan, or lease of a defense article or defense service’. If one engages in brokering activities subject to the ITAR, they may be subject to registration and reporting requirements. There are some carve-outs to the brokering restrictions, including in relation to activities by US persons in the United States that are limited exclusively to US domestic sales not intended for export, US government employees acting in their official capacity, and regular employees acting on behalf of an employer, subject to certain limitations.
Part 130 – political contributions, fees and commissions
The ITAR contain reporting requirements for political contributions, fees or commissions ‘offered, or agreed to pay, related to any sale for which a licence or approval is requested’. Generally, these rules apply to certain authorisations under the ITAR valued at US$500,000 or more and ‘being sold commercially to or for the use of the armed forces of a foreign country or international organization’. Suppliers contracting with the Department of Defense for the sale of ‘defense articles’ or ‘defense services’ also have reporting requirements under Part 130.
Both US persons and non-US persons can be subject to significant penalties and other consequences for violations of the EAR and ITAR. Both civil and criminal penalties can be assessed on companies and individuals, including, for example, criminal or deferred prosecution agreements for companies and imprisonment for individuals. In recent years the US government, through the individual US government agencies, has intensified enforcement of US export control laws, assessing steep penalties and imposing other consequences, such as debarment from exports of ‘defense articles’ under the ITAR, placement on the BIS Entity List, restricting access to items subject to the EAR or the BIS Denied Persons List, denying export privileges from the United States. These restrictions can have a significant effect on a company’s bottom line, cut off access to US-origin items, technology and software, and result in the investigation and prosecution of individuals within a company, among other things.
Penalties for violations of the ITAR and EAR can be severe.
For violations of the EAR, criminal penalties can include a fine of up US$1 million per violation for a company and up to US$1 million or imprisonment for up to 20 years, or both, for an individual. Civil penalties can include penalties of up US$300,00 or twice the value of the transaction for each violation, whichever is greater. Other penalties under the Export Control Reform Act include revocation of a licence issued by BIS, and prohibitions or restrictions on a person or company’s ability to export, re-export or transfer any items subject to the EAR.
Criminal penalties for violations of the ITAR include a fine of up to US$1 million per violation for a company and the same monetary penalty or imprisonment for up to 20 years, or both, for an individual. Civil penalties can exceed US$1 million per violation. The ITAR also contain ‘statutory’ and ‘administrative’ debarment as both a civil and criminal penalty. Debarred persons are prohibited from participating in the export of ‘defense articles’ (including technical data) and ‘defense services’, directly or indirectly. Settlements with the DDTC are done under consent agreements.
In recent years, the use of monitorships to oversee a company’s compliance has been used by both BIS and the DDTC and factored into the penalty assessment, as monitorships can last for years and be costly to the company under scrutiny. Other types of penalties include seizure and forfeiture of property, which may also be available in some enforcement actions under both the EAR and ITAR.
Companies seeking to mitigate potential penalty exposure may choose to file a voluntary self-disclosure (VSD) with the appropriate agency. Whether to voluntary self-disclose an export controls violation is a fact-specific decision. There are some benefits that may come with submission of a VSD, such as mitigation of penalties and credit for cooperation.
Although a VSD is by definition voluntary, there are situations in which a disclosure is mandatory, or in which a company finds itself in a situation of needing to disclose a prior violation. The ITAR, for example, require immediate notification to the DDTC if there is a violation of the ITAR with respect to a country that is proscribed pursuant to Part 126.1 of the ITAR. Certain ITAR consent agreements also mandate disclosure of violations.
The need to conduct activity on a forward-looking basis may also compel a disclosure as a practical matter. Under General Prohibition Ten of the EAR, it is prohibited to engage in virtually any activity with respect to an item that one knows has been exported in violation of the EAR. This means that any time a company wants to do something involving an item that has been unlawfully exported, it must seek BIS permission – which is often accompanied by a voluntary disclosure. Finally, under both the EAR and the ITAR, companies applying for a licence for forward-looking activity, when the applicant has been involved previously in substantially similar activity involving the same product and customer without proper authorisation, may also feel compelled to disclose past violations in an effort to avoid a ‘material omission’ in their licence application.
BIS strongly encourages the submission of VSDs by providing a 50 per cent reduction in the base penalty amount in most cases, with possible full penalty suspension for VSD cases with a combination of mitigating factors, such as cooperation. Without a VSD, mitigation will generally not exceed 75 per cent of the base penalty. BIS often closes VSD cases without imposing a penalty.
The DDTC also strongly encourages disclosure and may consider the submission of a VSD to be a mitigating factor. Unlike BIS, however, the DDTC will consider the failure to submit a VSD to be an adverse factor when determining the disposition of a case. The DDTC often resolves VSDs without imposing any penalties – typically reserving the imposition of penalties for more egregious cases threatening US national security, or cases where the DDTC believes the exporter acted wilfully or with gross negligence.
For both the DDTC and BIS, to be deemed voluntary a disclosure must be received before any government agency obtains knowledge of the ‘same or substantially similar information from another source’.
Other US government agencies, such as OFAC and DOJ also have VSD rules that, depending on the scope of the violation, should be considered when evaluating whether to submit a VSD.
VSD rules are codified in each of the relevant regulations, and generally include the opportunity for a high-level initial notification to the government agency followed in a timely manner by a full report of the potential violations. The timeline requirements for disclosures are found in each agency’s regulations.
Other enforcement information
Key enforcement trends for both BIS and the DDTC include (1) the use of monitorships (or under the ITAR, a special compliance officer) to monitor a company’s compliance with the relevant regulations for a specified period after settlement and provide the results via written reports to the regulators, (2) using interim measures, such as placement on the BIS Entity List or revocation of export privileges, to encourage cooperation during an active enforcement investigation, and (3) the use of global settlements to address violations of various US laws involving related conduct.
BIS has published Administrative Enforcement Guidelines ‘to promote greater transparency and predictability to the administrative enforcement process’. These Guidelines align fairly closely with those issued by OFAC, discussed elsewhere in this guide. The DDTC has not provided similar enforcement guidelines.
US export controls are a complex area of US law that can have a far-reaching extraterritorial effect if items, software or technology of US origin are involved. To ensure compliance, it is important to identify potential risk exposure under US export controls and design a compliance programme to address that risk adequately, such as implementation of appropriate due diligence and ensuring an understanding of items in the supply chain that may be subject to US controls. Not all US and non-US companies will have the same level of risk under US export controls, but failure to identify the potential risks can lead to serious issues for US and non-US companies alike.
1 Meredith Rathbone is a partner and Hena Schommer is of counsel at Steptoe & Johnson LLP.
2 15 C.F.R. § 730 et seq.
3 22 C.F.R. § 120 et seq.
4 See 37 C.F.R. pt. 5.
6 15 C.F.R. § 730 et seq. The Export Control Reform Act [ECRA], 50 U.S.C. §§ 4801 to 4852 (2018), became law on 13 August 2018 and provides the permanent statutory authority for the Export Administration Regulations [EAR].
7 15 C.F.R. § 744 (Supp. 1).
8 An organisation chart is available from the US Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security [BIS], at https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/about-bis/692-bis-organization-chart/file.
9 The term ‘export’ is defined at 15 CFR § 734.13(a) and includes: ‘An actual shipment or transmission out of the United States, including the sending or taking of an item out of the United States, in any manner.’
10 15 C.F.R. § 734.14.
11 15 C.F.R. § 734.16.
12 See 15 C.F.R. § 734.13(a)(2).
13 15 C.F.R. § 734.13(b).
14 See 15 C.F.R. § 734.3.
15 See 15 C.F.R. § 734.3(a)(4).
16 See EAR: Amendments to General Prohibition Three (Foreign-Produced Direct Product Rule) and the Entity List, 85 Fed. Reg. 29,849 (19 May 2020).
17 See 15 C.F.R. § 734.3(b) for a complete list of items that are not subject to the EAR.
18 15 C.F.R. pt. 732.
19 See 15 C.F.R. § 732.1(b).
20 See 15 C.F.R. § 736.2(b)(10).
21 See 15 C.F.R. § 734.3(a) for a complete list of items that are subject to the EAR.
23 See generally C.F.R. § 736.2. The General Prohibitions provide the framework for restrictions on activities or circumstances when a licence may be required.
24 See 15 C.F.R. pt. 746. This part of the EAR ‘Embargoes and Other Special Controls’ imposes comprehensive and targeted controls.
25 15 C.F.R. § 738 (Supp. 1).
26 See 15 C.F.R. § 736.2(b)(9).
27 See 15 C.F.R. § 736.2(b)(5) and 15 C.F.R. § 744.21.
29 See 15 C.F.R. pt. 744 (Supp. 4), Entity List.
30 See generally, 15 C.F.R. pt. 766.
31 15 C.F.R. § 744.15(b).
32 See 15 C.F.R. § 736.2(b)(3).
33 See BIS’ website for further information at https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/compliance-a-training/export-management-a-compliance/compliance.
34 See 22 C.F.R. pts. 120 to 130.
36 See 22 U.S.C. § 2778. The Arms Export Controls Act of 1976, as amended [AECA] is the primary statutory authority for the International Traffic in Arms Regulations [ITAR].
38 See 22 C.F.R. pt. 121.
39 22 C.F.R. § 120.6.
40 See 22 C.F.R. § 120.10.
41 id., at 120.10(a)(1). The technical data definition also includes: classified information relating to defense articles and defense services (and some items controlled on the EAR’s Commerce Control List); information covered under an invention secrecy order; and software related to defence articles. See id., at § 120.10(a), paras. (2) to (4).
42 See 22 C.F.R. § 120.11. Generally items in the public domain are public information, which is published, generally accessible or available to the public through news sources, libraries, unlimited distribution at conferences and tradeshows, and available through unlimited distribution, not necessarily in published form, including fundamental research, as described in § 120.11(a)(8).
43 See 22 C.F.R. § 120.10(b).
45 See 22 C.F.R. § 120.9.
46 See 22 C.F.R. § 120.15; see also 22 C.F.R. § 120.14 for the definition of ‘person’ under the ITAR.
47 22 C.F.R. § 120.16.
48 See 22 C.F.R. § 121.1.
49 See 22 C.F.R. § 121(a)(2).
50 See 22 C.F.R. § 120.41.
52 The US Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls’ website contains more information regarding commodity jurisdition determinations at https://www.pmddtc.state.gov/ddtc_public?id=ddtc_kb_article_page&sys_id=%20249f7c0adb6cf7007ede365e7c9619fd.
53 See 22 C.F.R. § 122.1 (registration requirements for manufacturers and exporters).
54 See 22 C.F.R. § 129.3 (registration requirements for brokering activities subject to the ITAR).
55 See 22 C.F.R. § 122.1(a).
56 See id., at § 122.4(a).
57 See id., at § 122.4(b).
58 See 22 C.F.R. § 126.1, see also 22 C.F.R. § 126.2 and § 126.3 for suspension, modification, or exceptions that may be granted by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Defense Trade Controls.
59 id., at 126.1(d)(1).
60 See 22 C.F.R. pt. 129.
61 id., at § 129.2.
62 id., at § 129.2(b)(1), paras. (i) and (ii).
63 See id., at § 129.2(b)(2) and § 126.18, for further details regarding exemptions for intra-company, intra-organisation and intra-governmental transfers.
64 See 22 C.F.R. § 130.9(a)(1).
65 id., at § 130.2.
66 See id., at § 130.7 and § 130.9(b).
67 The relevant penalties to be considered include those set forth under the AECA, 22 U.S.C. §§ 2778 to 2780 (2012); ECRA, 50 U.S.C. §§ 4801 to 4852 (2018); and 18 U.S.C. § 3571 (2012) (the alternative criminal fine provision). Note that penalties provisions are frequently amended and penalty amounts are adjusted for inflation.
68 See ECRA, 50 U.S.C. § 4819(b) (2018).
69 See id., at § 4819(c)(1)(A) (2018).
70 See id., at § 4819(c)(1) paras. (B) and (C) (2018).
71 See AECA, 22 U.S.C. § 2778(c).
72 See 22 C.F.R. § 127.10(a)(1)(i) (‘for each violation of 22 U.S.C. 2778’).
73 See id., at § 127.7.
74 See id., at § 126.1(e)(2).
75 15 C.F.R. pt. 766 (Supp. 1).
77 See 22 C.F.R. § 127.12(a) (2018).
79 See generally 15 C.F.R. § 764.5(b)(3); 22 C.F.R. § 127.12(b)(2).
80 See generally 15 CFR § 764.5; 22 C.F.R. § 127.12.
81 See US Dep’t of State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, In the Matter of: Airbus SE (29 January 2020), at https://www.pmddtc.state.gov/sys_attachment.do?sysparm_referring_url=tear_off&view=true&sys_id=136d4db3db6204907ede365e7c9619ea, as an example under the ITAR; see also Judgment, United States v. ZTE Corp., No. 3:17-cr-00120-K-1 (N.D. Tex. 22 March 2017), as an example under the EAR.
82 See Addition of an Entity to Entity List, 81 FR 12004, 15 C.F.R. pt. 744 (2016) (adding ZTE Corporation and several affiliates to the Entity List).
83 See US Dep’t of Justice press release, ‘Airbus Agrees to Pay Over $3.8 Billion in Global Penalties to Resolve Foreign Bribery and ITAR Case’ (31 January 2020), at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/airbus-agrees-pay-over-39-billion-global-penalties-resolve-foreign-bribery-and-itar-case.
84 See 15 C.F.R. § 766 (Supp.1) (‘Guidance on Charging and Penalty Determinations in Settlement of Administrative Enforcement Cases’). | <urn:uuid:eba736d3-4dde-4ea2-8271-0271d3633bb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalinvestigationsreview.com/guide/the-guide-sanctions/first-edition/article/export-controls-in-the-united-states | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.906859 | 9,607 | 2.234375 | 2 |
The third edition of the annual Deloitte African Construction Trends Report 2014 indicates China was responsible for building 31 percent of all infrastructure projects in the region in 2014 up from 19 percent in 2013 owing to growing Chinese presence in the construction sector.
Europe and the United States contributed 18 percent of the construction, down from 37 percent in 2013 followed by the government at 13 percent up a significant improvement from one percent in 2013.
Intra Africa entities built eight percent of the construction in 2013, a rise from the three percent in 2013.
“We expect Europe and the US investors to play catch up in 2015 with key interest in new technology and geothermal power projects, “explained Mark Smith, Head of Infrastructure and Capital Projects at Deloitte East Africa.
Government owned 59 percent of the projects in the region followed by private domestic firms that rose to 23 percent in 2014 up from five percent in 2013.
Intra Africa entities owned eight percent of projects while the United Arab Emirates entered the market in 2014 owing 2 percent of the projects. China owned two percent of the projects.
International Development Finance Institutions were the top financiers of majority of the projects at 37 percent up from 27 percent in 2013 followed closely by the government at 17 percent, while new foreign investors emerged including private Israeli companies.
According to the report, Kenya had the most infrastructure projects in 2014 in the east African region followed by Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Rwanda respectively.
“The transport sector accounted for the largest share at 59 percent of all the projects in Kenya, representing a growth of 17 percent, while 37 percent of projects were focused on energy and power capacity development,” the report states.
Deloitte East Africa Director of Infrastructure Gabriel Ouko says that there are still a large number of significant projects in the planning phase that have not yet reached financial close.
“Politics has also been a huge hindrance towards infrastructure, there are major projects that are facing resistance from the public and are being used as a political tool, the court system needs to be improved so as it doesn’t delay starting off major infrastructure projects,” he said.
Among the major infrastructure projects in the country include the construction of the Standard Gauge Railway by China Road and Bridge Corporation, Construction of the Lamu Port, Southern Sudan, and Ethiopia Transport Corridor Project (LAPSSET), Konza Techno City, Olkaria Geothermal power projects, Lamu Coal Power plant among others.
Overall, the value of mega projects under construction across Africa in 2014 stood at US$326 billion (Sh29.8 trillion), a 68 percent growth from US$222 billion (Sh20.3 trillion) the previous year.
The Southern Africa region contributed the biggest share of the projects, accounting for 46 percent of all the projects in the continent, valued at US$145 billion (Sh13.2 trillion). It was followed by West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa and North Africa. | <urn:uuid:c872290d-b039-4bee-a6db-932747e08412> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2015/03/china-dominated-east-africa-construction-in-2014/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.940747 | 606 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The Poet and the Poem
photo credit Tom Goodwin
Featured Terence Winch
Click here for Terence Winch.mp3
Terence Winch's most recent book is a young adult novel called Seeing-Eye Boy (2020). He is the author of eight poetry collections, the most recent of which is The Known Universe (2018). A Columbia Book Award and American Book Award winner, he has also written two story collections, Contenders and That Special Place. His work is included in more than 40 anthologies, among them the Oxford Book of American Poetry, Poetry 180, and 5 editions of Best American Poetry. He is the recipient of an NEA Fellowship and a Gertrude Stein Award for Innovative Writing, among other honors. Terence Winch is also a founding member of the original Celtic Thunder, the acclaimed Irish band, and composer of the band's best-known song, "When New York Was Irish." For many years he was Head of Publications at the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian. From 2011-13, he was a consultant to the National Museum of African American History and Culture, helping to plan the museum's inaugural books. In 2020, Winch began curating a feature on the Best American Poetry's blog called "Pick of the Week." | <urn:uuid:36f071be-5daa-4aeb-bbfc-db659e872e23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.gracecavalieri.com/poetLaureates/featuredpoet_terencewinch.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963757 | 274 | 1.867188 | 2 |
No matter how shocking it may seem, but yes, negative SEO can hamper your SEO efforts even if you don’t encounter a fall in rankings.
Well, let’s begin with what is Negative SEO?
Negative SEO is the practice of using unethical techniques for affecting the rankings of your competitor. These activities are more often the off-page ones, but sometimes it may also involve hacking the site and modifying its content.
It’s like knocking out the competitor from the ranking race.
If you have competitors then this article is just for you! Why let the unethical competitors blow off your candle and shine brighter online.
Well, the only a handful of the marketers goes by organic means rest relies on spammy links or DDS (Denial of Service)
Oops, the Links are Gone!
The Googly hits when Google penalizes your website as it takes this action as your act of violation of the webmaster guidelines. The only witness to this is you.
The links that you want to view simply don’t show up because they aren’t there! Link data is important for having insights and analysis to define the ranking strategy but you end up finding that the whole data has been replaced by thousands of links.
This can affect your overall marketing strategy. Sounds terrific? Wondering whether it happens for real?
Yes, this happens for real!
Even if you happen to find the data it’s going to be a hard deal for you to identify the useful links from the clutter. That is Negative SEO for you!
This is the most common type of negative content which is one of the old methodologies to improve the ranking spectrum. It includes the creation of a content piece for your website and syndicating it to different article websites. These sites will further repost the article and the article would link back to you. This practice is adopted by the online business to outrank you and gather the bursting traffic to their website.
This is dangerous as someone is getting access to your quality content without any kind of attribution. The links are gone and your hard work now simply breathes in the grave. Google here can’t help you and isn’t concerned about whether the traffic gets on the website or not.
De-indexing of the Website
Well, not everyone can do it. It requires expertise and if someone is adamant on his purpose of harming your website then, of course, it is possible. They may hire professional hackers to exploit their content and hosting efforts.
Hacking the website completely
This type of attack replaces your website with another web page that may contain a message or nothing at all.
These kinds of attacks welcome you absolutely out of blue. If you are prepared enough then you can definitely protect your website and reduce the cyber attacks.
What to do in case the website gets hacked?
- Register your website with the Google Webmaster and use the tools to monitor your links. This will help you in getting an idea of whether your site was hacked or not.
- Disavow the links you find and that seems unnatural and inform about the same to Google. If you do get penalized before this, you can send a reconsideration mail.
Tips To Prevent Your Website from Negative SEO Impact
Ensure the safety of your website by undertaking the following steps:
Ensure secured access to your website
Limit the access to your files and secure the admin section of the website. You can use difficult and unable to guess passwords for ensuring the security of the database. Avoid sending the login access through mails to your partners as the mails could be hacked.
Update the CMS
Content Management Systems should be updated regularly to avoid any bugs and for preventing exploits and hacks. Limit the use of plug-ins to just a few and prior to installing them to identify the source of the plug-ins.
Check the indexing of your website
You should keep a tab of the indexing of the website pages by utilizing relevant SEO tools and check whether there is a sudden drop in rankings.
Well, now you know what Negative SEO is and how it can affect the performance of your website online. Undertake the relevant measures for preventing your website from the harmful effects of negative SEO.
If you are looking for the SEO Services then contact MysticDigi. | <urn:uuid:1805100d-6396-4b52-b141-d460f8c33e00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://searchenginestream.com/why-negative-seo-matters-and-how-it-affects-your-brand/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.925004 | 900 | 1.617188 | 2 |
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