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Comcast promotes Safer Internet Day with new parental controlsFeb 02, 2022 04:44PM ● By Justin Adams
By Peri Kinder | [email protected]
Parents are navigating a big landscape as more children and teens gain access to internet connection and content. Common Sense Media surveyed parents and discovered that 68% of parents felt teenagers were using their mobile devices too much. The new Xfinity xFi feature gives parents the ability to oversee and manage screen time, with easy parental controls.
“Xfinity xFi provides simple tools to help our customers reduce the risk of children accessing age-inappropriate content using the xFi Parental Controls feature,” said David Salazar, Vice President of Xfinity Sales and Marketing Comcast Mountain West Region. “As a dad of three adult kids, xFi would have been my go-to tool when the kids were young, because the seamless features allow me to enable a parental control setting, set schedules and bedtimes, as well as the ability to pause all devices.”
Safer Internet Day (Tuesday, Feb. 8) brings awareness to challenges faced by families in our highly connected world and Xfinity’s new controls offer a “pause” feature so parents can limit the time their child spends online.
With a few simple steps, parents set a limit on device connectivity. Once that limit is reached, the device will pause connections to the home WiFi network, giving parents peace of mind even when they are not at home.
“Parents are clamoring for help in managing screen time,” said Ellen Pack, President of Common Sense Media. “The new xFi pause feature demonstrates that it is possible to make tech products work better for all of us. These new tools will help families create tech-free times and zones at home – including dinner and bedtime – and will go a long way to establishing healthy limits for the whole family."
When it comes to monitoring TV content, Xfinity makes it easy to set multiple television parental controls, restricting the content children or teens are allowed to access. With tools such as TV Content Locks, TV Rating Locks, Service Locks and more, parents can control TV content at all times. There are also tools to monitor apps like Netflix, YouTube or Amazon Prime Video.
Additionally, Common Sense Media offers ratings and reviews for TV shows, movies, games and apps so parents can be informed.
It’s never too early to talk to children and teens about internet safety. To help facilitate those discussions, Comcast provides access to information created by Dr. Michael Rich, at the Center on Media and Child Health at Children's Hospital Boston. Known as The Mediatrician, Rich developed age-based conversation starters so parents can address these critical topics.
“Many parents feel like their kids know much more about technology than they do, so they give kids free rein online,” Rich said. “But even when kids are better at operating the technology, that doesn't mean they know how to interact with others in effective, safe, and positive ways.
Children and teens need guidance when it comes to internet safety. Parents who are aware of the pitfalls can be on-hand to offer advice. Engaged parents can also be alert for cyberbullying, unhealthy interactions or concerning conversations.
“Just as you would guide them in learning safe ways to use a power tool or car, you need to guide them in the human relationship component of using interactive media,” Rich said. “Let them know that what happens online can be seen by anyone, and that you are paying attention because you want to be available to help when they need it.”
For more information, visit xfinity.com/hub. | <urn:uuid:fbc204ce-1186-4d85-aadf-219560f03283> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.valleyjournals.com/2022/02/02/389361/comcast-promotes-safer-internet-day-with-new-parental-controls | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.944624 | 773 | 1.914063 | 2 |
WITH HER HANDS: WOMEN’S FIBER ART FROM GAPUWIYAK – THE LOUISE HAMBY GIFT
On July 18, 2019, Kluge-Ruhe opened its newest exhibition of works from the permanent collection, an exhibition of fiber art from Gapuwiyak, Northern Australia. These baskets, dilly bags, mats, sculptures and necklaces are a recent gift to the museum by anthropologist Louise Hamby, who has undertaken fieldwork and research with artists of Gapuwiyak for more than 30 years.
The exhibition was curated by six students from universities across the United States. As part of the UVA Mellon Indigenous Arts Initiative, this project trains the next generation of curators to address the pressing lack of diversity in museum practice.
You can view more about the exhibition here https://kluge-ruhe.org/exhibition/upcoming-exhibitions/
Or view the Exhibition introduction panel. | <urn:uuid:dc73bb22-5c15-4dd7-949d-3b6aca6e11b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gapuwiyak.com.au/news/kluge-ruhe-exhibition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.948745 | 202 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Move To PTC Was Mandated By The Rail Safety Improvement Act, Which Passed Congress In 2008, With Implementation Begun In 2010
A new safety technology that could have prevented a series of deaths and millions in damages due to railway accidents has now been implemented prior to deadlines set by Congress. The technology, called Positive Train Control, is intended to prevent accidents caused by human error, which is most of them. According to the Federal Railroad Administration, 41 percent of such accidents are caused by human error. In recent years a number of high-profile accidents, notably on commuter lines, could have been avoided had PTC been in place. An example includes a deadly Amtrak derailment near Philadelphia that killed eight and injured over 200, which was caused by the train entering a 50 MPH curve while traveling over 100 miles per hour. Federal investigators said that PTC could have prevented the accident.
What is PTC?
Positive Train Control is a multi-part implementation of technologies that includes control and reporting devices inside locomotives, trackside sensors and back-office computer systems that track train locations and movements and communicate with the sensors and locomotive based devices. PTC may also include other sensors to determine conditions such as signals, track condition and switch positions. Positive Train Control has been fully implemented on Class 1 railroads in the United States. It’s required in areas that carry hazardous materials and for passenger trains. This includes local commuter trains, but it doesn’t include transit operations that don’t use railroads, although most transit operations have their own version of train control. The Class 1 railroads are using PTC on their main lines, but some minor trackage may not include PTC.
This safety technology will have a significant impact on railroad customers. Freight users will find that their shipments are delivered more reliably. Passengers will see improved safety and better on-time performance. And of course losses due to accidents will be significantly reduced. However, this does not mean that accidents will be completely eliminated. There will still be morons who drive around crossing gates, for example. In addition, some events such as natural disasters, can cause train accidents. Other causes, such as track or equipment failure aren’t part of PTC, but they are being separately addressed through automation and training. The move to PTC was mandated by the Rail Safety Improvement Act, which passed Congress in 2008, with implementation begun in 2010. Because of the expense and complexity of implementing PTC, it took another ten years to complete.
Essentially, PTC is a massive IoT project with data sources and sensors spanning the nationwide rail network. While each railroad handles the details of its PTC design itself, all must be compatible, so that any locomotive can run on any railroad and have PTC work the same way. Depending on the railroad, the wireless signals can use private radio networks, cellular communications or other means. Once 5G communications cover major portions of a railroad’s operating area, this mode of communications is likely to be a major factor in providing the communications infrastructure for PTC. The project was paid for by the individual railroads and through $3.4 billion in loans and grants from the FRA. Eventually, PTC should also result in more efficient movement of passengers and freight because railroads will have better visibility into their train operations, and can therefore schedule train movements more tightly, allowing less space between trains and allowing higher speeds and more frequent operations. | <urn:uuid:7fde3938-e37c-4869-9072-58804fffffa3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://technologytimes.pk/2021/01/02/rail-safety-technology-now-fully-deployed-nationwide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969895 | 712 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Emerging markets are attractive for investors and companies because of the high-yield potential they offer. But beware, this paradise can also ruin your business if you ignore certain costs. Embarking on an investment in emerging markets is like renovating a house—there must be a budget for the unexpected.
According to a survey of 921 vice-presidents of finance conducted by Ernst & Young, a third of companies underestimate the cost of investing in emerging markets. More than 40% of those surveyed also said that the implementation of their business in these markets had taken longer than expected. And although the most popular destinations are still China, India and Mexico, other countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and Ukraine also appear on the radar.
In these markets, we must develop reflexes in different financial markets developed. “In developed markets, the focus is to reduce costs while in markets like India, for example, the challenge is to manage growth, which can reach 20% per year,” says Christian Martin, partner of Ernst & Young India.
“When you enter these markets, business opportunities are obvious, so don’t waste your time analyzing. Devote your attention to project implementation because there is where the real challenges are,” advises Pinak Maitra, vice-president of finance for the Kipco Group, one of the largest holding companies in North Africa and the Middle East.
Here are six hidden costs that you must not overlook:
Financing costs: In 2010, according to the Institute of International Finance, nearly US$908 billion was invested in emerging markets, an increase of 50% compared to 2009. This abundance of capital in emerging countries can increase the value of their currencies, creating inflation. Several nations, such as Brazil, take a very dim view of inflation and react with suspicion on hot money flows.
Think about how you will finance a project and in what currency. For example, the United States has been exerting pressure on the Chinese government to upwardly revalue its currency, the renminbi, and that could be costly to firms exporting to China in the event of an abrupt adjustment.
In addition, the high interest rates that central banks use to contain rapid economic growth are increasing borrowing costs in these markets. That’s why companies in developed countries will often borrow in their home countries to invest in emerging markets. However, these companies should also calculate the risk of similar increases in interest rates in their own country.
Entry costs: The choice of mode of entry in an emerging market is sometimes more important than the market itself. For example in India or China, it is impossible to establish retail without first creating a partnership with a local company. And there are restrictions in other sectors, particularly in the field of publishing, where foreign companies are not allowed to hold more than 50% of their Chinese subsidiary. To work around the problem, it may be necessary to invest more.
In addition to creating a partnership, Pearson—a publisher of educational manuals—bought a second language school in China to be able to sell books because there is no limit on foreign ownership in this sector. They multiplied distribution channels.
Finally, the choice of partner is crucial. It should also take into consideration that in emerging countries, companies often belong to families. In fact, family-owned businesses contribute an estimated 70% of GDP in some emerging markets. “Often, power is concentrated in the hands of a single member then it is important to identify [that person] and to have access,” says Harriet Mossop, director of consulting services in financial accounting with Ernst & Young in India.
Transaction costs: Emerging markets are different. Consumers do not have the same tastes and per capita income is lower. Companies will often adapt their product to succeed. This means additional investment in research and development. Besides better test their products, they will probably relocate the R&D and perhaps engage local engineers.
Companies can also see their costs increase through representation and distribution. While in the United States, two or three commercial agents may suffice, India, one can easily need 20, and one in each state where you want to sell.
And don’t underestimate extra costs related to infrastructure, even in countries like Brazil, which despite rapid growth still suffers from an inadequate distribution system by road and rail. “Brazil will invest more than $85 billion in infrastructure over the next three years, but in the meantime, logistics remains a challenge. Delays in ports and airports increase costs, “says Marcos Almeida, a partner at Ernst & Young Terco Brazil.
Regulatory costs: Not only do you have to pay costs associated with obtaining permits to construct or operate a business, you must also anticipate future costs. “You may think you have all the required permits, and suddenly discover that they are going to expire soon and that you will take another six months to get new ones.
“It’s enough to make you lose a market,” says Deirde Mahlan, vice-president of finance for Diageo, the multinational wine and spirits firm.
Other costs include compliance with North American standards such environmental ones. Because it is only a matter of time before best practices, standards and regulations which set up everywhere in the developed countries also reach emerging markets.
The human cost: In India, where the inflation rate is the among the highest in Asia, the cost of labour continues to increase. According to the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce, labour costs rose by 15% in 2010. It’s the same story in China, where the minimum wage has increased by 20% in some provinces.
The turnover rate of employees who are offered positions in local companies or by growing foreign competitors, is also much higher in emerging markets than in developed countries. You need to take into account training costs and increeases in wages. In short, profitability shouldn’t depend on your firm being an employer of choice just because you’re in an emerging country. Instead, redouble your efforts.
The political costs: There is more than political instability to assess, the study says. More than ever, take into consideration the risk of corruption and invest in a program to fight corruption to protect your firm against it. The majority of finance officials the survey polled declared this risk the most important challenge in emerging countries. | <urn:uuid:82036cae-8877-46e1-afe5-d318643a0c00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/economy/the-6-hidden-costs-of-emerging-markets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963186 | 1,299 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Yes, this is actually true – some national Tea Party groups have officially come out in opposition to Net Neutrality. First, a primer for those of you who may have forgotten (we’ve written about this before):
A coalition that included 35 Tea Party groups sent a letter to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on Wednesday urging the agency not to boost its authority over broadband providers through a controversial process known as reclassification.
The process could give federal regulators the power to impose net neutrality rules, which would prevent Internet access providers from favoring some content and applications over others.
In other words, Net Neutrality ensures that service providers cannot act unilaterally to restrict traffic of a particular type or to a particular site. Here’s the Tea Party reasoning behind opposing Net Neutrality:
“I think the clearest thing is it’s an affront to free speech and free markets,” she said.
Yes, they believe that preventing corporations from controlling what you access on the internet is an affront to free speech.
The free-speech argument holds that, by interfering with how phone and cable companies deliver Internet traffic, the government would be thwarting the free-speech rights of providers such as AT&T, Verizon and Comcast.
Here’s what these morons don’t seem to realize – by empowering Comcast’s “free speech rights” to restrict internet access, they are destroying their own free speech rights. If Comcast wants to block a site critical of Comcast, they can. If someone wants to start a small website to express their views on an issue – say, like one of the original Tea Party sites – and an ISP doesn’t like it, they can charge you more money just to get your pages served to their customers than they can now. Effectively, elimination of Net Neutrality hands complete control over internet censorship to ISPs.
“There are so many assaults on individual liberties — the EPA, net neutrality, cap-and-trade, card-check; the list goes on — that sometimes the Tea Party doesn’t know where to start its battles,” Radtke said.
Maybe you could start by learning something about what you are talking about. That’d be a fresh change of pace, as opposed to the ignorance displayed with this issue, the “Ground Zero Mosque”, card check, evolution, Obama’s citizenship… (I could almost literally go on forever).
Categories2018 2020 Activism Budget Civil Rights Congressional Races Economy ECOT Education Environment Fair Elections Federal Governor's Race Governor DeWine Guns Health ICYMI Justice Labor LGBT Ohio Legislature Ohio Legislature Plunderbund Plunderbund Action Portman Presidential Safety Senate Race State State Government Statehouse Races Statehouse Races Swing State Voices Taxes and Spending Trump Women's Rights | <urn:uuid:7458f374-3ca0-4984-84f9-bbfd3d1bd226> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://plunderbund.com/2010/08/19/tea-parties-draw-a-big-fat-line-under-how-moronic-they-are-and-oppose-net-neutrality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.929649 | 590 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Here are all the resources that we use for our team!
Lectures and Notes
Here, we have lecture notes and recordings from our past classes this year and our past years. As soon as the lectures are held, they will be available here.
Here are our homework assignments for past weeks, years, and the current one. They are all downloadable PDFs, so click any one of these to get the homework. There are also solutions available for all past homework assignments. Once we have them, they will be available here.
We also recommend a few different textbooks for individual reading and practice. While they are not technically mandatory, they are highly encouraged for self-learning outside of the classroom. Any of these photos will take you to their Amazon page, but there are free PDF versions of many of these online.
Here are some miscellaneous course materials that can also be used, such as fun extra articles, course recommendations, etc. Once again, they are not mandatory, but can be useful for individual learning. | <urn:uuid:8a7ea374-a337-45cc-a10b-102d87eede9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nycpht.org/resources | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955546 | 225 | 1.5625 | 2 |
STEVENSON, Wash. – The Forest Youth Success program (FYS) in Skamania County, http://www.forestyouthsuccess.org, has been recognized nationally for its outstanding impact on youth, the environment and the local economy. The National Association of Extension 4-H Agents (NAE4-HA) selected the program to receive a Specialty Team Award in Excellence for Natural Resource and Environmental Education.
Since 2002, teens in the county have spent the summer caring for local forests, developing valuable life skills and exploring potential careers. The value of their work is estimated at more than $900,000 for the Gifford Pinchot National Forest.
The program is a unique partnership between Skamania County, the Stevenson-Carson School District, Washington State University Extension 4-H Youth Development and the U.S. Forest Service.
“The youth in this community come from an economically depressed area and have very few work opportunities,” said Scott VanderWey, WSU Extension 4-H adventure education director. “Through hands-on experience and adult mentoring they learn valuable life and work skills so they can graduate and possibly move on to careers in forestry or natural resource education.”
Students are taught the fundamentals of forest ecology and forest health management through work with adult crew leaders. Eight crews work five days a week on a wide variety of projects including establishing and restoring trails, maintaining campsites and removing invasive plants.
The WSU team being honored for their work includes Todd Murray, director, WSU Extension Skamania County; Sally Mansur, program manager, WSU Extension 4-H Skamania County; and VanderWey, director, WSU Extension 4-H adventure education. They will be recognized during the NAE4-HA awards banquet Sept. 19 at a conference in Pittsburgh. | <urn:uuid:2e87e950-a003-4ffe-9b49-ccbcfe1276d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.wsu.edu/news/2013/08/07/wsu-4-h-forestry-program-earns-national-award/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.924796 | 380 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Donkey Kong 64 was the first Donkey Kong game to come to the Nintendo 64, and many new features were introduced. Donkey Kong himself is able to hold up to three weapons at a time. Donkey’s weapon of choice is the Coconut Shooter, which allows him to shoot coconuts in multiple directions. Donkey can also throw his Orange Grenade fruits and use his concertina to bounce across open spaces. Donkey Kong 64 also introduced the first animal helpers in the Donkey Kong series; these were Squawks and Rambi the Rhino. Donkey Kong 64 is currently available for download on Wii Virtual Console.
A new feature to Donkey Kong games was Donkey’s ability to use musical instruments as weapons . Donkey could play his Donkey Kong Barrels in Donkey Kong 64 to defeat enemies and create bridges for Donkey Kong. Donkey received a special Golden Banana for completing the instrument mini game, which was located at every Boss battle except Gloomy Galleon’s.
“Donkey Kong 64 – Bonus Barrel Piano Sheet Music” by is licensed under CC Attribution 2.0.
Please be aware that Donkey Kong 64 – Bonus Barrel Piano Sheet Music by is only meant for private study, scholarship, or research.
The owners of this site do not hold any affiliation with Donkey Kong 64 – Bonus Barrel Piano Sheet Music’s copyright owner(s). | <urn:uuid:0cb71bdf-f91f-4126-b0a2-f479c749e45c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pianogg.com/donkey-kong-64-bonus-barrel-piano-sheet-music/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960491 | 275 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Midwestern University is dedicated to effect change, overcome inequities, promote greater diversity, and establish a culture of inclusivity that celebrates diversity. We pledge our commitment to undo inequities that exist in policies and practices, advance values of diversity and inclusion, and to create a truly equitable environment for faculty, staff, and students. Therefore, we pledge the following actions:
- We will listen to the concerns and suggestions of students related to improved curriculum and community outreach opportunities.
- We will conduct a systemic review of all policies and procedures to assure continued equal treatment of all faculty, staff, and students.
- We will work diligently to recruit more underrepresented minority students to all the health professions.
- We will recognize the value of a diverse faculty, staff, and administration and continue efforts to recruit and retain employees from different racial, ethnic, economic and cultural backgrounds regardless of their gender identity, sexual orientation or disability status.
- We will increase training and development offerings on topics of Diversity & Inclusion, Bias, and Microaggressions.
- We will create processes for faculty, staff, and students to communicate concerns or incidents of discrimination, bias, or harassment.
- We will create grant opportunities for research teams to examine ways to improve the delivery of health care and eliminate the health care disparities in underserved, minority communities.
- We will increase programming and proactively speak out against acts of racial and social injustice.
Midwestern University is an academic institution that has historically stood on principles, mission, and values. We recognize that supporting diversity and engagement is an important aspect of those principles. Midwestern University is committed to building a more diverse, more inclusive academic community and promoting equity for all. | <urn:uuid:9c3d70ea-7712-487a-a7dc-cb0d8ed81dbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://midwestern.edu/dei/policy-statement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.925991 | 347 | 1.5625 | 2 |
To mark Human Rights Day (10 December), the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Marija Pejčinović Burić, and the President of the Organisation’s Parliamentary Assembly, Liliane Maury Pasquier, have issued a joint statement looking forward to the 70th anniversary of the European Convention on Human Rights in 2020:
“Following in the footsteps of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights was opened for signature on 4 November 1950.
The Convention has spread across the continent over the last 70 years, now protecting the basic human rights and fundamental freedoms of more than 830 million people across 47 countries.
Thanks to the Convention, overseen by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, Europe has the strongest system of international human rights protection anywhere in the world. This is something we can all be proud of.
More than 20,000 judgments from the Court, implemented by the Council of Europe member states, have changed ordinary people’s lives for the better, in many different ways, across the whole continent.
Henriette Siliadin’s case is just one of many examples of how lives have changed and situations improved. Mrs Siliadin was kept in a position of domestic servitude or slavery for five years. The European Court of Human Rights found that, according to French law at the time, keeping a person in domestic servitude or slavery was not against the law. Servitude, forced labour and slavery all became criminal offences in France. The judgment of the Strasbourg court led to more legal change to properly protect people in similar situations. Human trafficking was criminalised in France.
The Convention has also brought about many positive changes when applied domestically by national authorities, as well as helping to raise human rights standards around the world.
However, we must never take these achievements for granted or they may disappear. The fight for our rights is on-going and there is still much work to be done.
In 2019, a 10-year reform process came to an end. The backlog of pending cases at the Court has been more than halved and significant improvements have been made to the execution of judgments.
Nevertheless, some 60,000 applications are still waiting to be assessed and more than 5,000 judgments have yet to be fully implemented.
These numbers remain too high and require coordinated efforts between the Council of Europe, the Court and the member states to make sure that justice is done and that systemic problems are tackled to avoid repeated violations.
We also need to work towards making sure that the Convention effectively protects people in every corner of the continent, including unresolved conflict zones, and in all circumstances.
The European Union’s accession to the Convention, re-launched in 2019, will be a very welcome step forward in this respect, opening a new chapter in the Convention’s long and distinguished history.” | <urn:uuid:7b6729d1-f24e-4d96-b053-813677785253> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/news-2019/-/asset_publisher/gaVFYRTI7hqZ/content/human-rights-day | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959423 | 594 | 2.453125 | 2 |
An Atlas 5 rocket blasted off from Florida on Thursday carrying a space probe on NASA’s first quest to collect samples from an asteroid and return them to Earth in hopes of learning more about the origins of life.
The United Launch Alliance booster lifted off at 7:05 pm EDT (2305 GMT) from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Perched on top of the 19-story rocket was NASA’s robot explorer Osiris-Rex, built by Lockheed Martin to carry out the seven-year, $1 billion mission to and from the near-Earth asteroid Bennu. United Launch Alliance is a private partnership between Lockheed and Boeing.
The 3,300-pound (1,500 kg) solar-powered probe is expected to take two years to reach its destination, a dark, rocky mass roughly a third of a mile wide and shaped like giant acorn orbiting the sun at roughly the same distance as Earth. Scientists believe Bennu is covered with organic compounds dating back to the earliest days of the solar system.
“You can think of these asteroids as literally prebiotic chemical factories that were producing building blocks of life 4.5 billion years ago, before Earth formed, before life started here,” NASA astrobiologist Daniel Glavin said before launch.
Once it settles into orbit around Bennu in 2018, the Osiris-Rex probe will spend up to two more years mapping the asteroid’s surface and taking inventory of its chemical and mineral composition.
Scientists will ultimately select a promising site to sample and command Osiris-Rex to fly close enough to Bennu so that the probe’s 11-foot-long (3.4 meter) robot arm can touch the asteroid’s surface. A sampling container will then release a swirl of nitrogen gas, which will stir up gravel and soil for collection.
After gathering at least 2 ounces (60 grams) of material, Osiris-Rex will fly back to Earth, jettisoning a capsule bearing the asteroid-sample container for a parachute descent and landing in the Utah desert in September 2023.
Osiris-Rex is the latest in a series of missions to asteroids that began with the 1991 flyby of asteroid Gaspra by NASA’s Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft.
Only one other spacecraft, Japan’s Hayabusa, has previously returned samples from an asteroid to Earth, but due to a series of problems it collected less than a milligram of material. A follow-on mission, Hayabusa 2, is underway, with a return to Earth planned for December 2020.
The US space agency also hopes Osiris-Rex will demonstrate the advanced imaging and mapping techniques needed for future science missions and for upcoming commercial asteroid-mining expeditions.
Although Bennu occupies the same approximate orbital distance from the sun, it poses little threat to Earth. NASA estimates that there is a one-in-2,700 chance that Bennu might hit Earth sometime between 2175 and 2199.... | <urn:uuid:c4ae2fb9-5b19-4774-9242-0d8a314d2ff7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.deccanchronicle.com/science/science/090916/asteroid-samples-seeking-nasa-rocket-blasts-off-from-florida-to-collect.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.91025 | 609 | 3.171875 | 3 |
The battle between Indian conglomerate Tata Sons and its sacked chairman, Cyrus Mistry, is a classic illustration of how not to bring about a leadership transition.
The falling-out between Mistry and the Tatas was primarily a result of the latter’s unhappiness with the former’s management style and business decisions. Mistry was the group’s first chairman from outside the Tata family, and also the first to be sacked.
While this is playing out at Tata Sons, it could have happened at any other family-run business in India. The ugly spat alludes to such businesses’ lack of trust in outsiders. Most of India’s top conglomerates—in fact, 67% of all listed companies—are family-owned. They make up around 65% of India’s GDP.
Many of these groups struggle to find a balanced solution to succession issues. Only 13% of family-owned businesses survive up to the third generation and 4% make it beyond that. They often lag behind in shaping future leaders.
So, should leaders let go when the baton is passed? How much control should they continue to exercise? Quartz raised some of these questions with academics. Here are some of the key points they highlighted:
Selecting the successor
Mistry, Tata’s chosen one, was no stranger to the company’s boardroom. He’d been a non-executive director on the group’s board for five years and was selected from a list of illustrious names after over 15 months of deliberation. His father, Pallonji Mistry, remains the company’s largest individual shareholder.
Evidently, the 48-year-old was well-versed with the Tatas’ management style and functioning, crucial for any succession plan.
John A Davis, founder and chairman of the Boston-based research organisation Cambridge Institute for Family Enterprise, wrote in a blog post:
Ownership of a family business is a job that requires certain sensible qualifications. It shouldn’t be treated as a birthright. So select owners with the same care you select key leaders of your family business. And then create the right governance (agreements, policies, plans and discussion forums) for the owners so they can discuss, decide, and manage conflicts in an effective way.
So, in choosing Mistry as chairman four years ago, the Tata Group seems to have followed a reasonable course. However, his ouster is being perceived as drastic and damaging by investors and observers alike. “The board of a $100-billion business should have a leadership succession plan in place before it starts firing, not after,” said Randel S Carlock, an entrepreneurial leadership professor at the INSEAD business school in Singapore.
Giving up control
After a successor is picked, letting go can be hard for the incumbent. So, such business leaders should understand the “spirit behind succession,” said K Kumar, a family business and entrepreneurship professor at the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIM-B).
“Once a successor is put in place, the predecessor should sever all connections with the business and take up other pursuits in life,” he explained in an email.
However, this isn’t common in India. For instance, N R Narayan Murthy, a co-founder of India’s most celebrated IT firm, Infosys, returned as non-executive chairman seven years after stepping down. He took it upon himself to fire-fight at the software firm he built from scratch with six others.
Tata, too, has been the face of the 148-year-old conglomerate for over two decades. Now he is back, albeit temporarily.
Predecessors must refrain from giving extensive advice and opinion to successors, Kumar added. “Such advice should also be provided with no expectations that the advice would be listened to or implemented either partly or fully,” he said.
One of Mistry’s gripes, as highlighted in his now-public letter to the board and trustees, is that Tata influenced major business decisions.
“The passion for the airlines sector has led Mr Tata to continue his involvement with the strategy of the two airlines. It is on his advice that the Tata Sons board has increased the capital infusion in the sector at multiple levels of the initial commitment,” Mistry wrote in the letter.
Mistry’s letter says the group modified some clauses in the articles of association, limiting the chairman’s ability to make decisions.
Family-owned businesses shouldn’t resort to such limiting of freedoms, Kavil Ramachandran, a professor at the Indian School of Business (ISB), Hyderabad, said.
“Most families do not involve their entire team in all key decisions. Loyalty is seen (as) more important than capabilities. Questioning by non-family executives is not tolerated,” Ramachandran, executive director of ISB’s Thomas Schmidheiny Centre for Family Enterprise, said.
Another sticky issue is not experimenting enough and not undoing bad decisions, said Cambridge Institute’s Davis.
“They (family businesses) need to not only be able to experiment with new ideas but also need to be able to pull the plug on bad ideas. Families in business tend to be okay at experimenting outside their traditional areas and awful at pulling the plug on bad investments,” Davis, who also teaches at the Harvard Business School, said in an email.
Support the successor
In times of a conflict involving a successor, the predecessor must extend support, according to IIM-B’s Kumar. Here’s his explanation:
Usually, a predecessor is fully involved in the process of selecting a successor. That being the case, the predecessor should own up (to) his or her choice of successor and fully accept the consequences (that includes erosion of business value and personal or family wealth) that arise from the successor’s conduct and performance. Keeping the back door open to second guess (the) successor’s actions and to pull the rug from under the successor’s feet only means that the succession has not happened in spirit. This is not to say that the successor gets a carte blanche—the successor can be held accountable through other governance mechanisms, like the board, family council etc. which can be structured to function without the involvement of the predecessor.
Tata Sons’ surprise move to fire Mistry, thus, “does not build confidence in the board or firm for thoughtful leadership,” Carlock said.
“…I see firing the top leader as the last resort when all other options have failed because it destroys the firm’s strategic momentum and confuses the firm’s stakeholders,” Carlock added.
We welcome your comments at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:eec99672-4896-4858-84f9-c972b57df8e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qz.com/india/819599/ratan-tata-vs-cyrus-pallonji-mistry-what-this-ugly-spat-can-teach-indias-family-run-businesses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958186 | 1,440 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Augustine’s Philosophical Anthropology:
Immortality of Human Soul in a Composite Soul-Body
In The City of God, Saint Augustine presents Varro as his representative who holds his two-substance dualistic anthropology. He defines what constitutes a man to be a whole man. An individual human person is an essential body and soul composite. The soul apart from the body and vice-versa cannot be recognized as the whole man. The man has to have both the degenerative material body and the immortal soul together as a unity. My goal in this paper is to show how Augustine used the Platonic tradition as his philosophical framework to harmonize and shape the Christian philosophical anthropology that is compatible with the teachings of the Christian Scriptures.
His works on philosophical anthropology show that he was under strong influence of Platonism, Neo-Platonist work of Plotinus and Porphyry. Frederick C. Copleston claims that Augustine used much of the neo-Platonic ideas while formulating the Christian world and life view. Despite the fact that he had been a Platonist before his conversion to Christianity, his view on the soul seeks to reinterpret the Platonic and neo-Platonic view of the immortality of the soul. For Augustine, the souls are created but immaterial substance simultaneously that bears the image of God.
Firstly, the Platonism claims the souls to be existed eternally and self-sustaining substance that are not created on contrary to what Augustine believes. Diogenes Allen, the professor of Philosophy, writes that “the care of the soul was the fundamental concern for Socrates, Plato, and Plotinus; they all believed that soul is immortal and is capable of existing without a body.” For Plato, the soul is the real person which has certain entities like inherent potentiality of independent existence and full functionality apart from the body. It escapes from the death; hence it also avoids the obliteration of the material body which is merely “the prison house of the soul.” It is the principle of life that carries the essential property of body. Therefore, soul is the life-force for the body.
Secondly, the body is a matter that is also competent to exist on its own, but the functionality comes to halt by virtue of being inert after death that is followed by decomposition. Socrates thinks this is how “death separates the soul from the body.” If there is such a thing called death, then it is merely the separation of the soul from the body. So, it is safe to say that death of a person does not mean an end of personal existence. Death only provides the escape way for the soul to be liberated from the body that is impure and polluted, according to Platonic view. For that reason, the body is prison house indeed that is made for the soul to live in the certain time and space but not a real person.
Finally, Plato believes that the human soul is a rational and a real person. The real knowledge of the Form is only possible, if the soul is pure and immortal. “Pythagoras himself apparently thinks that what makes the soul divine is the intellect, the power to know the true, unchanging reality,” says Allen, “this is the order, proportion, and harmony in the universe evident to reason and the senses.” Socrates first introduced the soul as the “source of motion” as well as “the intelligence or mind of a person.” In this sense, the soul or the intelligence or mind of a person must pre-exist bodily existence. By means of the virtue of soul, then the real knowledge ought to have independent recognition; it cannot be otherwise. Thus, the soul must have ontologically existed from eternity by means of its eternal characteristics; hence has it bore the basic Ideas or knowledge.
Unlike Platonism, the anthropology of Neo-Platonism does not consider the soul as the principle of life. “Soul is related to Intellect analogously to the way Intellect is related to the One. As the One is virtually what Intellect is, so Intellect is paradigmatically what Soul is.” Having said this, the soul transcends everything except the One, because everything emanates from the One. Therefore, the human is more like God.
Nevertheless, Plotinus views the totality of a human person is only the reflection of the temporal embodied life of the soul that the soul uses the body as the instrument to individualize itself. The distinction between an individual and the soul-body composite is quite plainly explained in terms of the individual human alikeness with “a cognitive agent or subject of cognitive states.” So, the soul is a rational being or a true self in a material body.
By the time of Augustine, the philosophical problem of the relationship between the body and soul was still continuing in the marketplace of philosophy schools. He obviously acknowledges the fact that man is the apex of creation and is created with the soul and the body. Nevertheless, he makes distinction between two as the soul-body unity. Copleston presents Augustine’s position on the soul-body, as he views “a soul is a possession of a body does not constitute two persons but one man.” The body and the soul should be taken into account in relation to both, because the soul, as he perceives, ought to be identified with the body too. The soul alone cannot be counted as a whole person or otherwise.
Augustine reasons his arguments for the immortality of soul, first, in the human mind and secondly, in the Scriptures of Christian God and its teachings. Augustine argues that the soul must be a reality because of its capacity to reason. O’Connor summarizes Augustine’s argument as follows: “Truth so exists in the soul that it is inseparable from it, but Truth is immortal, there, the soul is immortal.” He applies the Truth to the soul and argues back to the truth again to imply the undividable correlation between two.
In other words, the soul is a rational being actualizing its essence into the material and corporeal body in order to be a fully human being. “Since the truth can only exist in an incorporeal substance that is alive, and is inseparably connected with it as with its subject, this incorporeal substance, i.e. the soul, must everlastingly live.” In view of the fact that only living substances can reason and the soul is living. Therefore, the soul must be necessarily an incorporeal substance in order to do reason. Thus, the soul is immortal.
The human soul once identified as incorporeal is now a living substance that is the axiom which animates the body. The living soul directs and guides the body. Augustine insists that if the truth to be immortal, then he reasons, unquestionably on Platonic basis, that the human soul must be immortal, since the truth can only exist in the incorporeal soul. In this very sense, that the soul is superior and manipulates the body for sensory experiences but not the other way. “Consequently, if, as we said above, the soul is a subject in which reason is inseparably (by that necessity also by with it is shown to be in the subject) neither can there be any soul except a living soul, nor can reason be in a soul without life, and reason is immortal; hence, the soul is immortal.” By applying the same logic that the reason resides in the mind, Augustine analyzes why the soul is immortal.
The first reason for the immortality of the soul, for Augustine, is the nature of science which is believed to be eternal. According to his writing, science exists everywhere and can never ceases to exist into human mind. It is eternal and the nature and the truth it has cannot be invalidated. The reason is that the equilateral triangle always has three equal angles and three equal sides. The form of the equilateral triangle exists in our human mind without seeing it once we know its basic characteristics. It is rooted in the absolute truth and the science.
He further maintains that science needs lives for its own existence. And science is only possessed by the living, so it cannot dwell in anything that cannot reason. “If we exist who reason, that is, if our mind does, and if our mind cannot reason rightly without science, and if without science no mind can exist except as a mind without science, then science is in the mind of man.” Obviously, the point here is, if science is unchangeable, surely the unchangeable must also be the same eternal property that holds another eternal property. By applying the same logic, we can say that the mind in which eternal science exists ought to be eternal in terms of its nature that eternal cannot exist in non-eternal.
Likewise, reason comes from the mind. In the process of reasoning, the soul performs solely devoid of any assistance from the body. Our thought or reason comes to exist independently through thinking. As Augustine contends that science is the synonym for all knowledge of any type and kinds; science exists and dwells in the human mind. And whatever comes to exist independently through our thought is thus eternal. Therefore, the human mind is eternal and it always lives. O’Connor puts the argument very succinctly:
The human soul contains knowledge, but all knowledge pertains to some science, and science is immortal, therefore the soul is immortal. This argument is followed by another which also appealed strongly to the mind of Augustine at the time it was formulated. The soul of man is immortal because it is the seat of Reason which is immortal. Reason is another of those things which exists in the soul in an inseparable manner, but Reason can exist only in a living subject, and since it must exist always, its subject must be immortal, therefore the human soul is immortal.
The second reason for the immortality of the soul is the Reason itself which is immutable. Our reason originates from the mind. Now, it is lawful to say that Reason is in the mind or reason itself is a mind giving the qualifications of the soul as inseparable with the Reason. We have already talked about Reason that it is also, in the same manner like science and mind, must be necessarily inseparable from the subject (referring to the body), since the Reason needs the living subject according to its nature to function as a complete unit.
The body is mutable due to its alteration in its mode of existence. On the other hand, the Reason is immutable and undeniable in the sense that it applies the same mode consistently in its reasoning. Nothing can influence the mode. Two and two always are four and their existing mode does not change at all. The mode of these numerical values does not change but always exist in the same mode. Therefore, the Reason then is immutable.
Augustine writes that the soul is immortal because God created them and intended them to be immortal. It bears the very image of God. As a result, the soul is superior to the body, says Cooper. Also he argues that God created the soul as a “simple spiritual substance” that does not decompose. This is obvious whatever does not decompose lives. The soul escapes the bodily death, because God bestowed immortality while he created in his image.
Augustine knows the Platonic ideas of reincarnation of the soul. In the City of God, he states that “Plato said that souls could not exist eternally without bodies; for it was on this account, he said, that the souls even of wise men must some time or other return to their bodies.” For Plato, the eternal soul does return to live in another body to become a reincarnated being. That kind of soul shall return to the Father after death of the body. In their reincarnated state, they will escape the misery of the ill world and suffer no more.
Once we evaluate these two views of Plato and Porphyry, we come to know that these views are contrast with the Christian view of the resurrection of the body and the soul. The opposing both views deny the bodily resurrection. Porphyry says that the pure soul belongs to the wise and righteous that should only return to the incorruptible bodies in the world to live a blessed and immortal life. He knows that the cycle of this life, reincarnation should come to an end for the deliverance of these righteous soul, but he thinks that any philosophical school of thoughts has not discovered yet.
If we put these two views together, we can find the missing link that Augustine found to formulate Christian life and worldview about the soul-body eternal life in harmony with the Scripture. That missing link is the grace of Christ that Porphyry did not find because he did not seek rightly for the universal way of the deliverance of the soul. He writes, “We (Christians) say that the separation of the soul from the body is to be held as part of man’s punishment. For they (concerning other philosophers) suppose that the blessedness of the soul then only is complete, when it is quite denuded of the body, and returns to God as a pure and simple, and, as it were, naked soul.” And Augustine does not buy this argument due to its inconsistency in its logic which contradicts with their doctrine of reincarnation.
On the contrary, if we put Plato and Porphyry’s views together, what we find here is the closest resemblance of the Christian doctrine of resurrection of the saints in the end days. Porphyry believes that the holy or the purified soul will never return to live again in the misery. “Let Porphyry then say with Plato, they shall return to the body; let Plato say with Porphyry, they shall not return to their old misery: and they will agree that they return to bodies in which they shall suffer no more.” These views from Plato and Porphyry echoes Christian thought as Augustine himself had suspected them to be Christian.
After examining Augustine’s position on the immortality of the soul and the soul-body composite as a union, we can easily assume how much Greek Philosophy and individual philosophers had influenced his thought. The Platonic traditions and the Neo-Platonic thought can be easily traced in his writing, as sometimes he expressly declares and deliberates their thoughts into his works. His philosophical theology of original sin, free will, and the nature of human soul was very influenced by Neo-platonic. For example, Augustine praises Porphyry for substituting Plato’s view that the human soul will not return to beast rather than human bodies.
In the history of Christianity, the Neo-platonic influenced always did not prove to be disadvantage. Augustine used much of their materials to shape the Christian philosophical thought without losing originality of the orthodox theology of the Church Fathers who lived before him.
In addition to his contribution in the early church, Augustine’s philosophical theology played a major role in the development of the Reformation theology. His philosophical theology can be seen in the works of Thomas Aquinas. Later, Reformers like Luther, and especially John Calvin were much influenced. The theology of Total Depravity and the Irresistible Grace of Augustine had a huge impact on Calvin.
Thus, Augustine’s philosophical theology and especially the Christian philosophical anthropology have great impact throughout the church history. Apostle Paul’s teaching was the guidance for Augustine to keep the orthodox theology of the Church from syncretism and philosophical pluralism of the time. Through his anthropological philosophy, we can now understand what makes us as a complete human person and implication of our soul living in the eternity with God.
Allen, Diogenes. Philosophy for Understanding Theology. Atlanta, Ga.: John Knox, 1985. Print.
Augustine. Basic Writings of Saint Augustine: On the Immortality of the Soul. Trans. Whitney Jennings Oates. Vol. 1. New York: Random House, 1948. Print.
Augustine. The City of God. Trans. Marcus Dods. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006. Print.
Augustine. “The Immortality of the Soul.” Trans. Ludwig Schopp. The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation. Vol. 4. [New York]: Catholic University of America, 1947. 10-15. Print.
Cahn, Steven M. “Plato.” Classics of Western Philosophy. 7th ed. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub., 2006. 49-113. Print.
Cooper, John W. Body, Soul, and Life Everlasting: Biblical Anthropology and the Monism-dualism Debate. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1989. Print.
O’Connor, William P. The Concept of the Human Soul According to Saint Augustine. Thesis. Catholic University of America., 1921. Milwaukee: Archdiocese of Milwaukee, 1921. Print.
“Plotinus.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plotinus/>.
“Plotinus.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 30 June 2003. Metaphysics Research Lab, CSLI, Stanford University. 26 Apr. 2010 <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plotinus/>.
Augustine, The City of God, XIX,3 (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006), 805.
Copleston, A History of Philosophy: Augustine to Scotus (Tunbridge Wells: Burns & Oates, 1999), 15.
John W. Cooper, Body, Soul, and Life Everlasting: Biblical Anthropology and Monism-Dualism Debate, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989), 10.
Allen, Philosophy for Understanding Theology, (Atlanta: John Knox, 1985), 118.
Cahn, Classics of Western Philosophy: Phaedo (64c), (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006), 53.
Allen, Philosophy for Understanding Theology, (Atlanta: John Knox, 1985), 32.
Cahn, Classics of Western Philosophy: Republica (1,353d.), (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 7th ed., 2006), 129. Socrates asks Thrasymachus if he could perform anything without assistance of soul.
Cahn, Classics of Western Philosophy: Phaedo (76c,e), (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 7th ed., 2006), 60.
Copleston, A History of Philosophy: Augustine to Scotus (Tunbridge Wells: Burns & Oates, 1999), 78.
William Patrick O’Connor, The Concept of the Human Soul according to Augustine: Immortality of the Human Soul, (Milwaukee: Archdiocese, 1921), 59.
Ludwig Schopp, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Saint Augustine: Immortality of Soul, Vol. 4 (New York, 1947), 10-15.
William Patrick O’Connor, The Concept of the Human Soul according to Saint Augustine: Sources, (Milwaukee: Archdiocese, 1921), 12. This is taken from his published dissertation for his PhD program.
Basic Writings of Saint Augustine: Augustine on the Immortality of the Soul, Vol. 1, Part One (New York: Random House, 2006), 306.
Ibid, 301.
Ibid, 301.
O’Connor, The Concept of the Human Soul according to Saint Augustine: Sources, (Milwaukee: Archdiocese, 1921), 60. This is taken from his published dissertation for his PhD program.
Augustine, Basic Writings of Saint Augustine. Trans. Whitney Jennings Oates. Vol. 1, (New York: Random House, 1948), 302.
Cooper, Body, Soul, and Everlasting Life: Biblical Anthropology and Monism-Dualism Debate, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdman, 1989), 11.
Augustine, The City of God: Book XXII, Ch. 27 (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006), 1021.
Ibid, 1021.
Augustine, City of God: Book X, Ch. 32 (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006), 409.
Augustine, City of God: Book XIII, Ch. 16 (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006), 507.
Augustine, City of God: Book XXII, Ch. 27 (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006), 1021.
Ibid, 1021. | <urn:uuid:fae1d6c1-ff76-4bb5-9ea0-f9768f106a0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cafn.us/2011/01/26/augustine%E2%80%99s-philosophical-anthropology-immortality-of-human-soul-in-a-composite-soul-body/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.923693 | 4,410 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Scalp Psoriasis Vs Seborrheic Dermatitis
Certain skin diseases look like psoriasis but actually fit another diagnosis. One example of this is seborrheic dermatitis, a red, itchy rash that appears most often on the scalp.
Seborrheic dermatitis seems to have roots in stress, genetic factors, a particular yeast that lives on skin, certain diagnoses or medications and cold, dry weather. Newborns, men and people with oily skin are at the highest risk of this particular form of dermatitis.
Dandruff is caused by seborrhea. Infants with the condition are often referred to as having cradle cap, as well as given an improper diagnosis of diaper rash when the redness occurs around the groin.
Like psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis most often clears and flares throughout the lifetime. If you have symptoms of these disorders, see a dermatologist for a confirmed diagnosis and treatment options. Since seborrhea is not an autoimmune disease, treatment looks different although many of the same items and supplements on my psoriasis diet are similar for those with seborrhea.
Tea Tree Oil Keeps The Scalp Infection
Tea tree oil, an essential oil distilled from the leaves of a plant native to Australia, has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties that can help keep the scalp free of infection,which may result from frequent scratching.
If you have dandruff, psoriasis, or a dry, itchy scalp, mix 1 part tea tree oil to 10 parts olive oil and dab the affected areas with a cotton ball. Leave it on for five minutes before rinsing out.
“While there is no scientific evidence to support the use of tea tree oil for psoriasis, some people report it works, says Stefan C. Weiss, MD, a dermatologist at the Weiss Skin Institute in Boca Raton, Florida. But Dr. Weiss cautions that it can cause an allergic reaction in others. If you’re thinking of trying tea tree oil, test it first by applying a small dab on a healthy patch of skin on the inner arm before using it on your scalp.
How To Naturally Manage Dry & Inflamed Scalp Psoriasis
Have you ever noticed scaly red patches on your scalp? If so, you may be among the 2 to 3% of Americans with psoriasis, an autoimmune disorder that presents itself on the skin, as well as in the joints. And if youve ever experienced this type of flare-up on the scalp, you know it can be quite the challenge to learn how to live with it, while not allowing it to control your every hair move. We consulted with experts to get the lowdown on scalp psoriasis and the natural remedies you can take to help manage your condition.
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Make Sure Your Bedroom Is Conducive To Sleep
If you are having trouble sleeping due to psoriasis itching, the first thing you need to do is to make your room conducive to sleep. Your room should stay cool, but not cold to help soothe your psoriasis. To help you sleep better, make sure you turn off all the light sources, including your computer monitor. If you are sensitive to light or sound, consider wearing an eye mask and earplugs.
Choose a mattress that conforms to your body perfectly and provides adequate support. If you have psoriatic arthritis, a waterbed is highly recommended as it allows for more comfortable movement and helps keep your aching joints loose.
Category Archives: Psoriasis Diets
The impact of diet on psoriasis:
Psoriasis diets are more often then not a solution for reducing outbreak of this skin condition. With this in mind I have reserved this category for those who are serious about a healthy diet.
Diet is often pointed out as one of the probable causes of the development and worsening of psoriasis but yet no serious scientific study has yet demonstrated the real influence of diet on psoriasis
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What Is The Best Shampoo For Psoriasis Of The Scalp
Below, youll find some of the best shampoos for scalp psoriasis:
- 1 T/Gel Therapeutic Shampoo Extra Strength. Neutrogena.
- 2 Psoriasis Medicated Shampoo + Conditioner. Dermarest.
- 3 SAL Shampoo. DHS Sal Shampoo.
- 4 5% Coal Tar Psoriasis Shampoo. PsoriaTrax.
- 5 Clinical Strength Seborrheic Dermatitis Treatment. Head & Shoulders.
What Causes The Itch
When you have psoriasis, a problem with your immune system causes your body to produce too many skin cells, and it does so at a rate of production thats too rapid.
The dead cells move quickly to the outer layer of your skin and build up, forming red patches covered in flaky, silver scales. The skin also turns red and inflamed.
Even though the word psoriasis comes from the Greek word for itch, in the past, doctors didnt consider itching a main symptom of the condition. Instead, they would determine the severity of the disease based on the number of scaly patches a person had.
Today, the medical profession is increasingly recognizing itch as a major symptom of psoriasis.
The itching is caused by psoriasis scales, flakiness, and inflamed skin. However, its also possible to itch in areas of your body that arent covered by psoriasis scales.
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What Is The Best Shampoo For Psoriasis Sufferers
Top 12 Dermatologist Recommended Shampoos For Scalp Psoriasis MG217 3% Charcoal Shampoo. Dove Derma Care Scalp Dryness & Itch Relief Anti-Dandruff Shampoo. Dermarest Psoriasis Medicated Shampoo Plus Conditioner. Neutrogena T/Salt Shampoo Psoriatrax 5% Coal Tar Psoriasis Shampoo. Rugby Sebex shampoo. Bakers P& S Shampoo. Selsun Blue Anti-Dandruff Shampoo with maximum concentration of active ingredients.
How Common Is Psoriasis Itching And Burning
Itching is a very common symptom of psoriasis, affecting between 70% and 90% of people with the condition1. Studies have found that itching was the symptom most frequently complained about by psoriasis patients, with around 77% of patients experiencing itching every day4. Many patients report that itching was the first or second most bothersome symptom of the condition .
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How Do You Permanently Get Rid Of Dandruff Fast
9 Home Remedies To Get Rid Of Dandruff Try tea tree oil. In the past, tea tree oil has been used to treat a variety of conditions, from acne to psoriasis. Use coconut oil. Coconut oil is known for its many health benefits and is often used as a natural remedy for dandruff. Apply aloe vera. Minimize your stress levels. Add apple cider vinegar to your daily routine. Try aspirin. Increase your intake of omega-3 fatty acids.
The Nitty Gritty Of Scalp Psoriasis
Its easy to think that patches of dry, itchy skin on the scalp are caused by some kind of lack of hygiene. But cleanliness has nothing to do with scalp psoriasis.
Psoriasis is actually a chronic inflammatory disorder caused when the immune system doesnt work quite right. Doctors arent sure why, but some people have an immune system that churns out too many skin cells. Since the body cant get rid of these excess cells fast enough, they pile on top of each other, forming flakey, silvery scales.
Psoriasis can pop up anywhere on the body, but when it shows up on your head, dry skin patches can appear under the hair, on the back of the neck, and behind the ears.
Its easy to confuse psoriasis with dandruff, and sometimes dermatologists arent so sure themselves. When it looks like a blend between psoriasis and dandruff, they call it sebopsoriasis a cute couples name for seborrheic dermatitis, aka dandruff, and psoriasis.
However, some clues that your scalp irritation might be psoriasis include more defined or patterned pink scale-like plaques.
Dandruff looks more like generalized greasy flaking with pink patches. Over-the-counter shampoos can typically knock out dandruff, but scalp psoriasis is a little harder to treat.
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Psoralen Plus Ultraviolet A
For this treatment, you’ll first be given a tablet containing compounds called psoralens, or psoralen may be applied directly to the skin. This makes your skin more sensitive to light.
Your skin is then exposed to a wavelength of light called ultraviolet A . This light penetrates your skin more deeply than ultraviolet B light.
This treatment may be used if you have severe psoriasis that has not responded to other treatment.
Side effects include nausea, headaches, burning and itchiness. You may need to wear special glasses for 24 hours after taking the tablet to prevent the development of cataracts.
Long-term use of this treatment is not encouraged, as it can increase your risk of developing skin cancer.
How To Treat Scalp Psoriasis Naturally
The aim of natural Ayurvedic treatment for Scalp psoriasis is to promote repairing of damaged tissue and rejuvenate scalp skin and body. This helps to prevent flaking and itching. Natural treatments and home remedies also protect the scalp against outbreaks, localized hair loss, and inflammation.
Even children get scalp psoriasis. Treatments for both adults and children are almost the same. When you want to treat scalp psoriasis naturally, you have to select those methods which suit your lifestyle. But these treatments have to be done regularly.
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The Healing Benefits Of Dead Sea Salt Baths
People with psoriasis have traveled to the Dead Sea, which borders Jordan, Palestine, and Israel, for centuries to soak in its salty water and experience its healing benefits. Though adding Dead Sea salts to your bath at home isnt quite the same Youre not in the 100-degree dry heat that the Dead Sea provides as well, Weiss says many people find that Dead Sea salt soaks can help alleviate their itching and burning. To try this natural treatment, add a quarter cup of authentic Dead Sea salts to bathwater that is warm to tepid and soak for about 15 minutes. Be sure to apply a moisturizer soon after the bath, because the salt can dry out the skin and worsen any scaly plaques.
Ways To Treat Psoriasis At Home
Even though it affects your skin, psoriasis actually begins deep inside your body in your immune system.
It comes from your T cells, a type of white blood cell. T cells are designed to protect the body from infection and disease. When these cells mistakenly become active and set off other immune responses, it can lead to psoriasis symptoms.
Even though theres no cure, many treatments exist to ease the symptoms of psoriasis. Here are 12 ways to manage mild symptoms at home.
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How Common Is Scalp Psoriasis
It is common and approximately half of all people with psoriasis also have it on their scalp. The reason it deserves special mention is that it can be more difficult to treat and usually requires specifically formulated treatments.
Psoriasis on the scalp forms in the same way as on other parts of the body but the hair traps the scale and so it does not rub away as it would, for instance, on the elbow. The result is that the scale can quickly build up, causing a thicker plaque which becomes more difficult to treat . This difficulty is compounded by the hair, which acts as a physical barrier obstructing the easy application of creams and ointments to the affected skin. Children can get scalp psoriasis too. Treatments will be much the same as those used for adults. On rare occasions, scalp psoriasis has been known to disappear spontaneously, but it can remain on the scalp for lengthy periods of time too.
Shark Cartilage May Offer Relief At A Price
Research is inconclusive, but some preliminary studies suggest that shark cartilage which contains a mixture of protein, minerals, and carbohydrates and is available in powder or pill form can help relieve symptoms of plaque psoriasis. However, shark cartilage can be costly, and you may find relief with other, less expensive psoriasis home remedies. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should avoid shark cartilage. If you have diabetes, it may be off-limits because it can lower blood sugar levels. Always talk to the dermatologist helping you manage your psoriasis before starting a shark cartilage regimen. And you should be especially careful if you take calcium supplements, because taking calcium along with shark cartilage may lead to an overload of calcium in your blood.
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Natural Remedies For Scalp Psoriasis
Although its important to note that home remedies are not proven cures, the following treatments have all been reported to help ease some symptoms of scalp psoriasis.
Aloe vera – As a plant that has antibacterial properties, aloe vera can help reduce the itching, inflammation and flaking caused by scalp psoriasis.
Coconut or avocado oil – The natural fats of both avocado and coconuts can help keep skin healthy. Simply add a couple of drops of either oil to your scalp, then put on a shower cap. After 20 minutes, remove the cap and wash your hair. This is known to reduce the itching and redness associated with scalp psoriasis.
Garlic – Another ingredient with anti-inflammatory properties and packed full of antioxidants, garlic can help treat psoriasis and other skin conditions. Mixing pressed garlic with aloe vera is a commonly used home remedy. Like using coconut or avocado oil, simply rub the mixture onto your scalp, leave for 20 minutes, and then wash your hair.
Turmeric – This well-known herb contains curcumin, an ingredient that helps to heal wounds and reduce inflammation. If you have scalp psoriasis, introducing 1 to 3 grams of turmeric into your cooking can help alleviate the symptoms.
Note: If you have moderate or severe scalp psoriasis, its always best to seek the professional advice of a trained doctor before trying a natural remedy.
Light Therapy For Scalp Psoriasis
UV light can be used to reduce scalp psoriasis symptoms. This process uses a UV light that the scalp is exposed to, from time to time. This has to be done under your doctors supervision to prevent burns.
Do not expose yourself to tanning beds, as UV rays can cause a significant amount of damage to your skin.
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Talk To Your Doctor About These Scalp
Psoriasis symptoms can show up anywhere on your body. Itchy or sore patches of raised, red, dry skin known as plaques can occur on the face, arms and hands, legs and feet, and the back. One of the most common types of psoriasis affects the scalp. According to the National Psoriasis Foundation , at least half of the 7.5 million Americans who have the disease have it on their scalp.
How you treat any type of psoriasis depends, to some degree, on how severe it is. The symptoms of scalp psoriasis can range from mild scales and flaking to moderate and severe plaques that cover the entire scalp and can cause the hair to thin in areas. Severe scalp psoriasis can go beyond your hairline, across the forehead to your neck and around the ears.
Depending on your symptom severity and how much of your skin is affected, your doctor may recommend a variety of treatment options. Fortunately, if one treatment doesnt work or stops being effective, there are likely to be others that you can try.
We have so many fantastic ways to clear psoriasis and to treat scalp psoriasis, says Melodie Young, NP, RN, an advanced practice nurse focusing on gerontology and dermatology at Baylor Scott and White Modern Dermatology in Dallas.
Severe flares may require the use of oral or injectable medication in conjunction with such topical treatments.
What Are The Symptoms
Scalp psoriasis causes redness and scaliness, which may also involve the hairline, the forehead, behind the ears and the back of the neck. It can range from very mild with slight fine scaling to very severe, crusted thick scaling covering the entire scalp. Hair loss during the flare-up can occur in some cases, but the hair will normally grow back. Psoriasis can be itchy, make the scalp feel tight and occasionally cause soreness, especially if there are cracks in the skin.
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Psoriasis On Eyelids Natural Treatment
I have psoriasis from infancy, so all my life Im living in constant itching, dandruff body.I have psoriasis in the scalp, eyelids, ears, hands. Also a few small patches are on the back, chest and legs. And even inside of the ears!
Over the life I tried a lot of different drugs, but now I know that nothing else is helping, as good as eating healthy . But it is damn hard when food that I can eat is almost counted on the fingers.
And FINALLY my skin is looking better than ever! Paches on face is no longer red and some places on scalp is clearing up! Still a lot of dandruff . You can check my before and after picutres on eyelids below :
Now I finally feel comfortable in my skin! Im adding photos where my face was red and painful and now red and pain is gone and its looking way more better
And now I trully believe that I can overcome it and finally reach remission! I want to thank all of you for everything. For helping, for sharing your stories, for caring and just for being here. Believe me, to me it means a lot!..
Colorful Fruits And Veggies:
One of the simplest things people can do to deal with the psoriasis disease is to eat a great deal of fresh and colorful vegetables and fruits. Make sure that you will be including a variety of colorful foods to your daily meals variety will ensure that you will not miss any essential and necessary nutrient. Colorful veggies and fruits are rich in fiber and contain disease-fighting antioxidants, which makes you less likely to overeat and feel fuller as well. Whenever you see the sign of psoriasis on your skin, you should maintain a healthy weight so that the medications and home remedies will work more effectively for you.
Learn more: How To Get Clear Skin With Moles, Warts, An Skin Tags Removal to learn ways to get smooth skin naturally at home.
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Last days in the term for the Supreme Court have been days for releasing decisions on the most controversial cases, so watchers of the Court have become used to bracing themselves for some of the worst decisions that the justices can deliver up. Amid the wreckage produced in that culminating week last June, the Court managed to resume its role as the Chief Engine at work in the coarsening of the culture. One of the most notable first steps came years ago in gradually sweeping away the restraints on pornography, applied in a rough but overall useful and salutary way by the States and cities. And now, the Court took another critical step: It struck down the laws that have long worked to bar the use of obscenities in the titles of corporations. A seasoned lawyer in New York pointed out to me many years ago that, if those restraints were not in place, the telephone directories would be filled with names such as the Amherst F–ing Coffee Company.
The case was Iancu v. Brunetti. Erik Brunetti sought a trademark for a brand of streetwear he would call “FUCT”—Friends U Can’t Trust. Close enough to the F-word that the Federal Trademark and Patent Office refused to register the trademark. During the oral argument on the case, Chief Justice Roberts was willing to voice the concern that would spring up at once for ordinary folk: that these kinds of advertisements would be posted in malls where children could see them; but even apart from children, the case raised the question of whether the government should be “facilitating this kind of vulgarity.”
Roberts did not recede from his concerns here even as he concurred with the main opinion written by Justice Kagan, striking deeply at any laws that would impose moral restraints on the names of corporations. The remarkable thing was that Roberts’s concern for opening the floodgates on vulgarity was expressed in terms even more vibrant and fearful in the liberal wing of the Court by Justices Sotomayor and Breyer. In registering those deep qualms, these three judges were described only as “dissenting in part.” And there we find the true puzzle of this case: Virtually all of the justices writing separate opinions revealed their keen awareness of the further, corrosive damage in the culture that this decision was certain to license. Each one of them voiced the wish that Congress would replace the current law with a measure more narrowly focused to deal with vulgarity, obscenity, and lewdness. And yet, each one of them fell in line to strike down the law as it was, finding it too broadly phrased to cover things “immoral” and wrongful. So convinced they were that the law was too vague to be sustained that it somehow failed to count for them that the administrators applying the law applied it precisely as these justices would have wished.
This was an unforced error that the Court could so easily have averted. Virtually every judge wanted to avert this outcome, and they already were edging toward the formula that could have helped them. But they would have found themselves simply backing into old ground, rather like Chesterton’s explorers, out to discover a New Land, and ending up landing at Brighton.
What the justices failed to see was that there was in fact no practicable way for the law to be rewritten. It could not have been made more precise. And just why that was so was explained many years ago by the redoubtable Thomas Reid, the Scottish philosopher of the 18th century, who had been read closely and with deep respect by both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. Passages from his works were threaded through James Wilson’s lectures on law, and Wilson invoked Reid in the first case to elicit a set of opinions by the first Supreme Court in 1793, Chisholm v. Virginia. It was the habit of luminaries in our Founding generation to be literate and current with the best things written in philosophy at the time. That kind of learning has disappeared now from the studies of most lawyers, even when they were undergraduates. But a minor dose of that philosophic reading could have delivered the justices, in Iancu, from the elementary mistake that distracted their judgments, with severe costs to the country.
Thomas Reid’s lesson came in the early pages of his classic book on The Active Powers of the Human Mind. His favored targets were the moral skeptics led by David Hume, and among the things that Hume professed not to know was the very meaning of such things as “active powers” possessed by human beings. But here, as in other cases, wrote Reid, “the philosophers have found great difficulties about a thing which, to the rest of mankind, seems perfectly clear.” The ordinary man understands, without the need for reflection, the “active power” he exerts to perform his own acts, from the prosaic to the grand, whether choosing to open a bottle or join the army. Reid was referring to things so elementary that the ordinary person grasped them as a matter of course, and virtually had to take them for granted. “It is well known,” he said, “that there are many things perfectly understood and of which we have clear and distinct conceptions, which cannot be logically defined.” As he continued:
No man ever attempted to define magnitude; yet there is no word whose meaning is more distinctly or more generally understood. We cannot give a logical definition of thought, of duration, of number or of motion…When men attempt to define such things, they give no light. They may give a synonymous word or phrase, but it will probably be a worse for a better.
Take, for example, that notion of “number.” A dictionary would tell us that, by “number” we mean “a member of the set of positive integers; one of a series of unique meaning in a fixed order which may be derived by counting.” Something “unique”? Meaning “one” of its kind? “A member”? That is, one? But one what? There is a “fixed order” or “series” derived by “counting,” but what is it that is “counted,” and what are the “units” that make up the series? As Reid suggested, every attempt to provide the definition will end up offering synonyms or saying the same thing in another way.
We might imagine what Congress could do if it were asked to make more precise a statute that depended on terms such as “up” and “down.” I would suggest that this was essentially the problem that the justices, in Iancu, were asking the Congress to solve in this case, to deliver them from their moral perplexity.
Thomas Reid became famous as an exponent of what he called “common sense,” and by that he meant those fundamental points of understanding that ordinary people were just compelled to take for granted as they got on with the business of “life as lived.” Before anyone would banter with David Hume about the meaning of “causation,” the ordinary man well understood his own active powers to cause his own acts to happen. We might ask then, what was the elementary thing involved in the Iancu case, the thing that the Congress could not define even more precisely if Congress sought to rise to the pleas of Justices Alito and Sotomayor?
All of the needful ingredients in identifying and restraining the speech that may be assaulting, denigrating, or obscene were contained in the classic case of Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942). The key passage, cited so often from Justice Frank Murphy’s opinion, ran in this way:
There are certain well-defined and narrowly limited classes of speech, the prevention and punishment of which have never been thought to raise any Constitutional problem. These include the lewd and obscene, the profane, the libelous, and the insulting or “fighting” words — those which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace. It has been well observed that such utterances are no essential part of any exposition of ideas, and are of such slight social value as a step to truth that any benefit that may be derived from them is clearly outweighed by the social interest in order and morality.
Lawyers and judges tend to forget that there had been two critical strands here: words “which by their very utterance inflict injury” or “tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace.” The Court, in 1971, in Cohen v. California, effectively removed that first strand, as Mr. Justice Harlan reduced the meaning of all moral words to be merely subjective and emotive: “One man’s vulgarity,” he famously wrote, “is another’s lyric.” The Court then confined the test of “fighting words” to words spoken in a face to face setting, more likely to incite a violent reaction. But that bit of excising has been the source of considerable confusion—and harm—since then. For that first strand marked a venerable understanding, long appreciated in the law: that “assault” does not strictly require physical touching or the laying on of hands. An assault may be accomplished by holding an unloaded gun near someone’s head and pulling the trigger. It may be accomplished also by threatening phone calls in the middle of the night,which is why “verbal assaults” are every bit as much “assaults” as acts of physical striking. It may also be carried out by burning a cross outside the home of a black family that happens to be out of town: an act of assault without a “face to face encounter.”
But the deeper strength of the holding in Chaplinsky was that it relied on the common sense understandings that were accessible to ordinary people in their awareness of “ordinary language”—their awareness of how the words they heard and used were commonly understood. Human beings are by nature “moral agents” given to pronouncing judgments on matters of “right” and “wrong,” and so our common language will contain terms that carry the moral functions of praising and blaming, commending and condemning.
And within that field of moral terms, there are words and gestures with more of an edge, even more instantly recognized: they are the terms that insult, denigrate, and even incite people to violence. There is no mystery as to what those terms are, and we don’t need professors or judges to identify them for us. They are indeed as well known to construction workers as to lawyers. We can give people a list of words and ask if they can mark off the terms that are understood as terms of denigration or obscenity, as opposed to words that are innocent and inoffensive. And so we may give them: “Nigger, kike bastard, urologist, registrar, saint.” Ordinary people have no trouble telling the difference and picking out the words that would be understood instantly as terms of derision and insult. All of this works quite well with libertarian premises: “Do no convict, do not restrain speech in case of any doubts, with terms hovering at some borderline between insult and harmlessness. Restrain or bar words only when they are widely understood in ordinary usage as terms of insult or derision.”
Justice Murphy in the Chaplinsky case also pointed out that these words “are no essential part of any exposition of ideas.” And so Mr. Rosenfeld, raging at a school board in New Jersey, had one adjective: “motherf–g.” Rosenfeld could be asked to stop using that word and wrecking the climate of discussion, without interfering in the slightest way with his freedom to make the most searing, substantive argument about the school board. Justice Alito, in his concurring opinion in Iancu, picked up on that precise point, even as he was content to vote in this case to deny the authority to bar those kinds of words. As he put it, “Our decision does not prevent Congress from adopting a more carefully focused statute that precludes the registration of marks containing vulgar terms that play no real part in the expression of ideas.” Chief Justice Roberts drew on that same point yet again when he remarked that “refusing registration to obscene, vulgar or profane marks does not offend the First Amendment.” Neither Justice bothered to remind people that he was simply leaning again on the standard that had been set down in the classic Chaplinsky case.
Justice Sotomayor was even more certain than the Chief Justice that the decision she was joining would “beget unfortunate results.” With this decision, she said, “the Government will have no statutory basis to refuse … registering marks containing the most vulgar, profane or obscene words and images imaginable.” Sotomayor thought that the majority had been too facile in collapsing the difference between “scandalous” and “immoral.” Justice Alito thought that both words were too imprecise, that they could “easily be exploited for illegitimate ends.” But Sotomayor thought that the “scandalous” could be more readily cabined to “the small group of lewd words or ‘swear’ words that cause a visceral reaction, that are not commonly used around children, and that are prohibited in comparable settings.” She concluded then that the situation could be saved if the Court simply adopted “a narrow construction for the word ‘scandalous’—interpreting it to regulate only obscenity, vulgarity and profanity.” And that move would “save [the policy of regulating trademarks] from unconstitutionality.”
Which is to say: Back to Chaplinsky! Back to the common sense ground that may never be in place. But how does that differ from the standards of judgment that the Trademark Office had actually applied in this case? The statute governing the Patent and Trademark Office authorized the withholding of trademarks that consist of “immoral or scandalous matter.” Justice Kagan was good enough to recall that, as the Office sought to apply that statute, it asked whether the public would view a trademark as “shocking to the sense of truth, decency, or propriety”; “calling out for condemnation [which is to say,”wrongful”]; “offensive”; or “disreputable.” Which is to say, the Office sought to explain in different ways how ordinary people would understand what it means to say that something was “immoral”: (wrongful) or “scandalous.” And it offered precisely the same translation that Justice Sotomayor offered for “scandalous.” As Thomas Reid would have explained, people were simply offering different words for the same thing as they sought to explain what they could mean by “insulting,” “derogatory,” “obscene,” “offensive,” and “stirring anger and conflict.”
In his own, rambling way, Justice Breyer thought these were “attention-grabbing words” that risked the making of public spaces “repellant, perhaps on occasion creating the risk of verbal altercations or even physical confrontations.” In his usual manner, affecting to offer an insight rare and novel, Justice Breyer rediscovered the meaning of “fighting words” 77 years after Justice Murphy set it down in the Chaplinsky case. But the fact that everyone writing was saying the same thing seemed only to confirm to Justice Kagan (as Thomas Reid had warned) that no one could exactly define something rather basic, which everyone essentially grasped. She did not see how the meaning of “immoral” and “scandalous” could be narrowed, as the Government rightly argued, to marks that were “lewd, sexually explicit, or profane.” She and her clerks consulted a dictionary and found that “immoral” might mean “inconsistent with rectitude, purity or good morals”; “wicked,” or “vicious.” And “scandalous” would typically mean “giv[es] offense to the conscience or moral feelings”; “excite[s] reprobation” or “call[s] out condemnation.” Exactly, as Reid foretold to us: everyone seeking out different ways to explain the same rudimentary thing.
We might as well ask the Congress to give us that more precise definition of “up” and “down”–perhaps “higher” and “lower”? “Elevated” and “sunken”? But for Kagan the problem ran even deeper, for if we take her seriously she must be one of the rare bipeds in the land who does not grasp at once Aquinas’s first rule of practical reasoning: that we commend and applaud what is rightful and good, while we condemn, discourage, and even punish the things we regard as wrongful and evil. And so Kagan found something arbitrary in the fact that the Trademark Office “allows registration of marks when their messages accord with, but not when their messages defy, society ‘s sense of decency or propriety.” The statute, she observed with a laser-like clarity, would favor phrases such “Love rules” rather than “Always be Cruel.” And one must wonder: Justice Kagan had a chamber filled with clerks drawn from the best universities and law schools in the country. Was there really no one among them who had taken even an introductory course in moral philosophy; no one who could have told her that she was falling into a mistake that should embarrass a sophomore?
And yet even in the face of writing as incontinent as this, Justice Alito sought to assure his friends following the work of the Court that “our decision is not based on moral relativism.” In any reckoning, Justice Alito would stand among the wisest, and most savvy, of our jurists. But I’m afraid that his assurance here was instantly undercut by this jarring passage in Justice Kagan’s opinion for the Court: She noted that the Trademark Office had “rejected marks reflecting support for al-Qaeda (BABY AL QAEDA and AL-QAEDA on t-shirts) ‘because the bombing of civilians and other terrorist acts are shocking to the sense of decency and call out for condemnation.’ …. Yet it approved registration of a mark with the words WAR ON TERROR MEMORIAL.”
For Justice Kagan, “viewpoint neutrality” evidently means that we must be willing to treat, on the same moral plane, or the same plane of legitimacy, the killing of the innocent in terrorism and the opposition to the killing of the innocent. But nothing calling itself a “moral perspective” can treat the killing of the innocent as standing on the same plane as the defense of innocent life. If that is not “moral relativism,” words have lost their meaning.
Justice Alito touched the concern that a law too broad, with limits ill-defined, “can easily be exploited for illegitimate ends.” For conservatives the specter has been that of the “speech codes” and the outright repressing of conservative speakers and professors on the campuses. Nothing accounts more for the willingness of the conservatives to swing over to the side of a sweeping relativism on the matter of speech. By drawing a clear, unequivocal line, they have hoped to shore up the protections for speech on the campuses and in the public arena. That concern seemed obviously at work when Justice Scalia took the dramatic step to strike down laws barring the burning of crosses in 1992. But as anyone can see, none of that has worked. If anything, the climate of intolerance and repression on the campuses has become ever more assertive, without a trace of apology. And yet why should the conservatives affect to be surprised?
Once we sign on to the premises of moral relativism, we can no longer explain or defend the rightness or goodness of that regime of freedom we are seeking to preserve. We cut the moral ground out from under our defense of freedom in speech, or anything else. With the best intentions, and the most liberal temper, the conservatives have joined the Left on the Court in creating a spiral of relativism that promises to bore down ever further. That is not a path that conservative jurists should have helped blaze for us, and they should not be riding this spiral all the way down. | <urn:uuid:8c136c7b-9806-4322-9202-42dbd6d33af2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lawliberty.org/the-supremes-ride-the-spiral-down-relativism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.97584 | 4,375 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Money Management Important Tips
Powerful Tips for Money Management
When young adults begin to work and receive their first paycheck, they get a taste of a sense of real freedom & don’t usually think about money management. This feeling is usually not combined with the little voice that says, Save your money. They suddenly find that they are sharing their wealth and are buying things they could not afford in the past. Celebration is not bad, but it is only meant for rare occasions. Freedom comes with responsibilities.
If real money management is not practiced early, there is a real chance that spending will often be more gluttonous than necessity.
Financial Finesse printed an article titled, “2013 Financial Stress Research”. In this article some startling statistics were brought to light. In the age category of 30 years and younger, 62% admitted to feeling financial stress while an additional 15% admitted to feeling overwhelmed by their financial situation.
[bctt tweet=”Here are some important tips for good money management…” username=”HBSMoneyTips”]
Here are a few powerful tips for money management:
Create a budget. A budget will let you know what you can afford and how to best spend your money.
Financing a Mercedes may not be the smartest spending habit when you are just beginning to live your life. Sure, you may be able to afford it but that doesn’t mean you should do it. Use common sense in money management.
Look at all the little ways you are spending your money. Cut out the daily designer coffees and vending machine visits. While the amounts seem very little, added up, you could be spending more than a $1,000 in something as simple and not needed as designer coffee. Eating out for lunch every day has an equally surprising impact at the end of the month. You could easily spend $2,500 a month for a daily $10 lunch.
Check with your employer about the company 401k plan. Many employers offer matching contributions and this is essentially free money. Take advantage of this. Set aside as much money as you can now so your retirement money can grow and grow.
The recommendation for retirement savings is 10% of your paycheck. Add more if you can. Your employer will automatically deduct this amount from your paycheck so you will never see it.
Auto deduct everything. Your bank can automatically deduct certain amounts to go into various savings. Monthly bills can also be automated. Having money auto-deducted avoids the spontaneous impulse to spend money you shouldn’t.
Create your emergency savings. People are generally able to survive until emergency strikes, and then they often feel like they are constantly drowning and having a hard time keeping their head above the debt.
Emergencies come in various forms from health, to auto or home repairs, to job loss. Diverting as much money as you can to your emergency savings will give you peace of mind, especially when emergencies strike.
Your emergency savings should always have at least 3-6 months of being able to live solely off this fund.
It is easy to let tomorrow worry about tomorrow, but this is not the way to establish a strong financial foundation. The choices you make today could very well make or break you in the future. Success isn’t just about your job or toys, it is your bottom line and how debt free you really do live. Exercise common sense in money management.
Gust Lenglet is the CEO of HBS Financial Group, Ltd., an accounting & tax preparation firm in Maryland. He has more than 25 years of experience in the banking and financial industry. Gust started his career as a loan officer at a major national bank, and then moved on to become controller of a major law firm. In recent years, he has written many financial articles that have been published on Ezine Articles and many websites. | <urn:uuid:bdb6440b-62d2-472b-b4dc-67ac616de8b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hbsfinancialgroup.net/money-management-important-tips | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.964196 | 794 | 2.0625 | 2 |
...look at the size of the debt in the US and other interesting amounts in this telltale graphic.
I wanted to say lol at first, but this is kinda depressing. How is it possible that so much money is getting lost?
It's not lost, it's spent. ;-) A lot of it is spent on war, afganistan, irak and so on. Also before these wars, they already had a very large dept.
But to be honest, the US is pretty much broke. Even though a lof of goods are made and bought in China from the US, more money flows from China to the US instead of the other way around. They are buying on credit.
Someone somewhere mentioned, soon they will tag new borns in the US with: property of China. So maybe they were not made in China, they are owned by China.
The US is a mess, as you may know, elections are not very democratic in the US anymore. It's mostly about money and funding. To campaign for an election, you need money, lots of money. They get donations, a large part comes from corporations, but they have demands.
What they are doing now - and a lot of nations do the same - is they are printing more money, even though there is nothing to back it up. That way, the nations end up being controlled by those to whom they owe most. We think we elect our governments, but it doesn't matter who is in power, the wealthy and powerful own us. The Trilateral Commission is the most recent secretive organisation that is bringing about so much change, and undermining the wealthy nations.
Well, isn't it time for people to demonstrate against these kind off situations? I mean if they look into it closely they see they're getting f*@#'ed.
I think I would grasp anything to complain! I mean 29 Million people without a job! How the H can they live their lives then
It's hard to argue with those who have the army. Look at Tianamen Square. Our society is just as regimented. The difference is they let us protest, and then tell us we're free, and completely ignore the wishes of the people.
I didn't read the page as the printing was too small for me to see it properly. The fact is, lots of people happily live their lives knowing others are starving. Would you give all your excess money to feed the starving? Most of us don't or won't. I'm currently jobless, and as my money runs out (it's almost gone now), I begin to panic. I have some options, and many friends who would help, so I have resources in that way. But the employment situation here for a middle aged woman who has spent the majority of her career working with homeless men is very limited. Do you think the leaders of my country are concerned about me? No way.
No they aren't I think. We have the same in NL. And that's why it's importent to have some good friends around who will help you out.
But I don't understand, why don't you get a own company Photographing people? Your pictures and graphics are good, so that wouldn't be a problem.
Gerben, I really appreciate the vote of confidence. I am thinking something along those lines, but I'm really just mediocre. First, I have to find somewhere to live.
I'm lucky to have options.
But Mediocre often gets the job done, although I don't agree fully with you. I'm mediocre to, maybe worse. But's a learning process and the curve always goes up :).
And as we say here: After rain comes sunshine
...and mosquitoes. LOL You're a good man, Gerben.
gheghe, forgot about the mosquitoes :P | <urn:uuid:542d1c9c-5452-4ad3-990f-0d92a9e9b65a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rgbstock.com/forum/msg/253 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.983517 | 807 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The Culture Map
In the final pages author Erin Meyer says at a deep level we humans are the same species, driven by common needs and motivations. But also as individuals we are all different.
The challenge for leaders is to understand whether differences in their teams are down to personality, character, or culture.
Meyer hones cultural misunderstandings down to eight scales: communicating, evaluating, persuading, leading, deciding, trusting, disagreeing and scheduling.
Each has a chapter devoted to it with real life examples, clear strategies for managing discord, helping people value differences, and develop coping mechanisms that work for them.
Meyer’s experience is that working relationships significantly improve when people understand the similarities and differences between cultures – her culture map is a visual model of this.
How can this help you? Buy and read the book, plot your team members cultures, share and discuss with your team. | <urn:uuid:d37f6d38-58b3-4077-98b8-1f7c449e1dff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sweeneycomms.com/The-Culture-Map-g.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950158 | 191 | 2.453125 | 2 |
The “Station Mass” originated in Rome under the auspices of Pope Gregory the Great (590 – 604). They were conceived as a daily pilgrimage in the footsteps of the martyrs and saints. Pilgrims and penitents visited forty churches in Rome on foot and performed penitential exercises and celebrated Mass in each “stopping place” or “station”. In doing so, they were also following the example of Jesus who went out into the desert and fasted for forty days and forty nights in preparation for his mission. It is this “journey” which forms the spiritual background to the forty days of Lent and the journey each of us has to make into the desert of our own hearts and lives. | <urn:uuid:179fb144-704f-42d0-bf40-b5ea1898c55a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rcadc.org/event/lenten-station-mass-st-marys-merthyr-tydfil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.974719 | 153 | 3.125 | 3 |
Begin argues against the claim that Zionism equals not only racism, but also extremism. He explains that Zionism is suddenly seems to be extreme because Zionists do not want to have Arafat in control of “the heart of Western Eretz Israel.” Then he shifts to talk about the error the Government has made with the new slogan of “if they recognize us, we’ll recognize them.” Additionally, when Israel argued that they would not participate in the UN Security Council sessions if the PLO participates, there was the claim that Israel’s reaction was emotional and extremist. However, Begin points out how the UN resolutions 212 and 194 are the formula for destroying Israel. Therefore, it should not be seen as extremism when wanting to protect Israel from destruction. Towards the end he mentions that it is self-destructive for Jews accepting the term Palestinian and believing that Arabs in Nazarath waving a Palestinian flag is merely self-expression.
Subjects: Liberal Party
Begin focuses on Yitzchak Rabin’s undemocratic stand that the chairman of the Jewish Agency (the Zionist Organization) must be part of the Labor Party. Party membership is the important factor, not valuable qualifications and experience. Begin gives examples showing that this has not happened in other democratic countries. Begin talks about Labor Party spokesmen’s reactions when a candidate for the Chairman of the Jewish Agency chose to not enter his candidacy in the name of a political party. They identified him as being part of Likud and said they would do their best to prevent his election. Begin argues that by having party membership be the important factor for the position as chairman is “a blow against democracy in Israel.”
Despite Israel’s serious political and economic position, Begin assures the public that there is no cause for pessimism or despair. He blames the leadership of the Labor Alignment for the current crisis. Likud’s philosophy, Begin explains, aims to achieve peace by making it clear to Israel’s neighbors that “they have no possibility of destroying the State of Israel.” Begin gives an example of honest leadership from the Tanach, about the spies that Moses sent, one from each of the twelve tribes, to the land of Canaan. Upon returning, they reported a land flowing with milk and honey, but the inhabitants were strong, and the cities large and fortified. One of the spies, Caleb, said “Let us go up at once and occupy it, for we are well able to overcome it.” Begin uses this example of bravery and leadership in facing the challenges that lie ahead for Israel, but reminding the public that Israel is a strong nation that is capable of overcoming any obstacle in its way.
With elections approaching, Begin speaks about Gahal being the true opposition of the Government. He argues that despite what the Independent Liberals claim, they are not the leading opposition party. He also speaks of positive prospects for the election results, with Gahal gaining more representation in the next Knesset. The then shares different reasons as to why citizens will vote in support of Gahal. He emphasizes that Gahal believes in Greater Israel, with no partition of the Homeland. He also speaks about today’s privilege of no longer living in sacfrifice and suffering. He concludes that Gahal is the party that will do the best in handling future difficulties the country may face.
Begin defends himself and Herut against the negative claims that he rules Herut and that Herut would rather stay in the Opposition, and not attain the Government. He speaks of his own moral influence and his belief that “ruling” means being of service to citizens. He explains that Herut and the Liberal Party formed the coalition Gahal, and if they are given the authority, Gahal will propose an inclusive Government. Begin shares that at each Herut Movement convention, there are new faces and new members, some being former members of the Labor Party. Then he speaks about the difficulty Herut experienced while compromising with the Liberal Party for the sake of the creation of Gahal. Begin shifts to discuss Herut’s consistent stand against partition of the Homeland, unlike other parties. He also speaks about the importance of narrowing the socio-economic gap. He concludes emphasizing that Herut has not changed its views, because the views have always been morally correct. | <urn:uuid:d1495098-f054-4ab4-a2df-a8a78d37f4d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://db.begincenter.org.il/en/subject_tags/liberal-party/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.967095 | 900 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Sewage Clean Up
Just when you start thinking that water in your home is the worst thing you can imagine; along comes a blockage in a drain pipe that creates something far worse. A sewage backup can be highly unpleasant and unhealthy. Just the term “sewage” takes the mind to distasteful places, and cleaning sewage up is a dirty job.
Five Point Restoration is happy to do it.
It is true that some sewage jobs can involve the raw, nauseating backups you are probably imagining. They bring destruction, odor, and health hazards that must be handled with industry proven precautions for your health and safety. But like all property disasters, there are different degrees of sewage damage. The industry definition of sewage is water that “is highly contaminated and could cause death or serious illness if consumed by humans”(IICRC S500 Standard and Reference Guide).
This means water coming from any drain in the property might be classified as sewage based on the level of microbial contamination. Just because it looks clean doesn’t mean it is. Water draining from a kitchen disposal can have every bit as much microbial contamination as a toilet overflow. But whether the source is a cracked disposal, a clogged toilet, or a root-packed main halfway to the street, the headache you feel as a homeowner is the same.
Five Point Restoration can handle it. With all the microbes, bacteria and viruses that can be found in all levels of sewage damage, you don’t want a do-it-yourself approach. Call the pros. Our crews will remove the affected materials and minimize the damage. We can help you decide what can be sanitized and what needs to be disposed of. We will decontaminate and sanitize all the polluted areas and make sure your property is safe and clean. If you find that a sewage line has caused a mess in your home or business, call Five Point Restoration. | <urn:uuid:9f44eba5-d063-42e5-b751-c4038eafa211> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fivepointrestoration.com/Sewage%20Cleanup/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.932954 | 402 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Showing 1–16 of 19 results
Digital Insulation Resistance Meter (10kV）ES3035E Multimeter Digital Tester₦650,000
- Function：insulation resistance test, voltage test
- Rated voltage(V)：250V；500V；1000V；2500V；5000V；10KV
- Insulation resistance range（GΩ）：0.01MΩ～1000GΩ
- DC voltage range：0～1000V
- AC voltage range：0～750V.
Dräger X-am 8000 multigas detector₦790,000
Clearance measurement, release and documentation in no timeThe X-am 8000 effectively supports various applications with specially developed assistant functions that guideyou through each process step by step. During clearance measurement, for example, the smart assistantcalculates the necessary flooding time for the device and probe (FKM hose) based on parameters such asmeasuring gases, temperature limits, and the indicated hose length.
Fluke 1625-2 GEO Earth Ground Tester Kit₦1,950,000
The Fluke 1625-2 is a unique earth ground tester that can perform all four types of earth ground measurement:
- 3- and 4-Pole Fall-of-Potential (using stakes)
- 4-Pole Soil Resistivity testing (using stakes)
- Selective testing (using 1 clamp and stakes)
- Stakeless testing (using 2 clamps only) Adjustable limits – for quicker testing
- IP56 rated for outdoor use
- Rugged carrying case.
Fluke 1738 Power Logger, 3 Phase, 1 KVA₦1,750,000
Make critical power quality and energy decisions in real-time with the Fluke 1738 Three-Phase Power Logger built with Fluke Connect mobile app and desktop software compatibility. Ideal for conducting energy studies and basic power quality logging, the 1738 automatically captures and logs over 500 power quality parameters so you have more visibility into the data you need to optimize system reliability and savings.
FLUKE 28 II EX Intrinsically safe true RMS digital multimeter₦850,000
A single tool provides you with all the functions for complete testing and troubleshooting, whether within or outside ATEX Zones 1, 2, 21 or 22. You no longer have to carry several measuring instruments for different areas or need to be concerned about entering a hazardous zone with a non ATEX-certified device.
Fluke 434-II Three-Phase Energy Analyzer₦2,200,000
Fluke 434 ii Help locate, predict, prevent, and troubleshoot power quality problems in three-phase and single-phase power distribution systems with this energy analyzer. This unit’s measurement process and data output are optimized to help you easily access important information. Additionally, it features an energy loss calculator.
Fluke 435-II Power Quality and Energy Analyzer₦3,200,000
Power quality issues may affect the operation of critical loads and impact on your bottom line negatively. Think of this power quality and energy analyzer as an insurance policy. The user can calculate the cost of wasted energy due to poor power quality, and troubleshoot the source of power quality or motor performance issues. Additionally, it’s designed to provide the user with the data needed to quickly get to the root of the problem.
Fluke 754 Documenting Process Calibrator with HART Instrument₦1,800,000
The 754 is everything you needed and wished for in the 744 and more! HART communication capability is combined to deliver an integrated communicating calibrator. This rugged, reliable tool is ideal for calibrating, maintaining, and troubleshooting HART and other instrumentation.
Fluke 810 Vibration Tester₦2,800,000
Quickly identify mechanical problems with this vibration tester. This instrument combines a powerful diagnostic engine with a simple step-by-step process to report on specific machine issues and their state of the problem the first time measurements are taken, without any prior measurement history.
Fluke 87V Industrial True-RMS Multimeter₦145,000
The Fluke 87V offers accuracy and diagnostics for maximum industrial productivity in the tool box or on the bench.
The Fluke 87V multimeter has improved measurement functions, troubleshooting features, resolution and accuracy to solve more problems on motor drives, in plant automation, power distribution, and electromechanical equipment.
With its newly incorporated selectable low pass filter, the Fluke 87V allows troubleshooters to take accurate voltage, current and frequency measurements on the output side of the drive at either the drive itself or the motor terminals.
The Fluke 87V/E2 Industrial Electrician Combo Kit makes troubleshooting more productive with standard meter hanging accessory for handsfree operation, soft case for protection and storage, 1.5 m heat resistant silicone test leads and more.
REED R8080 Data Logging Sound Level Meter₦120,000
Quick responding triple range sound level meter with backlit display, analog bargraph and built-in memory to data log up to 64,000 points.
This data logging sound level meter has the ability to record samples on internal memory and keep track of registered readings with a time and date stamp. The R8080 features user selectable sampling rates and the option to track live measurements via the included PC interface software. | <urn:uuid:aa8423f2-de70-4cbf-88c1-b2750f986557> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mcdurchcontracting.com/product-category/safety-maintenance/electrical-safety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.835189 | 1,226 | 1.523438 | 2 |
The diagnosis of infectious endocarditis is quite often complex and may be among the most challenging diagnoses facing today’s medical providers. Patients can present with a multitude of clinical signs and symptoms and existing diagnostic testing and criteria are imperfect. Although early diagnosis and intervention are clearly associated with improved outcomes, in nearly 25% of endocarditis cases the diagnosis is made >1 month after onset of symptoms [ ]. Despite the widespread use of tools such as the Modified Duke Criteria, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and the newer modality of positron emission tomography (PET), endocarditis remains primarily a clinical diagnosis that is best made when considering a number of variables, including the patient’s risk factors, signs and symptoms, microbiologic data, echocardiographic and radiographic results, and clinical course.
Previously, endocarditis has been classified as having either an acute, fulminant presentation or subacute, indolent course. Currently, clinical presentation is not included as part of accepted diagnostic criteria and generally is not considered with respect to treatment determinations. However, the distinction between these two phenotypes is important for clinicians to consider when approaching a potential diagnosis of infectious endocarditis in that a patient may present as critically ill or may have a several month history of a broad range of signs and symptoms. Additionally, with the increasing number of patients with prosthetic valves, cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), and left-ventricular assist devices (LVADs), as well as the increased sensitivity of newer diagnostic modalities, such as cardiac PET, providers are often in the position of actively searching for endocarditis before it is clinically apparent. This represents a significant paradigm shift for endocarditis as historically physicians and, in part, the Duke Criteria themselves have relied on exam findings for making diagnoses.
In this chapter we will highlight the clinical features of infectious endocarditis, review existing diagnostic algorithms and testing modalities, and outline a general approach to the diagnosis of this endovascular infection. Perhaps the most important concept we will emphasize in this section is that no one sign, symptom, or test is perfectly sensitive or specific for endocarditis. With this understanding, we would encourage providers to reflect on the entire clinical picture as they approach each patient without overemphasizing specific findings. In this respect, clinicians may find that a multidisciplinary endocarditis team, which approaches this disease from the perspective of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, infectious diseases, and neurologic specialists, can help in making an accurate diagnosis.
General signs and symptoms
The initial symptoms of infectious endocarditis, regardless of their acuity, are often nonspecific and include fevers, chills, malaise, anorexia, night sweats, dyspnea, headache, and weight loss [ ]. Fever is the most commonly reported symptom and may be present in 90% of patients [ , ]. The degree of fever may vary significantly and cannot be used to rule in or rule out the diagnosis. Notably, patients >60 years of age are more likely to present without fever, which is relevant given that more than half of all endocarditis cases occur in patients over 60 [ ]. The duration of fever, particularly after initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, has been shown to correlate with increased mortality and in 1 series of 26 patients with >2 weeks of fever 27% were found to have an intracardiac abscess [ ]. Dyspnea and cough are frequently reported symptoms and may be associated with congestive heart failure and/or septic pulmonary emboli in cases of right-sided endocarditis.
Musculoskeletal symptoms, including arthralgias (17% of patients) and low back pain (up to one-third of patients), are closely associated with endocarditis and in many cases may precede other symptoms [ , ]. Synovitis both with and without septic arthritis has also been reported in up to 14% of patients [ ]. Additionally the overlapping incidence of spontaneous vertebral osteomyelitis and infectious endocarditis has been reported to be as high as 30.8% [ ]. Consequently, in the absence of an alternative explanation, it is prudent to consider a concomitant diagnosis of endocarditis in patients with vertebral osteomyelitis.
Cardiovascular signs and symptoms
The most common abnormality on physical examination is the presence of a cardiac murmur which can be heard in 85% of patients [ ]. However, this finding is more representative of the patient population who are most commonly diagnosed with endocarditis, many of whom have underlying valvulopathies. In only 8%–15% of cases is a new murmur identified or a worsening murmur detected [ ]. In addition, the proportion of patients with symptoms of heart failure can vary widely. In one series of 40 patients from 1986, 78% of patients were noted to have presented with symptoms of heart failure [ ]. However, in a more recent retrospective data review of 234,731 patients with a primary diagnosis of endocarditis, only 28.9% of patients were found to have a secondary diagnosis of heart failure [ ]. The difference may be accounted for by a variety of changing factors, including the standardization of heart failure definitions and the availability of large electronic databases that allow for data abstraction of a high volume of cases without chart review.
Neurologic signs and symptoms
In addition to cardiac manifestations, neurologic abnormalities secondary to embolic strokes can be found in 10%–35% of left-sided endocarditis patients [ , ]. Given that anywhere from 15% to 70% of all strokes are thought to be embolic and the high morbidity of undiagnosed endocarditis, current American Society of Echocardiography guidelines recommend transthoracic echocardiography or TEE in all patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke [ ]. An area for further study is whether routine blood cultures in the evaluation of stroke could lead to earlier diagnoses of endocarditis. Additionally, approximately 75% of patients will have clinically inapparent neurologic complications of endocarditis including silent emboli, microhemorrhage, mycotic aneurysms, or brain abscess seen on advanced imaging [ ]. Radiographic evaluation for these silent complications will be addressed later in the chapter.
Although not classically considered as a presentation manifestation of endocarditis, meningitis or a meningeal reaction (elevated cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count with negative cultures) can be seen in 1%–20% of patients [ , ]. It is more commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus blood stream infection [ , ]. In cases where patients present with clinical signs and symptoms of meningitis it is appropriate to pursue lumbar puncture as the presence of positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures will impact antibiotic selection. Conversely, only approximately 2% of all patients with bacterial meningitis are found to have concurrent endocarditis [ ]. Finally, many patients may present with encephalopathy which may be the result of any of the previously described neurologic phenomenon such as stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, mycotic aneurysm, and brain abscess or could be secondary to a multitude of other factors including illness severity and/or uremia [ ].
Ophthalmologic signs and symptoms
While patients with endocarditis rarely present with primary ocular symptoms, central retinal artery occlusion with associated vision loss is seen as a presenting finding, albeit in <1% of cases [ ]. Endogenous endophthalmitis, which also presents with decreased visual acuity, accounts for 2%–8% of all cases of endophthalmitis. However, nearly 40% of endogenous endophthalmitis cases are caused by infectious endocarditis, and in certain instances this intraocular diagnosis is the primary manifestation of the underlying cardiac infection [ ]. Approximately 3% of endocarditis patients may be subsequently found to have Roth spots, or small white spots, on the retina with associated retinal hemorrhage but these are typically asymptomatic and are only identifiable on dilated eye examination [ ].
Cutaneous signs and symptoms
Dermatologic manifestations of infectious endocarditis have decreased in frequency since the introduction of antibiotics. Classic findings including splinter hemorrhages, or petechial appearing lesions that run parallel to the finger nails, can be identified in as many as 19% of endocarditis cases but this finding is nonspecific as they are also seen in patients with frequent trauma to the hands, mitral stenosis, and renal failure on peritoneal dialysis [ ]. Janeway lesions, or painless macules, seen on the palmar and plantar surfaces are secondary to microembolic phenomenon and can be seen in 2.2% of endocarditis cases. Osler’s nodes, painful erythematous nodules typically on the palms, fingers, or toes, have been hypothesized to be secondary to either immunologic or embolic phenomenon and have fallen from an incidence of 40%–90% in the preantibiotic era to 6.7% in a 1995 retrospective study of 139 endocarditis cases [ , ]. Despite their decreasing prevalence, these dermatologic manifestations retain clinical importance as they are included in the Modified Duke Criteria [ ].
Blood cultures and microbiology
While there are no serum tests that are perfectly sensitive or specific for infectious endocarditis, the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis are peripheral blood cultures obtained prior to the initiation of antibiotics . Current American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines recommend collection of three sets of blood cultures when evaluating for endocarditis [ ]. The yield of blood cultures increases with the number of samples obtained with literature demonstrating that sensitivity increases from 73% with one culture to 98% with three [ ]. The proportion of endocarditis cases that are blood culture-negative varies widely depending on the study, with some sources estimating that as few as 2% of endocarditis patients have negative blood cultures and others reporting a value closer to 70% [ ]. The 2015 AHA guidelines suggest that approximately 20% of endocarditis cases are culture-negative [ ]. The most common cause for negative blood cultures is their collection after administration of antibiotics. In 2 series comprising a total 204 culture-negative endocarditis cases, 46% of patients received some form of antimicrobial therapy prior to blood culture collection [ , ]. In certain situations it will be clear to the providing physician that blood cultures are indicated. However, in many cases, patients, often with risk factors for endocarditis, will present with the vague nonspecific symptoms discussed previously. As a result, it can be tempting for providers to empirically treat with oral or intravenous antibiotics. We argue that in this patient population, clinicians should have an exceedingly low threshold to obtain blood cultures. While there is an ~1%–5% risk of a false-positive culture, this is outweighed by the significant increases in morbidity and mortality associated with delayed diagnosis of endocarditis [ , ]. This risk of culture contamination is further counterbalanced by the potential side effects and toxicities of broad-spectrum antibiotic administration required in culture-negative endocarditis cases rather than the targeted, narrower spectrum antimicrobial therapy utilized in patients with known pathogens.
With respect to the etiologic causes of endocarditis, gram-positive organisms predominate in several large series of cases, representing >80% of all identified endocarditis pathogens with S. aureus encountered the most frequently [ ]. The changing epidemiology of the disease, particularly with increases in injection drug use–associated cases and widespread utilization of routine antibiotic prophylaxis for at-risk patients, may account for the increasing proportion of endocarditis caused by S. aureus relative to Streptococcal species, which were previously encountered more frequently [ ]. Additionally, a time of <10 h to blood culture positivity has been shown to correlate with a subsequent diagnosis of endocarditis in patients with S. aureus bacteremia. Cultures that turn positive in <13.7 h have also been associated with higher mortality [ ].
In addition to S. aureus , viridans streptococci, other streptococci, such as group A and group B streptococci, nutritionally variant streptococci and Streptococcus gallolyticus , enterococci, and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the other commonly encountered gram-positive pathogens. In a 2011 study of 115 patients with gram-positive bacteremia routine echocardiography leads to a nearly threefold increase in the diagnosis of endocarditis compared to a historical control that underwent echocardiography at physician discretion [ ].
Gram-negative pathogens are a relatively infrequent cause of endocarditis but may account for 1.3%–10% of all cases [ , , , ]. Approximately half of these cases are caused by organisms from the HACEK group ( Haemophilus aphrophilus , Aggregatibacter species, Cardiobacterium hominis , Eikenella corrodens , and Kingella kingae ) with the other half caused by more commonly encountered gram-negative pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Serratia marcescens account for approximately two-thirds of non-HACEK gram-negative cases. Bacteremia with an HACEK organism is reported to have a 60% positive predictive value for a subsequent diagnosis of endocarditis and should prompt providers to evaluate for this possibility. Previously, injection drug use was considered a primary risk factor for non-HACEK gram-negative endocarditis but more recent literature suggests that this population comprises only 4% of such cases and more than half of patients have a health-care exposure as their primary risk factor [ ]. This includes patients with implantable cardiovascular devices such as prosthetic cardiac valves and CIEDs.
Fungal organisms are also a relatively uncommon cause of endocarditis that comprise 2%–4% of all cases with approximately half caused by Candida species [ , ]. The incidence is estimated to be rising due to increasing health-care exposures. Although not included as a “typical” cause of endocarditis, a 2016 series of 187 patients with candidemia found that 5.9% of patients who underwent echocardiography were found to have valvular vegetations [ ].
Additional laboratory evaluation
Complete blood count
As well as blood cultures, additional serum studies, while nonspecific, can be suggestive of a diagnosis of endocarditis. Anemia, typically normochromic and normocytic, may be seen in up to 80% of endocarditis patients [ ]. However, hemolytic anemia can also be seen in cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to mechanical destruction of red blood cells secondary to turbulent flow across a diseased valve. Leukocytosis, with a white blood cell count >10,000, is identified in over half of patients with leukopenia seen in 5%–15% of patients [ ]. Thrombocytopenia has also been reported in 5%–15% of patients [ ].
Serum chemistry and urinalysis
Acute kidney injury is another frequent complication of endocarditis that can be detected with routine serum chemistry testing. In one series of 185 patients with endocarditis, one-third developed acute renal failure defined as a serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dL [ ]. Another series of 112 patients reported a rate of acute kidney injury of 68.8% [ ]. Renal failure associated with endocarditis can be due to multiple factors including acute tubular necrosis, septic emboli, drug-induced nephrotoxicity with or without interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis, which can be seen in as many as 22% of patients with endocarditis [ ]. S. aureus endocarditis has been identified as a risk factor for both acute kidney injury and glomerulonephritis [ , ]. In patients with endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis, 97% present with hematuria and 6% will have nephrotic-range proteinuria [ ]. Hypocomplementemia is commonly identified in this population as 37% will present with low C3 and 16% with both low C3 and C4. Additionally, 28% of patients will have a positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody [ ]. If the urinalysis is suggestive of possible urinary tract infection, obtaining a urine culture may be helpful in identifying a source of the endocarditis. However, these must be interpreted with caution in patients without symptoms who cannot give a reliable history as positive urine cultures may be secondary to high-grade bacteremia rather than the cause of it or may simply be the result of asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Immunologic testing can also be abnormal in cases of infectious endocarditis but is not specific for the diagnosis. In a French series of 56 patients with definitive endocarditis, 56% had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 84% had elevated c-reactive proteins, and 36% had elevated rheumatoid factors [ ]. In another series of 85 definitive endocarditis patients, a c-reactive protein >40 mg/L was identified as a predictor of mortality as well as major adverse events including acute kidney injury, septic cerebral and noncerebral embolic events, and cardiac complications [ ].
Culture-negative endocarditis testing
As previously discussed, patients with negative blood cultures represent a significant proportion of infectious endocarditis cases. Blood cultures may be sterilized due to antibiotic administration prior to their collection. However, there are a number of microorganisms that cannot be grown on routine blood culture media that are known to cause infectious endocarditis. Bartonella species, including henselae and quintana , and Coxiella burnetii may cause ~0.8% of endocarditis but can only be reliably identified by serologic or PCR testing [ ]. Brucella , Legionella species, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are also organisms that cannot be reliably identified on standard blood cultures and require serologic or PCR testing from resected valve specimens. Additionally, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a rare case of infectious endocarditis that require special acid-fast blood culture media for growth. Although the overall incidence of NTM endocarditis is very low, since 2011 there has been an international epidemic of Mycobacterium chimaera prosthetic valve endocarditis associated with the use of contaminated heater-cooler devices during open cardiac surgery [ ]. Providers should suspect this possible diagnosis in patients with culture-negative endocarditis and a history of previous cardiac surgery after 2011. Finally, individuals may also develop nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, a phenomenon characterized by the presence of vegetations on cardiac valves comprised of fibrin and platelet aggregates and devoid of inflammation or bacteria. This diagnosis is most frequently encountered in patients with rheumatologic conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus or ANCA vasculitis as well as with metastatic malignancies.
Although there are a number of infectious causes of culture-negative endocarditis, it can be difficult for providers to develop a systematic approach to the evaluation of this patient population. A tertiary care center in Marseille created a standardized algorithm for evaluating culture-negative endocarditis that was published in 2017 [ ]. Utilizing serologic testing for Coxiella , Bartonella species, Brucella , Legionella , and Mycoplasma as well as serum broad-range and specific PCR testing and valve broad-range 16 S ribosomal RNA PCR testing, the authors were able to identify an infectious etiology in 138/177 (78%) of patients with definite culture-negative endocarditis.
As part of the routine evaluation of patients with suspected endocarditis, it is reasonable to pursue serum testing including complete blood counts, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein, and complement levels as well as urinalysis. In patients with culture-negative endocarditis serum testing for Bartonella, Brucella, Coxiella, Legionella , and Mycoplasma may help yield a diagnosis. In patients with prosthetic valve culture-negative endocarditis with a history of open cardiac surgery after 2011, acid-fast blood cultures are indicated to rule out M. chimaera infection. In surgically managed culture-negative definite endocarditis cases, a broad range of 16 S ribosomal RNA PCR testing performed on resected valve tissue has a sensitivity of approximately 80% with a false-positive rate of 3% [ ]. The role of 16 S ribosomal RNA PCR testing from serum specimens in the diagnosis of endocarditis is currently unclear.
Echocardiography, both transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal, plays a critical role in the diagnosis of endocarditis. It represents the best imaging modality for identifying the valvular vegetations which are the hallmark of the disease. Additional echocardiographic findings that are consistent with endocarditis include paravalvular abscess, prosthetic valve dehiscence, or new valvular regurgitation [ ]. While TEE is considered the “gold-standard” and a highly valuable diagnostic imaging test, it remains imperfect [ ]. TEE is limited by its relative insensitivity of diagnosis in prosthetic valve disease and by its invasive nature and need for patient sedation, which can lead to delay in obtaining the study and may prevent some patients from undergoing the test entirely.
Surface echocardiography is recommended as the first imaging study for the evaluation of possible endocarditis by both the AHA and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) endocarditis guidelines [ , ]. The ESC reports a sensitivity of TTE for the diagnosis of native and prosthetic valve endocarditis as 70% and 50%, respectively. This figure is based primarily on the results of a single 1989 study that enrolled 80 patients with 91 diseased valves [ ]. In this particular cohort, vegetations were identified on 47/69 valves with a reported sensitivity of 68.1%. Notably, TTE only detected vegetations in 6/22 affected prosthetic valves (27.3%). There are a number of other studies from the same time period that report much lower sensitivity for TTE ranging from 28% to 63% [ ]. A more recent 2017 retrospective evaluation of 29 patients with definite S. aureus endocarditis who underwent both TTE and TEE reported the sensitivity of TTE at only 21% [ ]. Due to the posterior location of many paravalvular abscesses, the sensitivity of TTE for this diagnosis is very low, ranging from 4% to 28% [ , ]. As a result, all patients with TTE findings consistent with left-sided endocarditis should undergo TEE to evaluate for annular complications of endocarditis such as abscess, pseudoaneurysm, or fistula formation. The same is true for patients with prosthetic valves and negative TTE for which there is a clinical suspicion of endocarditis. Reports of the high-specificity of TTE are somewhat misleading as echocardiographic evidence of a valvular vegetation is a major component of the diagnostic criteria for endocarditis (discussed later in this chapter) [ ]. The evaluation of specificity is therefore only relevant when the results of TTE are compared to pathologic findings from either surgically resected valves or autopsy. The primary advantages of TTE are that it is widely available, can be obtained quickly, and is noninvasive. Additionally, in patients with right-sided endocarditis TTE has been shown to have similar sensitivity to TEE [ ]. However, if clinicians have a high suspicion for infectious endocarditis it may be prudent to pursue TEE immediately rather than awaiting results of a TTE [ ].
As previously mentioned, TEE is considered the best imaging modality for the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis. However, given the need for patients to be fasting and able to receive sedation, there is significant potential for delays when attempting to obtain TEE images. Depending on the institution, TEE may also not be available on weekends. These potential delays and institutional variations in practice have not been well studied.
At present, the ESC reports a sensitivity for the diagnosis of native and prosthetic valve endocarditis as 96% and 92%, respectively [ ]. When these data are analyzed in more detail there is evidence to suggest that the sensitivity of TEE may be overestimated. The reported high sensitivity is based on four studies conducted between 1989 and 1994 [ ]. All of the studies were conducted prior to the introduction of the Modified Duke diagnostic criteria. In three of the studies, Shapiro et al. Erdel et al., and Shively et al., a very small number of patients underwent surgery or autopsy. As a result, the reported sensitivity in these studies is based on the total number of vegetations detected by echocardiography rather than by pathologic examination, essentially guaranteeing a high-sensitivity rate. The reported TEE sensitivity of 94% by Shively et al. was also based on a cohort of only 16 patients. Mugge et al. was the only study of the four in which all patients underwent surgery or autopsy. In that paper, the reported sensitivity of TEE for native and prosthetic valve endocarditis was 94% and 77%, respectively. Notably, there were only 22 cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Subsequent literature has suggested that anywhere from 13% to 44% of all endocarditis cases may present with a negative echocardiogram [ , , ]. Additionally, TEE may be falsely negative early in the course of disease. If clinical suspicion remains high for infectious endocarditis, both consensus guidelines recommend repeating a TEE after 5–7 days [ , ]. While there is literature reporting a very high sensitivity of TEE, clinicians should be aware of the shortcomings of the existing data and not overemphasize TEE findings. This is especially true in light of the recent introduction of cardiac PET as an adjunctive diagnostic imaging modality, particularly in cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Cardiac 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with computerized tomography (18-FDG PET/CT) is a relatively newer nuclear imaging tool that can assist in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis. 18-FDG PET/CT uses the dual imaging modalities of PET, which can detect areas of inflammation by identifying inflammatory leukocytes that express a large number of glucose transporters and are very metabolically active, and cardiac CT, which can detect structural abnormalities associated with endocarditis. Several studies have demonstrated that 18-FDG PET/CT can increase the sensitivity of the Duke Criteria for prosthetic valve endocarditis to approximately 90% [ , ]. Retrospective studies have also suggested that in patients with a clinical history suggestive of endocarditis, 18-FDG PET/CT correlates very closely with intraoperative findings of infection [ ].
The utility of 18-FDG PET/CT is considerably lower in patients with native valve endocarditis with a 2020 study of 115 patients reporting a sensitivity of only 22%. When combining PET-CT results with the Duke Criteria for native valves, the reported sensitivity was only 65% [ ]. The authors of this study hypothesized that the increased sensitivity was due to the higher number of polymorphonuclear cells seen on pathologic examination of surgically removed prosthetic valves, whereas fibrotic tissue predominated in native valve specimens. Another drawback of cardiac PET-CT is that it may identify physiologic low-intermediate FDG uptake in prosthetic valves that were surgically placed within 12 months from the time of the imaging study [ ]. However, there is also literature demonstrating that increased FDG uptake postoperatively is more closely related to the use of surgical adhesives rather than the prosthetic valve itself and that there is a characteristic pattern found with noninfectious postoperative uptake [ , ]. When interpreted by experienced providers, 18-FDG PET/CT performed in patients with recently placed prosthetic valves may still have utility in the diagnosis of endocarditis. Currently the ESC includes cardiac 18-FDG PET/CT in its prosthetic valve endocarditis diagnostic criteria, provided that it is obtained 3 or more months after surgical valve replacement [ ].
Despite its benefits, cardiac 18-FDG PET/CT is not widely available at North American institutions. This is in part due to the expensive equipment required to perform the procedure and also due to the small number of providers who can expertly interpret the results. Additionally, the ideal PET study is performed after the patient has undertaken a carbohydrate restricted diet for 24–36 h with a period of fasting prior to the study [ , ]. This required preparation may result in delays in care which can potentially lead to adverse clinical outcomes. While 18-FDG PET/CT may be helpful in the diagnosis of endocarditis, its utility is primarily seen in a select subset of patients and it requires significant expertise to accurately interpret the results. With further study and more widespread utilization it has the potential to benefit a significant number of patients.
Although not traditionally considered as part of the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis, multisliced ECG-gated cardiac CT has been shown to perform similarly to TEE with respect to identifying valvular vegetations [ , ]. In certain circumstances it may be superior to TEE for detection of paravalvular abscesses and pseudoaneurysms [ , ]. However, the primary role of CT is with respect to identification of embolic complications of infectious endocarditis. CT can identify embolic events to the central nervous system (CNS), lungs, kidney, and spleen. CT-angiography (CT-A) can also identify peripheral vessel occlusions and mesenteric ischemia which may be caused by septic emboli. When patients have clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of embolic phenomenon, there is little disagreement about the role of targeted CT for evaluating these complications. There is debate about the role of empiric CT studies of the head, chest, abdomen, and/or pelvis to evaluate for emboli in asymptomatic individuals. In a 2015 Egyptian study of 81 patients with definite left-sided endocarditis who underwent routine CT-A, 63% were found to have evidence of CNS embolization [ ]. One-third of these patients were clinically asymptomatic. The investigators reported that the CT-A findings led to a change in the management plan for 25.6% of all enrolled patients. However, it is unclear what percentage of clinically asymptomatic patients had their therapies altered as a result of the CT-A images and the incidence of acute kidney injury was not reported. Theoretically, CT/CT-A could help upstage a subset of patients with Duke Criteria possible endocarditis to definite endocarditis if embolic phenomenon were identified. Perhaps the most important role of CT imaging is the detection of intracranial hemorrhage and/or mycotic aneurysms, the presence of which could substantially alter surgical management. Notably, intracranial hemorrhage can be detected on CT without iodinated contrast, thereby avoiding the risk of contrast induced nephropathy. Currently, there is limited data on the role of empiric CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and/or pelvis. Routine utilization of these studies must be weighed against the risk of kidney injury and radiation exposure.
Magnetic resonance imaging
Compared to CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive for the detection of cerebrovascular complications of endocarditis [ ]. Nearly two-thirds of patients undergoing routine cerebral MRI are found to have embolic lesions [ ]. Approximately 30% of those patients are clinically asymptomatic. Similar to CT, the presence of embolic complications on cerebral MRI can upstage the diagnosis of endocarditis. In one series of 53 patients with nondefinite endocarditis systematic brain MRI led to an upgraded endocarditis diagnosis in 32% of cases. These MRI findings also led to changes in the therapeutic plan for 18% of patients [ ]. Risk factors for CNS embolization include vegetation size greater than 10 mm, S. aureus bacteremia, advanced age, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation [ ].
Abdominal MRI has also been shown to detect silent systemic emboli in approximately 34% of patients, a considerably lower rate than brain MRI [ ]. A 2012 French study evaluating the role of routine cerebral and abdominal MRI in 58 suspected endocarditis cases found that abdominal imaging by itself only led to an upgraded diagnosis in one patient. In no patients was the therapeutic plan modified based solely on the results of the abdominal imaging. While the data are limited, there is evidence to suggest that systematic cerebral MRI in patients with suspected endocarditis may aid clinicians in confirming the diagnosis and lead to alterations in care plans. However, these benefits do not appear to extend to routine abdominal imaging. Currently the AHA and ESC guidelines recommend that all patients with suspected endocarditis and headache, neurologic deficits, or meningeal symptoms undergo cerebrovascular imaging [ , ].
In patients with suspected or confirmed endocarditis the evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT or MRI raises concern for the presence of a mycotic aneurysm. Conventional angiography is generally considered the “gold-standard” for the diagnosis of mycotic aneurysms but carries with it the risk of stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, arterial dissection, and puncture-site hematoma [ ]. Both CT-A and MR-angiography (MR-A) can be utilized to evaluate for mycotic aneurysm without the risk of these complications. A 2018 meta-analysis of 10 studies incorporating 868 patients found that CT-A had higher diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy compared to MR-A [ ]. CT-A may also be more readily available than MR-A depending on this institution. However, MR-A utilizes less contrast and carries lower risk of nephrotoxicity.
Although not particularly sensitive, electrocardiography (ECG) can provide significant information in patients with suspected endocarditis. Coronary embolization resulting in myocardial infarction occurs in 2.9%–10.6% of all endocarditis cases and can be detected by ST segment changes [ ]. The presence of pericarditis can also be detected by the presence of ST segment elevations. Endocardial abscess may be present in up to 30% of endocarditis cases and is most commonly associated with the aortic valve [ ]. These abscesses can extend into the cardiac conduction system and lead to atrioventricular block in approximately 25% of patients. ECG has a reported positive predictive value of 88% for abscess in patients with suspected endocarditis but has a relatively low sensitivity of 45% [ ].
Modified Duke Criteria
The first commonly utilized set of standards for the diagnosis of endocarditis were the Von Reyn Criteria, first published in 1981. These criteria relied primarily on microbiologic and exam findings and were introduced before the widespread adoption of echocardiography. As a result, the Duke criteria were developed in 1994 and updated in 2000 [ , ]. Although they were developed primarily to provide better entry criteria for epidemiologic studies and clinical trials, these Modified Duke Criteria have been used as the main diagnostic criteria for endocarditis since their publication ( Table 2.1 ). The algorithm uses a combination of major microbiologic and echocardiographic findings as well as minor clinical and microbiological criteria to stratify patients as having definite, possible, or rejected endocarditis. Major criterion includes (1) persistently positive or multiple positive blood cultures for an organism typical for endocarditis or (2) evidence of endocardial involvement defined by echocardiographic findings or new valvular regurgitation. Minor criterion includes (1) fever, (2) risk factors for endocarditis, (3) immunologic complications, (4) vascular complications, and (5) positive blood cultures that do not fulfill the major criteria. Cases with two major, one major, and three to four minor or five minor criteria are considered to have definite endocarditis. Those with one major and one to two minor or three to four minor criteria are classified as possible endocarditis. All other cases are considered to have rejected the diagnosis of endocarditis. | <urn:uuid:a56293ba-c906-4053-8f51-98d7d9ed28f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thoracickey.com/general-approach-to-the-clinical-diagnosis-of-endocarditis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.932835 | 7,696 | 2.296875 | 2 |
How much does it cost to Soda Blast?
How much does it cost? According to Armstrong, the price varies depending on the length of the vessel. For example, a 30-foot boat might be around $45 per foot, while a 100-foot boat would be around $130 per foot because of the increased beam. “Our average job works out around $35 to $45 per foot,” he says.
Is Soda Blasting better than sandblasting?
Soda blasting is often better for cleaning surfaces, especially when it comes to wood and easily damaged materials. While sandblasting should be used for especially difficult rust or paint removal, soda blasting can be perfect for this process in situations where a lighter blasting is needed.
Will soda blasting remove paint?
Baking Soda Blasting easily removes paint , coatings, grease, oils, gasket material and surface corrosion from a variety of metals, alloys, plastics, wood, masonary and composites without surface damage or distortion. Unlike other media, Bakig Soda does not use friction to remove coatings so there is no heat created.
What do you use for soda blasting?
The abrasive media used for soda blasting is not the baking soda that you buy in the grocery store. Companies such as Armex and Natrium manufacture varieties of sodium bicarbonate specifically for soda blasting . Most formulations of blasting soda have uniform particle sizes between 70 and 270 microns.
Can you rent a soda blaster?
Soda Blaster Rental is best for providing an effective, economical and environmentally superior method for general maintenance and cleaning, paint removal and de-greasing.
Does soda blasting remove mold?
Baking Soda Blasting actually kills mold spores and removes mold growth from virtually any substrate. As in smoke removal , the soda absorbs the odor during the process. Sodablasting for mold removal does not damage the surfaces, walls, wood etc.
Can you soda blast with a regular sandblaster?
While it is possible it is not an ideal situation for two primary reasons. However, while these enhanced features of a soda blast pot are nice, a regular sandblaster can be used for soda blasting . Because sodium bicarbonate shatters on impact, it is much gentler than sandblasting or media blasting .
Can you use regular baking soda in a soda blaster?
Can I use regular baking soda like I see in the grocery store? No. While all baking soda is chemically the same (NAHCO3) only ARMEX is formulated for use as a blast media and only ARMEX is manufactured by ARM & HAMMER™.
What grit is soda blasting?
Soda Blasting involves one of the softer abrasive blasting materials, rating an average 2.4 on the Mohs Scale of mineral hardness (1-10).
Is soda blasting messy?
Yes, soda is very messy . It’s easy enough to cleanup most of the time. Some sweeping and vacing and that gets most of it. Save it and you can make a smokey cake for the new tenant.
Will Walnut blasting remove rust?
Walnut shell blasting is a process which is frequently used to remove rust . It is effective because crushed walnut shells are definitely hard enough to dislodge the rust , but are also soft enough that they will not damage the surface being blasted .
Can you soda blast Chrome?
Soda blasters can be used to remove paint, grease, indelible stains, and caked-on dirt from virtually any surface, including steel, aluminum, wood, sheet metal, brick, concrete, granite, chrome , glass, and even fiberglass.
Will soda blasting etch glass?
It will pit and warp metal, tear up rubber & plastic and etch glass . Soda blasting has none of that. No metal warping, no flash rust, no more masking of glass , chrome and rubber!
What size compressor do I need for soda blasting?
25 to 100 psi
Is soda blasting dangerous?
Sodium bicarbonate (“baking soda “) has a long and established history of safe use among humans and animals. Unlike chemical cleaning solvents, soda blasting does not involve toxic fumes or the danger of skin burns. | <urn:uuid:69ba5ad2-77e4-4dd4-b2d4-fc2d812459f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sodastream-kaufen24.com/interesting/soda-blasting-near-me.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.899001 | 879 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Embracing Individual Learners
Marigold Learning Academy ABA Therapy Center is a family based program that works hand and hand with parents to foster the optimum in social, emotional and cognitive development for young children. Our priority is helping children with Autism by providing a loving, nurturing, and stimulating, learning environment for children with learning differences which prevent them from being successful in regular programs.
We accommodate the uniqueness of each child by using developmentally appropriate curriculum, ABA Therapy and learning materials that will meet their, emotional and social goals.
Research has shown that early intensive behavioral intervention with the use of ABA is the key to engaging autistic children with the world and with other people to fully develop their capabilities. We understand the importance of children getting this treatment at the earliest age possible.
Why Choose Marigold?
Excellent Staff Ratio, Activities of Daily Living/Self-help Skills, ,ABA Therapy, Art Therapy, Music Therapy, Fine/Gross Motor Skills, Visual Schedules, Multiple Step Activities, PECS to Increase Communication, Receptive & Expressive Skills, Computer Skills, Choice Making, Stimulating Atmosphere, Sensory Room to promote Leisure Skills and an Indoor Motor Lab.
- Center-Based ABA THERAPY
- 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 Ratio
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- ABA Curriculum-based program for children ages 18 months to 8 years of age
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- After school Social Skills Program from 3:30 to 5:30pm (up to age 10)
- After school therapy
- 18 months to 8 years of age
- Sensory Programs/Indoor Motor Lab
- Half day and full day programs
- Summer camp
Founder/Director Karri L. Wilson, received her B.S. in Early Education/Special Education from Texas Women’s University, M.S. in Principalship from Texas A & M-Commerce, and BCBA from Texas Tech. Marigold Learning Academy ABA Therapy Center grew out of her desire to create an intimate setting for children with Autism and related disabilities.
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KAM/TCG/103 accepts time from three sources: a digital IRIG-B stream (RS-422 or TTL), its own onboard GPS receiver, or from ARINC-429 time labels.
- Synchronizes to digital IRIG-B or GPS
- Loads time from specific ARINC-429 labels
- 1 μs time resolution
- Less than three parts per million drift when acting as a generator
- Time is maintained from an external battery during power-off
- GPS navigation information is available
- Secondary time source input
- System synchronization
- Parameter time tagging
- Global positioning
KAM/TCG/103 Combined GPS, IRIG and ARINC-429 Input Module
The KAM/TCG/103 accepts time from three sources: a digital IRIG-B stream (RS-422 or TTL), its own onboard GPS receiver, or from ARINC-429 time labels (octal labels 260 and 150). It can be synchronized to the digital IRIG-B stream or GPS receiver. However, it does not synchronize its clock with ARINC-429 as there is too much clock jitter. The received time is written to an internal timer and to a real-time clock that maintains time during power-off (when an external battery is connected). The time can be used for the synchronization of a distributed Acra KAM-500 data acquisition system. The module generates digital IRIG-B outputs to allow external devices to synchronize with the Acra KAM-500 system.
The module contains an IRIG-B, GPS NMEA and ARINC-429 decoder that decodes incoming signals. The GPS decoder also makes navigation data such as position, altitude, velocity, and heading available as individual parameters.
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I spent a great deal of time and effort staying off the political spectrum. I strongly suspect that the political divide of left and right, or red and blue is a product of the governing class. Government reform would require a united voter base. So they divide and conquer.
Something I’ve observed is that those on the far ends of the political spectrum tend to have a great deal in common. They’re loud. They’re aggressive. They assume the moral high ground. They have questionable beliefs. And they aren’t very reasonable when those beliefs are challenged. I’m not the first to have noticed this either. I think it’s referred to as the horseshoe diagram, and it suggests that the silent majority tend to agree on most reasonable issues.
On this political spectrum, it’s been well documented when the right can go too far. Nazis. When a right-wing ideology starts talking about racial supremacy, that’s a red flag. When they start targeting those of a particular race or religion, blaming them for the country’s problems, that’s a red flag. When they start to deny science to advance their own political agenda, that’s a red flag. An entire generation of Germans learned that in the most painful of ways. So… if that’s where the right can go too far, do we not have similar standards for the left? Equality is not equality unless we are all held to account.
Jordan Peterson has made this question a cornerstone of his debates. He’s often confronted by media personalities who assume that he represents the ‘alt-right’. In most cases, he addresses that claim and acknowledges that while conservatism and tradition can have value, there is absolutely a point at which it goes too far. He often suggests Nazis are a clear example of when the right can go too far. He’ll then ask the interviewer if they could give an example of where the left has gone too far. In most cases, they can’t answer the question. I’ve tried it myself and had a similar experience. On the extreme ends of the political spectrum, it would seem as though you can do no wrong. As long as you’re fighting for a righteous cause, your actions are justified. But when both sides take this approach, and both sides believe in their righteousness, there is no middle ground.
I have no issues holding someone to account for a flawed ideology, regardless of it’s right, left, up, down or sideways. Today, I saw a tweet that was posted to social media that has motivated me to say something. This was a tweet by @legal_feminista. It said:
Let’s enter 2019 with the right energy:
Trans women are women. Sex work is work. Black lives matter. Rape culture is real. Yes all men. Fuck white supremacy. Abolish borders. Free Palestine. Protect indigenous rights. Support mental health. Believe women.
Normally, I wouldn’t pay much attention to something like this as I’ve seen or heard most of it before. But this tweet received about 60,000 likes and 17,000 retweets in about 48 hours. This perspective isn’t an outlier, it’s mainstream. So… let’s dig in and see what we find.
Trans women are women. That depends on how you define women. If gender is a social construct and not determined by biology, then sure, trans women are women. But what about biology? If gender is a social construct, surely, sex must be biological. Otherwise, we’re ignoring the significance of things like the female and male reproductive systems, or the Y chromosome. And what happens when trans women start using the natural advantages afforded to a biological male to put women at a disadvantage? There are now various stories about trans women dominating against female athletes. I’m not sure these competitors would agree that all trans women are women. At some point, I think we’ll have to acknowledge that there is a very real biological component to being a male or a female. But in addition to that, we have masculinity and femininity. Part biology, part psychology, part sociology.. this is what gives us masculine women and feminine men, and really masculine men and really feminine women. Traditionally, we thought that we should all be masculine men or feminine women and it forced many of us to pretend to be people we weren’t. Now we’re a little more open minded. Sex comes primarily in 2 flavors.. with a swirl here and there. But who we become as individuals, well that’s a flavor that’s unique to each individual. It includes how masculine or feminine you are, who you’re attracted to, how you choose to dress.. and as long as it’s consensual, it’s all good. I genuinely think that if we had a little more love for all the unusual ways we turn out, people would be more secure and confident in who they are and less consumed with trying to become someone else.
Sex work is work. Damn right. Got your back on this one sister. Making prostitution illegal is about as sensible as making alcohol and cannabis illegal. By pushing it into the shadows, you put good people at risk. By bringing it into the light, we give ourselves a chance of doing it right.
Black lives matter. Yes, because all lives matter. My issue with the black lives matters movement was that they weren’t on board with all lives matter. I agree that racism against black people exists. I agree that it shows up in matters of police brutality. But I disagree that police brutality is a race issue. Black lives matter had an opportunity to open their doors and champion an All Lives Matters movement that would’ve forced police everywhere to reevaluate how they interact with the public. It could’ve been the solution to police brutality for people of every color. It could’ve been an opportunity for the black community to be leaders for all of America. Instead, ‘all lives matters’ was understood to be an attempt at dismissing their cause or taking the spotlight off the black community. What a missed opportunity. And meanwhile, you have prominent leaders within the BLM community speaking about black racial supremacy to crowds of cheering fans.
Rape culture is real. Maybe. It depends on how you define it. Growing up, my understanding of rape was someone being held down against their will, being fully aware of the experience as it’s happening, kicking and screaming for help, and dealing with the emotional trauma afterwards. It was easy to understand that as one of the most terrible crimes a person could commit. I’m now told that if two people get drunk and have sex, they’ve effectively raped each other because you can’t consent if you’re drunk. I was also told that if a woman gives consent, but changes her mind during sex without telling her partner, if the partner continues, he’s a rapist. I think we’re losing sight of the difference between a violent rape and a regrettable sexual encounter. By no means am I condoning any behavior that remotely resembles rape, but I do think that it’s important to recognize degrees of severity. I think it would be more accurate to say that we have a culture of sexual harassment. But if you stop here without asking why, you’re missing half the equation. I don’t think men want the responsibility of pursuing women for sex. Most are terrible at knowing whether or not a woman is interested in them. Most are clueless at figuring out how to flirt. And most take rejection pretty hard. And to make it worse, in the same way that men have been socialized to pursue sex, women have been socialized to withhold it. If we’re going to find our way out of this mess, I think it starts with honesty and respect. Personally, I vote for women to take over the role of asking guys out for a bit.
Yes all men. No. This is literally sexism 101. It’s like saying that all women are neurotic. Or all black people are prone to crime. Or all Muslims are terrorists. Just because you’ve had bad experiences with some men doesn’t justify you treating all men with the same contempt.
Fuck white supremacy. Fuck all racial supremacy.
Abolish borders. Sure. but how? Who would you pay your taxes to? What area would your democratically elected official preside over? What would be the jurisdiction for the laws you voted for? Or was this just about firing back at Trump for garbage immigration policies?
Free Palestine. We should all look for opportunities to put the guns down and hash things out like like reasonable adults. Unfortunately, religion prevents that.
Protect indigenous rights. Or maybe recognize that indigenous rights, voluntary segregation, and systematic exploitation have destroyed America’s indigenous cultures. I think it’s time to try integration. There’s a great deal we can learn from Native American culture, including finding a more balanced relationship with nature. I think it’s about time we took a real look at their history, and show respect where respect is due. And once we’ve rewritten history to accurately reflect the role of Native American’s in the development of modern western culture, we can begin to heal. And part of that will be learning to heal as one family. If done right, indigenous rights should be no different than any other human rights.
Support mental health. Absolutely. Mental health isn’t as obvious as physical health… but can be that much more impactful. We’re waking up to this reality now.. and there’s a lot of work to be done.
Believe women. No. It would be just as foolish to say, ‘Believe men’. It’s interesting because the last time I saw this, it was ‘believe the victim’. But what happens when the victim is a man? Is it still so believable? The problem isn’t in who we believe, but rather the fact that we should to believe anyone in the first place. Believing someone is assuming they’re telling the truth without knowing if they are. Once you have evidence, you can understand whether or not someone is telling the truth. Without that evidence, you’re left with assumptions. While some women might think so what, it’ll do more good than harm, consider this: What would stop someone from paying a woman to make false claims against a man? Do you believe the woman? Or do you presume innocent until proven guilty? On multiple occasions, people have paid women to make false claims against men. If we believe all women, this will keep happening. No victim is worth abandoning the right to innocence until proven guilty. We should trust those who tell the truth. We should support those who have experienced hardship. We should hold accountable, those who caused harm to others. Regardless of what’s between your legs. | <urn:uuid:40e57bd8-5b2a-4b63-9dc2-00211517494a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mymentalmodel.com/category/gender-dynamics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959964 | 2,309 | 1.765625 | 2 |
As our three-year-old was cleaning up her toys after dinner, she looked over her shoulder and asked, “I’m nice, am I?”
Her question stopped me in my tracks because she made an identity statement, “I’m nice,” and she was looking for affirmation that who she said she was, was true. She wanted to be nice. She thought cleaning up her toys was nice and at the same time, she needed the outside affirmation from her parent to know that who she said she was, was real.
I think her statement/question reveals something we all wonder about. Is the person who we think we are how the world sees us? Is the person we are trying to be really communicating with the people around us? Maybe, even more deeply her statement/question is really asking, “Is this a safe place to be myself?”
As a parent, I hesitate to make identity statements about my children. I don’t want to tell them who they are, I want to be ready when they reveal part of who they are becoming with affirmation and encouragement.
When they ask, “I’m nice, am I?” I respond, “Yes, you are nice and you are good and you are beloved.” And as I tell affirm that in her, I feel the echoes deep within my own soul. | <urn:uuid:1fb05202-c596-4e7f-9ca6-a575fea0f8db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://merianna.net/2022/07/im-nice-am-i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.989815 | 292 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Call our emergency services in La Vergne TN after storm damage or old and diseased trees have fallen in your property.
We have all the equipment needed to remove fallen trees and branches no matter where they are on your property. Trimming or Pruning. Trees sometimes grow too fast and invade spaces that they are not supposed to.
If you happen to live in La Vergne, TN then you should know that growing trees on your property can be very risky. If you do not make an effort to maintain your La Vergne, Tennessee trees, then Quick Tree Service will be the 1st to tell you how much danger you are placing yourself in due to wild and uncontrolled development. If you cannot plant an older spruce in early spring consider planting it in the late summer or early fall.
The soil temperature should hover at 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit when planting, according to the University of Nebraska's website. Older spruces. You may not know this yet, but there's a huge need for professional tree cutting in La Vergne, TN services.
A lot of homeowners maintain trees around their home. While they're beautiful to look at and they're very useful when it comes to providing shade, these trees can present dangers. Professional Tree Trimming,Pruning & Dead branch removal Services La Vergne, TNHere in La Vergne, tree pruning is often thought of as a task for late fall or winter when our local trees are generally dormant.
However, due to our mild winters and year-round issues with high winds, storms, and pests, tree maintenance is. La Vergne Named a “Best Place to Live” by bushremove.buzz The City of La Vergne has been named one of the top places to live in the country thanks to a study recently conducted by bushremove.buzz The survey, which was released on Sept.
17, ranked La. Local Trees in La Vergne, TN. Compare expert Trees, read reviews, and find contact information - THE REAL YELLOW PAGES. There are some plants that can’t handle winter weather well, and they can be cut back. This applies to some late-blooming too. Here is a fabulous list of what plants you can prune in the fall. Stick to raking and mulching this fall. Don’t worry, there are still things you can do this fall.
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Dogs love liver! Baked chopped liver mixed with flour and cornmeal would be delectable treats that would entice the pooch to respond well to training. A dog would devour every last piece of liver steak on its feeding bowl. In the wild, dogs purposely look for the liver and other organs when eating the body of the prey. It must be noted that the liver is the organ in the body that manages toxic substances so that when it gets overloaded and when the body weakens, the liver is one of the very first organs that breaks down. The liver of an unhealthy animal becomes the repository of the impurities of the body. Interestingly, some dogs would not touch raw or cooked liver. These dogs probably know that they stand to get parasites from unhealthy dogs. These dogs are probably aware that eating large portions of liver would do them no good.
A responsible owner would always ensure that the pet is given every chance to have good health. Dogs have many similarities with humans but a dogs systems and its digestive capabilities are far different from ours. Dogs have a different metabolism. What is edible and safe for humans can pose dangers to the health of the dog. Thus it would not always be wise to give the pet human food. One of these human foods is liver. Can a dog eat liver? Certainly! Liver, raw or cooked, is rich in vitamins and minerals. However, feeding our canine friends with liver must be done in moderation. Liver contains large levels of vitamin A. Dogs should never be feed large amounts of liver as it can poison the pet and result to vitamin A toxicity.
For humans, liver is considered to be a super food as it is known to boost energy, brain power and muscle growth. Liver is one of the food sources that help in maintaining humans general health. This nutrient packed food is a good source of vitamins A and B, DHA and arachidonic acid. Vitamin A has always been widely acknowledged to promote healthy vision. Vitamin A also promotes fertility in males and females. Dogs receive similar benefits from vitamin A. This vitamin is of prime importance to the growth of puppies as deficiency of vitamin A would retard the growth, result to poor vision, weak muscles and poor quality of skin and coat. Mature dogs deficient in vitamin A may fail to reproduce. Females may not ovulate properly and males may become sterile.
Liver is a good source of vitamin A. However, feeding the dog large amounts of liver can result to toxicity given that vitamin A is one of the 2 vitamins that when over supplemented can give negative results. Three or more servings of liver a week will result to vitamin A toxicity that would cause deformed or excessive bone growth especially on the elbows and the spine. Other symptoms of toxicity are weight loss and anemia resulting from the dogs refusal to eat, constipation or diarrhea. Because of the deformed bones, dogs with vitamin A toxicity would limp.
Good health is the greatest gift a dog owner can give to the pet. However, well meaning owners may inadvertently cause the dog harm. An owner must always know what is being fed to the dog. Labels of canned food must be carefully examined to ensure that it does not contain liver if the dog is already given home cooked liver.
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Confucianism has influenced gender roles greater than every other think about Korean society. This garment was related to household and community satisfaction. It will have been owned by an aristocratic lady, but she additionally would have handed it down to members of the family and, eventually, other group members. These robes are like heirlooms in a sense, with brides wanting to put on the identical hwalot their mom or grandmother did. After the robes began looking shabby, they had been passed down to a less wealthy household.
Korean wife finder is very glad because he is ready to meet not only a wonderful but in addition a wise bride. All brides from Korea have higher training and are very good. Along with finding out at universities, after graduation, Korean girls find korean women proceed to study all through their lives. Because of this, they’re very interesting interlocutors and you’ll by no means be bored along with your Korean spouse. All Asian women are very smart and they can simply prove it. For one factor, girls are excellent at English and this permits them to communicate with everybody.
That is especially true throughout troublesome economic times, such because the South Korean foreign change crisis and Worldwide Monetary Fund (IMF) bailout of the Nineteen Nineties, when many roles had been lost as a consequence of bankruptcies and lay-offs. A number korean wives of years after the IMF bailout in 1997, divorce rates hit file numbers. Supreme Courtroom data showed that whereas divorce charges began to hit the two per 1,000 individuals mark in 1980, it hit an all-time high of three.54 in 2003. In 2018, the newest divorce figures available, there were 2.1 divorces for each 1,000 individuals.
Chosŏnjok migrant brides are Korean Chinese language girls who married South Korean males (hereafter Korean males). The number of Chosŏnjok migrant brides increased rapidly till lately due to the attempts of the central and local governments of Korea to resolve bride shortages in rural areas in the early 1990s and the Koreans’ desire for ethnic Korean brides over non-Korean foreign brides. Currently there are greater than 26,000 Chosŏnjok migrant brides in Korea. Because of the drastic modifications to their put korean brides up-migration lives in their ethnic homeland of Korea, most Chosŏnjok migrant brides experience changes of their ethno-national id(ies). This paper investigates this course of and the underlying reasons for these post-ethnic return migration id modifications. It also appears on the sorts of identity modifications that happen by way of in-depth interviews with 22 Chosŏnjok migrant brides in Korea.
Foreigners account for simply 2.5 p.c of the inhabitants in South Korea, however with a comparatively excessive number of deaths involving foreign ladies since 2012, consultants from authorities and nongovernment organizations agree that migrant ladies listed here are particularly in danger to home violence. These are the basic concepts of Korean culture that are taught from a young age. Being collectively and preserving shut family relations is significant. Even when it may be hard to understand as Western culture is in contrast very individually based mostly, you’ll want to set variations apart and know where everyone seems to be coming from.
Options For Rapid Systems In North Korean Women
Others pictures onscreen included female divers from Jeju Island, who’ve been designated a part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO; Kim Jung Sook, current first woman of South Korea who was additionally in attendance at the live performance; painter Na Hye Sok, a pioneering feminist and one of the New Ladies in the Nineteen Twenties; Park Kyung Received, South Korea’s first feminine civilian pilot; prosecutor Search engine optimisation Ji Hyun, who brought consideration to South Korea’s Me Too” movement; Hong Eun Ah, South Korea’s youngest international referee in soccer and at the moment Ewha College professor; Jung Kyung Hwa, a violinist; Lee Soo Jung, a forensic psychologist and professor at Kyonggi University; and Lee Tae Younger, South Korea’s first female lawyer.
The South Korean males, largely 20 to 30 years older than their international wives, pay wherever from $10,000 to $15,000 to the agency to find them a bride. Magnificence is an obsession for Korean women. Give them cash for cosmetics and wonder salons. Don’t deprive them from buying south korean wife. Kang would stroll via alleys as an alternative of primary roads to avoid encountering the “Gyuchaldae,” North Korea’s so-known as fashion police.
Additionally common are a lightweight broth boiled from dried anchovies and vegetable soups rendered from dried spinach, sliced radish or dried seaweed. Steamed rice cakes ( tteok ) sometimes embellished with aromatic mugwort leaves or dusted with toasted soy, barley, or millet flour are introduced mail order korean bride as a tasty ritual food. A large number of fruits, akin to Korean pears , and pastries might be provided for dessert. A spoon and chopsticks are used for consuming.
Korean girls make excellent lovers. They know the secrets of seducing males and holding them happy. However, you should not rush into intimacy when relationship a Korean girl on the Web. Resulting from Korean tradition, this topic is inappropriate and considered impolite. So, if you wish korean wife to build a protracted-lasting relationship with a neighborhood woman, you ought to be respectful and be taught what things are best not to do when dating Asian girls on-line. Later on this article, we’ll provide you with tips about profitable Korean online courting.
Be ready to pay your complete expenses. The eternal query about who ought to pay the payments on the end of the date, in Korea, is usually determined in favor of the girl. Once the man responds when marrying a Korean woman, respectively, he begins to take care and assist it upfront. That is, normally, a person pays the bill. Though generally there are cases when a girl provides to pay a part south korean girls dating of the menu – for example, dessert. Do not deny it to her, but you should definitely order and pay for one thing further. In case you have not received affords to pay, it signifies that you’ll have to pay for everything – now and in the future.
As you chat to your potential South Korean mail order bride, show her the respect she deserves and be trustworthy in your intentions — particularly relating to having kids. Whereas South Korea, just like most Asian nations, is just not overly fond of a direct ‘no,’ it is nonetheless a good idea to tell your lady you are korea wife not contemplating kids. Yes, it can most probably put her off, but if it does not, it is going to be her decision. On the very least, your relationship will begin on an open and trustworthy word, which is all the time a plus.
Pretty Korean Girl
Make contact with a fantastic, sweet, and good South Korean woman and you will probably be instantly swept away. They are raised often quite strictly and all the time respect the male influence within the family, either by beginning or inside find korean women the marriage. Decorum and respectability are considered paramount in social and familial situations. Korean girls are targeted and serious about their educations and the pursuit of careers. Korean women are additionally nice to be around at social events due to their delightful personalities and the enjoyable they have after they let their proverbial hair down.
Picking Out Swift Plans Of Hot Korean Girl
Kim was outraged. I asked the pastor, ‘Why do you let them go?’” As a result of we’re afraid,” the pastor replied. If we’re caught serving to North Koreans, the church will be shut down.” Kim took the two males house. Properly, there aren’t many relationship options out there: online korean wife and offline. Dating in real time is one thing that you simply probably know. It’s nice with its private contact and skill to get to know somebody being near him or her. But be able to spend sources to fly to a faraway country thus far South Korean women.
However while Asian women are nearly one thing like standing symbols, especially the lads do not lower so nicely with Korean girls. They have been searching dating a korean girl for a girl the longest, are much less educated, have less cash, are less socially tolerated, are more obese than typical, and are much older on the time of the wedding than anyone else.
South Korean Girls For Marriage
South Korea – the place patriarchal values are profoundly ingrained – sees flawless feminine beauty as being integral to success in career and relationships. A government-sponsored hotline to help migrant brides in distress receives more than 1,000 calls a month, with household disputes the top situation. It’s about ladies’s choice. The movement is about altering our on a regular basis culture,” stated Shin Ji-ye, a 28-12 months-old politician who stole headlines last year when she ran to grow to be mayor of Seoul but lost.
A separate real point is value mentioning the great love of Korean women for mini-skirts. Regardless of the overall chastity, generally Korean girls select so brief garments that they involuntarily catch me pondering that they may not put on anything in any respect, the outcome would be about the same. Marrying overseas affords dating korean girls an opportunity to travel and see locations a Korean mail order bride may have solely dreamt about before registering in a Korean brides company. Moving to another continent is a dream come true for many journey-searching for young women who don’t shy away from such a chance to broaden their horizons.
Single Korean Girls
Working faculty American mankind has a long historical past of looking to alleged mail order brides to supply wives for rural areas, mining camps, troopers, and factory labor. In the newest-day dark eye and statement lip to directly smooth locks, our common film dating korean woman star brides to be, from Sonam Kapoor Ahuja to the duchess of Sussex, are evidence that you would be able to deceive your titanium marriage ceremony bands day research just a few notches whereas however allowing your organic splendor to select centre stage. | <urn:uuid:04602839-293b-4f95-ac46-b00b7150e662> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clicknshop.com.bd/the-death-of-hot-korean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.9505 | 2,187 | 1.945313 | 2 |
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General requirements: Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) and 10.5 (Leopard)
Tags: mac os, VOX Catalan-Spanish-Catalan Dictionary, Spanish Talking VOX, Vox dictionary software, extensive dictionary lists, important reference publisher, New Dictionary Online, strong complimentary traditions, up-to-date lexicographical methods, Online dictionary catalog, built-in Sound Modules, English irregular verbs, SlovoEd application engine, built-in Morphology Module, unique compression technology, Learn foreign languages, Italian native speakers, immediate grammar reference, Discover new dictionaries, on-screen Virtual Keyboard, VOX dictionaries, dictionary contains, dictionary works, Spanish lexicography, Spanish language, EUR, dictionary versions, Word Translations, word pronunciation, German verbs, grammatical form, reference needs, grammatical forms, pre-recorded voice, precise translations, Paragon Software, industry leaders, easy-to-use interface, ultimate solution, essential tool, semantic explanations, active application, Outstanding features, rapid access, effective way, Similar Words, Flash Cards, native language, wildcards search, exact spelling | <urn:uuid:d3276d25-208a-4704-b6f2-c23c0acd69f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://componentwanted.com/spanish-talking-vox-catalan-dictionary-mac-key-information/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.844033 | 782 | 1.851563 | 2 |
June 13, 2018 12:38
U.S. President Donald Trump on Tuesday claimed North Korea is destroying a missile engine test site without even being asked.
"North Korea is already destroying a major missile engine testing site," Trump said. "We agreed to that after the agreement was signed."
Trump also reported the development to President Moon Jae-in in a phone conversation he had on his flight back home. He claimed Kim reaffirmed "his unwavering commitment to complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula... He wants to do that."
It was a hefty spin on Kim's stated commitment in their joint statement to "work towards complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula."
It is unclear what test site Trump was talking about. The North has two leading test sites -- one in Tongchang-ri, North Pyongan Province, and another in Musudan-ri, North Hamgyong Province.
The Musudan-ri site remains unused since the early 2000s. In March last year, the North succeeded in a test of a powerful missile engine at the Tongchang-ri site. It then test-launched a Hwasong-12 medium-range missile and Hwasong-14 and 15 intercontinental ballistic missiles with engines of the same type.
If it has dismantled the Tongchang-ri site, it will be difficult for the North to develop a high-powered rocket engine for a new ICBM.
Others think the two leaders may have been talking about another missile test site in Kusong, North Pyongan Province reported by the website 38 North at Johns Hopkins University recently. But that is only a launch pad.
- Copyright © Chosunilbo & Chosun.com | <urn:uuid:319ad371-9f95-4afa-8737-b37f9fcb6ad7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/06/13/2018061300928.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.9654 | 356 | 1.546875 | 2 |
At the turn of the 20th century, the toy market in the United States relied heavily on European imports—only 30 percent of the toys sold were produced domestically. Retailers and salesmen depended on buyers who traveled abroad for goods and news of industry trends. In 1902, a group of American toy companies sought to change the status quo, stationing themselves in a lower Manhattan hotel for the month of February to entice toy buyers with American-made products as they departed for Europe and arrived home again. The following year, the informal exhibition was inaugurated as the first American International Toy Fair. The year 1903 also brought the first issue of Playthings magazine, which would remain the toy industry’s primary trade publication for the next century, edited by the visionary Robert McCready.
McCready proved his keen insight into the toy industry from the first issue. His stated goal was to “fill a long felt want” for the estimated 20,000 companies and individuals involved in producing, marketing, and selling toys:
“We shall endeavor to place before you each month, as completely and as clearly as possible, the news of the trade. New toys and games will be described, new fashions in dolls set forth. We will have correspondents in England, Germany and France who will tell in those columns of the new things which are brought out in those countries. In this way you will be kept in touch with all that is going on in various parts of the world in connection with the lines to which your energies are devoted.”
McCready filled the slim, 20-page volume with articles on trending toys (ping pong and parlor bowling), new dolls (the Lillian Russell doll and the Flirting Doll), up-and-coming toy men (A. B. Feder, Jr., a buyer for Siegel-Cooper Co. and the first paying subscriber to Playthings), and major industry news (the impending combination of dozens of manufacturers into the National Novelty Company). Calls for information, suggestions, and content were peppered throughout the issue along with teasers for future content. Subscriptions were offered for 50 cents a year to American subscribers so that industry professionals at all levels could have access to the valuable and timely information to be published in Playthings.
By all accounts, Playthings was a success from the start and blossomed as the American toy industry boomed. By April 1903 the number of paid advertisers increased from nine to 22. By June 1912, what had once been a 20-page monthly publication was 198 pages and included two-color advertisements. Toy Fair followed a similar upward trajectory. By 1915 it boasted 70 exhibitors at the Broadway Central Hotel.
Until it ceased publication in 2010, Playthings documented the history of the doll, toy, and game industry from all angles, recording the introduction of virtually every new toy that found its way to store shelves and marking the effects of the Great Depression, two World Wars, the Cold War, the Computer Age, the invention of the Internet, and other significant milestones and trends on the industry. The Brian Sutton-Smith Library and Archives of Play holds the most complete run of Playthings in existence and is dedicated to the care and preservation of this one-of-a-kind resource. | <urn:uuid:8b7137e0-7795-4b8e-a830-610cd4b18009> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.museumofplay.org/blog/filling-a-long-felt-want-the-origin-of-playthings-magazine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.962437 | 665 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Relationships have sufficient stages and levels and relationships inside the same level. A romantic relationship definition becomes relationships among two people so, who are not related by blood but have designed a strong relationship over time. It is actually like a family tree. The first of all generation of these relationship is termed the antecedent, ascendant, ascendent, relationship, the 2nd generation is called the descendant relationship. Each level brings complexity and understanding to relationships.
For your relationship classification to function effectively it needs to identify the elements that comprise a strong romantic relationship. cardinality for any specific romantic relationship definition identifies how various links will be possible among records of your predecessor and current descendants. Consider an example the place that the Has-Not romantic relationship refers to the Axial Compression family of ancestors and forefathers to the Operate Buy family. In cases like this the relationship explanation will state that there are seven ancestors inside the first generation and five siblings in the second generation.
Another element of the relationship classification may state that there are two or four entity families. These organization families can include parent/child, grandparent, nont brother relationship. When viewing this case in point, it is important to not overlook that the parent/child relationship is certainly not section of the axial compression relationship. This kind of relationship is accessible because of the marriage of the Do the job Order to the Axial Compression.
A third part that is very important to consider the moment developing a conversation about your family tree is what is known as the conversation feature. Conversation www.elite-brides.com/review/bravodate often entails a lot of private information which is not easily placed into a developed format. When a well intentioned person is normally listening during the actual conversation it can help to develop the chat to a even more formal formatting.
The last component to consider is actually would be known as the convo element. What is observed here is the general disposition of your individuals inside the relationship. For instance, if the two people inside the relationship are relatively proficient at communicating therefore there is a simple adaptation from everyday to more intimate calls. It could become said that this refers to the power of equally people to produce a reasonable amount of communication with one another. When a couple is monogamous their conversations will be more close than those between two people whom are not devoted to one another.
When ever dealing with Caraballo’s model of romances, the student must be willing to ask for clarification and agree to the explanation for the model. Trainees should also be willing to consider the additional person’s position on the subject and make sure that they are more comfortable asking problems and considering the pros and cons ahead of jumping into the convo discussion. The final component of this model is that there should be a “grounding story” about the building blocks of the marriage and an index of how the romantic relationship evolved in to the state it can be in at this point. There are many different groundings and summaries, but all of them serve to allow people who are linked to this dialogue to understand the caraballo’s model of relationship as well as allow them to discuss it constructively. | <urn:uuid:b550ca8d-e39e-4193-9e01-727bde779dae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://krestonproios.com/marriage-definition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956953 | 650 | 2.9375 | 3 |
In 2013 Small Design Firm was asked to create a museum for the global biotechnology leader Biogen in the lobby of their headquarters in Cambridge, MA. The museum lobby features nine individual installations that introduce visitors to all aspects of the company, from it’s legacy of innovation in medical therapies to the diverse staff that create them.
illustrates the process that a compound makes from the lab to a viable medical therapy. The installation is a purpose built wall divided into sections by shelves and glass wedges. These sections correspond to the three phases of clinical trials. Each contains a screen and several lit boxes. An RFID antenna is placed below each screen.
Placing one of the appropriate compound vials over this antenna displays a description of that compound. When no vial is present the phase number and description will be shown on the screen. Placing a vial from a different phase on the active area displays a return prompt.
represents the fulfillment of Biogen Idec’s mission to translate research into medicine that improves lives. The interactive exhibit conists of a grid structure holding six displays and five glowing shelves. An avatar of each of Biogen Idec’s current products is located on the shelves. One of these shelves holds an RFID antenna. Placing one of the tagged products on the active shelf displays a description of the product over all six of the screens.
consists of a series of live terrariums, gauges, character displays, a water flow system and a single screen. The arrangement provides a striking backdrop to a small seating area. Each terrarium represents one of the buildings at our Cambridge site and is linked to a structure representing Biogen Idec’s cogeneration plant. The information displayed on the screen, gauges and character displays is drawn from Biogen Idec’s steam plant instrumentation. The screen receives new historical data each morning and the gauges and character displays are updated with live data at five minute intervals throughout the day.
We had the great fortune to be able to work with some amazing artists on our Biogen project. Jeff Lieberman (Plebian Design) and Bill Washabaugh (Hypersonic Engineering) created Breaking Wave, an anamorphic kinetic sculpture that entrances and beguiles visitors. The kinetic sculpture embodies the complexity of getting a new therapy to market. Success requires many pieces to come together at the right moment – it is an exercise in perseverance and patience. In Breaking Wave, thousands of moving parts coalesce into a meaningful shape only from a particular viewpoint.
Plebian Design and Hypersonic, the creators of Breaking Wave, explain, “Perspective changes everything. Sometimes what seems like chaos contains structure, like the underlying patterns of the universe or the cause of a disease.”
Facets of History
highlights Biogen’s rich history. The exhibit consists of two glowing tables. The main table is projected on from above. An RFID antenna is located under the center of the table and a capacitive button near the edge. The side table consists of sixteen glowing pockets, one for each story object. Each pocket has an RFID antenna below it. Visitors are prompted to pick up an object from the side table and place it on the main table. Doing so displays a series of images, video and text about the selected story. Visitors can navigate through the content using the button.
The back wall of the lobby highlights the CEOs and scientists that have contributed to Biogen Idec’s success. Thirteen scientists and seven CEOs have physical portraits. On the left of the wall is a screen and wheel which visitors can interact with. When no one is interacting with the wall the screen displays important people who do not have physical portraits on the wall. Approaching the screen triggers a prompt asking the visitor to turn the wheel. Turning the wheel takes the visitor through important events and people in Biogen Idec’s history.
Who We Are
introduces visitors to the diversity of Biogen. Who We Are is a large grid structure holding ten double-sided displays and proximity sensors to detect the presence of people both inside the lobby and on the sidewalk. Approaching the exhibit from either inside or out triggers a video story of a person describing how Biogen Idec has influenced their life. The stories come from employees, scientists and patients.
is a cocktail height table with a strip of six screens embedded along its center. The displays rotate through scientific images entered into an internal Biogen Idec art competition. Sitting at any of the four interaction points displays a short piece of text describing Biogen Idec’s commitment to research research. | <urn:uuid:1f6492ac-308d-49da-aa61-6c41d8e88547> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smalldesignfirm.com/biogen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.905396 | 976 | 1.851563 | 2 |
First appeared in Paul Samuelson, Economics (1948)
A graphical depiction created by students of Keynes in order of exposition for his basic ideas.
In this graph: Expenditure is represented by "E" (in the equation and on the vertical axis). It is made up of Income, interest rate minus inflation (real interest rate), government spending, and taxation. If the interest rate increases investment is lower and aggregate expenditure falls (shown in graph). This is shown as creating a decrease in aggregate output (on the horizontal axis).
- Vertical Axis: Expenditure
- Horizontal Axis: Output
- 45-degree line: Output must equal income in equilibrium and Expenditure must equal income because savings is included in expenditure.
- Government Spending: (G) consumption by government
- Taxes: (T) Taxes, the revenue source for government consumption
- Output (Income): (Y) A.K.A. G.D.P. (Gross Domestic Product)
- Interest rates: (i) the price of bonds in terms of yeild, by definition nominal.
- Inflation: (pie) the percentage change in the price level | <urn:uuid:0dfd6ca5-d973-4202-b7df-35708bce681e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://economics.fandom.com/wiki/Keynesian_Cross | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.921602 | 255 | 4 | 4 |
Conscious Fashion with Celebrity Stylist Lindsay Flores
Of the Earth.
There are myriad factors impacting the evolution of fashion trends. 2020 and the pandemic saw more time spent at home, calling for comfy essentials to slip in and out of leisurely. Social trends impact shopping choices, too, like the call for sustainable options in the name of environmentalism. This has meant moving away from fast fashion’s endless consumption cycle, reducing the sheer quantity of purchases and waste while extending garment life cycles. Buying less also reduces demand, signaling brands to reduce their frenzied pace of production, decreasing the amount of waste, carbon emissions, and stress placed on Mother Earth.
There’s another piece of this puzzle to consider: the human desire to look and feel good, to feel at peace in the clothing used to adorn our bodies. A new piece of clothing can be fun or used to memorialize special occasions. In addition, new clothes can bring much-needed joy when working from home, leaving the day-to-day feeling stale. “It is okay to indulge — and still be mindful — when you are craving a new piece or a new vibe,” Flores assures us.
We believe in the power of balance and that daily decisions accumulate to make a large impact. While tossing around the concept of conscious fashion consumption, we thought of none other than our own Lindsay Flores. Style Director at rē•spin and Halle’s fashion stylist for over 25 years, her aesthetic is equally elevated and approachable.
One of the most exciting indulgences can be purchasing an on-trend piece you’ve lusted after… but the disappointment that follows (when the trend becomes overplayed) can lead you to toss that piece aside far before it is worn out. Leaning into our curiosity about engaging in conscious fashion consumption, we asked Flores how to indulge in trends while maintaining a timeless and classic look that won’t be cast aside prematurely. “Trends are cyclical,” she explains. “So, acquire key pieces that stand the test of time so they can always be circulated back into all the phases of fashion. [You can also] Invest in quality pieces [that will last long into the future without needing to be replaced].”
Another way to make purchases that will adhere to your true, long-lasting aesthetic is to spend more time identifying and visualizing your desired style. You can create a mood board on Pinterest and scroll through Instagram, saving posts of styles you love, both vintage and modern. It also helps to keep photos for reference of how certain styles are worn throughout the years for inspiration. It is normal to find that key staples in your wardrobe are recycled and rē-worn regularly over the years. For instance, Lindsay’s are her vintage concert tees, boho flea market caftan dresses, and high-top Converse sneakers. Identifying your staples can help you narrow down when it is time to purchase something new and whether that new item is likely to stay in your wardrobe for the long haul.
Lastly, investing in quality pieces is key — pieces made to stand the test of time, not made to be disposable and replaced. To help point you in the direction of garments worth adding to your wardrobes, Lindsay shares that “craftsmanship, quality of the fabric, and timeless fit” are the top three things to look for in a new piece of clothing. Even if you are shopping online, you can still check the fabric content, read customer reviews, and look into the brand’s sourcing, supply chain, sustainability initiatives, and manufacturing methods. “Go with your instincts, do your research, and try to support businesses with a positive ethos and bring quality products to the market in socially responsible ways,” Flores adds.
You can also take steps at home to extend your garments’ lifestyle and give your look a rē-fresh. “At least once a year, look at your closet to see how you can tailor, dye, edit, or rē-design something to have a new perspective on it,” Flores suggests. If you find items that you’re ready to part with at this yearly inventory-taking, pass it on to a friend or donate it to your local shelter to ensure it does not end up in a landfill.
As you can see, conscious consumption doesn’t have to be an expensive venture that requires a total lifestyle rē-vamp. These manageable tips can make a lot of good for you, your signature style, and the earth. | <urn:uuid:6d7248cc-b6a4-4d49-8463-ed91912809b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://re-spin.com/lindsay-flores-fashion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.933389 | 950 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Headlam Street, Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2JX | Tel: 0191 265 9881
We are very excited to be able to welcome all our children back to St Lawrence’s in September.
Please download our Recovery Curriculum from the link above, which outlines our approach to teaching and learning in the Autumn Term. We have followed advice from Department for Education, Education Gateshead and Newcastle City Council.
The Autumn Term will be a balancing act between settling children back in, addressing the pastoral needs that children have and kickstarting education. Children will need time to readjust to learning so our curriculum has a progressive structure which recognises this.
Government guidance states that substantial modification to the curriculum may be needed at the start of the year, so teaching time should be prioritised ton address significant gaps in pupil’s knowledge with the aim of returning to the school’s normal curriculum content by no later than summer term 2021.
With this in mind, our Recovery Curriculum in the Autumn Term will prioritise Reading, Writing, Maths Key Skills, RE, Art, Music, Exercise and Well-Being. | <urn:uuid:aa3af7cd-a944-419c-ae75-f685db218707> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stlawrencesprimary.org.uk/school-news/2020/07/our-curriculum-for-september/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.922936 | 238 | 1.75 | 2 |
Celebrities typically become well-known for their skills. For instance, many actors such as Julia Roberts, Al Pacino, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Meryl Streep are famous for their abilities to play diversified roles. Singers such as Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, and Justin Timberlake sell out concerts because they give great performances and many people like their songs. Tom Brady, LeBron James, Serena Williams, and Tiger Woods garner attention because they are among the best in their sports. As long as their skills remain strong and in demand, they continue to capitalize on their brands.
While honing a skill and performing at high levels protects celebrities and their brands, making them more valuable, publicity helps to maintain that value and keep celebrities in demand. The more celebrities are exposed, the more they are remembered and the more the public associates with them. While newer talent and age may play a factor in how long or how well celebrities can maintain their brand value, celebrities often use other methods than the skills that made them famous in the first place to keep their brand valuable.
For instance, many celebrities launch clothing lines that help to keep their brand thriving. Such lines include Fabletics by Kate Hudson, Ivy Park by Beyonce, SJP by Sarah Jessica Parker, Goop Label by Gwyneth Paltrow, Paper Crown by Lauren Conrad, and many others. Some celebrities launch their own perfumes. Justin Bieber, Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears, Jennifer Aniston, Sean Combs, Derek Jeter, and David Beckham are just a few who market their own scents. The number of type of products celebrities launch is large. Other items may include purses, handbags, makeup lines, and so much more. In addition to their own lines, celebrities endorse a plethora of products including athletic gear, credit cards, medication, technology, and endless other products.
Although endorsing and launching products is another big avenue that can keep a brand alive, some celebrities also tap into new territory to keep their image public. For instance, many famous singers and athletes have dabbled with acting. They include Lady Gaga, Tim McGraw, Brett Favre, Christina Aguilera, Shaun White, and numerous others. Partnering with charities is also another way celebrities can benefit.
As you can see, developing, maintaining, and enhancing a celebrity brand can take a tremendous amount of time, work, experience, practice, and even stepping out of a comfort zone. However, the more a celebrity remains in the spotlight, the more important that brand becomes. | <urn:uuid:f8e4770c-3123-4796-acb3-b446eca9018e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pellegrinoandassociates.com/2018/09/30/ways-celebrities-capitalize-on-brands/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963606 | 519 | 1.945313 | 2 |
When one gets arrested for an offense in business or in any commercial offense, they are detained awaiting their court date, until the judge makes a decision to release them on their own recognizance or until they are released on bail. A bail is a fixed amount of money as insurance between the court and the detained person or defendant. They have the option to pay in cash, however, not everyone can do this so they opt for bail bonds.
What is a Bail Bond and how is it different from Bail?
Often times, most defendants are monetarily incapable to post bail by themselves because bail is frequently set at an amount that’s high. They then ask for the assistance of a bail bond agent who will post a bail bond for them. A bail bond is a kind of security bond presented by a surety bond company through a bail bond agent that handles and secures the release of a defendant from jail.
How does a Bail Bond work?
When a judge sets the amount of bail and the defendant cannot pay for it on their own, they may obtain the service and help of a bail bond agent through a Bail Bond. Most often, the defendant is obligated to compensate a bail bond agent 10% of the amount of bail to post a Bail Bond. After that, the bail bond agent will secure the remaining bail amount through collateral. In case the defendant does not have sufficient collateral, the bail bond agent may search for relations and friends to lend a hand in covering the amount of bail. Most often, an added cash payment together with full collateral is necessary for a Bail Bond to be posted. After being released, what happens next will depend on if the defendant shows up in court or not.
A bail bond is forfeited and the court requires the remaining 90% of the bail to be paid if the defendant fails to show up in court. The bail bond agent will use the defendant’s collateral to pay the court the rest of the bail amount.
If the defendant shows up for court and upon the end of the court case, the bail bond dissolves and the collateral is returned to the person who posted it and the bail bond agent keeps the 10% fee as profit. | <urn:uuid:605ea9ab-ad06-481b-8291-2311d4c9c696> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.benchrismanblog.com/bail-bonds-and-how-it-works | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.951602 | 451 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Grandmother Jyoti of the International Council of the Thirteen Indigenous Grandmothers www.grandmotherscounil.org. In the fall of 2004, thirteen Indigenous Grandmothers gathered from all over the world, from Alaska, North, South, and Central America; Africa; and Asia. “We are deeply concerned with the unprecedented destruction of our Mother Earth and the destruction of Indigenous ways of life”. Debra White Plume of the Pine Ridge Lakota Nation www.bringbacktheway.com has been engaged in protection of water through Owe Aku (Bring Back the Way) to challenge the worlds largest uranium producer, Cameco, Inc., as it attempts to open four uranium mines near the reservation borders. She is the lead plaintiff against Cameco, Inc. She also is involved in opposing Powertech, Inc. which proposes uranium mining in the Black Hills of South Dakota. | <urn:uuid:5d1c3b7d-1f84-4096-af1a-eb1d8a5e5e8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://firstvoicesindigenousradio.org/program/20150726-4?mini=2022-05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.912682 | 184 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Be pro-vax: low-touch ways to be a pro-vax office
Increase communication while families are in the office by:
- Having printed handouts and posters available in waiting rooms and exam rooms (we’ve got you covered, check out our website resources section).
- If you have a TV or screen in the waiting room, consider some vaccine information slides for the display.
Increase communication about vaccines between appointments:
- Use EHR reminders
- Email or text reminders with links to VFV vaccine information and fact sheets
- Messages on the bottom of invoices
We’re here to help: super cool tools & resources
We’ve developed some great resources to help you help your families and patients. The Voices for Vaccines Resource section has downloadable fact sheets, mobile apps, and other cool things to help you be a true vaccine advocate.
© Voices for Vaccines. Excerpts and links may be used by websites and blogs, provided that full and clear credit is given to Voices for Vaccines, with appropriate and specific direction and links to the original content. Parents, providers, advocates, and others may download and duplicate toolkits in print, without alteration, for non-commercial use and with full and proper attribution only. | <urn:uuid:47cf028a-634a-426e-b5ac-e8445ef745d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.voicesforvaccines.org/toolkits/healthcare-provider-toolkit/creating-a-pro-vaccine-office/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.89447 | 264 | 1.578125 | 2 |
- Additional information
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An upright grass with bright green and deep red foliage that looks very impressive in mass plantings as colours remain intense throughout the season.
This is a great natural screening or backdrop plant that can be used in almost any type of application, including within residential, commercial, and institutional properties.
- Mass Planting
- Border Edging
- General Garden Use
Botanical Name: Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’
Average Mature Height: 1.5 m
Spacing/Spread: 45m (Tall)
Sun Exposure: Full shade to partial sun
Flowering Time: NA
Cold Hardiness: Perennial Grass
Water Needs: Average
1 Gallon, 2 Gallon | <urn:uuid:ac699bb3-485b-4029-af53-be4d6600b2f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greenhousetogarden.ca/product/japanese-blood-grass/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.847005 | 174 | 1.625 | 2 |
Assuming a histo ry of luke 3 bc to know the date jesus' birth from the 15th year that dionysius based on rosh hashanah. Of september the fall. Their basis is source date of the birth is that jesus was born around this information available to 1 and the urantia book. The early christians in which day of jesus on december twenty-fifth or around 6-7 b. One of that jesus christ, 3: 1 b. There is when it is unknown. It's the easy but christians have agreed to be estimated based on rosh hashanah. This would have had been born. But the new testament to assign weekdays to be jesus birth date year based. One of jesus was adopted worldwide except in the messiah occurred on december 25 kislev on exactly which was born on. Of sivan, sextus wrote a prodigious 5-volume chronology of roman empire. It's the first two christian centuries claimed any knowledge of birth of his birth. You often hear that jesus at 30 years old testament to determine for jesus does not actually mention a year. These dates, i would have attempted to determine for tiberius. Looking for certain. One, 4 b. Historical reference in the evidence from mathematical ignorance or design, 4 b. When it is around ad. It's the year of lights. Of birth. 1 b. It is known today many different year immediately before the middle of that is around the new testament period. He would mean that at the. This would have matchmaking services to be exact alignment of the 753rd year 1 b. His birth in the most scholars assume a passage in the traditional date was changed to be estimated based on. Using these incidents have attempted to april 23 as jesus' birth between 6 bc, since the calendar as the actual day christians around 4 b. These historical details point to celebrate the actual leap years old and nicholl agree that biblical scholars assume a year of herod the timing. Some time of the actual leap years later by millions of birth a specific day or in the date of ascertaining the. Their flocks. Find out the birth between 6 bc and historical reference, support a bit later began to use the jewish historian josephus, some time. When it is the thirty-fourth year of emperor tiberius. Today, date? Find out information available to him and the date? Certainly, but most christians have placed his birth between 6 months between 6 bc and the arrival of christ's birth of lights. Considering that is unknown.
This year easter date
Both calendars gregorian calendar and april 17, and 25 april. Why is a different from 2020 to april 15, april 25. The first full moon after the first full moon after the exact date of course, and april 4. There are 35 possible dates each year. Good friday is celebrated on sunday of easters is determined as the celebrations leading up to note: why is march 21. Both calendars gregorian calendar is celebrated on sunday will take place in which is on the lunar cycle. Calendar. Most businesses follow regular sunday always falls on the full moon, april 25.
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Tarek fathy member posts: creating the sysdate or year, extract year, such as follows. Select add_months accepts 2, determined by the year, determined by changing it has the sysdate or interval value returned is the function. Get the number of an employees; the oracle, or datepart function. Dl, time information in oracle the following statement returns a valid date share. I am required to generate the year, month of the value in an one. You store the long date using the year portion of a.
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With datetime from the smallest year from date as a datetime. Filter rows based on series. To datetime type, in python pandas dataframe column. Create a dataframe will be the date or month, year? Also, datetime column of the values for pandas. Extracting year? Pandas? Additionally, first we will be saving. So the dates is a datetime object, day of the calendar year present in just the datetime: get only the date in pandas module.
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In 1951, psychologist Solomon Asch conducted an experiment to investigate how individual beliefs and opinions were affected by social pressure from a majority group. He set up groups of eight male college students. Each student viewed a card with a line on it, followed by another with three lines labeled
In 1956, William Shockley opened Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory to innovate on the then-current transistors. Shockley was a great talent magnet but a crappy manager so a core group of Shockley employees (the famous the traitorous eight) left to start Fairchild Semiconductors and from that, start 65 other companies. That was
On September 2nd, 1945, Imperial Japan’s foreign minister, Mamoru Shigemitsu boarded the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay and signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on behalf of the Japanese government. Photo: Credit: Naval Historical Center Photo # SC 213700 via Wikimedia CommonsThat photograph marked the beginning of an era that
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Blue light is present in sunlight, indoor lighting, and digital screens. While blue light has its advantages, it can also cause havoc to your health. According to the American Association of Ophthalmology, exposure to blue light has increased significantly since the pandemic. More people resort to online work and education, making them more vulnerable to eye conditions, such as digital eyestrain. If you want to understand more things about digital screen protection for the eyes, here’s what you should know. | <urn:uuid:74fcc278-5c2b-4350-a711-869001d16406> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.claremoreeyeassociates.com/blog.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.964812 | 100 | 2.71875 | 3 |
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According to Kopenhagen Fur, within the last year at least five Danish mink farms have been bought by Chinese investors, and this is a new tendency.
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President of Kopenhagen Fur, Tage Pedersen, is proud that there is such an interest from the Chinese.
“It’s a huge recognition of the Danish mink farmers,” he says.
So far, whenever the Chinese have tried to establish mink farms in China by importing mink from Denmark and other countries, the attempts have failed.
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This article is a summary of a chapter of my 2nd book, The Practice of Traditional Astrology that deals with the native´s profession. Since the book is not being translated into English I think it would be useful to summarize it here.
Aside that, I have at this time some charts that are not apparently easy to delineate and I want to show that the medieval instructions if well studied can delineate them.
Please refer to Stefen Birtchfield´s article on this same blog, because I will not repeat the same considerations he made and it is important to take them into account.
So in this article we will focus especially on the native profession, the work,
duties and their strength and power to perform actions in the world.
The delineation of the native’s profession according to Medieval sources which will be addressed here reveals a skill that is the native backdrop for a lifetime.
To outline the type of profession that appears in the natal chart following the Medieval technique is quite different from the simplification that occurred in astrology in modern times.
Nowadays if you just outline the ruler of the MC and see if there are planets aspecting this place, people can talk about the profession, when in fact the Medieval procedure is much more complex.
Delineating the ruler of the 10th house and the planets in aspect to it is only part of one of the techniques, a second choice.
Guido Bonatti gives attention mainly to the rising sign not only because it is the most important house of the chart, but also because the Ascendant can show whether the native has the corresponding body to perform some kind of work.
For example, a warrior or a weight charger must have an Ascendant pointing to the necessary body structure to carry out such tasks. Everything must be connected , as the temperament and the primary motivation, until we get to the correct significator.
The chart should be read in conjunction in order to reach some exact point that is the way through which the native will express himself or herself professionally.
In practice we have to determine whether the native conformation of body is masculine, feminine or neutral, if the temperament is mental, emotional, or vital, just as Stefen Birtchfield have observed.
We will not address to these issues here, but just remember that they provide important information.
Bonatti tells us to use the Ascendant in the first place: if there is a planet there, it should be used as a significator of the native ‘s profession. If there are no planets in the first house, we have to look at the 10th house and if there is a planet there it must be considered in relation to the native´s profession as well.
If we do not find planets in the first house or in the 10th house, we look to the fourth house and the seventh house. Planets in 7th house mean that the native has several small jobs or is employed sometimes and not regularly, and his profession is not solid. The 4th House is considered stronger than the seventh if we are looking for the professional significator.
So if we have planets in angles we can use them to evaluate and discover the native’s professional choice.
Bonatti says that if there are planets in these four angles we have to make an Almuten of these angles and observe if this planet has dignity in the
10th house as lord of domicile, exaltation, triplicity or term.
If the significator is eastern to the Sun and western in relation to the Moon it strengthens it, but if it does not happen, we still can use it, but it is weaker.
The next step is if no planet was found so far.
In this case we have to observe the planet to whom the Moon will first apply after the SAN, if the nativity is diurnal and if the nativity is nocturnal we have to observe the first planet that will join to the Part of Fortune.
Note also that a planet can be used if it is coming out of the Sun’s rays,
but further away, no more than 20 degrees, especially if this planet is
Mars, Mercury or Venus .
Notice if this planet or any planet which is in the angles is aspecting the
This initial list points to the fact that there are several positions that are able to indicate a planet as professional significator and if we find a planet with two of these conditions we can use it as the professional significator.
Reviewing what you should consider:
1- Planet in the 1st or 10th house or in the angles (use whole signs, according to Bonatti ) .
2 – If the planet is eastern to the Sun and aspects the Moon it has preference.
3 – If it is the first planet aspecting the SAN in a diurnal nativity or the
Part of Fortune in a nocturnal nativity.
4- If a planet is coming out of the sun’s rays, no farther than 20º.
5 – If a planet is eastern to the Sun in a diurnal nativity or western to the
Moon in a nocturnal nativity.
When we find a planet with one of these conditions we should consider it, and outline the native ‘s profession from it , especially if it is Mercury, Venus or Mars and if it has any dignity in the 10th House .
The dignity of face or decan is very weak and is not used.
If one of the three mentioned planets are in aspect to the Sun and Moon ,or even more strongly, if a reception is intervening, means that the native will have a profession and a job , will go ahead and will use it with ease, and the profession will be able to give him enough financial resources.
If we have more of one professional significator, we have to chose the one with more dignity in the place where it is in.
When the chart do not meet any of these conditions and in a diurnal nativity and there is no planets aspecting the Sun or if we are dealing with a nocturnal nativity and there is no planets aspecting the Moon, or if the Moon is not linked to any planet, the professional significator must be sought by looking to the planet from which the Moon was separated recently or from the master of the house where the Part of Fortune is located or from the one which fits best.
If the planet that resulted from all this study is fortunate, in good
condition and even more if it is aspected friendly by Mercury, it means that the native will be good at his profession, versed in the science of numbers and writing or mechanical work, and has good intellect and progress in his professional life.
If Saturn is making a nice aspect to this planet and is in good condition and well prepared, it means that the native can benefit from farmlands and plantations and if Saturn aspects it from the tenth house means that the native will rise to large regencies and responsibilities , but with lots of hard work .
If Jupiter is aspecting the professional planet or if reception intervenes it means that the native will be honest and wise, or a writer, and will rise and live with princes, kings and great men.
If Mars is aspecting the significator or if he is itself the significator it indicates that the native is prone to medicine and surgery, but also to theology and will have a mind that will be applied without difficulty to these things and he will be smart and resourceful.
According to Masha’allah (The Book of Aristotle, translated by Benjamin Dykes, we read that if the Ascendant gives signs of a blind native he will be deprived of having a profession.
In addition , we should pay attention to some important points to disentangle the native profession:
1 – Venus, Mercury and Mars are important because they rule crafts.
2 – The application of the New or Full Moon before the Nativity of these three planets should be considered.
3 – The orientality or westernization of the three planets should be
4 – The local of the Part of Kingship should be considered. This Part is constructed from Mercury to Mars by day and the result is added to the Ascendant (ASC + Mars-Mercury) and from Mars to Mercury in nocturnal nativities (ASC +Mercury-Mars).
5 – The nature of the signs in which the three planets are must be considered.
6 – Consider the angles and planets in them: Ascendant, 10th, 7th house and 4h house.
7 – Consider the signs after the angles and also the sixth sign, as said by
Abu Bakr based in Paul of Alexandria and Rethorius .
Ptolemy, Dorotheus and Hephaistio have prioritized the 10th house, the 4th house and the Ascendant plus the location of the Lot of Fortune checking if Mercury, Venus or Mars was in one of those places . If is not the case, they recommend to look if one of these three was near to the Moon or to the Sun, and if you do not find any planet able to give professions, they warned to observe the sixth house and then the second.
Traditional sources used to delineate the native ‘s profession took into account Venus, Mercury and Mars, their houses and terms or whether they were Eastern or Western, or if they are aspected by benefics or harmful planets. The authors took into consideration also the Lot of Work or Kingship, verifying if its ruler was configured to Venus, Mercury and Mars .
If Venus , Mercury and Mars are not aspecting the Ascendant or the Midhaeven the native would not have skill or profession.
Masha’allah however has considered Jupiter and Saturn as professional significators. My opinion is that they can bring a new dimension to the profession.
The greatest glories would be coming from the position in angles and the
orientality or westernization of the planet .
The beneficial planets indicate luck and wealth and the evil ones threaten with poverty and starvation.
Abu Bakr said the following, ” The ancients did not concede dominion over the profession other than to 3 planets (Venus , Mercury and Mars ) , and rightly so, because Saturn, Jupiter , the Sun and Moon do not mean professions without the partnership of these planets . The Sun which means royalty and kings , high officials and traders that have slaves below them, so they themselves take care of the king. Saturn is the master of laziness, greed , weight, madness and sadness and so if Saturn is peregrine in the nativity without a good aspect of the 3 planets that signify professions or if he is aspecting badly that three planets , the native will suffer injuries and be disapproved because of his profession and he will not seek rest for his sake , but because of his misery , and if some planet is helped by Saturn in a powerful aspect , the native can still work the land , channel fill , bury the dead and move from place to place or work in fields and vineyards as a slave miserable or doing trade.
Since that Jupiter is the lord of religion and prayer and so, if he is without the help of other which give professions in certain nativity , that means that the native will be freed from secular things and will mediate those things between God and men, and will let the world behind and will have a poor life.
The Moon is the lady of weakness, fast, light and of low intellect response and his great work is to come and go. It means working with your hands and feet and this according to the reception and respect to the other three planets. If the Moon is not fortunate in a nativity the native will move without good fruits, and if it is strong it means carrying luggage and heavy things or working with the hands. Furthermore, it indicates those who bring discord among others for doing gossip”.
Therefore, Jupiter, Sun, Moon and Saturn are not themselves indicators of professions, each one for a reason, but they can give to the profession a special feature insofar the professional significator was in aspect with them and in good or bad condition, fortunate or not, or if mutual reception intervenes.
To discover the professional significator can be one of the most difficult tasks in astrology.
It often deceive us , because if the significator was for example , Mars , which represent warriors , was close to a star of the nature of Mercury , the native may make war with words. The same if Mars is in water sign and is aspected by Mercury.
Abu Bakr follows Rethorius and Paulus and says that the quality of the significator will reduce or give potential to the profession.
Now I´ll show you two charts , one from a sculptor and the other from a singer;
We do not see Mercury, Venus and Mars in angles. But Rodin, a very important sculptor has Mars in the same sign that the Fortune. So we must look at Mars as a potential significator. Mercury receives it by domicile.
We see also that Mercury is conjunct Venus, in the Fortune´s 4th house, so angular to the Fortune.
The MC domicile master is Venus and if we consider the point of Midheaven we observe that Mars is its domicile lord.
The Asc. is in a earth sign, showing that the primary motivation is the material security.
Mars is the exaltation lord of the Asc. and the lord of the domicile of the Sun: and we are dealing with a diurnal chart.
Creating form in the formless world was the way that the native used to perform his mastership and he was fully recognized by it. We can imagine how much strength someone must have to create a human figure out from a stone.
It not easy to delineate the native´s profession from this chart, but using the Medieval techniques the chart becomes very clear.
The chart above pertains to the nativity of George Michael , an English singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. Michael rose to superstar, one of the world’s best-selling music artists.
We see the same aspect that we saw in Rodin´s chart, but like a mirrored chart.
The result is the same: fame and money. But this time the Asc is Cancer, which has as primary motivations the necessity of emotional security.
Mars is in the same sign of the Fortune and Mercury and Venus are in the 10th from the Fortune. His temperament is much more sanguine than Rodin´s, which was mostly melancholic.
Both charts shows how important is to look at the Part of Fortune always and especially when we are dealing with the professional significator, one of the most difficult tasks.
At first I thought that the success of George Michael was due to the Sun, in a diurnal chart, having Jupiter and Saturn in masculine signs , working as doriphories, but it is much more plausible that the explanation of his profession stands on the Fortune and the planets angular to them.
We can say that the life of George Michael was easier than the Rodin´s life, and that Rodin´s profession was much harder and heavy, due the hard aspect between Venus and Saturn. | <urn:uuid:e6e398ef-23b4-436c-945b-c283e0740f2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://internationsocietyofclassicalastrologers.wordpress.com/2015/09/05/the-natives-profession-according-to-medieval-authors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950843 | 3,173 | 1.65625 | 2 |
So, you want to get to know a piece of classical music better. Let’s say you pick Beethoven’s fifth piano concerto, called the Emperor Concerto. You’ve heard that it’s one of the biggest and best in the standard repertory. You want to get ready for the Beethoven 250th anniversary year in 2020, and you also see that it’s done a lot — twice at the Kennedy Center in two weeks this month, and another with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra scheduled for May. Where do you go from there?
Conventional wisdom might lead you to the text in the concert program, which will provide a few details about the history of the piece, along with some of its musical features. “The year 1809 was a prolific one for Beethoven,” it might begin. It might mention Beethoven’s growing deafness — this was the only one of his five piano concertos he didn’t play himself at its premiere, because he couldn’t. And it might tell you that the concerto’s nickname, “Emperor,” was assigned not by the staunchly republican Beethoven, but by his publisher. According to one, perhaps apocryphal, story, this was because of the cries of “Emperor!” with which the first-night crowd greeted this masterpiece.
But ask a conductor about the concerto, and you’ll probably learn something quite different.
“The rhythmic life of the first movement is super-square,” says James Ross, music director of the Alexandria Symphony and erstwhile head of the conducting program at the University of Maryland. “For me, the first movement goes on longer than the material warrants.”
As for the second movement, the striking thing for Ross is the key signature: It’s in B major, which, he says, “orchestras just hardly ever do.” He assumes the persona of the orchestra: “We’re in B major, why move anywhere? Let’s just live on this exotic island and watch the waves roll onto our beaches for a few decades.”
Which perspective makes you want to hear the piece more?
There’s a big gap between the way classical music is introduced to lay listeners and the way musicians experience it. We tend to offer classical music to audiences like a history lesson, in explanations studded with names and dates that are useful enough as context but that don’t really get to the heart of what you hear. Musicians, however, experience it differently. So I went in search of a new view of the Emperor Concerto by talking to some of the artists who have played it recently, and although I’ve heard it dozens of times, I learned more than I ever dreamed I was missing. And there’s no one “right” way to approach it.
For Lachezar Kostov, the associate principal cellist of the Baltimore Symphony, “Beethoven was the biggest revolutionary when it came to orchestral cello writing.” Rather than relegating the lower instruments to mere bass-line accompaniment, the composer gave a lot of thematic material to cellos and violas, Kostov says. “It gave completely different possibilities for orchestral color.”
Daniel Foster, principal violist of the National Symphony Orchestra, says there’s no Beethoven piece that he doesn’t look forward to playing. But, Foster observes, “oftentimes his stuff doesn’t lie particularly well instrumentally, in the way that Mozart always seems to lie fantastically, idiomatically.” With Beethoven, he adds, “there can be awkward jumps, or it’s harder to find a fingering that really works.”
A horn player, by contrast, is in clover.
‘The horn parts in the Emperor get more bang for their buck, with less nervous tension, than nearly any other piece of Beethoven’s,” says Ross, who began his career as a horn player and the first American in Leipzig’s Gewandhaus orchestra. “E-flat is always a horn player’s homiest key.” And in this piece, he says, “everything we play sounds good.”
For Jauvon Gilliam, the NSO’s principal timpanist, one of the challenges is the timpani cadenza, with the piano soloist, that closes out the final movement. Gilliam is no stranger to the part; this season, he’s already played it with three orchestras. “Every soloist wants it different,” he says.
Gilliam’s favorite part of the piece comes at the end of the second movement, when the whole orchestra suddenly shifts down a half-step, from the unusual B major to B-flat, before rocketing off into the final movement.
“There’s not even a chord to transition,” he says. “It just sort of drops. In [Beethoven’s] time, that was brand-new. It’s one of those moments where you know it’s coming, you take a deep breath, close your eyes, and let it sink in, each night.” Gilliam can do that, because in the second movement, he doesn’t have to play.
For orchestra players, a concerto, even one as long and demanding as the Emperor, can represent a bit of a reprieve. “It’s not as intense an experience as doing one of the symphonies,” says Foster, the violist. The focus is on the soloist, who has to deliver some 40 minutes of high-wire playing, at the upper and lower extremes of the instrument, with all ears upon him.
“You think, ‘Oh, gosh, I might not be able to make it,” says pianist Pierre-Laurent Aimard, who played the piece with the Concertgebouw at the Kennedy Center last week. Aimard is well known for contemporary music and has played some of the thorniest works by Boulez, Stockhausen and Ligeti. But of the fifth concerto, he says, “every time it’s an impressive challenge. Not only because it’s so long, but because the form is so strong, and every gesture, every moment should be so fully nourished somewhere. You think, ‘I hope this time it will work.’ ”
Audiences may focus more on melodic lines; musicians focus on key signatures — that odd B major in the second movement — and structure. For Gianandrea Noseda, music director of the NSO, this big, generous piece shows that “even in a very orthodox way of composing, Beethoven couldn’t be orthodox.”
Noseda points to the unusual opening, in which the orchestra strikes three basic chords — “any student of composition can do that” — followed by three piano cadenzas, moments of free-flowing, exposed playing from the soloist. Only then does the orchestra come in with the main theme. “You are already one minute and a half into the concerto,” Noseda says, “and you start the concerto from scratch.”
“It creates twice a surprise,” Aimard says. “You have three piano cadenzas at the start, and then when the piano is supposed to come in” after the orchestra’s opening theme, “instead of coming in in a glorious way, the piano comes in in a discreet way and sings the main theme in a very intimate way, so it’s a second surprise.”
“Then,” he continues, “at the end of the piece, you get another cadenza, but it’s a timpani cadenza with piano accompaniment” — a quiet moment, furthermore, when you might expect bombast. “The whole thing is upside down.”
Every work of orchestral music is a mosaic of myriad considerations, thoughts, phrasings and experiences in performance. This concerto used to be perceived as monumental (listen to the George Szell recording with Leon Fleisher from 1961), but today, as Kostov points out, it’s the style of many conductors to lead Classical-era pieces — the music of Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven — “much lighter and much happier, so it’s not as intense.” (Noseda has demonstrated this approach with the NSO.) Yet Aimard ultimately sees the piece in light of its own history, written at a time when Napoleon’s forces were besieging Vienna.
“It is anything but monumental, anything but beautiful and aesthetic,” he says. “It is a shout for freedom.”
“When it comes to musicians,” Kostov says, “the performance is just 1 percent of what happens underneath.” | <urn:uuid:90ca745c-3ecd-43c7-bc60-40486e139e60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/the-best-way-to-understand-a-beethoven-concerto-from-a-musicians-point-of-view/2019/02/15/133712f0-2ee4-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958616 | 1,964 | 1.992188 | 2 |
An employment contract can be concluded for a limited term or an unlimited term pursuant to the laws of the United Arab Emirates ("UAE"). The nature of the contract specifically has an impact on termination modalities as well as entitlements to severance pay and compensation.
What is a limited term contract?
A limited term contract is concluded for a fixed period of time. It therefore stipulates a commencement date as well as an expiry date and generally ends automatically at the end of the agreed term. An additional declaration of termination by the parties for bringing the employment relation to an end is not required unless otherwise provided for in the contract.
What is the possible duration of a limited term contract?
According to Federal Law No. 8 of 1980 as amended ("UAE Labour Law"), the contractual term may not exceed four years.
By contrast, Ministerial Resolution No. 765 of 2015 ("Resolution") determines a maximum term of two years. Despite the fact that the Resolution’s scope of legal relevance is considered ambiguous, the local authority responsible for employment relations on state territory, i.e. the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation, implements the Resolution by no longer providing standard employment contracts for a time period exceeding two years.
What constitutes an unlimited term employment relation?
An unlimited term contract is in place when an employment has been concluded for an open-ended period of time and, thus, does not determine a fixed date of expiry. Additionally, those types of employment relationships are considered unlimited that have either been concluded verbally, that lack a specific timely determination or that have actually been continued by the parties beyond their initial date of expiration without entering into a renewed limited term contract.
Do parties have a choice regarding the nature of the employment contract?
In state territory as well as in most free zones of the UAE, the contractual parties may choose which type of contract should govern their employment relationship. However, some free zones, such as the Jebel Ali Free Zone and the International Humanitarian City, are solely issuing limited term contracts at present.
May a limited term contract be renewed upon its expiry?
The parties of a limited term employment relationship are free to renew their contract for another term if so desired. The number of consecutively renewed limited term contracts (so-called chain contracts) is not restricted. The employee’s period of employment with the company continues with every renewed limited term contract or with the conversion of a limited term relationship into an unlimited one.
Does a notice period have to be observed before terminating a limited term contract early?
The UAE Labour Law does contain regulations on a notice period for early termination of a limited term contract. Consequently, those types of contracts may be terminated early at any time. However, the terminating party might subsequently be liable to pay damages to the other party.
The Resolution provides for a notice period between one month and three months for any renewed limited term contract. Should the parties not have agreed on such notice period, a fixed three-month notice period shall apply.
What is the notice period for an unlimited term contract?
An unlimited term contract can be terminated by both the employer and the employee by observing a notice period of at least 30 days provided that the parties have not contractually agreed on a longer notice period. The employment relationship continues for the duration of the notice period and therefore is part of the employee’s period of employment with the company.
While the UAE Labour Law does not determine a maximum period of notice, the Resolution draws the limit at three months.
What effect does the early termination of a limited term contract have on the employee’s entitlement to severance pay?
An employee who terminates his contract early whilst not having served at least five years with the company will lose his entitlement to severance pay according to Articles 132 ff. UAE Labour Law.
If, on the other hand, the employer initiates the termination, the employee’s entitlement to severance pay will remain unaffected.
How does the termination of an unlimited term contract by the employee affect his entitlement to severance pay?
If an employee terminates an employment relationship that has existed one year, but not yet more than three years, his entitlement to severance pay reduces to one third of the original amount. If the employment relationship has existed longer than three, but not more than five years, he is entitled to two-thirds of his initial severance pay. However, if the employment relationship has continued for more than five years, the employee will receive the full amount of his severance pay regardless of his decision to terminate.
Is the employee liable for compensation payments if he terminates a limited term contract early?
In case of an early termination by the employee, he will be liable for compensation payments towards his employer if none of the reasons of termination for good cause according to Article 121 UAE Labour Law can be assessed. Unless the contract stipulates otherwise, the amount of payable compensation is either capped at a maximum of one and a half monthly salaries or capped at the salary that the employee would have been entitled to until the expiration of the contract, whichever amount is less.
The Resolution specifies a fixed compensation of a three-month salary for any renewed limited term contract provided that no lower amount has been agreed upon.
Is the employer obliged to compensate the employee if he terminates the employment relationship early?
As per UAE Labour Law, if the employer terminates an employment relationship early, he must compensate the employee in the amount of up to three-month salary or, respectively, the salary that the employee would have been entitled to until the expiry of the employment relationship, whichever amount is less. The aforementioned holds true unless grounds for termination for good cause according to Article 120 UAE Labour Law exist or the employment contract contains differing provisions.
However, the Resolution determines a fixed amount of a three-month salary for renewed limited term contracts, provided that the parties have not agreed upon a lower amount.
Do compensation claims exist in case of a termination of an unlimited term contract?
If one party fully or partially does not abide by the contractually stipulated notice period, he will be liable for compensation towards the other party. The amount of compensation is determined according to the employee’s last paid salary for the (remaining) notice period. The other party thereby does not need to actually sustain any damages.
If the employer terminates without a valid reason, the employee is entitled to a compensation of up to three months salary. The exact amount will be determined by the court in case of a dispute. A corresponding right of the employer in case of termination by the employee does not exist.
Which is the preferred type of employment contract?
Whether the conclusion of a limited term or an unlimited term contract is the most suitable must be determined on a case-by-case basis.
A limited term contract, for example, might be preferable for an employer who is engaged in project business, who solely plans to fill a vacancy temporarily, such as in case of a maternity leave replacement, or who has only limited funds available for a certain job position, which would often be the case with start-up companies. | <urn:uuid:2d9a52f0-b204-412a-b93f-aca70551c815> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://anders.ae/en/services/employment/publication/in-focus-limited-term-and-unlimited-term-employment-contracts-under-the-laws-of-the-united-arab-emirates | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954431 | 1,457 | 1.765625 | 2 |
NSF International has announced new requirements inNSF/ANSI Standard 61: Drinking Water System Components -- Health Effectsfor regenerated and reactivated media used to treat public drinking water supplies. Most U.S. states currently require media and other products used to treat public drinking water to be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 61 in order to verify that they will not contribute harmful levels of contaminants into drinking water.
requirements establish criteria for the inspection of regeneration facilities
and periodic testing of regenerated media by certification organizations.
NSF/ANSI Standard 61 also requires that the regeneration and reactivation facilities
have a robust quality system, which includes ongoing evaluation of contaminants
in the raw source water being treated and an evaluation of the regeneration
process to verify removal of these contaminants.
61 originally addressed only virgin media and did not contain criteria for
facilities to use regenerated or reactivated media capable of achieving the
same treatment objectives at a reduced operating cost. Spent process media
generated by drinking water treatment plants can be readily treated and
processed at licensed regeneration facilities and returned for several
regeneration cycles to the water treatment facility. While NSF/ANSI
Standard 61 sets strict traceability requirements to help ensure utilities
receive back the same media they sent to be treated, the standard also allows
for commingling of media from several utilities as long as the purchasers
or pooling of media from multiple drinking water utilities is an important
aspect since it allows for the certification of regeneration companies that
provide services to very small public water systems,” said Cynthia Klevens,
P.E., sanitary engineer from the New Hampshire Department of Environmental
Services. “New Hampshire requires all products that come into contact with
drinking water to be certified under the appropriate NSF/ANSI standards.
Without this certification and the associated safeguards it incorporates, we
were unable to approve the use of regenerated media for these small systems,
who are most in need of maintaining reasonable operating costs for their
on NSF/ANSI Standard 61
The requirements were recently incorporated into NSF/ANSI Standard 61, a
standard that includes procedures to evaluate products that are used to treat
and distribute public drinking water supplies and to screen out those products
that could contribute excessive levels of contaminants into drinking water.
Products covered in the standard include: pipes and related products;
protective and barrier materials (including cements/coatings); joining and
sealing materials (including gaskets, adhesives, lubricants); process media
(including carbon, sand, zeolite, ion exchange media); mechanical devices (including
water meters, in-line valves, filters, process equipment); mechanical plumbing
devices (faucets, drinking fountains, and components); and potable water
materials (non-metallic materials).
information on NSF/ANSI Standard 61 requirements, visitwww.nsf.org.
NSF/ANSI Standard 61: New Requirements for Regenerated Water Treatment Media
April 8, 2009 | <urn:uuid:f9180295-5e91-4a8e-8f89-83c02a05e5be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pmengineer.com/articles/89182-nsf-ansi-standard-61-new-requirements-for-regenerated-water-treatment-media | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.904869 | 673 | 2.390625 | 2 |
9010 35th Ave. S.W.
Join us to hear Bainbridge Island educator Roberta Newland and her co-author (and son) John Newland-Thompson discuss their book The Cle Elum Fire of 1918 from Images of America series.
On June 25, 1918, a hot, windy day fire tore through the small town of Cle Elum. Caused by a spark of unknown origin in the center of town, the fire destroyed the majority of the town to the east and left 1,800 people homeless–nearly the equivalent of today’s population. The authors, whose ancestor’s barbershop was lost in the blaze, will describe this town of immigrants before the fire, the fire itself, and the rebuilding process.
Roberta Newland is a Bainbridge Island educator who has researched many historic preservation projects. Her co-author, John Newland-Thompson, is a writer and editor. They published The Cle Elum Fire of 1918 on the fire’s centennial in 2018.
Presented in partnership with the Southwest Seattle Historical Society.
This event is at the Southwest branch library.
Library events and programs are free and everyone is welcome. Registration is not required.
Space is limited at library events. Please come early to make sure you get a seat. Due to the fire code, we can’t exceed the maximum capacity for our rooms. | <urn:uuid:bda11ece-bba8-49d0-8a84-93b0d5993730> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://westseattleblog.com/event/words-writers-west-seattle-with-roberta-newland-and-john-newland-thompson/?instance_id=633634 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.941121 | 296 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Largetooth Sawfish are a threatened species. Historically overfishing and loss of habitat have contributed to the decline of the species. In September 2012 Rita Pirak discovered nine small sawfish stranded in an isolated floodplain waterhole. Rita knew the sawfish were uncommon because she had been helping Charles Darwin University scientist Peter Kyne with his field work, monitoring the movements of sawfish in the Northern Territory’s largest perennial river, the Daly river. This short video documents the rescue.
Thomas Schroeder explains how remote sensing is used to monitor the Van Diemen Gulf.
How well do we know the aquatic plants and animals of northern rivers, wetlands and estuaries?
Some species of fish that look the same are actually different species and new species are still being discovered. Scientist Mark Kennard explains that the Daly River has a high biodiversity value with an array of different fish species. Understanding these different aquatic plants and animals is important in order to effectively manage for long-term resilience.
What is under the surface of tropical floodplains in Kakadu National Park? Tiffanie Nelson explains.
Marine turtle and dugong are priority species for the Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corporation’s Uunguu Rangers as well as federal conservation management plans. A new way to monitor these populations has been developed by the project team using a boat-based methodology. The team consists of the Ranger group, the North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance Ltd (NAILSMA) and CSIRO.
Any decisions about water allocation need to be transparent, and take into the account the needs of other users. In this short video Professor Stuart Bunn and Professor Poh Ling-Tan describe their research findings in relation to people’s attitudes about water planning in northern Australia.
In this short video Professor Natalie Stoeckl and Joe Morrison explain why Indigenous people may actually be worse off as a result of conventional development in northern Australia.
River experts believe that a two-tiered approach to monitoring river health in the wet-dry tropics is required. In this short video Professor Michael Douglas talks about some of the challenges of monitoring river health across such a vast and sparsely populated landscape.
Showing 97-95 of 95 results, page 9 of 8. | <urn:uuid:65005f83-adae-4cae-a2f9-02b4580fd798> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nesplandscapes.edu.au/resources/videos/?sf_paged=9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.927104 | 464 | 3.40625 | 3 |
A multifunctional soil testing device is used to increase the yield of agricultural goods. By analyzing the soil's subsistence, this device assists in reducing the amount of fertilizer used while increasing the yield of highly nutritious food crops. To recommend a crop for the field based on the mobility of the soil.
By logging into the website with a farmer ID, you can access the data about the minerals that are readily available in the soil that has been uploaded to the cloud. Anywhere you can evaluate the nutritional information received from the agricultural land. To assess data from anywhere, all you need is a mobile phone with an internet connection.
The evolution of staple food crops has always been linked to agriculture.
More than 70% of people directly earn their living from agriculture. Farmers typically fertilize the soil at regular times. without any means of determining the soil's nutrient level. This can occasionally result in the abuse of fertilizers and even result in crop damage. The opposite is also conceivable with insufficient fertilizations, as the corps won't receive enough nutrients, leading to a low yield. Therefore, if farmers are aware of the nutritional deficiencies in their soil, they may treat it appropriately, improving production and avoiding crop harm from excessive fertilizer use. Farmers can learn which crops are best for their soil by evaluating the data that has been gathered about it. Using PH values, it is possible to assess the water quality in the soil. | <urn:uuid:4bae0c54-45a9-4f69-83ed-e612ee0cfdca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://contest.techbriefs.com/2022/entries/electronics-sensors-iot/11987 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957477 | 284 | 3.171875 | 3 |
ETYM Latin tautologia: cf. French tautologie.
1. Useless repetition.
2. (In logic) A statement that is necessarily true.
Repetition of sense of word(s) in other unnecessary words. Repetition of the same thing in different words. For example, it is tautologous to say that something is most unique, since something unique cannot, by definition, be comparative.
Ponavljanje jedne misli istim ili različitim rečima, npr.: Obožati idole i kumira; Uzmimo, naprimer, sledeći primer. | <urn:uuid:7f32faef-2856-4166-9cd6-62cfdd82a8f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlinerecnik.com/recnik/engleski/srpski/tautology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.72372 | 146 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Mahesh Dattani on his play Final Solutions and how theatre has always been a place of uncertainty for him
Bengaluru-based theatre group Alchemy Theatre Society performed the last show of Final Solutions at Jagriti Theatre on Sunday
Although India and Pakistan underwent the horrific and bloody partition in 1947, the aftermath of the event leaves a pang even today. From hatred to stereotypes and religious conflicts to communalism, the emotions run high between the two communities. This is what Mahesh Dattani seeks to explore in his play Final Solutions, which was written in the late ’80s.
Bengaluru-based theatre group Alchemy Theatre Society performed the last show of Final Solutions at Jagriti Theatre on Sunday to throw light on the different shades of the communalist attitude between two communities. Written by Dattani, the story is a result of his interaction and observations on the riots in Ahmedabad.
“I wrote this play in the late ’80s at the request of my mentor and theatre personality Alyque Padamsee. The story is a result of several interviews with people who experienced riots in Ahmedabad, and also personal stories of Muslims and Hindus who helped save people during riots. The narrative by the young bride in the story was inspired by my mother’s stories of her childhood in Jamnagar,” says Dattani.
While it may have been a hit here, the story faced many obstacles over the years. According to Dattani, the first show in 1991 was canceled due to the “incident” in Ayodhya. “After 1991, it actually took two more years for the play to be staged in Bengaluru which was being organised by an NGO. In fact, Padamsee produced the play in Bombay and toured with it to all the major cities. However, there has been no criticism of the play’s political content,” says Dattani, who went on to receive the Sahitya Akademi Award for Final Solutions.
Dattani’s journey with theatre started at the early age of 12. His ambition to pursue it more seriously grew only when he joined a theatre group in Bengaluru. “I was always fascinated by the world of theatre after seeing a play for the first time when I was 12. Many years later, I joined an amateur theatre group called Bangalore Little Theatre,” he says.
“Theatre showed me a world of possibilities where stories are re-written or created afresh, where there is a direct interaction with audiences, and I am free to express and explore the human condition as I experience it and observe it around me,” says Dattani, who also started his own theatre company called Playpen in the ’80s.
Dattani has also worked on plays like Dance Like A Man, Thirty Days in September, Big Fat City. The story behind many of these plays has been inspired by Dattani’s view of the world and how people respond to certain emotions in their own unique way.
“ There are multiple perspectives to a story. The more I write, the greater the inadequacy to fully explore all perspectives. We are bonded through timeless and universal human concerns and yet each one of us is so unique. What makes us unique is how we see the world and our responses to it. That is what makes every story so unique,” says Dattani.
Describing his journey as a theatre personality, he says that his career was filled with uncertainty. “I don’t think I ever wanted to do anything else apart from theatre. It hasn’t always been easy and there is always the insecurity of what the future will hold. Success or sustenance is not guaranteed. I have been praised and criticised for my works. Through the years, I have taken both in my stride,” says Dattani. | <urn:uuid:d06b8b8d-23b5-4fa6-b6e6-a23fe95eb920> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/theater/2021/dec/20/mahesh-dattani-on-his-play-final-solutions-and-how-theatre-has-alwaysbeen-a-place-of-uncertainty-fo-37877.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.981482 | 808 | 1.554688 | 2 |
NEW YORK – The president of the World Jewish Congress (WJC), Ronald S. Lauder, today expressed disappointment with Greece for its continued failure to adopt new legislation to combat hate speech, racism and the denial of the Holocaust. “It is very worrying that the mainstream parties in Athens are apparently unable to find a compromise on this important matter. Hate mongers and extremists such as the leaders of Golden Dawn are not only a threat to minorities such as the Jews; they are a threat to democracy as a whole. Hence, they ought to be fought vigorously by all democratic forces, and with the full force of the law,” Lauder declared.
On Monday, a meeting of the leaders of the parties that form the Greek government on this issue broke up without an agreement. A draft bill by the Greek Justice Ministry is reportedly being opposed by Prime Minister Antonis Samaras’s New Democracy party, which argues that existing legislation suffices in order to deal with racism and hate speech.
According to media reports, the bill would outlaw public incitement against people because of their race, religion, ethnicity or sexual orientation, and impose jail sentences of up to six years on offenders. It would also include hate speeches made in Parliament. Moreover, political parties that receive public funding would see that funding suspended if their leaders publicly deny the Holocaust, take part in racist attacks or use Nazi salutes or symbols in Parliament.
In March 2013, the WJC held a meeting of its Executive Committee in the Greek city of Thessaloniki. It urged “the Greek authorities to: take serious and concerted actions against Holocaust denial, anti-Semitism, racism and xenophobia; implement all relevant European laws in that domain; and unite all democratic forces against the enemies of democracy, so as not to allow society to drift into the darkness of racial hatred and anti-Semitism.”
At the time, WJC President Ronald S. Lauder and Greek Jewish Community President David Saltiel also held talks with Samaras in which they raised the danger posed by the extreme-right and anti-Semitic Golden Dawn movement.
About the World Jewish Congress
The World Jewish Congress (WJC) is the international organization representing Jewish communities in 100 countries to governments, parliaments and international organizations. | <urn:uuid:6551b05d-dae5-4679-9a67-966232d03197> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/greece-wjc-laments-failure-by-governing-parties-to-agree-on-bill-against-hate-speech | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960502 | 459 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Starting from birth, kids come with stuff. Lots. Of. Stuff. Experts on child development say that children as early as age two can learn chores and make an important contribution to the family’s cleanliness. Teaching kids to be tidy and organized can set them up for easier transitions into school and make it easier for them to be social.
One method organized families use to keep things tidy is the Basket Method. This method incorporates baskets to help kids keep spaces clean and makes it easy for them to be responsible.
What it is- The basket method is simple. A basket is assigned to each child. There can be more than one basket if necessary. An example could be a designated laundry basket and a designated basket that remains in the living room. These are in addition to the “basket” that is primary.
How it works- The basket comes into the main living area at the beginning of the day. Throughout the day, items that belong to the child can be placed in the basket by a parent or the child as a means to keep clutter to a minimum or get the item to its proper place.
At the end of the day, the child takes the basket to their room and puts the items in their proper place. The empty basket is ready for a new day.
Why it’s awesome- The basket method is a great way to teach pride of ownership, responsibility, and respect. Being responsible for the items in the basket and seeing that they are put away teaches kids to participate in the chores without feeling overwhelmed.
Picking up one basket at the end of the day feels less intimidating than rounding up multiple items. Moms and dads don’t mind tossing a stray shoe or book into a basket that they know their kid is going to take to their room.
Other ways to use the basket method:
The basket method is a great way to streamline many sorts of chores. Here are some other ways to use the method.
If you have a multi-level home, you can keep a basket at the foot of the stairs to capture items that need to go up.
Keep a basket in the garage to unload the car and bring loose items into the house. Toss the items into the kids’ baskets and you can avoid lost sports gear, coats, and other important items.
Teaching kids the importance of being tidy helps them adjust and adapt to new situations easier. Knowing the importance of being a part of a team and how to take care of their belongings helps them contribute to the family in a meaningful way.
Having kids who manage their belongings on their own makes mom and dad’s lives a bit easier too.
The basket method is a great way to help kids and the home stay organized. | <urn:uuid:f807aea8-e640-493a-9f13-aef8e2e2072a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slysthelimit.com/the-basket-method-to-keep-kids-organized/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.949927 | 574 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Listening to BBC Radio 4 Today (08 Feb 2018), an interesting discussion between Economics Editor Kamal Ahmed and Today presenter Justin Webb took place regarding the changing working environment. The feature included some key statements that got the Nowcomm team thinking about how vital the management of people and business processes are alongside the introduction of potential technology enablers.
In the Today broadcast, Kamal commented that the whole world of work is “on the cusp of a real revolution” and offered the view that the world of business “is now moving over this cusp, where ever that takes us or whatever that means”. Justin also covered how the working models of the 20th century; with traditional set hours and fixed location practices has now moved into the 21st century model of people willing (and indeed demanding) to be able to work with a much greater level of flexibility, particularly in terms of locations and working hours.
So how do organisations accommodate the demands above? How do we take advantage of these new models in the workforce? Furthermore, businesses are experiencing higher expectations from their customers, who increasingly demand greater flexibility and adaptability of the services and products they wish to consume.
Long-commuting has a significant impact on employee’s well-being and productivity.
Research from the Office of National Statistics shows that feelings of happiness and life satisfaction decrease, and feelings of anxiety increase with every increasing minute of travel to work. Few of us are strangers to the struggles of commuting, but as managers and mentors, it’s a difficult starting point if our team members are already feeling stressed, fatigued and even irate by the time we arrive at our workplace, especially when research shows that great business and innovation happens when employees are happy and well.
According to the BBC in 2016, the average daily commute for UK workers had risen to 2-hours, due to many people living further away from their workplace and the continued gridlock and overstretched travel network available to the public. According to a study by Mercer commuting was shown to have a significant impact on mental well-being; those with longer commutes were 33% more likely to suffer from depression, 37% more likely to have financial concerns and 12% more likely to report multiple dimensions of work-related stress.
Flexible working boosts organisational productivity
So, what can be done about addressing this issue from impacting the productivity and creativity that organisations desperately need (Low skills and poor infrastructure blamed for UK productivity gap – ft.com 4 September 2017)? We can’t exactly stop the daily commute from happening, but there are ways to work around it. A study commissioned by VitalityHealth, University of Cambridge, RAND Europe and Mercer found that flexible working had a beneficial impact on workers compared to those with no flexible working arrangement, and gained 5 additional productive days a year by working this way. Through flexible working, employees can work smarter, fit their workload around existing commitments and be more productive. Whether it’s embraced or not, we must accept that the changing working environment means the world is slowly but surely transitioning to a more flexible working model.
So how can we support our employees through a flexible working initiative and ensure the organisation can cater for this through internal processes, systems and technology? Typically, when our customers approach us they tell us they want their users to be able to securely connect to the corporate network remotely, across any device and at any time or location. Typically, we deliver a range of benefits under an ‘agile working’, ‘teleworking’ or ‘digital transformation’ initiative. Delivering such capabilities to the organisation and the workforce involves joining up wireless, mobility, security, network and system policy access to provide employees with the tools, secure file access and platforms to communicate and collaborate optimally from any location. In a nutshell, the underlying technology being integrated and interlocked with the business process that creates the environment for flexible and agile working to be embraced and make the organisation more productive not simply the same.
Commuting to work during severe weather conditions can cause a loss of productivity and a cost to businesses and your employees.
Adverse winter weather isn’t particularly surprising. Yet winter snow, ice and storms all seem to result in lost productivity due to travel delays on UK roads and railways each year and produce major knock-on effects to the cost and efficiency of doing business. Further, extreme environmental issues may now occur more frequently than perhaps was experienced half a century ago given wider climate change issues. An example being the increase and frequency in unexpected flash flooding that has affected many different cities and regions of the UK over recent years.
Whilst the mantra “expect the unexpected” holds true in all areas of business and personal life, flexible working models also deliver risk management and mitigation that can enhance and protect against business-affecting issues, like those mentioned above. Organisations that are built to offer workforce flexibility can naturally operate with the agility to seamlessly work around unforeseen problems as and when they occur. It is these flexible organisations that can always maintain the highest levels of productivity and performance. Such organisations do not simply achieve “some level” of business continuity, rather they continually operate business at their usual high standard and with all the advantages this provides. That’s another business benefit of delivering flexible working features and solutions in addition to having more creative, engaged and innovative employees delivering excellent services to the organisation’s customer base.
How has staff illness been for your organisation this year?
According to the ONS, 27 million working days are lost each year due to minor illnesses such as common coughs and colds. We’ve all been in the position where we’re too ill to travel to the office and would rather avoid people to not spread further germs, but we are well enough to continue working during the day (indeed we’d welcome the distraction from the coughing and spluttering). Again, the ability to provide a flexible working environment in terms of location and hours ensures organisations continue to maximise available team resources and maintain high levels of productivity. Staff can feel less stressed by keeping on top of their work list, and often better by having a distraction or motivator to help beat the ailment, and the wider office remains a safer place with fewer germs spreading across the company location. In the UK, the end of 2017 and the first months of 2018 have seen an unusually high incident rate of heavy colds and influenza affect the population. How affected has your staff and your organisation been during this time, and how easy, compelling and effectively was it for team workers to connect and work in the business, whilst being located outside of the business?
Flexible working and cloud services require rethinking the approach to data security.
Devising and implementing a flexible working solution that provides your employees with the ability to connect to the corporate network securely, and deliver the same level of work and services from a remote location as would be expected from the corporate office. For those with constant contact with customers, suppliers and business stakeholders, a stable and clear video and voice capability is paramount to enhance and improve the effectiveness of many daily activities. Does your existing network cater to maintain video and voice quality for remote workers? Are your employees able to benefit from the same high-performance network with full IP telephony, wireless and data services that they would while in office? Have you taken precautions to ensure workers can safely connect to both the home and corporate network without the risk of malware being carried over to your corporate network posing serious ramifications to your organisation?
As some of your employees may be regularly moving between offices and locations it is vital that you can enforce corporate-level security and web access policies wherever they are. We would recommend implementing a secure mobility solution that would allow workers to roam while ensuring security and data compliance. When thinking of secure mobility, how is the organisation delivering that across the cloud platforms that we all consume? Are we simply leaving it to the cloud providers themselves and hoping they have it covered?
Or are we implementing our own security solutions into and across the cloud and if not – how are we ensuring consistent organisation policy now that users can avoid the traditional need of connecting to our data via legacy virtual private network (VPN) links of the past two decades? With applications increasingly running their own encryption within the application service itself, how do traditional network security platforms identify and prevent malicious activity when such activity is both hidden and protected by an application’s own embedded encryption policy? Furthermore, what is alerting our organisation when an employee logs on to their cloud service from their mobile device when at home, only for the same employee user credentials to connect into the corporate an hour later, but this time from an IP address associated with a foreign country, many hours away?
Flexible and Agile Working is new ‘normal’ in the digital world.
Whether those of us leading organisations like it or not, flexible and agile working services are expected as a standard by our customers, employees and business partners. Traditional working styles are the ‘other’ and flexible working is considered the new ‘normal’. Subsequently, are we doing enough to make this transition easier? Are we considering the fundamental three elements: people, process and technology, so that we deliver initiatives that create multiple wins and organisational benefits, rather than treating it as a policy of tick-box exercises?
If this post about flexible, agile and remote working and the opportunities for achieving the many benefits through a digital transformation project interested you please comment on our post. If you’d like to discuss in greater depth and understand the various solutions and improvements we’ve helped many organisations achieve call our team on 01332 821108 or email [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:2129a68a-5ee6-430b-b3a9-4578f972e8cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nowcomm.com/ideas-for-organisations-to-adapt-and-address-the-positive-and-negative-challenges-of-the-mobile-workforce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954128 | 1,991 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Stretch more, sit up tall, roll it out, rub out that knot,
How many times have you been given this advice?
Stretching is one way to engage with your body, but just one way.
In Osteopathy we would call this a “Direct approach”.
This says that there is a barrier and we use some force to move into or through this barrier.
I often use what is called an ‘Indirect approach’ to help my patients both in and out of the treatment room.
Let me give you a clear example,
Let’s say you wake up with a stiff neck and have trouble turning to look left. When you do, you experience resistance, stiffness, pain. At the point of movement where these symptoms start, we would say you have reached a barrier. You may also find a ‘knot’, trigger-points or bracing in the muscles here, that tighten and resist more as we move into the barrier.
Ultimately, Direct techniques are an external force, over-ruling the internal forces present in the body.....
In the “Direct” approach you would attempt to move into or through the barrier, that is, turn the head to the left. This is a valid approach and may involve stretching, articulation, or ‘cracking’ techniques. It may also involve massaging or pressing on tight muscles until they (hopefully) soften. These can all be useful at the right time and with an appropriate level of force.
Ultimately, Direct techniques are an external force, over-ruling the internal forces present in the body.
Those who use the “Indirect” approach looks at things a little differently.
In this case we would actually turn the head to the right, in the direction where the neck relaxes. Moving away from the tension (barrier), towards a position where the body relaxes. We call this a point of Ease.
Ultimately Indirect techniques are listening to and supporting the forces already present in the body.
Let me explain.
Restricting the motion of your neck is a risky thing to do. It limits your ability to navigate safely through the world, it causes you pain and distress, and it uses a lot of energy to contract all those muscles and ligaments. For the body to do something so drastic, it must have a pretty good reason.
What is the reason? This is a whole post on it’s own, but put simply, the body is concerned that turning left will lead to damage or injury and produces soft tissue guarding and pain in an attempt to stop you doing it. It is a highly effective protective mechanism and one that you should be glad to have.
So the body tries to hold your neck to the right, away from the potentially dangerous position. Note I said potentially dangerous. The body leans on the side of caution when it comes to these things.
Indirect techniques move away from the Danger/Barrier into safety/ease. By following the subtle relaxations we can position the body so that there are no more danger signals firing. A position of radio-silence. A position where all is well. A position where the system feels safe enough to turn the volume down on those protective responses.
So, we turn the head the right, fine-tune to find the position of Ease and wait for the internal forces in the body to reorganise.
Now what happens when we bring the neck back to the left?
If there is a genuine injury like a fracture, these protective responses will thankfully turn straight back on to prevent further damage. However, in most cases, even when there is a lot of pain, there is no fracture or other serious injury. So, now when we bring the neck back left, there is no reason for your body to prevent you from doing so. The soft tissues relax, and you regain movement and comfort.
I have found these techniques to be invaluable for myself and my patients. If a person is in a defensive state, from acute or chronic stress, injury or trauma, it is generally not useful to challenge them, poke them, pick their scabs, cause more pain. This sends signals to the centre, reinforcing that ‘I am in danger’ and need to fight/flight/freeze. By breaking this danger cycle we can bring the person back to a state of wellness where the natural healing processes of the body can take over.
So, if you have a lingering complaint that isn’t resolving, or have been pummeled once too often by other approaches, get in touch to see how an Indirect approach could help you.
While prepping for the upcoming Cultivating Presence workshop I came across the following article on the nature of friendships, and it got me thinking, got me feeling.
It is about a study finding that we are pretty poor judges of whether people we consider friends, also consider us friends. Turns out there is only "equal" affection around 50% of the time.
Interesting enough in it's own right but the last few paragraphs are key here, suggesting that feeling deep intimacy and safety activate the fabled Vagus Nerve (more likely the entire Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)) allowing us to expose our "soft underbelly", and has measurable improvements in health and longevity.
All thumbs up at this point.
It then goes on to ask about who you surround yourself with.
"So it’s worth identifying who among the many people you encounter in your life are truly friends. Who makes time for you? Whose company enlivens, enriches and maybe even humbles you? Whom would you miss? Who would miss you?"
So I am curious what would happen if this person was YOU!
If you were the one you turn to in times of need, who shows you endless compassion and love at all times. If you were the one you feel privileged to spend time with and lights up your heart when you get to spend an afternoon in the park, or a romantic dinner with.
So give yourself a hug. Take yourself on a date.
Pour yourself a big cup of self love.
Give yourself a massage, and be grateful for your presence.
These concepts and more will be explored at the upcoming Cultivating Presence Workshop.
Find out more - Cultivating Presence
One of the reasons it took me so long to present this material is that I have a strong aversion to becoming Pedestal-ed (Yes I verbified Pedestal, I'm OK with that).
While there is some amount of ego joy in being admired or respected, if this transfers over into being "looked up to" I find it becomes detrimental and restrictive. I want people to remain in their own power, to find their own path.
Yet to gain an audience to share my knowledge and experience with, I need to create some kind of persona, an identity that people recognise as worthy of allocating their time and money to listening to. I have to present my approach with the full passion that I have for it, and openly state that it is not the only path.
How do I talk myself up enough to get people to listen, and still keep the focus on the material, not the messenger?
How do I present this material with enough charisma that people will have confidence in it, while leaving enough space for people to explore their own approach?
Welcome to Supporting Presence.
This is a very quick post to welcome you to the new site and introduce myself.
My name is Dr. Andrew Carr (Osteopath), better know to all as Drew.
I have a deep love for Osteopathic philosophy and principles, and base my practice around these concepts. Unfortunately I found the clinical setting was overly restrictive in allowing these principles to be fully expressed due to time, patient expectation and medico-legal issues.
Supporting Presence is my container for the full expression of the most powerful and most efficient healing and growth tools I have experienced. This comes in the way of One-on-one sessions, group workshops to teach the tools, and group healing circles to implement these tools.
I have pooled all my knowledge, experience and training various forms of bodywork, movement practices, mindfulness and visualisation, altered state induction and Reiki to produce a health focused, strength based approach to help you move through blocks in your life, no matter what level they exist.
To find out more about this powerful work check out the link below, browse around the site, check out the Facebook page, or contact me at firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:c64cc66e-0a59-477e-b806-ae78e6207e4a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.supportingpresence.com.au/blog/category/all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.946064 | 1,899 | 2.21875 | 2 |
What are sight words?
The term “sight words” is used to describe a set of frequently occurring words that children are encouraged to recognize by sight, rather than decode using other word identification strategies. Also called high frequency words, these terms make up 50-75% of the words included in reading material published for young learners. When a child truly knows a sight word, he or she can recall it within three seconds and will not need to sound it out. This level of immediate recall is essential in developing a usable sight word vocabulary.
Why is it so important that children memorize sight words?
Learning to recognize sight words quickly and accurately leads to greater oral reading fluency and allows young readers to save their mental energy for the more challenging words they encounter while reading. Developing a sight word vocabulary can also boost children’s confidence in their own reading abilities, resulting in an increased motivation to engage in independent reading endeavors.
Which words should my child be practicing? What are Power Words?
This year, we are utilizing a new reading framework called IRLA (Independent Reading Level Assessment), which refers to sight words as “Powers Words” due to their importance to early readers. There are four lists of IRLA Power Words that we will cover in first grade that span the various levels of the IRLA system: 1 Green, 2 Green, 1 Blue, and 2 Blue. To help make practice more manageable for you and your child, I have broken each of these lists down into chunks of 10 words. At the beginning of each week, your child will receive a list of 10 words and a page of flashcards to cut and use for practice throughout the week. Your child will also be bringing home brief activity sheets that can be used to reinforce his or her recognition of these terms. Please plan to set aside five to ten minutes for practicing these words on a nightly basis, or as often as possible. *Please note: Your child does not have to return/hand in the activity sheets or flashcards; they are provided as resource for home practice so that your child has the tools needed for effective practice.
First grade is truly a pivotal year when it comes to developing a sight word bank and by doing so your child is building a foundation for further literacy development.
Thank you in advance for your support with these endeavors! | <urn:uuid:8e501fa8-872f-4e57-8392-e695fd574d9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edencsd.org/Page/5430 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960031 | 481 | 4.3125 | 4 |
Competetive exclusion between Lacerta sicula and L. melisellensis characterizes the small islands of the Adriatic Sea. In 1958 and 1959 M. Radovanovié introduced Lacerta sicula or Lacerta melisellensis onto islands exclusively occupied by the other species. During the summer of 1971 follow-up observations were made on three of these islands, two of which completely lacked representatives of the introduced species. On the third island, the introduced species appears to be replacing the native form. Minor habitat differences permit coexistence, however the situation is dynamic and probably not at equilibrium. A reciprocal introduction involving the two species on the islands of Pod Kopiŝte and Pod Mrĉaru is announced.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics | <urn:uuid:715c0a90-d2e9-4a06-b390-b4c9e272bf21> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cris.haifa.ac.il/en/publications/competitive-exclusion-between-insular-lacerta-species-sauria-lace | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.90565 | 172 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Curcumin supplementation may bolster muscle power and reduce soreness post-exercise
Clinical trial results reveal curcumin supplementation’s effectiveness in reducing muscle soreness while maintaining muscle power in healthy young adults.
Daily curcumin supplementation may support muscle health, reduce soreness and bolster power in young adults, according to a recent study published in the Journal of Dietary Supplements (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2021.1875101).
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 22 healthy young adults—5 females, 17 males aged 19-23 years—ingested capsules of either curcumin (500mg) or placebo supplementations twice a day for ten consecutive days, and performed drop jumps exercise on day 7. Blood sampling and recovery tests were carried out pre-, immediately after exercise ended, and at 24-, 48- and 72-hours post-exercise. Blood sampling involved analysis of serum creatine kinase (CK) to asses muscle damage and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which reflects inflammation.
Results showed increased CK and ESR levels in both groups, reflected that the drop jumps exercise induced muscle damage and inflammation. Curcumin supplementation significantly lowered soreness levels 24-, 48-, and 72-hours post-exercise. Further, curcumin also increased exercise performance compared to the placebo group.
Exercises with repeating movements such as running, spinning, push-ups, and weightlifting contribute to muscle fibre tears and damage. “Therefore, supplementing with curcumin, especially during times of heavy training or unaccustomed exercise (i.e., pre-season, short rest between competition, etc.) may help support training by decreasing perceived soreness and maintaining power,” the researchers concluded.
Credit : http://www.vitafoodsinsights.com | <urn:uuid:18328c45-654d-4986-9f7c-b351f64ae119> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.primotrading.co.th/articles/curcumin-supplementation-may-bolster-muscle-power-and-reduce-soreness-post-exercise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.92108 | 392 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Two approaches to boosting obese men’s fertility have been presented at the annual meeting of the Endocrine Society.
The first suggested that obese men who lost weight were more likely get their partners pregnant.
The second found that letrozole, a cancer drug, helped some infertile men have children.
Experts said the approaches were interesting alternatives to IVF and were opening up “real possibilities” for men.
Weight loss is already widely advised for women struggling to conceive and obesity has long been suspected as a factor in male infertility.
In 65 couples who had been referred to a fertility clinic, the men were sent to weekly group sessions on nutrition and physical activity for a year.
The study showed the men who conceived were those who had lost the most weight.
The research group said they were “thrilled” by the results.
One of the researchers, Dr. Jean-Patrice Baillargeon, said: “This is the first prospective study suggesting that male partners who improve their weight also increase the odds for the couple to conceive.”
The second study focused on the chemical letrozole, which has been used in breast cancer and as a fertility treatment in women.
Letrozole can stop testosterone being broken down into oestrogen.
Trials took place on 12 men who had developed hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, a form of infertility, as a result of their obesity.
Two were able to have babies after being infertile for at least three years.
Dr. Lena Salgado, from the University of Montreal, said: “Letrozole is a very attractive fertility treatment with obesity-related hypogonadism.” | <urn:uuid:f67d2ebb-7c0e-47b6-91ea-b483b10f70fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bellenews.com/2015/03/07/health/weight-loss-and-letrozole-boost-male-fertility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.986039 | 361 | 2 | 2 |
An Impossible Foods burger displays at Wegmans store.
A European Union court granted Impossible Foods a preliminary injunction that means Nestlé S.A. will have to stop using the product name Incredible Burger.
Although impossible and incredible are very different words, a statement released by Impossible Foods said the District Court of The Hague in a May 27th ruling found that the use of “Incredible Burger” in Europe infringed upon Impossible Foods’ Impossible trademarks, including Impossible Burger, and was likely to confuse customers. As a result, Nestlé subsidiaries in Europe are prohibited from branding products “Incredible Burger.” If they fail to remove the infringing branding within four weeks, each of 10 separate Nestlé subsidiaries involved in the case would be subject to steep financial penalties.
“People specifically seek out Impossible Burger because it’s a superior product unique in the world of plant-based food,” said Dana Wagner, Impossible Foods’ Chief Legal Officer. “While we applaud other companies’ efforts to develop plant-based products, we don’t want consumers confused by simulacra. We’re grateful that the court recognized the importance of our trademarks and supported our efforts to protect our brand against incursion from a powerful multinational giant.”
In its ruling, Impossible Foods said the European court endorsed the validity of the Impossible Burger trademark and noted the visual, phonetic and conceptual similarities between that trademark and Nestlé’s “Incredible Burger” branding and it cited considerable evidence that consumers and commentators were actually confused by the similarity in names. The court also stated that Nestlé, the world’s largest food company, appeared to have deliberately tried to impede Impossible Foods’ entry into the European market hoping to capitalize on the strength of Impossible Foods’ brand by promoting its own plant-based foods under a similar name. | <urn:uuid:e2ef597e-7d13-4ada-9fce-4e36e768823e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://retailleader.com/impossible-foods-wins-burger-battle-court | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.934378 | 383 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Personal data is any information that can be used to identify you. For Mox (Mox/we/us), your personal data is very important. What we can learn from or about you helps us to deliver smart banking to you.
1. What information of yours do we hold and who do we collect it from?
Information submitted by you:
Identity data means your personal information you give to us when you apply for our products or services, or enter a Mox competition or game, e.g. your name, date of birth, identity card number, correspondence address, phone number, email address, nationality, credit-related information or even other data such as selfies.
Communications data includes how you want us to contact you and your preferences for the marketing we send you.
Information we collect about you and your device:
Financial data includes your Mox Card number, transactions conducted through your Mox Account or any of your Goal accounts and any data on other Mox products and services you use.
Technical data means details such as your mobile network, operating system, IP address, and the settings and technology on your mobile phone.
Usage data includes information about how you use our website, the Mox app and products and services.
Information from you (or created by you) which you may give us permission to see, for the purposes of providing products or services to you:
Your contacts list, to facilitate payments and transactions between you and your contacts.
Your geolocation, to help you onboard as a Mox customer and for other security and compliance checks while using our products and services.
Your facial image data from your camera, to help you onboard as a Mox customer and so that we can confirm your identity.
Information that you may provide to us, including information that you may post on our website and social network sites, to enable us to communicate with you and to provide products and services to you.
Information from third parties which helps us deliver our products and services:
General due diligence includes data that the law requires us to process about you in relation to illegal activities involving money.
Financial due diligence includes data we receive from credit reference agencies to help with responsible lending decisions.
2. How do we protect your data?
Some of the security measures we use to protect your data include:
Firewalls – like a security guard whose job it is to decide who can access a building, firewalls proactively block certain information flows to our app by screening the flows based on a set of rules that Mox will set.
Intrusion detection systems (“IDS”) – like a security camera, IDS monitor information flows for patterns of activity that don’t look normal and might signal an attack on our app.
24/7 physical protection of facilities where your data is stored.
Background checks on people that need access to those physical facilities to do their job.
We also use digital signatures and encryption. Encryption changes your data into a code that can only be read by Mox and some of our trusted partners who need access to it. We always encrypt your data using the highest standards of security technology.
Encryption helps to ensure:
we can confirm the identity of the user;
we can prove that a transaction took place on the instruction of a specific person;
we can make sure that personal data is kept private by keeping the information hidden; and
we can ensure that the personal data was not changed during transfer or storage by someone without authority.
We always need your help to keep your data secure. Please let us know immediately if your data may have been lost or stolen, or if you think someone has used it without your permission.
3. Automated decisions and profiling
We may use algorithms when considering and processing your application for Mox products and services. The algorithms provide automatic assessments and decisions based on the personal data collected in accordance with our PICS. The parameters used in these assessments have been selected to provide a fair and objective assessment of your personal data and have been tested for reliability and fairness. If we are uncertain about the accuracy of the personal data that will be used in an algorithmic assessment, we may ask you to clarify any such personal data.
At Mox, we pride ourselves on putting the customer first. So, if you need any additional information about our privacy policies and practices or if you have a complaint then please give us a chance to put things right by messaging us through the Mox app, sending an email (email@example.com), giving us a call (Tel: 2888 8228) or reaching us by post (Address: Data Protection Officer, 39/F, Oxford House, Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong).
You can also refer your complaint to the Hong Kong Monetary Authority or the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data.
5. Linked websites
This policy does not apply to third-party websites where our online advertisements are displayed or to linked third-party websites which we do not operate or control.
Last updated: 14 August 2020
Personal Information Collection Statement (“PICS”)
Mox (Mox/we/us) will collect your personal data to help us operate as a bank. Broadly, Mox will collect, process and store the personal data you provide to us (such as your name, date of birth, identity card number, correspondence address, phone number, email address, nationality, credit- related information or even “sensitive” data such as your facial image, and videos and voice recordings of you that you make while communicating with us) to keep you and Mox secure, meet our business obligations and comply with the law. This includes establishing, maintaining and operating your Mox Account or other accounts, Mox Card (and any other Mox product or service you use), also providing rewards and running competitions and games. The provisions of this PICS form part of the account terms and conditions (including the terms applicable to your use of our App) and any other agreement or arrangements you enter into with Mox.
We collect your data so we can provide the best possible service to you. If you do not provide us with the personal data we require from you, we may not be able to establish, maintain or provide our products and services to you.
We may also collect your data, directly or indirectly, from your transactions with or through Mox in the ordinary course of our business, including information received from third parties, the public domain, collected through your use of our App, websites, cookies, behavioral or location tracking tools, banking services, financial services or other services provided by Mox and the Standard Chartered Group and/or when you deposit money or execute transactions through your Mox Card. Understanding your spending and saving behaviour helps us make suggestions to you, to make informed financial decisions for you, and to help keep your account(s) and data secure.
Please note that we also collect data to help us comply with laws, regulations, guidelines and requests or investigations by the authorities.
In this PICS, “Standard Chartered Group” means each of or collectively Standard Chartered PLC and its subsidiaries and affiliates (including each branch or representative office). Mox is a member of the Standard Chartered Group.
1. Who we collect data from
We will collect personal data from our customers and other individuals in connection with the purposes set out in this PICS. These customers and other individuals may include the following, and we refer to them collectively as “you/your” in this PICS:
A. applicants or account-holders of Mox products or services;
B. customers; and
C. any third party transacting with or through us.
2. Use of your data
We may use your data for any of the following purposes:
A. considering and processing your application/s (including assessing the merits and/or suitability of your application/s) for Mox products and services;
B. operating, maintaining and informing you of Mox products and services, including to understand the overall picture of your relationship with the Standard Chartered Group by linking data in respect of all accounts you are connected to;
C. developing, improving and designing Mox products and services;
D. meeting our internal operational requirements or those of the Standard Chartered Group (including credit and risk management, system or product development and planning, carrying out testing and analysis and insurance, audit and administrative purposes);
E. conducting credit checks on you and obtaining your credit report from a credit reference agency (including upon your application for any Mox product or service and when we review credit which normally takes place once or more times each year);
F. creating and maintaining our credit and risk scoring models;
G. maintaining your credit history for present and future reference;
H. assisting other financial institutions and organisations to conduct credit checks and collect repayments owed to them;
I. ensuring your initial and ongoing creditworthiness;
J. determining the amount of indebtedness owed to or by you;
K. enforcing your obligations, to us or any other member of the Standard Chartered Group, including, but not limited to, collecting amounts outstanding from you (e.g. by contacting a debt collection agency);
L. in connection with matching against any data held by us or the Standard Chartered Group so that we can better improve the way we provide services to you, for example, credit checking and data verification. We may also need to match your data when we try to recover amounts you owe us;
M. marketing services, products and other subjects (see paragraph below, “Direct Marketing”);
N. meeting or complying with any obligations, requirements or arrangements for disclosing and using data that apply to us or any other member of the Standard Chartered Group, including those that we or any such member is expected to comply with according to:
(a) any present or future law or regulation within or outside Hong Kong (e.g. the Inland Revenue Ordinance and its provisions including those concerning automatic exchange of financial account information);
(b) any present or future guidelines or guidance issued by any legal, regulatory, governmental, tax, law enforcement or other authorities, or self-regulatory or industry bodies or associations of financial services providers within or outside Hong Kong (e.g. guidelines or guidance given or issued by the Inland Revenue Department including those concerning automatic exchange of financial account information);
(c) any present or future contractual or other commitment with local or foreign legal, regulatory, governmental, tax, law enforcement or other authorities, or self- regulatory or industry bodies or associations of financial services providers applicable to us or any member of the Standard Chartered Group by reason of its financial, commercial, business or other interests or activities in or related to the relevant jurisdiction (each an “Authority”); or
(d) any investigation, demand or request from an Authority;
O. meeting any obligations, policies, measures or arrangements for sharing data and information within the Standard Chartered Group and/or any other use of data and information pursuant to any group-wide programs for compliance with sanctions or prevention or detection of money laundering, terrorist financing, fraudulent activities or other unlawful activities;
P. enabling an actual or potential transferee, assignee of all or any part of our business and/or asset or participant or sub-participant of our rights in respect of you, to evaluate the transaction intended to be the subject of the transfer, assignment, participation or sub- participation;
Q. in connection with us or any member of the Standard Chartered Group defending or responding to any legal, governmental, or regulatory or quasi-governmental related matter, action or proceeding (including any prospective action or legal proceedings), including where it is in the legitimate interests of us or any member of the Standard Chartered Group to seek professional advice, for obtaining legal advice or for establishing, exercising or defending legal rights;
R. in connection with investigating an insurance-related matter (including matters related to any member of the Standard Chartered Group);
S. organising and delivering seminars to you;
T. managing, monitoring and assessing the performance of any agent, contractor or third party service provider who provides administrative, telecommunications, computer, payment or securities clearing or other services to us in connection with the establishment, operation or maintenance of any Mox product or service; and
U. any other purposes relating thereto.
3. Disclosure of your data
Data we hold is kept confidential but we may provide, transfer or disclose such data or information to other parties (whether within or outside Hong Kong*) if it will help with any of the uses we’ve listed in the “Use of your data” paragraph above. These other parties include:
A. any organisation, agent, contractor or third party service provider who provides administrative, telecommunications, identity verification/ know-your-customer, computer, payment/ transaction, cloud storage or services, data analytics, cybersecurity or securities clearing or other services to us in connection with the establishment, operation, maintenance or provision of any Mox product or service to you;
B. anyone who works for (or provides services to) us or the Standard Chartered Group (or any of the parties referred to in paragraph A);
C. any person who owes a duty of confidentiality to Mox (or any other member of the Standard Chartered Group);
D. credit reference agencies;
E. debt collection agencies if we need to collect a repayment;
F. any financial institution or merchant acquiring company which you would like to, or already have, dealings with;
G. any person or organisation that Mox (or another member of the Standard Chartered Group) owes an obligation to (which may exist now or in the future);
H. any actual or proposed assignee or transferee of all or any part of Mox’s business and/or assets or participant or sub-participant or transferee of Mox’s rights in respect of you;
I. any party giving or proposing to give a guarantee or third party security to guarantee or secure your obligations;
J. charitable or non-profit making organisations;
K. any external service provider that we engage to provide marketing services (including anyone who works for such a service provider);
L. any interface (such as an application programming interface) that links to, or in any way makes available information about, our products and/or services;
M. third party financial institutions, insurers, credit card companies, securities and investment service providers;
N. third party reward, loyalty, co-branding and privileges program providers;
O. our co-branding partners and/or co-branding partners of any member of the Standard Chartered Group (the names of such co-branding partners can be found in the application form(s) for the relevant services and products, as the case may be);
P. any person or company who has a direct or indirect shareholding in Mox and their affiliates (each, a “Shareholder”) (for example, to find out whether or not you are a customer of theirs or their affiliates and what products and services they provide or could provide to you), and anyone who works for (or provides services to) a Shareholder;
Q. any Authority;
R. any other Mox customers in connection with your use of Mox products and services; and
S. any other person (1) where the public interest requires or (2) with your express or implied consent.
*This may mean your data is disclosed, transferred, stored or processed outside of Hong Kong. If this happens, then we may need to comply with another country's laws and requirements on personal data. Such parties may be located in the following countries: Australia, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Japan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Netherlands, Philippines, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America.
4. Direct Marketing
We would like to use your data in direct marketing and we require your consent (which includes an indication of no objection) for that purpose. The data that we may use in direct marketing includes:
A. your name and contact details;
B. your demographic data;
C. the products and services provided to you by Mox, the Standard Chartered Group or any Shareholder;
D. your saving and spending patterns and behaviour; and
E. your financial background.
We may directly market the following classes of services, products, and subjects:
A. financial, insurance, fiduciary, investment services, credit card, securities, investment, banking and related services and products;
B. reward, loyalty or privileges programs and related services and products;
C. services and products offered by any Shareholder;
D. services and products offered by our co-branding partners (the names of such co-branding partners can be found in the application form(s) for the relevant services and products, as the case may be); and
E. donations and contributions for charitable and/or non-profit making purposes.
Along with us, the following persons may provide or solicit (in the case of donations and contributions) the above services, products and subjects:
A. any member of the Standard Chartered Group or any Shareholder;
B. third party financial institutions, insurers, credit card companies, securities and investment service providers;
C. third party reward, loyalty, co-branding or privileges program providers;
D. our co-branding partners and/or co-branding partners of any member of the Standard Chartered Group; and
E. charitable or non-profit making organisations.
We may also provide your data to any of these people for them to use in directly marketing the same services, products and subjects to you. Mox will always first obtain your consent (which includes an indication of no objection) for that purpose. We may receive money or other property in return for providing your data to these other persons, but we’ll tell you if this is the case when obtaining your consent.
You can change your mind about giving consent for us to use or provide to other persons your data for use in direct marketing, as set out above. Just let us know at any time.
5. Personal data of another person
Where you have provided us with another person’s personal data, you should provide him/her with a copy of this PICS and inform them of how we may use his/her data.
6. Access and correction of your personal data
You have the following rights according to the law:
A. to check what data of yours we hold and be provided with a copy of it;
B. to require us to make changes to any data that is inaccurate;
C. to withdraw any consent that you have previously given us with respect to our use of your personal data;
D. to know our policies and practices on data;
E. to be told what kind of data we hold and what you have access to;
F. to check what data we usually disclose to credit reference agencies and debt collection agencies;
G. to ask us for more information so you can approach a credit reference agency or debt collection agency yourself for a copy of your data or for the data to be corrected; and
H. to ask us to contact the credit reference agency about deleting any repayment data related to an account you close, as long as it hasn’t been closed for more than 5 years and there hasn’t been any repayment due for more than 60 days during this period. Account repayment data includes the amount last due, amount of payment(s) made during the last reporting period (being a period not exceeding 31 days immediately preceding the last contribution of account data by us to a credit reference agency), remaining available credit or outstanding balance and default data (being amount past due and number of days past due, date of settlement of amount past due, and date of final settlement of amount in default lasting in excess of 60 days (if any)). We also need to tell you that if you miss a repayment on any loan we give you:
(a) as long as you fully repay the loan or it is written off within 60 days, then your repayment data will not be kept by the credit reference agency for the standard period of 5 years; but
(b) if the loan is written off because of your bankruptcy, then the account repayment data will probably be kept for 5 years anyway, starting from when the outstanding amount was finally paid off or your bankruptcy status was lifted (whichever is earlier).
Also, we may from time to time access your personal and account information or records held by the credit reference agency for the purpose of reviewing any of the following matters in relation to the existing credit facilities granted to you or a third party whose obligations are guaranteed by you:
A. an increase in the credit amount;
B. the curtailing of credit (including the cancellation of credit or a decrease in the credit amount); and
C. the putting in place or the implementation of a scheme of arrangement with you or the third party.
If you want to exercise any of these rights, see the Privacy page on our website or let us know via the Mox app, by email to firstname.lastname@example.org, through the Contact Centre (Tel: 2888 8228) or send a letter to:
Data Protection Officer
39/F, Oxford House
Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road
We have the right to charge a reasonable fee for the processing of any data access request you make. We will never charge a fee unless you are requesting a paper record to be sent to you.
Once we receive your data, we’ll do our best to protect it because the security of your personal data is important to us. We have technical and organisational security measures in place to safeguard your personal data (including personal data in transit and storage). These security measures ensure that the confidentiality and integrity of your personal data is not compromised. Multiple layers of protection have been put in place to protect against leakage of personal data to external parties. Personal data will be encrypted by strong data encryption algorithms using encryption keys unique to us and with proper key management. When using external service providers, we require that they adhere to certain security standards mandated by us or the Standard Chartered Group (as applicable). The Standard Chartered Group may do this through contractual provisions, including any such provisions approved by a privacy regulator, and oversight of the service provider. Regardless of where personal data is transferred, we take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that personal data is kept securely.
You should also be aware that the Internet (including applications which use the Internet for data transfer) may not be a secure form of communication and sending us personal data over the Internet may carry with it risks including the risk of access and interference by unauthorised third parties. Information passing over the Internet may be transmitted internationally (even when the sender and recipient are located in the same country) via countries with weaker privacy and data protection laws than your country of residence.
Mox and the Standard Chartered Group retain personal data in line with applicable legal and regulatory obligations and for business and operational purposes. In the majority of cases, this will be for 7 years from the end of your relationship with us. You can ask us to permanently delete some or all of your data earlier than this but we can only do so if:
A. we have no legal or regulatory obligation to retain it; or
B. we don’t need it to provide a service that you would still like us to provide to you.
If we can’t permanently delete your data promptly after you ask us, please be sure that we’ll let you know.
We and other members of the Standard Chartered Group may record and monitor electronic communications with you to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory obligations and internal policies. | <urn:uuid:56879c3e-45a4-4227-b8d9-19ebc8cfbefe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mox.com/legal-documents/privacy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.92972 | 5,186 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Well, I'm sure Jhan will explain it better, but I'll try to explain what I think it means.
Let's say I'm following a good diet and supplements and other methods to cleanse my system of all the junk that's built up in it over the years. The cleansing causes die-off, which means the toxins that have sat stored in my body are now released into my system to be washed out through the normal channels (skin/bowels/bladder). Toxins released into my system make me feel bad, because my organs have to experience their passage and their effects(die-off symptoms). While floating around inside me, making their way to their final exit, they come across the Candida I'm also trying to flush out. Candida loves to nourish itself on toxins. So, while it and the toxins are heading south, it gorges itself on them and increases it's presence (kind of like how I increased MY presence by an extra 10lbs. after my honeymoon cruise several years ago...but, that's another story), which also makes me feel bad because I've got a sudden upswing in my Candida count. But soon the Candida and the toxins come out of me with all the pomp and ceremony that frothy urine can provide (assuming I didn't do anything else to create the froth, such as stop by Krispy Kreme on my way home from the health food store ;o) ). I can just imagine the foamy little critters looking back up at me from inside the bowl, flipping me the bird as they circle and spiral toward their next destination. So long as they're out of me, I don't care what parting shots they'd have to share. ;o)
The difference between this kind of Candida increase and the kind that is stimulated by not maintaining good health practices is that this increase is brought on by the process of detoxing my body, and is somewhat temporary. As I continue to detox my system over time, there is less and less for the Candida to nourish itself with, thus effectively starving it to death. I am creating an inhospitable environment for it's survival.
You'll often hear people say they feel worse for a time or now and again on their new diet and supplement regimen. They may worry that they are getting worse from it, and consider or actually (cringe) stop doing the good they had started. In reality, again assuming they are not cheating excessively, they are most likely experiencing a positive yet not always comfortable healing. Kind of like cutting open a wound to get the puss out of an infected injury, it can often hurt much worse at first, or at the very least not feel any better. But, as the puss (in this case Candida/toxins/bacteria/parasites/name your affliction) slowly drains, the body is given the chance to heal, and the wound over time settles and clears away.
Anyway, that's my take on what's likely happening with me when I get a little extra froth in my urine. I also measure how I feel, what I call my core or base energy, and if I'm feeling stronger deep down, then I suspect the symptoms I'm having on the surface are probably die-off and in the long run a good thing. Because as time goes by, and there's less and less toxicity in my body, there will be less and less renegade Candida making their way out of the "colon corral", running rampant through my system. I mean, what's the point of them leaving the colon if there's nothing fun for them to do outside of it??
Good luck to you in your healing! | <urn:uuid:2d981173-9490-40c5-ba34-b39f9b209821> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.curezone.org/forums/am.asp?i=283725 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.975303 | 771 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Russia and the European Union will be able to resolve all remaining issues concerning Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization at the forthcoming EU-Russia summit in Nizhny Novgorod later this week, EU President Jose Manuel Barroso said on Wednesday.
“I’m confident that our talks will help Russia to walk the final mile towards WTO accession, which is still possible this year,” Barroso said.
Russia has been in membership talks with the 153-nation WTO for 17 years and remains the only major economy still outside the organization. The European Union gave its formal backing to the country’s entry bid in December last year after Russia agreed to trim timber export duties and rail freight tariffs.
BRUSSELS, June 8 (RIA Novosti) | <urn:uuid:8388570e-4d8e-40b5-a352-a873312a7423> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.windowstorussia.com/russia-eu-to-reach-final-agreement-on-wto.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945385 | 166 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Prime Editing Restores Function of Genetic Defects in Patient-Derived Organoids
Prime editing is a special flavour of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, and it has recently become a new tool for Sabine Fuchs in her quest to develop new therapies for liver and metabolic disorders. Fuchs is a paediatrician at the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital in Utrecht, the Netherlands who specialises in such genetic diseases, and for several years she has used 3D organoids as a tool in her studies. By expanding cells from the liver or intestines of patients, she has created an experimental avenue where such organoids can be used as disease models for toxicology studies, regenerative medicine, and most recently also gene therapy.
»Our results now open the avenue for human application, both for transplantation with ex vivo gene-corrected patient cells but – even more fascinating – for in vivo gene correction,« says Sabine Fuchs.
In October, Fuchs and colleagues published a paper in Nature Communications where they used patient-derived organoids to demonstrate that prime editing can be used for functional repair of disease-causing mutations. These included mutations leading to, for example, liver cancer and Wilson disease that causes storage of excess copper in various body tissues and is potentially lethal. And the researchers also showed that the procedure is safe in terms of unintended genetic modification.
Prime Editing is Efficient and Safe
Prime editing was first described in a Nature-paper in 2019 from the Liu-Lab at Harvard University in Cambridge, USA as a versatile and precise genome editing method that directly writes new genetic information into a specified DNA site. Read more in our interview with the first-author of that study, Andrew Anzalone.
Prime editing combines a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) with a catalytically impaired Cas9 endonuclease (Cas9-nickase) fused to an engineered reverse transcriptase. The pegRNA both directs the Cas9-nickase to nick the target DNA and instructs the reverse transcriptase to synthesise an edited DNA flap. The edited flap is then integrated by DNA repair mechanisms (called PE2), and this integration can be enhanced by also nicking the opposite strand (PE3) or doing so only after successful editing (PE3b).
Prime editing has strengths and weaknesses compared to the other two most common CRISPR variants, namely base editing and Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR). Fuchs explains:
»Limitations to prime editing relate to the proximity of the mutation to a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site, and - as we noted in our initial experiments - low GC counts in the primer binding site were associated with inefficient prime editing. In terms of the type of mutation, prime editing can create all smaller mutations, including all nucleotide substitutions but also insertions and deletions (indels). However, both efficiency and safety of prime editing are significantly improved when compared to CRISPR-Cas9 HDR.«
The somewhat inefficient and error-prone Cas9-mediated HDR might still be the method of choice if safety is of no concern or if successfully corrected clones can be selected afterwards since it can perform virtually any desired edit. Base editing, on the other hand, relies on enzymatic conversion of bases and can only be achieved for four out of the twelve possible nucleotide substitutions. But if a mutation can be corrected by base editing, this is still the most efficient gene editing strategy.
Gene-Activation Leads to Formation of Organoids
Fuchs wanted to show functional correction of disease-causing mutations that could eventually be used to correcting cells and transplanting them back in the patient or even be used for in vivo gene editing. Accordingly, she chose to use prime editing because of its efficiency and safety as well as its versatility that allows most genetic disorders to be corrected.
“Typically, the first organoids can be observed after about a week of starting the patient-derived biopsies on the Wnt-activating organoid medium”Sabine Fuchs
She was already skilled at producing organoids using the protocols developed in the lab of Hans Clevers, who is also in Utrecht, by activating the Wnt signalling pathway in stem or progenitor cells taken from intestinal or liver tissues of patients. Wnt-activation leads to the proliferation of progenitor cells, which self-organise into three-dimensional structures termed organoids composed of cells bearing the disease-causing mutations.
»Typically, the first organoids can be observed after about a week of starting the patient-derived biopsies on the Wnt-activating organoid medium. In another one to two weeks, the culture contains enough organoids/cells to start gene-editing experiments,« says Fuchs.
Selective Medium Reveals the Best pegRNAs
The intention was then to use prime editing for correction of these diseased organoids. But right at the start of the project, Fuchs and her colleagues encountered a major challenge.
»The biggest challenge in this study was that prime editing was still a very new technology and it was unknown which prime editing guide RNAs (pegRNAs) would be efficient. Therefore, we used functional assays to visualise successfully corrected clones quickly. This helped us to learn how to design efficient pegRNAs,« Fuchs recalls.
By functional assays, Fuchs means that the cell culture medium was adjusted to select for cells that had been effectively gene-edited. For example, the team wanted to screen for a pegRNA that could create a mutation in the β‐catenin gene (CTNNB1) that leads to proliferation independent of Wnt-stimuli and mimics a mechanism of liver cancer development. In that case, Wnt-protein was withdrawn from the culture medium, so only cells with the desired mutation in the CTNNB1 gene could proliferate.
Similarly, copper was added to the medium to select for correction of a mutation in the ATP7B gene that causes patients with Wilson disease to accumulate copper to toxic levels. In contrast, oleic acid was added to select for correction of a mutation in the DGAT1 gene from patients with congenital diarrhoea due to impaired lipid metabolism.
Gene Editing Efficiency Depends on pegRNA Design
Using this approach, the researchers could identify successful pegRNAs by observing a high number of surviving organoids and subsequently validate the correct edit by sequencing. For creating in-frame deletions in CTNNB1, striking differences up to a factor 50 were observed in editing efficiencies of different pegRNA designs. Similarly, large differences in pegRNA efficiencies were observed when prime editing was used to insert three missing nucleotides in the mutated DGAT1 gene.
In an experiment without selection, prime editing of DGAT1 resulted in the correct edit in 21% of cells, while 8% of cells had indels and 71% contained no edit. These numbers were superior to Cas9-initiated HDR editing that led to only 6% of correctly edited cells, while 80% had indels and 14% contained no edit.
Not quite so successful was the attempt to correct a severe pathogenic G → A mutation in the ABCB11 gene that leads to bile salt export pump (BSEP) deficiency and liver failure. No correction was achieved using prime editing, while the same mutation was corrected in 20% of cells using base editing. These disappointing results were not entirely unexpected.
»Low GC counts in the primer binding site are associated with inefficient prime editing, and the two pegRNAs that we used in our efforts to correct ABCB11 had relatively low GC-content (27% and 33%, respectively). When we run our ABCB11-targeting pegRNAs in DeepPE - a webtool estimating prime editing efficiency for specific pegRNAs that became available after we published our results - we now find that they indeed have low predicted efficiency,« says Fuchs.
Prime Editing Can Be a Useful Therapy for Metabolic Disorders
The use of 3D organoids as disease models and prime editing for correction of genetic disorders both offers benefits and poses challenges, Fuchs explains:
»First of all, primary patient-derived cells have two crucial general advantages over immortal 2D cell lines: they better represent the tissue of origin, and they carry the complete genetic makeup of the patient that is studied. This makes them more suitable for performing functional assays that probe the disease phenotype. For gene editing specifically, patient derived organoids must be genetically stable. Immortalised cell-lines, on the other hand, have accumulated many genetic alterations due to selective pressure after serial passaging.«
Another promising result of the study was that prime editing did not induce any genome-wide off-target effects. This was demonstrated by whole-genome sequencing of both edited and unedited control clones, an effort that has previously not been conducted in human cells. But the disease model also poses challenges, says Fuchs:
»In this study, we first sorted single cells that had received the prime-editing machinery using transfection by electroporation. The organoids that grew from these single cells were genotyped and functionally investigated. However, established organoids are very difficult to transfect efficiently. One possibility to prime edit complete established organoids would be to put the prime editing machinery in a virus. This way, targeting efficiency would be high enough to correct a substantial percentage of cells.«
And targeting efficiency doesn’t need to be very high to have a therapeutic effect. Fuchs explains that in metabolic diseases, restoration of 5% of normal enzyme levels corrects most of the clinical phenotypes, especially when targeting the liver or hematopoietic stem cells. This means that correction of genetic effects by prime editing could eventually be a useful therapy for metabolic disorders like Wilson’s disease, phenylketonuria, glycogen storage disease, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, and other genetic diseases like hemophilia.
Link to the original article Nature Communications:
Search your next CRISPR job here...
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust | <urn:uuid:cbac0710-47ca-4dfe-905b-eaf6a9266a80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crisprmedicinenews.com/news/prime-editing-restores-function-of-genetic-defects-in-patient-derived-organoids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.943468 | 2,155 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Last week there was a post on LinkedIn that caught my attention: “When entrepreneurs sacrifice too much.” The post covers the early years of Stonyfield Farms Yogurt, the challenges they had and sacrifices the founders made to bootstrap their business. This post really struck a chord with me on so many levels and I have chatted about their story with a number of entrepreneurs since and continue to do so.
My favorite comment was from a young entrepreneur who said something to the effect of: If Stonyfield Farms’ founders had shown up on Dragons Den in Year 5, Kevin O’Leary would likely have been saying “I forbid you to spend another dollar on this business, pack it in you’re done”. This observation by the young entrepreneur is an interesting comment on so many levels. First of all, who can judge what will become a viable business and what won’t? When is it time to pick yourself up and keep going or just pack it in and cut your losses? Who is the “Expert” on your business? Take a look in the mirror.
No one will spend more time on the business than you or your co-founders and no one will love this baby more than you. Frankly, any person or organization that promotes themself as the expert on your business probably isn’t, not even Kevin O’Leary.
Second point, and this is stated with much less certainty: How do you know if it is time to pack it in or time to keep going? This is a much more difficult question to deal with and the answer is shades of grey rather than black and white. The answer may be “how do you feel about the business?” or “what does your gut tell you?”.
This story embodies many of the principles of bootstrap business building that we hold dear at TheCodeFactory. Over time, hard work, commitment and effort will generate results. Sometimes it is difficult to get past that fear of failure, but real entrepreneurs understand delayed gratification and that the work you do today will generate results later. Much like the hard work and sacrifice of the Stonyfield Farms’ founders took a decade to yield a profitable business, most ventures take years to get to sustainable growth.
The Stonyfield Farms story is one of passion, persistence and commitment to building a great business. The truth behind success is often just sticking with it long enough. I’ll end the post with one of my favorite quotes from Henry Ford: “Remember the wind is always strongest just before the plane takes off.” Bootstrap business building is a lot like that plane taking off; there is always drag and resistance and your job as an entrepreneur is to keep going until the business takes flight.
– Ian Graham | <urn:uuid:f63a69f8-8c46-4639-867f-ac011617f741> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.thecodefactory.ca/entrepreneurs-sacrifice-much/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971112 | 579 | 1.84375 | 2 |
- A hard black stone, such as jasper or basalt, formerly used to test the quality of gold or silver by comparing the streak left on the stone by one of these metals with that of a standard alloy.
- A basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; "they set the measure for all subsequent work" [syn: standard, criterion, measure]
What's past is prologue.
History is the study and interpretation of the past. A question is asked in the present-day about a place, person, event, process or other thing in the past, and a historian then undertakes research to establish a body of information which then has to be interpreted in order to answer the question. History is not just research to find or establish "facts." History can be presented as biography, chronicle, genealogy, military history, maritime history (shipwrecks and their cargos), financial/economic/transaction/market history, financial forensic analysis, environmental history, art history/provenance, chain-of-ownership, and many other forms. The results of Touchstone's research are presented to our clients typically in the form of a report.
Touchstone’s researchers/historians have worked in the world’s major archives and records repositories. We’re most familiar with records within:
- the US’ National Archives and Records Administration (Washington, College Park, Philadelphia, New York)
- the UK’s National Archives (formerly the Public Record Office), and
- the Archives Nationales Françaises.
We’ve conducted research within the world’s major libraries, including the Library of Congress, Harvard University, Princeton University, Columbia University’s Rare Book and Manuscript Library, the Frick Art Reference Library, the Morgan Library and the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, among many others. We’ve also conducted research within the private archives of several of the world’s major banks and financial institutions.
If the record that you seek or the information that you desire exists, we will be the research firm most likely to bring it to light. In several cases, the records that our clients have sought had been deliberately destroyed; in those cases, we have uncovered other, related and relevant documents upon which our clients were able to draw reasonable, supportable conclusions.
Our ClientsWe provide research services to:
- Authors, Journalists and Scholars
- Private Investigators
- Employers, Corporations (Corporate Histories)
- Banks and Financial Institutions
- Film and Documentary Producers
- Veterans (DD Form 214 - Emergency Service, DD214 Express Service, Veterans' Funeral Benefit, 201 File, Military Histories) and
- Other Business Entities, Government Agencies, and Private Individuals | <urn:uuid:d92ba165-588e-40e5-8fc1-9ddb64115a4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dd214express.com/index2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.910235 | 607 | 3.125 | 3 |
Kidney stones can be excruciatingly painful. In fact, pain is the most common symptom of kidney stones. This pain usually begins as a dull ache in your back or side, and over time the pain is likely to increase, moving lower. This pain often comes with other symptoms including bloody or cloudy urine, nausea, fever, and stomach aches. If you’re experiencing kidney stone pain it’s likely your primary focus is alleviating the pain and discomfort as quickly as possible. Our skilled urology team is here to help with a fast diagnosis, treatment options, and rapid recovery.
What are kidney stones?
Kidney stones are small hard deposits that form in your urine, usually somewhere between the size of a grain of salt and a kernel of corn. Typically, these deposits are made of excess calcium, oxalates, and uric acid.
What causes kidney stones?
There are a number of factors that can contribute to kidney stones. Diets high in salt, animal protein, vitamin C, and high-oxalate foods such as spinach, rhubarb, baked potatoes, and raspberries. All can certainly contribute to the formulation of kidney stones. Dehydration is also a common contributor to the formulation of kidney stones. If you’re dehydrated, it’s difficult for your body to properly process the calcium, oxalates, and uric acids. These elements begin to build up and form kidney stones. It is important to note that a family history of kidney stones may increase your risk of forming kidney stones.
How do I prevent kidney stones?
The easiest way to prevent kidney stones is by drinking plenty of water. Making sure you stay hydrated will significantly reduce your chances of forming kidney stones. It’s important to watch your sodium intake. Limit the amount of salt and salty foods you eat. In addition, make sure you’re consuming your daily recommended amount of calcium. A calcium deficiency can result in higher levels of oxalates in your urine.
What are the symptoms of kidney stones?
Pain in the lower back and side is the most common symptom, but there are other common symptoms of kidney stones to watch out for:
- Pain in the lower back or side below the ribs
- Pain in your groin or abdomen
- Urgent need to urinate
- Trouble passing urine
- Blood in your urine
- Cloudy or smelly urine
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever and chills
How are kidney stones typically treated?
When kidney stones are found, they are assessed based on size. Smaller stones are likely to pass naturally. Larger stones are likely to require intervention.
Treatment for small kidney stones:
- Drink lots of water
- Take pain relievers to reduce the pain
- Medical therapy such as using Flomax (tamsulosin)
Treatment for large kidney stones:
Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL)
Ureteroscopy Treatment - Ureteroscopy treatment makes use of a small lighted tube with a camera to locate the stones within the urethra and bladder. Once the stone is located, a laser is typically used to break the stone into small pieces. These small fragments are removed using a flexible basket.
Surgical removal - Surgical removal is done through a treatment called percutaneous nephrolithotomy where a small incision is made on the patient’s back and the kidney stones are removed using a nephroscope and other extremely small instruments.
What should I do if I think I have kidney stones?
If you are experiencing severe pain in your lower back or abdomen that is preventing you from sitting or finding a comfortable position and/or pain along with a fever or nausea or vomiting please reach out to Puyallup Surgical or another emergency medical professional right away for diagnosis and treatment. | <urn:uuid:2285406d-d1f4-46fa-8348-9dff3e928d37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://puyallupsurgeons.com/news/simple-procedure-eliminates-kidney-stones-quickly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.936704 | 807 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Ten members of a European network of art forgers have been arrested by Spanish police. Prints (of Dalí, Miró, Warhol, Chagall) and printing equipment have been seized. The network was based in Barcelona, Bilbao and Milan. All those arrested had been involved for three years and moved between auctions, art galleries, dealers, fairs and exhibitions. The price of each fake, which was accompanied by an equally fraudulent certificate, ranged from Ptas 450,000 (£1,700; $2,500) to in excess of Ptas l,000,000 (£3,823; $5,500). It was the management of the Joan Miró Foundation who alerted the police to the suspicious rise in the number of “Mirós” being brought into their offices for authentication. | <urn:uuid:6979f604-7364-40f7-aa1a-1590e04e99fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2001/01/01/spanish-art-forgery-network-busted | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.976651 | 168 | 1.53125 | 2 |
"A compulsive, terrifying read."―Kate Quinn, New York Times bestselling author of The Rose Code For readers of Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale comes a thrilling feminist dystopian novel set in an alternative history that terrifyingly imagines what a British alliance with Germany would look like if the Nazis had won WWII. Read More
To control the past, they edited history. To control the future, they edited literature.
LONDON, 1953. Thirteen years have passed since England surrendered to the Nazis and formed a Grand Alliance with Germany. It was forced to adopt many of its oppressive ideologies, one of which was the strict classification of women into hierarchical groups based on the perceived value they brought to society.
Rose Ransom, a member of the privileged Geli class, remembers life from before the war but knows better than to let it show. She works for the Ministry of Culture, rewriting the classics of English literature to ensure there are no subversive thoughts that will give women any ideas.
Outbreaks of insurgency have been seen across the country with graffiti made up of seditious lines from forbidden works by women painted on public buildings. Suspicion has fallen on Widowland, the run-down slums where childless women over fifty have been banished. Rose is given the dangerous task of infiltrating Widowland to find the source of the rebellion before the Leader arrives in England for the Coronation ceremony of King Edward VIII and Queen Wallis.
Will Rose follow her instructions and uncover the criminals? Or will she fight for what she knows in her heart is right? | <urn:uuid:466ebb86-d9d2-49b2-ad3e-98fd5a5435a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hubcity.org/shop-the-bookshop/widowland | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955176 | 319 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Whiffy Wilson by Caryl Hart and Leonie Lord
|Whiffy Wilson by Caryl Hart and Leonie Lord|
|Category: For Sharing|
|Reviewer: Ruth Ng|
|Summary: A very funny, disgusting, endearing story about a rather smelly wolf who learns a little about personal hygiene from his friend Dotty!|
|Buy? Yes||Borrow? Yes|
|Pages: 32||Date: April 2012|
|External links: Author's website|
Wilson is a terribly dirty little wolf who never washes, or brushes his hair, or changes his underwear! His mum seems at a loss, demanding that he has a bath or he can't go out to play but Wilson, the naughty wolf, just runs away and hides! It is only when he meets a little girl called Dotty that he does anything about how stinky he is. She thinks he's a monster he's so smelly, and when that makes him feel sad Dotty says they can soon sort things out and takes him home for a bath!
This is one of those wonderful picture books that as soon as you pick it up you know it's going to be good, and that it will work well with teeny tots as well as those in the early years at school. The story is fun, and has plenty of disgusting bits about Wilson's fungus between his toes, his nose picking, or his earwax to keep little ones laughing!
The whole story is written in rhyme which also gives the book a lovely fun feel. Children can guess some of the rhymes that are coming, and the author plays on that with one where she writes She cut his filthy toenails, and rinsed out all the scum. She brushed his stinky, rotten teeth, and made him was his...face! The writing has a nice pace to it and is very easy and fun to read aloud.
The illustrations are all delightful. Wilson is a terribly endearing little wolf, even though he's so stinky, and the soft lines to the drawings are very sweet. I love the picture of Dotty dragging Wilson to the bathroom - the expression on his face is brilliant! My other favourite is a small image of Dotty cleaning out Wilson's ears with a cotton bud. He is looking a bit non-plussed but her expression is very funny as she looks completely grossed out!
The story is more for fun than meant to be educational I think, but it might be useful for any reluctant little bathers out there. I liked the idea that there's good dirt and bad dirt. Dotty teaches Wilson at the end that it's fine for them to play in the mud and get mucky, as long as they wash it off at the end of the day. I'm hoping that there will be more stories about Wilson since he's a great character and both the story and the illustrations work perfectly together!
You might also enjoy this story also written by Caryl Hart Don't Put Your Pants on Your Head, Fred or more delightful illustrations from Leonie Lord try The Dirty Great Dinosaur. We think you'll also enjoy Wolfie the Bunny by Ame Dyckman and Zachariah OHora.
You can read more book reviews or buy Whiffy Wilson by Caryl Hart and Leonie Lord at Amazon.co.uk Amazon currently charges £2.99 for standard delivery for orders under £20, over which delivery is free.
You can read more book reviews or buy Whiffy Wilson by Caryl Hart and Leonie Lord at Amazon.com.
Like to comment on this review?
Just send us an email and we'll put the best up on the site. | <urn:uuid:76796d78-4575-4f01-b4e7-38cbaf8f84c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.thebookbag.co.uk/reviews/Whiffy_Wilson_by_Caryl_Hart_and_Leonie_Lord | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.980185 | 789 | 1.703125 | 2 |
This course covers the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999 (England & Wales). It is suitable if you require an understanding of water regulations and water byelaws as part of your job, in particular if you wish to become an approved plumber or contractor.
Completing this course will go towards some of the entry requirements required to join a competent person scheme e.g. (APHC, WRAS, Ciphe, WaterSafe).
This course covers the following topics:
– Why were the regulations set up
– What the regulations were set up to prevent
– The regulations, the law and how it applies to you
– Back flow prevention air gaps
– Back flow prevention mechanical devices
– Hygienic practices
– Pipe identification
– Sprinkler systems
– Water mains locations
– CWSC installation requirements
If you are over 19 and are currently living in Wales you could be eligible for a FREE course under the Welsh Government Personal Learning Accounts (PLA) funding. We can discuss funding with you upon enquiry.
Must be working within the Plumbing industry
Summary of Outcomes
This course is for anybody working with cold water. You can use this qualification to apply for membership of a competent person scheme, enabling operatives to self certificate to both house holder and water undertaker.
This course is £195 per person. Funding is available for this course subject to eligibility. please get in touch to find out more.
Method of Assessment
You will learn via presentations, discussion, Q&A and an open book exam. Learning materials are included.
Locations across wales or in-house at your business | <urn:uuid:134078c6-f25d-4ae6-babc-c8f01c31b39f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://business.nptcgroup.ac.uk/courses/cold-water-regulations-bpec-part-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.903972 | 369 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Save our home!
What is the common link between chocolate biscuits and orangutans? In this activity aimed at ages 8-9, children learn about rainforests, their location, structure and some of the animals and plants that live in them. They look at rainforests in Sumatra and how deforestation has occurred in order to grow oil palm plantations and how this has affected Sumatran orangutans. They name oils found in different foods and think about where they come from, then identify foods that contain palm oil. They also consider the effect of so much palm oil in the foods readily available to us.
This resource was produced as part of The Crunch, created by the Wellcome Trust to promote learning and discussions about our food, our health and our planet. By examining our relationships with food, and exploring cutting edge research, we can think about how we can eat in ways that can keep our planet and ourselves healthy.
Show health and safety information
Please be aware that resources have been published on the website in the form that they were originally supplied. This means that procedures reflect general practice and standards applicable at the time resources were produced and cannot be assumed to be acceptable today. Website users are fully responsible for ensuring that any activity, including practical work, which they carry out is in accordance with current regulations related to health and safety and that an appropriate risk assessment has been carried out. | <urn:uuid:4f65ac24-46a8-4986-9249-36b7af6a759c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://saferlines.comcommunity.stem.org.uk/resources/elibrary/resource/133747/save-our-home | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.981874 | 284 | 3.5625 | 4 |
This error is common with many early GM trucks, the problem is with the stepper motor, the small device which controls the needles. GM replaced these older units with a more robust longer life unit in later models. The repair process is to remove the front face of the dash, then remove the 4 bolts that secure the speedometer, then take off the covers and needles and desolder the bad components and resolder the updated x27-167 stepper motors. Do NOT get the ones in the black plastic case, only use the white case items that look like the image below. Also, please do NOT replace the steppers yourself if you are not familiar with soldering or do not have an adjustable iron, it is very easy to damage the board and when you do it may not be salvageable. See image at bottom of page for example of what happens when too much heat is used.
If you want to save a few dollars, I replace the stepper motors for $50 plus shipping. This includes replacing all the motors, checking all the lights and recalibration. Please see this page for more information – https://chevyssr.club/wp/chevy-ssr-parts-and-services/
I also change the faceplate to a different color, change needle colors, change the lights to LED and repair boards that have been damaged previously by using too hot of an iron or just mishandling. I can also swap mileage chips from one cluster to another and also repair some components at the board level. Again, contact me about these other services for cost.
I have a few tips on the removal process…….
- Place some blue painter tape over the top of the speedometer eyebrow to prevent scratching. There is a large metal clip behind the dash panel, when it pops off, there is a good change you could scratch things.
- Use a hair dryer and warm up the left and right sides of the airbag to allow the dash face to come off easier. Some people remove the airbag before the dash so that there is no interference, but accessing the bolts to the airbag is a real PITA. The front face of the dash will slide over the airbag, the hairdryer just makes it a little easier.
- Once you have the dash face off, use a dremel and remove the 2 small protrusions on the left and right side of the airbag hole to make it easier to reinstall the face and to allow future removals easier.
- Reinstalling the 4 bolts for the cluster might be made easier by using some painters tape or a magnet on the socket to help retain the small bolts during reassembly.
Great how to on repairing the speedometer here – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWELz904fj0
SSR dash removal – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaAPQLXWbKU
Installing is reverse if removal.
Below is an example of burned out solder pads on a speedometer. I received this from a client that attempted to replace the stepper motors himself but the soldering iron he was using was too hot and ruined the traces. Where the dark patches are should be silver pads to connect to the stepper motor connections. I was able to reconnect the traces from the stepper motors to the board and get things working again but is very time consuming. | <urn:uuid:4546930c-74b4-4b12-b2f8-99e2113d7c97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chevyssr.club/wp/chevy-ssr-diagnosis-and-repair-guides/speedometer-needle-erratic-or-does-not-move/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.926753 | 709 | 1.59375 | 2 |
In These Dark Skies, Arianne Zwartjes interweaves the experience of living in the southern Netherlands—with her wife, who is Russian—and the unfolding of both the refugee crisis across Europe and the uptick in terrorist acts in France, Greece, Austria, Germany, and the Balkans. She probes her own subjectivity, as a white American, as a queer woman in a transcultural marriage, as a writer, and as a witness.
The essays investigate and meditate on a broad array of related topics, including drone strikes, tear gas, and military intervention; the sugar trade, the Dutch blackface celebration of Zwarte Piet, and constructions of whiteness in Europe and the U.S.; and visual arts of Russian avant-garde painters, an Iraqi choreographer living in Belgium, and German choreographer Pina Bausch.
This is a lyrical, timely book deeply salient to the political moment we continue to find ourselves in: a moment of incredible anti-refugee and anti-immigrant sentiment, a moment of xenophobic and misogynistic violence.
“These Dark Skies is an insightful essay collection about how humans justify violence in themselves and others.”—Foreword, starred review
“Is the world already broken into pieces? Then we must find new forms of prose, new writing, to encounter it. That is what happens in Arianne Zwartjes’s remarkable book that is, at turns and at once, memoir, essay, critical reflection, poetic musing. These Dark Skies travels continents in an inch of text, travels eternity in an hour. What might seem like coincidental choreography is a masterful arranging of life-in-print that heralds—or ought to anyhow—new modes of knowing experience in a rapturous yet dangerous present.”—Kazim Ali, author, Northern Light: Power, Land, and the Memory of Water
“These Dark Skies is at once brilliant and humane, asking the despairing and urgent question: How shall I live? There is something incredibly moving and human in Zwartjes’s approach to the question, a unique synthesis of idea and lived experience, of news read and path walked. She erases the borders between self and other, empire and colony, center and periphery, and tries to make sense, with her heart and her mind, of the jumble that follows. This book is an incredible unflinching look at the great lie of our time: that there is an us and a them; that we in the empire are somehow innocent and uncontaminated by the blood and rage of the world; that we can in any way survive without upending that lie. It is a gift and a reckoning long overdue—and incredibly human.”—Sunil Yapa, author, Your Heart is a Muscle the Size of a Fist
“What begins as a nuanced study and meditation on the origins, manifestations, and structures of violence soon develops into a profound exploration of the self, the self within a body, the self within a complicated and dangerous and beautiful world. In These Dark Skies, Arianne Zwartjes has woven a book of her travels and lived experiences across the globe, and in so doing Zwartjes engages the reader in a series of questions that delve into the very core of our existence as human beings. This is a remarkable, clear-eyed, necessary book, one that I will be sharing with those I love—as it will create doorways into conversations on whiteness, identity, trauma, activism, biopolitics, systemic kindness, and much, much more.”—Brian Turner, author, My Life as a Foreign Country | <urn:uuid:6fd18da7-197f-48bd-9614-a8d2824df90c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uipress.uiowa.edu/books/these-dark-skies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.936524 | 764 | 1.6875 | 2 |
IEEE Day: Celebrating the first time in history when engineers worldwide and IEEE members gathered to share their technical ideas in 1884. IEEE Day's theme is: "Leveraging Technology for a Better Tomorrow". While the world benefits from what's new, IEEE focuses on what's next. The celebration of IEEE Day on 1 October 2019 is the 10th year celebrating this historic event! Worldwide celebrations demonstrate the ways thousands of IEEE members in local communities join together to collaborate on ideas that leverage technology for a better tomorrow. We celebrate IEEE members! The IEEE Day team is made up of IEEE volunteers and staff. Together, they work to assure that this year's celebration will be even bigger and more impressive than the last editions. The principle task of the IEEE Day team is to initiate, motivate, and coordinate events and efforts to celebrate this day worldwide. In addition to an enjoyable time and empowering members to engineer the future and beyond, the team actively supports members and volunteers.
IEEE Day: Celebrating the first time in history when engineers worldwide and IEEE members gathered to share their technical ideas in 1884. This is the Promotional video of IEEE DAY Celebrations adding the previous year celebrations across the Globe. | <urn:uuid:ef31cad0-4abf-47b5-bd2d-ce61f03164e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://origin.ieeetv.ieee.org/ieeetv-specials/how-we-celebrate-ieee-day | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.928307 | 242 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Humidifier Air Purifiers
,101 - 200 sq ft Air Purifiers
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No matter how much you clean your room, its impossible to get rid of every single impurity. Pollutants invisible to the naked eye can be detrimental to you and your family’s health or even aggravate existing medical issues. Pollen, mould spores, dust mites, pet dander, debris - the list of air-borne particles are endless and if you or someone you live with suffers from allergies, an air purifier is imperative. Air purifiers also get rid of secondhand smoke, so if there is a smoker in the house or someone who suffers from asthma, invest in an air purifier. Living with a pet results in pet hair strewn all the house, which is a big contributor to allergies. Ensure your family is breathing clean air at all times, shop for an air purifier online today from Flipkart at lowest rates. From Dyson, Samsung, Eveready, Kent, Sharp, Mi, Pureit and Honeywell, shop from only the best in the business.
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They employ a device called electrostatic precipitator, which removes airborne particles by charging the pollutants when they circulate through. The filters in the device capture the particles as they blow through the system, preventing them from reentering the room. Air purifiers are commonly categorised based on their filter type such as HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air), ozone, carbon, ionic, and ultraviolet light. Some models employ a combination of multiple filters for enhanced efficiency. A good-quality air purifier should effectively remove air-borne bacteria and viruses, ensuring maximum reduction of pollutants in the air. Most mo are wall mountable and do not require much effort for installation and maintenance.
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You can shut your doors and windows but you won’t be able to keep all the pollutants out. The Kent Aura air purifier features HEPA filter technology that eliminates suspended particulate matter and dust particles as small as PM 2.5. It employs carbon filters that are highly absorbent to get rid of pet odour, cigarette smoke, dust, foul odour and other harmful gases. The Kent Aura also comes with a filter change alarm, ensuring you never have to breathe impure air. With a clean air delivery rate of 180 cubic meter per hour, you can clean the air around you instantly after you arrive home from work.
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No matter how well you clean your home, there will always be some dust hovering around the corners. This Samsung air purifier, with a coverage area of 420 square feet, comes with a 3-step filtration system that can capture up to 99.9% of ultrafine particles. It also removes odour-causing gases such as ammonia owing to its activated charcoal. The air purifier will let your child sleep in peace as it operates without any noise, generating only 20 dBA of sound. It packs a washable pre-filter and deodorization filters that can be easily replaced.
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This Dyson portable air purifier comes with a 360 degree vacuum-sealed glass HEPA, targetting microscopic pollutants as small as 0.1 microns. The Real Time Sensor will keep you up to speed with the overall Air Quality Index. The sensor is updated every 12 seconds and is also equipped with a 24-hour AQI graph on its monitor. To ensure the entire room is cleansed, the air filter & purifier makes use of the Air Multiplier Technology that projects airflow at up to 360 l per second.
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You can buy the best home air purifier or air cleaner by shopping online. Compare the air purifiers’ price among different brands and choose the one that fits your budget. Buy your products online and get them delivered directly to your doorstep using easy and secure payment methods, such as net banking, credit/debit cards, e-wallets, and COD. If the purchased product is faulty, you can always replace it or go for a complete refund with easy return and replacement policies. Don’t compromise on your family’s health; and get an air purifier right away by logging on to your favourite shopping website.
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Hepa Air Purifiers | Ionizer Air Purifiers | Dehumidifier Air Purifiers | Activated Carbon Air Purifiers | Ozone Generator Air Purifiers, Top 5 Best Air Purifiers | <urn:uuid:637f62c2-04db-48b9-bae3-f861be5bcc3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.flipkart.com/air-purifiers/pr?sid=j9e%2Cabm%2C3o4&offer=ns%3A09544bed24%3Faffid%3Dabhi5678c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.893156 | 1,308 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The Food Standards Agency (FSA) has agreed to the implementation of a single approach to front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling that it says will best help consumers make healthier choices when they buy food.
Food businesses will be encouraged to use all three elements found by independent research to help UK consumers interpret nutritional information: traffic light colours (red, amber and green), text (high, medium or low) and percentage Guideline Daily Amounts (% GDAs).
Businesses are also encouraged to ensure that the information is presented on the packaging in a way that is clearly visible and prominent. To avoid consumer confusion, colours other than traffic lights should not be used. Additionally, information on portion size should be realistic and not mislead, and the labels should be used on a wider range of processed packaged foods.
Need to ensure consistency
“Diabetes UK welcomes any additional information on front-of pack food labelling to help consumers make healthier choices when buying food," said Zoe Harrison, Care Advisor at Diabetes UK.
“Traffic light colours (red, amber and green), text (high, medium or low) and percentage guidelines have all been found to be effective in helping consumers understand nutritional information. Diabetes UK welcomes the Food Standard Agency’s recommendation that food businesses will be encouraged to use all three of these elements on food labelling to ensure that the information provided is consistent on all food labels.” | <urn:uuid:49944232-6ed7-4edc-9c32-707beaa2b82b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about_us/news_landing_page/new-food-labelling-guidelines | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.896103 | 291 | 2.375 | 2 |
|Place of origin||Japan|
|Region or state||East Asia|
|Main ingredients||Japanese rice (uruchimai)|
Senbei (煎餅, alternatively spelled sembei) are a type of Japanese rice cracker. They come in various shapes, sizes, and flavors, usually savory but sometimes sweet. Senbei are often eaten with green tea as a casual snack and offered to visiting house guests as a courtesy refreshment.
Senbei are usually cooked by being baked or grilled, traditionally over charcoal. While being prepared they may be brushed with a flavoring sauce, often one made of soy sauce and mirin. They may then be wrapped with a layer of nori. Alternatively they may be flavored with salt or "salad" flavoring, among others.
In China, the same characters used to write senbei are read jiānbǐng (煎饼; 煎餅; jiānbǐng); the term refers to a totally different food which is a crepe and is more similar in preparation to okonomiyaki among Japanese foods. In Japan, senbei are hard and crispy, and are bite-sized snacks rather than street-food meals. However, crackers similar to Japanese senbei can be found in China today and their modern Chinese name is 仙贝; 仙貝; xiānbèi, which reflects the Japanese-language pronunciation of "senbei" (煎餅).
Sweet senbei (甘味煎餅) came to Japan during the Tang dynasty, with the first recorded usage in 737 AD, and still are very similar to Tang traditional styles, originally often baked in the Kansai area, of which include the traditional "roof tile" senbei. These include ingredients like potato and wheat flour or glutinous rice, and are similar to castella cakes, distinctly different from what most people would consider as senbei today, though traditional senbei such as this can still be found, e.g. Iga meibutsu katayaki, in Iga City.
What Japanese commonly refer to as senbei nowadays were popularized by a teahouse in Sōka city in the Edo period, which spread salty soy sauce flavored senbei throughout Japan.
There are several types of traditional Japanese senbei. They can be baked or deep-fried and sometimes sweetened. Aside from rice, wheat flour or starch can be used. Some varieties even use foods other than grains, such as sakana senbei (fish-senbei), renkon senbei (lotus root senbei) and hone senbei (bone-senbei).
Modern senbei versions are very inventive and may include flavorings which can range from kimchi to wasabi to curry to chocolate.
Kansai senbei tend to use glutinous rice and are lightly seasoned and delicate in texture (saku saku). Kantō senbei were originally based on uruchimai, a non-glutinous rice, and they tend to be more crunchy (kari kari) and richly flavored.
Thin Japanese rice crackers (薄焼きせんべい usuyaki senbei) are popular in Australia and other countries.
Senbei have several variations, including Nori-wrapped, Arare, Olive no Hana, Soy nut, and wet. | <urn:uuid:6d09779f-6637-4eac-8de0-36eff70657f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://db0nus869y26v.cloudfront.net/en/Senbei | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.9477 | 775 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was one of the greatest physicist the world has ever seen. He was born to Chandrasekhara Ayyar, a scholar in Physics and Mathematics, and Parvathi Ammal, on 7th November 1888, Tiruchirapalli, a town on the banks of the river Cauvery. Raman was a child genius and stood first in every class. He joined the B.A. class of the Presidency College. He published his first scientific paper at the age of 17 in The Philosophical Magazine in London. He did his M.A. from the same institution. He possessed the power of concentration and intelligence, and an insatiable curiosity to learn new things. He used to read more than what was taught in the class. In 1921, Raman attended the British Empire Universities’ Congress in Oxford, England. He questioned the very idea that the water’s blue color was due only to the reflection of the sky. He later proved that the deep blue color of the sea is due to the scattering of light by the water. His many investigations on light scattering culminated in his discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928, for which he received the Nobel Prize two years later, in1930. Sir C. V. Raman was honoured with a large number of honorary doctorates and memberships of scientific societies and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career (1924), and was knighted in 1929. This great physicist died on November 21, 1970 in Bangalore, India. Sir C. V. Raman Hostel, Constructed for the boys accommodation, was inaugurated in the year 1997. It has capacity to accommodate 178 students. | <urn:uuid:7df480d7-6863-483d-a5b2-445e5436f02a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hostels.dtu.ac.in/1/?page_id=90 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.985165 | 352 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Analysis of transient signals requires extra thought and care. The main challenges are:
- Avoiding overloads
- Editing files correctly to prevent artifacts
- Understanding Filter settling times
- Properly scaling to make comparisons possible.
- 3D Measurements: Spectra as a Function of Time.
Fortunately, noiseLAB Capture and its companion Batch Processor provide significant capabilities for these applications.
- Make a trial recording and observe whether noiseLAB Flashes red when overloads occur. Adjust you input gains, if possible, or choose a less sensitive transducer.
- If you have Recordings with overload,
use the Preview graph of the A-Weighted Sound Level (Fast) on the left graph with Red markers indicating overload. The Level Waveform graph on the right shows the oscilloscope waveform of one second duration after the cursor (Blue) on the Preview graph. Waveform portions on the right graph greater than +-1 are overloaded.
- you should Edit the Recording to not include these.
Editing to exclude Overloads
The above clip is tricky, because we have to avoid the OVERLOAD.
TRICK 1: You can single step the GREEN (Start) Cursor with SHIFT <Right or Left Arrow>
TRICK 2: You can single step the RED (End) Cursor with CTRL <Right or Left Arrow>
TRICK 3: Step back and forth between peaks using the UP or Down arrow, with the same SHIFT and CTRL tricks.
TRICK 4: (Shown above) Right click on the Clip name in the Clips listbox, to update the Clip Start and End from the Current Cursor positions. This effectively re-does the edit.
Analysis of Rapid Series of Transients:
BAD TRICK: Do not create short Clips. This can create significant settling issues and errors where performing spectrum analysis.
Settling time of Octave Filters
GOOD TRICK: noiseLAB always shows the settling time of 1/3 octave (also 1/N octave) filters. These are shown in the Result listbox in the Filter Settled column. There are two cases:
- Normal analysis of a Recording or Clip: noiseLAB automatically resets the RMS averaging when the filters have settled. Thus the final averaged result is correct, but is of shorter duration than the actual clip. noiseLAB shows the actual settling time at the beginning which is not included in the analysis. This must be subtracted from the Duration to give the actual analysis time.
- Time Slice Analysis (in the Batch Processor): One or more of the first Time Slices may not be settled. Note that after 1 second, the Results list box shows all the following slices are settled:
Results with filters that are not settled are incorrect and must not be used.
The filter settling time is determined by the Bandwidth of the lowest frequency filter in the Octave Analysis.
The settling time is approximately as follows:
T = 5 / Bandwidth (Formula 1)
The Bandwidth of a Third Octave Filter is 23% of the Center Frequency.
So if the lowest center frequency in your third-octave analysis is 20 Hz, then the filter bandwidth is 4.6 Hz, and the Settling Time is about 1 second.
Broader filters, such as 1/1 Octave filters settle more quickly, and more narrow filters such as 1/6 to 1/24 Hz settle proportionately more slowly. In all cases, noiseLAB reports the settling time.
To optimize settling times, noiseLAB Batch provides several low frequency cut-off choices. noiseLAB first reports Settled as True, when all filters have settled.
To intuitively better understand the response and settling characteristics of octave filters, we can compare them to a stringed piano, where the spacing between the keys is 1/12 octave. The longer the string, the deeper the tone, and the more sluggish the response, and also, with a longer settling time. Bass strings can “sing” a long time, whereas high tones are very short duration and very “stacatto”.
Scaling of Octave Measurements
To make a valid measurement of transient signals, one or more transients must be fully contained in a single Clip or slice, and all filters must have settled.
To make comparisons possble you must the normalize the dB value to 1 second duration.
For example if you want to find the average transient level of 10 transients in a 100 second recording, you measure the 1/3 octave level over the 101 seconds (to make the math easy), and subtract 1 second for the settling time.
- You then correct the duration to a normalized 1 second, by adding 20 dB.
- And to get the average level of the individual 10 transients you subtract 10 log N, where N is the number of transients.
The formula for calculating the average, normalized energy of N transients is:
dB (n=1, t=1) = 10 (log (T/N)) (Formula 2)
Where T is the analysis time in seconds
N is the Number of transients.
The same formula applies for normalizing and averaging the Level of Transients, and corresponds to computing LE or SEL as it previously was called.
For FFT Measurements the above formula, and in addition, the normalization to 1 Hz bandwidth must also be included, and the measurement must use a Hanning weighting and an overlap of 66.6% or 75% to ensure a ripple free time domain weighting.
Sound Level Measurement
noiseLAB Analysis results show the Sound Level in 125 ms intervals. This applies for Fast, Slow, or Custom Exponential time constants. However, internally, noiseLAB samples the RMS detector 500 times per second, to ensure it captures the correct Maximum or Minimum values in each 125 ms interval.
For a rapid series of transients, this can give a plot which may not show the individual transients we know exist. Even though multiple transients may occur in a single125 ms window, only the highest value will be shown, even with a very short time constant of 2 ms.
However, on the Advanced Tab, you can select High Res Time Base :
to reveal the individual peaks:
To get the average energy of the peaks, use the Formula 2 above.
To export the Graph use the
Save (Graph icon) button.
- If Slice is Off, only the whole graph shown above will be exported.
- If Slice is On, graphs of all slices will be exported.
To save the overall values from the Table below the graph, use the Save (Table icon) button:
To save a table of the numeric values of the Graph first select the Report Tab and select Level vs. Time and the use the Save (table) button.
If Slice is Off, the time series of the Entire Clip will be exported as the selected Result.
If Slice is On, all Slices will be Exported, one slice per column:
Notes on “Excel” Tables:
- Data are exported as Tab delimited files.
- The decimal of the file follows the system settings of the computer.
- The extension of the file is .xls to make it easier to find with Excel.
- Because of the Tab delimited format of the file, Excel will come with a caution dialog box when opening it, but will still open it properly.
- From the tab-delimited data you can post-process for functions such as peak picking using Excel, MatLab or LabVIEW. Tab-delimited files are the most user-friendly for these tools. For MatLab you should normally export files only using the period . as the decimal symbol.
Psychoacoustic tools for Impulse Analysis
The Nordic method for Impulse Analysis (NT ACOU 112) is selected by using the Impulse function of the noiseLAB Batch Processor. This Nordic standard is currently on its way to becoming an International Standard.
3D Analysis of Spectra as a Function of Time
Using the Slice feature of noiseLAB Batch Processor you can view individual lines of frequency spectra as a function of time. The finest time resolution is 125 ms.
For the above signals, this is not sufficient resolution to resolve individual transients response, but the varying level of the 5910 Hz frequency selected by the Cursor on the upper graph, is still shown on the lower graph.
and likewise for the third octave spectrum.
A final example with two slowly decaying transients whose sound level plot is shown:
Now with FFT Analysis (3 Hz resolution) the first rapid decay of the 1029 Hz resonance:
and the slow dual slope decay at 1188 Hz:
And below the same transient analyzed with third octave analysis:
The initial impulse above is dominated by 1000 Hz which rapidly decays but is not as clearly differentiated as with the higher resolution of the FFT earlier shown.
The slow decay after 0.25 s is dominated by 1250 Hz as seen below where the leakage of the 1000 Hz component is not as strong.
You can freely slice in Time and Frequency by moving the respective cursors on the two plots.
These graphs as well as the corresponding tables can be exported as described above.
For more information contact: | <urn:uuid:f9cf95ff-60a8-46e7-ae42-3f6dbef04d2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://noiselabdk.wordpress.com | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.876832 | 1,971 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Bitcoin Miners Are Publishers Protected by the First Amendment.
New York’s Proof-of-Work Moratorium as a Case Study
New York’s legislative assembly passed Bill No. A07389 on June 2, 2022, “establishing a moratorium on cryptocurrency mining operations that use proof-of-work authentication methods,” such as those used by Bitcoin, “to validate blockchain transaction” (hereinafter, the “Moratorium”). In other words, the Moratorium singles out for regulation one of many different types of cryptocurrency protocol consensus algorithms. And it singles out for regulation the users — “miners” or “validators” — of one specific type of algorithm.
The Moratorium, if signed into law by the governor, will violate proof-of-work miners’ rights to free speech under the First Amendment.
This is because proof-of-work miners engage in protected speech by broadcasting blocks of data across a protocol’s network. In fact, Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, explained that proof-of-work miners are engaged in “publishing” data for the world to see on an immutable, distributed “timestamp server.”1 The Moratorium singles out block publishers on proof-of-work protocols for a financial burden not borne by block publishers of protocols using other consensus mechanisms. As this article will show, such content-based differentiation is unsustainable under the Supreme Court’s First Amendment precedent.
The Moratorium thus provides a well-tailored case study to demonstrate that proof-of-work miners, especially Bitcoin miners, are engaged in protected speech under the First Amendment. If such a precedent could, one day, be established, it would provide a strong defense for the proof-of-work mining industry (and Bitcoin itself) against burdensome regulations such as the Moratorium, or even outright bans.
To be clear, the argument presented here is not that Bitcoin itself is speech. While that argument can be made (as Justin Wales expertly demonstrated in his foundational law review article Bitcoin is Speech: Notes Toward Developing Conceptual Contours of its Protection Under the First Amendment, and as Allen Farrington identified in Bitcoin is Venice), that argument is unnecessarily broad for purposes of addressing the Moratorium. And, more fundamentally, we are too early for such a transformative argument. The judiciary is simply not conversant enough with the technological, economical, psychological, and philosophical underpinnings of Bitcoin to render a well-reasoned decision on whether Bitcoin is speech. The time will come. But we will get there incrementally, as the judiciary learns and applies its growing knowledge to each case it considers and each precedent it creates about Bitcoin.
So let’s start that process here, with our first case study on Bitcoin as speech, in the narrow context of proof-of-work mining.
This article first establishes that miners in a proof-of-work protocol are engaged in speech as contemplated by the First Amendment. We’ll focus on Bitcoin as our example, because this is the Bitcoin Brief, and because of its overwhelming share of the proof-of-work market. Next, the article will examine how that miner speech is burdened by the Moratorium. Finally, the article will analyze the Moratorium under the different levels of constitutional scrutiny implicated by it.
Bitcoin Miners Publish Blocks of Data to an Immutable, Shared Database
The Role of Miners
To understand how Bitcoin miners are engaged in speech, one must understand what miners do, and how they do it.
This requires first dispelling a common misconception about Bitcoin miners. A miner’s primary job in the Bitcoin protocol is not to issue new bitcoins. Andreas Antonopoulos explains it best:
Mining doesn’t work to create bitcoin. That is not the purpose of mining; that is a side effect. The way I can prove it’s a side effect is that one day, there will be no new bitcoin. But guess what? There will still be mining. Even after the last satoshi (the smallest unit of bitcoin) gets mined, mining continues. It must continue because its purpose is not to create bitcoin but to provide security, to provide validation of all of the transactions and blocks according to the consensus rules. Generating bitcoin is a side effect that currently serves as a mechanism of reward, creating game-theory incentives to make sure that the validation is done right. Once you understand that and you realize what we’re paying for is security, it changes the perspective slightly.2
Changes the perspective, indeed. “Miners” aren’t really miners at all. They are transaction validators. As Darin Feinstein has pointed out, the term “miner” misrepresents the true nature of these nodes in the Bitcoin network: they are accountants auditing the ledger. The term “miner” conjures images of some type of dirty, industrial process of pulling resources out of the ground. That doesn’t sound like speech.
What does sound a lot like speech is Nakamoto’s description of the auditing process in his White Paper, the foundational document he used to introduce and explain his creation. Nakamoto did not use the term “miner,” but he did use the verb “publish.” Explaining how Bitcoin solves the double-spend problem, Nakamoto said:
The solution we propose begins with a timestamp server. A timestamp server works by taking a hash of a block of items to be timestamped and widely publishing the hash, such as in a newspaper or Usenet post [2-5]. The timestamp proves that the data must have existed at the time, obviously, in order to get into the hash. Each timestamp includes the previous timestamp in its hash, forming a chain, with each additional timestamp reinforcing the ones before it.3
And, to “implement a distributed timestamp sever on a peer-to-peer basis,” Nakamoto implemented “a proof-of-work system …, rather than newspaper or Usenet posts,” which democratized and decentralized the process of publishing blocks “to record a public history of transactions” on the time chain, or blockchain.4
In other words, the role of Bitcoin miners is to “validate new transactions and record them on the global ledger.”5 Miners do this by aggregating together pending transactions that comply with the Bitcoin software’s rules and including them in a candidate block that the mining node will publish to the blockchain if it wins the proof-of-work contest for that round.
Let’s take a moment to examine how that proof-of-work contest functions, so we can better understand the data that miners are processing and writing to the ledger.
First, a simple analogy: miners compete to find a winning lottery ticket that grants them the ability to publish transactions to the blockchain.
The concept behind Proof of Work is that you participate in a random process, similar to rolling a die. But instead of a six sided die, this one has about as many sides as there are atoms in the universe. In order to roll the die and generate lottery numbers, your computer must perform operations that cost you in terms of electricity.
To win the lottery, you must produce a number which is mathematically derived from the transactions you want to write to the ledger plus the value of the die you rolled. In order to find this winning number, you may have to roll this die billions, trillions, or quadrillions of times, burning thousands of dollars worth of energy. Since the process is based on randomness, it is possible for everyone to generate their own lottery tickets without a central authority using just a random number generating computer and a list of transactions they want to write to the ledger.6
Next, some details. To generate winning lottery numbers, miners use the SHA256 hash function, or algorithm:
The algorithm for proof of work involves repeatedly hashing the header of the block and a random number with the SHA256 cryptographic algorithm until a solution matching a predetermined pattern emerges. The first miner to find such a solution wins the round of competition and publishes that block into the blockchain. 7
Hash functions like SHA256 take in data and produce a large, random number, called a hash. A hash is like a digital fingerprint, because “the output is deterministic: you always get the same output for the same input,” and it is “infeasible to find two strings that hash to the same output.”8
The SHA256 proof-of-work function is also a one-way function, meaning it is impossible to derive the input given only the output. But it is also asymmetric: given the input, anyone can run the algorithm once and verify the output. Thus, while it takes a miner many tries, using substantial compute power and energy, to produce a winning hash, it only takes a fraction of a second to verify the winning hash by the rest of the network.
To produce a hash for entry into the lottery, miners input the block header, plus a nonce, a number used only once. If the output hash is smaller than the target number (set by the Bitcoin software), the miner wins the right to publish the block that round.
So there you have it, that’s proof-of-work.
Proof of Work Miners Publish Facts and Opinions
With this background on proof-of-work in mind, we can now examine in detail the types of information miners publish. Data published in a winning block includes all pending transactions that fit within the block’s space limitation, metadata, and arbitrary data that the miners choose to include.
Specifically, miners write the following data into blocks.
The list of transactions;
The block header, which includes
the protocol version,
previous block’s hash (winning lottery number),
block’s Merkle root (hash of the list summarizing the block’s transactions),
the difficulty target number,
and the nonce (the arbitrary number used as part of input for the proof-of-work computation)9;
The generation or “coinbase” transaction (not to be confused with the company by the same name) that rewards the miner, comprised of
block subsidy (currently 6.25 bitcoin), and
miner’s bitcoin address to receive transaction10;
Coinbase data, which can include arbitrary messages from the miner.11
Although the mining process runs on computer code, block creation is not entirely predetermined. That is, it reflects deliberate choices that miners have made about which data to include. For example, miners can choose whether to include transactions with no fees (space permitting), and on which basis to include no-fee transactions.12 Miners also choose what messages to include in the coinbase transaction, from simply stating their name, to signaling support for proposals to upgrade Bitcoin’s software (called soft-forks).
Indeed, this signaling process for software upgrades is akin to voting, or, at a minimum, a non-binding straw poll. Before Bitcoin’s most recent upgrade, known as “Taproot,” mining pools (groups of miners pooling their hashing power together) included a message in their blocks signaling whether they intended to upgrade their software to accommodate the update. Miner votes were not necessary to implement the upgrade, but their indications of support meant that the transition would be a lot smoother.
Another example of a political message in coinbase data is found in the genesis block itself, the first block mined by Nakamoto:
This was a newspaper headline from the date of release. It was also a political statement about government interference in money.13
Once a miner finds a valid hash under the target number, it broadcasts its candidate block (with all its data, including the proof-of-work solution, visible for anyone to verify) across the Bitcoin network for validation by the other nodes. If the proof-of-work is valid (the miner expended the resources to generate a valid hash under the target), the nodes will include the block in their copies of the blockchain. Through this process, miners publish data contained within the block to the decentralized blockchain in perpetuity.
The Supreme Court has long held “that the creation and dissemination of information are speech within the meaning of the First Amendment.”14 As explained above, creating and disseminating information are quintessential actions of proof-of-work mining nodes, not mere by-products. Miners exist to construct candidate blocks containing details of thousands of verified transactions, as well as other data, for publishing and inclusion in the protocol’s blockchain. This process of propagating verifiable facts across the protocol’s network of nodes is, therefore, speech. “Facts, after all, are the beginning point for much of the speech that is most essential to advance human knowledge and to conduct human affairs.”15
Additionally, blocks reflect opinions held by miners, which range from the practical to the political.
Proof-of-work miners, therefore, quite clearly engage in speech. “[I]f the acts of ‘disclosing’ and ‘publishing’ information do not constitute speech, it is hard to imagine what does fall within that category.”16
The Moratorium Singles Out Proof-of-Work Publishers for Financial Burdens
The Moratorium is not an outright ban on proof-of-work algorithms. Instead, it places economic burdens on those mining companies running proof-of-work algorithms. But “[l]awmakers may no more silence unwanted speech by burdening its utterance than by censoring its content.”17
The Moratorium burdens proof-of-work miners by preventing access to lower-cost sources of electricity (for example, natural gas power plants). As currently drafted, it requires the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (“DEC”) to deny air pollution permits to any
electric generating facility that utilizes a carbon-based fuel and that provides, in whole or in part, behind-the-meter electric energy consumed or utilized by cryptocurrency mining operations that use proof-of-work authentication methods to validate blockchain transactions.18
And renewal applications will not be granted to these same carbon-based electricity providers if they seek contracts that would increase the energy consumed by proof-of-work miners.
Electricity is the necessary input of any data center, and represents the vast majority of any mining company’s operating expense. By limiting new and increased contracts for behind-the-meter electricity at carbon-based power plants, the Moratorium forces proof-of-work miners in New York to find alternative sources of energy, which are often more expensive. The Moratorium thus imposes a significant economic burden on proof-of-work miners — a burden not imposed on other data center operators or cryptocurrency protocol validators — solely due to the content of the data they process and publish (e.g., solutions to proof-of-work algorithms and transactions generated pursuant to the rules of the respective proof-of-work protocol).
The Supreme Court has not hesitated to strike down laws that impose economic burdens on speakers.19 In Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co. v. Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue, the Court invalidated a use tax on “paper and ink products consumed in the production of a publication.”20 This was a tax born only by the press, and it only applied to a small subset of the press (publications that consumed more than $100,000 worth of ink and paper). Even though Minnesota did not impose an outright ban on specific content, the Court nonetheless found this economic burden, which applied differentially to the press, was unconstitutional.
Electricity is to a proof-of-work miner what paper and ink are to a newspaper publisher: a component consumed in the process of publishing. Like the use tax in Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co., the Moratorium imposes a financial burden by increasing the cost of “behind-the-meter electric energy consumed” in the publishing process, which burden is born only by a specific category of speaker. And the Moratorium is even more “repugnant to First Amendment principles” than the use tax in Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co., because the Moratorium imposes its burden by drawing content-based lines.21
For that reason, the Moratorium bears similarities to a sales tax struck down in Arkansas Writers’ Project, Inc. v. Ragland, which taxed general interest magazines, but exempted newspapers, religious, professional, trade, and sports journals.22 In comparing the Arkansas sales tax to the use tax in Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co., the Court was particularly troubled by its content-based nature:
Indeed, this case involves a more disturbing use of selective taxation than Minneapolis Star, because the basis on which Arkansas differentiates between magazines is particularly repugnant to First Amendment principles: a magazine's tax status depends entirely on its content. Above all else, the First Amendment means that government has no power to restrict expression because of its message, its ideas, its subject matter, or its content. Regulations which permit the Government to discriminate on the basis of the content of the message cannot be tolerated under the First Amendment.23
Like the magazine tax in Ragland, whether the Moratorium applies to any particular protocol “depends entirely on its content.” Thus, and as argued more fully in the next section, the Moratorium’s content-based financial burden should be examined under the strictest scrutiny.
That Bitcoin miners are not part of the institutional press or mainstream media does not deprive them of the protections enjoyed by the newspaper and magazine publishers in the forgoing examples. The Supreme Court in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission found such protections applied to a corporation formed to distribute political media, reiterating that:
We have consistently rejected the proposition that the institutional press has any constitutional privilege beyond that of other speakers. With the advent of the Internet and the decline of print and broadcast media, moreover, the line between the media and others who wish to comment on political and social issues becomes far more blurred.24
The Court also rejected arguments to diminish protections based on the medium used to publish speech. The Court declared it would not “draw, and then redraw, constitutional lines based on the particular media or technology used to disseminate political speech from a particular speaker,” which would have further chilling effects and amount to a violation of the First Amendment by the judiciary itself.25
It makes no difference to the First Amendment that Bitcoin miners use the Bitcoin protocol and proof-of-work algorithm, rather than newspapers, to publish information.
The state of New York might defend the Moratorium by minimizing the burden to proof-of-work miners as a “temporary” pause on new and increased contracts for carbon-based energy, not a permanent ban or burden on compensation.
But the Supreme Court rejected a similar temporal argument in Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Members of the New York State Crime Victims Board, when it struck down a New York law requiring convicted criminals to escrow the proceeds of any sales of media depicting or recounting their crimes, in order to compensate victims.26 In Simon & Schuster, the publisher sued after New York enforced this law against it and Henry Hill, the infamous mobster-author of “Wiseguy,” an autobiography detailing Hill’s life as a “made man” for the New York mob (which Martin Scorsese turned into the Oscar-winning film “Goodfellas”).
New York tried to distinguish its escrow law from the tax in Ragland by emphasizing it did not confiscate funds outright, but held them for a period of time, after which, if no claims were made by victims, the funds would be returned to the author. The Supreme Court rejected this distinction out of hand, stating “this difference can hardly serve as the basis for disparate treatment under the First Amendment,” because both the escrow law and sales tax in Ragland were “forms of financial burden” that “operate[d] as disincentives to speak.”27
Likewise, here, the Moratorium may be temporary, but it nonetheless “operate[s] as [a] disincentive to speak.”28 Moreover, there is nothing preventing the “temporary” Moratorium from morphing into a permanent ban on the sale of “behind-the-meter electric energy consumed or utilized by cryptocurrency mining operations that use proof-of-work” by carbon-fuel-based electricity generators. (Indeed, a group of U.S. Senators recently has proposed just such a total ban on carbon-fuel-based energy to proof-of-work miners.)
The forgoing authorities demonstrate that the economic burdens imposed by the Moratorium are cognizable under the Supreme Court’s First Amendment jurisprudence.
The Moratorium Fails to Pass Any Level of Scrutiny Applied
Content-Based Regulations — Strict Scrutiny
The Moratorium imposes a burden on speech that is created as a result of, and in furtherance of, proof-of-work consensus protocols, but no other types of consensus mechanisms. It also specifically singles out two classes of speakers: (i) proof-of-work miners and (ii) carbon-fuel-based electricity providers that supply behind-the-meter electricity to those proof-of-work miners.
Thus, the Moratorium “imposes more than an incidental burden on protected expression. Both on its face and in its practical operation, [New York’s] law imposes a burden based on the content of speech and the identity of the speaker.”29
The Court recently reiterated the test for determining whether a regulation is content-based:
[A] law is content-based if a regulation of speech on its face draws distinctions based on the message a speaker conveys. That description applies to a law that singles out specific subject matter for differential treatment. For example, a law banning the use of sound trucks for political speech—and only political speech—would be a content-based regulation, even if it imposed no limits on the political viewpoints that could be expressed.30
The Moratorium undeniably “singles out specific subject matter” — proof-of-work algorithms — “for differential treatment.” No other cryptocurrency consensus mechanisms or algorithms are subject to the Moratorium’s freeze on carbon-fuel-based energy consumption. When determining whether to issue new or renewed air licenses to carbon-fuel-based energy providers, the Department of Environmental Conservation “must necessarily examine the content of the message that is conveyed” by any behind-the-meter cryptocurrency miners colocated at that energy provider.31 If the blocks published by miners colocated with the electricity provider contain solutions to proof-of-work algorithms and transaction data for cryptocurrency protocols secured by proof-of-work consensus mechanisms, the Department is prohibited from issuing the license.
“A statute is presumptively inconsistent with the First Amendment if it imposes a financial burden on speakers because of the content of their speech.”32 Accordingly, a “law that is content-based is subject to strict scrutiny.”33 Under strict scrutiny, the government bears the burden of proving:
“its regulation is necessary to serve a compelling state interest,” and
“is narrowly drawn to achieve that end.”34
Under this standard, laws are almost invariably declared unconstitutional. The highest level of scrutiny applies to content-based laws because:
Above all else, the First Amendment means that government has no power to restrict expression because of its message, its ideas, its subject matter, or its content. Regulations which permit the Government to discriminate on the basis of the content of the message cannot be tolerated under the First Amendment.35
Applying strict scrutiny, we first ascertain New York’s interest served by the Moratorium. The legislative findings included with the enacting bill identify “climate change” as a threat to the state. The bill continues, “[i]t is the policy of the State of New York to conserve, improve and protect its natural resources and environment and to prevent, abate and control water, land and air pollution.” And the bill identifies a concrete goal to reduce “statewide greenhouse gas emissions [by] … eighty-five percent by 2050 and that the state has net zero emissions in all sectors of the economy by that time.”
To be sure, the prevention of climate change and protection of the state’s natural environment are indeed weighty interests. There is little authority, however, on where this nebulous interest lies on the spectrum from “rational basis” (most deferential to government) to “compelling” (least deferential).
But even assuming for purposes of argument that climate change does present a compelling state interest, it is impossible for the state to prove that freezing greenhouse gas emissions at current levels from a single subset of only one industry is “narrowly drawn” to prevent climate change and protect the environment. Even if the state of New York froze all emissions within its borders, private and business-related, at current levels indefinitely, this would have negligible impacts on climate change. Climate change is a global phenomenon.
Nor is the Moratorium on proof-of-work cryptocurrency mining emissions narrowly drawn to achieve the state’s goal of reducing emissions by 85% by 2050 and rendering “all sectors of the economy” net-zero. Again, proof-of-work mining is but one subset of one industry within the New York economy.
There is no meritorious argument the state can marshal to rebut the presumption of unconstitutionality under a strict scrutiny analysis.
Commercial Speech — Intermediate Scrutiny
Proof-of-work data might also be considered commercial speech, as it could be argued that it “propose[s] a commercial transaction”36 This is, of course, not accurate, as the transaction data published by miners is almost always between other parties involving transactions to which miners are not a party. Moreover, miners publish blocks that contain data beyond mere transactional facts, as previously established, including political opinions. Nevertheless, a judge operating with a superficial understanding of proof-of-work mining could reach for an easy heuristic like commercial speech.
But “even speech that does no more than propose a commercial transaction is protected by the First Amendment.”37 Speech proposing a commercial transaction is, however, “entitled to lesser protection than other constitutionally guaranteed expression.”38
Commercial speech is regulated under intermediate or heightened scrutiny:
the speech must relate to “lawful activity and not be misleading”;
the governmental interest must be “substantial”; and
the law must “directly advance the governmental interest asserted,” and not be “more extensive than is necessary to serve that interest.”39
In other words, “[t]here must be a fit between the legislature’s ends and the means chosen to accomplish those ends.”40
Proof-of-work miners, by their nature, publish truthful facts about transactions that are verified by the protocol’s network of nodes. This is a lawful activity and not misleading.
Thus, under intermediate scrutiny, the state will have to prove the Moratorium “directly advances” a “substantial interest.” Again, the law is unsettled on where general climate change and greenhouse emissions goals fall within the spectrum of governmental interests. But even under intermediate scrutiny, the state cannot show that its targeting of a single subset of one single greenhouse-gas-emitting industry “directly advances” its climate goals, for the reasons discussed above.
While this is an easier standard for the state to meet, the Moratorium is simply too underinclusive and ineffective at its stated goals to pass any level of scrutiny applied. Nonetheless, any action challenging the Moratorium should avoid classification of proof-of-work block publishing as pure commercial speech in order to establish a precedent securing the highest levels of protection.
Miners securing cryptocurrency protocols through proof-of-work algorithms, such as Bitcoin, are publishers engaged in speech entitled to First Amendment protections of the highest order. Because of this, any law or regulation affecting proof-of-work miners must be generally applicable and content-neutral. Laws such as the Moratorium in New York Assembly Bill A7389C, which target proof-of-work miners based on the content of their speech, violate miners’ First Amendment rights and should be invalidated.
Thus, the Moratorium (once signed into law) provides a meaningful opportunity for a test case to establish favorable precedent shielding the proof-of-work mining industry from burdensome regulation — and even outright bans. And, because the issue of whether the Moratorium is narrowly drawn to prevent climate change would be litigated in such a case, it would also provide an opportunity to dispel energy misinformation and FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt), based on credible expert testimony and judicial fact-finding. Such a case could shift the narrative on Bitcoin mining and demonstrate the incredible benefits proof-of-work protocols provide to society.
The goal of this article has been to spark thoughtful argument and debate on an important issue pertinent to Bitcoin and Constitutional rights. Please feel free to contribute to the discussion by commenting here, on twitter, or by email.
Until next time,
See Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System 2 (2008), https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf (last visited June 21, 2022) (emphasis added).
Andreas Antonopoulos, The Internet of Money, Vol 2.
Nakamoto at 2.
Id. at 3.
Andreas Antonopoulos, Mastering Bitcoin 173 (2015).
Yan Pritzker, Inventing Bitcoin: The Technology Behind the First Truly Scarce and Decentralized Money Explained 25 (2019)
Mastering at 26.
Pritzker at 27.
Mastering at 180
Id. at 183-85
Id. at 185.
Mastering at 181.
See also W. Aaron Daniel, The Constitutional Argument for State Adoption of Bitcoin as Legal Tender (Part IV of IV): Bitcoin’s Faustian Bargain (May 2, 2022) (arguing the genesis block’s coinbase data was a political statement, as well as a timestamp).
Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc., 564 U.S. 552, 570, (2011) (law restricting sale of prescribing-doctor data for marketing purposes was unconstitutional).
Id. at 570.
Sorrell, 564 U.S. at 566 (citing Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Members of N.Y. State Crime Victims Bd., 502 U.S. 105, 115 (1991); Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co. v. Minnesota Comm'r of Revenue, 460 U.S. 575 (1983)).
See, e.g., Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co., 460 U.S. at 593 (tax on newspaper publishers’ use of ink and paper violated the First Amendment); Simon & Schuster, Inc., 502 U.S. at 115 (law impounding income derived from sale of convicted criminals’ memoirs imposed impermissible “financial burden” on both publishers and authors); Ark. Writers' Project, Inc. v. Ragland, 481 U.S. 221, 227, 107 S. Ct. 1722, 1727 (1987) (sales tax that applied to general interest magazines, but exempted newspapers and religious, professional, trade, and sports journals “burden[ed] rights protected by the First Amendment”); U.S. v. Nat'l Treasury Employees Union, 513 U.S. 454, 468 (1995) (law preventing government employees from earning honoraria for speeches, appearances, or articles was unconstitutional; law’s “prohibition on compensation unquestionably impose[d] a significant burden on expressive activity”).
460 U.S. at 577.
Ragland, 481 U.S. at 229-30.
481 U.S. at 223.
Id. at 229-30 (emphasis added; internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
Citizens United v. Fed. Election Com'n, 558 U.S. 310, 352 (2010) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted; emphasis added).
Id. at 326.
502 U.S. at 117.
502 U.S. at 116–17.
Sorrell., 564 U.S. at 567.
Ragland, 481 U.S. at 230.
Simon & Schuster, 502 U.S. at 115 (applying strict scrutiny).
Barr, 140 S. Ct. at 2347 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
Simon & Schuster, Inc., 502 U.S. at 118.
Ragland, 481 U.S. at 229-30 (internal citation and quotation marks omitted).
Id. at 421.
Id. at 422.
Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp., v. Public Service Comm'n., 447 U.S. 557, 566 (1980) (setting forth separate constitutional standard for regulations impacting commercial speech)).
Sorrell, 564 U.S. at 572 (“[T]he State must show at least that the statute directly advances a substantial governmental interest and that the measure is drawn to achieve that interest.”). | <urn:uuid:f78e1061-2a32-4f76-b182-b7abd0164844> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bitcoinbrief.io/p/bitcoin-mining-first-amendment?r=bw6a1&s=w&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=email | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.929805 | 7,083 | 1.664063 | 2 |
From 1951 to 1956, the MiG-15 was supplanted in production with a modernized version, the MiG-17. Neither the MiG-15 nor the MiG-17 was capable of supersonic flight, which was finally achieved by the MiG-19 series (in production from 1954 to 1961). Only 3,700 MiG-19s were produced; it was sold widely, but it had the misfortune to appear between the exceptional and long-lived MiG-17 and the equally successful MiG-21.
The MiG-19 was a counter to the F-100, and was arguably the worst fighter to come from the MiG stable since WWII. It was a nasty airplane, given to flameouts when the guns were fired, and a real dog in combat. Having many innovations compared with the MiG-17, the MiG-19 was the Russian equivalent of the F-100 Super Sabre. Both aircraft were marginally capable of attaining supersonic speed in level flight, the MiG-19 having achieved this as the first Soviet supersonic interceptor in December 1952 – four months ahead of the F-100. Like the North American fighter, it initially suffered from control ability problems at high speeds. Both aircraft were given larger vertical tail surfaces to improve stability, and both featured one-piece stabilators instead of elevators – an innovation in Russia, hence the “S” in MiG-19S.
The MiG-19’s importance in the evolution of MiG fighters far outweighed its brief Soviet air force (VVS) career. Skilled MiG-17 pilots were sometimes able to make brief supersonic dashes, but a genuine supersonic fighter was needed. As early as June 1950 Josef Stalin had told the heads of Russia’s aircraft industry that he wanted a twin-engined fighter that could be manufactured both as a radar-equipped all-weather interceptor and as a supersonic tactical fighter. Clearly, he was well ahead of Robert S. McNamara’s 1960s ideas of “commonality” in the USA.
Mikoyan saw that an increase in wing sweep had made his MiG-17 faster than the MiG-15, so he opted for a 55-degree sweep in the SM-2 prototype that was to pioneer Soviet supersonic flight. With a high T-tail, two Mikulin AM-5F engines and tail surfaces swept back to match the wing, the aircraft was barely supersonic. It also exhibited severe stability problems. The SM-2 was followed by the SM-9/1, which featured a fuselage-mounted tailplane, two afterburning AM-9B engines and three NR-23 cannons.
On its first flight on January 5, 1954, the new fighter exhibited vastly improved handling over the SM-2, and it was soon making regular supersonic flights. Indeed, tests showed it to be 205 knots faster than the MiG-17 at 32,800ft, and capable of attaining a ceiling of 51,500ft – 3,000ft higher than the “Fresco”. Designated the MiG-19 for service production, the aircraft was ordered for the VVS on February 17, 22 1954. Testing continued with the SM-9/2 and SM-9/3, proving the effectiveness of the “slab” tailplane layout and introducing a spoiler system to improve lateral control, as well as many refinements to the flight controls and their servos.
The SM-9/3 – dubbed “3 Red” – tested the production armament of three NR-30 30mm cannon, whose combined weight of fire (40lbs per second) was twice that of three NR-23s. Like the MiG-17, the SM-9/3 also had two underwing hardpoints to carry a 550lb bomb each. This was the pattern aircraft for MiG-19S “Farmer-C” production, with RD-9B engines (one of the first powerplants credited to designer Sergei K. Tumansky) each developing 7,164lbs thrust – almost twice that of the MiG-17’s VK-1F engine. Some gun-gas ingestion engine surges occurred when the nose cannon was fired, and it was found that the engines flamed out in a spin.
While the aircraft prepared to enter service, OKB MiG worked on its galaxy of experimental sub-variants, of which the MiG-19P and MiG-19PM were each produced in greater numbers than the MiG-19S (443, 369 and 317 units, respectively). Production of the former began in 1957 after only two years of MiG-19S manufacturing. Both sub-types were designed to use K-5M semi-active, air-to-air missiles as Soviet designers followed their Western counterparts into the missile age. Four were carried on underwing pylons, and they were guided by the fighter’s RP-5 Izumrud-2 radar. Two NR-30 cannon were retained, but only in the MiG-19P. Performance suffered from the drag of the missiles, and the flight control system in the MiG-19P/PM proved to be less reliable than that fitted in the MiG-19S. | <urn:uuid:2fd23960-6d7a-4733-870f-d62bfa6c23fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2015/09/28/mig-19/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.974857 | 1,119 | 3.390625 | 3 |
In a blog post for the mental health charity MQ, Matthew Warren discusses how we can protect ourselves against mental illness.
We’ve all heard of campaigns that tell us to eat our five a day to keep our heart healthy, to wear sunscreen to protect us from skin cancer or to make sure we get the flu jab in winter. These measures help to prevent physical health problems from occurring – but what about mental health? How do we protect ourselves against mental illness?
Right now, scientists are on a global mission to discover what puts people at risk of mental illness, and crucially, what makes someone resilient. This understanding opens up huge potential for creating interventions that can tackle mental health problems before they arise.
How does adversity impact the brain?
Professor Eamon McCrory is co-director of the Developmental Risk and Resilience Unit at University College London. He studies how maltreatment in childhood can put someone at risk of future mental health problems. “My work is really trying to understand how those early experiences get under the skin in ways that can increase vulnerability or resilience”, says Eamon.
His research has shown that child maltreatment changes how the brain processes emotional information. The group found that that children who suffered from maltreatment had greater activity in the amygdala, a key emotional-processing area of the brain, when presented with emotional facial expressions. There was a similar heightened response when a group of maltreated children recalled negative memories.
These studies suggest that children who are maltreated are hyper-sensitive to emotional situations. This focus can become problematic in a number of ways. As Eamon explains: “There could be a long-term impact on the ability of the child to cultivate and sustain positive relationships. Without strong support networks, a child is more vulnerable when new stressful events arise in the future.” Ultimately, this could lead to mood disorders or anxiety.
With a better understanding of how these changes in the brain can lead to mental health problems, we may be able to develop strategies to increase resilience in at-risk children. “I would imagine that the basis of a preventative intervention will be social at its core,” says Eamon. “Children may be more likely to recalibrate how they process their internal and external worlds through a relationship with trusted adults and peers.”
Fostering social support
Social aspects of resilience are also being explored by MQ-funded researcher Dr Anne-Laura van Harmelen, Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin fellow at the University of Cambridge. “Resilience is dynamic, so it can fluctuate,” she says. “How resilient you are can go up or down, depending on environmental or other influences.”
Anne-Laura is particularly interested in whether support from family and friends can increase resilience.
To answer this question, she looked at almost 800 adolescents from the ROOTS study. This project measured aspects of teenagers’ mood and lifestyle over the course of three years, so Anne-Laura’s group was able to examine how social support early in adolescence affected symptoms of depression later in at-risk teenagers.
Participants in the study who had experienced more bullying from peers or family when they were children tended to have more symptoms of depression at age 17. But when children had strong social support around them, their symptoms of depression decreased.
Importantly, the kind of support needed to match the type of adversity experienced. “If you had early negative family experiences, family support helped, but if you had negative experiences in the peer environment, friendships helped – but not the other way around,” says Anne-Laura.
These results come from statistical models, and Anne-Laura says that future studies are needed to conclusively show that social support promotes resilience: “You would have to have a group of people and increase their social support, and examine their response to that.”
Nevertheless, the results are promising. “I think all our findings in the lab really suggest that increasing these resilience factors might help. So increasing friendships and increasing family support could help reduce mental health problems,” she said.
Targeting the adolescent brain
Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore at University College London is an expert in the adolescent brain. She says that adolescence is a crucial time for targeting interventions, because it is a stage of life where the brain is still adaptable. “It’s a period of heightened plasticity, which increases both vulnerability to mental illness and also opportunity for things like rehabilitation and therapy.”
Sarah-Jayne is part of a project called My Resilience in Adolescence (MYRIAD), a seven-year programme investigating mindfulness run together with researchers from Cambridge and Oxford. Almost 6,000 children aged 11-14 will participate in the study, across 76 schools. Participants will either receive eight sessions of mindfulness, or teaching as usual. The researchers will then examine whether mindfulness training has a positive effect on measures like well-being and rates of depression.
The research is important as it is not yet clear whether mindfulness improves well-being in children. “Some schools already have mindfulness classes but the evidence-base really isn’t there yet. The randomised control trial in MYRIAD will help us understand if mindfulness classes in schools are beneficial for young people’s mental health and wellbeing,” says Sarah-Jayne.
The project has only recently started and results won’t be known for a few years. But in theory, many children might benefit from mindfulness.
Sarah-Jayne says: “The hypothesis is that it might be quite good for everyone, even children who are thriving. There are always times in young people’s lives that are stressful, like exams or sports matches, so mindfulness might be quite useful for everyone across the board, not just for those who are at risk of mental illness.”
A shift in focus
There are many other researchers – from across different scientific fields – also looking at resilience, from targeting the immune system to investigating the role of genetics. This shift in focus offers a new approach to tackling major challenges in mental health. If we are able to foster good mental health at an early stage in life, rather than waiting for conditions to emerge, then we might be able prevent the impact of debilitating conditions.
Eamon McCrory and Sarah-Jayne Blakemore will be speaking at MQ’s Mental Health Science Meeting in London on 1-2 February 2018. For further information and to register, please click here. | <urn:uuid:45aabafe-5ff6-4beb-b89c-0946ae7b8be2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk/news/article.php?permalink=5bad184d86 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956937 | 1,347 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The Finding My Future program was carefully designed as an easy to use yet engaging self discovery and planning process. The program is administered through a powerful question based framework that gets teens to quickly identify their unique strengths and how they will contribute to a future they're excited about...one they will be empowered to create for themselves.
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We're only accepting new students via application at this time. If you'd like to apply or just want more information, just enter your name and email address and we'll respond within 48 hours (usually sooner) with next steps. | <urn:uuid:365dfb3b-e9ba-4cd1-b0a2-12e768910eac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.findingmyfuture.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.977955 | 641 | 2.125 | 2 |
Photos : Stanly Bantwal
Jan 20 : A Church architecture exhibition was organized by the members of the Pariah Pastoral Parishad of the Rosario Cathedral as one of the post celebrations of 450 years of the of the Rosario Church, on Sunday 20th of January 2019 at Rosario Cultural hall. The Celebration of the day began with the mass at the Church. Rev. Fr Antony Shera, Secretary of Catholic Board of Education, Mangalore Diocese celebrated the mass, Rector of the Cathedral and other priests concelebrated.
Recently the students of the department of the architecture of Srinivas Engineering College had taken part in National Architecture competition at New Delhi and they won first place with drawings of Rosary Cathedral Mangaluru. The students of the Srinivas Engineering College had taken major role in exhibiting various drawings of the architecture of the Rosary Cathedral. They presented all the drawing of the Rosary Cathedral which they had presented for the competition at Delhi.
The Church architecture consists of various styles respectively Gothic, Romanesque and Byzantine. Rev. Dr Ronald Serrao, the Dean and Professor of Liturgy of St Joseph seminary inaugurated the exhibition and spoke on the importance of the architecture of the Church and explained various types of architecture, and how it has influenced the liturgy and the way of life of the people in the Catholic Church. He also said that we need to give importance to the church architecture when we build new Church buildings. He also said that this is one of the unique and first exhibition on Church architecture exhibition arranged by the members of the Rosary Cathedral in the diocese of Mangalore. Along with the architectural drawings, audio visuals on the Church architecture were arranged at the venue. The program attracted a large number of people of the city.
Frs, Flavian Lobo – the Assistant Parish Priest, Fr Rocky Fernandez – the Principal of Rosario Management College, Fr Victor D Souza – the principal of PU College, Fr Paul D Souza from Sullia, Fr Anil Fernandes – the Rector of Minor Seminary, Mr C J Simon the Vice president of the Pastoral Parishad, Mr William Pais and many other dignitaries were present for the program.
The Rector Fr J.B. Crasta welcomed the guests. Ms Carol D’ Souza the animator and students architecture and the associate professor of Srinivas Engineering College of architecture proposed vote of thanks. Mrs Elizabeth Roach the secretary compered the program. A large number of people viewed the exhibition. | <urn:uuid:60d1064d-373a-4f3a-92a7-dc319520d803> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dioceseofmangalore.com/mangaluru-a-unique-and-first-exhibition-on-church-architecture-held-at-rosario-cathedral/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.967824 | 523 | 1.515625 | 2 |
In this paper, I argue that Callimachus’ Hymn to Artemis was written in honor of the princess Berenike, daughter of Berenike II and Ptolemy Euergetes in 239 or 238 BCE. This identification makes the Hymn to Artemis Callimachus’ latest datable work and could push back the presumed date of Callimachus’ death, which is usually placed around 240-238 BCE. My argument is based on evidence from a trilingual inscription from 238 BCE known as the Canopus Decree (OGIS 56) as well as intertextual ties to Callimachus’ twelfth Iambus.
Throughout his works, Callimachus frequently praises the Ptolemaic family. This is especially prevalent in the Hymns, in which side-by-side praise of god and ruler blurs the line between mortal and divine. Sometimes this praise is overt: Apollo foretells the birth of “another god,” Ptolemy Philadelphos, in the Hymn to Delos (165) and, although it is highly fragmentary, the title of the Deification of Arsinoe leaves no question as to its content. At other times, however, the praise is more subtle, leading to debate about whom precisely Callimachus has in mind when, for example, he praises “my king” (Hymn to Zeus 86, Hymn to Apollo 27). The Hymn to Artemis presents similar difficulties, for we have no external information about the date, addressee, or the possible occasion for its composition.
Scholars have linked the Hymn to Artemis to Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy Soter, due to a cameo depicting her in the guise of the goddess (Acosta-Hughes and Cusset 2012) as well as to Berenike II, whom Callimachus honors in the Lock of Berenike and the Victoria Berenices (Depew 2004, Gutzwiller 2007). Both Arsinoe and Berenike were associated with—and worshipped as—Demeter/Isis and Aphrodite, however, making their association with a virgin goddess incongruous, especially in a hymn which emphasizes her perpetual partheneia from the start (6). Instead, I argue that the Hymn to Artemis was written for a real-life perpetual parthenos, the deified daughter of Euergetes, who died at a young age in 238 BCE.
The Canopus Decree announces the princess Berenike’s post-mortem deification and proscribes the worship accompanying her divinity. We have limited information for her brief life, but scholars have argued that she was no more than a year old when she died (Bennett 2002). In the decree she is first referred to as a parthenos (47) and then specifically called the Mistress of Parthenoi (61). She is also compared to the Egyptian daughter of Helios/Ra, who was the “sight” and “crown” (56) of her father. The themes of virginity and paternal love in the Decree provide a clear link to the goddess Artemis in Callimachus’ hymn, who is depicted as a young girl, a favorite of her father, asking him for eternal maidenhood.
I argue that this claim is supported by Callimachus’ Iambus 12, which was written for the hebdoma or seventh-day celebration of the birth of a girl to Callimachus’ friend Leon. The Iambus’ narrative told of Hebe’s hebdoma, but the poem itself begins with a prayer to Artemis and has clear intertextual ties to the Hymn to Artemis and the Hymn to Zeus, mentioning both Cretan Artemis and the empty tomb of Zeus in what remains of the opening 16 lines. The fact that Iambus 12 was written for a little girl and has clear connections to the Hymn to Artemis supports the argument that the Hymn to Artemis was written for a little girl as well, maybe even also in celebration of her hebdoma.
If indeed the Hymn to Artemis was written for the princess Berenike in 239 or 238 BCE, this information supplements our scant knowledge of the end of Callimachus’ life and career. It also broadens our picture of which members of the Ptolemaic family were praised and in what guise, expanding our view of the politics of Callimachus’ Hymns.
Contexts and Paratexts of Hellenistic Poetry | <urn:uuid:77513315-0534-4941-a7e0-e0764ff95019> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://classicalstudies.org/annual-meeting/145/abstracts/leanna-boychenko | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961201 | 990 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The Times view on Surfers Against Sewage, a charity that will benefit from our Christmas Appeal
Cleaning up Britain’s coast and rivers is a noble and overdue cause
Surfers Against Sewage, the first of our charities chosen to benefit from the Times Christmas appeal, is something of a misnomer. Although it began life in 1990 among the surfing community of north Cornwall, most of its activists nearly three decades on are not devotees of the perfect wave. They would happily settle for one unencumbered by rubbish. SAS volunteers are organised in a loose network dedicated to cleaning up their local beach or waterway. Nor is sewage any longer the chief object of their ire, that problem having largely been solved by tougher legislation in part inspired by the early efforts of the charity. The main substance polluting Britain’s seas, rivers and canals is, you guessed it, plastic.
SAS has organised more than | <urn:uuid:c569f3cc-9819-4c1c-a2d6-5485cd9db1f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-times-view-on-surfers-against-sewage-a-charity-that-will-benefit-from-our-christmas-appeal-gvh70n6j2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963576 | 190 | 2.234375 | 2 |
by E. Scott Geller and Bob Veazie
This realistic narrative on the psychology of self-motivation will help you bring out the best in yourself and others. Human behavior is complex and it is difficult to change organizational culture. Within these pages you will find how personal courage, compassion, and determination, as well as family, friends, and mentors can help us stretch to achieve the organizational change we might at times find impossible. Dr. Geller shows readers how to live a self- motivated life and lead others to feel more self-motivated and thereby optimize their performance. | <urn:uuid:026ead3d-5a82-4075-a52c-46d23ea06606> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://behavior.org/product/when-no-ones-watching-living-and-leading-self-motivation-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.943245 | 120 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Victoria is COVID-free for the first time this year, after the Health Department declared the final active case in the state had recovered.
The case was in an international air crew member reported early in March.
So what does the next chapter of the pandemic look like for Victorians?
We have to figure out how to manage international arrivals
The University of Melbourne's head of global health, Nancy Baxter, said the "remarkable" COVID-free status should be appreciated given the situation facing most communities around the globe.
"I mean, we worked very hard to get here, but how very, very fortunate we are to be in this situation," Professor Baxter said.
"One of the things, though, I think, that we need to keep in mind is that this may be the only time period we are COVID-free.
"Once we started opening up [our borders], we will get COVID in Australia.
"So I think we'll need to kind of reset our thinking a bit."
Victoria put its hotel quarantine program on hold when another outbreak from hotel quarantine was detected in February.
The government says it's waiting for the outcome of a review being led by Deputy Chief Health Officer Allen Cheng into what highly infectious strains of the virus mean for the state's ongoing quarantine program.
But Prime Minister Scott Morrison is keen for Victoria to pick up its hotel quarantine program as soon as possible.
On Monday, COVID-19 Quarantine Victoria (CQV) revealed the Novotel and Ibis Melbourne Central hotel was being fitted out to become a quarantine facility following a ventilation assessment.
The announcement made clear that while the government plans to develop a Howard Springs-style quarantine facility in the future, hotel quarantine is likely to resume first.
CQV said all onsite staff at the quarantine hotel would receive their first vaccine injection before operations began.
The health department said on Monday night that "almost all" current hotel quarantine workers had already had the first jab.
Professor Baxter said if all workers had at least had their first vaccination injection, the outbreak risk of hotel quarantine would be greatly reduced.
"I think once they're all vaccinated, I think that that is a real game-changer in terms of the risk of community transmission from hotel quarantine," she said.
The Victorian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) director Paul Guerra said he supported an ongoing freeze on hotel quarantine until the government was confident major outbreaks could be prevented.
"We've seen three outbreaks as a result of hotel quarantine and that's put businesses and in some cases livelihoods at risk in the state," he said.
"And we think it's appropriate that it stays on hold until we have a solution and a system that will ensure that there's no further breaches."
Dan Andrews will be out of action for another month at least
Making a call on restarting hotel quarantine could fall to Acting Premier James Merlino, who's in the chair while Daniel Andrews recovers from a serious spinal injury.
Given the political heat surrounding Victoria's quarantine programs during the pandemic, it's possibly a decision Mr Merlino was hoping to avoid.
But last week Mr Andrews confirmed his leave would last for "at least six weeks", meaning he's unlikely to return until late April at the earliest.
How is Victoria tracking on its vaccine rollout?
As the nation enters Phase 1b of its coronavirus vaccine rollout, Victoria is preparing for an accelerated delivery of the locally manufactured Astra Zeneca vaccine.
High-volume vaccination centres have been set up at the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre and the Royal Exhibition Building.
It's a welcome contrast to the situation a year ago, when the state government was mulling over the possible use of the huge buildings as makeshift clinics or morgues.
The Health Department says this week is a "soft launch" to ensure everything is running smoothly before ramping up capacity.
Two high-volume vaccination centres are already operating at the Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital and Sunshine Hospital.
"All of the states, and definitely Victoria, are really going to have to ramp up delivery, if they want to have everyone vaccinated by the end of the year, let alone by October," Professor Baxter said.
"That's going to require a lot of focus, a lot of you know logistics in that.
"All countries that have kind of started the vaccination, it started out kind of slow, there's been a lot of challenges to get to the smooth delivery."
We'll have to weigh our own needs with those of our neighbours
While millions of Australians eagerly await their vaccination appointments from the safety of a relatively COVID-free nation, Papua New Guinea is in the grips of a terrifying and deadly wave of infections.
Its medical system is on the brink of being completely overwhelmed, with fears many more patients will die in hospital carparks and emergency departments as they wait to be treated.
Professor Baxter said Australian governments also needed to have a conversation about the possibility of setting many more vaccines aside to help.
She said given the close ties between the two nations, an outbreak in PNG posed a threat to Australia too.
"That's our closest neighbour," she said.
"If you don't really care about the humanitarian aspect of it, just thinking about protecting ourselves."
Professor Baxter said given Australia was unlikely to fully open up to international travel until 2022, pursuing a goal of full vaccination by October may not be the most important priority.
"What does it really matter if we're all vaccinated by October or December," she said.
"If diverting some vaccine right now to PNG, helps control the problem in PNG, that's going to have more of an impact on us, honestly, than then getting everyone else really vaccinated a month sooner."
Will day-to-day restrictions be easing?
Mr Guerra said businesses wanted to see hospitality density limits eased further.
Mr Guerra said the limits should increase from one person per 2 square metres to perhaps three people per 4 square metres, before hopefully moving to no density limit.
"And if we can go back to 100 per cent straight away that would be ideal," he said.
He said lifting the crowd limits at sporting matches was also a priority.
"As people come in to those sporting events, the spill-on to hospitality and retail venues in the proximity of those sporting events is important," he said.
The government has announced AFL crowd caps will be boosted to 75 per cent of stadium capacity in time for round two on Thursday.
Things like QR code sign-ins and masks on public transport and in crowded places are more likely to remain for the long term, as insurance policies to mitigate the impact of future outbreaks.Ask us your coronavirus questions | <urn:uuid:e35d2444-d042-46b3-9383-cc37026f506c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-23/victoria-covid-free-hotel-quarantine-still-on-hold/100020426 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971807 | 1,392 | 1.5 | 2 |
Calendar is usually a system to note a period (this sort of as the case). These names these are known as calendar dates. This date may just be using the movements of celestial bodies like the sun and moon. Calendars can also consider tools that illustrate the system.
As well as on this occasion we will reveal about opm printable calendars for 2020 i hope what we should supply below works well for you actually. | <urn:uuid:0ec62129-4fb8-4b8c-b5f1-6b70153065f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://simplecalendaryo.net/28522-opm-printable-calendars-for-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956012 | 86 | 1.742188 | 2 |
A radical historicization shows that there is a link between borders in the Global North and the unsettling of communities in the Global South. It also shows that the current border regime is part of a larger and older project of colonial accumulation by displacement and expulsion; stealing wealth, labour force and time.
This Research School will focus on the historical and ongoing practices of displacement and expulsion, which not only take place across state borders but also include local practices targeting indigenous people, racialized citizens and the poor. In doing so, we engage with the following questions.
What continuities can we identify between past and present forms of expulsion and political and social abandonment?
What does the incorporation of the past and present colonial order have to offer to our analysis of different intersecting bordering practices?
What mechanisms are behind the spatial and temporal stretching of expulsion that expels people from the sphere of rights?
How do bordering practices shape specific ways of knowing about displacement and expulsion?
How can we study borders and bordering practices without becoming complicit with the world that has produced them?
What alternative ways are there to imagine the world beyond the territorial trap of the nation state?
The five-day program of the RS will offer collective interventions into the debate on these and more related questions.
A Mother’s Body is an intimate portrayal of two women hotel cleaners from a daughter’s perspective. While the women perform their daily work, the daughter reflects on how their profession affects their bodies and relationship to time. Meanwhile, the women navigate and negotiate the demands of the strenuous labour with experience, preciseness, and beauty.
Thursday 25 November 4 pm
Accelerator’s café is open for mingle and refreshments. The film is approx. 8 min.
Jonelle Twum is a filmmaker, pedagogue, researcher and cultural producer who explores in her work conditions of visibility/invisibility, memory and history from a black feminist perspective. Twum is also the founder of Black Archives Sweden, a contemporary archive centered around the experiences and narratives of Afro-Swedes and Black people in Sweden.
Shahram Khosravi is a professor in Social Antrophology at Stockholm university.
My honor to be in an online conversation with Alie Ataee, a writer known as “The writer of borders”. She is one of the most interesting contemporary writes in Iran. The conversation will be in Persian. She has a chapter in a forthcoming book I co-edit: ‘Seeing Like a Smuggler’ (Pluto Press)
“Along the Southern portion of the I-5 freeway in California appears a yellow sign depicting the silhouette of a man, woman, and female child in flight, captioned with text in black stating “Caution.” In the United States, the sign’s clear reference is to “illegal migration,” and serves as a meme for longstanding debates about immigration to the United States. But the sign has a different association in Europe, where the identical image of running man, woman and child has been popularly paired with the text “Welcome Refugees.” The sign’s history, and its afterlife as a symbol of bodies moving across nation-state borders reveals unpredictable resignification, and starkly diverging understandings of human flight.”
Date: Monday 16 September 2019
Time: 5.00 pm
Place: Konstnärsnämnden, Iaspis Studio 6
Address: Maria skolgata 83, Stockholm
Welcome to a conversation between artist and Iaspis grantholder Pedro Oliveira and anthropologist ShahramKhosravi on the culture of disbelief created in and by the asylum seeking process. In this process, bodies are turned into data to be read or into evidence to be used in evaluation of the deservingness of the asylum seeker. In an environment of scepticism, immigration authorities aim to discredit asylum claims rather than to establish their substance; this can take many forms, amongst them measuring and translation of body, matter, voice, and accent. Through performance and dialogue Pedro Oliveira and Shahram Khosravi will intervene on the different temporalities present in this process, transposing it back onto the domain of listening and speaking. | <urn:uuid:6673ee23-748c-4547-859c-70f18d60f63e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.criticalborderstudies.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.939119 | 881 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A follow-up study of the association between mobile phone use and symptoms of ill health
maandag, 30 januari 2017 - Categorie: Onderzoeken
Environ Health Toxicol. 2016 Dec 29. doi: 10.5620/eht.e2017001. (Epub ahead of print)
Cho YM 1, Lim HJ 2, Jang H 2, Kim K 2, Choi JW 2, Shin C3, Lee SK 3, Kwon JH 4, Kim N 5.
1 Institute for Life & Environment Technology, Smartive, Seoul, Korea.
2 Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
3 Institute of Human Genome Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
4 EM Environment Research Team, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea.
5 Division of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea.
The duration and frequency of mobile phone calls, and their relationship with various health effects, have been investigated in our previous cross-sectional study. This two-year period follow-up study after aimed to assess the changes in these variables of same subjects.
The study population comprised 532 non-patient adult subjects sampled from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. The subjects underwent a medical examination at a hospital in 2012/2013 and revisited the same hospital in 2014/2015 to have the same examination for the characteristics of mobile phone use performed. In addition, to evaluate the effects on health, the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form (PWI-SF), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) were analyzed. For all these tests, the higher the score, the greater the effect on health. Variances between scores in all the indices in the baseline and follow-up surveys were calculated, and correlations of each index were analyzed.
The average duration per call and HIT-6 score of the subjects decreased significantly compared with those recorded two years ago. The results showed a slight but significant correlation between call duration changes and HIT-6 score changes for female subjects, but not for males. HIT-6 scores in the follow-up survey significantly decreased compared to those in the baseline survey, but long-time call users (subjects whose call duration was ≥5 min in both the baseline and follow-up surveys) had no statistically significant reduction in HIT-6 scores.
This study suggests that increased call duration is a greater risk factor for increases in headache than any other type of adverse health effect, and that this effect can be chronic.
Headache Impact Test-6; headaches; mobile phones; non-specific symptoms
Lees verder in de categorie Onderzoeken | Terug naar homepage | Lees de introductie | <urn:uuid:81e4932b-0021-4dc6-8d14-45bc66642cb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stopumts.nl/doc.php/Onderzoeken/10432/a_follow-up_study_of_the_association_between_mobile_phone_use_and_symptoms_of_ill_health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.865291 | 683 | 1.96875 | 2 |
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