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They gave us their hearts
with leaky valves.
The tools they fashioned
hang on our walls
though we no longer reap or sow.
They lumber through our dreams
murmuring of blood
till morning mist rises
and we wake
wearing their faces, our voices theirs.
The Undead in the title of my new collection of poems are the ones who came before us, who in part made us the way we are, who defined the limits of our hopes. It’s spooky, but it’s not supernatural. Our collective history on this continent has been misrepresented, misremembered and, most often forgotten. Our settler ancestors have been too busy transforming the environment to really know and understand it, with consequences still to be seen. Some say the past is best forgotten, or better, repudiated. But not so fast. With no sense of the past behind us, the fast-approaching future haunts us.
Most of my forebears emigrated from England and Ireland directly to Canada in the 1830s and 1840s, but very soon, as they married the locals and became Canadian, their children and grandchildren had ancestors, through their Canadian spouses, who had been Champlain’s filles du roi or, like mine, had been Puritans and Separatists seeking religious freedom in New England in the 1600s. Even now immigrants from, say, Taiwan or Syria settle in Canada and before long, some of their children or grandchildren will probably be able to trace their ancestry back to the Mayflower. That’s part of our story, and it holds some of the answers to how our country got to be the way it is. Faulkner said “the past is never dead, it’s not even past.”
Anyway, how about my book, The Undead?
Beginning with a family history compiled in 1927 and presented by his sons to my great-grandfather Eli Morton on the shores of Lake Simcoe north of Toronto, I try to follow the path Mortons and the neighbours they married trod from the northern States to the shores of Lake Simcoe (in what was then the Home District of Upper Canada). That was home to my great-grandfather Eli’s grandfather, Elder Squire Morton. An itinerant lay preacher, Squire ranged widely on his twice-yearly missionary trips, between Niagara in the west and Oshawa in the east, and he gave a corner of his farm for the first Methodist (“Christian”) church in the district. His grave marker in Unionville cemetery quotes New Testament scripture about having “fought the good fight” and continues with ever smaller, more cramped and illegible scripture, indicative perhaps of the sermons the elder gave in kitchens, school rooms, and on hillsides “from Sharon north to the lake.”
That evangelical streak, which continued well into the 20th century in parts of the family, was deeply grounded on the other side of the family too. In my poems I’ve focused on only a few of them, because I have an idea of how quickly such stories get boring.
Also, I don’t look only at my direct forebears – my interest isn’t about blood lines or even DNA, the family tree is wide. It’s the cultural baggage we carry (sure, white privilege, in my case) that I’d like to understand and, if possible, influence. In this I guess I’m like the radical preachers in colonial New England. Like Obadiah Holmes (actually my wife Mary Lee Bragg’s direct ancestor, as well as Abraham Lincoln’s), who took his thirty lashes at the Boston whipping post for false preaching and afterward said they felt like rose petals. Like Jonathon and Richard Dunham, alias Singletary, whose wanderings and rantings brought him charges of witchcraft in Salem (and whose descendant Barack Obama became president).
The Puritans arrived on the continent not so much as invaders but as refugees from religious discrimination, wanting to be left alone to create their new Jerusalem in peace,
where dwelt “none of contrary view”
Neither Quaker nor Baptist
nor vagrant nor vagabond.”
This sounds wrong to us now that diversity has replaced piety as a social virtue, and the Puritans’ wish to remain separate from the rest of the world was as doomed as that of the native peoples. But I’m afraid that their conviction they were saved and everyone else was damned got in the way of peace and respect and still lingers in some minds today, hindering us in getting to reconciliation. Just one of the ways the “undead” continue to haunt us.
The breaking point came in 1676 with what has been called King Phillip’s War. The war ended terribly for King Phillip, the Wampanoag chief who tried to take back the land he had sold. Many died in the fighting, but more from disease or starvation after being driven out of their villages. The rest were taken in and absorbed by neighboring tribes. The English settlers suffered badly too: in proportion in the population, King Phillip’s War was more devastating than the Civil War two centuries later. A third of English towns and villages were destroyed or abandoned, including the “frontier” town of Groton, Massachusetts, where two of my direct ancestors (John Nutting and his son John) were killed, and another (Major Simon Willard) led the militia that raised the siege of the town. In the kind of collective punishment that I decried when practised against Sitting Bull’s Lakota in my book The Hundred Cuts, the Wampanoag and their allies attacked English farms at random, including the home of my ancestor Thomas Eames, who left an itemized account of every lamb, wagon, blanket and sack of corn he lost, beginning with “a wife and nine children.” The compensation awarded him by the colonial government after the war was “200 acres near to Mount Waite”; coincidentally “near to Mount Waite” in Rhode Island is where King Phillip’s home village had been located, the last piece of land he did not sell.
Working back through time, the way researchers do, my series attempts to wind back the centuries to the moment when a Wampanoag walked out of the forest and said to the Pilgrims, “Welcome English, let us help each other.”
Then I step back to the present, with the future careening toward us at a terrifying pace. We face tough challenges, steep odds. But then, so did they, the undead.
Have we all now turned millennial?
Après moi, you say, the year of the flood.
But we’ve seen the world end before, on the big screen,
and we feel helpless. Hopeless.
For each of us the future is brief.
Maybe that’s why imagination
turns dystopian. Without us, we say
the world will be empty, desolate.
Look back. They had so much
to look forward to then –
ourselves, strong and free,
wearing their faces.
This poem, from my collection The Local Cluster, is featured in the 2018 Poem-in-Your-Pocket online anthology coproduced by the American Academy of Poets and the League of Canadian Poets. The anthology is free for download and full of fine words. So download it and keep it handy. Meanwhile, here is my poem from the anthology. If you like it and would like to receive my book, email me at firstname.lastname@example.org
In the summer of 1945, in Holland awaiting repatriation, my father wrote and distributed a tabloid magazine for the members of his Royal Regiment group. Of course it included an interview with his chaplain and personal friend, Rev. Curry, who gave him some packages from home that could not be delivered, to help out. Thus my father “sold dead men’s cigarettes on the streets of Utrecht to pay the printer.” Here’s a poem I wrote much later:
The day peace was declared
he stood ankle deep in the flooded Rhine.
While squadrons of air command passed overhead
he walked out into a pitted field
and said to himself, What now?
I’m out of a job.
That summer he kept busy
writing, designing, collecting stories
for his regiment’s tabloid.
Sold dead men’s cigarettes on the streets of Utrecht
to pay the printer.
At home he worked behind a desk
accounting for products he had no hand in.
He ran an office here or there,
moved cities, joined clubs, had a hobby or two.
And on cool spring nights
he sometimes went walking
out beyond the streetlights where
he’d stop and stare up
at the starless sky.
- Colin Morton
With the albums of snapshots
pretty as a postcard
go the half-spent rolls of wrapping paper,
old Time and People magazines,
half jars of relish,
the dried pens she meant to buy refills for,
and my mother’s button jar
I used to sort – coloured and clear ones,
navy buttons with anchor insignia –
beach pebbles picked up on travels,
seashells in which you can hear the tide,
all the memories that once clung to these things
like coral to stone.
since our own weigh heavy already
and we want to travel light when we go.
The snaps we once made fun of, these we keep,
if only to bury in closets of our own:
Mom in front of a mountain or cathedral
smiling with friends none of us knew
or knew she knew, on field trips we
were no part of, with X and Y,
without Z, who must have been behind the lens.
Furniture went first, to family or friends in town,
the Sally Ann, or just as far as the curb;
hazardous lamps with hanging heads and scruffy cords;
the toaster that either scorched or left the bread limp;
unreadable diskettes with copies of letters
we discarded soon after they arrived at our doors.
The walker and oxygen tanks go back to the clinic
where someone is breathlessly waiting.
Garbage bags of unsorted debris pile up at the door,
and someone has to rummage
for the coffee maker discarded in haste,
for now her apartment is bare
we can’t just lock the door and go
the way she did, too suddenly.
So we stand, door open,
for last goodbyes, one more story.
We have been too hasty,
impatient to finish the unwanted job.
The coffee is stale, she long ago lost the taste for it.
But we linger at the kitchen counter,
nowhere left to sit,
and wonder which of us will be next
to impose this burden on the others.
A story that always made us laugh
has a hollow echo now.
We look into one another’s eyes
a bit longer than usual, uncertain
who should take her keys and lock the door.
I ask myself, how often will my writing be included in an anthology with Louise Gluck, W.S. Merwin, C.D. Wright and the rest, and my answer is, this bears repeating. Here is my poem from Poem in Your Pocket. You can download a free copy of the anthology from the Academy of American Poets or from the League of Canadian Poets.
Ottawa publisher rob mclennan celbrates 25 years of above/ground press. Here’s my tribute, one of many
Around 1993, the books editor of the Citizenphoned me to ask, for an article, who were to most promising Ottawa poets under 25. I waffled a minute, saying that 25 is young to be judging a poet, it takes years to develop, then named the most active young poet I knew, rob mclennan. “But isn’t he mainly an impresario?” replied the editor, who had been talking to others before me. I admitted that may be true, but rob got his own back a few years later, winning a national award as most promising under 30. He has not slowed down since, showing what I’ve always said: that persistence, stubbornness, is half of what it takes to be any kind of artist.
I don’t remember at what Ottawa reading or literary event I first met rob, but first he wasn’t there, and then he was everywhere, organizing readings, handing out poems on single sheets of folded coloured paper, publishing magazines and chapbooks, often of his own lines and verses, but including everyone from the established and the iconic (George Bowering) to the newly arrived (Stephanie Bolster) and the aspiring student at Canterbury high school.
On the tenth anniversary of above/ground press, rob organized a reading and asked those of us reading to write a poem for an instant anthology. My poem was called “Ten Reasons for Staying Above Ground” and included, among the ten, “to see what rob gets up to next.” He hasn’t disappointed. There’s always something new, and the Internet has only amplified the range of his hyperactivity.
Mainly an impresario? It’s hard to maintain that about a writer with such a bibliography, but even if so, isn’t that great for the many he has helped? I’m still curious about what he’ll do next.
To get ready for some renovations in the basement, I am shedding books. Shelves have to go, and so do most of their denizens.
Trimming the bookshelves has become a pastime in recent years, as I have moved to smaller digs and must make room for the books I continue to buy every week or so. This time, the trimming is radical. I have four messy piles: books and printed matter to recycle; books to trade in at the used bookstore; books to give to charity; books I’ll keep, at least until next time.
Trashing or recycling books seems reckless, but these ones have yellowed over the decades, or been read to tatters, and may have already been passed over by the bookstores. Along with them go dozens of the literary magazines I read and aspired to publish in back in the 70s, 80s and 90s (and later). I’ll keep the ones that do have my writing in them, for now. It’s interesting to look at the tables of contents and see not only friends but other writers I know now but didn’t know when our poems and stories and reviews were published together.
The signed and inscribed books, especially, are not for discarding. I don’t want my friends finding a copy of their own book on a discount shelf somewhere, their warm greetings to me on view to the curious. Even after my death, I’d prefer that they stay together, these three or four hundred personal invitations to art. I doubt, however, that there are enough libraries or poets’ centres or archives to make room for all these collection of preserved moments – for certainly hundreds of my fellow poets have similar book collections on their shelves.
Unfortunately, I know what will happen to a lot of these collections. After the death of the person who owned and cherished them, the books will be discarded by the harried inheritors – sold by the box at estate sales, broken up to disparate collectors, pulped, discarded, turned into cardboard boxes. This is the way of all things: they decay, they annoy, they take up space, they are taken care of to make space, they are gone, forgotten. There is a long history of lost books, and the digital age will not bring it to an end.
Against mortality, however, I’ve decided to look again through all these book signed to me personally, to remember the poet I shared a moment or an evening with, or many evenings over a lifetime, to appreciate that, yes, though I seemed most of the time to be waiting, striving, failing, I was also living the life of a writer, sharing that life with other writersThe bookstores are picky about what they will take in trade. For some, they already have enough copies; for others (especially the contemporary poetry books I’ve collected in the hundreds) there is no demand, and sometimes even disparaging remarks. The rejects can go to charity.
The keepers, of course, include books I’ve written myself and haven’t yet sold (if you want to have one, five dollars includes shipping); also books I still intend to read and ones I know I will reread – the books I love. Then there are the many books that have been inscribed to me by the author when I purchased them at a reading or festival. These will find a place on my shelves somehow. Still, in the midst of those messy piles, I take to time to look at them again, to read a few pages, and to enjoy the inscriptions written on the title page by the proud authors.
To linger over these shelves is to look back on what has been a long career in the ranks of aspiring writers. It’s a way of reconnecting with writers I’ve befriended over the years. And it’s a reminder that I’m one of them, regarded with respect by people I admire. Of course, there are many formulaic greetings among them: “best wishes,” “with respect” and so on. Some, often from first-time authors, are kind of humorous: “thanks for buying this book.”
Then there are the ones that remind me of strong bonds of friendship and the places those bonds were formed. Many years ago, I moved from Western to Eastern Canada, and the move is commemorated in some of the signed books on my shelf: “We miss you out west!” writes a Governor-General’s Award winner. Another, on a visit east, writes “in friendship, like poetry, that shows itself from time to time, and yet is always there.” Yet another prize-winner recalls, in his inscriptions, the first time we met: “with admiration and thanks for a fifteen year connection” he wrote in 2004, and in 2013, “thanks and admiration after 25 years.” Some writers will quote a line from the book they are signing, or will refer to the title of a book of mine. Others thank me, and I take a moment to recall what I might have done for them, and perhaps to regret that we have not kept in closer contact over the years.
Then there are the poets I will never be able to reconnect with because they have died. Only now do I wonder what became of the books I signed for them. (No, I’m afraid I already know.)
It’s a great privilege to have these books as a record of my life as a poet. Yet every shelf of books we choose to keep is a testament to a life as a reader. It isn’t easy to let go. It would be a tiny home indeed that had only one bookshelf in it. I am not at that extreme yet, and I don’t want to contemplate which books I would have to dispose of if I were. Time is eroding my mental space now, and in the end it will devour all. In the meantime, I’m taking a moment to look at each item as it leaves the shelves and is sorted into one of the piles. It’s a bit discouraging – so much effort gone to trash – but also very rewarding to have these reminders. I’m sure I will go down this well-worn path again someday. | <urn:uuid:33b43c3e-52b9-48f9-af8b-90c9a419e57a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://colinmorton.net/preview-of-the-new-chapbook/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968141 | 4,249 | 2.25 | 2 |
How to Remove Tartar from Teeth？
You may have heard of tartar and know that it is bad for your teeth—but what exactly is tartar? By understanding the cause of tartar and (more importantly) how to prevent it, you can greatly improve your oral health.
What is Tartar?
Tartar, as we discussed, is a hardened plaque. It forms at, underneath, and above the gumline and can irritate gum tissues. Because tartar on teeth gives plaque more surface area to grow on and a much stickier surface to adhere to, it can lead to cavities and gum disease. When tartar collects above the gumline, the tissue can become swollen and may bleed easily.
How does tartar form?
Each one of us has bacteria that live inside our mouth. These bacteria love sugary treats just as much as we do, so when we eat foods that containing sugar and starches, the bacteria goes to work eating up any left-over food particles and excreting acids that turn into dental plaque. And if not brushed away, this sticky, clear biofilm will absorb calcium and other substances in the food and saliva until it hardens into tartar. Then once the tartar has built upon the existing plaque, it becomes darker, denser and difficult to remove.
How to remove tartar from teeth?
Visiting the dentistry near you is the best option. A dentist uses technologically advanced dental tartar removal processes which are both quick and effective. The process of tartar removal is known as debridement. In this process, an expert dentist uses an ultrasonic device or a hand-held scaling tool. The ultrasonic instrument uses high-frequency vibrations along with water to remove the tartar.
How can I prevent tartar buildup?
- Brushing your teeth– Brush regularly, twice a day for 2 minutes a time. A 30-second scrub twice a day won’t remove plaque or prevent tartar. Use a brush with soft bristles that is small enough to fit into your mouth. Be sure to include the hard-to-reach surfaces behind your teeth and on your rear molars.
- Using electric brush - Electronic toothbrushes may get rid of plaque better than manual models. No matter which type you use, be sure it has the American Dental Association (ADA) seal of approval. These have undergone rigorous quality control and safety tests.
- Use tartar removal toothpaste – Tartar-control toothpaste have an active element of pyrophosphates and fluoride. Fluoride in your toothpaste helps in killing the bacteria and germs present in your mouth. It is also responsible for killing the plaque causing bacteria. Lack of germs and bacteria saves your teeth from cavities and decay.
- Floss, floss, floss - Flossing helps you to clean these otherwise not accessible parts. It helps in removing the plaque from the surface of the teeth. Lodged food and plaque can result in bad mouth breath. Therefore, it is advised to floss on a regular basis to keep your teeth clean and germ-free.
- Using mouth wash - Mouth wash is an effective home remedy for tartar removal. Mouth wash has antibacterial qualities and is highly effecting in killing mouth microorganism. Use mouse wash once a day for effective and instant results.
- Limit the amount of sugary foods - The germ in your mouth thrive on sugary and starchy foods. Every time you eat, you also feed the bacteria in your mouth. So be mindful about sugary and starchy foods.
A smile is synonymous with pleasure and desire, usmile’s oral care products help you show off your perfect teeth! | <urn:uuid:12a90012-b256-479d-890c-289702c59aa6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.usmile.com/blogs/oral-care/how-to-remove-tartar-from-teeth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.930713 | 769 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Fracking in CaliforniaFracking in California
[caption id="attachment_13657" align="alignright" width="351"] Just over 2,000 wells have been fracked in California, according to industry data. (Craig Miller/KQED)[/caption] Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has been used for more than 30 years in California, but it’s attracting attention and scrutiny because of renewed interest in the state’s large oil reserve, known as the Monterey Shale. In California, fracking is done mainly for oil, while in other states with recent fracking booms, like Pennsylvania and Texas, it’s used largely for natural gas. What is it? Fracking is just one phase of the process used to bring an oil or gas well into production. The technique is used to release oil from rocks deep underground. Water, mixed with sand and chemicals, is injected down the well bore at high pressure to create tiny fractures in the rock. According to the oil industry, more than 2,000 wells have been fracked in the state. Concerns Environmental groups have called for a moratorium on fracking until the state does a comprehensive review of potential impacts on both water and air quality. A chief concern is the chemicals used, some of which are carcinogens, and potential contamination of groundwater. Fracking also uses large volumes of freshwater. Industry sources say it uses less freshwater in California than is used in other states and no cases of groundwater contamination have been found. Where it Stands In November 2013, state regulators released draft rules for fracking that are now expected to go into effect in July 2015. They followed passage of SB 4, a bill signed by Governor Jerry Brown, that spelled out what the regulations should cover. Under the rules, oil and gas operators would be required to apply for a permit prior to fracking a well, and to provide written notice to nearby landowners. Operators would have to disclose what chemicals they use, but not the specific concentrations if they consider those a trade secret. State water regulators are also developing a groundwater monitoring program. The regulations are expected to be finalized by the end of 2014. | <urn:uuid:95c5f078-f0a0-4c8d-9a85-4fcfc28010e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kqed.org/science/series/fracking-california | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9591 | 437 | 3.0625 | 3 |
On Amazon, you can shell out about $15 to buy pills made of cellulose, titanium dioxide, gelatin, and dye. None of these ingredients have any medical effect, but customers report taking these pills for pain relief, to reduce excessive sweating, and even to quit smoking. It’s not surprising, really. Medical quackery has a long and proud history, and so long as there’s gullible people, there will be somebody selling snake oil.
But here’s the rub: Right on the bottle, in big, blue letters is the word “placebo.” The only claim the manufacturer makes about these pills is that they are guaranteed not to contain any kind of medicine.
It’s incredible how crazy people are, right? Who in their right mind would pay $15 for essentially empty pill capsules? Well, recent research suggests that buying placebo pills might actually make sense.
Better living through fake medicine
Placebos are any kind of sham medicine or treatment designed to have no therapeutic value. It’s long been known that taking nontherapeutic medicine presented as the real deal improves people’s conditions to a certain extent.
When a new medication is being studied, researchers include placebos in order to assess how well the new medication actually works as opposed to how much people’s belief in the medication affects their wellbeing. Thirty to forty-five percent of patients’ responses to antidepressants, for example, have been shown to be due to the placebo effect, with one study showing that this might be as high as eighty-two percent.
Researchers at the Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center even found that fake surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee worked just as well as the real surgery. In some patients, surgeons simply cut open the knee and then sewed the incision back up without actually treating the condition. The patients who received the sham surgeries had an equal reduction in pain and improved activity as those who received the real surgery. And this wasn’t over the course of a couple of weeks: the researchers tracked these patients for two full years and still saw the same result.
The placebo effect has mostly been attributed to the power of belief; because people who receive placebos believe they’re taking actual medicine, their brains and bodies respond accordingly. But Ted Kaptchuk, a placebo researcher, conducted a study on people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and found that even when patients were explicitly told they were receiving a placebo, their symptoms were relieved.
In a later study, Kaptchuk tried to replicate this effect in people suffering from lower back pain. The participants were randomly assigned to either take a real, anti-inflammatory pain medication or to take a placebo. The participants were given a questionnaire asking them to rate their usual level of pain, the maximum pain they had felt, and their level of disability.
Even though they were told that what they were taking was placebo and contained nothing of therapeutic value, those patients who received the placebo reported a 30% reduction in usual pain and maximum pain and a 29% drop in their disability. Incredibly, the placebo worked better than the real pain medication. Participants who took the pain pills reported feeling 9% less usual pain, and 16% less maximum pain. Furthermore, patients taking the real medication reported no change in their level of disability.
Why is this happening?
The placebo effect works best for certain conditions. A placebo, for example, won’t shrink a tumor, but it might make the pain go away. IBS, chronic pain, and depression are particularly well treated by placebos, probably because these conditions are highly neural in nature. IBS can often be brought about or exacerbated by stress, so taking a placebo might make a patient feel more assured about their condition and calmer as a result, and therefore less prone to IBS episodes. Chronic pain has a clear connection to the brain; placebos might not cure whatever the underlying issue is, but they might reduce the perception of pain.
What’s more, some evidence exists that the brain is able to control aspects of our physiology. One study paired an artificial sweetener with an immunosuppressive drug, which is often used to prevent the body’s immune system from rejecting a transplanted organ or for treating an auto-immune disease. When the drug itself was removed, the taste of the sweetener alone caused an immunosuppressive response, indicating that the brain can modify aspects of the immune system without any mediating drug. Similar studies have shown that this kind of “learned” response can affect levels of iron in the blood, insulin secretion, and other physiological functions.
While more research is needed to definitively say how the placebo effect really works, its impact is pretty clear. I won’t be buying overpriced nothing-pills anytime soon. But some people are, and they’re using these pills to trick their brain into making them feel better. Next time I tweak my back, I might find it tempting to add sugar pills to my shopping list. | <urn:uuid:08567891-5a19-4de3-9937-2815caddaedc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/knowingly-taking-placebos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963684 | 1,044 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Joints of Stone Masonry
The construction which is done with the help of stones and bonded together with mortar is known as Stone Masonry. Stone Masonry is widely used where the stones are available in abundance. The stone masonry is the type of masonry construction which is done with stones and cement mortar.
Stone masonry is stronger and durable as compared to brick masonry. Stone masonry is used in the olden days for the construction of various Structures.
Stone Masonry is the art of building structures from stones. Stones are abundantly available in nature. Stones are cut and dressed into different shapes and prove to be economical material for Construction. In the stone masonry, some through stones are provided at the right angle.
General Principles Which Are Used in the Construction of Stone Masonry:
- The stones which are used in the construction of stone masonry should be hard, tough, and durable.
- The pressure which is acting on the stones should be in the vertical plane.
- The heads and the stones should not be of dumb bell shape.
- The stone should be dressed properly as per the requirements.
- A large flat stone should be used under the ends of girders and trusses two uniformly distributed loads.
- The water which is used in the construction of the stone masonry is of good quality.
- It is very necessary for to you give your stone masonry e in a proper manner for a period of 2 to 3 weeks after the construction.
- The plumb bob should be used to check the accurate verticality of the stone masonry walls.
- Stonemasonry should be design to take the compressive stresses and not tensile stresses.
Type of Joints of Stone Masonry:
There are different types of joints in the stone masonry which helps to bond with each other.
- Butt or Square Joint.
- Rebated or Lapped Joint.
- Tongued and Grooved Joint.
- Cramped Joint.
- Tabled or Bed Joint.
- Plugged Joint.
- Dowelled Joint.
- Saddle Joint.
- Slate Joint.
#1. Butt or Square Joint
The butt joint is very simple and commonly used to join in the construction of stone masonry work. In the case of butt or square joint, the dressed edge of the two adjacent stones is placed side by side. The two adjacent stones which are placed in this type of joint are abutted with each other.
#2. Rebated or Lapped Joint
The rebates are also provided to prevent the movements of the stones. The length of rebates should not be less than 70 mm. These types of joints are widely used in the construction of earthwork and coping on gables.
#3. Tongued and Grooved Joint
In this type of joint, the stone is made by providing a tongue and a corresponding groove on the adjacent stones. This type of joint is provided to prevent sliding.
#4. Cramped Joint
In the case of the cramped joint, the holes are provided on the adjacent stones. The cramps are used in this type of joint to connect the stones.
The cramped are the pieces of non-corrosive material whose ends are turned down up to a depth of 4 to 5 cm. The length of the cramp varies from 200 mm to 300 mm. The hole must be cramped with the help of cement water after placing the cramp into its proper location.
#5. Tabled or Bed Joint
Tabled joints are used where the lateral pressure is very high and it is necessary to prevent it. In this type of joint, to prevent the lateral pressure at joggle is formed on the upper surface of the bed stone.
Recess is formed on the bottom surface of the stones which laying above the bed stone. The tabled joint is widely used where the lateral pressure is to be prevented such as in the case of sea walls.
#6. Plugged Joint
The plugged joint is the same as the cramped joint. In this type of joint, the cuts are made in the sites of adjacent stones after arranging the stones in the proper position. This type of joint is widely used for coping and cornices works.
#7. Dowelled Joint
In this type of joint a hole is made into each stone and the dowels of small pieces of hard stone or brass are used to connect the stones with the help of cement mortar.
The dowelled joint is used to prevent the adjacent stones against displacement or sliding. The thickness of the dowels is used of 5 cm and 10 to 15 cm long. This types of joints prevent unwanted displacement of these stones.
#8. Saddle Joint
A saddle joint is provided to protect the joints in of the cornices. This type of joint is also known as a water joint. Saddle joints are used in the cornices and other whether surfaces to divert the water away from the joint.
#9. Slate Joint
In this type of joint grooves are made on the sides of the surface of the adjacent stones. A piece of Slate is placed between the gross of the adjacent stones.
Important Points Which Should Be Considered While Construction of the Stone Masonry:
Here are some points which should be observed in the construction of the stone masonry
- In the construction of the stone masonry, all these stones should be laid upon the natural beds.
- Stones which are used in masonry should be well seasoned hard tough and has a uniform texture.
- The stone should be free from defects like cracks and cavities.
- The vertical joints in stone masonry should be staggered.
- Proper bonding should be maintained throughout the construction of the stone masonry.
- Stones which are used for the construction of the stone masonry should be wetted before its use.
- Stone Masonry should be cured properly for at least two weeks.
- In the case of the Stratified rocks, the stone should be placed on its quarry bed surface in such a way that the line of pressure should be Normal. | <urn:uuid:33488f3f-2771-4c66-b6da-6961c9535326> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://civiljungle.com/joints-of-stone-masonry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.934431 | 1,255 | 3.046875 | 3 |
While the Congress for a Syrian National Dialogue has not solved the conflict, it has swept away the minor groups who were pretending to represent the Syrian People for the benefit of the Western powers. It has also cleared the way for a consensus, adopted by the representatives of almost all Syrians, and decided the creation of a Constituent Commission. The basis for peace has been established, but without the Western powers.
by Thierry Meyssan
For the first time since the beginning of the conflict, in 2011, a conference uniting 1,500 Syrian delegates, of all origins, confessions, and almost all political opinions was held in Sotchi – the Congress for a Syrian National Dialogue.
This initiative by President Vladimir Putin was placed under the high patronage of Iran, Russia and Turkey . It was denigrated, even rejected, for no reason, by the other powers implicated in the war. De facto, the idea of an inter-Syrian conference excluded them from the peace process.
Does the Congress represent the minorities?
Much pressure was brought to bear by the partisans of the war to ensure that the Congress would not be representative of the Syrian People. In the minds of foreigners, including Russia, Syria shelters minorities who aspire to autonomy – supposedly the case of the Kurds and the Druzes. However, this view of the situation ignores what the Syrian project has actually been for several thousands of years.
This Asian territory, which reaches from the West of the Euphrates to the Sinaï, is inhabited by a multitude of minorities – the Kurds and the Druzes of course, but also the Turkmen, the Chechens, the Georgians, the Bedouins, the Armenians, etc., etc. These ethnic minorities are themselves composed of religious minorities with antique confessions, such as the Alaouites (who were Christianised, then Islamised), Christians of all sorts of churches, and the Sunni Muslims. This territory is situated between the five seas, in such a way as to constitute an obligatory waypoint, not only for traders, but also for conquerors. Throughout their history, these peoples have adhered to a common project – Syria. They learned that they needed one another in order to resist all sorts of invaders. They mingled everywhere, to the point that at the start of the 20th century, no minority identified with any particular region. It took British and French colonisation to attempt to make Palestine a Jewish state, Lebanon Christian, and Jordan Muslim. Throughout this vast area, only what is now the Syrian Arab Republic still maintained, just ten years ago, this profound social diversity.
When they were preparing the Congress in Sotchi, the Russian diplomats at first believed, spontaneously, that it would be enough to federalise the country according to its minorities in order to bring peace. In its first version, the Conference was to be called the « Congress for the People of Syria ». Discussing this subject with various participants, they came to understand that the history of Syria is different from that of Russia, and that, geographically, it is not possible to federalise this diversified land. But on the contrary, the Israëlis pursued the idea of separating the Kurds from the Arabs, while France entertained the notion of distinguishing Christians and Muslims, etc. By doing so, they restricted their action to the continuity of the colonial Sykes-Picot-Sozonov agreements.
At their instigation, the Kurds of the PYD boycotted the Congress. But, contrary to a preconceived idea widely held in the West, while the PYD is the only exclusively Kurdish political party, it is nonetheless a minority amongst the Kurds of Syria. In the national culture, all ethnic parties are illegal – the PYD is an exception.
In any case, the people present at the Congress were either elected by direct universal suffrage, the leaders of associations, or recognised personalities. The invitations had been sent as widely as possible in order to leave no-one out.
Does the Congress represent political opinions?
Every power implicated in the war sponsors the Syrians who represent their interests. At first, Turkey and Saudi Arabia organised and financed the Syrian National Council in Istanbul. Then, with the entry of Qatar, it became the National Coalition for Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces. As events evolved, several groups appeared, each one instrumentalised by a foreign party.
One group refused in advance to participate in the Congress in Sotchi – the High Negotiations Committee which, contrary to what its title may suggest, refuses all negotiation. It is based in Riyadh and represents Saudi interests (which, within the Syrian population, are supposed to correspond to the wishes of the Bedouin tribes of the Syria-Iraq-Saudi desert). Although it maintains its democratic rhetoric as long as the cameras are running, it promotes desert values – tribalism, a unique religion, and a refusal of History.
The absence of the High Negotiations Committee illustrates the impossibility of extending the values of its Bedouin minority to all of Syria. However, just as there once existed an alliance between the Saudi Kingdom and the Syrian Arab Republic, coexistence is still possible. Indeed, this is why the Ba’athist Riad Hijab, after having been turned by the French secret services, accepted to preside the High Committee. He had been Governor, Minister, then President of the Council of Ministers (and not Prime Minister, as the Western medias stated, knowing nothing of the Syrian Presidential system). From the same tribe as the King of Arabia, he had already tried this solution before the war, and had been fully satisfied.
A second group physically boycotted the Congress, but made this decision known only when they arrived in Sotchi – they were represented by a third party. Composed mainly of certain Muslim Brothers and some Turkmens, it was sponsored by Turkey. Ankara, which hesitated to make itself too obvious, encouraged the group to denounce the partiality of the organisers – of which it was a member – so that it would be absent from the Congress, but gave its authority to the Turkish diplomats.
Its members pretended that the logo of the Congress included the flag of the Syrian Arab Republic and excluded their own (the flag of French colonisation which had remained in force at the beginning of independence). By doing so, they demonstrated the corner into which they had painted themselves – by assimilating the Syrian flag with the Ba’ath party, and by promoting the flag of colonisation, they demonstrated their contempt for the heroes of the independence and their rallying with foreign occupation. In reality, this has little importance, since they bowed to the power that was paying them – Turkey- and then, without leaving the airport, took a flight back to Istanbul.
- The representatives of almost the Syrian factions, with the exception of the High Negotiations Committee (pro-Saudi) and the PYD (pro-French), adopted the Final Declaration and the Constituent Commission.
Did the Congress note the inter-Syrian agreements?
Certainly No, but Yes. The 12-point Final Declaration does not include anything new, but has been signed by all the Syrian factions except the PYD and the High Negotiations Committee, which were absent . Delegates from the exterior opposition heckled Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov during his opening speech. However, having made fools of themselves with their infantile behaviour in front of Western cameras, they adopted the Declaration.
Even if we imagined that the two absent groups represented huge numbers of people, the Congress represented at least 90 % of Syrians, which completely overturns the diplomatic equation. The United States, the United Kingdom and France, although they ridiculed this initiative, can not ignore the consensus it has established.
For the last six years, the Syrian factions have been talking in vain, in Geneva, Vienna, Astana and Sotchi. Their failure is due exclusively to the existence of a hidden plan, successively upheld by the Obama administration and by the administration of the UNO – the total and unconditional surrender of the Syrian Arab Republic and the accession to power by the Muslim Brotherhood under the protection of NATO .
The main points of the Feltman Plan
the sovereignty of the Syrian People will be abolished;
the Constitution will be repealed;
the President will be dismissed (but a Vice-President will remain in charge of formal functions) ;
the People’s Assembly will be dissolved ;
at least 120 leaders will be considered as guilty and banned from any political function (this probably refers to the list of people sanctioned by the European Union) ;
the Direction of Military Intelligence, the Direction of Political Security and the Direction of General Security will be deprived of their leaders or dissolved;
« political prisoners » will be freed and the Anti-terrorist Courts will be abrogated;
the Hezbollah and the Guardians of the Revolution must withdraw – then and only then will the international community fight terrorism.
In a period of 2 to 3 weeks, an « Organ of government transition » will be constituted and will handle all political, executive, legislative and judiciary powers. It will include;
2/5 representatives of the Syrian Arab Republic including members of the loyalist opposition,
2/5 representatives of the non-loyalist opposition,
and 1/5 of personalities from civil society chosen by a representative of the Secretary General of the UNO.
Source : Sous nos yeux. Du 11-Septembre à Donald Trump, éditions Demi-Lune, 2017.
None of the points which figure in this plan were adopted by the Sotchi Congress.
Besides this, the Congress decided the creation of a Constituent Commission composed of 150 delegates nominated by third parties from Ankara, Moscow and Teheran.
- The special representative of the Secretary General of the UNO, Stefan De Mistura, is applauded by the delegates, representing almost all Syrians, when he recognized the Final Declaration and the Constituent Commission.
Will the Congress affect the Geneva negotiations?
Hoping to sabotage the peace process, France organised a conference against President el-Assad on 23 January in Paris. It was based on the reports of the UN mission relative to chemical weapons in order to accuse Bachar el-Assad and prevent him from presenting himself for a vote by his fellow citizens. This may be resumed as follows – yes to democracy, but without el-Assad . Let’s remember that the UN Mission had refused to verify on site the elements that had been gathered, and that the Security Council had rejected their reports .
Let us note that Turkey was not satisfied with representing a delegation which it sent back to Istanbul. Adept of the use of double language and in extremis 180° changes of position, it participated in the Paris conference and co-organised the Congress in Sotchi.
For the Sotchi consensus to have an impact on the ground, it would have to be endorsed by the UNO, which explains the manœuvres implemented to keep the Organisation out of the process.
But, completely unexpectedly, the special representative of the Secretary General of the UNO, Staffan de Mistura, came to Sotchi. He recognised the legitimacy of the Congress and gave the UN blessing to the Constituent Commission. Unless he changes his mind, this is a decisive advance for the implementation of the el-Assad plan of 12 December 2012, adopted by the international community as Resolution 2254 of the Security Council . As a result, it is also a heavy defeat for the N° 2 of the United Nations , Jeffrey Feltman, who has been working in secret for six years (perhaps even 13 years in other positions) to oblige the Syrian Arab Republic to accept unconditional capitulation.
What are the diplomatic consequences of the Sotchi Congress?
The powers that belittled the Sotchi Congress because they were afraid it would validate the central role of Russia and its Turkish and Iranian allies have lost. No-one until now had been able to unite so many personalities representative of the Syrian People, and no-one had managed to force the adoption of a document common to groups from the interior and the exterior. Yes, Russia and its allies are now centre-stage, and the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Saudi Arabia have excluded themselves.
Saudi Arabia and France are the great losers of this operation. The High Negotiations Committee, which was the only instance of the Syrian opposition in Geneva, are now competing with the consensus of practically all Syrians. The PYD, which France had managed to present as a representative of the Syrian Kurds, has been revealed as just one formation amongst many others, representing nothing other than the weapons it is offered by the Pentagon.
“Sergey Lavrov’s opening remarks at a plenary meeting of the Syrian National Dialogue Congress”, Voltaire Network, 30 January 2018.
“Final statement of the Congress of the Syrian national dialogue”, Voltaire Network, 30 January 2018.
“International Partnership against Impunity for the Use of Chemical Weapons”, Voltaire Network, 23 January 2018. | <urn:uuid:440145db-7154-4acf-a3d8-3e34f3de7cf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thefallingdarkness.com/consensus-syrians-sotchi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963517 | 2,709 | 2.703125 | 3 |
For both dogs and their owners, social anxiety is a distressing condition. In circumstances involving other dogs or people, some dogs get uneasy or fearful. It might happen when you take your dog to the park, a busy event, or the clinic. Anxiety manifests itself as shyness or trembling, as well as violence. Early in a dog's life, this disease is simpler to control, but there are tactics you may employ to assist an older dog cope with social pressures.
What Is Social Anxiety?
Social anxiety is a disorder in which dogs are afraid of people or other animals and have a high stress reaction to sights and noises, especially in new situations. Anxiety in a social context can range from minor to severe, depending on the dog. It can drive a dog to act in ways that it would not ordinarily do in a familiar area.
Symptoms of Social Anxiety in Dogs
Pets with social anxiety may be calm and cheerful with their family members, but they get uncomfortable around strangers or unknown dogs, and they are likely to worry when they leave the house. This disorder's symptoms can range from slightly bothersome to severe and even hazardous.
Dogs with social anxiety will typically hide behind their humans, trembling or whining in dread. These unfortunate puppies may grow so agitated that they urinate or defecate on their own, pant excessively, or drool. While some dogs become very shy in response to fear, others may feel imprisoned and cornered, which can lead to aggressiveness and be hazardous to people or other dogs around.
Causes of Social Anxiety
All dogs require appropriate socializing. Failure to socialize a dog early in life can lead to social anxiety, fear, and hostility later in life. Although some dogs are more susceptible to social anxiety than others, it may affect practically any dog under the right conditions.
- Puppies who are not regularly introduced to new people, dogs, places, and experiences can be overwhelmed when they are taken out of familiar surroundings or required to socialize. Proper socialization at a young age can help them learn to adapt to new situations throughout their lives.
- Adult dogs can also experience social anxiety. It is most common in dogs rescued from puppy mills or abusive and neglectful situations. They may have had little or no human contact or only negative experiences with humans.
- Stray dogs may be anxious because they have a general distrust of people and busy places. This may be something they learned that was necessary for survival on the street.
- Dogs who grow up in rural areas or who are sheltered in their homes and rarely leave may become very fearful when taken out of their home territory.
Diagnosing Social Anxiety in Dogs
In dogs, social anxiety is obvious, but a veterinary behaviorist may assist determine the reason of an individual's unease around new people, canines, and environments. They've been taught to see probable medical difficulties, learned habits, and conflict aggressiveness, and they may offer advice on how to deal with these.
If your dog is often anxious, there are steps you can take to help it overcome fear.
- Begin by introducing your dog to one person, ideally in your home or yard. Allow your dog to initiate contact and ensure it has a safe retreat where it can go if it begins to feel overwhelmed. Don't force contact, and reward calm behavior and efforts to "meet" the new person (approaching, sniffing).
- When , remain calm and speak quietly so that your dog senses your comfort with the situation. Choose a gentle, relaxed dog that will not seem threatening to your dog. Stay at a comfortable distance, and limit the encounter to a short time. Again, reward your dog for calm behavior. At the first subtle sign of fear or anxiety, increase the distance between the two dogs or remove your dog entirely if necessary.
- Take your dog to quiet outdoor areas and avoid crowds so that it develops comfort with the idea of outings before attempting to visit dog parks or walk along busy streets.
Prognosis for Dogs with Social Anxiety
It's difficult to desensitize a nervous dog. This is a time-consuming procedure that might take weeks or months, but it's definitely worth it. Not only will assisting your dog in overcoming his phobias make him happy, but it will also make it simpler for you to enjoy adventures with your canine buddy. Increase the social challenges at your dog's pace, being aware of how much stimulation your dog can handle at any given time.
How to Prevent Social Anxiety
When socialization begins early, it is most effective. As soon as possible, start socializing your puppy. This simply teaches your dog how to manage itself in a crowded environment. A well-socialized dog is not afraid of crowds and gets along with other canines.
Begin by taking your pet to several locations. This should be done when the dog has been properly inoculated against parvo and distemper. You may train a young dog to accept new life experiences by introducing it to varied sights, noises, and people. | <urn:uuid:48679458-941a-47fb-a0b1-aeb53982bd46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://askmypetdoc.com/article/social-anxiety-in-dogs-102240796.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961857 | 1,034 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Throughout history, every 300-600 years great empires have changed. The Greeks once dominated, as did the Romans, the Persians, Chinese and a few others have all taken a shot at being the ‘greatest empire’.
For about the last 600 years, European/Christian cultures have dominated global commerce and politics, if not as a single collective unit, then certainly as a broad culture.
Over the most recent period, the single dominating economy and culture has been that of the United States. But it has already begun to change.
With the vehemently anti-China Donald Trump now President-elect of the United States, now is a very good time to ask – as Labor’s foreign affairs spokesperson Penny Wong did on Tuesday – “Where and how does Australia position itself?”
Post World War II, the US was locked in a battle with the Soviet Union as the world’s two superpowers slugged it out. From 1991 onwards the US stood on the summit of human importance, looking down upon all they surveyed.
But in 2008 US hubris caught up with our American friends. The global meltdown hit at the same time China readied itself to stand once again on the world stage – as it had centuries before.
Little noticed in the West, President Xi of China announced the country’s ‘One Road One Belt’ policy in 2013, right when the West remained introspective, dealing with the fallout of the financial crisis and ‘Great Recession’.
Our politicians, media and commentators hardly noticed ‘One Road One Belt’ and certainly did not grasp the epoch-shifting moment in time for what it is.
This policy represents a multi-trillion-dollar infrastructure investment financed through China’s Asian Infrastructure Investment bank.
Just this week we saw the first Chinese cargo ships dock at the new Gwarada Port built in Pakistan under this policy.
The new Beijing to Afghanistan railway is open. New pipelines, roads and rail a stretching out connecting China, South Asia, Iran and East Africa, with afterthoughts into Europe and nothing into Australia or the US.
China is not returning, it has returned. Whilst not No.1 yet, the trajectory is clear. China will soon return to a global dominant economy as it once was.
Holding Australia back
As the US starts to shrink, China starts to rise, begging the question: Are we living through the seismic shift to see China growing to dominate global commerce, not for a decade or two, but for a few centuries?
Human history would suggest we are at exactly that point in time.
Why was Australia late to sign up to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank? Because the US asked us not to.
Why have we not engaged with the One Belt One Road policy? Because the US has asked us not to.
Why have we not evolved our own position on China’s actions in the South China Sea? Because the US has asked us not to.
Why were we in Iraq? Because the US said so. Why were we in Afghanistan? You guessed it.
Should we not have a better reason to do or not do things than ‘Because the US said’, particularly when we are already eight years into the US decline?
But for Australia it is not just about resetting with caution a US policy, it is about engaging with Asia, or perhaps even becoming Asian.
An uncomfortable partnership
Australia’s fraught relationship with Asia traces its way back to the xenophobia that has existed since English settlement.
We resented the Chinese growing rich by selling us barrows and pans in the gold rush of the 1850s. We hid in fear from the “yellow peril”.
Even today we blame the Chinese for inflating our housing prices when data shows restricted supply, low interest rates and nearly three decades of economic growth have done that. Not China.
Even with a growing proportion of Australians coming from Asian heritages we still find it hard to see ourselves as an Asian nation.
I am not saying that we should immediately turn our back on the US. We should maintain a strong relationship with their economy and politics, but be cautious of the military manoeuvres that will be in their interest, but perhaps not ours.
We should also refresh our view of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
We should also ask how Australia’s food production, education, mining, financial services and related industries could plug into the One Road One Belt policy.
And perhaps, in this time of epochal shift, we could look at our multicultural country and ask ‘are we not ideally placed to be a translator between two great worlds as the empires shift’.
Could we be the hinge through which this change happens, or will we cringe at the bottom of the world hoping it all goes away?
Andrew MacLeod is a visiting Professor at Kings College London, a Vice Chancellor’s Distinguished Fellow at Deakin University and a Non Executive Director of US, UK and Australian companies. He can be followed @AndrewMMacleod | <urn:uuid:afa69643-0527-4a26-9eba-cba13cdaaf66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2016/11/16/china-australia-relationship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.951554 | 1,049 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The Lemon Law In Florida – Stating The Law As It Affects Consumers
The Florida Legislature in 1988 revised a law that makes car manufacturers responsible for replacing defective vehicles or refunding consumers’ money if the vehicle applies to certain conditions set forth by the Legislature. This law is commonly known as Florida’s automobile ‘Lemon Law,’ or popularly known as lemon law Florida.
Most of the states in United States protect consumers from vehicles with manufacturing or other defects. The law stated to prevent consumers from defective vehicles is known as Lemon Law. Lemon law Florida applied to new or demonstrator vehicles sold or long term leased in Florida. Lemon law Florida enables consumer to get repaid within a certain period of time if the vehicle turns out to be a lemon. According to lemon law Florida a vehicles is termed to be a lemon if it calls for multiple repairs in a short span of time. Usually a lemon car works cheaply or breaks down several times immediately after the purchase.
Lemon law Florida applies to only new or demonstrator vehicles sold in state of Florida. Lemon law Florida also applies to vehicles leased in Florida, if such vehicles are lease-purchased. Lemon law Florida is also applicable to vehicles in cases where lessee is responsible for the repair of the vehicle. Lemon law Florida does not cover trucks weighing more than ten thousand pounds gross vehicle weight, off-road vehicles, vehicles which are purchased for purposes of resale, motorcycles and mopeds, or the living facilities of recreational vehicles.
Information on lemon law Florida can be obtained from various websites that provide information about automobiles in Florida or United States. Consumer guide for lemon law Florida can be obtained from hotline number 1-800-321-5366, or 1-850-488-2221 for consumers outside Florida. This phone line should be answered between the hours of 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Eastern Time. To file a suit for lemon law Florida one should consult lemon law attorneys who specialize in lemon law for Florida. Consumer guide to the Florida Lemon law explains consumer rights, gives steps to follow to resolve problems and contains a toll-free number for the Lemon Law Hotline and a form the consumer can use to notify the manufacturer of chronic defects and time out of service for repair.
Lemon law Florida covers defects or conditions that impair the use of the automobile. The automobile can also be proved to be hazardous or unsafe for use. According to lemon law Florida any defects pertaining to the automobile should be duly reported to the manufacturer or any authorized servicing agency. Lemon law Florida states the first 24 months after the purchase of any automobile as Lemon Law Period for that automobile. If the manufacturer fails to conform the vehicle to the warranty after a reasonable number of attempts to repair these defects, the law requires the manufacturer to buy back the defective vehicle and give the consumer a purchase price refund or a replacement vehicle. The law does not cover defects that result from accident, neglect, abuse, modification or alteration by persons other than the manufacturer or its authorized service agent. | <urn:uuid:3a6e75d7-7928-409b-99ad-f0715884784b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tode73.com/the-lemon-law-in-florida-stating-the-law-as-it-affects-consumers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.932329 | 620 | 2.125 | 2 |
Serious dog breeders know just how much value a dog ovulation test can provide. If your livelihood depends on dog breeding, it’s a must-have dog breeding essential. But just what exactly is a dog ovulation test, and how does it work? Most importantly, is it a tool you absolutely need if you’re going to breed dogs?
What Is a Dog Ovulation Test?
The purpose of a dog ovulation test kit is to more accurately identify the female dog’s period of standing heat so that you can more accurately determine when you should administer a progesterone test, and more importantly when you should attempt breeding.
Many canine ovulation kits take a sample of the mucus in the female dog’s lower reproductive tract. The test analyzes the mucus and changes in mucus discharge that are indicators of changes in hormones that can cause them.
An ovulation test will give you an idea of the best time to run a progesterone test to determine progesterone levels (that is, close to the period of standing heat during ovulation). By furnishing breeders with insight into a dog’s actual ovulation cycle, these tests can eliminate some of the guesswork surrounding breeding, reducing stress on dogs and improving the odds of a successful pregnancy.
How It Improves the Chances of Successful Pregnancy
A dog ovulation test kit will help you get a better understanding of the dog’s ovulation cycle and can help you predict the standing heat period without having to rely on less accurate indicators like vaginal discharge and how the female interacts with and accepts males.
Traditional, visible signs of heat are not always accurate indicators of progesterone levels. Moreover, relying on the female’s acceptance of males is not the ideal way to identify the female’s most fertile period. Early breeding is unsuccessful and overbreeding increases the female’s chance of uterine infection and also can cause a drop in sperm count among the males.
The use of a dog ovulation test makes it easier to predict ovulation with greater accuracy, which may also mean you will need to administer fewer progesterone tests on the female.
Overall, using a dog ovulation test to pinpoint target canine ovulation can lower stress on your dog’s save you time and money, and most importantly, increase the odds of a successful pregnancy.
Dog Ovulation Tests and More Essential Dog Breeding Supplies at MR Diagnostic!
Whether you’re looking for an ovulation test to predict the timing of ovulation or you need a test to detect the levels of the hormone progesterone to determine a female’s ability to support pregnancy, MR Diagnostic, at CanineP4.com, has all the dog breeding supplies you’ll need, and the experience to back it up.
If you have questions about their different ovulation and progesterone tests or about what else you can do to increase the odds of a successful pregnancy, reach out to their customer support team for help. You can learn more on their website or contact them for assistance. | <urn:uuid:dec4eecf-afe3-4bd1-867b-4f9eec0a0779> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buzznewslive.com/business/should-you-use-a-dog-ovulation-test/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.911624 | 642 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The London Corresponding Society (LCS) was an important political movement that fought for political reform in the 1790s, that increasingly became more radical, and involved more and more working class men, and faced vicious repression by a government that felt threatened by its ideas.
The Society had been founded in January 1792, by nine ‘wellmeaning, sober and industrious men’ called together by shoemaker Thomas Hardy, who became its first secretary. Its early membership consisted of working men, was politicised by economic hardship & influenced by the movements for reform of the electoral system in Britain, as well by the American & French Revolutions. The LCS was not new as a political debating club: what was new was that its subscription fees were low enough to allow working people to get involved. The emphasis on corresponding with likeminded groups in other towns was crucial: “It was a definite step forward in the rise of the political consciousness of the masses when they no longer felt that they were engaged in an isolated effort” (Robert Birley) The LCS was in contact with similar groups in Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds, Derby, Leicester, Coventry, Newcastle & Norwich, Bath, Rochester, Hertford, among others.
Their basic demands were aimed at Parliamentary reform: universal suffrage & annually elected parliaments. They attacked the system of rotten boroughs with few or no residents being represented by MPs, while large developing industrial towns were not represented at all. These last were reasonably widespread complaints among more moderate reformers. But they also developed ideas well ahead of their time: eg MPs to be paid & recallable by their electorate…
But beyond that the LCS also recognised class antagonism: their demands for reform were aimed at the working class & lower middle class, because they knew the aristocratic elite had a vested interest in obstructing change. The class basis of the organisation was described as “tradesmen, mechanics & shopkeepers.”
The LCS expected that an ‘honest parliament’ elected under the system they proposed would enact popular legislation: notably an end to enclosure of land by the wealthy & the throwing open of common land already enclosed, as well as legal reform to make justice cheaper & more available to the poorer classes.
The LCS was split into divisions throughout London, sending two delegates each to a General Committee. The divisions & the General Committee met weekly. The divisions contained between 16 and 45 members; they divided into two on reaching 45. In September 1792 the Society was said to have 5000 members.
The Society, together with other reform-minded groups, sent messages of fraternity & support to the Convention in France, which was pushing forward the French Revolution. Though they drew back from some of the ‘excesses’ like the massacres of aristocrats in Paris in September 1792, they supported the Revolution against the foreign armies intervening to restore absolute monarchy in France.
The LCS & the Constitutional Society co-operated in rallies against the threat of harsh repressive laws. However the government’s legion of spies & informers were at work, putting together a picture of a revolutionary society prepared to overthrow the state…
In 1794, Government spies reported LCS members making speeches at meetings presented as seditious & republican: and the government acted. Parliament backed repression against LCS meetings, and three Society notables, Thomas Hardy, John Horne Tooke and John Thelwall were all arrested and charged with treason. Hardy’s house was also attacked by an officially-backed ‘loyalist’ mob – his wife died in childbirth as a result.
Many LCS members were frightened off by the increased repression, but others joined out of solidarity, Hardy, Tooke & Thelwall were tried in November 1794, but the evidence was weak & they were acquitted: of treason: charges were dropped against several other radicals. There were great celebrations, but Hardy & Tooke both largely dropped out of activity after this however.
But the Society was growing again: from 17 divisions in March to 70 or 80 in October. In 1795, a failed harvest led to rising food prices and massive hunger throughout the country, which resulted in growing anger against the class of landlords which working people perceived as caring little whether they lived or died and denying them any voice in how society was run. (bearing in mind that massive enclosure of common fields, woods and marginal land, running at a record pace, was depriving thousands of bare subsistence and impoverishing the rural poor,,, driving many into the cities to look for work). This merged with an increased resentment against Britain’s war against revolutionary France, which had not only pulled in thousands of men to fight as soldiers and sailors, but also led to steep rises in taxes which were seen to impact heavier on the poorest folk. The Corresponding Society’s stand against the war and the power of the landlords chimed in with the general resentment – they pointed out that the people benefitting from both high food prices were the same people sitting in Parliament, the same people in whose interests the war was being fought…
One of the LCS’ main organising tactics was holding monster rallies, mass meetings to show the strength of the movement for reform, inspire others, and undoubtedly to demand the attention of the government and persuade it that it needed to make concessions. In 1795 they held several massive rallies in London, centring their demands to the government ministers, that the war be stopped, that a program of parliamentary reform be put in place, and that attention be paid to the hunger in the country.
The king and the government ignored their petitions.
On 21st October the LCS issued an advertisement for a general meeting on 26th October, to be held on Copenhagen Fields, the grounds of Copenhagen House, which stood on the hill to the west of Islington; a well-known place for political meetings to be held.
They listed the business of the meeting – to vote on an address to the nation on the state of public affairs, a remonstrance to the king on the disregard shown toward the address of 29 June… Admission was free; members were urged to ‘exert their usual efforts with strangers to preserve that order and decorum’ which had placed the LCS above the intrigues of their enemies…
This was a very large meeting, possibly the largest of the era, with somewhere between 100,000 and 200,000 or more attending. This meeting, addressed by LCS leaders John Gale Jones, Richard Hodgson, radical lecturer John Thelwall and John Ashley, a shoemaker, was possibly the one caricatured by Gillray in cartoon (see above), though alternatively this could represent the monster rally held in the same fields a few weeks later in November that year.
The government had been alarmed by the plans for the June monster meeting, but the 26th October rally seems to have appeared less threatening to them. Nevertheless, the Home Secretary, the Duke of Portland, directed John King to issue orders to Lt. Col Herries of the Westminster Light Horse Volunteers, to the Lord mayor and to Col Brownrigg to have their military forces in readiness: and to the police magistrates to retain extra constable and to send an observer to the meeting.
The LCS published two accounts of speeches made at the rally shortly afterwards, the following is taken from both these accounts.
“Proceedings of a General Meeting of the London Corresponding Society,
Held on Monday October the 26th, 1795, in a field adjacent to Copenhagen-House, in the County of Middlesex
The Indifference with which the late Address from this Society to the King was treated; the rapid approximation of National destruction, thro’ the continuation of the present detestable War;- the horrors of an approaching Famine;- and above all, the increased Corruption, and Inquisitorial measures pursued and pursuing, by those who hold the Country in bondage – obliged this Society to appeal once more to their fellow Countrymen… [Accordingly a meeting was advertised.]
Previous to this meeting, the London Corresponding Society, had taken into consideration numerous Communications from different parts of the Country, suggesting the utility that would result from more active and direct communications between the people in those several places, and this Society, by the appointment of Members on deputation to open and regulate Societies for Parliamentary Reform; which was likewise a measure submitted to the public Meeting.
About half an hour after twelve o’clock, the People assembled on the Ground, according to the concurring calculations of several persons, amounted to more than one hundred and fifty thousand persons, at the same time that the Roads in all directions were still covered with people thronging to the meeting.
John Gale Jones opened the meeting by announcing that Citizen John Binns, ‘a well known and long tried Patriot, and an Honest Man’, had been nominated as chairman. After being unanimously approved, Binns took the chair and addressed the meeting, stating that he hoped the contempt shown to their last address would not provoke them,
“… but that you will now coolly and deliberately determine upon a further notice of proceeding, which shall enforce those Ministers, that when the voice of a United People goes forth, it is their duty to attend to it: and if they do not they will be guilty of HIGH TREASON against the PEOPLE…
Three points will be brought forth for rejection, amendment or unanimous approbation: an address to the nation, a remonstrance to the king on the contempt shown to the LCS address presented to his ministers, and resolutions applicable to the present crisis.
Address to the nation
Once more, dear friends and fellow citizens, in defiance of threats and insults – of base suggestions and unmanly fears – are we met in the open face of day, and call the heavens and earth to witness the purity of our proceedings. Amidst the dreadful storms and hurricanes which at present assail the political hemisphere of our country, with firm and unabated vigour we pursue our avowed and real purpose – the grand and glorious cause of PARLIAMENTARY REFORM!
The rude gales of opposition, and the howling blasts of persecution have served only to assist our career; and where we might have lingered, from choice or indulgence, we now steadily from the heavy pressure of inevitable necessity!
With anxious minds and agitated hearts, we are again compelled to address you, and to solicit your patient attention. There was a time, when we might, perhaps, have been startled at the idea of rendering ourselves so conspicuous, and have fought for refuge under the veil of obscurity. When the timid apprehensions of our friends, the loss of our most valuable interests and connections, the threats of guilty Ministers, and the hostile preparations of armed associations, might have forcibly urged us to remain in silence, and to retreat from the eye of observation. But, alas, it is now too late! When the welfare of society is at stake, what private consideration ought to avail? We have been severely persecuted, it is true, but is our cause became lss clear? We have been cruelly and unjustly treated, but has the majesty of Truth suffered in the shameful contest? No. Away then with the lifeless apathy and pale-faced fear; let every friend of liberty must boldly deliver his real sentiments; and while he professes the virtuous principles of a patriot, assert his independence like a man!
Four months ago we peaceably assembled to deliberate upon the best and most probable of recovering our rights, and redressing our numerous grievances: we addressed you, and we petitioned the king. We believe, if we may judge from the rapid increase in our numbers from the last public meeting, that our sentiments and conduct experienced almost general approbration. From one particular quarter, however, we have not received that attention and regard which as Britons and Freemen, we might not have expected. The late Address to the king has either been artfully and prematurely suppressed, or passed over with contempt. If the former, we hesitate not to say, that HIS MINISTERS have proved themselves GUILTY OF HIGH TREASON against the Lives and Liberties of the Nation! If the latter, his Majesty should consider the sacred obligations he is bound to fulfil, and the duties he ought to discharge; he should recollect, that when he ceases to consult the interests and happiness of the people, he will cease to be respected, and that justice is a debt which the nation hath a right to demand from the Throne!
IN vain do we boast of a Constitution, if its genuine principles be not actively alive in our bosoms; in vain do we talk of rights, if we want courage and firmness to assert them. The true Constitution of a country is the undaunted spirit of its people! The principles of liberty must be established on the solid basis of rational conviction, and the virtues of patriotism cherished and supported by continual exertion! When once the citizens of Britain are become careless and indifferent about the preservation of their rights, or the choice of their representatives, from that moment arbitrary power is essentially introduced, and the utter extinction of individual liberty, and the establishment of general despotism, are inevitable and certain.
To delineate a faithful portrait of the awful situation of our poor distracted country, would only be to exhibit a scene of misery and desolation; a frightful picture of horror that would sicken the imagination, and appal the stoutest heart. The history of the last few months presents indeed to our view, a rapid succession of ill-fated mismanagement, unexampled calamities, and unparalleled disgrace! Baffled and defeated in every miserable project, they have either designed or undertaken, Ministers seem determined to display their pre-eminent power of doing mischief, and as they cannot compass the ruin of France, to contrive at the least, the destruction of England. Emigrant armies and foreign expeditions have been hastily planned and equipped, to ensure only to the one, an horrible and undistinguished carnage; and to the other, a premature and untimely grave! The manufacturer has been seduced from his loom – the militia man swindled from his domestic employment – and the humble cottager kidnapped from the plough. The bread that should support the industrious poor has been exported, either to be abandoned on a foreign shore, or consigned to the bottom of a fathomless ocean – while the helpless widow and orphan are consoled for their irreparable loss, by the scanty allowance of an insolent donation, or a charitable bribe!
The comfortable and pleasing prospects resulting from an abundant harvest have turned out to be vain and fallacious – and were probably held up only to lull the public mind into a delusive and fatal security! The approach of famine seems to be inevitable, and we have almost the melancholy and indubitable assurance of being soon in want of bread.
What is the cruel and insatiate that thus piecemeal tears and devours us? – Wherefore in the midst of apparent plenty are we thus compelled to starve? – Why, when we incessantly toil and labour, must we pine in misery and want? – What is this subtle and insinuating poison which thus vitiates our domestic comforts and destroys our public prosperity? – It is Parliamentary Corruption, which like a foaming whirlpool swallows the fruit of all our labours, and leaves us only the dregs of bitterness and sorrow.
Those whose duty it is to watch over the interests of the Nation, have either proved themselves indifferent to its welfare, or unable to remove the pressure of these intolerable grievances. Let them however be aware in time – Let them look to the fatal consequences – We are sincere friends of Peace – we want only Reform: Because we are firmly and fully convinced, that a thorough Reform would effectually remedy those formidable evils: but we cannot answer for the strong and all-powerful impulse of necessity, nor always restrain the aggravated feelings of insulted human nature! – IF EVER THE BRITISH NATION SHOULD LOUDLY DEMAND STRONG AND DECISIVE MEASURES, WE BOLDLY ANSWER – “WE HAVE LIVES!” AND ARE READY TO DEVOTE THEM, EITHER SEPARATELY OR COLLECTIVELY, FOR THE SALVATION OF OUR COUNTRY.
We trust, however, that Reason and Remonstrance are alone sufficient to produce the desired effects. We have laboured long, and we hope not unsuccessfully. Our Numbers have increased beyond all human expectation: and many who once professed themselves our most inveterate Enemies are now converted into sincere and faithful Friends. A little more Patience, and a little Perseverance, Fellow Citizens, the business will be accomplished, and out Triumph complete. The LONDON CORRESPONDING SOCIETY SHALL BE THE POWERFUL ORGAN TO USHER IN THE JOYFUL TIDINGS OF PEACE AND REFORM; AND UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE AND ANNUAL PARLIAMENTS SHALL CROWN OUR SUCCESSFUL EXERTIONS!
JOHN BINNS, Chairman.
JOHN ASHLEY, Secretary.”
LCS member and longtime moderate radical activist/government informer, Francis Place, in hindsight labelled this address ‘an absurd declaration… filled with commonplace topics’. In terms of its language he though the speakers ‘did little more… than copy from their betters’ meaning Parliament.
“The Reading of this Address was, from time to time, interrupted by such loud applauses as are but seldom heard, even in public places – and being ended amidst the warmest and most unanimous acclamations of approbation, the Chairman proceeded next to read
“THE REMONSTRANCE TO THE KING.
To the King’s Most Excellent Majesty.
The humble and earnest Remonstrance of Two Hundred Thousand, and upwards , faithful, though greatly aggrieved, Subjects, associated ad assembled with the CORRESPONDING SOCIETY of London, in a constitutional manner, in behalf of themselves and others.
When the treacherous duplicity, and intolerable tyranny of the House of STUART had roused the long-enduring patience of the British People, the expulsion of one restored into their hands into their hands the primitive right of chusing another, as their Chief of many Magistrates.
[At that period the privilege of remonstrating with the Chief Magistrate was established. When Queen Anne died without heirs, the pubic called to kingly office the head of the house from which you are descended. The preservation of the rights, reconfirmed at the Revolution, then became part of the obligations of George I. In spite of the smallness of the majority which established the Hanoverian succession, the nation has supported the decision of their representatives on that occasion. The people of this country hoped that an eternal gratitude would bind your house (transplanted from poverty and obscurity to dignity and opulence) to support the freedom and happiness of this country.
Our present object is to renew a complaint delivered in an address to you, which we put into the hands of the Duke of Portland on 15 July. In that address we expressed our belief that your ministers have plunged the nation into its present calamities and should be dismissed; and that only a reform in representation can restore this country to vigour and happiness.
Our address was not attended to by your majesty’s servants as it should have been. Are we to suffer and not complain? What have we not to fear if there is an impenetrable barrier between the oppressed and the magistrate? Alas, we hoped to find the third sovereign of the Brunswick line an example of royal virtue. We wished you to consider whether your duty to your royal progeny and to your people, whose industry provides the funds for their princely support, will be accomplished by pursuing the measures of odious ministers or by giving the people liberty, peace and reform.
“Listen then, Sire! To the voices of a wearied and afflicted people, whose grievances are so various that they distract, to enormous that they terrify. Think of the abyss between supplication and despair! – The means of national salvation are in your own hands – it is our right to advise as well as supplicate: and we declare it to be our opinion, that a Reform in the Representation of the people, the removal of your present Ministers, and a speedy PEACE, are the only means by which this country can be saved, or the attachment of the People secured.”
Signed by Order of the Meeting,
- BINNS, Chairman
- ASHLEY, Secretary.
This being received with an equally unanimous approbation, the Chairman then read the following RESOLUTIONS.
1st. That the present awful and alarming state of the British Empire, demands the serious attention of our fellow countrymen.
2nd. That its unexampled distresses call for immediate and effectual redress.
3rd. That we are fully persuaded the present exorbitant price of the necessaries of life, (notwithstanding the late abundant harvest) is occasioned partly by the present ruinous war; but chiefly by that pernicious system of monopoly, which derives protection from the mutilated and corrupt state of the Parliamentary Representation.
4th. That the enormous load of axes, under which this almost ruined country groans, together with its unparalleled National Debt, (which has been and will be greatly encreased by the present war) threatens the British Nation with total ruin.
5th. That the inflexible obstinacy of Ministers, in continuing the present cruel, unjust, and disgraceful war – a war which was has stained the earth and seas with so much human blood – calls aloud for the execration of every friend of humanity.
6th. That the present Government of France, is capable of maintaining the accustomed relations or peace and amity with the King of Great Britain, as with the Elector of Hanover.
7th. That we remain fully convinced that the permanent peace, welfare and happiness of this Country, can be established only by restoring to our fellow Countrymen their natural and undoubted right; Universal Suffrage and Annual Parliaments.
8th. That we are determined at the next general Election, to support such candidates only as will pledge themselves to a radical reform in the Commons House of Parliament.
9th. That the evasive conduct of His majesty’s Ministers, respecting our late Address, convinces us that our fellow countrymen have little to hope from the Executive part of our Government.
10th. That the only hope of the people is on themselves.
11th. That the period is not far distant, when Britons must no longer depend upon any party of men for the recovery of their liberties.
12th. That the publicity of our conduct evinces the purity of our intentions, and is a testimony of our love of peace, and of the sacrifices we would make to spare the blood of our fellow countrymen.
13th. That the events of every day are clearly proving, that we have gained the good opinion of our fellow countrymen, notwithstanding the opposition of our persecutors and calumniators.
14th. That, in order the more effectually to obtain the co-operation and assistance of the whole country, deputies shall be sent from the Society to the principal towns in the kingdom, for the purpose of explaining to our fellow countrymen the necessity of associating, as the only means of procuring a parliamentary reform.
15th. That strong in the purity of our intentions and the goodness of our cause – regardless of the calumny and threats of our enemies – we again solemnly pledge ourselves to the British nation, never to desert the scared cause in which we are engaged, until we have obtained the grand object of our pursuit.
The chairman having left the chair, a motion was made and seconded, that the thanks of the meeting should be given to the Chairman, which was accordingly put and carried into motion.
A motion was also moved and passed, that the thanks of the meeting should be given to Citizen Jones, Thelwall, Hodgson &c for their exertions this day.
Both these Motions were unanimously passed, amidst the greatest acclamations. A little after Five o’clock the Meeting broke up, when the immense Company that was present separated, and proceeded to their respective homes: the utmost harmony, regularity and good order prevailed during the whole time, each and every individual seeming to be impressed with the Idea, that it was a Day SACRED TO LIBERTY.”
However peaceful and amicable the account above makes the end of the meeting sound, the language used certainly contains veiled threats. The address to the king, for instance, informs George III that his kingship is subject to the approval of the whole people of the nation, and this is a compact than can be revoked unless he wins the people’s approval; also that all the ‘inherited’ wealth of the king and the luxurious living he and his family enjoy is based on the labour of the lower orders… Despite the protestations of loyalty, and appeals to the old trope that the king is being betrayed in his duty to his subjects by the evil ministers that surround him (a well-versed theme going back to the Peasants Revolt), there is a passive-aggressive threat contained in almost every line. And the authorities cannot have missed the use of the title ‘Citizen’ – the term the French Revolutionaries had used, a title that in its very nature implied a people NOT subject to kingly authority, that threatened the guillotine without even mentioning it.
The speakers also threw out hints that the mob should surround Westminster on the 29th, when the king would go to the houses of parliament, to protest the king and government ignoring their petitions. This suggestion would directly lead to a riot and an attack on the king.
We will cover more on the Corresponding Society In October 1795, on October 29th… | <urn:uuid:bf08f232-a030-465f-a08e-251ecf599b6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pasttenseblog.wordpress.com/2018/10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968953 | 5,402 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Powder Laser Melting (PLM) is a new dynamic technique for the production of jewellery, based on an established industrial method: selective laser sintering. This technique allows more rapid and inexpensive production of jewellery with complex forms, reducing the time required for launching new collections on the market and allowing more flexible planning of production. The jewellery item is obtained directly from a 3D CAD file, thus shortening the design-production timeline. PLM has a low environmental impact.
This technique is suitable for:
With PLM the jewellery item is formed layer on layer. A layer of metallic powder is laid on a work surface, a laser beam is guided over the layer by a CNC system (Computer Numerical Control) which, by controlled switch-on and switch-off, fuses certain parts of the layer (corresponding to the solid parts of the item) leaving intact the powder in the areas corresponding to the hollow or external parts. Once the operation has been completed on the first layer of powder, another layer is deposited until the required item is obtained. | <urn:uuid:ead153c2-a752-4108-80a3-d2c2da935175> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://powmet.it/en/technology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.903159 | 222 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Turtle Safe Lighting & LED Light Bulbs
Typically sea turtles come ashore to nest beginning in May and hatching continues until late October.
What Kind of Light Bulbs Are Turtle Safe?
- Any other bulb that produces only 560 nanometers or longer wavelengths
- Approved Red or Orange Internally Phosphor-ed Fluorescent Tubes
- Approved Red, Orange or Amber LED Light Bulbs with colored diodes – No Color Filters
- Low Pressure Sodium in 18 watt or 35 Watts only
- True Red Neon
Sea turtle-friendly light bulbs utilize long-wavelength light (580 nanometers or longer), such as lights that are yellow, amber, or red in color. When buying fixtures and bulbs for your beachfront property, remember these rules – keep the light low, keep it shielded and keep the light long. Sea turtle lighting can provide adequate lighting for attractiveness, compliance and safety along with complying with beachfront lighting ordinances.
Complete turtle-friendly lighting requirements are outlined by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission and the exact requirements may be downloaded HERE!
CONTACT ILG WILDLIFE FOR TURTLE SAFE LIGHT BULBS & LIGHTING
Please contact ILG Wildlife to learn more about turtle safe lighting and LED light bulbs. | <urn:uuid:ccfce209-cf19-4eaa-9353-dfbb47639cdf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.turtleleds.com/turtle-safe-lighting-led-bulbs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.877094 | 264 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Charles Vinci, in full Charles Thomas Vinci, Jr., (born February 28, 1933, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.—died June 13, 2018, Westlake, Ohio), American weightlifter who won two Olympic gold medals.
Vinci, who stood just 4 feet 11 inches (1.5 metres) tall, won seven U.S. weightlifting titles in the bantamweight (56-kg [123.5-pound]) division in 1954–56 and 1958–61. He won Pan American Games titles in 1955 and 1959. At the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, Australia, Vinci won the gold medal with a world-record three-lift (snatch, clean and jerk, overhead press) total of 342.5 kg (755.1 pounds). He won his second Olympic gold medal at Rome in 1960 and tied the world record with a 345-kg (760-pound) total. Sometimes dubbed “Mighty Mite,” Vinci held a total of seven world records. | <urn:uuid:14086585-d96a-4afa-b30c-43533c3812a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Vinci | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963893 | 213 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Author of the popular 'Yu-Gi-Oh!' manga series Kazuki Takahashi passed away at the age of 60. He was found dead during snorkeling off the coast of Okinawa in Japan.
Authorities are investigating the case as an accident and a possible crime. "He was wearing a T-shirt and an underwater mask, snorkel and fins, the official in the city of Nago," an official told AFP. His body was found 328 yards offshore and pulled from the water.
Takahashi Died While Snorkeling
Yu-Gi-Oh!" ran in the Japanese weekly comic magazine "Shonen Jump" between 1996 and 2004. It told the story of Yugi, a teenager who receives an ancient puzzle that awakens in him the alter ego of an Egyptian pharaoh. The manga gave rise to a media franchise including a trading card game as well as anime series and films, according to The Japan Times.
Takahashi Also Made A World Record
Takahashi, who wrote under a pen name and his real first name was Kazuo, also made a record that was listed on Guinness Book of World Records.
Yu-Gi-Oh became the world's best-selling trading card game in 2011 as its more than 25.17 billion sets were sold around the world and it was recognized by the Guinness World Records.
Takahashi began as a manga artist in the 1980s and found success in 1996 when he created the manga comic series Yu-Gi-Oh! and began serializing it in Weekly Shonen Jump magazine. He later outlined the rules for an accompanying trading card game, according to Deadline.
Takahashi, who has remained in charge of the manga's direction through his Studio Dice imprint, just two weeks ago released Marvel's Secret Reverse, a manga graphic novel created with Marvel starring Iron Man and Spider-Man, according to the report. | <urn:uuid:dc0b5cfe-f6d8-436b-a7c2-7bd0c79fe0f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ibtimes.sg/kazuki-takahashi-cause-death-japanese-artist-known-creating-manga-series-yu-gi-oh-dies-60-65668 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.980635 | 396 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Upgrading College Education
FOLLOWING up their decision to move toward serious-minded student bodies at Oklahoma's two comprehensive universities, the state higher education regents have adopted tougher admission standards at the 10 regional schools.
As in the first instance, the action probably will invite allegations of discrimination. But the regents' decision is a sound one and should be supported by all citizens who want higher education to mean something in this state.
Under the new policy, admission standards at the 10 regional and four-year universities will be raised gradually between 1990 and 1993.
Within four years entering students will have to be ranked in the top half of their high school graduating classes or will have to score in the top half nationally in their college entrance examinations.
At present, students can be in the top two-thirds of their graduating classes or have a 2.7-point grade average. Alternatively, they must score at least 16 on the American College Test or 730 on the Scholastic Aptitude Test.
With such a wide latitude, the colleges and universities draw a number of young people not really qualified or prepared to study at the higher education level. Consequently, they fail or drop out in frustration early in their college career. This is not fair either to the students themselves or to the taxpayers who provide the facilities and the faculties for the higher education program.
The regents' records show 40 percent of the students drop out after the freshman year. This is a shocking rate and constitutes a shameful waste of education dollars.
It may be true that, in some cases, a graduating high school senior's low academic standing is not entirely his fault, assuming he has made a conscientious effort. But the universities cannot and should not be held responsible for overcoming deficiencies at the secondary level. Even under present policy, the universities can make limited exceptions to allow for special talents.
In any event, a program to upgrade the common schools and their teaching staffs has long been in place. By 1993 most students coming out of high school will have had the full benefit of this tougher approach and should have no excuse for poor preparation. BIOG: NAME:
Archive ID: 392811 | <urn:uuid:e6c0520b-9fde-4d4e-8f0e-b7b4cd3519b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1989/07/05/upgrading-college-education/62608758007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958009 | 441 | 2.15625 | 2 |
What makes Espresso different then regular roasted coffee? June 17, 2022 20:03 Updated Espresso is a strong, finely ground, dark roasted coffee brewed by quickly forcing hot water through the beans. Shop our Espresso Blend. Related articles Does Dark Roast have less caffeine than Medium or Light Roast? What is the best way to store Manatee Coffee beans? | <urn:uuid:a53d370f-f1ba-4f4e-bdd7-5afe87ab996d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://help.manateecoffee.com/hc/en-us/articles/6667929676955-What-makes-Espresso-different-then-regular-roasted-coffee- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.933983 | 75 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Bulgarian St Stefan Church reopens after major renovations
With its mixture of Byzantine, Ottoman and fin-de-siècle heritage, Istanbul is never short of sights to visit, explore and marvel at. Among its lesser known treasures, one stands out. It is both a curiosity and a place with an intriguing history, strongly connected to Bulgaria.
The Church of St Stefan on the banks of the Golden Horn is made entirely of iron. It belongs to the city's Bulgarian community and played a crucial part in 19th century Bulgarian history.
In the early 19th century, Istanbul was home to a thriving Bulgarian expat assemblage of merchants, craftsmen, politicians, men of letters and hotheads. They arrived from all over the Bulgarian lands, worked hard, made money, established businesses, studied in the best schools and generally absorbed anything new that arrived in the imperial capital. By the 1840s, there were so many that they needed a place to gather.
In 1849, the sultan allowed the Bulgarians to have their own church in Constantinople. Stefan Bogoridi, a Bulgarian who had risen to the top ranks of Ottoman society, donated a plot of land with three wooden houses on it. The property was a desirable location in the predominantly Greek Fener neighbourhood, close to the residence of the Patriarch of Constantinople, under whose jurisdiction Bulgarians, as Eastern Orthodox Christians, fell.
Initially, Bulgarians held their services in a small chapel, but soon they built a church out of wood. They called it St Stefan, in honour of Bogoridi.
In 1860, the Wooden Church witnessed a seminal event. At that time, Bulgarians were becoming anxious to emancipate themselves from the cultural and religious influence of the Greeks. This frustration was mostly due to the Ottoman Millet system that defined minorities on religious rather than national grounds. Thus, Eastern Orthodox Bulgarians were grouped with the Greeks, who dominated the Patriarchy and celebrated the mass in Greek, a language few Bulgarians spoke. In the mid-19th century, Bulgarians had had enough. They started a struggle for an independent church. It was to become one of the foundation stones of the modern Bulgarian nation.
St Stefan in 2008
The movement for religious independence turned radical on 3 April 1860. During Easter Mass in St Stefan, the Bulgarian bishop Ilarion Makariopolski replaced in his blessings the name of the Patriarch of Constantinople with that of the incumbent sultan. That was a serious breach of protocol. Makariopolski was exiled to Mount Athos, but what he had done galvanised the Bulgarians. In the following 10 years protests sprang up across the Bulgarian lands against the Greek clergy. As the crisis intensified, reaching a turning point, the sultan established an independent Bulgarian church, the Exarchate, in 1870. That had huge consequences. The Exarchate was the first proper Bulgarian institution since the fall under the Ottomans, in the late 14th century. Bulgarians had used the Millet system to achieve a bigger goal: their recognition as a separate minority in the empire. The first step towards national independence had been taken.
The seat of the Exarchate was next to the Wooden Church. It remained there until 1913, even after the Bulgarian state was restored in 1878, as it also served Bulgarians who remained in the Ottoman Empire. Back then, the idea for the unification of all Bulgarians in one nation state was hugely popular (among Bulgarians, that is) and seemed achievable.
The increased symbolic importance of St Stefan as a church that belonged to all Bulgarians required a proper building. In 1890, the sultan allowed the construction of a new St Stefan.
There was, however, an impediment. As the plot was on the shore, the ground water was too close to the surface and anything built on stone foundations would sink. The architect, Hovsep Aznavur, came up with a brilliant solution: the new church would be assembled from wrought-iron elements.
The idea was not as crazy as it might sound. Wrought-iron construction would be lighter, and it was all the rage in Europe. The previous year the Eiffel Tower had been erected in Paris, and Britain was shipping iron churches to its colonies, a precursor to the prefabricated buildings of the 20th century.
St Stefan in 1979
The new St Stefan cost the Bulgarian government 1 million francs, but the money was well spent. The wrought-iron elements were made between 1893 and 1896 by the Viennese company Waagner-Biro, which still exists and was responsible for the famed tessellated roof of the British Museum's Great Court. The elements weighed 500 tonnes; about 4 million bolts, nuts and rivets were used for the assembly. The church was 32.5m long and 12.5m wide, its architecture elegantly combining neo-Baroque, neo-Gothic and Byzantine style. The Art Nouveau interior, the first in Constantinople, was also made in Vienna. As the altar was erroneously designed in the Catholic style, a new icon door was purchased in Russia. The six bells, two of which are still in use today, are also Russian.
St Stefan was inaugurated on 8 September 1898. Today it is one of the few surviving iron churches in the world.
With the transfer of the Exarchate to Sofia and the decline of the Bulgarian community in Istanbul in the 20th century, the Iron Church lost its significance as an embodiment of the Bulgarian national cause. Lack of proper maintenance resulted in deterioration and corrosion. By the early 2000s St Stefan was in dire need of restoration.
In 2007, the Turkish government transferred the property ownership to Bulgarian association in Istanbul. In 2011, restoration works began. Most of the 3.5 million euros for the project were provided by the Turkish government.
The restored St Stefan reopened in January 2018. Last Easter, a group of Bulgarians even celebrated midnight mass in it.
The church interior after the restoration, in 2018
Church custodian, 1979 | <urn:uuid:17d10d8a-bb74-4fc3-8e71-ea94b33a5b05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vagabond.bg/index.php/iron-church-istanbuls-golden-horn-673 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.97652 | 1,250 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Advertising is a very common practice of brand name promotion broadly adopted by brand proprietors and advertisers to popularise their brand image. Advertising is of numerous types and means. Based upon the various tools used, advertising is classed as television ads, radio ads, print ads, outside ads, internet ads, mobile ads etc. In the following paragraphs, let’s solely talk about the significances of OOH advertising and just how it leverages robust business for a number of brand proprietors.
OOH Advertising plays a substantial role in contemporary brand advertising by topping the chart of advertising mediums. The launch of numerous wealthy tools and applications, the ready accessibility to brand message for purchasers once they leave the place to find work, shop or whine away, the altering consumer behaviorism each one of these create more possibilities for outside advertisers to produce unique promotion campaigns for his or her brands.
How OOH media leverage robust business for brand proprietors?
It is time to state bye to television & print ads and change to OOH media for brand advertising. Making certain effective brand communication to brand proprietors, OOH media has leveraged robust business for an array of brand proprietors and advertisers. Though OOH Advertising may be the earliest way of brand promotion, the pendulum of brand name advertising chance still swings towards OOH ads. Big and small advertisers both purchase what this means is of advertising to advertise their brand business on the market place.
Why OOH ads need to pass the important creative test?
An OOH Marketing campaign can provide proven brand communication solution. However, any OOH ad needs to pass the final creative test before it finally will get survive through a specific OOH media. Outside ads stick out using their company modes of advertising due to its originality and creativeness. With technological tools and applications, OOH Advertising is presently developing a huge upsurge in brand promotion activities.
How OOH Advertising become the best way of brand advertising?
Some marketers consider OOH advertising being an afterthought means that is precisely true. Television ads were regarded as dull adaptations from radio and print ads which was how television advertising grew to become a highly effective way of brand promotion. However, nowadays, people don’t cash time for you to view television or read newspapers to remain accustomed to what’s new in brand advertising. Print ads take ten minutes to understand the company message while people usually achieve home late (publish office) in most cases do not have time for you to turn on the tv to look at ads. Such hectic lifestyles of individuals further encourage outside advertisers to enjoy more OOH promotional initiatives to ensure that their clients stay accustomed to various brand messages through OOH ads.
Do OOH ads assure effective brand message?
Yes without any ifs and buts. However, as pointed out earlier, OOH ads need to pass the final creative test to be able to supply the targeted effect on the shoppers. The creative stream in almost any OOH ad ought to keep flowing to ensure that customers think it is alluring and learn the company message. | <urn:uuid:ab10517b-5e65-472b-abb3-570a6a4c3326> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teamctf.com/how-ooh-media-has-capped-the-chart-in-contemporary-advertising/188/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955192 | 625 | 2.34375 | 2 |
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Ageing and dementia in low and middle income countries - Using research to engage with public and policy makers.
(In ternational Review of Psychiatry, 2008)
While two thirds of the 24 million people with dementia worldwide live in low and middle income countries, very little research has been conducted to support policy making in these regions. Among the non-communicable ... | <urn:uuid:a7675c3a-b1a8-40be-93ff-fb7efd5ed5d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repositorio.unphu.edu.do/handle/123456789/6/discover?filtertype_0=subject&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_0=Anciano&filtertype=dateIssued&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=%5B2000+TO+2009%5D | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.925639 | 84 | 1.890625 | 2 |
All posts reviewing Nathanael Vette’s Writing With Scripture are archived at Vette : Writing With Scripture
I have come to a turning point in my reading and review of Nathanael Vette’s Writing With Scripture. I first learned of the book on the Biblical Criticism & History Forum where a member described it as “amazing. A real game changer” — How could I not read it! What I was expecting was a theoretical analysis of how the author of the Gospel of Mark used Scripture to construct his narrative. It was with that optimism that I approached the book. After my first reading I thought I might have read too quickly and that I would see more with a slower re-reading as I wrote about it for this blog. But after having now arrived at what I think can be described as the beginning of the work’s most critical section, subtitled The Jewish scriptures in the Passion Narrative, and having re-read it several times, marking it, following up the footnotes, and trying to digest it as best I can, I have to conclude several things that fall within four categories:
1. I am not part of the reading audience the author had in mind;
2. The work is written primarily for New Testament scholars and informed lay “liberal” believers in the Bible;
3. The thesis advanced affirms that scripturally allusive passages in the Gospel of Mark “seem to have been triggered by some genuine aspect of Jesus’ career” and similar types of passages in the Passion Narrative likewise have some “traditional or historical sources” behind them – however uncertain we inevitably remain about the exact nature and extent of those sources.
4. The work conforms to the assumptions and methods embedded within mainstream biblical studies, a point I have difficulty with because, as I have demonstrated repeatedly by reference to other historians and philosophers of history, these assumptions and methods are at odds with much of the way historical work outside biblical studies is undertaken. Despite that difference, and when not engaged in apologetics disguised as scholarship, New Testament scholars do often produce works of informative insight and value.
I have also said that Nathanael Vette [NV] raises many issues that invite discussion and debate. And who can complain about that! So let’s continue.
The Passion Narrative is so rich in Scriptural allusion in each of the canonical Gospels and even in the extra-canonical Gospel of Peter, so the question arises: Has it been created from Scripture — is “prophecy historicized”? Or is it history that was retold in Scriptural language – “history remembered”? Or is that dichotomy too simplistic? Is it more useful to work with Mark Goodacre’s concept of “history scripturalized”? That is the question NV takes up — so it would seem — at Mark Goodacre’s invitation when he (Goodacre) wrote:
It is a tribute to Gospel scholarship of recent times that it has so stressed the role played by the Old Testament in the formation of the New. Monograph after monograph appears on the topic, conferences are held which centre on this topic alone, and it is now rightly perceived to be quite impossible to understand the New Testament without intimate knowledge of the Old. And yet in spite of the sheer volume of studies on this all important topic, it is surprising to see how often the function of the Old Testament in the New is simply taken for granted, as if it is self evident to any intelligent reader. But one of the elements that requires an explanation is the variation in the usage of the Scriptures at different points in the Gospel narratives. (Goodacre, Scripturalization, [unpaged: see https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/3171] Bolded highlighting is mine in all quotations)
NV has answered that call with Writing With Scripture [WWS].
Commenting on all of the examples covered so far in WWS of how Second Temple authors utilized Scripture, NV sets forth the following fundamental point of his argument:
158. The stories of Kenaz and the stones (LAB 25-26) and Zebul (LAB 29) can also be included here.
In the examples surveyed so far, only one appears to have been composed entirely out of scriptural elements, with no recourse to traditional or historical sources: Kenaz’s Gideon-inspired defeat of the Amorites (LAB 27).158 [see part 2] In the other examples, scripturalization takes place in relation to some pre-existing material. This includes
— the scripturalization of a primary scriptural narrative with secondary scriptural material (Gen. 13-15 in IQapGen 11; cf. Gen. 9:1-7) [see part 3],
— scripturalized narratives composed on the basis of an exegetical tradition (Dan. 3 in LAB 6 and 38; cf. Gen. 15:7 and Judg. 10:5) [see part 7],
— scripturalization of an episode in the career of a historical person (Deut. 2:26-36 and 20:10-14 in 1 Macc. 5:45-51) [see part 3]
— and the scripturalization of a legend derived from the scriptural text (LXX Job 1-2 in T. Ab. A 1-15 [see part 4]; cf. Gen. 18:1-15).
— Even the non-historical figure of Judith was not composed entirely out of Jael in Judges 4—5 (or Deborah or Miriam) [see part 4]; rather, the scripturalization occurs within a much larger pseudo-historical narrative.
In each of these examples, something existed prior to scripturalization. The scripturalized narrative of IQapGen 11, for example, preserves much of Gen. 9:1-4, whilst incorporating material from Gen. 13:7, 15:1 and 26:24 [see part 3]. In the two fiery furnace narratives (LAB 6; 38), the episodes have been spun out of a single word in the primary scripture (אור in Gen. 15:7; קמון in Judg. 10:5) [see part 2]. The scripturalized account of Judas’ siege of Ephron (1 Macc. 5:45-51), which is told in the language of Moses’ defeat of Sihon and the laws of ḥērem, may result from little more than a faint knowledge of a military altercation at an obscure village [see part 3]. But there is still something of history to the episode, or at least to the military campaign described in 1 Maccabees 3-5. (NV, 159f – italics belong to the original; formatting is mine)
NV drives the point home in his next paragraph:
159. As Allison, Constructing Jesus, 387—433; pace Crossan, The Birth of Christianity, 521.
Turning to Mark, the scripturalized narratives surveyed thus far seem to have a similarly tenuous connection to historical memory, but nevertheless seem to have been triggered by some genuine aspect of Jesus’ career – his reputation as a teacher with disciples (Mk 1:12-20) or as a miracle-worker(6:35-44; 8:1-9) – as well as the sordid details surrounding John’s death (6:21-28). One might expect a similar interaction between pre-existing tradition and scriptural material in the Passion Narrative of Mark 14—15. . . . Take away the scriptural material from Mark 14-15 and a coherent narrative still remains.159 (NV, 160)
NV then turns to the question of motivation and concludes that Mark, like other Second Temple era authors, had multiple motives according to each part of the narrative being “scripturalized”.
But why should a “coherent narrative” predispose the reader to assume he or she is reading what is essentially historical? I suspect that there are many more ahistorical coherent narratives in the world than historical ones.
When I consulted the pages in Allison’s Constructing Jesus cited by NV above, I read arguments for why we should believe that historical memory is behind the broad outline of the Passion Narrative but unless I overlooked it, I did not see a demonstration of a coherent narrative after removing the “scriptural material”. Allison compares Paul’s letters with the Gospels, even explicitly interpreting Paul’s words through the Gospel narratives, and he does list some details that do not have a scriptural basis:
Goodacre contends that Crossan cannot plausibly explain why so many items in the passion narratives—Golgotha, Simon of Cyrene, and the inscription over the cross, for instance—were not manufactured from the Tanak. (Allison, 388)
Turning to the Goodacre chapter to which Allison is referring,
It is consensus that the Passion Narratives were composed with at least the intention to evoke memories of such scriptures, but what is striking here is the number of important elements that clearly cannot have been derived from the Old Testament: the man who carried Jesus’ cross, Simon of Cyrene; the place of Jesus’ crucifixion, Golgotha; the time of Jesus’ crucifixion, the third hour; the written charge against him, ‘King of the Jews’. This kind of mixture is exactly what we would expect if the earliest Passion Narrative was told with both tradition and the scriptures in mind. Certain events were simply not conducive to getting retold in the light of the Old Testament – there was nothing there about Simon of Cyrene, Golgotha, the third hour or the titulus.
This situation is not what we would expect on the ‘prophecy historicized’ model. It is a key point for Crossan that when we remove ‘prophetic fulfilment’, we are left with ‘nothing but the barest facts, almost as in Josephus or Tacitus’. But Josephus and Tacitus do not tell us about the time and place of Jesus’ crucifixion, the titulus or the man who carried his cross, and this is, of course, only a small section of the Passion Narrative overall. (Goodacre, Prophecy, 46)
Another detail singled out by NV and Goodacre as most plausibly derived from historical memory is the introduction of the names of three women watching the crucifixion of Jesus and the sons of Simon of Cyrene. (I will discuss this point in due course.)
But the point I want to make is that that “kind of mixture is” also “exactly what we would expect if the earliest Passion Narrative was told” by drawing upon multiple literary and ideological sources — and there are many candidates in the post-Jewish war context.
It should go without saying that details that are not derived from Scripture are not thereby necessarily derived from historical memories. Even if a coherent narrative does remain after one removes the scriptural allusions (which has only been asserted or argued from circularity — assuming there was a historical core to begin with — and not demonstrated from what I have seen so far), we have studies that do demonstrate at least to some scholar’s satisfaction that the trial scene of Jesus is based on novelistic features and other literary tropes (Aesop, Socrates, the Maccabean martyrs); that the subsequent mockery and crucifixion, including the place name Golgotha, are built around what we know of other ironic mockery and victory-death processions (Philo’s Carabbas, the Roman Triumph); that the hourly markers in the PN derived from early Christian liturgy; and we have abundant evidence that the author of the Gospel of Mark loved both irony and playing with the sounds, meanings and associations of names. All of these points have been argued in some depth in other posts (or soon will be) and are well-known (or should be) in the scholarly literature.
Vette has asserted up till now that there are historical episodes behind most of the Scripture-augmented stories from the Second Temple era and each time I have paused to explain why I think that those assertions are not grounded in the kind of logic or method that one generally finds in the works of other (non-biblical) historians.
NV opens this new section by noting Dibelius’s role in “starting it all” — “it” being the scholarly debates over how much the Passion Narrative in particular owes to memory and how much to Scripture. An English translation of the foundational work by Dibelius, From Tradition to Gospel, is available at archive.org. Dibelius believed that the unsophisticated literary character of the canonical gospels raised the question of a “form” of writing that is best explained as meeting the requirements of preaching of the gospel, details of which had been passed down by oral tradition. Early in his discussion he makes his starting line clear:
We may take it for granted that Jesus’ words and the accounts of His life and death were kept alive in the circle of His disciples. (Dibelius, 11)
And that is where most scholars of the Gospels and Jesus that I have read also begin. I don’t mean that cynically. That it is so is an almost inevitable cultural heritage. (A few scholars and lay apologists may descend to unpleasantries when addressing this question but we don’t want to go there.) Even the two sides of the “prophecy historicized – history remembered” debate begin with what Dibelius said “we may take for granted”. As John Dominic Crossan points out, the heart of the question is how to account for what lies behind the Gospel narratives; that is: What are the “origins” of what we read in our sources?
The most fundamental debate about the passion-resurrection story is not about the problem of sources (or how our versions relate to one another) but about the problem of origins (or how that story was first created). The problem is not about the brute facts of Jesus’ crucifixion outside Jerusalem around Passover [like Dibelius he takes that “brute fact” for granted] but about the specific details of that consecutive story, blow by blow and word for word, hour by hour and day by day. There are two major disjunctive options that I summarize as prophecy historicized versus history remembered. (Crossan, 520)
NV concurs with Goodacre who thinks Crossan is being too simplistic, even saying that he is “caricaturing” the position of the “conservative” scholar he is debating, Raymond Brown. Goodacre:
Only the most ardent fundamentalists would go for the view that the Passion Narratives were simply made up of “history remembered”, and the term is in fact not one that is used by Raymond Brown, whose work Crossan is caricaturing.20 (Goodacre, Scripturalization, 39]
In fairness to Crossan here, and pace Goodacre and NV, Brown does permit willing believers who are reading his second volume of Death of the Messiah to accept that there was a literal darkness that came over the land for three hours and that the Temple curtain really was torn and that “vinegary wine” was given to Jesus on the cross — all points that I don’t think NV and Goodacre consider historical. (If I am wrong on that point no doubt someone will better inform me.) Brown writes,
As one reads the startling description of darkness covering the whole earth from noon to 3 P.M. (sixth to ninth hours), several possible interpretations spring to mind. This could be a factual account involving either a natural phenomenon (eclipse, storm, etc.) or a totally unparalleled miracle. Or it could be a purely figurative description, reflecting either OT eschatological language, or Hellenistic imagery associated with the death of famous men, or both. While all these possibilities will have to be discussed, such discussion will be subordinate to our primary concern, namely, the use to which each evangelist puts the darkness motif. (Brown, 1034)
. . . .
18. . . Appealing to Acts 2:20, “The sun shall be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood,” Humphreys and Waddington (“Dating”) suggest that Luke combined a sandstorm with a partial moon eclipse that took place on April 3, AD 33.
19 This is mentioned or favored by distinguished scholars, e.g., Lagrange, Benoit, Fitzmyer. Driver (“‘Two”) argues that since the Temple was open on the eastern side (Mishna, Middot 2.4), the wind that brought the dust could have torn the sanctuary veil!
20 Certainly that is true of Lagrange’s proposal of a sirocco; and already, writing ca. 396, Jerome, who lived there, mentions an unusual darkness that took place around Pentecost (Contra loannem Hierosolymitanum 42 [PL 23.393C]).
If there was no eclipse of the sun at the death of Jesus,18 what other known phenomenon could have caused the darkness or the obscuring of sunlight? Many explanations have been offered: sunspots, solar storms, the ḥamsīn or sirocco winds bringing a dust storm,19 a thunderstorm, the aftermath of a volcanic eruption in Arabia or Syria, etc. The Lucan passage, however, gives no hint of winds or storms (contrast Acts 2:2). Moreover, some of these suggestions emanate from people who have lived in Palestine and know the local weather phenomena,20 but Luke does not betray that type of knowledge. (Brown, 1040)
. . . .
[T]he oxos or vinegary wine is a universally common element in the PN [Passion Narrative] being mentioned in all the canonical Gospels and GPet [Gospel of Peter]. (Brown, 1059 – Brown earlier explained that multiple attestation of purportedly independent sources strengthens the case for historicity.)
. . . .
All the accounts suppose that there was vinegary wine at hand (John 19:29 will make that explicit: “A jar was there laden with vinegary wine”). That is not implausible since oxos is Greek for the posca or red peasant wine drunk by Roman soldiers (MM 452-53). (Brown, 1063)
That is the position that Crossan was challenging and he was hardly “caricaturing” Brown’s position. He also allowed Brown to explain his position in his own words:
It is inconceivable that they [the Twelve] showed no concern about what happened to Jesus after the arrest. True, there is no Christian claim that they were present during the legal proceedings against him, Jewish or Roman; but it is absurd to think that some information was not available to them about why Jesus was hanged on a cross. . . . Thus from the earliest days available historical raw material could have been developed into a PN [passion narrative] extending from the arrest to the burial, no matter what form it might receive in the course of evangelistic use and how it might have been embellished and added to by Christian imagination. Some scholars, however, insist that the evangelistic enterprise means that Christians had no interest in historical raw material whether or not it was available. . . . The first followers of Jesus would have known many things about crucifixion in general and almost surely some of the details about Jesus’ crucifixion, e.g., what kind of cross was employed. Nevertheless, what is preserved in the narrative is mostly what echoes Scripture (division of garments, offering of vinegary wine, final words of Jesus).
— Raymond E. Brown, The Death of the Messiah, pp. 14-15
The issue of scriptural background becomes more debatable in views like those of Koester and J. D. Crossan, who … dismiss any rooting of the passion in Christian memory. Koester [19803:127] states with assurance that in the beginning there was only belief that Jesus’ passion and resurrection happened according to the Scriptures so that “the very first narratives of Jesus’ suffering and death would not have made any attempt to remember what actually happened.” Crossan [1988:405] goes even further: “It seems to me most likely that those closest to Jesus knew almost nothing about the details of the event. They knew only that Jesus had been crucified, outside Jerusalem, at the time of Passover, and probably through some conjunction of imperial and sacerdotal authority.” He does not explain why he thinks this “most likely,” granted the well-founded tradition that those closest to Jesus had followed him for a long time, day and night. Did they suddenly lose all interest, not even taking the trouble to inquire about what must have been the most traumatic moment of their lives?
— Raymond E. Brown. The Death of the Messiah, pp. 15-16 (Crossan, 477 and 519f)
I can’t help but think that Goodacre’s and NV’s concept of “scripturalized history” is in effect another term for Brown’s position — historical raw materials embellished with scripture. There is a difference, though. Brown does appear to draw the line at accepting as historical Matthew’s “embellishments” of rocks cleaving and the dead coming out of their graves and walking through the streets of Jerusalem. Brown is also most focussed on the theological meaning each evangelist imputes into the events he sets down — but still allowing for the possibility of historical memories behind the three hours of darkness, the tearing of the temple veil and giving “vinegary wine” to Jesus.
It’s all about where one sits on a continuum:
- Crossan: Jesus was crucified, the rest is biblically inspired invention
- NV/Goodacre: Jesus was crucified, two Marys and Salome watched on, Simon of Cyrene carried the cross, Golgotha was where Jesus was crucified; but there was no mid-day darkness, no temple veil was torn, no offering of vinegary wine (those were scriptural elements added on to historical memories)
- Brown: Jesus was crucified, everything in the PN was historically possible even though described in Scriptural motifs that imbued those memories with meaning — except no comment can be made about the historicity of the dead coming out of their graves.
I have quoted Brown’s position at length above, and also tried to set out the core of NV’s and Goodacre’s position. I think it fair to let Crossan explain why he disagrees with the proposition that historical memory lies behind the Passion Narrative:
The first reason is negative, against the position of history remembered, and it reverts to the problem of sources. If there were, from the beginning, a detailed passion-resurrection story or even just a passion narrative, I would expect more evidence of it than is currently extant. It is totally absent from the Life Tradition, and it appears in the Death Tradition as follows. On the one hand, outside the gospels, there are no references to those details of the passion narrative. If all Christians knew them, why do no other Christians mention them? On the other hand, within the gospels, everyone else copies directly or indirectly from Mark. If one story was established early as history remembered, why do all not “copy” from it rather than depend on Mark? Why do Matthew and Luke have to rely so completely on Mark? Why does John, despite his profound theological innovation, depend so completely on synoptic information? The negative argument is not that such a history-remembered narrative could not have happened. Of course it could. The argument is that we lack the evidence for its existence; and, if it existed, we would expect some such evidence to be available.
The second reason is positive, for the position of prophecy historicized. The individual units, general sequences, and overall frames of the passion-resurrection stories are so linked to prophetic fulfillment that the removal of such fulfillment leaves nothing but the barest facts, almost as in Josephus, Tacitus, or the Apostles’ Creed.
— By individual units I mean such items as these: the lots cast and garments divided from Psalm 22:18; the darkness at noon from Amos 8:9; the gall and vinegar drink from Psalm 69:21.
— By general sequences I mean such items as these: the Mount of Olives situation from 2 Samuel 15-17; the trial collaboration from Psalm 2; the abuse description from the Day of Atonement ritual in Leviticus 16.
— By overall frames I mean the narrative genre of innocence vindicated, righteousness redeemed, and virtue rewarded.
In other words, on all three narrative levels—surface, intermediate, and deep—biblical models and scriptural precedents have controlled the story to the point that without them nothing is left but the brutal fact of crucifixion itself. (Crossan, 521 with my formatting — This extract is from the same page reference that NV gives in footnote #159 quoted above: one may therefore add here “pace Allison”.)
Some readers may think I have not given Allison a fair reply. I am prepared to discuss Allison’s case again in more detail and may do so in a future post. Till then, I am confident that Allison’s position is encapsulated in the remarks I have quoted from Goodacre and from pages 14 to 16 of Brown. If you want to do more to keep me honest I have posted an online link to Allison’s book in the bibliography below.
NV prepares us for what is to follow:
This final section proposes that no one model is sufficient for understanding the use of the Jewish scriptures in the Markan Passion Narrative. As before, the focus will be on instances where unmarked scriptural language appears as part of the narrative, or where an episode or scene seems to be modelled extensively on scriptural elements. It will be my contention that the Passion Narrative utilizes scriptural elements in a manner similar to the scripturalized narratives surveyed thus far, often using the same language as other contemporaneous texts to depict the suffering of the righteous. (NV, 162)
(Until the next post, interested readers might like to have a look at a post from 2017: 160 Scriptural Quotations and Allusions in Mark 11-16. Also Gospels Cut from Jewish Scriptures, #6 and Gospels Cut from Jewish Scriptures, #7 (conclusion))
Allison, Dale C. Jr. Constructing Jesus: Memory, Imagination, and History. Reprint edition. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2013.
Brown, Raymond Edward. The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave: A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1994.
Crossan, John Dominic. The Birth of Christianity: Discovering What Happened in the Years Immediately After the Execution of Jesus. San Francisco: Harper, 1998.
Dibelius, Martin. From Tradition To Gospel. Translated by Bertram Lee Woolf. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1935.
Goodacre, Mark. “Prophecy Historicized or Tradition Scripturalized? Reflections on The Origins of The Passion Narrative.” In The New Testament and The Church : Essays in Honour of John Muddiman, edited by John Barton and Peter Groves, 37–51. London & New York: T & T Clark, 2015.
Goodacre, Mark. “Scripturalization in Mark‘s Crucifixion Narrative.” In The Trial and Death of Jesus: Essays on the Passion Narrative in Mark, edited by Geert van Oyen and Tom Shepherd, 33–47. Leuven: Peeters, 2006.
- https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/3171. (This version appears to be a pre-print; some variation is found in the published volume)
Humphreys, Colin J., and W. G. Waddington. “Dating the Crucifixion.” Nature 306, no. 5945 (December 1983): 743–46.
Vette, Nathanael. Writing With Scripture: Scripturalized Narrative in the Gospel of Mark. London ; New York: T&T Clark, 2022.
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[texhax] What is???
Robin.Fairbairns at cl.cam.ac.uk
Wed Nov 10 18:59:12 CET 2004
> OK, so what the hell should I say, then? If I say something like tek,
> latek, am I a bad person?
you say what gets you understood. the only thing knuth actually
forbids is sounding the x like an english x. (and, pace the
discussion on comp.text.tex about whether one should obey knuth's
instructions, you can take that as you choose.)
personally, i don't like that pronunciation, but then i have a
well-developed talent for mimicry and was taught how to mimic germans
at a young age...
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- Care providers should have a policy on how to clean all areas of the environment, fixtures and fittings that includes what to do and what products to use if there is a spillage of blood or body fluids.
- Spillages of blood must be decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant.
- All spillages should be treated as potentially infectious and appropriate precautions should be taken.
- Providers should have regard to the Health and Social Care Act 2008: code of practice for health and adult social care on the prevention and control of infections and related guidance.
- Staff should be trained in managing blood and body fluid spills and splashes, including the use of chlorine-releasing agents.
With the publication of the revised infection control code of practice in 2015, it is even more important to ensure your procedures for managing body fluid spillages are effective.
In a care home or domiciliary care setting, spillages of body fluids, such as blood, faeces, vomit and urine, are not only un-sanitary but can also present an infection risk. All such substances may contain micro-organisms that can spread disease.
To minimise risk and comply with health and safety law, regulatory requirements and infection control guidance, effective cleaning and decontamination procedures and policies must therefore be in place.
Appropriate risk assessments should be carried out in all care services to identify any risks from spillage hazards.
Body fluids, such as blood, faeces, vomit and urine, constitute substances hazardous to health. As such, the risks from them must be assessed and controlled in compliance with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002.
The COSHH Regulations also cover substances used to control the risks, such as disinfectants and detergents.
Spillages of blood must be decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant to make them safe. The most popular disinfectants are chlorine-releasing chemicals, which can also be hazardous if not used according to the manufacturer's instructions. Adverse health effects from these products include irritation, dermatitis and breathing problems. These risks also need to be controlled under COSHH regulations.
Infection control regulatory guidance
Care providers in England must comply with the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014 in order to maintain their registration with CQC. The regulations require providers to have regard to the Health and Social Care Act 2008: code of practice for health and adult social care on the prevention and control of infections and related guidance, often referred to as 'the Hygiene Code'.
The Code states that:
- Clear procedures should be in place for dealing with spillages.
- A policy on how to clean all areas of the environment, fixtures and fittings should be available that includes what to do and what products to use if there is a spillage of blood or body fluids.
- Staff should be trained in the management of blood and body fluid spills and splashes, including the use of chlorine-releasing agents.
All care home and domiciliary care services should have an agreed policy on the cleaning of body fluid spillages.
Spillages must be dealt with as soon as possible and not left. Care staff should be trained to clear up spillages and should have suitable equipment available.
In care homes, cleaning may be carried out by suitably trained cleaners but staff managing a spillage should not wait for them to be available. If there is any delay in dealing with a spillage, for example because staff with appropriate training are not readily available, the spillage should be safely isolated and/or the room locked. If the spillage is in a public area of a care home it must not be left unattended by staff.
Equipment provided should include:
- suitable disinfectants
- general purpose detergent
- disposable towels
- personal protective equipment – disposable gloves, aprons, splash-proof eye protection, etc.
- clinical waste bags.
Commercially produced 'spillage kits' are available that contain all the required equipment and are ready for staff to use at short notice. These might be placed in suitable points of a care home or carried with domiciliary care staff if a risk is identified.
All spillages should be treated as potentially infectious and appropriate precautions should be taken.
To protect against blood-borne viruses blood spillages should be decontaminated using the correct disinfectant at the correct concentration. The most commonly used substance is a 10,000ppm hypochlorite solution (1 part chlorine to 10 parts water) or chlorine-releasing granule type cleaners.
Staff cleaning a blood spillage should:
- assemble the equipment they need
- open a window and ventilate the area
- put on disposable gloves and an apron and wear eye protection wherever there may be a danger of splashing
- prepare the hypochlorite solution (diluted solutions are unstable and should be freshly prepared)
- use paper towels to soak up and mop up excess fluid and dispose of these in a clinical waste bag
- cover the spillage with more towels soaked in hypochlorite or with granules and leave for two to three minutes
- carefully wipe up all organic matter and dispose of it in the waste bag
- clean the area with hot water and detergent and then dry the area with more paper towels
- dispose of the protective equipment and waste and wash hands in soap and water.
In a care home or a communal setting, staff should use a 'wet floor' warning sign where there is a danger that people may slip on the floor while it is drying. An alternative would be to exclude people from the area until dry.
Strong solutions of chlorine-releasing agents, such as hypochlorite, react with acidic body fluids such as urine and may cause a rapid release of toxic levels of chlorine. They should therefore not be used directly on such spillages.
Where blood is not visible, staff cleaning a spillage of urine or faeces should follow the same procedure as above. However, after using paper towels to soak up fluids and mop up organic material, they should clean the area with hot water and detergent and then dry it with more paper towels rather than use hypochlorite immediately.
If blood is visible, after removing the spillage and washing the area with detergent, it is safe to disinfect the surface with sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution before washing again with hot water and detergent.
During outbreaks of diarrhoea, viral gastroenteritis or norovirus, for instance, surfaces should be disinfected following initial cleaning.
COSHH risk assessments must be carried out for all chemical disinfectants in use, such as hypochlorite. These should identify the precautions to be taken, for which staff should be appropriately trained and equipped.
Staff should use chemicals according to the manufacturer's instructions and as specified in the safety data sheet supplied with the substance.
Care of furnishings
Chlorine-based solutions may bleach and cause damage to carpets and other materials such as sofas and curtains. If body fluids are spilled on soft furnishings and carpets, staff should mop up organic matter with paper towels or disposable cloths and then clean the surfaces thoroughly using a general purpose detergent and water solution. Carpets can be domestically cleaned using a carpet suction cleaner after the spillage has been treated. Furniture/curtains should be steam-cleaned thoroughly.
If an item remains soiled it should be condemned and replaced. However, staff should be sensitive to the ownership of possessions. Furniture that is the property of the service user should be dealt with according to their wishes.
Training and supervision
It is the service manager's responsibility to ensure that staff are appropriately trained and competent to safely carry out the procedures required of them.
All new staff should attend basic infection control awareness training and read the policy on infection control. Induction should include information on managing body fluid spillages, as well as hand hygiene and using disinfectants safely.
Staff should attend updates as required, with records of attendance kept.
Use the following item in the Toolkit to help you put the ideas in this article into practice:
About the author
Martin Hodgson MSc, PGCEA is a community psychiatric nurse by background, and has had a long career working as a senior manager in various health agencies, including mental health, primary and community care. | <urn:uuid:13a3377a-8225-46b8-b1a6-cbdd18a0ef50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ecmmagonline.co.uk/contents/item/151733-managing-body-fluid-spillages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.935892 | 1,778 | 2.765625 | 3 |
WHAT’S IN THIS CHAPTER?
- Using custom attributes
- Inspecting the metadata at runtime using reflection
- Building access points from classes that enable reflection
WROX.COM CODE DOWNLOADS FOR THIS CHAPTER
The wrox.com code downloads for this chapter are found at http://www.wrox.com/remtitle.cgi?isbn=1118314425 on the Download Code tab. The code for this chapter is divided into the following major examples:
MANIPULATING AND INSPECTING CODE AT RUNTIME
This chapter focuses on custom attributes and reflection. Custom attributes are mechanisms that enable you to associate custom metadata with program elements. This metadata is created at compile time and embedded in an assembly. Reflection is a generic term that describes the capability to inspect and manipulate program elements at runtime. For example, reflection allows you to do the following:
- Enumerate the members of a type
- Instantiate a new object
- Execute the members of an object
- Find out information about a type
- Find out information about an assembly
- Inspect the custom attributes applied to a type
- Create and compile a new assembly
This list represents a great deal of functionality and encompasses some of the most powerful and complex capabilities provided by the .NET Framework class library. Because one chapter does not have the space to cover all the capabilities of reflection, it focuses on those elements that you are likely to use most frequently. ... | <urn:uuid:10ecec4f-7744-4f50-888f-8304b75c9bf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/professional-c-2012/9781118332122/xhtml/Chapter15.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.841715 | 329 | 2.78125 | 3 |
INTRODUCTION: Indiana produced a variety of fuel and nonfuel mineral commodities. The fuels coal, crude oil, and natural gas are essential in powering the diverse facets of the state's economy. Most of the nonfuel commodities are used in some aspect of the construction industry. Cement is used in mortar and concrete and for highways and buildings; common clay and shale primarily for aggregate, concrete manufacture, and cement; dimension limestone for building stone and flagstone; sandstone for building stone and rubble; gypsum for wallboard and cement; and sand and gravel primarily for concrete aggregate, roadbase and stabilization and fill. Other commodities produced are used for a variety of purposes. Ball clay is used primarily for absorbents and fillers, lime primarily in the steel industry; peat primarily for soil improvement and earthworm culture; and industrial sand for refractory purposes, as well as molding, blasting, and glass. In addition, gemstones freshwater pearls and occasionally garnets are produced in Indiana. The industry is widespread: only four of Indiana's 92 counties did not produce at least one mineral commodity during 1993. Commodities produced in Indiana during 1992 and 1993, as well as quantity and value of that production, are listed in publication. During 1993, total Indiana mineral production including fuels and nonfuels was valued at $1.1 billion, a decrease of 8.3 percent from 1992 reported value. Industrial mineral production was valued at $473 million, a less than one percent decrease form 1992. The state ranked twenty-first nationally in total value of industrial minerals produced. The combined value of fuels was $670 million, an overall decrease of 13 percent from 1992. Fuels made up 58.6 percent of the total value of minerals produced during the year. The U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) reports that an average of 2,948 individuals were mining coal in Indiana during the year, a decrease of 15.2 percent from the 3,476 engaged in mining coal the previous year; and 3,504 persons were employed in mining industrial minerals during 1993, a less than one percent increase from the 3,486 persons reported in similar activity during 1992. Most individuals employed in mining industrial minerals were in aggregates production.
Shaffer, K. R. 1995, Indiana mineral industry activity and production statistics: Indiana Geological Survey Open-File Study 95-12
Notes: Publications in the Indiana Geological Survey Open-File series have been inconsistently named using a variety of series titles including "Open-File Report," "Open-File Map," and "Open-File Study." Prior to 1994, a publication in this series was generally referred to as an "Open-File Report" (but not always). To help reduce confusion created by these inconsistencies, the IGS now refers to every publication in the Open-File series as an "Open-File Study." To be entirely correct in writing a bibliographic reference for a publication, one should use the series name and number that appears on the publication itself.
You may also like:
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- Customers are responsible for paying shipping costs to return products. | <urn:uuid:e4b16b4f-06e4-452c-82a4-d61b3a61b012> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://igws.indiana.edu/bookstore/details.cfm?Pub_Num=OFS95-12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.949211 | 781 | 3.109375 | 3 |
(WJW) – Mobile service providers will shut down their 3G networks in 2022 to make way for more advanced network services like 5G.
That means many older cell phones won’t be able to make or receive texts and calls, even with 911.
This applies to 3G mobile phones and some older 4G mobile phones that do not support Voice over LTE.
“Cellular service providers have flexibility in choosing the types of technologies and services they deploy, even as they stop offering legacy services to transition to newer services to meet their needs. meet consumer needs,” said the Federal Communications Commission.
Here’s the 2022 timeline for providers to shut down, according to the FCC:
- AT&T – February
- Verizon – December 31
- T-Mobile – Many days
- Sprint’s 3G CDMA network before March 31
- Sprint’s 4G LTE network before June 30
- T-Mobile 3G UMTS network before July 1
- No announcement of 2G network outage date
Carriers like Cricket, Boost, and Straight Talk use these networks, so if you don’t see your provider listed, you may still be affected.
“It’s important to plan now so you don’t lose your connection,” the FCC states.
If you are unsure about your mobile phone, contact your mobile service provider to find out if you need to upgrade your device.
This change could also affect tablets, smartwatches, home security systems, and other connected products. You’ll also need to contact that service provider to see if those services are affected.
To encourage customers to switch to new technology-enabled devices, some mobile service providers may offer special offers on new devices, some of which may include phones Free mobile.
In addition, some FCC programs may help eligible customers with the cost of phone or internet service, although the agency does not cover the cost of new equipment.
Click here to read more from the FCC.
https://www.westernslopenow.com/news/what-to-know-as-mobile-providers-shut-down-3g-networks/ Things to know when mobile service providers turn off 3G network | <urn:uuid:08d93c60-62b3-45d3-8c4a-f02b99e7ceff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ustimetoday.com/things-to-know-when-mobile-service-providers-turn-off-3g-network/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.92728 | 468 | 1.789063 | 2 |
We had a great day in Gorinchem with nice clouds and good company. Gorinchem is an old fortified city dating back to around 1000 AD. We visited the city center where de installation Lichttrechter (Light funnel) by artist Corrie van de Vendel was a nice photographic subject. We walked the eastern ramparts from the Nonnenveld, Dalempoort, the windmill de Hoop. From there the rampart are green and quiet with nice rows of Plane trees, and fields of waterlilies right up to the Radio Intercept Station. There we went back into the city center. The slideshow pause when you hoover your mouse over it. By pressing view thumbnail you get a good experience on a phone.
Photographs by Joop Peerboom ©
Photographs by Mare Tropp ©
Photographs by Timco van Brummelen ©
Photographs by John Stratton ©
Photographs by Heather Oortman © | <urn:uuid:1d4a5c07-bee0-49c6-a9f2-b15c5dae7959> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imagesphotoclub.com/photowalk-gorinchem-june-8-2019/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.910697 | 199 | 1.539063 | 2 |
I've just come across as socket which is powered off a 1.5 twin + earth lighting circuit. It is being used in an attic to power a rodent deterent device and therefore not drawing any significant current.
I fully understand that this does not meet building regulations and needs to be brought to the attentation of the owner but I was wondering what code to assign to it.
I reckon that it's not a Code 3 ... and due to the fact that it is protected by a 5 Amp MCB it is not a Code 1 ... therefore I am tempted to label it a Code 2 ... any thoughts or guidance would be very much appreciated.
I have come across this recently when powering T.V. booster/splitters from light but because unit uses plug top PSU they have had to fit 13A skt .
I think if labelled with wording as to max load it could be a 4) as not possible to overload cable there is no real danger, just non-compliance, & it shows you have seen it!,
OR if unhappy about socket on lighting circuit altogether then it must be a
2) requiring rewiring to power circuit, I don't feel a 3) is right because theres nothing to investigate as you've already done that for them!
Not a cut & dried one this & I don't doubt others will have different ideas!
DIY how to tutorial projects and guides - Did you know we have a DIY Projects section? Well, if no, then we certainly do! Within this area of our site have literally hundreds of how-to guides and tutorials that cover a huge range of home improvement tasks. Each page also comes with pictures and a video to make completing those jobs even easier! | <urn:uuid:4c13353e-80f0-4d60-86b5-ad73a06b1c44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diydoctor.org.uk/forums/socket-on-lighting-circuit-t3265.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965917 | 363 | 1.875 | 2 |
The spring backyard of gardening doyenne Rosemary Alexander is an ideal instance of her ethos of marrying the sensible with the romantic.
The one acre backyard of Sandhill Farm Home is ready across the fairly Seventeenth-century farmhouse, and when Rosemary moved there in 2000, offered the right clean canvas.
‘After I first noticed the backyard at Sandhill, I noticed that the 2 totally different areas within the entrance backyard and the rear backyard had the potential of being was a number of totally different backyard rooms, every with its personal identification and planting,’ Rosemary remembers.
Under, you could find out how she reworked the backyard and be impressed so as to add a few of her designs to your individual English backyard concepts.
Rosemary Alexander has been inspiring and educating gardeners for almost 40 years by the famend The English Gardening Faculty.
The primary lady to be elected a Fellow of the Society of Backyard Designers, alongside her horticultural profession, Rosemary has developed her own residence gardens.
A hands-on gardener, she readily admits the laborious work and energy concerned when deciding the right way to plan a backyard.
With Sandhill Farm Home, she drew up a grid stemming from the home, and marked out totally different areas, every with their very own character however flowing collectively as an entire. The design got here first, adopted by concepts for plantings. ‘Strains go on paper however the planting plans are in my head,’ she explains.
Entering into the backyard by an arch within the perimeter beech hedge, which is an efficient selection for quick rising hedges, you encounter the wealthy tapestry of shrubs, herbaceous vegetation, bulbs and climbers inside a framework of clipped evergreens and topiary that characterizes the backyard.
A large gravel backyard path runs the size of the entrance backyard to a fairly bench, with a step down right into a woodland backyard and a sunny terrace by the home.
‘Spring might be probably the most thrilling time within the entrance woodland backyard beginning off with many various galanthus,’ explains Rosemary, which is becoming inspiration for anybody eager to know the right way to plant snowdrops.
The snowdrops ‘are adopted by three totally different kinds of hamamelis, then by different early spring scented flowering shrubs corresponding to Daphne bholua Jacqueline Postill and strange spring bulbs, together with the dwarf Iris histrioides Girl Beatrix Stanley.’
An knowledgeable in the right way to plant daffodil bulbs, she contains uncommon varieties corresponding to Narcissus ‘Pipit’.
Gravel paths wind by the woodland, which has the phantasm of house because of the intelligent design of raised mattress concepts and mounded contours, canopies of cherry bushes, and different deciduous bushes underplanted with uncommon and delightful vegetation.
Seats are positioned to absorb the atmospheric scene, and no house is wasted, with communities of woodland vegetation fastidiously chosen, and intertwining in a deceptively informal look.
Different notable vegetation embody sleek magnolias with long-lasting clear pink blooms, that are among the many greatest bushes for entrance yards, aromatic winter hazel, together with an array of underplanting from bergenias, hellebores, pulmonarias, hostas and Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’. It’s a lesson in the right way to plant a flower mattress.
A shrub that stands out for a lot of the 12 months – and among the finest winter vegetation for pots and borders – is Cornus sanguinea ‘Midwinter Fireplace’.
‘We reduce the leafy stems to about half their peak in early Could, which permits their leafless pink stems to gentle up the entrance backyard for the following 12 months. Underplanted with snowdrops for early within the 12 months these are adopted by the copper coloured fern Dryopteris erythrosora, and for later within the 12 months the purple flowered Liriope muscari,’ Rosemary explains.
The broad path ushering guests to the terrace and the entrance door is punctuated by neatly clipped beneficiant evergreen field balls, and a inexperienced and white themed border, which is an concept to encourage when you’re contemplating backyard coloration schemes.
The planting within the entrance space must look good for guests all of the 12 months spherical, so contains numerous entrance backyard concepts. ‘We use a heavy mulch in January, which units off the topiarised structural shrubs – Phillyrea angustifolia and Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’ – that are backed up by a serpentine clipped low buxus hedge and clipped buxus balls,’ Rosemary explains.
‘Hellebores do properly beneath the topiarised shrubs on this gentle shade and supply a spring backdrop for the white Narcissi triandrus ’Thalia’ and Tulipa ‘Spring Inexperienced’, which we high up yearly,’ Rosemary says.
Within the again backyard, which is stuffed with north-facing backyard concepts, the design features a vary of areas, together with a kitchen backyard, eating terrace, borders and a garden space.
‘The sunny and open again backyard comes into its personal in the summertime, so in spring we focus on the double borders on either side of the primary path, utilizing a number of hundred lily flowering tulip bulbs for influence, together with ‘Ballerina’ and ‘Merlot’,’ says Rosemary.
Within the rear backyard she makes use of strategically positioned pots for on-going spring coloration. ‘This means we are able to change them in accordance with trend and whim,’ says Rosemary.
Total curiosity flows from season to season and continues to be tweaked, with new plans at all times on the go.
Rosemary’s vitality and enthusiasm appears boundless, her pleasure in vegetation contagious, and he or she continues to place into follow what she teaches, inspiring guests and college students alike. | <urn:uuid:0fb68af8-41a7-4f90-a0f1-672b95361720> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailyhomeideas.com/tour-this-famed-backyard-designers-english-spring-backyard.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.935653 | 1,290 | 1.8125 | 2 |
NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!
Negotiations over the global food crisis made progress Wednesday as a preliminary agreement was reached between Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the United Nations on opening three trade ports in the Black Sea.
“In a world darkened by global crisis, today at last we have a ray of hope,” U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres told reporters in New York. “Today is an important and substantive step, a step on the way to a comprehensive agreement.”
The announcement comes after weeks of negotiation, facilitated by Turkey and in coordination with the UN in an urgent effort to get shipping lanes reopened in the Black Sea as the threat of a global food crisis mounts.
Ukraine, one of the world’s leading exporters in grains and cooking oil, has warned for months that it has millions of tons of grain holed up in storage facilities that have been unable to be exported because of Russia’s naval blockade.
But Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar said Wednesday that a breakthrough had been reached in the agreements and a coordination center would be established in Turkey that will oversee the comings and goings of merchant vessels.
Officials from Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the U.N. will be involved in the coordinating efforts, the minister said.
According to the preliminary plan, Russia would agree to a cease-fire to allow three Ukrainian ports to be opened in the Black Sea to allow for safe passage, first reported by the Wall Street Journal.
The merchant ships would be escorted by Ukrainian naval vessels which would sweep the waters for explosive mines – a precaution made necessary after roughly 400 mines were launched in the Black Sea by Russian forces earlier this year, though Moscow has also accused Kyiv of launching its own mines.
The Turkish navy would then inspect all ships headed for Ukraine to ensure no arms were being smuggled in.
The U.N. will oversee a command and control center in Istanbul to monitor the security situation as Russia’s war continues to rage.
Guterres cautioned that “more technical work will now be needed” to reach a final agreement but added that “the momentum is clear.”
“I’m encouraged. I’m optimistic, but it’s not yet fully done,” he added.
The final hurdle will come in the form of obtaining the go-ahead from Russian President Vladimir Putin who will need to sign off on the agreement.
Officials believe Putin could give his stamp of approval next week when he is set to travel to Iran and will meet with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, reported the Wall Street Journal.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy praised the plan and said in his nightly address, “If they succeed in removing the Russian threat to shipping in the Black Sea, it will reduce the severity of the global food crisis.”
“We will agree on the details with the U.N. Secretary-General in the coming days,” he added.
The Associated Press contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:52706f52-adfc-4668-9d88-70239b5d8a7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://readsector.com/preliminary-agreement-reached-between-russia-ukraine-on-food-exports-3-ports-opened/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961493 | 641 | 1.875 | 2 |
by Elisabeth Sheff
Recently I wrote a couple of blogs on Psychology Today about factors that can either discourage (https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-polyamorists-next-door/201609/protective-features-curb-abuse-in-polyamorous-relationships ) or encourage (https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-polyamorists-next-door/201609/adverse-features-contribute-abuse-in-polyamory ) abuse in polyamorous relationships. Before I published them I considered mentioning the link between polyamory and kink, and including a caveat about consensual power exchange possibly involving behaviors that might look like abuse but could be OK if the people had negotiated consensual power exchange. Eventually I decided that it was too complex for a caveat, and wrote the blogs with no reference to BDSM.
- Fear of Stigma
Like many sex and gender minorities, kinksters are afraid of being misunderstood or misinterpreted. This is especially true of the potential to mistake intimate partner violence (IPV) with consensual kinky sex – and they are not the same thing at all. IPV is not negotiated, there is no way for the person on the receiving end to stop it if they do not like it, and its intent is to terrorize and control. BDSM, in contrast, is (generally) negotiated, consensual, includes safety mechanisms for stopping a scene gone wrong, and intended to titillate and please. If the line between kink and abuse gets blurred, the person feeling abused may not feel safe to bring it to the attention of authorities or even friends if they fear being accused of complicity in their own abuse. People may also be reluctant to draw negative attention to a sensitive group that is already under attack from law enforcement and bigots.
- Abuse is Complex
Identifying abuse and distinguishing it from less egregious mistreatment or even callousness can be difficult. Abuse – especially psychological and emotional abuse – can be hidden, hard to spot, and delivered in such a manipulative way that the person on the receiving end sometimes does not recognize or label it as abuse. Because isolation is a hallmark of abuse, people who are being subjected to abuse often do not have emotional and/or practical resources to leave the situation, and community members might not notice an abusive situation that is kept hidden and isolated from community interactions. This difficulty in identifying and recognizing abuse makes it challenging for communities to address.
- Power Exchange is Complex
Each person’s kinky relationship is unique, and what would be horrible and abusive in one relationship is sexy and fun in another. Because there is no one size fits all for what is acceptable within a kinky context, it can be incredibly difficult to tell when it has crossed the line from consensual power exchange to become abusive. This can be especially challenging to untangle when people initially negotiated consent and then interactions devolve over time into abuse. Throw in dominance and submission, and what is erotic versus abusive can become extremely muddy.
- Lack of Centralized Community Authority
Even if someone is identified as an abuser, getting everyone to agree on that definition and take action within the decentralized and amorphous AltSex communities is much like herding cats. Who is authorized to label others as abusers, create, and enforce community sanctions? What if members of a community disagree about whether or not the relationship or incident in question was abusive? The notably individualistic and freedom loving AltSex communities do not lend themselves to developing a centralized authority structure with recognized officials, making it difficult to make and enforce rules community wide.
In my next blog in this series I examine what AltSex communities and organizations are doing to address abuse in their midst. | <urn:uuid:7edb9b41-ea68-448b-8459-b66e47b50714> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ncsfreedom.org/2016/10/28/guest-blog-four-reasons-why-it-is-so-difficult-to-identify-address-abuse-in-kink-altsex-communities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958374 | 771 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Whatever age you may be, regardless of what your body shape, you can come to be a fitness design. Also if you have an impairment you can be a fitness design. Being a fitness version is various from being a style design.
Being a fitness model is not regarding matching up to a stereotype. You might be pear designed, high or brief. It actually doesn’t matter. What issues is fitness and your attitude to your body.
If you have actually had to get rid of difficulties to accomplish a far better degree of fitness after that you make an also much better fitness model. There is no question of absolute criteria.
Fashion models tend to be unnaturally slim for their height. Many of them are unhealthily underweight. They established a requirement that is not a great one to adhere to. The image of the style model typically encourages young women and also girls that they need to diet plan obsessively in order to reduce weight. A fitness version ought to not go down that path.
Style versions appear like that due to the fact that they make the garments look better. If they have no contours the garments hang efficiently. They look like that due to their genetics. They are picked for their uncommon shape.
Yet being a fitness design has to do with accepting your real body shape not about selling clothes. If you wish to be a fitness model you must place difficult stereotypes out of your mind.
Regardless of whether you are a guy or a woman you must find out to approve your very own physique. Obviously fitness training will improve it yet it will certainly not make your legs longer. Set an example by declining the perfect of abnormal slimness.
Men have an additional incorrect body picture forced upon them. They are motivated to go with best abdominal muscles and also protruding biceps. However there is no need to look like a body contractor to be a fitness model. Several males have light frameworks and will never ever achieve the body building contractor appearance. Check out more resources about diy fat freezer via the link.
Unfortunately some guys are tempted to resort to man-made help such as steroids in body structure. This is extremely hazardous to their health and also is totally in contrast to the behavior of a genuine wellness version.
So the location to begin becoming a fitness version is by making a sensible analysis of your very own body form. If you want to be a fitness design as well as urge others to follow a healthy way of living you must be happy in your very own skin.
Your fitness program will certainly after that be directed towards enhancing your natural body shape not in the direction of achieving an unrealistic goal. You should establish on your own possible goals for improved cardio feature, resistance job and endurance.
There is no demand to exercise for longer than half a hr a day. Your entire life does not have to focus on training as a fitness design. You have to ask on your own fit for what? You are intending to be suitable for life. There is no factor being a fitness version if you do not have any life besides training. Bear in mind that there is life outside the gym.
As a fitness version you need to additionally take note of your diet plan. This does not indicate depriving yourself. It indicates consuming for maximum nourishment. After that your skin will certainly be clear, your hair shiny and also eyes bright. You will favorably glow with wellness. This is exactly how a fitness model should look.
There is no point having the ability to state that you are the perfect weight for your height if you look rinsed as well as ill. The means to avoid this is by eating appropriately. Make a cautious research study of your nutritional needs. Find out which foods have what vitamins, minerals as well as other nutrients. Food is about more than calories.
Consuming healthy food ought to not be an unpleasant service. A genuine health version should have a positive mindset to food. Eating a healthy diet is not implied to be a penalty.
Finally, a health and wellness design takes a favorable perspective to other individuals and motivates them to feel great regarding their very own bodies. We all need a helpful network of individuals around us to be healthy and balanced and a health design must establish the example in helping others to be healthy and balanced. | <urn:uuid:8f3149cc-7479-4ed3-8a0e-cc1004e52962> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.centersot.org/to-become-a-fitness-model/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969117 | 866 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Food allergies affect as many as 32 million Americans, including 6 million children.
To order your copy:
With a long history as an advocate for those with food allergies, and especially children, Elizabeth Hamilton-Guarino, contacted author/illustrator Sally Huss to see if she would consider doing a children’s book on the subject. The two were initally connected by a mutual connection, Joe Sperle. After researching the subject and understanding the need, Sally jumped in. Elizabeth provided the guidelines and offered significant points needed in such a book.
"When I was contacted by Elizabeth Hamilton-Guarino to consider doing a book for children on food allergies, I was totally ignorant of this disability and its emotional consequences, said Huss. She added, "Once I became informed, I could certainly understand the need for a special book on the subject. I created this, aiming to inform those children who do not have the condition, as well as to encourage a positive attitude in those kids who do. I am delighted at the result and hopefully this book will enlighten many kids, their parents, teachers and caregivers."
After the text was written, the two honed the details and the book was created. Elizabeth added her special expertise in the area of promotion by providing outstanding endorsements for the book.
"This may be the most important books that I’ve written. It will certainly educate kids who are unaware of food allergies and encourage them to be especially kind to kids with it. It will also inspire those kids who do have this condition to value themselves for the discipline that they must have in regards to food choices. Everyone learns something important with this book, said Huss."
The book is being well-received in the food allergy community.
“A Lesson for Every Child is well-written and engaging for children and families to learn more about the seriousness of food allergy and anaphylaxis and how to safely manage, said FAACT CEO and Founder, Eleanor Garrow-Holding,” “I love the illustrations, which make it fun to read and learn; they are so delightful and upbeat. FAACT is honored to have Elizabeth as a spokesperson and to be included in such a wonderful education resource for families.”
Lianne Mandelbaum, Founder of No Nut Traveler, said, ” This book is provides a simple road map as to how a teacher should explain what having a food allergy means in a way that stimulates both kindness empathy. This is a must read for parents, teachers and children alike.”
Hamilton-Guarino has life-threatening food allergies herself for over 24 years to peanuts, tree nuts, fish and shellfish. She is an author with Hay House of the book PERCOLATE – Let Your Best Self Filter Through and details much of her life with these allergies, including a near-death reaction she had while 6 months pregnant with their son Cam.
“I’m very honored to collaborate with Sally Huss on this very important book about food allergies. I hope our messages help children and families in our food allergy community thrive," Guarino continued, “Sally Huss has done an outstanding job using her gifts and talents for others’ well-being and has been a joy to work with. She has written so many amazing books and I’m honored this is part of all she does.”
Elizabeth co-founded Food Allergy Zone with food allergy advocate Brian Hom. Brian Hom’s ,18-year-old son, BJ Hom, died on a family vacation in 2008 after eating a dessert that contained traces of peanuts. The family was visiting a resort in Los Cabos, Mexico, to celebrate BJ’s 18th birthday and his graduation from high school. BJ did not have an epinephrine auto-injector with him because his doctors thought his symptoms would always be mild that they never prescribed auto-injectable epinephrine.
Hom said, ” The book will educate children and adults in a simple positive non-threatening way the affects of food allergies and how children can be supportive and empathetic to those with food allergies.”
Hamilton-Guarino has been a spokesperson for MedicAlert Foundation since 2006 and appeared on their magazine cover, which was mailed to more than one million members.
“This book is perfect for parents and children, alike. The book captures the importance of living positively with food allergies, how to safely manage an allergy as a young child and the significance of inclusion. We’re honored that MedicAlert has been included as part of a food allergy safety plan. Elizabeth and Sally have written a book that’s engaging and fun to read. “ – MedicAlert Foundation*. (*There was no financial remuneration to be mentioned or featured in this book nor in our endorsement. )
About the Book
Learning was everything to Mrs. Emerson. So when a new student was brought into her classroom, Mrs. Emerson was delighted because she learned that this young man knew something that everyone needed to know. She said that Jack was just like everyone else, except for one thing – he had food allergies. “Would you like to explain that to us, Jack?”
A bit hesitant, Jack began telling his classmates what it was like to have food allergies, what the dangers were, and what he had to do to protect himself, or even save himself if he had an allergic reaction. The students listened attentively and then applauded him when their teacher praised his courage. “Jack has faced a difficult situation and handled it. He is an example of someone who has tremendous self-discipline. Anyone who has that can do anything!”
Jack left school that day with a new spring in his step and a classroom full of new friends.
A Lesson for Every Child: Learning About Food Allergies was released on 3/12/2020 and quickly went to best-seller status on Amazon. This book is endorsed by Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Connection Team (FAACT), MedicAlert® Foundation, Elijah Alavi Foundation, The Love for Giovanni Foundation, No Nut Traveler, and Food Allergy Zone.
To order your copy:
About Sally Huss
Sally Huss has been an artist and writer all of her life. She attended Occidental College for three years before graduating from the University of Southern California with a degree in Fine Art. At the same time Sally was developing her artistic skills, she was developing her tennis skills, becoming a Wimbledon and US National Junior Champion, and eventually a Wimbledon semi-finalist in the Women’s Division in both singles and doubles.
It was on a tennis court in Beverly Hills that Sally met her match – Marv Huss. The two were married in Aspen, Colorado in 1976. Marv, a fine tennis player himself, had been the Director of National Advertising and Promotion for Hallmark Cards, and had created the original Hallmark card shops. The two combined their talents in business, tennis and art by first developing The Aspen Club, a luxury health spa and tennis club with eleven outdoor courts, two indoor courts, sixteen racquetball courts, two squash courts, a restaurant, bar, twelve spectacular condominiums, and 1,500 members. Sally became the first woman head tennis professional there and played a “Battle of the Sexes” against the infamous Bobby Riggs to promote the club’s opening.
Sally has written over 80 books with another 45 variations (multicultural and Spanish versions.) All may be found through her website and on Amazon. All of the books focus on social/emotional issues and are designed to uplift the lives of children everywhere. Presently Sally and Marv live in Colorado Springs. Visit: SallyHuss.com
About Elizabeth Hamilton-Guarino
Elizabeth is one of America's foremost personal and corporate personal development consultants, as well as, the CEO of Compliance4 and the CEO and Founder of Best Ever You. Additionally, Elizabeth is the best-selling author of PERCOLATE - Let Your Best Self Filter Through (Hay House Publishing) and The Pinky Doodle Bug series (Waldorf Publishing).
For over 20 years, Elizabeth Hamilton-Guarino has been an advocate for food allergy awareness and is a spokesperson for the MedicAlert Foundation and FAACT (Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Connection Team) and is the co-founder of Food Allergy Zone with Brian Hom. Living with life-threatening allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, fish and shellfish for over 24 years, Elizabeth knows the risks and challenges of this condition personally and the need for greater awareness of food allergies worldwide.
Elizabeth is an honors graduate of St. Ambrose University and currently attends Harvard Business School for Leadership. Visit ElizabethGuarino.com | <urn:uuid:848839f2-e8ae-489f-8eae-29cbbc57f654> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foodallergyzone.com/post/a-lesson-for-every-child-learning-about-food-allergies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971557 | 1,849 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The Lovibond® DI 10 Incubator is designed for the reliable incubation of bacteriological slides, on-site, in a laboratory or even while mobile in a car or van.
National and European guidelines give practical advice on how to monitor, clean, test and ultimately control harmful legionella bacteria in water systems.
Dipslides provide a crucial part in the testing program, but must be used correctly and regularly as part of a planned regime, week on week to be of any meaningful value.
The incubation period and the incubation temperature should be the same each time the test is performed so that bacteria growth is controlled and consistent each time the test is performed. This allows for week by week comparisons to be made and high counts easier to identify. Dipslides are usually incubated at 30 ̊C for 48 hours, but this can vary depending upon the specific application.
The Lovibond® DI 10 Incubator, when used in conjunction with dipslides, enables effective microbiological monitoring of cooling water in accordance with the many European guidelines. | <urn:uuid:c00b97a6-0c0d-486e-a848-1911a5876406> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lovibond.com/usa-en/PW/Water-Testing/Products/Microbiology/DI-10-Dipslide-Incubator | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.913481 | 221 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is characterised by an extreme avoidance of everyday demands and an anxiety-driven need to be in control. PDA is recognised as a sub-type of autism by the National Autistic Society and is sometimes known as Extreme Demand Avoidance.
The main symptom of PDA involves obsessive resistance of demands. This can include:
- giving excuses
- distracting or changing the topic of conversation
- negotiating or needing to have the last word
- bombarding with repetitive questions or noises
- withdrawing into fantasy world
- complaining of physical impairment - 'my legs won't work'
- panic-driven physical outbursts or meltdowns. | <urn:uuid:74f7fb26-efba-4e93-9baa-a65a5c023b26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abbey.surrey.sch.uk/1891/pda | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931175 | 145 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Daily Office Readings forFriday of Proper 13 Year 1
“Nathan said to David, ‘You are the man!” (2 Samuel 12:7)
When Nathan tells King David about the rich man who would not slaughter one of his own live stock (of which he had thousands) to feed his guest but took the precious lamb of a poor man who loved his animal as his child, David was furious. Then Nathan explains that it was metaphorical, and that he (David) was the person who, although he had many wives, took Uriah’s only wife, Bathsheba, and more than that, had Uriah killed. (2 Samuel 11) Nathan tells David, “You are the man!” I think David might have needed a moment. David lamented that he did not discipline himself, he did not respect Uriah or Bathsheba, he did not act with integrity, he didn’t seek God’s counsel and he did not give himself time to ponder about what he was doing or about to do.
I have heard stories about me many times. Most of them used my name and were flattering. However I do remember one person telling a story about a seminary student who had a lapse in judgment without using a name and the details sounded very familiar. I was the man!
Nathan’s story about David’s misdeed was spot on and by not using David’s name (or any name) he caused David to be objective, so objective in fact that as the king with absolute power, he wanted to correct the action as soon as possible. He was not able to see the parallel between himself and the man with many sheep.
We are people of stories. Can you make up a fictitious story about a real incident by changing the names of some of the players and details but making it just as serious? I ponder sometimes what skill I might have in telling about a real experience in my life, altering it enough so as to not give away identities but at the same time make it plausible enough to cause people to have an opinion about what happened.
Jesus used metaphor in many of his parables. They were, and are, great teaching tools. It may be easier to start this exercise by retelling a good story where the protagonist (you) are doing something good. But later let’s take something less flattering and change out your name and tell the story to a friend that does not know the experience and cannot associate it with you. What is your friend’s reaction? If it is condemning, remember, “You are the man.”
Nathan was really good at telling his story about David. We may have to work a bit harder. But I think if we want good stories about ourselves we must act them out first. Our lives are real stories. We are on the world stage. God is watching. Act in honest ways with integrity. I use DRIPP as my guide for decision making. It’s “drip” but with two (p)s. It is for Discipline, Respect, Integrity, Prayer and Patience. All that David lacked. If you apply this DRIPP in your life you will be happy to hear your story being told, and take great pride in knowing that, “You are the man or woman.”
Let us ponder anew what the Almighty can do. John+ | <urn:uuid:99268633-bdbd-4702-885c-ea32d8a74139> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onewhoponders.blog/2019/08/09/pondering-for-friday-august-9-2019/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.98614 | 709 | 2.953125 | 3 |
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This came in on Saturday.
Dear Fellow Dog Lover,
Pet Supplies Plus is recalling pig ears dog treats in 33 states because they may be contaminated with Salmonella bacteria.
To learn more including which states are included in the recall, please visit the following link: Pet Supplies Plus Recalls Pig Ears Dog Treats in 33 States
That link is the following.
Pet Supplies Plus Recalls Pig Ears Dog Treats in 33 States
July 5, 2019 — Pet Supplies Plus is recalling bulk pig ears supplied to over 400 retail stores in 33 states due to potential Salmonella contamination.
Bulk pig ears were distributed to Pet Supplies Plus stores in Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin and West Virginia.
The Pet Supplies Plus recall may or may not be related to another developing story.
On July 3, 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the Agency is investigating contaminated pig ear dog treats that may be connected to human Salmonella infections that have sickened 45 people in 13 states.
Twelve patients are hospitalized.
In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is investigating a multistate outbreak of drug-resistant Salmonella infections linked to contact with pig ear treats.
None of the 45 cases are confirmed to be a result of purchasing pig ears from Pet Supplies Plus, according to the company.
The investigation is ongoing. The Dog Food Advisor continues to monitor this developing story.
Bulk pig ear dog treats were stocked in open bins. Prepackaged branded pig ears are not included in this recall.
Because the bulk pig ear dog treats were sold in open bins, the company provided the following image of the related in-store sign.
Salmonella can affect animals eating the products and there is risk to humans from handling contaminated pet products, especially if they have not thoroughly washed their hands after having contact with the products or any surfaces exposed to these products.
Individuals infected with Salmonella should monitor for some, or all, of the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping and fever.
Rarely, Salmonella can result in more serious ailments, including arterial infections, endocarditis, arthritis, muscle pain, eye irritation, and urinary tract symptoms.
Consumers exhibiting these signs after having contact with this product should contact their healthcare providers.
Pets with Salmonella infections may be lethargic and have diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, fever, and vomiting.
Some pets will have only decreased appetite, fever and abdominal pain.
Infected but otherwise healthy pets can be carriers and infect other animals or humans. If your pet has consumed the recalled product and has these symptoms, please contact your veterinarian.
What Caused the Recall?
Testing by the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development revealed that aging bulk pig ear product in one of Pet Supplies Plus stores tested positive for Salmonella.
The company has removed bulk pig ear product from the shelves at all its stores and has stopped shipping bulk pig ears from its Distribution Center.
PSP is working with the FDA as they continue their investigation into what caused the reported Salmonella outbreak.
What to Do?
Consumers who have purchased bulk pig ears should discontinue use of the product and discard it.
Consumers who have further questions are welcome to contact Pet Supplies Plus Neighbor Service team at 734-793-6564 between Monday and Friday 9 am to 4 pm ET (excluding holidays).
U.S. citizens can report complaints about FDA-regulated pet food products by calling the consumer complaint coordinator in your area.
Or go to https://www.fda.gov/petfoodcomplaints.
Canadians can report any health or safety incidents related to the use of this product by filling out the Consumer Product Incident Report Form.
Get Dog Food Recall Alerts by Email
Share this amongst your dog owner friends. | <urn:uuid:224f2b81-e5c1-4ca2-b394-4f95e877a892> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://learningfromdogs.com/2019/07/08/new-dog-food-alert/?like_comment=439824&_wpnonce=21ab262e67 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.9265 | 900 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Homeopathy: Healing Inherited Trauma
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A free 20 minute call for you to find out how homeopathy could help you, and what to expect from working with me.
How much do you know about your parents and grandparents, and their life experiences? If you visit a homeopath, you will be asked to find out. Because what the field of epigenetics is just discovering, has long been known to homeopaths: That the experiences of our forebears can affect our physical and mental health, generations later. Epigenetics is the science of how experiences (specifically infectious diseases, environmental chemical exposures, diet, trauma, and stresses) can cause genes to be switched on or off in us, and in our descendants. The genes themselves are not changed, just whether they are active or not. One example is a behavioural epigenetic study, which found that mice made to associate the smell of cherry blossom with pain, passed that association down to their grandchildren, who themselves had not had the original trauma. This, of course, leads to all sorts of implications for human behaviour and experience. A recent study found that the descendants of Holocaust survivors have a hormonal profile, which predisposes them to anxiety disorders. The good news though, in terms of healing inherited trauma, is that the switching can be reversed, among other things, by homeopathy.
Homeopathy & Epigenetics
In 1828, in his search for the fundamental cause of chronic disease, Hahnemann, the founder of Homeopathy, concluded that certain infectious diseases in the ancestral line can influence descendants. These ancestral diseases affect the temperament and physical characteristics of descendants, as well as predispose them to certain illnesses. Only by treating the underlying inherited tendency, he suggested, could a person return to full health. Twelve years of research later, he had discovered three types of inheritable tendencies underlying chronic disease – Psoric, Gonorrheic, and Syphilitic. These days most homeopaths work with five, having added Tuberculinic and Autoimmune.
For example, the descendant whose ancestor had Tuberculosis may be susceptible to coughs, asthma, eczema, and allergies like hayfever. Unfulfilled adventurers, Tuberculinic descendants are often highly creative, restless and easily bored. They hate to be tied down, loving to travel, and tending to frequently change job or relationship. Tuberculinic children are often hyperactive, many being diagnosed with ADHD. As teenagers, they can be extremely wild and rebellious. And if they are punished or suppressed, they may move into the Autoimmune tendency.
Healing Inherited Trauma with Homeopathy
Other triggers of the Autoimmune tendency besides ancestral auto-immune disease, are domination, suppression, abuse, trauma and extreme or repeated grief. These were all part of the experience of those who went through the Holocaust. I have treated a number of people whose parents or grandparents survived the camps. And I see in them homeopathic miasm theory/epigenetics writ large. One woman – the granddaughter of a camp survivor – came to me with anxiety, insomnia, and digestive issues. In addition, her paternal grandmother had died of cancer. Double whammy: She was inheriting the Autoimmune weakness from both lines. And indeed, she exhibited the typical Autoimmune temperament: Perfectionist and driven, she often overworked, feeling anxious and overwhelmed; she tended to ignore her own needs to please others, finding it very difficult to say no. She also had the telltale physical sign you see in some of those with the Autoimmune predisposition – she’d had Glandular Fever (Mononucleosis). Within three months of starting homeopathic treatment, not only had her anxiety, insomnia and digestive issues all receded, but she was starting to stand up to her boss and her friends, whom she had previously allowed to take advantage of her.
We keep hearing of an increasing number of illnesses and syndromes, that are found to have a genetic component, such as alcoholism, obesity, and breast cancer. The discovery of the BRCA gene in particular, and its link to breast cancer, has led some women – most famously Angelina Jolie – to ‘preventatively’ remove their breasts. However, according to homeopathic philosophy, an inherited tendency can be dormant, active, or exposed. Only the latter is where the actual disease is present. And this idea seems to fit with the epigenetic discovery of switches, that can turn a gene on or off. So maybe, if epigeneticists and homeopaths are to be believed, carrying a gene for something does not necessarily condemn us to contract the disease or syndrome in question. The answer lies in ensuring the expression of that gene is made dormant. And homeopathy is one way of doing that.
The Brain: The Switches that can turn Mental Illness on and off, Discover Science for the Curious, June 2010
Grandma’s Experiences Leave a Mark on your Genes, Discover Science for the Curious, May 2013
Development of Miasmic Theory, National Centre for Homeopathy
Descendants of Holocaust Survivors have altered Stress Hormones, Scientific American, February 2015
Fearful Memories Haunt Mouse Descendants, Nature International Weekly Journal of Science, December 2013
Images courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Free Discovery Call
A free 20 minute call for you to find out how homeopathy could help you,
and what to expect from working with me. | <urn:uuid:5fb49a18-a896-476e-bbb6-9c7da7684333> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thrivehomeopathy.com/homeopathy-healing-inherited-trauma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955657 | 1,135 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Help us to Save the Sea this World Oceans Day
This World Ocean's Day we are very happy to be donating 50% of the sale price across all our Legends of the Sea designs sold on the Forivor website to the Environmental Justice Foundation's (EJF) Oceans campaign. The campaign will run from June 8th until midnight June 11th GMT.
This June you can help us to support EJF's crucial work to protect the ocean, end illegal fishing and stamp out the human rights abuses driven by this illicit activity. By buying a Legends of the Sea design both you and your children can learn more about marine wildlife and in doing so help EJF to protect the millions of people that depend on our ocean and for the magnificent and varied wildlife that call it home.
It was while I (Rebecca) was working at the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) , that I had the idea for Forivor. Their work to bring international attention to the appalling environmental and human rights abuses within international supply chains, like in the cotton and fishing industries, inspired me to think of ways to increase the share of sustainable organic cotton. After realising there was a huge shortage of interesting organic bedding available I had an idea for bedding that could nurture a child's innate love of nature and inspire them to be ambassadors of the planet as they grow up.
Although the cotton industry was my primary interest when I started working at EJF, I also became fascinated with the inequality of other global supply chains and the impact that they have on local communities. For example, EJF's work in Sierra Leone and West Africa demonstrates how if fishing trawlers act illegally by operating in areas that are protected or reserved for local fishermen, the local population are left without fish for food or for their livelihoods, plunging already poor communities further into poverty. Whilst working with EJF, I was fortunate to have visited Sierra Leone and their first community project which began with one small boat and one fisherman. This incredible project empowers those most at risk of illegal fishing to expose and combat damaging practices and fight back at the companies that put legitimate fishers at a disadvantage and steal food from the mouths of the world’s poorest.
From that first small community project in Sierra Leone, EJF has now developed a highly effective Fisheries Information Network (FIN) which has expanded across West Africa, the Horn of Africa and South East Asia. The network connects local activists and small-scale fishing communities with EJF's remote, satellite monitoring technologies to identify and document potential illegal fishing practices.
To date, the information gathered by local communities has led to scores of official investigations, the delisting of illegal vessels, criminal proceedings and millions of dollars of fines levied on, ship owners and key legal reforms in countries whose vessels have been involved in illegal fishing.
Since my time working at EJF, their Oceans campaign has expanded to include far reaching work to protect our ocean habitats, marine wildlife and the people that depend on them. To find out more about their highly effective and crucial work you can visit their website here and don't forget to buy something from our Legends of the Sea collection where 50% of the sale price will be given to EJF from 8th June 2021 to midnight on 11th June 2021 (GMT). Orders sent to the European Union will have 50% of sale price donated after taxes donated to EJF.
In a side note, my colleagues from my time working in a very small team at EJF remain some of my closest friends and Eleanor Church (Larkrise Pictures) who takes many of our beautiful photographs for us was filmmaker at EJF when I worked there. Myself and Eleanor went on to have children at the same time and the two R's (Remie and Rosa) have been part of many Forivor photoshoots together alongside all the newer siblings! | <urn:uuid:f297e18f-dd09-4502-8aa9-600029bd713e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forivor.com/blogs/news/help-us-to-save-the-sea-this-world-oceans-day | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.964256 | 798 | 2 | 2 |
Book Bridge is a web-based program designed to give students access to grade appropriate literature. It includes reading, writing, comprehension and vocabulary development activities for a variety of texts. In this session, participants will learn how to easily access Book Bridge within Boardmaker Online and implement Book Bridge with their students.
Please note, this is a recorded session:
If you have a question, please use the comments section below.
A certificate of attendance is not available for this session. | <urn:uuid:37901091-8b49-479c-9ed0-046adb2769d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tobiidynavox-2.wistia.com/medias/kxyagvmoo9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.929708 | 101 | 2.53125 | 3 |
This is a list of some of the best and hot blogging topics that can make your blog go viral. It is quite helpful to new bloggers in search of a favorite niche on which to base a blog, but you need to remember that these are already very well-covered topics.
This means your blog's content must be unique and of high quality to stand out. These are pretty broad fields for writing about so you have a lot of material to work with which is a good thing. You can also find more specific blogging ideas if you dig the internet sphere
Hot Blogging Topics for Beginners
Here are some of the best hot blogging topics to consider when starting a blog:
1) Love and Relationships
This might be the hottest blogging topic of all, and it is likely that it will never fade from the public's interest. That's understandable. Absolutely everyone can relate to relationships, whether with family or friends because almost everyone encounters relationships on a daily basis. In particular, the subjects of love and marital relations usually do well.
This area of expertise does not really require true expertise. Just about anyone can write about movies, TV, and comics. All it really requires is that you have a fairly good handle on things happening in Hollywood and other entertainment arenas elsewhere and have the skills to write interesting, readable articles about film and the artists behind the craft.
Some parents seriously do not know how to raise their children. They are unsure what is best for a young boy or girl. So parenting blogs can be a treasure trove of genuine lessons and valuable advice. If you're a stay-at-home parent watching the kids most of the time, that qualifies you as an expert. You are already a pro parenting blogger, and you didn't even know it!
Mass communications and the media have skyrocketed in the past two decades. The Internet has expanded significantly as has the number of people able to work from the comfort of home. Video making, photography, and writing have become more profitable elements of the media market, and as a result, there are constantly many new forms of video, audio, photo, and word editing software being created and sold each year.
With this a slight issue has arisen: many of the potential users do not have the time or know-how to easily navigate the editing systems. The same goes for website programs and hands-on technology like computers, cameras, and such. There are certain functions that users may have difficulty figuring out.
People are always interested in informative tutorials that explain how to use something in layman's terms. Many sites are eager to publish articles or video DIY tutorials for topics such as the WordPress platform and the Adobe Premiere video editing program. If you feel you are experienced in something like that you might consider being a tutorial blogger or vlogger.
Again, with a topic like health as the basis for your blog you can't go wrong (so long as your information is correct). Health falls under an even broader field of common interest: wellness. Physical, spiritual, and mental well-being are all trending matters right now. Bodily health subtopics include working out and eating in a more healthful manner. This popularity has come about partly due to the rise in the obesity rate.
For young people and women, in particular, the latest fashion styles in clothing, shoes, jewelry, perfume, and make-up are always eye-catching. Similar to health, fashion revolves around a person's appearance. If you are a fashion enthusiast or even a designer, blogging about fashion could become quite profitable.
Travel is definitely one of the more exciting niches to write on because the writing does not involve as much research as other forms of blogging might. This is a niche for the adventurous, the daring, the type that strides out of the home and country in confidence. If you enjoy exploring, backpacking, bicycling, or horseback riding this could very well become a passion.
And if you took up writing in the time that you were not busy traveling you could make a living out of it. Quality travel writing and photography are in high demand at the moment. Descriptive sensory writing and high-resolution photography go hand in hand in creating the perfect travel article.
8) Home Decor
Home decorating is an art, but it is also meant to be a fun pastime. If you are the creative-crafty type who enjoys doing stuff around the house and artistically beautifying your indoor or outdoor living space then I suggest you give this a try. Additional skills that will be helpful to have is being handy with a camera or phone camera and being able to write in a simple way that expresses how to go about creating unique decorative displays.
There are, of course, many other subjects that make excellent hot topics to blog about. The options are almost limitless. If you didn't find the niche that suits you here, I encourage you to keep looking. And if you do that, you will certainly find it.
Your Turn… Hot Topics to Blog About
What are some of the best hot blogging niches you know? Please let us know in the comments section. | <urn:uuid:6154c0ed-2fba-4f63-950b-a71b6387f71a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thepennymatters.com/hot-blogging-topics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959275 | 1,071 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Bullying vs. Harassment in the Workplace: What’s the Difference?
In Sanders vs. Madison Square Garden1 a jury awarded Ms. Anucha Browne Sanders, a former executive for the NBA’s New York Knicks, $11.6 million dollars in punitive damages after alleging sexual harassment and discrimination against the New York Knicks General Manager and Madison Square Garden. Testimony revealed that Sanders was constantly cursed at by some of her employers and was the target of unwanted touching and solicitations for intercourse in the workplace. Distinguishing between harassment and bullying in the workplace may not always be easy. This post will address the differences between bullying and harassment and the potential consequences to organizations if these issues are not addressed in the workplace.
Bullying is the presence of repeated undesired aggression that causes mental or physical damage to the person in question. This form of abuse is normally accompanied by a mutually acknowledged imbalance of perceived power. The aggressor bullies at will and the victim does not believe that he or she can do anything to prevent the harm. There are three factors that must be present for the conduct in question to be properly labeled as bullying.
First, the actions must be repetitive. Bullying cannot occur on merely one occasion; there must be a demonstrated pattern of abuse over a substantial period of time. Everyone may have a bad day every now and then, but bullies will abuse their victims for several months, or even years.
Second, the victim must experience either psychological or physical harm because of the bully’s actions. Witnesses of bullying may also be damaged, either emotionally or physically, because of the conduct.
Third, there will be a presence of psychological power over the victim. The aggression, if left unchecked, will grow over time. The victim will feel powerless and likely give in to the abuse.
Bullying may take on several different forms in the workplace.
First, bullying can look like aggressive communication. It may involve yelling, insults, malicious communication through emails or texts, or physically invading another individual’s personal space.
The second type of bullying takes the form of shaming, either through humiliation, slander, gossip, or even improper pranks.
The third type of workplace bullying is an inappropriate distribution or treatment of work assignments. This could involve misplacing essential elements of the victim’s work, assigning an overly burdensome amount of work, or imposing unrealistic deadlines.
Harassment, on the other hand, involves unwanted treatment that impedes the victim’s ability to work. This treatment must be severe and pervasive. Harassment is based on a protected class under state or federal law such as race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or another characteristic protected by law.
Sexual harassment is one category of harassment and it involves unwanted solicitations of a sexual nature.
According to state and federal laws, harassment is illegal. Victims of bullying, however, do not have the same legal protections under U.S. federal and state laws.
Regardless of legal prohibitions or lack thereof, employers are encouraged to take workplace bullying seriously. It is the employer’s responsibility to ensure a safe working environment and the consequences for failing to do so could cost the organization in more ways than one. Organizations who do not address workplace bullying could be liable for the victim’s injuries, negligence in both hiring and retaining employees, or failure to provide proper duty of care.
Bullying and harassment in the workplace are both similar and different, but obviously, both are bad for individuals and for the organization. One approach to prevention is to have policies that express the organization’s cultural values. A religious organization can also express spiritual values on how people should be treated. Management should then make it clear to all that these values will be enforced. It’s imperative for employers to take seriously and remain proactive in addressing all allegations right away. Organization should consider consulting with legal counsel if they are unsure how to respond to a claim of bullying or harassment. In addition to limiting legal liability, it’s in everyone’s best interest to promote a safe working environment
1 525 F.Supp.2d 364 (2007).
Featured Image by Rebecca Sidebotham.
Because of the generality of the information on this site, it may not apply to a given place, time, or set of facts. It is not intended to be legal advice, and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations | <urn:uuid:6f7cab1c-5c86-410b-962c-1854b0134f32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teliosteaches.com/blog/bullying-vs-harassment-workplace-whats-difference | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.942816 | 926 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Vince Petreikis was proud when his young adult son left their New Orleans home to chase his dreams.
“He was a very creative individual, a very intelligent individual. He wanted to be Steven Spielberg — writer, producer, director. He went out to California,” the father recalls.
But soon, the reports coming back from his son were veering badly off script. There was a break-up with his girlfriend and he had trouble keeping a job. During one phone call he’d sound depressed, and almost manic during the next. Eventually he was hospitalized and diagnosed with bipolar disorder. His son started getting treatment. But Petreikis realized he needed help too.
“When this occurs in the family, it’s not just the individual having the illness, but the whole family is affected by that,” Petreikis says. “If you don’t have the answers, you go to a location that you can seek answers. And NAMI was that bright light at the end of the tunnel for me.”
NAMI is the National Alliance on Mental Illness, and the New Orleans affiliate is part of network of organizations across the country that support adults with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and other serious conditions. Critically, NAMI helps their families too.
“The biggest resource a person with mental illness has is their family,” says Lisa Romback, executive director of NAMI in New Orleans, which last year served about 1,000 individuals and 180 families. She says family members are instrumental in detecting signs of mental illness and helping their loved ones find help. But even for the most committed family, this can be a rough road. Treatment often entails a complex cocktail of medications – 6, 8, 10 different pills, taken several times a day — and they can carry serious side effects, like major weight gain. It can be hard to keep someone on track. And thanks to the social stigma that persists around mental illness, Romback says individuals and families may be dealing with an illness for years before seeking help.
“So by the time a family member gets to us, they have really been through the wringer,” she says. “They’ve been to hospitals, they’ve maybe helped their family member get out of jail. They are really worn out. And so what we try to provide is the support that they family needs to kind of stay the course.”
NAMI does this by connecting families to medical specialists, social workers and one-on-one counseling. The group has produced a comprehensive resource guide, with help from recognizing symptoms to understanding patients’ rights. And NAMI taps the power of families facing similar issues to help and learn from one another. There’s a 12-week education program, led by trained family caregivers, and ongoing support group meetings to share stories, ask questions and gather strength. For Petreikis this sort of help is making all the difference.
“You feel as though this is something unique that’s happening to you that you can not understand,” he says. “But when you are sitting with a group of individuals you realize that yes, I am not alone. Many people are experiencing the same situations that I am. To me they’re very traumatic, and the families are affected traumatically because of this. But you’re not alone.”
Written by Ian McNulty for the Community IMPACT Series and produced by WWNO in partnership with the Greater New Orleans Foundation. To learn more about NAMI New Orleans, click here.
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Nanodiamides synthesized synthetically from graphite at high pressure and high temperature are used for diagnosis and nano medicine. However, since pure nanodiamonds can not be used for this purpose, the crystal lattice must first be damaged in order to cause certain optical readability.
The first Nobel Prize is the winner. The scientists Alison and Hondo got it for the development of special cancer therapies.
Read the article
Irradiation of fast ions to nanodiamonds in particle accelerators is the most costly and ineffective because it causes the most damage but can not produce more material. A team of scientists announced a new method of irradiating the reactor.
They exploited the way in which atomized boron atoms in the reactor were decomposed in neutron radiation for light and fast flying ions of helium and lithium with the same effect of controlled crystal formation, such as the same ions produced by the accelerator.
However, since the shower is dense and can handle much more material in the reactor, it is cheaper to manufacture tens of grams of rare nanomaterials at more than a thousand times the radiation of the accelerator.
This year's prestigious grant was awarded to five young Czech scientists. It is the best result in 10 years.
Read the article
In addition, this method is successful in silicon carbide as well as in the production of nanodiamond lattices. According to scientists, it can be used universally on a large scale.
Nanomedicine is defined as the use of nanoscience and nanostructures to monitor, repair, configure and control human biological systems at the molecular level.
It is a developmental stage in molecular medicine and biotechnology. Nanotechnology typically processes objects 10 to 9 meters in nanometers. | <urn:uuid:c8383fb1-7e68-4416-b466-bbec30db65ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://issyu.com/czechrepublic/enamed-nanodiamond-is-helpful-in-treating-cancer-thanks-to-the-czech-scientists-their-production-is-cheap-iroquila/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941048 | 375 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Eastern Cape Public Works Youth Forum hosted a Career Exhibition event at the Community Church in Bhisho to equip young people with relevant information in order to make informed career choices and inform them about opportunities available within the department and other departments.
Relevant stakeholders who were part of the program included the Departments of Environmental Affairs & Tourism, Rural Development & Agrarian Reforms(DRDAR), Office of the Premier(OTP), National Youth Development Agency(NYDA), Council for the Built Environment (CBE), Lovedale College, Walter Sisulu University(WSU), Nelson Mandela University(NMU), University of Stellenbosch , Cape Peninsula University of Technology(UCT) and the University of Johannesburg (UJ) who had exhibition stalls and presented all available opportunities to prospective students.
“This gathering is to expose students on what opportunities the departments have and in return students will bring change and innovative ways of doing things to the department and grown the economy of South Africa” said Mbuyiseli Mpengu.
Sandile Booi from UJ encouraged students especially females to take part in the Built Environmental studies as it is dominated mostly by white people who are at 74% and the current statistics for black students is 24%.
Booi also emphasised to students that they must do pure Mathematics and Physical Science as are the main requirements for the Construction Sector.
Zonke Mayekiso from NYDA unpacked bursary opportunities that are available within the Youth Development Agency: the Mahlangu bursary opportunities for post graduates and Tusano fund. She encouraged the youth to study very hard so that they can be able to know themselves better and utilise their full potential.
Nandipha Ndundane-Toyota from DRDAR spoke about various institutions that offer agricultural studies in the Eastern Cape: Tsolo Agricultural College, Fort Cox College and a partnership with Fort Hare University. She encouraged youth to pursue studies that will give them better opportunities in life; she made an example of herself that she is now an animal doctor, a Veterinarian.
Nzwane Makawula from Office of the Premier shared the mandate with regards to bursaries that OTP no longer offered Bursaries but is making sure that all departments in the province offer bursaries accordingly.
Makawula discouraged students from incurring debt while they are unemployed. Out of the 30% Black youth employed more than 50% are indebted. He encouraged the students to study at their level best so that can stand a chance to be awarded bursaries offered by the OTP: The Premiers top achievers bursary he also emphasised on leaners to look for other funders like Sector Education and Training Authority (SETA).
A motivational talk was from the Chief Quantity Surveyor, Luvuyo Nkwentsha. “I encourage you not give up in life, in my high school experience I was never a brilliant learner but a hard worker. I want you today to be a better person my father encouraged me when I failed Grade 11”.
He also talked about the importance of principles in life that someone can consider into their destination. He made an example of Jet fuel, by saying “Youth should use their background as jet fuel to push themselves in higher level”.
Written by: Akhona Zondeka & Siyanda Nogantshi
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#DealershipsGivingBack: A little over a month on the job, the Kenosha Police Department’s newest canine has already been busy.
Iris, the Kenosha Police Department’s electronic-sniffing Labrador, takes a break at Lynch Chevrolet of Kenosha, the car dealership that helped provide a transport vehicle for Iris and her handler, Detective Pete Deates.
A little over a month on the job, the Kenosha Police Department’s newest canine has already been busy.
Iris, a 2-year-old English Labrador retriever, is trained as an electronics detecting K9, used by Detective Pete Deates to sniff out electronic evidence like cell phones and memory cards when investigators are conducting search warrants.
Deates, an investigator with the department’s Sensitive Crime Unit, also works with the national Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force, working on cases involving internet crimes against children, sex trafficking and possession of child pornography.
The detective received Iris as a partner through a grant from the from Operation Underground Railroad, a not-for-profit agency that works to combat child sex trafficking. The group has been funding the purchase and training of electronics detection dogs for law enforcement agencies around the country as a way to help police investigate crimes against children. The agency is covering the entire cost of Iris’ work with the department.
Since the dog joined KPD on March 15, Deates said, she has worked with police on seven search warrants in Kenosha, including three for Deates’ unit. In general search warrants, Deates said, she searches for cell phones and other electronic evidence that could be used by police as part of their investigations. He said Iris was helpful in finding evidence at each of the scenes. “She found SD cards that I’m not sure would have been found,” he said. | <urn:uuid:7e244efe-85ca-438b-97ce-5d9510cb3d64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dealerlifetoday.com/2021/04/29/lynch-chevrolet-provides-a-set-of-wheels-for-the-newest-kenosha-police-department-k9/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961432 | 388 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Falling is a common occurrence and a serious problem among the elderly population. A myriad of studies has found that the use of psychotropic drugs on older adult patients in nursing homes significantly increases the risk of falling. A recent study published by the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (JAMDA) examined the relationship between fall occurrence and the prescription of psychotropic drugs and various categories of psychotropic drugs, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines, among a representative nursing home population.
An estimated one-third of community-dwelling older adults experience a fall at least once per year. This number is even greater among nursing home patients, increasing to incidences as high as 2 falls per bed every year. Injuries from falls can have detrimental long-term consequences, such as bone fractures, soft tissue injuries, and head trauma. Moreover, the consequences that result from falls can take a major toll on the quality of life of an older adult. Fear of falling, diminished confidence, and functional disability could eventually result in the loss of independence.
It is well known that nursing homes often give their residents psychotropic drugs. This JAMDA study sought to assess the association between psychotropic drug use and falls occurring in the nursing home setting. The study also sought to quantify the degree to which each category of psychotropic drug (antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines) increased the risk of falls.
The study found that benzodiazepines were the most frequently prescribed psychotropic drug to nursing home patients. Antidepressants were second most prescribed and antipsychotics were third. A combination of 2 or 3 of the drug types were also commonly prescribed.
The study’s primary finding was consistent with previous studies among nursing home patients. Researchers found that benzodiazepines, antidepressants and antipsychotics were related to an increased risk of falling, and that the risk was higher for both scheduled prescriptions and prescriptions as-needed. The study also found that male residents had an 87% higher risk of falling than female residents. Researchers presume this is due to the fact that male residents are given psychotropic drugs more often.
A recent study that tested the balance of both young and older adult individuals after taking a hypnotic drug found that body sway (meaning, having less balance) was much more pronounced in the elderly subjects than in their younger counterparts. The results gave strong supporting evidence that psychotropic drugs can significantly impair balance and promote postural instability in older adults. Thus, the use of these drugs can greatly increase elderly patients’ risk of falls, hip fractures, and mortality.
One can argue that since these psychotropic drugs are commonly taken by elderly patients at night just before bed, its negative effects are relatively irrelevant. However, the reality is that most patients wake up at least once during the night to, for example, go to the bathroom. During instances like these, elderly patients may be especially vulnerable to falls due to the psychotropic drug’s disturbing effects on balance. An older adult could also happen to take the drug past normal bedtime hours, causing impairment to last until the next morning.
Nursing home and assisted living facility staff should take extreme precaution and administer psychotropic drugs to frail and vulnerable senior residents only when necessary. Older adult patients who are given these types of drugs can be placed at unnecessary risk of falls, hip fractures, and even death. If you or a loved one has experienced a fall or injury due to the inappropriate treatment by a long-term facility staff, contact us immediately for a free consultation. Prescribing psychotropic drugs to a senior who does not necessarily need them heightens the chance of an adverse event that results in an increased risk of mortality. This form of elder abuse is reprehensible and ultimately puts an older adult’s quality of life in jeopardy.
If you or someone you love has been a victim of abuse or neglect by nursing home or assisted living facility staff, such as those in Los Angeles or Manhattan Beach, California, contact the Law Offices of Ben Yeroushalmi today for a free consultation. | <urn:uuid:40646cd8-0537-483d-bc44-d8dfbabb34f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.californianursinghomeabuselawyer-blog.com/psychotropic-drugs-prescribed-inappropriately-nursing-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960678 | 833 | 2.6875 | 3 |
What Is a Replay Attack?
A replay attack occurs when a cybercriminal eavesdrops on a secure network communication, intercepts it, and then fraudulently delays or resends it to misdirect the receiver into doing what the hacker wants. The added danger of replay attacks is that a hacker doesn't even need advanced skills to decrypt a message after capturing it from the network. The attack could be successful simply by resending the whole thing.
How It Works
Consider this real-world example of an attack. A staff member at a company asks for a financial transfer by sending an encrypted message to the company's financial administrator. An attacker eavesdrops on this message, captures it, and is now in a position to resend it. Because it's an authentic message that has simply been resent, the message is already correctly encrypted and looks legitimate to the financial administrator.
In this scenario, the financial administrator is likely to respond to this new request unless he or she has a good reason to be suspicious. That response could include sending a large sum of money to the attacker's bank account.
Stopping a Replay Attack
Preventing such an attack is all about having the right method of encryption. Encrypted messages carry "keys" within them, and when they're decoded at the end of the transmission, they open the message. In a replay attack, it doesn't matter if the attacker who intercepted the original message can read or decipher the key. All he or she has to do is capture and resend the entire thing — message and key — together.
To counter this possibility, both sender and receiver should establish a completely random session key, which is a type of code that is only valid for one transaction and can't be used again.
Another preventative measure for this type of attack is using timestamps on all messages. This prevents hackers from resending messages sent longer ago than a certain length of time, thus reducing the window of opportunity for an attacker to eavesdrop, siphon off the message, and resend it.
Another method to avoid becoming a victim is to have a password for each transaction that's only used once and discarded. That ensures that even if the message is recorded and resent by an attacker, the encryption code has expired and no longer works. | <urn:uuid:4eac7ff4-9344-4c6a-9861-fc0d6753a498> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kaspersky.co.in/resource-center/definitions/replay-attack | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.948325 | 464 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The Mystical Arslan Tash Amulets: Protection From Night Demons
The culture of Phoenician civilization was one of the most inspiring and influential in the ancient world. Through maritime trade and over many centuries, the Phoenician writing script, their language, and their culture spread to many corners of Europe and the Near East. For archaeologists and history lovers, the diverse mythologies and beliefs of the Semitic civilizations of the Near East were always a big source of inspiration and knowledge. Excavations of the major ancient metropolises of that region resulted in the discovery of many marvelous artworks. But what about the artifacts that relate specifically to the lives and beliefs of everyday life in ancient societies? The unique and enigmatic Arslan Tash amulets certainly give us some insight into that. In the most general sense, the Arslan Tash amulets functioned as protection from the supernatural world, especially night demons!
The Origins of Arslan Tash, Long Buried By The Sands Of Time
The ancient town of Arslan Tash is located in modern day Syria in the northern Aleppo Governorate and close to the town of Ayn al-Arab (Kobanî). Arslan Tash was once the location of an important center known as Hadātu (meaning “New Town” in Aramaic). Once the center of an Aramean kingdom, the town was conquered by the Assyrians in the 9 th century BC. Hadātu was the home of several changing cultures and civilizations, and it steadily rose to prominence as an important city during the Assyrian period. It stood close to the ancient Hittite town of Masuwari (Til Barsip, modern Tell Ahmar), some 25 kilometers (15.5 miles) away, on the left bank of the Euphrates River . Hadātu enjoyed good relations with all the major cities of the region and southern parts of Anatolia. Today, this town is known as Arslan Tash.
The name Arslan Tash comes from the Turkish Arslan Taş, meaning “Stone Lion,” and refers to a monumental Assyrian lion sculpture that guarded the town’s ancient gateway. But the lion was not the only thing found at this ancient site. Since the first excavations in 1836, and then again in 1928, the site has produced many remarkable ancient artifacts, including the so-called Arslan Tash amulets .
The AT1 Arslan Tash amulet: A divine contract for household protection ( Slightly Alive Translations )
The Arslan Tash amulets were purchased in 1933, by Comte Robert du Mesnil du Buisson, a French historian and archaeologist. While visiting the site of ancient Hadātu, du Buisson was approached by a Syrian peasant, who offered to sell him a pair of tablets from the site. They were purchased for a very low price and it was quite likely that the peasant simply stole them from the site. Either way, du Buisson recognized their worth and made the purchase, nonetheless. He announced the discovery in 1937 at a meeting of the Societe Nationale des Antiquitaires de France . The detailed descriptions and research into the tablets were published soon after in 1939 in Melanges Syriens offerts a M. Rene Dussaud. Comte du Buisson made detailed photographs of both tablets, and also created cuts, drawings and casts. He also attempted to translate the inscriptions on the tablets.
The two inscribed limestone tablets were termed as AT1 and AT2 (for Arslan Tash), with only AT1 having writing on it. AT1 measures 8.5 by 7 centimeters (3.4 by 2.7 inches) and features a round hole in its top portion, indicating its role as an amulet to be worn on a string. On the obverse side is a crude relief of a winged beast with a lion’s body and a man’s head – a protective Sumerian being known as a Lama or Lamassu. This talismanic figure stands over a relief of a she wolf with a scorpion’s tail as it devours a human being.
This protective spirit known as a lamassu is a composite being with the head of a human, the body and ears of a bull, and the wings of a bird. (Trjames / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
On the reverse side of the AT1 tablet is a tall figure of a man – a marching god dressed in the short Assyrian tunic and a long cloak, brandishing an axe and wearing a characteristic late-Assyrian period turban with a lily.
Both sides of the tablet feature extensive inscriptions that – in relation to the imagery – have been determined to be a powerful incantation, making the tablet a protective talisman. The translation of the inscriptions revealed the nature of the incantation and what it was to protect the wearer from.
The Incantation Was A Powerful Spell For Home Protection
The writing on the tablet is in Aramaic script , itself a derivative of the ancient Phoenician alphabet. And it shows a distinct transition from the ancient Canaanite and Aramaic script in its more classic form to one that leans toward the cursive Aramaic characters. The language of the inscriptions on the other hand is Phoenician – but written in the Aramaic script. The text was subject to extensive research that spanned decades. Ultimately, it has provided remarkable insights into the region of that period. Although the language used is Phoenician, the text has several borrowed Aramaic words, and in a few places, it slips into Aramaic orthography and morphology. Scholars generally agree that this suggests the text was written by an Aramaic scribe.
The Phoenician alphabet, the world’s first written language. (DaneeShe / Adobe Stock )
The incantation itself is a powerful spell for home protection. It was written to protect the wearer from demons – in particular, demons of the night – who could not enter wherever the wearer of the amulet was. The whole inscription reveals an interesting belief and the wearer’s “alliance” with the cosmos itself, which it uses as a legitimate way to enforce the spell. The translation of the incantation on the reverse side is as follows.
“Incantations: O Fliers, goddesses,
O! Sasam son of Pidrišiša, god,
and O! Stranglers of Lambs,
The house I enter, ye shall not enter
And the court I tread, ye shall not tread.
The Eternal One has made a covenant with us,
Asherah has made a pact with us,
And all of the sons of El,
And the great of the council of all the Holy Ones,
With oaths of Heaven and Ancient Earth,
With the oaths of Baʿl, Lord of Earth,
With oaths of Ḥawrān whose word is true,
and his seven concubines,
And the eight wives of Baʿl Qudš”
Several interesting aspects can be observed from the first part of the inscription. First, we can understand its protective nature against demons of the night. They are here referred to as “fliers, stranglers of lambs” and are akin to the Lamashtu demons in Mesopotamian beliefs. The incantation invokes a deity known as Sasam. A lot of mystery surrounds this name, as it is a rarely invoked or mentioned deity. It is generally agreed that Sasam is a protective deity invoked to intervene in favor of humans. Some say that Sasam is a deity of non-Semitic origin known as Shashmai in Assyrian texts.
The goddess Asherah, a Canaanite (and generally Semitic) mother goddess and queen consort of El, God of creation, is also mentioned in the incantation text. Several sources incorrectly translate this word – originally ʿlm ʾšrt – to be the Assyrian deity Assur (Aššur). Most scholars agree that this interpretation is incorrect, as this deity does not fit well within a Phoenician incantation, especially not when connected with the god El and the other deities of the Canaanite pantheon.
Another unique deity mentioned here is Ḥawrān, known also as Horon. He is the deity of the underworld, a co-ruler of it, and the twin brother of Melqart, a major deity and the god of the city of Tyre in present-day Lebanon.
The Arslan Tash Amulets: Written To and Against Demons
The obverse side of the AT1 tablet has somewhat shorter writings, but nonetheless important ones. Here, the short spells and incantations are inscribed directly onto the lamassu protective spirit, as well as the demonic wolf.
O Fliers, from the dark room pass away!
Now! Now! Night demons.
From my house, O crushers, go forth!
As for Sasam, let it not be opened to him,
And let him not come down to my door posts.
The Sun rises, O Sasam:
Disappear, and fly away home.
From the entirety of this text we can understand that the text is addressed to and against demons. They are referred to as “divine fliers” and “lamb stranglers.” Focusing on the original Phoenician word for “fliers,” scholars generally agree this a reference to “ Lilits,” the notorious night demons mentioned in numerous magical texts. Lilītu are female demons from the ancient Mesopotamian religion, and often mentioned in texts from Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria, etc.
Protective spells on an ancient Jewish occult incantation bowl from the Sassanid Empire . These bowls were buried upside down below the structure of the house or on the land of the house to trap demons. The center of the inside of the bowl depicts Lilith, or the male form, Lilit. Surrounding the image is a spiral form incantation inscribed in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, Syriac, Mandaic, Middle Persian, and Arabic. (Marie-Lan Nguyen (2011) / CC BY-SA 2.5 )
The word denoting “stranglers” is almost equal to the Ugaritic word for their two strangler goddesses – which connects perfectly with the translation and the nature of the incantation.
On the whole, the spell is aimed to protect the wearer from these beings, and to forbid them from entering his or her household. It states that the enchanter is in league with El and Asherah themselves and protected by the oaths of Heaven and Earth. The wearer is further protected by Baal – who here bears an older, Ugaritic epithet “Lord of the Earth” – and the god Ḥawrān and his wives, denizens of the underworld.
One of the famous ivories of Arslan Tash depicting a cow suckling its calf, a spoil of war taken from the palaces of the Aramaic and Phoenician princes during the conquests of the Assyrian rulers. This popular ancient theme is interpreted as a form of divine symbolism. (Claude Valette / CC BY-SA 2.0 )
The spell demands that these demons of the night depart from the wearer’s household or not venture beyond the threshold, or the door entrance. This again reveals an interesting belief and the importance of the threshold in ancient civilizations. The threshold was an important part of the house, imbued with ritualistic significance. It was believed that such powerful incantations and magical spells would not allow evil spirits to cross the threshold and enter a home.
The inscriptions were heavily researched and from a linguistic perspective they provided a wealth of unique information – especially in regard to the Semitic languages of the ancient world. The orthography of the entire text is standard Phoenician, that is, there are no final vowel letters, which is characteristic of this language. But interestingly, the text has several “Aramaisms” such as the word pt (fliers), the word llyn (Aramaic plural of Lilit), as well as the qudš epithet. Furthermore, several Phoenician word spellings suggest Aramaic usage, and the unique spelling of the god Ḥawrān may be Aramaic or South Canaanite.
An Almost Baffling Mixture Of Dialects And Scripts
What does this tell us? Since the language used is Phoenician but with many Aramaic touches, it is supposed that the inscription was the work of an Aramaic scribe for a Phoenician household. Now, the Arslan Tash amulets have been subject to much debate and many think they are fakes. Several leading scholars argue against this. To have created this text in the 1930s would have been virtually impossible due to the complexity of the text, and the fact that it features Aramaic orthography in a Phoenician text.
The Aramaic alphabet (drutska / Adobe Stock )
Were the Arslan Tash amulets meant to be worn around the neck? Leading scholars suggest that this was not the case. The tablets are somewhat bulky to be worn as a regular necklace. If we connect the dots and the nature of the incantation, it becomes pretty obvious that this protective talisman for the home was meant to be hung over the doorway, a place of ritual significance where demons of the night could see the spell.
Furthermore, the text provides an important insight into the beliefs of ancient Semitic cultures. The common folk had a colorful set of beliefs, as can be seen from the emphasis on the demons of the night. Hung in a doorway or at the threshold to the home, the amulet clearly warns nocturnal visitors to flee. And if they didn’t “listen” they would be vanquished by the powerful light of the morning sun.
- Ancient Magical Incantation to Capture Evil Devourer Found in Turkey
- Demonic Exorcisms in the Temple Schools of Mesopotamia
- Nine Notorious Demons that Terrorized the Ancient World
The Sun Versus The Night
The civilizations of the Near East were undoubtedly some of the oldest and most inspiring in the ancient world. From these desert regions and fertile river valleys, cultures and technologies, industries and trade all spread to the east and the west and shaped the emergence of the world as we know it. And amongst the Phoenicians, Arameans, Assyrians and Canaanites mythologies overlapped. For people who knew little of the natural world, the supernatural was certainly believable. The enigmatic incantations and protective spells of the Arslan Tash amulets provide valuable insights into how the worlds of the supernatural and the profane interacted in daily life so long ago.
Top image: The concept of magic, occultism and protection from demons in daily life lies at the heart what the Arslan Tash amulets provided to the ancient Phoenician and Assyrian peoples. Source: Sergei / Adobe Stock
Brown, W. 2019. Arslan Tash Amulet. Ancient History Encyclopedia. [Online] Available at:
Cross, F. 2018. Leaves from an Epigrapher's Notebook: Collected Papers in Hebrew and West Semitic Palaeography and Epigraphy. Eisenbrauns – Penn State University Press.
Dijk van, J. The Authenticity of the Arslan Tash Amulets. Jacobus Van Dijk.
Noll, K. L. 2006. Canaanite Religion. Blackwell Publishing / Brandon University. [Online] Available at:
Torczyner, H. Journal of Near Eastern Studies “A Hebrew Incantation Against Night-Demons from Biblical Times” . University of Chicago Press | <urn:uuid:9991f47b-5869-4e50-b5b6-1740cd8e5a09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/arslan-tash-amulets-0014156 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.938085 | 3,402 | 2.75 | 3 |
This week Alice and Kim talk true crime, Tudor history, and anti-racist reads for your shelf.
This episode is sponsored by Read or Dead, Book Riot’s mystery/thriller podcast, The Last Stargazers by Emily Levesque from Sourcebooks , and Flatiron Books, publisher of Being Lolita by Alisson Wood.
NONFICTION IN THE NEWS
Inferno: A Memoir of Motherhood and Madness by Catherine Cho
Uncrowned Queen: The Fateful Life of Margaret Beaufort by Nicola Tallis
Unspeakable Acts: True Tales of Crime, Murder, Deceit, and Obsession, edited by Sarah Weinman
She was the First! The Trailblazing Life of Shirley Chisholm by Katheryn Russell-Brown, illustrated by Eric Velasquez
Intimations by Zadie Smith
Sex and Lies: True Stories of Women’s Intimate Lives in the Arab World by Leila Slimani
The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein
Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership by Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor
A Black Women’s History of the United States by Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross
1919 by Eve L. Ewing
ALICE: Wave by Sonali Deraniyagala
KIM: The Heir Affair by Heather Cocks and Jessica Morgan
The Rise of Kyoshi by F.C. Yee
You can find us on SOCIAL MEDIA – @itsalicetime and @kimthedork. Our amazing audio editing is done by Jen Zink. RATE AND REVIEW on Apple Podcasts so people can find us more easily, and subscribe so you can get our new episodes the minute they come out. | <urn:uuid:f9301199-cd13-432f-8e53-cd45eabb8da2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bookriot.com/listen/anti-racist-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.870682 | 416 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Abstract: Obamacare—the popular name for the recently enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)—is highly disliked by American voters who want to see it repealed. A majority of states are suing to overturn it, and the House of Representatives has voted to repeal it. Though repeal is being blocked by the Senate and the Obama Administration, there are ways that lawmakers can reduce the damage that Obamacare is inflicting on the American economy and everyday freedoms. Former Representative from Oklahoma Ernest Istook explains the tools—from routine defunding to cutting off backdoor funding for PPACA—that policymakers could employ now.
Although attempts to repeal the massive and misnamed Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) are being blocked by the Senate and the White House, there are multiple tools that lawmakers can employ to reduce the damage that “Obamacare” is inflicting on the U.S. economy and American freedoms. In its rampant and uncontrollable growth, Obamacare resembles weeds that take over a lawn, going even further to become a government version of kudzu.
The massive 2,700-page health care law is deliberately designed to make defunding and dismantlement difficult. Although original estimates reported that it created 159 new government agencies, later studies show even more, but that an exact count is impossible due to the complexity of the law. The new law also attempts to bypass the normal appropriations process, another feature that makes defunding more difficult. By making advance appropriations for tens of billions of dollars up to and beyond the year 2020, these provisions of Obamacare seek to take spending decisions away from the current Congress and from future Congresses and Presidents. Although Obamacare was not pitched to the public as a mandatory spending entitlement, the details of the legislation reveal an intent to block any future Congress from controlling Obamacare’s spending.
This paper examines several details of how to limit the damage caused by the law until it can be repealed; it is accompanied by 15 Heritage Foundation WebMemos documenting 15 specific areas of the law that most deserve attention and unraveling.
Any strategy to repeal Obamacare will require lawmakers to focus on provisions that form the foundation of the new law’s architecture, so that eliminating these would topple major portions of it. Such pillar provisions, among others, include:
- The individual and employer mandates;
- The health insurance “exchanges”;
- The evisceration of Medicare Advantage;
- The requirement that states dramatically expand their Medicaid programs regardless of the expense; and
- The authority granted to the Office of Personnel Management to create a prototype “public option” of a government-run insurance company.
Energy spent on dismantling lesser provisions may yield some positive peripheral benefits but will not undercut the pillars of Obamacare. One well-known example of an incidental provision is the requirement that businesses file a “1099” form with the IRS every year, detailing their financial transactions with vendors. Although this provision creates an enormous and unwarranted burden on businesses and should be repealed, its repeal would not strike at the heart of Obamacare.
Defunding: A Routine Policy Tool
Congress is not required to fund Obamacare or the myriad new programs that it spawned. As with every other federal program, the level of funding can be adjusted—even zeroed out—by the current Congress. Special provisions in the health care law will complicate the process, but the propriety of defunding as a rightful tool is unquestionable.
Congress’s standard protocol involves a two-stage process. First, authorizing legislation is passed, creating a program or an agency. Then, separately, the appropriations process determines how much funding, if any, will be allocated to that purpose, which must compete against other programs that also seek funding. Despite the vast amount of federal spending, more programs are authorized than can or will actually be funded.
As noted by the Congressional Research Service (CRS), “Congress is not required to provide funds for every agency or purpose authorized by law.” Defunding is a legitimate use of the power of the purse that the Founding Fathers wisely granted to Congress. As James Madison said, “This power over the purse may, in fact, be regarded as the most complete and effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm the immediate representatives of the people, for obtaining a redress of every grievance, and for carrying into effect every just and salutary measure.”
The White House routinely proposes zero funding for many federal programs. In 2010, the Office of Management and Budget published an overview of President Barack Obama’s efforts to defund disfavored federal programs, stating:
In his 2010 Budget, President Obama sought to end or reduce 121 programs for a one-year savings of approximately $17 billion, of which $11.5 billion was on the discretionary side of the Budget. The Congress then acted and approved cuts that produced a net savings of $6.8 billion, nearly 60 percent of the discretionary cuts proposed…
…for the 2011 Budget, the Administration is proposing 126 terminations, reductions, and savings of more than $23 billion in 2011 alone. The proposals include 78 discretionary terminations and reductions….
So when a repeal is blocked, defunding is the obvious next approach. In the case of Obamacare, that is tricky because the law is designed to be difficult to uproot, just like a plant with an elaborate root system. This paper details some of the “how to” questions relating to defunding.
The Tangled Kudzu of Obamacare’s Bureaucracy
Obamacare was designed to be the governmental equivalent of kudzu—growing everywhere, propagating by multiple means, and sinking in its roots and becoming impossible to control. Although it is legislatively possible to enact a single provision that no public funds shall be used to implement any portion of this health care law, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to convince the Senate or President to approve such a sweeping provision.
Therefore a series of defunding restrictions can be aimed at specific provisions—an approach compounded by the vast number of provisions in the law. Piecemeal provisions can be adroitly packaged with other legislation desired by the Senate and the White House—an un-admired but common tactic in the Congress.
It may be impossible to identify each specific item that should be defunded because nobody knows just how many new bureaucracies are being created under the new law. As concluded by the Congressional Research Service, “The precise number of new entities that will ultimately be created pursuant to PPACA [Obamacare] is currently unknowable, for the number of entities created by some sections is contingent upon other factors, and some new entities may satisfy more than one requirement in the legislation.”
The same CRS report also notes that this bureaucracy has a weak spot, namely that “in practical terms, many of these entities will not be able to function until their members are appointed and funds are appropriated or made available for the entities to operate.” That explains why Obamacare uses funding gimmicks that try to restrict the ability of the current Congress to defund it. In effect, it is as though the lame duck Congress were still in charge of funding decisions, despite how the voters ejected many of them from office.
Obamacare Tries to Strip Congress of Power to Defund
One of Obamacare’s most egregious insults to the rule of law is its effort to take away the power of the current Congress, future Congresses, and future Presidents to decide what level of funding—if any—its programs should receive. The law does this by including billions of dollars in actual appropriations of funds for future years.
As the CRS notes, Obamacare “contains two types of budgetary provisions in relation to the new entities created by or through the legislation. Several of the provisions directly provide funding (referred to as “direct spending”), bypassing the annual appropriations process, through techniques such as multi-year or permanent appropriations. Some of these provisions also impose other requirements or conditions.”
One example cited by the CRS in a related report is an advance appropriation of $6 billion in Obamacare’s Section 1322, requiring the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish a “Consumer Operated and Oriented Plan (CO-OP),” better known as the insurance “exchange” program. The statute does not specify how much of the $6 billion is designated for each fiscal year, presumably giving a blank check to Secretary Kathleen Sebelius to spend when and how she likes.
This CRS report is entirely devoted to describing the extensive provisions whereby Obamacare strips the authority of current and future Congresses to make funding decisions. The CRS devotes eight pages to a table listing the billions of locked-in future spending. The two largest single amounts are an appropriation of $19.147 billion for FY 2014 and $21.061 billion for FY 2015 for the Children’s Health Insurance Program (which existed before Obamacare).
It takes eight pages for CRS simply to list the PPACA provisions that seek to bypass the normal appropriations process. These go beyond standard appropriations for the current and following fiscal years, making spending decisions for as long as 10 years in the future—not only beyond the term of the last Congress, but also beyond the current term of President Obama. These include, among others: Section 2951 on “Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Programs” and Section 3021 on a “Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation” (including $10 billion for FY 2011 through FY 2019, and $10 billion for each subsequent 10-year fiscal period). The report also describes how billions are to be transferred—without approval of current or future officeholders—from Medicare into Obamacare accounts, such as in Section 3403.
Making years’ worth of spending decisions in advance is an attempt to handcuff the current Congress and prevent it from determining current levels of spending. The entire balance of power is upset when President Obama need not work with current elected officials to fund his priorities, since he already got the prior Congress to make decisions that extend beyond its term. The ability of the new Congress to leverage and negotiate is thereby weakened.
The funds in Obamacare are not budget projections but actual appropriations of money. Obamacare goes far beyond any precedent for making appropriations for future years; it is an outrageous effort by the former Congress to bind the current and future Congresses in this way.
Because the last Congress did not do its job of enacting spending bills, current funding for all other government programs expires on March 4 and must be resolved by the current Congress. Yet, while neglecting everything else, the last Congress funded Obamacare. As the new Congress considers any further continuing resolution or permanent funding for the rest of government, it can and should consider language removing the special advance appropriations that were given to Obamacare. Otherwise, even if the rest of government were shut down, Obamacare would remain active.
Another way to address the problem of vast advance appropriations for Obamacare might be to require that other important parts of government—perhaps even the White House’s own budget—be funded only if money were transferred from Obamacare.
Cutting Off Backdoor Funding for Obamacare
The packaging of appropriations bills becomes crucial, since leverage is accomplished only by packaging whatever one wants in the same legislation as what somebody else desires. Although praiseworthy from a good government perspective, efforts to de-link certain programs—and place them in a larger number of more narrowly focused spending bills—might limit the leverage the House will have with the Senate and the White House. It is a tricky process with unclear results.
The typical approach—limitations language in appropriations bills—is important, but insufficient by itself to defund Obamacare. As noted by CRS, Congress may decide to “provide funds for some activities or projects under an agency, but not others. Precedents require that the language be phrased in the negative, for example, that ‘none of the funds provided in this paragraph (typically an account) shall be used for’ a specified activity.”
Congress has an important advantage if used skillfully. It can package bills as it wishes, lumping limitations language within funding bills that are considered “must-pass” and which contain other priorities important to the White House. Because the President must approve or veto bills in their entirety, he cannot reject this language without rejecting the other things he desires.
The normal strategy of using a “continuing resolution” during a stalemate favors the status quo because a continuing resolution only funds existing programs—and as a new program, Obamacare is not in the funding baseline. So the stalemate option would normally favor the foes of Obamacare, except for the need to undo the advance appropriations mentioned previously.
Since appropriations bills typically apply to only one year, the limitations language expires at the end of each fiscal year and must be renewed. But to defund Obamacare entirely, Congress must also cover the backdoor approaches used by the executive branch to bypass the appropriations process, or to fund programs during a continuing resolution. These include:
- Transferring funds from other agencies or programs,
- Using unobligated balances from previous years’ appropriations,
- Awarding grants through other funding accounts, and
- Using creative funding streams that bypass Congress.
Additional Paths to Pursue
Additional actions are needed to minimize the damage that Obamacare inflicts on America’s health care, economy, and freedoms:
Expedited Review. Congress could shorten or remove some of the standard legal hurdles that delay the time when the U.S. Supreme Court may issue a final order on the constitutionality of Obamacare—especially the individual mandate. Now is an opportune time. No appellate court has yet issued an order, and because district court rulings have differed, neither side can claim to be advantaged or disadvantaged by expediting the appeals process. As a good government effort to remove major uncertainty, there is no legitimate reason why this effort should not attract bipartisan support in both houses of Congress.
Monitoring. Transparency and good government require that all executive branch efforts to advance Obamacare should be known to Congress and to the public. Creating a one-stop clearinghouse and reporting system—especially requiring timely and online disclosures—should have bipartisan support in both houses of Congress. This will prevent any stealth efforts to advance the law in the absence of approved funding.
Oversight. Although beyond the scope of this paper, heightened oversight by Congress and tracking of expenditures is necessary for any program that gives as much unfettered discretion to bureaucrats as President Obama has allocated. A key example is the hundreds of waivers granted by HHS Secretary Sebelius for Obamacare exemptions, based on vague standards that can easily be abused. Oversight should include monitoring and exposing how the Administration uses public money for its public relations campaign to change widespread opposition to Obamacare, such as $3,184,000 spent to produce and air pre-election advertisements on national television in September and October 2010.
The debate over Obamacare boils down to how one answers the following question: Should the federal government control America’s $2.5 trillion health care sector? As shown by the robust negative public response, no lawmaker should answer “yes.”
—The Honorable Ernest J. Istook, Jr., a former Member of Congress, is Distinguished Fellow in Government Relations at The Heritage Foundation. | <urn:uuid:43c06f42-4889-4623-b40d-c5fcbb724c60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.heritage.org/health-care-reform/report/how-limit-the-damage-obamacare-pulling-it-out-weed-weed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.948699 | 3,207 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Why choose engineering at Curtin?
Gain a strong foundation
Our Bachelor of Engineering begins with the Engineering Foundation Year, where you will study the fundamental concepts and develop skills common to all areas of engineering. This foundation gives you a broad knowledge and helps you progress smoothly into your chosen major in your second year. You’ll not only learn theory but also work on simulated projects in real computing, electrical, and mechanics laboratories.
Graduate as an accredited engineer
When you graduate, you’ll immediately fulfil the stage one competencies required by Engineers Australia for a professional engineer and will be able to work internationally in more than 20 countries. The accreditation is only awarded to universities that have met rigorous benchmarks of teaching quality.
Travel and learn abroad
Want to travel to your dream overseas destination and gain a competitive edge in your industry? You could study a semester abroad at one of our campuses in Dubai, Malaysia or undertake an exchange program at one of our partner universities in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, or South America.
Make industry connections
You’ll have opportunities to network with top employers in your chosen industry, through advisory panel discussions and guest lectures. In your final year, you could even work on an industry research project with one of our partners.
View our engineering majors
Explore our range of engineering majors, available to specialise in from your second year.
Say hello to a new type of engineer
We’re engineering new engineers by providing students with an industry-connected education experience that helps provide solutions to complex challenges faced by society, and to improve the quality of life for people all around the world.
Applied learning in data analytics, robotics, 3D printing, machine learning and artificial intelligence provide students with the knowledge and agility to understand rapidly transforming engineering systems due to new innovative technologies.
With a focus on interconnectedness and the recognition of systems as collections of components, systems thinking allows students to recognise and solve complex engineering problems.
Communication skills and teamwork
Delivering technical outcomes within a group framework is central to becoming a successful engineer, with students required to work in teams throughout the duration of their degree.
Kieren Williams – Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering)
I chose to study mechanical engineering because I enjoy applying my knowledge to solve hands-on and challenging problems. From my studies I’ve learnt how to work collaboratively and solve problems in a logical and systematic way. I’ve also made many friends and built networks that I’ll carry into my future career.
Sarah Montague, Bachelor of Engineering (Metallurgical Engineering) (Hons)
I chose to study metallurgical engineering because I’ve always had a passion for chemistry and understanding chemical processes from a practical perspective. The most enjoyable part of my degree has been relocating to the WA School of Mines (WASM) in Kalgoorlie for my third and fourth years. I was able to immerse myself in the WASM culture and take on extracurricular roles, professional development and social events— all while being in the heart of the mining industry. | <urn:uuid:98ed4e72-d972-4d0e-a487-17d074089b8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.curtin.edu.au/study/study-areas/engineering-mining-surveying/undergraduate-engineering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941417 | 647 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Professional networking site LinkedIn announced it will shut down its website in China because China’s hefty compliance requirements have created a “significantly more challenging operating environment.” Its parent company, Microsoft, said it would replace LinkedIn China with a job listings website without a social media element later this year.
LinkedIn’s retreat from China sends a warning to all Western companies that there is no middle ground between China’s authoritarian system and Western liberal democratic values. They must choose a side.
LinkedIn launched in China in 2014. It was the only Western social media site that operated openly in China, as Chinese authorities blocked other Western social media companies such as Facebook and Twitter. LinkedIn paid its admission price for the Chinese market by agreeing to adhere to the Chinese government’s rules, including censorship requirements.
Like all Western companies doing business in China, LinkedIn claimed that to comply with China’s law it had no choice but to censor content Chinese authorities object to. LinkedIn insisted the censorship was very light and in no way contradicted the company supporting free speech.
Still, LinkedIn’s censorship has caused great concern in the United States. In 2019, LinkedIn made headlines by blocking the profile of a U.S.-based Chinese dissident, Zhou Fengsuo. Zhou was one of the student leaders of the 1989 pro-democracy protest in Tiananmen Square.
After the Chinese government brutally cracked down on protestors, Zhou was forced into exile in the United States. He co-founded a nonprofit organization to aid human rights activists and organizations in China. On January 3, 2019, Zhou tweeted out a notice from LinkedIn, which stated that although the company “strongly supports freedom of expression,” Zhou’s profile and activities would not be viewable because of “specific content on your profile.”
Zhou demanded an answer in a tweet, “This is how censorship spread from Communist China to Silicon Valley in the age of globalization and digitalization. How does LinkedIn get the order from Beijing?” After Zhou’s tweet received wide media attention, LinkedIn reversed its action and unblocked Zhou’s account, claiming his profile had been blocked in error.
China’s ‘Cleanup’ of LinkedIn
As China’s leader Xi Xinping seeks to return China to the Maoist socialist model and intensify his suppression of dissenting voices, he demands more censorship from Chinese and foreign companies. Early this year, Chinese regulators visited LinkedIn’s headquarters in China and gave the company 30 days to “clean up” its content. The company disclosed that it had to stop new member sign-ups in China for weeks to “ensure we remain in compliance with local law.”
LinkedIn learned the hard way that capitulation to Beijing is not a one-time action but a process. Once you bend the knee, Beijing will soon demand a better attitude and posture. Surrender leads to more surrender because Beijing always wants more.
LinkedIn’s censorship on behalf of the Chinese government reached new heights in recent months. It used to only remove individual posts that Chinese censors did not like. But recently, LinkedIn blocked profiles and posts of foreign journalists, academics, researchers, and human rights activists from its China-based websites.
Well-known journalists affected included Axios’ Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, Vice News’ Melissa Chan, and U.K.-based author Greg Bruno. All of them have written about Beijing’s human rights violations in the past. All received similar messages from LinkedIn, which claims their profiles were blocked in LinkedIn China due to “prohibited content” in the summary section of these journalists’ profiles.
Besides these well-known journalists, LinkedIn also banned academics and researchers. One of them is Eyck Freymann, a Ph.D. student at Oxford University. According to the Wall Street Journal, Freymann’s profile was probably blocked in China because he included the words “Tiananmen Square massacre” in an entry describing his job as a research assistant for a book in 2015.
To add insult to injury, LinkedIn offered suggestions to those affected: modifying their content to remove the ban. Greg Bruno, author of a book on China’s soft power on Tibet, disclosed in an interview with Verdict, “LinkedIn suggests that my ban is not permanent, and that I am welcome to ‘update the Publications section’ of my profile ‘to minimize the impact’ of my offending content.”
Bruno rejected LinkedIn’s offer. He told Verdict: “While I am not surprised by the Chinese Communist Party’s discomfort with the topic of my book, I am dismayed that an American tech company is caving to the demands of a foreign government intent on controlling access to information.”
Chinese Intelligence Agents on LinkedIn
LinkedIn refused to explain whether its recent heightened censorship resulted from self-censorship by the company or was explicitly requested by the Chinese government. The company’s actions and its silence received widespread backlash at home and drew attention from U.S. lawmakers. Rep. Jim Banks, R-Indiana, wrote to LinkedIn, demanding the company say which Chinese Communist Party’s speech regulation it was enforcing on Americans and whether the company had handed over American users’ data to Beijing.
Senator Rick Scott, R-Florida, sent a letter addressed to Microsoft Chief Executive Officer Satya Nadella and LinkedIn CEO Ryan Roslansky. He said the company’s censorship “raised the serious questions of Microsoft’s intentions and its commitment to standing up against Communist China’s horrific human rights abuses and repeated attacks against democracy.” He criticized the company’s action as a “gross appeasement and an act of submission to Communist China.”
Besides censorship, LinkedIn has been embroiled in another controversy. Chinese intelligence agents have used fake profiles on LinkedIn and disguised themselves as headhunters, consultants, and scholars to collect information and recruit potential spies. In 2017, Germany’s intelligence agency disclosed that Chinese agents targeted more than 10,000 German citizens, including senior diplomats and politicians.
A year later, William Evanina, the U.S. counterintelligence chief, warned LinkedIn about China’s “super aggressive” intelligence activities on the site. In 2020, a Singapore national was convicted in U.S. court as “an illegal agent for a foreign power.” He had set up a fake consulting company and used LinkedIn to recruit Americans to spy on behalf of China.
Forced to Close
Eventually, both the pressure from China and from home has proven too much for LinkedIn. The company finally realized that Beijing would continue to demand more censorship while abusing its intelligence-gathering on the company’s platform.
To please Beijing means to abandon the company’s business model as a platform for the open and free exchange of ideas and to face more backlash from the public and more scrutiny from lawmakers at home. Eventually, LinkedIn chose to fold its China operation because it couldn’t straddle two different political systems with opposing values and still be successful.
LinkedIn’s exit from China should serve as a warning for all Western businesses and organizations. For too long, Western companies and organizations, from Nike to the NBA, have operated by this “one company, two systems” model. They have acted as if they are the defenders of liberal democratic values in their home countries.
But they have instead overlooked the Chinese Communist Party’s human rights abuses and insisted on abiding by the CCP’s speech code, all for the sake of chasing profit — they don’t want to be shut out of potentially lucrative Chinese markets. They have damaged their reputations while finding out Beijing’s appetite for control and censorship cannot be satisfied.
LinkedIn’s experience in China has shown that the “one company, two systems” model is a failure. All Western companies and organizations must realize that Beijing’s authoritarian model is incompatible with Western liberal democratic values.
Trying to find a middle ground will please no one. Western companies and organizations have to choose a side.
They should remind themselves that the liberal democratic values such as freedom of expression they enjoy at home have not only fattened their bottom line, they have given birth to superb products, including music, movies, products, and sports teams with universal popularity. If Western companies and organizations want to maintain their success and achieve more, they should choose freedom and democracy over kowtowing to Beijing. | <urn:uuid:9fc812c4-552e-431f-8927-8270966b2c8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thefederalist.com/2021/10/19/linkedins-retreat-from-china-is-a-warning-to-all-western-businesses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.95782 | 1,776 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Halsey, William F. (William Frederick), 1882-1959
- Existence: 1882-10-30 - 1959-08-16
U.S. naval commander who led vigorous campaigns in the Pacific theatre during World War II.
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Item — Box: 2017.046 OVRSZ
Scope and Contents Reproduction of the official Instrument of Surrender, translation, proclamation, and 4 offical Navy photographs of the Doolittle Raid and Surrender.
Dates: Event: 1942-04-18 - 1945-09-02 | <urn:uuid:268de46c-c38f-43b6-bc87-fc2c1224dfb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utulsa.as.atlas-sys.com/agents/people/3180 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.729483 | 135 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Background The UK Medical Research Council has proposed that complex interventions should be tested in exploratory trials prior to a full-scale trial so as to better define the intervention and test the feasibility of components such as recruitment. It is not clear to what extent this is being done. This study aimed to determine to what extent complex interventions are tested prior to a full-scale trial and whether more or different testing would have led to a different intervention being used in the trial. Methods Email survey of the authors of complex intervention trials published in seven major journals in 2004. Results 72% (50/69) of eligible authors replied. Eight authors did not consider their interventions to be complex. The majority of respondents' complex interventions were tested (34/42): some extensively. Conversely, only 17 of the 34 published reports describing these trials mention testing. Two-thirds (22/34) of those testing their interventions did not believe that more or different testing would have produced a more effective intervention. 31% (13/42) of all authors did believe further testing would have led to improvements. Five respondents mentioned a lack of funding as a reason for not doing more testing. Conclusion Complex interventions are generally tested prior to their evaluation in a full-scale trial, although the amount of testing varies. Testing is often not described in trial reports, which makes it hard to judge whether a trial result could be improved with a better intervention, or whether further work with a different intervention is required. | <urn:uuid:22e8a5bb-5ee0-4704-9c80-fd67ccfab3d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/how-much-does-pre-trial-testing-influence-complex-intervention-tr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.967442 | 295 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Have you been asked to write an article for a magazine or blog? If so, you should jump at the opportunity. Articles are a great way to build a name for yourself in your area of expertise. It’s also exciting to see your name in print!
But if you haven’t written an article before, it can seem a difficult task.
This five step guide is for you if you’ve got an article to write and are struggling with writer’s block or word count woes. It’s also for you if you always turn down the opportunity to write an article because you don’t know where to start.
Step 1: Sort the subject matter
If the magazine or blog editor has given you a theme or title then skip to the next section, you’ve sorted the subject matter. If you’ve got a free reign, the first step is to brainstorm possible subjects. Here are a few ideas to get you started…
What’s the question you’re most frequently asked?What’s the hot topic in your field right now?What do you do differently to everyone else?What does the future for your industry or career look like?What’s new in your sector or community?
Step 2: Brainstorm the content
Once you’ve got the subject matter sorted, brainstorm everything you could talk about in relation to it. Don’t worry about filtering information at this stage, just make sure you’ve captured all the points.
Step 3: Organise the content
Once you’ve brainstormed the content, you have to organise and filter it. You need to arrange your points in an order that:
coherently covers the subject matter you’re writing aboutwill make sense to a reader who will be reading the article without all (or any) of the background information on your subject or your particular opinion on it.
You’re likely to find at this stage that some of your brainstormed ideas won’t have a logical place in the final cut. That’s fine. Leave them out.
Step 4: Do the maths
Next you need to do a bit of maths.
Divide the number of points you want to make by the number of words you’re allowed in the article (don’t forget to allow space for an introduction, a conclusion and some linking text between points).
Are the numbers realistic? If yes, great. If not, then there are two things to ask yourself.
Are you covering your chosen subject in too much detail? If so, then go back and cut down the number of points you want to make.
If you aren’t covering your chosen subject in too much detail then ask yourself if your subject matter itself is too broad or too complex to be suitable for this length of article. If that’s the case, then it’s time to go back to the drawing board to look at your subject matter.
Step 5: Write the content
Once you’ve sorted out the subject you want to write about, the points you want to make, the order you want to make them in and the approximate number of words you’ve got for each of them, you’ve basically cracked your article, so it’s time to get writing. Good luck!
Catherine Every is a freelance copywriter living in Herefordshire, UK. Her website is www.hellopippin.co.uk | <urn:uuid:af6d694e-3d86-4fe3-b116-451cd78c63fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ruralyoutheurope.com/2017/01/11/how-to-write-an-article/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.896988 | 731 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Vs. Broderism. Eric Alterman in The Nation discusses David Broder’s reluctance to seek the truth about torture. Sadly, Broder is just one amongst many who view politics as some sort of game divorced from ethics, morality, and the rule of law:
Sadly, Broder’s decision to avert his eyes from the distasteful and potentially criminal actions of his government is not exceptional; it’s how he defines his job. Forty years ago he scolded those in the Democratic Party who challenged Lyndon Johnson’s lies about Vietnam as “degrading…to those involved.” Twenty years ago he attacked independent counsel Lawrence Walsh’s investigation into criminal wrongdoing in the Iran/Contra scandal. (Reagan had mused that he would likely be impeached should his extraconstitutional actions ever be discovered.) Broder supported Republican efforts to impeach Bill Clinton, whose behavior he deemed “worse” than Richard Nixon’s police-state tactics during Watergate because Nixon’s actions, “however neurotic and criminal, were motivated and connected to the exercise of presidential power.” There is a pattern here, obviously. When a president abuses his constitutional warmaking powers, he can depend on Broder not only to defend his crimes but to attack those who would hold him accountable. This, in the eyes of perhaps the most honored and admired journalist today, is the proper function of the press in a democracy. | <urn:uuid:4f006edf-1c0d-4324-aebb-ae62ff1377e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pineviewfarm.net/2009/05/truth-no-reconciliation-11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.973203 | 305 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Tears of Sorrow, Tears of Joy: An Individual Differences Approach to Crying in Dutch Females
Crying, Personality, Mood, Individual differences
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Many people report that crying relieves distress and is soothing; however, others report no change in mood after crying, and a minority of people even report worsened mood. What accounts for individual differences in the sequelae of crying? To examine this question, 196 adult Dutch women completed personality and clinical functioning measures, which were used to predict mood change after crying, as well as the frequency and ease of crying episodes. The personality characteristics of neuroticism, extraversion and empathy predicted variation in the frequency and ease of crying episodes, but did not predict mood change. Conversely, clinical characteristics were less related to the frequency and ease of crying episodes than to variation in mood change. Specifically, alexithymia, anhedonia, depression, and anxiety were associated with worsened post-crying mood. Individual difference characteristics are systematically related to different facets of crying. Implications for understanding the heterogeneity of adult crying are discussed.
Was this content written or created while at USF?
Citation / Publisher Attribution
Personality and Individual Differences, v. 45, issue 5, p. 367-372
Scholar Commons Citation
Rottenberg, Jonathan; Bylsma, Lauren M.; Wolvin, Vanessa; and Vingerhoets, Ad J. J. M., "Tears of Sorrow, Tears of Joy: An Individual Differences Approach to Crying in Dutch Females" (2008). Psychology Faculty Publications. 1815. | <urn:uuid:f09c26e6-2a22-41ca-a8f4-0cdc57096408> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/psy_facpub/1815/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.893806 | 391 | 2.46875 | 2 |
A Torque sensor is described, which uses amorphous ribbons in contact with a sensor head, with a wide dynamic range. A uniaxial magnetic anisotropy Kuo was induced in the (Fe1-xCox)78Si8B14 amorphous alloy ribbons by magnetic field annealing. These amorphous ribbons, with various Kuo/λs values, were used in order to examine the torsional stress detection characteristics. As expected, a larger Kuo/λs resulted in a wider dynamic range. The wide dynamic range, 1000 μ strain, was obtained in which the detecting torque sensitivity reached a value ten times as high as that for a strain gage torque sensor, using metal resistance film, where exciting frequency (subcarrier wave frequency) f = 5.4 kHz and the exciting current Ip = 5 rnA.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering | <urn:uuid:1100e6c3-2473-4a49-a9e2-69efc79fe9c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-new-contact-amorphous-torque-sensor-with-wide-dynamic-range-and | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.92701 | 206 | 1.507813 | 2 |
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A rhetorical analysis essay is a form of essay that analyzes the rhetoric being passed on through text. This class of essays is more worried about how the rhetoric has been described rather than what is being described. A critical concentration for these essays is the goals of the message, the method utilized, and the embodiment of the message that passes on a predetermined message to an interest group.
Some main highlights should be included in each rhetorical analysis essay, despite the cheapest essay writing service being available to pick numerous methodologies depending on their inclination. A couple of these qualities highlights of A-grade rhetorical essays are examined here:
1. Examination of the writer's decision of abstract articulation:
For A grade rhetorical analysis, you want to enroll fundamental elements of text consequently arrangement of a nitty gritty record of writing discernments that help you to win passing marks.
2. Conversation of significant systems adopted by the creator in text:
To add to enlisting every one of the constituent parts, you can grow and expand on numerous methods utilized by the article writer.
3. Incorporate purposes behind the usage of explicit procedures:
A substantial analysis involving scrutinize of printed rhetoric should highlight an explanation of the systems adopted just as ensuing worries that went before those methodology usages.
4. Think about methodologies and recognize the best procedure:
A best-composed rhetoric work should highlight the procedures utilized by the creator and then, at that point, present with an option for the original message that has been analyzed. You should introduce a legitimate explanation or explanation for the adjustment of the original article work.
5. Allude to the gatherings that added to the story of rhetoric:
Your rhetoric analysis should likewise include the discussion regarding different methods utilized or that could be utilized for alteration of the original work. You should uphold your argument with confirm and additionally allude to all individuals, assets, and different sources that have added to the finish of your analytical work.
The rhetoric infers the talented imaginative manner of compelling speaking just as writing. This segment presents a couple of the key ideas identified with the best rhetorical essay.
1. Requests are the way that helps the writer in convincing their perusers and free essay writing service. There have been three trademark requests that incorporate rhetoric, established by the prestigious rationalist Aristotle and otherwise called a rhetorical triangle on occasion. These are logos, ethos, and final tenderness.
2. The intelligent allure likewise alluded to as logos, infers the usage of levelheaded argumentation for influence. This has been the leading methodology in writing scholastic related essays where the premise of arguments is proof.
3. Moral allure or ethos alludes to the representation of the power of the creator identified with the subject of message being analyzed.
4. A disgraceful allure has otherwise called feeling, which infers requests that excite feelings and play with sentiments. This kind of allure might involve addressing in an energetic manner that utilizes striking symbolism, which subsequently stirs feelings like anger, compassion, or appreciation among the crowd. | <urn:uuid:fc5726a0-e71b-4170-9a01-525143797825> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.haikudeck.com/features-of-an-a-grade-rhetorical-analysis-essay---2021-guide-uncategorized-presentation-ebec28c039 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.938637 | 801 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Here’s What Happens to Your Body When You’re Sleep Deprived
In 1965, Randy Gardner, a 17-year-old high school student broke the record for consecutive days without sleep by going 11 days and 24 minutes with zero shut-eye. Gardner’s friends helped him stay awake during the ordeal by taking him on long drives, blasting loud music, and making frequent trips to the local donut shop.
By day two of the experiment, Gardner’s eyes stopped focusing. On day three, he was moody and uncoordinated. After 11 days, he couldn’t concentrate, his short-term memory was virtually non-existent, and he suffered vivid hallucinations. At one point, Gardner believed he played football for the San Diego Chargers. After setting his world record, Gardner slept a well deserved 14 hours and 40 minutes and no long-term effects were recorded. Gardner was lucky, because in extreme circumstances, sleep deprivation can kill you.
In 2012, an English soccer fan died of a stroke after staying up for two days straight watching the World Cup. Studies show that sleeping less than four hours a night increases the risk of stroke 4.5 times. That same year, Jiang Xiaoshan, a Chinese soccer fan also died after staying up 11 nights straight watching the same tournament. In China, matches started between one and three in the morning, so he’d work all day and then stay up through the night watching the games while drinking beer and smoking cigarettes. After the 11th night, he fell asleep and was found dead of exhaustion. Dr. Liu Zhiling of the local People’s Hospital emergency room told The Sanxiang Metropolis, “Jiang was in good health. But staying up through the night and not sleeping enough weakened his immune system, and he drank and smoked while watching the [soccer games], triggering his condition.”
People with the rare disease Fatal Familial insomnia (FFI) die due to extreme sleep deprivation. This prion disease in the brain is commonly caused by damage to the thalamus and leads to death in seven to 36 months. People with FFI experience hallucinations, dementia, sweating, and rapid weight loss, followed by sudden death. A notable case according to How Stuff Works is Michael Corke. In 1991, Corke began to experience sleep difficulties and after prolonged periods of insomnia his brain deteriorated. In order to help ease his symptoms, doctors induced a coma and his brain still remained active. Corke died in 1993 after living through a nightmarish six straight months with no sleep.
Researchers believe that deaths caused by sleep deprivation happen due to the accumulation of waste products in the brain. Every day, our brains use up energy, and as a byproduct, they produce a hormone called adenosine which makes us sleepy. During sleep, the brain is “cleansed” by the glymphatic system which uses cerebrospinal fluid to flush away toxic byproducts that accumulate between brain cells. In extreme cases, sleep deprivation causes a toxic build up in the brain that can eventually lead to death. | <urn:uuid:22880ee7-603c-4f5c-ba9f-7c45c172e6cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buzzworthy.com/heres-sleep-deprivation-eventually-kill-video/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.967611 | 639 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Embedded and ubiquitous computing is an exciting paradigm that promises to provide computing and communication services to the end users all the time and everywhere. Its systems are now invading in every aspect of our daily life and promise to revolutionize our life much more profoundly than elevators, electric motors or even personal computer evolution ever did. The emergence of this technology is a natural outcome of research and technological advances in a variety of areas including embedded systems, pervasive computing and communications, wireless networks, mobile computing, distributed computing and agent technologies.
EUC 2012 was the next event, in a series of highly successful International Conferences on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), previously held as ICDCS-ECS04 (Tokyo, Japan, March 2004), EUC-04 (Aizu, Japan, August 2004), EUC-05 (Nagasaki, Japan, December 2005), EUC-06 (Seoul, Korea, August 2006), EUC-07 (Taipei, Taiwan, December 2007), EUC-08 (Shanghai, China, December 2008), EUC-09 (Vancouver, Canada, August 2009), EUC-10 (Hong Kong, December 2010) and EUC 2011 (Melbourne, Australia, October 2011).
EUC 2012 took place in Coral Beach resort near the city of Paphos, Cyprus. | <urn:uuid:66dc71ba-29f5-4e43-9105-98d538316d1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.cyprusconferences.org/portfolio/cseeuc-2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.927622 | 276 | 1.945313 | 2 |
John William Pennington
12/29/1926 – 12/10/1994.
GM2C US Navy WWII; SSGT USAF Korea, Vietnam
Dad, 16 yo, 1943
There are two kinds of dead in war: those who die and those who live. Those who die stay dead; those who live die again and again and again until, someday, they too stay dead.
He died in World War II during the Battle of Okinawa, but lived another forty-nine years filled with anger that he did not die in the war and stay dead. He returned an angry old man of nineteen, no longer possessed of that youthful innocence and un-sensed sense of immortality that lead the young to reckless deeds and derring-do. He lay in bed at night praying he would not wake in the morning so he would not have to die again.
He came home from war understanding mortality, the transitory nature of life, what death…
View original post 944 more words | <urn:uuid:73cef5fd-1616-4b9f-ba9a-3323ed4345f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amdobritt.wordpress.com/2018/05/28/eighteen-thousand-two-hundred-and-fifty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.932998 | 206 | 1.890625 | 2 |
“The water felt so awful. And then I slipped. I slid towards the open sea and splashed on my side into the water.”
Author: Vuokko Hurme
Finnish original: Kaipaus
Publisher: S&S, 2018
Genre: children’s fiction, middle grade
Number of pages: 320 pp.
Reading material: Finnish original, English synopsis
Rights sold: Estonia, Rahva Raamat; Turkey, CAN
Lenna and her family have jumped from the upside down city of Kardum and the old life they knew into the sky below. Now she’s learning to live in Mabal, where gravity pulls her towards the ground, and the sky spreads out above the forests.
Lenna no longer has to be afraid of falling into the sky, but instead she has worry about what falls from the sky: trash, sand, and even houses and boulders. People build reinforced rooves, use umbrellas for protection, and give the children helmets to wear.
And there’s another danger. Mabal rests on a thin surface. Anyone who digs too deep below the surface will fall. No one knows where. There are more people in Mabal, and for the first time in their lives, Lenna and her little sister Rosa get to go to school. But Lenna’s best friend Jaan and his father have disappeared during their jump from Kardum. When Lenna finds out that there are people outside Mabal, too, she is filled with hope: could Jaan be out there among them?
Right-Side Up is the second novel in Vuokko Hurme’s children’s fantasy series Rotation. The first one, Upside Down, came out in 2017, and the third one, About-turn, will be published in 2019.
About the author: | <urn:uuid:36aae1d8-57f8-4196-9818-670149669b88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.helsinkiagency.fi/right-side-up/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.938663 | 398 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Complex network description of the ionosphere
- 1Department of Electronic and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- 2Xi'an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi'an, China
Correspondence: Hao Zhang (firstname.lastname@example.org)
Complex networks have emerged as an essential approach of geoscience to generate novel insights into the nature of geophysical systems. To investigate the dynamic processes in the ionosphere, a directed complex network is constructed, based on a probabilistic graph of the vertical total electron content (VTEC) from 2012. The results of the power-law hypothesis test show that both the out-degree and in-degree distribution of the ionospheric network are not scale-free. Thus, the distribution of the interactions in the ionosphere is homogenous. None of the geospatial positions play an eminently important role in the propagation of the dynamic ionospheric processes. The spatial analysis of the ionospheric network shows that the interconnections principally exist between adjacent geographical locations, indicating that the propagation of the dynamic processes primarily depends on the geospatial distance in the ionosphere. Moreover, the joint distribution of the edge distances with respect to longitude and latitude directions shows that the dynamic processes travel further along the longitude than along the latitude in the ionosphere. The analysis of “small-world-ness” indicates that the ionospheric network possesses the small-world property, which can make the ionosphere stable and efficient in the propagation of dynamic processes.
Including large numbers of irregularities with different sizes and affected by various factors (like solar irradiation, geomagnetic field, gravity wave and tidal wave; Kelly, 2009), the ionosphere performs as a complex system in terms of the spatial and temporal variation. A complex network is an efficient tool to study the characteristics of complex systems that contain a large number of interacting parts. Its application spans various scientific fields (Zerenner et al., 2014), such as biology (e.g., protein interaction networks), information technology (e.g., World Wide Web) and social sciences (e.g., social networks; Wang et al., 2016a, b). The application of complex network theory to ionosphere science is still a young field, since few research studies have been reported. The network theory was discussed by Podolská et al. with two abstracts in the 2010 and 2012 EGU General Assembly Conference (Podolská et al., 2010, 2012). The aim of the first abstract was to examine the influence of geomagnetic disturbances and solar activity on thermal plasma parameters. The other abstract was focused on an attempt to find out time shifts between fundamental ionospheric parameters. Therefore, none of them tried to describe the global ionosphere based on a complex network.
In modern statistical mechanics of geophysics, especially seismological science, the idea of complex networks is receiving significant attention. Baiesi and Paczuski (2005) constructed directed networks of earthquakes by placing a link between pairs of events that were strongly correlated. Their results showed that the network was scale-free and highly clustered. Abe and Suzuki (2006) constructed growing random networks by adding an edge between two successive earthquakes and found that these earthquake networks were scale-free and small-world. The constructions of the above two networks were based on the expert judgment of adding an edge and ignored the uncertainty in the system. Jiménez et al. (2008) divided the southern California region into cells of 0.1∘ and calculated the correlation of activities among them to create networks, which showed the small-world features. Suteanu (2014) proposed a network-based method for the assessment of earthquakes' relationships in space–time–magnitude patterns and further applied the results for the study of temporal variations in volcanic seismicity patterns. Those two networks were built based on correlation, which was a linear measurement of the interactions in the objective system.
Another geophysical application of complex networks is in climate science (Nocke et al., 2015). Peron et al. (2014) also built a temperature network by correlation and regarded the global grid points as nodes. They showed that the network characteristics of the North American region marked the differences between the eastern and western regions. Such differences can be viewed as a reflection of the presence of a large network community on the west side of the continent. To depict the nonlinearity and uncertainty in the climate, information theory is introduced to construct the complex network of climate. Donges et al. (2009a, b) used complex networks to uncover a backbone structure carrying matter and energy in the global surface air temperature field. They used mutual information (MI) to construct the network, which was undirected because the mutual information was symmetric, in order to measure the dynamical similarity of surface air temperature between regions. Hlinka et al. (2013) investigated the reliability of directed climate networks being built by conditional mutual information (CMI), using dimensionality-reduced surface air temperature data. Compared with MI, CMI is asymmetric and able to build directed networks for global surface air temperature. However, both MI and CMI are standard bivariate methods, which only describe the interactions between two spatial points without considering the influence of the others. The same is true of the correlation. A probabilistic graph is an efficient method to describe the nonlinear interactions within the system from a holistic perspective (Koller and Friedman, 2009). Furthermore, similar to seismology and climate science, the ionosphere is also distributed geographically. The ionospheric variation involves spatial interactions and flows. These research studies propose a possibility that approaches from the perspective of complex networks may also shed new light on ionospheric features. In this article, a probabilistic graph is employed to model the dynamic processes within the ionosphere and build the ionospheric complex network.
Within the global ionosphere, there are interactions among the variations over different positions. Variations over one position may cause variations over other positions. The motivation of the current study is to explore the causal interactions between the vertical total electron content (VTEC) over different positions or cells of a global ionosphere map (GIM) within the global ionosphere based on the directed complex network. Hence, we can have a deep understanding of the dynamic processes within the ionosphere. We interpret the dynamic ionospheric processes as the information flow in the directed network and explore the ionospheric characteristics on a global scale. The VTEC dataset supplied by the Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) in 2012 is selected.
The article is organized as follows. The data and method description are provided in Sect. 2. Furthermore, the results about the patterns of the ionospheric interactions are presented in Sect. 3. The scale-free topology of the ionospheric network is checked by conducting a power-law hypothesis test. The distribution of the edge distances is calculated to analyze the propagation of the dynamic processes in the ionosphere. The small-world structure of the ionospheric network is explored to examine the stability of the ionosphere. Section 4 discusses the summaries and conclusions.
2.1 VTEC data source
As a critical physical quantity of the ionosphere, VTEC carries abundant information about the variations of the ionosphere (Ercha et al., 2015). The International Global Navigation Satellite System Service (IGS) supplies global VTEC data with 2 h time resolution. The dataset is determined from more than 200 IGS stations on a global scale (Wei et al., 2009). CODE, as one of the analysis centers of IGS, has estimated VTEC from the dual-frequency code and phase data of GPS since April 1998 (Guo et al., 2015). In the current research, VTEC data are derived from CODE (ftp://ftp.aiub.unibe.ch/CODE/) in the form of a GIM. The GIM ranges from −180 to 180∘ along the longitude and from −87.5 to 87.5∘ along the latitude. The negative values stand for the south latitude and west longitude. The size of an elementary GIM cell is 5∘ along the longitude and 2.5∘ along the latitude. Each GIM cell is defined as a variable, which is a node in the ionospheric network. The VTEC data over the GIM cells are the observations. For the decrease of the computation by reducing the variables' quantity, the size of the GIM cells has been doubled. Therefore, the latitude and longitude of GIM cells become 5 and 10∘. The number of variables (GIM cells) is 36×36, which is 1296, because 180 and are the same for longitude. In this paper, we select the data from 2012.
2.2 Mapping the data to a complex network
As a complex system, the ionosphere is usually characterized by the presence of multiple interrelated aspects, which are spatially distributed. Affected by various factors, the ionosphere also involves a significant amount of uncertainty. Moreover, our observations are always noisy; even observed aspects are often measured with some error. Thus, probability needs to be used to represent such random properties. Furthermore, a probabilistic graph can efficiently describe the nonlinearity within the system from a holistic perspective (Koller and Friedman, 2009). As a result, a probabilistic graph is selected to model the interrelation and uncertainty in the ionosphere. We describe the GIM data as the realization of a multivariate probabilistic graph on the global spatial grid.
Probabilistic graphs use a graph-based representation as the basis for compactly encoding a complex probabilistic distribution over a high-dimensional space (Koller and Friedman, 2009). A probabilistic graph is a useful way of visualizing interactions between multiple variables. Therefore, in addition to inference, probabilistic graphs can also be used to discover the knowledge within the dataset. As a kind of complex network, probabilistic graphs are constructed to represent a joint distribution by making conditional independence (CI) assumptions. The nodes in the networks represent variables, and the edges represent CI assumptions (Murphy, 2012). The absence of an edge between two nodes implies that the corresponding variables are conditionally independent given all other nodes. Based on the probability theory, we say variables X and Y are CI if the conditional joint distribution can be written as a product of conditional marginal:
In our study, X and Y are the two given GIM cells and Z represents the GIM cells except X and Y. Thus, the analysis is performed from a holistic perspective. As suggested in Zerenner et al. (2014), a directed complex network can offer additional knowledge, like the distinction between child and parent nodes. Thus, we construct the ionospheric networks that only include directed edges between GIM cells. Suppose two GIM cells are not directly connected (conditionally independent) within the ionospheric network, there should be no interactions between these cells after eliminating all of the existing edges. The directed edges here represent the causal interactions. In other words, after the variations of VTEC over a certain GIM cell, there are some related variations appearing over other GIM cells. In the following, the construction of the directed ionospheric network (also known as a Bayesian probabilistic graph or Bayesian network) is introduced to describe the dynamic processes in the global ionosphere. Dynamic processes are constituted by a series of causal interactions among the GIM cells. Conditional independence tests involving sets of variables can be used to determine the existence and direction of edges (Ebert-Uphoff and Deng, 2012).
The cells in the GIMs are defined as the variables of VTEC distributed throughout the globe. As the nodes on the network, the variables are separated by their own geospatial locations. The VTEC of each variable is arranged in the form of a time series with 2 h time resolution. Thus, for the year 2012, the length of the observations is 4392 (). We employ a structure learning algorithm for Bayesian networks as a basis for the construction of the ionospheric networks. In our study, the measurements of the 1296 variables are all continuous. To build the directed network, we should determine the existence and directions of edges between any two variables from a holistic perspective instead of just considering the two. The Fast Greedy Equivalence Search (FGS) algorithm proposed by Ramsey et al. (2017) works well for large numbers of continuous variables to build Bayesian networks. This algorithm utilizes the strategy that edges are iteratively added starting with an empty network, according to maximal increases in the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) score (Schwarz, 1978). Here, the variables' distributions are assumed to be Gaussian. We use the implementation of the FGS algorithm in the TETRAD package (Version 5.3.0-2, available at http://www.phil.cmu.edu/projects/tetrad/, last access: 22 March 2018) and make the penalty discount 10. TETRAD possesses a convenient user interface to enter preknowledge. As the ionospheric network includes 1296 nodes and 10 985 directed edges in the globe, it is hard to fully present such a complex network. Here, we exhibit part of the ionospheric network. The result is shown in Fig. 1.
3.1 Degree distribution of the ionospheric network
To explore the influence of the VTEC's variation over a certain GIM cell, the degree of the ionospheric complex network is employed. As one of the most critical parameters to depict the nodes in a complex network, the degree is the number of edges the node possesses. Concerning ionospheric networks, the degree of a cell can be selected to quantify how many GIM cells display a causal interaction with that given cell in the globe; that is to say, cells with a large degree can influence large numbers of GIM cells. In the complex network, “hubs” refer to the nodes with large numbers of links that significantly exceed the average. Hubs have a significant effect on the system, which is described by the network. The emergence of hubs results from the scale-free property of networks (Barabási and Albert, 1999). Hence, to study the hub positions where the dynamic ionospheric processes mainly originate or converge, we have to check the scale-free topology of the degree distribution of the ionospheric network. The degree distribution is the probability distribution of these degrees over the whole network. For the directed ionospheric network, the degree distribution is divided into two different kinds, the out-degree distribution (the distribution of outgoing edges) and the in-degree distribution (the distribution of incoming edges). The degree distributions of the ionospheric network are shown in Fig. 2.
It has been reported that real complex networks often exhibit scale-free properties (Barabási and Albert, 1999). This means their degree distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotically; that is, the number of links of a given node exhibits a power-law distribution, , where k is the number of links. P(k) can be calculated by the statistical frequency, and γ is a parameter whose value is typically in the range . From the distributions shown in Fig. 2, it is hard to determine whether the observed degree is drawn from a power-law distribution or not. Clauset et al. (2009) presented a principled statistical framework for discerning power-law behavior in empirical data. As for the method shown in Clauset et al. (2009), we have tested the power-law hypothesis quantitatively. Both the results of the out-degree and in-degree distribution reject the hypothesis, indicating that the ionospheric network is not scale-free. Thus, most GIM cells have approximately the same number of edges, indicating that the causal interactions shown by the network of the global ionosphere are homogeneous. For the dynamic processes in the ionosphere, there is no unique spatial position acting as the source or sink. This property is completely different from that of the geomagnetic field. In other words, there are no visible hub GIM cells for the ionospheric variations. Moreover, from the curves of distribution fitting shown in Fig. 2, we can see that both the distributions are more likely Poisson, just like the network of climate (Tsonis et al., 2007).
3.2 Distribution of the edge distances
The propagation of the dynamic processes is related to the transmission of energy or particles in the ionosphere. To analyze such a transport property, the distribution of the edge distances is calculated. The edge distance is defined by the geographical distance between the origin and destination of an edge. The height of the VTEC supplied by CODE is H = 450 km. As the measurements are on the earth which can be regarded as a sphere, the distances between any two positions can be calculated by the arc lengths on the sphere d=Rθ, where , R0 is the earth radius and θ is the corresponding central angle. Compared with the undirected probabilistic graphs, the directed ones can provide additional knowledge about the directions of the causal interactions within the ionosphere. To study the directional characteristics of the propagation of the dynamic ionospheric processes, the edge distances are mapped in the latitude and longitude directions.
The latitudinal distances are calculated by , where lat1 and lat2 are the latitudes of the origin and destination of the given edge. Meanwhile, the longitudinal distances are calculated by , where long1 and long2 are the longitudes of the origin and destination of the given edge. As the radii of different latitudinal circles are different, the radius of an equivalent latitudinal circle is calculated by the average of the radii of the two latitude circles on which the origin and destination of the given edge are located; i.e., . The positive signs of the distances represent the directions of edges and can either be eastward or northward. The result is shown in Fig. 3.
As is shown in Fig. 3a, the edges are mainly distributed around the origin of the coordinate system in the ionospheric network. Thus, the GIM cells are mostly connected with their spatial neighbors. The local connections indicate that, in the ionosphere, the propagation of the dynamic processes is primarily affected by the geospatial distance and almost satisfies the proximity principle in geospace. Furthermore, from the approximate symmetry along the x axis in Fig. 3b and c, we can discover that it is almost the same for the westward and eastward propagation of the dynamic processes, and also for the southward and northward. From Fig. 3b and c, we can see that the number of edges decreases as the absolute value of latitudinal and longitudinal distance increases. This phenomenon also reveals that the local interactions account for a considerable proportion in the ionospheric network. The proximal propagation may be due to the diffusion effects of charged particles in the ionosphere. In addition, comparing the standard deviations (SDs) of the edges' longitudinal and latitudinal distances, which are 0.53 and 0.28, we find that the distribution curve in the latitude direction is steeper than that in the longitude direction. Therefore, the rate of decrease along the latitude is larger than that along the longitude. Accordingly, the dynamic processes are propagated more efficiently along the longitude than along the latitude. Such a phenomenon may relate to the north–south currents or geomagnetic field in the ionosphere. Moreover, the ionospheric network is not entirely connected locally. Long-range edges emerge both along the latitude and longitude. The long-range propagation may be caused by the geomagnetic field or other global factors. Thus, the ionospheric network possesses a primarily ordered structure with some exceptional long-range connections.
3.3 Small-world structure of the ionospheric network
As for a complex network, the concept of being “stable” is defined as the high capability of the dynamics in the network to withstand disturbance attacks. In other words, the topology structure of the stable network cannot be easily destroyed and the dynamics can still be propagated throughout the network, even when some edges are removed by the disturbance attacks. “Efficient” is defined as the ability of rapid and easy propagation of dynamics in the network. In this subsection, we explore the small-world structure of the ionospheric network to examine the stability and efficiency of the ionosphere, which is regarded as a dynamical system.
Lying between the completely random and completely regular network, the small-world network is a type of graph in which any given node is likely to reach every other node by a small number of steps compared with the total number of network nodes (Gallos et al., 2007). The “six degrees of separation” in social networks is one of the most famous examples. Watts and Strogatz (1998) initially found that some networks can be highly clustered, like regular lattices, yet have small characteristic path lengths, like random graphs. Networks of such a nature are called small-world networks. To investigate the small-world structure of the ionospheric network, the original network has to be reduced to an undirected graph (Abe and Suzuki, 2006, 2009). Furthermore, to mathematically describe the small-world property, two critical parameters are often selected, which are the average clustering coefficient C and the average shortest path length L. Their definitions are shown in Eqs. (2)–(2).
Here, Ci is the local clustering coefficient of node i; ki is the degree of node i and Δi denotes the number of edges between the neighbors of node i, with node i itself being excluded. The global clustering coefficient C is defined as the average of all local clustering coefficients Ci. N is the number of nodes and dij denotes the length of the shortest path between the nodes i and j; dij is calculated by Dijkstra's algorithm (Newman, 2010). Thus, C describes the local connections in the ionospheric networks, while L characterizes a network's connectivity structure globally (Zerenner et al., 2014).
To quantitatively define a small-world network, values for the network properties must be compared with those values acquired from the equivalent random networks, which have the same degree as the given network on average. A measurement of “small-world-ness” is proposed as follows (Humphries and Gurney, 2008; Humphries et al., 2011):
Here, C and L are the average clustering coefficient and the average shortest path length of the given network, while Cr and Lr are those of the equivalent random network. If the given network fulfills the conditions σ>1 and , it meets the small-world criterion. To reduce the impact of randomness during the analysis of the ionospheric network, the results shown in Fig. 4 are calculated by 150 random networks.
From Fig. 4a and c, we can see that the results all satisfy σ>1 and . Shown in Fig. 4b and d, the frequencies are approximately Gaussian, and the SDs are 0.028 and 0.035. Such small SDs indicate that the results are close to the real values (the averages) 6.64 and 8.08. Therefore, the ionospheric network behaves as a small-world graph. The propagation of the dynamic processes in the ionosphere exhibits a small-world property. As was defined by Watts and Strogatz (1998), the small-world network possesses a small average shortest path length (compared to the regular network) and a large clustering coefficient (compared to the random network). When the number of edges per node is high, networks have a high clustering coefficient. In this case, accidental removal of some edges does not break the network into unconnected parts; the network is stable. On the other hand, a small average shortest path length L means faraway nodes can be connected as easily as nearby nodes. The smaller the L, the easier the propagation in the network. Within the networks with small L, the propagation of dynamics is efficient. Thus, small-world networks are stable and efficient in reacting to the abrupt variations (Tsonis et al., 2007).
As is shown by the results above, the ionospheric network is small-world with a small average shortest path length and a large clustering coefficient. Thus, the ionospheric network exhibits properties of stable networks and of networks where dynamic processes are transferred efficiently. For example, a solar flare may create a disturbance in the ionosphere at high latitudes. However, the small-world property of the ionospheric network allows the system to respond quickly and coherently to the anomalies introduced into the system. This dynamic propagation diffuses local anomalies, thereby reducing the possibility of prolonged local extremes and providing greater stability for the global ionosphere system. Thus, chances of major ionospheric shifts are reduced. The above theory and its application to the ionosphere data suggest that the ionosphere system may be inherently stable and efficient in transferring dynamics. Just as the small-world property in the atmosphere does (Donges et al., 2009b), such an ionospheric property also results from the teleconnections beyond the geospatial distance in the ionospheric network. Such teleconnections play an important role in stabilizing the ionosphere system and cause the dynamic ionospheric processes to be transferred efficiently (Donges et al., 2009b; Tsonis et al., 2007).
The ionosphere can be regarded as a spatially extended complex system. Therefore, the complex network is used to analyze the dynamic processes in the global ionosphere based on the VTEC from CODE. As a Bayesian probabilistic graph, the ionospheric network is constructed based on the conditional independence theory by the FGS algorithm. The edges of the network represent the causal relationships between any two GIM cells from a holistic perspective. We have analyzed the structure of the directed ionospheric network. The results of the power-law hypothesis test show that both the out-degree and in-degree distribution of the ionospheric network are not scale-free. The ionospheric network is homogenous. None of the geospatial positions play an eminently important role in the propagation of dynamic ionospheric processes. The importance of the ionosphere over various spatial locations in the propagation of the ionospheric dynamic processes is similar. Based on the latitudinal and longitudinal distances between the beginnings and ends of the edges, the joint distribution is analyzed to explore the propagation of the dynamic processes in the ionosphere. The results show that the edges principally exist between adjacent geographical locations, indicating that the propagation of the dynamic processes mainly satisfies the proximity principle in the ionosphere. Moreover, the joint distribution of the edge latitudinal and longitudinal distances shows that the dynamic processes travel more efficiently along the longitude than along the latitude. Also, the small-world structure is studied to examine the stability of the ionosphere. The small-world-ness of the ionospheric network is found to be larger than 1. Meanwhile, the clustering coefficient is larger than those of the equal random networks. Thus, the ionospheric network possesses a small-world property, which makes the ionosphere stable and efficient in the propagation of the dynamic processes. In general, the complex network provides a unique perspective in ionosphere research. Depending on the choice of nodes, edges and methods, ionospheric networks may take different forms to study different properties of the ionosphere.
Code is available by email request.
VTEC data are derived from CODE (ftp://ftp.aiub.unibe.ch/CODE/) (AIUB, 2018) in the form of a global ionospheric map.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(41374154 and 41774156). We are grateful to Adam Woods from CIRES, University
of Colorado, David Skaggs Research Center, and Rolf Dach and Stefan Schaer
from the Astronomical Institute, University of Bern. They are all so kind to help us
with obtaining the data. Moreover, Shikun Lu would like to thank, in
particular, the ongoing and unwavering support from Taotao Sun over the
Edited by: Stéphane Vannitsem
Reviewed by: three anonymous referees
Abe, S. and Suzuki, N.: Main shocks and evolution of complex earthquake networks, Braz. J. Phys., 39, 428–430, 2009. a
AIUB: VTEC data, available at: ftp://ftp.aiub.unibe.ch/CODE/, last access: 22 March 2018.
Donges, J. F., Zou, Y., Marwan, N., and Kurths, J.: The backbone of the climate network, Europhys. Lett., 87, 48007–48012, 2009a. a
Donges, J. F., Zou, Y., Marwan, N., and Kurths, J.: Complex networks in climate dynamics – Comparing linear and nonlinear network construction methods, The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 174, 157–179, 2009b. a, b, c
Ebert-Uphoff, I. and Deng, Y.: A new type of climate network based on probabilistic graphical models: Results of boreal winter versus summer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19701-1–L19701-7, 2012. a
Ercha, A., Huang, W., Yu, S., Liu, S., Shi, L., Gong, J., Chen, Y., and Hua, S.: A regional ionospheric TEC mapping technique over China and adjacent areas on the basis of data assimilation, J. Geophys. Res.-Space, 120, 1–13, 2015. a
Gallos, L. K., Song, C., and Makse, H. A.: A review of fractality and self-similarity in complex networks, Physica A, 386, 686–691, 2007. a
Hlinka, J., Hartman, D., Vejmelka, M., Runge, J., Marwan, N., Kurths, J., and Palus, M.: Reliability of Inference of Directed Climate Networks Using Conditional Mutual Information, Entropy, 15, 2023–2045, 2013. a
Humphries, M. D. and Gurney, K.: Network 'small-world-ness': a quantitative method for determining canonical network equivalence, Plos One, 3, e0002051-1–e0002051-10, 2008. a
Humphries, M. D., Gurney, K., and Prescott, T. J.: The brainstem reticular formation is a small-world, not scale-free, network, P. Roy. Soc. B-Biol. Sci., 273, 503–511, 2011. a
Kelly, M.: The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics, 2nd edn., Academic Press (Elsevier), San Diego, CA, USA, 2009. a
Murphy, K. P.: Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2012. a
Newman, M.: Networks: An Introduction, Oxford University Press Inc., Oxford, UK, 2010. a
Nocke, T., Buschmann, S., Donges, J. F., Marwan, N., Schulz, H.-J., and Tominski, C.: Review: visual analytics of climate networks, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015. a
Peron, T. K. D., Comin, C. H., Amancio, D. R., da F. Costa, L., Rodrigues, F. A., and Kurths, J.: Correlations between climate network and relief data, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 1127–1132, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1127-2014, 2014. a
Podolská, K., Truhlík, V., and Tísková, L.: Analysis of ionospheric parameters using graphical models, in: EGU General Assembly Conference, 2–7 May 2010, Vienna, Austria, 2010. a
Podolská, K., Truhlík, V., and Tísková, L.: Study of Correlationships between Main Ionospheric Parameters by Stochastic Modeling, in: EGU General Assembly Conference, 22–27 April 2012, Vienna, Austria, 2012. a
Ramsey, J., Glymour, M., Sanchezromero, R., and Glymour, C.: A million variables and more: the Fast Greedy Equivalence Search algorithm for learning high-dimensional graphical causal models, with an application to functional magnetic resonance images, International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, 3, 121–129, 2017. a
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Wang, J., Jiang, C., Quek, T. Q., and Ren, Y.: The Value Strength Aided Information Diffusion in Online Social Networks, in: IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), 1–6, Washington, DC, USA, 2016a. a
Wang, J., Jiang, C., Quek, T. Q., Wang, X., and Ren, Y.: The Value Strength Aided Information Diffusion in Socially-Aware Mobile Networks, IEEE Access, 4, 3907–3919, 2016b. a
Wei, N., SHI, and Zou, R.: Analysis and Assessments of IGS Products Consistencies, Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 34, 1363–1367, 2009. a
Zerenner, T., Friederichs, P., Lehnertz, K., and Hense, A.: A Gaussian graphical model approach to climate networks, Chaos an Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 24, 023103-1–023103-10, 2014. a, b, c | <urn:uuid:5c0c802f-ded2-4d3b-84f1-27dd59b9e635> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/25/233/2018/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.895267 | 7,190 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Freeing God's Children: The Unlikely Alliance for Global Human Rights
Dr. Allen Hertzke, internationally recognized expert on religion and politics, as well as author, frequent news commentator and international lecturer, presented the 9th annual Paul B. Henry Lecture.
His recently published book by the same name provides a window into the changing religious landscape (in the United States and globally) as religious leaders focus attention on human rights concerns and form unlikely a lliances between religious organizations and other interest groups. Dr. Hertzke challenges the assumption that modernization in our world automatically leads to the secularization of society, asserting instead that in the face of global Christianity and r enewed activism, the role of faith in individuals' lives is leading in the opposite direction.
Hertzke, Allen, "Freeing God's Children: The Unlikely Alliance for Global Human Rights" (2004). Paul B. Henry Lectures. 11. | <urn:uuid:2e0c80fc-2d80-429d-bccc-d5c1fb192bb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.calvin.edu/henry_lectures/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.874669 | 234 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Maggie Lena Walker Biography, Life, Interesting Facts
Maggie Lena Walker was an African American businesswoman. Despite her race and disability, she became the first African American to charter a bank in the US.
The Entrepreneur, Maggie Lena Walker was born on 15th July 1864 in Richmond, Virginia two years after the end of the American Civil War. Her parents were Elizabeth Draper Mitchell and Lena Mitchell.
While her father was a writer and butler, her mother was a former slave who worked as a cook at Church Hill mansion.
Together with her brother, they grew in College Alley. At a young age, she lost her father living the two children under the care of their mother.
Early life and education
Maggie Lena Walker went to Lancaster School before joining Richmond Colored Normal School. Both schools were Black American schools.
While still a student she became a member of St. Luke, a fraternal organization. The organization aimed at improving African American's lives both socially and financially.
She completed her training as a teacher in 1883. After completing her education, she returned to her former school where she taught for three years.
Maggie Lena Walker was forced to quit her job as a teacher after her marriage to Armstead Walker Jr. The school’s policy was against married teachers.
Over the next few years, she worked for St. Luke while looking after her family. Her exceptional performance saw her rise to the deputy matron ranks of Order.
Two years after giving birth to her second born child, Maggie Lena Walker was elected as the Order of St. Luke’s Secretary. The organization was on the verge of bankruptcy.
Her first significant action in the organization was opening the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank after that she offered African-American women opportunities and access to affordable goods.
Maggie’s leadership in the bank saw its membership rise to 50,000 in 1,500 local chapters. Despite the fall of several banks during the depression Maggie managed to merge St. Luke with another bank.
After losing her second born child, another tragedy struck Maggie Lena Walker in 1915. She mistook her father for an intruder and shot him.
Having killed him, she was tried for murder but was found innocent. During that time Maggie was seen to have diabetes. Despite her condition, she continued with her work.
She made a failed attempt to run for the seat of superintendent of public instruction in 1921.
Maggie Lena Walker married Armstead Walker Jr in 1886. She gave birth to her first child, Russell and her second in 1893. Her second child, however, died as an infant.
The last few years of her life saw Maggie confined to a wheelchair because of her diabetic condition. Maggie Lena Walker died on 15th December 1934 at the age of 70.
Her body was laid to rest at Evergreen Cemetery at Richmond. The National Parks Service purchased her home and converted it to a historic site.
In honor of Maggie, Richmond Public Schools constructed built Maggie L. Walker High School. In addition to that National Register of Historic Places converted her house to a museum. | <urn:uuid:af2601fc-79dc-4d61-b500-d57d2ac7e064> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sunsigns.org/famousbirthdays/d/profile/maggie-lena-walker/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.986595 | 664 | 3.171875 | 3 |
80,000 people died of the flu last winter in US
The U.S. government estimates that 80,000 Americans died of flu and its complications last winter — the disease’s highest death toll in at least four decades.
Private Medicare Plans Faulted by Watchdog Over Denials of Care
A new federal watchdog report warns that privately run Medicare health plans used by millions of older Americans may be improperly denying patients medical care.
Federal employee health-care premiums to rise 1.5 percent on average for 2019
The enrollee share of premiums in the health-care program for federal employees and retirees will increase by 1.5 percent on average in 2019, although there will be decreases in some plans, including in the two Blue Cross and Blue Shield options that account for nearly two-thirds of enrollees, the government announced Wednesday.
Why nearly 4 in 10 people on Medicare skip their doctor’s visits
Medicare can help defray retirees’ health-care costs, but it’s no panacea. Some beneficiaries in the program are delaying medical attention due to the expense.
Small business owners say health care costs is biggest issue they face: survey
Small Business Owners say that the most important issue affecting them is the cost of health care, according to the National Small Business Association’s annual Politics of Small Business Survey.
The unclear benefits of drug price coalitions
Each of the predominant health care consulting firms — Aon, Mercer and Willis Towers Watson — has its own prescription drug coalition made up of employers. | <urn:uuid:7fe5b048-1d11-4bbd-951a-cebfd9e73e85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nysblues.org/2018/09/27/health-headlines-for-thursday-september-27/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947214 | 332 | 1.71875 | 2 |
For this case, it is strongly recommended listening to the lecture you can find at: http://www.unicistinstitute.net/blog/unicist-future-research-the-archetype-of-the-usa/
Based on the research on the Archetype of the USA, its purpose is growth and its active function is given by the propensity to dare while achieving its “dream” within a credibility context.
The catalyst of the evolution of the American archetype is its institutionalization that accelerates its evolution. Institutionalization is materialized in the democratic rules of the society.
The icon of the cultural dream is the American Flag. Daring implies doing in terms of concrete operational actions to achieve growth and surpass the well-being achieved by the preceding generations.
The social pressure towards growth within a context of being a leading culture in the world generates uncertainty in the coming generations that fosters the need for addictions to avoid the responsibility to produce growth.
The minimum strategy of the archetype fosters thinking, driven by the personal objectives and within the limits of the personal credibility. That is why the USA archetype includes a multi-minority approach.
This minimum strategy provides the necessary context to develop hard technologies that sustain the economic activities of the maximal strategy.
Personal credibility is the entropy inhibitor of the American archetype. As wealth sustains the perception of security, personal credibility requires having solved the necessary financial situation that makes an individual credible.
Daring, dreaming, credibility and thinking integrated to achieve growth require a strong ethical environment that needs to be sustained by the judiciary system. Lying is unacceptable because it destroys the credibility and transparency of the archetype.
Understanding and respecting the archetype of the USA will be extremely useful to develop global and local businesses.
Access the unicist standard contained in the Unicist Business Search Engine:
Request more information: firstname.lastname@example.org
NOTE: The Unicist Research Institute is the major research organization in the world in its specialty based on more than 3,000 researches in complexity science applied to individual, institutional and social evolution.
If you would like to receive monthly information on this blog, please register here. | <urn:uuid:eb98aa50-5e1f-40c7-92cf-c723f0479f39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.unicist.org/conceptual-thinking/unicist-strategy-the-archetype-of-the-usa-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.901024 | 463 | 1.640625 | 2 |
In this guide, we will show you the steps to Produce Germicides in Nigeria. Here, you will find the ingredients and methods to produce germicides in Nigeria for commercial and domestics use.
Taking a proper look at the nation’s economy; the high rate of unemployment of graduates of tertiary institutions in the country, the high cost of living, inflation of goods and services and instability in the worth of our naira value in the foreign exchange market among various other detrimental economic situations in our dear country, one do not further need a soothsayer before we can easily realize the need for learning a skill and getting multiple sources of income.
Read Also: How To Produce Insecticides In Nigeria
The production of germicides should not be a farfetched option to any citizen of Nigeria as it requires very low starting capital, little manpower, consumes little time and energy, its target market cuts across all caliber of people and its demand is not limited by a particular season or climate condition.
Germicides are disinfectants that kills pathogenic (disease causing) organisms. These organisms are called germs and substances used to kill them or control their spread are called germicides. Germs cause illness and infections to man, hence, the need to limit its spread or activity cannot be overemphasized.
Germicides are used worldwide to ensure proper hygiene and sound health of mankind, however, in our dear country, the most common germicides produced and produced are Izal, Dettol, Nittol and Septol to mention but a few.
They are used to clean various surfaces such as toilet, sinks, floors, drains, door knobs, counters and trash cans. They are also used in homes, hospitals, restaurants, eateries, schools and hotels.
Ingredients to Produce Germicides in Nigeria
Without further ado, let us take a look at the ingredients for making germicides and the function each ingredient has in the overall performance and germ killing activity of a germicide. The ingredients (chemicals) used in the production of a germicide include:
Texapon: This is a thick pale substance which acts as a boosting agent in the production of germicides.
Phenol: This is a white aromatic solid which kills germs. It is an acidic benzene derivative and could also be in its liquid form. The volatile acidic compound, also called carbolic acid, must be treated and handled with caution because of the corrosive nature of acids.
Concentrate: This is also a very active agent in the germicide and also kills germs as it is a very poisonous acidic compound. It also must be handled with caution to prevent corrosion and burns.
Booster: As the name implies, it boosts the quantity of germicide produced. One of the sole aims of any good entrepreneur should be to produce quality products and also at a higher yield so as to maximize profit. The germicide booster is always available to help you achieve this.
Pine oil: This is an important oil and is produced from steam distillation of different species of pine. It serves as a cleaning agent in the germicide.
Beyond killing germs, germicides also serve as cleaning agents and the pine oil is the major cleaning agent in the germicide. It is also the basic ingredient that provides the characteristic scent of germicides.
Carboxylic acid: This is a natural occurring acid found in some plants and animals. For instance, acetic acid can be found in vinegar and formic acid can be found in insect stings, amino acids also possess the carboxylic acid functional group, alongside with the amine functional group.
It is also one of the ingredients of the germicide responsible for killing germs. Because, it is a naturally occurring acid, it is less corrosive than other acids stated, however, it must also be properly handled as it could be required in a concentrated form.
Lyzol: This ingredient serves doubly as a disinfecting (germ killing) agent and also serves as a cleaning agent.
Whitener: This provides the characteristic whit colour of the germicide.
Water: Considering the acid content of most ingredients used, it is very necessary that enough water is used in the production of germicides, so as to dilute the concentration of the acids, that the germicide may be quite mild enough to our skin or respiratory tracts when inhaled but still tough enough to the germs.
Nonetheless, as much as possible, we should avoid direct contact of germicides with our skin or eye and also prevent excessive inhalation. Water also serves as a liquefying agent, to make the germicide less thickened than it would have been if all the ingredients were ordinarily added together.
Read Also: 10 Best Cleaning Product In Nigeria
Recipe For Production Of 5 Liters Germicide
The ingredients stated above must be adequately mixed in a given proportion, so as to enable effective germ killing ability and cleaning power of the germicide.
The recipe given below is for the production of 5 liters germicide and the recipe could be slashed or multiplied based on the quantity of germicide to be produced:
- 1 cup of texapol
- 1 cup of phenol
- 1 cup of concentrate
- 1 cup of booster
- ½ cup of pine oil
- 1 cup of carboxylic acid
- 1 cup of Lysol
- 1 cup of whitener
- 3 liters of water
Procedure to Produce Germicides in Nigeria
- Add texapol and phenol to a neatly dried bowl and ensure that a homogeneous mixture is formed (texapol dissolves in phenol).
- Add pine oil and stir well.
- Add Lysol and stir properly too.
- Add the booster and keep stirring.
- Add two liters of water to prepare a suitable medium for the acid to be added.
- Dilute the carboxylic acid with water, add the whitener to it and then, add it to the other ingredients previously stirred. Keep stirring properly
- Add the concentrate and keep stirring.
- Pour the remaining liter of water to the mixture and stir properly.
Now you see you’re only eight steps away from making that extra fund and being a part of keeping your community clean and free from germs.
Also, do not forget that the package design of any product goes a long way in telling its prospective customers how elegant and/or effective its content is. Do well, to properly package and market your product well so as to get an extra edge above competitors’ products.
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👉 Make Money as InfoGuideNigeria Advertising Agents, read more here | <urn:uuid:f6b19f79-5ad1-4837-b44e-22b095eb85cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://infoguidenigeria.com/steps-ingredients-produce-germicides-nigeria/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.933611 | 1,692 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Jaume Plensa, Anna, 2015.
Jaume Plensa, (Barcelona, 1955) is a world-renowned sculptor best known for his constructions in the public space resembling the heads of women that are multiple meters tall. With their eyes closed, they have an almost meditative expression. Plensa's much-acclaimed exhibition at the Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore during the Venice Biennale of 2015 perfectly encapsulated this characteristic atmosphere of reflection and repentance.
Plensa has completed over thirty major projects in cities such as Chicago, Dubai, Liverpool, London, Nice, Tokyo, Toronto, and Vancouver. Plensa has received many awards, including the Medal de Chevalier des Arts et Lettres and the Velázquez Prize for the Arts in 2013. In 2015, his work Duna was shown as part of the ARTZUID route. In 2017 he received The Ten-Year Award for his 2004 Crown Fountain in Chicago’s Millennium Park. The work, which displays videos of the faces of hundreds of Chicago's inhabitants, remains a highlight of his oeuvre. Also famous is his monumental work, Love, one of eleven fountains created for Leeuwarden - Friesland European Capital of Culture 2018. While his sculptures are frequently on display in public places and museums all over the world, they have rarely been seen in the Netherlands. | <urn:uuid:13e1a099-ea92-4ea6-bbbf-ad96a5633612> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sothebys.com/en/museums/museum-beelden-aan-zee/exhibitions/jaume-plensa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958848 | 296 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (hereafter, Sri Lanka) concluded its 26 years-long internal war with Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in May 2009. During the internal war, up to 40,000 civilians were reportedly killed in the war zones and 290,000 persons were internally displaced. Furthermore, both the State military and LTTE are accused for a series of serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. However, domestic accountability processes established under the former-President Mahinda Rajapaksa regime failed to lead to prosecutions for grave human rights violations, including the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC).
In March 2014, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution on “Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/25/L.1/Rev.1)”, which requested the Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) to investigate into alleged serious violations of human rights and related crimes committed by the Government and LTTE during the period covered by LLRC. This was the first credible investigation into what happened in the final stage of the internal war. This OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL) report was released in September 2015 at the 30th session of the Human Rights Council.
Peacebuilding and Human Rights Advocacy
With its partners, the IMADR Asia Committee has facilitated awareness raising campaigns and advocacy to promote peace, human rights and non-discrimination. Victim-centered approaches are applied for those campaigns and advocacy. Since before the conclusion of the internal war, the Asia Committee has conducted fact-finding missions to document human rights violations, especially in the Eastern and Northern provinces. Through these activities, the Asia Committee helped to form women’s groups in local villages which have empowered girls and women to participate in decision-making processes and promote ethnic and religious harmony.
International Advocacy and the UN Human Rights Mechanisms
To bring voices of victims of human rights violations from Sri Lanka, IMADR has engaged with the UN human rights mechanisms, with a particular focus on the Human Rights Council. It has addressed a wide range of issues including accountability, enforced disappearances, torture, IDPs, rule of law, arbitrary detention, civil society space, women’s human rights, minority rights, freedom of religion or belief, freedom of expression and assembly. IMADR has tirelessly advocated for the resolutions on Sri Lanka adopted by the Human Rights Council.
Human Rights Council resolutions on Sri Lanka
- 2012: Promoting reconciliation and accountability in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/19/2)
- 2013: Promoting reconciliation and accountability in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/22/1)
- 2014: Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/25/1)
- 2015: Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/30/1)
- 2017: Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/34/1)
- 2019: Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/40/1)
- 2021: Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/46/1)
At times of review of Sri Lanka, IMADR has engaged with the UN treaty bodies such as the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), the Human Rights Committee and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).
Discrimination based on Work and Descent
With partnership of Human Development Organisation (HDO), the Asia Committee has cooperated for advocacy and research to improve the living conditions of tea plantation workers whose ancestors were mostly Dalits brought from South India during the British colonial time. Today, many plantation workers continue to work as day laborers in adverse conditions and suffer poverty.
IMADR Asia Committee was set up in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 1989. Since the establishment, the Committee and its partners have addressed multiple forms of discrimination in Sri Lanka through national and international advocacy, arising out of its engagement with communities to combat racism. Leadership of the Asia Committee has been involved in inter-ethnic and inter-religious activities for over 30 years at the community level, as well as in the promotion of reconciliation among all communities.
- ・Sri Lanka: Joint NGO Statement in Solidarity with Sri Lankan Human Rights Defender Ambika Satkunanathan
- ・Role of civil society in conflict prevention and minority rights protection (FMI14, 2021, OS)
- ・Accountability and enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka (HRC48, 2021, Joint-OS)
- ・High Commissioner’s oral updates on Afghanistan and Sri Lanka (HRC48, 2021, OS)
- ・Sri Lanka: Release Hejaaz Hizbullah and others denied due process under abusive law
- ・Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (HRC46, 2021, OS)
- ・Open NGO letter for UN Human Rights Council’s actions on Sri Lanka
- ・Centre for Policy Alternatives (CPA)
- ・Human Development Organization (HDO)
- ・IMADR Asia Committee
- ・Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
- ・OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka
- ・Rights Now Collective for Democracy | <urn:uuid:21424ef3-b44d-4bf9-891e-04ef034ba744> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imadr.org/activity/srilanka/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.924988 | 1,143 | 2.609375 | 3 |
If you haven’t yet seen David Attenborough’s new Netflix documentary A Life on Our Planet, you should. As a self-described “witness statement” on the state of our world from one of the most widely traveled and respected naturalists of our time, it’s sobering viewing. And its message deeply aligns with our mission in the College of Global Futures.
And yet for all its warnings of a planet in crisis, I found Attenborough’s perspective somewhat limited while watching the documentary, compelling as it is.
Like many Brits of my generation, I have a soft spot for David Attenborough. I grew up in the 1970’s transfixed by his captivating enthusiasm for the natural world, and the unique glimpses he gave us into the hidden lives of the plants and animals around us. One of my more enduring memories of that time is rushing home from church on a Sunday evening where my father was the local pastor, to watch the latest episode of the TV series The World About Us.
And then of course, there was the genre-defining documentary series that transformed Attenborough’s career, Life On Earth.
Looking back, it’s shocking to realize that Attenborough was in his early 50’s when Life on Earth first aired in 1979 — not far off my age now. The series marked the beginning of a new phase in his long career, and paved the way for forty more years of ground-breaking television that transformed how we saw and understood the natural world, and that inspired a generation and beyond to think differently about the planet we live on.
A Life On Our Planet is, in many ways, a culmination of this personal journey that began for David Attenborough with Life On Earth. Except, in place of the awe and wonder that permeates that initial series, it’s threaded through with a deep sadness as Attenborough reveals the decimation of the natural world that he’s seen unfolding before his eyes over the past half a century.
This is, as Attenborough describes it, a personal witness statement on the state of the planet. It’s his first-hand observations of how the world has changed in his lifetime, and the gut-wrenching projections of where we’re heading if these trends continue.
Here, Attenborough paints a bleak picture, and one that’s been validated time and time again by scientists around the globe as they’ve warned against our profligate disregard for the planet we inhabit and rely on.
Yet Attenborough ends on a positive note. This, he tells us, is a catastrophe that can be avoided. And the pathway forward is not hard: Have fewer children, increase our wild spaces, use the land we do occupy more efficiently, transition to renewable energy sources, and eat less meat.
In this way, he argues, we have the possibility of re-stabilizing the planet–not necessarily for Planet Earth’s sake, because life will find a way regardless, but for our sake as a species, as we strive to thrive in an environment that we’re precipitously close to destroying.
These are not new ideas of course, but they are presented clearly and compellingly in the documentary. And here, Attenborough’s experience and authority make him worth listening to. Yet, for all their relevance, I worry that these fixes for a more sustainable future are, on their own, little more than naive dreams.
The problem is, people are complex. More than this, our social interactions, expectations and aspirations are messy, and near-impossible to control with any degree of predictability or moral certitude And because of this, simple solutions to global problems rarely if ever succeed in the harsh light of social, economic and political reality.
To make things harder still, when we try and force seemingly simple solutions onto people, we quickly end up in ethically uncertain territory as we sacrifice what’s important to others in our rush to protect what’s important to ourselves. And as we do, we risk slipping into an “immoral logic” where morally questionable actions in the present are justified on the basis of imagined–but far from certain–futures.
Attenborough stays well away from such an immoral logic. But each of his proposed approaches to building a sustainable future risks running into social and ethical quandaries if humanity’s complexity isn’t factored in.
Population reduction for instance, has a long and sordid history of good intentions leading to deeply immoral ideas and actions. Reducing the amount of managed land (or ocean) around the earth rapidly runs into political and ideological barriers that cannot be discounted by simply saying that its opponents are ignorant, misguided, or simply bad people. Beyond certain limits, telling people what they can and cannot eat is a social minefield. And while innovative solutions to challenges like energy transitions and land use are desperately needed, these rely on the very same socioeconomic ecosystems that often lead to problematic behaviors in the first place.
In other words, much as we might want to, we cannot separate planet from people as we strive to build a sustainable future. Whether we like it or not, humanity, with all of our foibles, eccentricities, dreams, desires, vices and capabilities, is at the heart of our pathway toward a better tomorrow. We may dream of simple fixes, transformative technologies, and sustainable solutions. But unless the outsized role of people is factored in–together with what is important to us individually and en mass–these will fail.
Of course, to build a vibrant, sustainable and just future–remembering that sustainability is not necessarily synonymous with vibrancy and justice–we need new technologies and innovative approaches to future-building. But these must be developed within a broader understanding of the social, ethical, economic and political landscape around us if they’re to succeed. And this is fiendishly difficult to get a handle on.
The good news is that there is growing expertise around the understanding and knowledge that’s necessary to do this.
As we develop this expertise, we’re learning how to approach future-building in ways that transcend notions of simple fixes that conveniently ignore human complexities. But for these to flourish, we need to move beyond naive and misguided ideas of how we can fix the future, if only people would do as they are told.
Despite this, David Attenborough’s A Life On Our Planet is well worth watching as a personal and heartfelt witness statement from someone who’s seen the harm that our human profligacy and short-sightedness is causing. And its emphasis on simple solutions aside, who knows, maybe it’ll inspire more people to grapple with the complex challenges of building a better future before it’s too late.
Because whichever way you look at it, the one thing we can’t afford to do is to stand by and do nothing. | <urn:uuid:02650653-6b22-4f42-a566-6ef9e091adc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collegeofglobalfutures.asu.edu/blog/2020/10/08/david-attenboroughs-call-to-action-in-a-life-on-our-planet-is-compelling-but-flawed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.937988 | 1,456 | 2.1875 | 2 |
E Y E W I T N E S S R E P O R T / O P I N I O N
by Dovid Katz
With attention focused on the government-permission-granted central Vilnius neo-Nazi march slated for Lithuania’s March 11th independence day — now the subject of an international petition on Change.org — there was minimal foreign interest in today’s independence day neo-Nazi march and demonstration in central Kaunas, Lithuania’s second city. The March 11th independence day marks the date in 1990 when Lithuania declared independence from the Soviet Union. Today’s holiday is on the date of the 1918 declaration of independence which heralded the rise of the modern Lithuanian state in the twentieth century. Both dates are revered by the country’s diverse minorities and factions. They represent freedom from oppression and foreign domination, and celebrate the building of a free and democratic state.
But in recent years, both dates have been hijacked by neo-Nazi groups in the heart of the country’s major cities, with the support of some members of parliament and leading political figures. There is, moreover, the proverbial blind eye of much or most of the elite classes, which serves as a contributing catalyst. | <urn:uuid:f9dd7951-c9c5-4924-b9d1-1eea461b321a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://defendinghistory.com/category/kaunas-neo-nazi-marches/page/3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.939016 | 258 | 2.125 | 2 |
I’m using docker to start multiple isaac sim container in one machine, trying to mapping different host port to the docker port. But it didn’t work, here is a few question :
what ports do I need to map ? In the official doc it 's 8211 which used to connect the streaming client ,and I found another port is 8899, which is hard-coded in the client’s file. However, when I start the docker I can see that docker maps several ranges of ports, are all these ports used ? Do I need to map them to different host port as well?
the client’s html file has hard-coded the web-socket port to 8899. Does that mean I must modify the client’s source code to connect to a different port ?
Hi. The default port for the html server is 8211. You can run another instance of Isaac Sim with a different port using this flag --/exts/omni.services.transport.server.http/port=8311. Technically, you can run another browser tab and connect to 8311 but currently we are seeing some issues.
thanks for your reply. I managed to solve this problem by redirecting 8899 and 8211 port to different host port , using docker cli -p flags.
It turned out that the streaming client is only using 8899 port to transfer visual data. And 8211 port is just used for getting the streaming client files. So I cloned the streaming files ( html, js ,css …) into my local machine, and modified the hard-coded request url to a dynamic one, which can be changed according to the given parameters. Then I can connect different isaac-sim in one server machine.
This solution may need some coding work.
have you met the issue that nucleus server not correctly config ?
when I run tow container with different port I occurs;
but when I just run one container with ‘–network host’ command params , nucleus server is correct.
just like this; the issacsim container can not find nulceus server if I run it using the command " sudo docker run --entrypoint ./runheadless.websocket.sh --gpus ‘“device=0”’ -e “ACCEPT_EULA=Y” -p 8899:8899 -p 8211:8211 nvcr.io/nvidia/isaac-sim:2021.1.1" , but if I use “sudo docker run --entrypoint ./runheadless.websocket.sh --gpus ‘“device=0”’ -e “ACCEPT_EULA=Y” --network=host nvcr.io/nvidia/isaac-sim:2021.1.1” , It works well | <urn:uuid:c01c338f-3b5a-4315-82e7-05c4780ffdf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/how-can-i-run-multiple-isaac-sim-container-in-one-machine-and-connect-them-with-browser/183572 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.84345 | 611 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Anyone who uses beans as a significant part of their diet should know about epazote.
I first learned of the remarkable gas-relieving effects of epazote in 1975 while studying Mexican and Central American herbalism. Once my instructor had introduced me to this herb, I immediately recognized it as the common plant of so many of the streams I’d hiked along in the hills above my Pasadena home.
My Costa Rican instructor shared with me his family secrets: Add a few leaves of epazote to a pot of beans for a delicious flavor and to render the beans gas-free.
As the years progressed, I was astounded that virtually no Americans I’d talked with were familiar with this herb, let alone its anti-gas effects. Yet, this common, inconspicuous herb had been known and used in Southern Mexico and Central America for centuries!
In the recorded literature of Europe and North American, epazote (formerly Chenopodium ambrosiodes, now called Dysphania ambrosiodes by botanists) is known for it efficacy in expelling intestinal worms. For dogs and cats, add one teaspoon of the seed (or herb) to their meals `til the worms clear up. The herb is said to be less effective against tapeworms. The Natchez Indians used epazote to expel worms in children. The Chinese used the herb as a diaphoretic (promotes sweating). The anthelmintic/vermifuge qualities of epazote are well recognized, and the herb is cultivated in parts of the Soviet Union for this use. Herbalists believe that epazote was also used by the ancient Mayans both as a spice and medicine.
It is believed that epazote’s effectiveness in removing the “gassiness” of beans is due to the presence of oil of chenopodium, which is found in concentrations of 10% in the seed, and one percent in the leaf.
Remember that excess flatulence is a symptom, and that epazote only deals with that symptom. The gas problem will continue if the cause is not eliminated. Some methods to eliminate the cause of gas are eating slowly, proper food combination, and others.
I first began to collect the spicy leaves of epazote during my spring hikes into my local foothills. But like most gardeners and herb-lovers, I eventually wanted to have my own patch of epazote growing near my kitchen door.
In late summer, I collect the wild seed on the dried plants. I plant these seeds in my yard, in an environment which somewhat replicates the plant’s ideal wild environment. Epazote prefers semi-shaded river beds where the soil is sandy and well-drained, and where it’s usually moist. Thus, I plant the seeds on the north side of my house where there’s the most shade, in well-drained soil. Epazote seeds may take up to a month to sprout, a fact which leads many gardeners to suspect their crop failed. To help, the seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours and then planted. Additionally, you can sow the seeds in a pot or garden bed where other plants are growing. This way, you won’t get frustrated as you water a bare spot of soil.
Sprouted epazote has a bright green appearance, and even when very young you can detect the characteristic epazote aroma. Sometimes you’ll see a few blotches of red on the young sprouts.
Harvesting the mid-sized epazote plants is easy. Just pinch off the top new growth. Pinch off just what you need at the time, or pinch back a lot if you plan to dry some of the herb for storage. The leaf production of each epazote plant is greatly increased by this pinching. Although epazote is a perennial, the entire above-ground plant will die back each year. Providing the soil hasn’t dried out, the roots will continue to produce year after year. Also, the regular pinching-back of the leaves during the growing season will significantly extend the growing season for your plants.
Epazote leaves are best dried in the dark (I dry mine in an attic). I spread the leaves thinly on newspaper or brown paper bags. The dried herb is best stored in an opaque jar.
The seeds (for growing) and packets of the dried herb can be purchased from Survival Seeds, P.O. Box 41834, Los Angeles, CA 90041. Seeds are $3; herb is $4.50 a packet. There is also a unique booklet entitled What Causes Gas? ($6), which describes the many dietary and non-dietary causes of gas, as well as practical solutions.
This aromatic herb is a native of Mexico, Central and South America. It has now naturalized in many parts of the world. Epazote is found in many parts of the U.S., particularly in the southern states.
COOKING WITH EPAZOTE
Cooking with epazote is easy! Add approx. one tablespoon of the herb — both the chopped stems and the leaves — to a pot of beans. You can use it fresh or dried. The epazote herb can also be added to soups, stews, and made into tea. The powdered leaves can be added to salads, such as potato and bean salads.
Here are some simple recipes I’ve developed for using epazote.
1 cup dry lentils
1 bay leaf
5-6 cups water
2 tsp dried epazote
1 diced red onion
3 cloves of garlic
2 diced carrots
Wash the lentils, and then simmer for an hour and a half. Add the other ingredients when the beans are nearly soft. Simmer `til the vegetables are soft. (Add salt or kelp to taste, if desired.)
MIXED BEAN SALAD
1 cup cooked/sliced green beans
1 cup cooked kidney beans
1 cup cooked garbanzos
equal parts olive oil and apple cider vinegar
1 tsp. dried/powdered epazote
2 diced cloves of garlic
1/2 tsp dill
Salt and pepper, to taste, if desired
Marinate the beans in the dressing, preferably at least eight hours, but no less than 30 minutes.
MAYA BLACK BEAN SOUP
1 cup dry black beans
epazote, two tsp
3 small potatoes diced
salt and pepper, to taste
Soak the beans for an hour and then cook until tender. Add the onions and potatoes and cook until the potatoes are done. Add the seasonings. Let simmer on low temperature for 15 minutes before serving.
Nyerges is the author of “Guide to Wild Foods” and other books on plants and self-reliance. He has taught since 1974, and conducts a weekly podcast on Preparedness Radio Network. He can be reached at www.ChristopherNyerges.com.
Photo caption: Adrian Gaytan grows epazote and sells it at farmers markets. | <urn:uuid:3fb5453f-017a-415d-bfec-01c7e02547c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.motherearthnews.com/sustainable-living/nature-and-environment/herb-epazote/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945357 | 1,529 | 2.6875 | 3 |
A changing landscape of cargo carriers spurred by consolidation and realignment has fueled growth at the Georgia Ports Authority by playing perfectly to GPA’s advantages.
A decade ago, ocean carriers began massive fleet upsizing to reduce fuel consumption and cost per container. This caused a major imbalance in supply and demand, particularly as the global economy fell into recession. The inability of individual ocean carriers to absorb capacity caused financial stress and led to the unprecedented carrier consolidation and alliance changes currently taking place.
The impact of consolidation has spanned the industry. Approved in December 2015, China Ocean Shipping (COSCO) and China Shipping merged into COSCO Shipping. In mid-2016, Hanjin filed for bankruptcy protection, and CMA CGM acquired APL. The merger of Hapag-Lloyd and United Arab Shipping Company (UASC) was finalized in May 2017. Maersk Line’s acquisition of Hamburg Süd should be complete by the end of 2017. The three Japanese carriers, NYK Line, MOL, and “K” Line, are establishing a new joint-venture company, the Ocean Network Express “ONE,” to integrate their container shipping businesses set to begin in April 2018. The latest development is that COSCO Shipping along with Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG) will purchase Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL).
In addition to consolidation, shipping lines have been dramatically re-aligned. Previously, there were four major alliances: G6, CKYHE, Ocean Three (O3), and 2M. These were supplanted by three new alliances: THE Alliance, OCEAN Alliance, and 2M+- that began operations in April 2017. Despite the dynamic environment, and as evidence of its market strength, Georgia Ports Authority has continued to grow.
Because of its capacity for large container exchanges, GPA’s Garden City Terminal has secured 36 weekly container services, the most of any port on the U.S. East Coast. It is the largest single-terminal container port in North America, featuring 1,200 acres of space, nearly 10,000 contiguous feet of berth, 26 ship-to-shore cranes with 10 more on order, 146 rubber tired gantry cranes, and two Class 1 rail providers on-terminal. This offers ocean carriers, in any configuration, unparalleled flexibility, scalability, and efficiency from a single owner/operator in a single footprint. | <urn:uuid:4ef797b4-45f0-46da-b751-a625530d0932> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gaports.com/blog/one-thing-remains-the-same/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944811 | 503 | 1.625 | 2 |
Suicide is the 8th leading cause of death in Idaho, and we continually rank among the top 10 states for the highest number of suicide deaths per capita. Even more, the Southwest region of Idaho has the highest number of suicide deaths than any other region in the state. Southwest District Health is committed to addressing suicide as a critical public health concern. The impact of suicide touches every member of our community. From tight-knit communities to policy stakeholders advocating for behavioral health services, the devastating effect of suicide is widely felt.
REGION 3 SUICIDE PREVENTION COALITION
The landscape of behavioral health and suicide is changing. We’re having more open conversations, sharing stories, and breaking down the stigma that accompanies suicide. If you’re interested in becoming part of the movement, consider joining the Region 3 Suicide Prevention Coalition. The coalition is made up of survivors, advocates, and clinicians across the region who are committed to eliminating suicide in our communities. The group meets monthly to share resources and trainings, collaborate on community projects, and promote messages of hope and resilience.
YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH FIRST AID (YMHFA) TRAININGS
In addition to supporting the efforts of the regional coalition, Southwest District Health coordinates Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) trainings. This training is geared towards adults that work and engage with adolescents (age 12-18) on a regular basis. The course covers the most common mental and behavioral health challenges for youth and teaches a 5-step plan for how to help youth in both crisis and non-crisis situations.
If you’re interested in joining the coalition to learn more about suicide prevention services in your community or would like to schedule a YMHFA training for your organization, please reach out to at email@example.com.
If you or a loved one are experiencing suicidal thoughts, there is help available. Call or text the Idaho Suicide Prevention Hotline, where someone will listen and help connect you with resources. | <urn:uuid:939bafc6-0026-4f61-b057-52ad516e3dd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://swdh.id.gov/healthy-living/suicide-prevention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.928259 | 423 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Lukas F. Hartmann
The first european fully open hardware laptop. Focus: simplicity, sustainability, user agency.
MNT Reform respects its owner's rights. Focus is on simplicity, user agency and reducing attack surface. MNT Reform has neither built-in GPS, Bluetooth nor recording devices. Usability, professional usage and sustainability are primary goals since obsolete parts can be easily replaced by the user. We created a working system which aims to be as open and documented as possible. With faith in the Open Source community, third parties are encouraged to contribute to the development of new modules.
With the question why current computer systems are closed and also not sustainable, Lukas F. Hartmann projected the first idea of Reform. In close collaboration with industrial designer Ana Dantas and under supervision of Head of Quality Greta Melnik, we designed the second version in 2019. Currently, we finalized our Crowd Supply campaign for the first substantial batch production of MNT Reform with a backup of 228%. Starting from July 1st, we will build >180 devices in our workshop in Berlin.
Open Source Hardware, Privacy, Sustainability, Laptop, Industrial Design, DIY, Linux, Right to Repair, Minimalism, Security
- Does your design take social and cultural challenges and human wellbeing into consideration?
We came up with the plan to bring back a computer that you can understand and trust a lot more than the status quo. MNT Reform is designed to be as open and transparent as possible. Privacy and security are a crucial point in a world with antidemocratic movements. MNT Reform uses RISC-based processors and has neither built-in GPS, Bluetooth nor any surveillance technology. A mechanical keyboard and elaborate industrial design provide comfort for professional users.
- Does your design support sustainable production, embodying circular or regenerative design practices?
Mobile personal computers are becoming more and more opaque, vendor controlled, and hard to repair. MNT Reform goes in the opposite direction. It's modularity guarantees the user's Right to Repair and parts can easily be customized or replaced. MNT Reform is way more sustainable than current systems, which have glued in parts and have to be disposed completely if obsolete.
- Does your design use principles of distribution and open source?
MNT Reform is a fully open or documented system. Both hardware and software are designed to support a free and open source software stack from the ground up. It invites you to take a look under the hood, customize the documented electronics, and even repair it yourself if you like. We believe in the Open Source community and encourage third parties to contribute to the development of new modules.
- Does your design promote awareness of responsible design and consumption?
We were inspired by the possibilities of additive manufacturing, small-scale PCB production, and the early open hardware movement, as well as the growing realization that today’s course of producing quickly obsoleted hardware cannot be sustained.
Built not around Intel technology, but NXP i.MX8M with 64-bit ARM Cortex-A53 cores, Reform has a much simpler architecture than conventional laptops. This simplicity also makes for a more pleasant developer experience.
Social Media Accounts | <urn:uuid:44ddc217-b25f-4bc0-9b14-cc91f0d42d26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://distributeddesign.eu/awards/entries/mnt-reform/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.932799 | 705 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Epoxy Floor Finishing
Epoxy floor finishing is known to be a strong glue type that provides its users with high-level properties [stamped concrete driveway miami fl] of bonding. Epoxy is seen as a thing that is extremely superior to many paste-style types of glue. Epoxy is a material that is extremely superior to other styles of paste glues. Components of epoxy are sold in packages that require mixing before use. The components are hardeners and resins. Many commercial and industrial buildings use epoxy floor finishing in their facilities because of the many safety and saving benefits it offers the users.
While concrete may seem virtually indestructible, it is not impervious to some damage types, including cosmetics like staining and cracking. This will end up ruining the overall attractiveness of your floor. Concrete is quite porous and can absorb salt, dirt, oils, and chemicals, making it hard to clean the floors of concrete in the right manner. When you apply an epoxy coating to your concrete, it makes sure that it is protected from possible damage. Epoxy floor finish from Miami concrete underlayment company has a high-gloss finish which can increase the reflectivity of light by two hundred percent. It will seal the porous surface of concrete and render it proof to stain. Epoxy flooring is simple to clean since there is nothing to hold pollutants.
Due to epoxy’s chemical structure, it is very durable and scratch-resistant. Unlike paint that is latex-based, people using resin-based epoxy products do not require repainting their floors every few years. One coat of solid-based epoxy floor finishing can last for a lifetime. The main thing is that this flooring will bond with molecules of cement in the floor to provide results that will last for eternity. The bond between molecules is stronger than the adhesion offered by other paints, including latex-based and enamel paints. This makes it good to use in locations that experience heavy traffic from feet or heavy machinery.
Epoxy floor finishing is found in different locations including garage floors, and basements, indoor patios, restaurants, indoor patios, retail stores, laboratories, manufacturing facilities, and hospitals, all of which require durable, strong flooring. Some owners of the home want the floors of their kitchen to be formulated with the coated epoxy. Apart from the durability that comes with these floors, they can withstand damage by floor cleaners, but the laboratory has epoxy floors and spills of chemicals, which will end up ruining the floors.
Epoxy floor finishing is quite affordable as compared to other floor finish types including vinyl, wood, tile, and carpeting. Polyurea pains cost up to four times more than the epoxy amount of flooring and business owners, and homeowners do not see benefits from added costs. It is very economical, and because it stays for long, this flooring is the best investment to make. Women and men will not require periodical touch-up jobs due to the effects of being long-lasting.
Epoxy floor finishing coatings are simple to maintain and clean [concrete stamping company miami]. The impact from salt, oil, traffic, and chemicals in garages, industrial and commercial facilities are hard to remove and expensive to repair when untreated. It is time-consuming, frustrating, and expensive to accomplish this task.
Epoxy floor finishing is definitely worth the investment. They come in different styles. They come in in top items that are impermeable. These floors can be purchased in finished and finish later on states.
It is dependent on the taste of the homeowner and the plan of the interiors. You cannot find two similar flanks because they are handmade by the use of classic methods. The floor will look graceful when every coat is attended by the manufacturer. Top manufacturers develop top options. Do not just choose anything but the best styles.
There are several epoxy floor finishing types available on the market. You will not notice a lot of imperfections, especially when the project is over. The floor will get tainted or can give them a typical look. It also depends on the taste of the individual business or homeowner. Epoxy floors come with so many options to choose from like the shiny or matte finish, length, width, and stain color of the planks, and the distress degree. A few homeowners prefer individuality and indiscretion for items containing knots, mineral marks, and the highly apparent grain. Others prefer to go for finer looks with looks of mild distress. | <urn:uuid:0dfd23bd-830e-444b-b704-21914854acd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.miamiconcreteservices.com/epoxy-floor-finishing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955296 | 945 | 1.59375 | 2 |
There are so many troubling and distressing headlines in the news these days, it can be hard to make sense of everything, much less stay hopeful. When will all this madness end? Only God knows for sure. But until it does, take a few moments to read these Bible passages and let them sustain you in the days ahead.
Cast your burden on the Lord, and he will sustain you; he will never permit the righteous to be moved. - Psalm 55:22
The Lord is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? The Lord is the stronghold of my life; of whom shall I be afraid? - Psalm 27:1
The steadfast love of the Lord never ceases; his mercies never come to an end; they are new every morning; great is your faithfulness. - Lamentations 3:22-23
It is the Lord who goes before you. He will be with you; he will not leave you or forsake you. Do not fear or be dismayed. - Deuteronomy 31:8
Sing for joy, O heavens, and exult, O earth; break forth, O mountains, into singing! For the Lord has comforted his people and will have compassion on his afflicted. - Isaiah 49:13
Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me. - Psalm 23:4
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. Not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid. - John 14:27
God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. - Psalm 46:1
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort. - 2 Corinthians 1:3
He sets on high those who are lowly, and those who mourn are lifted to safety. - Job 5:11
Let your steadfast love comfort me according to your promise to your servant. - Psalm 119:76
I have said these things to you, that in me you may have peace. In the world you will have tribulation. But take heart; I have overcome the world. - John 16:33
If I say, ‘Surely the darkness shall cover me, and the light about me be night,’ even the darkness is not dark to you; the night is bright as the day, for darkness is as light with you. - Psalm 139:11-12
Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. - Matthew 5:4
No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us. For I am sure that neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord. - Romans 8:37-39
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Receive 15% off your order today or get a FREE special gift when you sign up to receive our weekly email newsletter. | <urn:uuid:a6618984-8adb-4ad0-bfca-e418d2362c31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.livingchristian.org/bible-verses-blogs/15-bible-verses-to-comfort-you-in-these-troubled-times | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955752 | 712 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The “security issue” was first identified earlier on Thursday and affects an IT system called Adastra, which is used to manage patient care – including dispatching ambulances, booking endless appointments and urgent appointments.
The system is used by 85 per cent of NHS 111 providers and several non-emergency services, and the outage was described Welsh Ambulance Service As ‘main’, ‘far-reaching’ and affecting all four nations of Great Britain.
no one NHS England Nor would Advance, which operates the Adastra system, initially confirm reports that a cyberattack was to blame.
But on Friday, Advance chief operating officer Simon Short confirmed the incident was linked to a cyber attack, saying the company had taken measures to contain the attack, adding that “no further issues have been identified”.
“Early intervention by our incident response team contained this problem to a small number of servers representing 2 percent of our health and care infrastructure,” said Mr. Short. The protection of services and data is central to the actions we have and take.
“We are continuing to work with the NHS and health and care authorities, as well as our technology and security partners, focused on restoring all systems over the weekend and early next week.” In the meantime, affected NHS services will continue to operate [using contingency].”
Doctors in London have warned they could see a flurry of patients referred by NHS 111 due to a “significant technical problem” and “system outage”.
pulse The magazine was told the issue left NHS 111 unable to book patients into GP appointment slots.
A spokesman for NHS England said NHS 111 services were still available and that there was “minimal disruption at this time”, adding that “tried and tested emergency plans are in place for local areas using this service”.
The Ambulance Service in Wales said its partners across the country had “developed and put plans in place to ensure services can continue to operate”, but warned the weekend would be a busier time than usual for NHS 111 Wales.
While the ability to respond to calls is “maximised” by the emergency services and local health boards, “it may take longer to respond to calls and we thank the public for their patience,” the service said.
A Scottish Government spokesman said it was aware of the disruption to the system of one of NHS Scotland’s IT suppliers and there were “continuation plans”.
Holyrood is “working with all health boards on a four-county basis along with the National Cyber Security Center and the provider to fully understand the potential impact,” they said.
The Department of Health in Northern Ireland said it was working to minimize disruption.
“As a precaution, to avoid risking other critical systems and services, access to the company’s services from the HSC (Health and Social Care System) has been shut down while the incident is contained,” the spokesman said. “Business contingency measures have been initiated for affected HSC organizations and territories.
The news follows a major IT crash at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital Foundation Trust in London, which left clinicians without access to patient records and forced the trust to cancel patient appointments for days.
This outage was caused by the heat on July 19. In an apology to patients last week, the trust said: “Unfortunately we have had to postpone a number of procedures and appointments which we never want to do.
“Once our management systems are back in place, we will be in a position to assess the full impact of the situation and connect with patients and begin to transform their care as quickly as possible.” We know that this will be a difficult task and will require both time and dedication. “
An NHS spokesperson said: “NHS 111 services are still available for patients who are unwell, but as always if it is an emergency please call 999.
“There is currently minimal disruption and the NHS will continue to monitor the situation as it works with Advanced to resolve their software system as quickly as possible – with tried and tested plans in place for local areas using the service.
Additional reporting by PA
NHS 111: Warning of delays as cyber attack causes major outage of IT systems
Source link NHS 111: Warning of delays as cyber attack causes major outage of IT systems | <urn:uuid:9c860063-8cce-48e5-9ac8-8ce521b2124a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eminetra.co.uk/nhs-111-warning-of-delays-as-cyber-attack-causes-major-outage-of-it-systems/975813/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.975159 | 917 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Price: $69.00 Special Price: $58.00 Format: Hard Cover ISBN 10: 9654934663 ISBN 13: 9789654934664 Catalog Number: 9789654934664 Number of Pages: 512 Year Published: 2010
Description: The Truth of Scientific Medicine is an attempt to deal with one of the crucial problems in modern medicine: the rapid rate of exchange of truths serving as the foundation of medical practice. Unstable truths are a source of skepticism and concern among many physicians. They are also one of the main reasons for the crisis undermining the trust between patient and physician.The quest for the truth in modern medicine passes through the six core concepts of scientific truth: paradigms, methods, borders, criteria, interpretation and inference. The author deliberates each of these concepts through concrete examples at three levels: the historical, the theoretical and the political. The issues serving as the basis of the discussion are of concern to the medical world, and appear at the core of professional and sometimes the public debate: management of coronary heart disease, treatment of bronchial asthma, hormone replacement in menopausal women, early detection of breast cancer, drug therapy for diabetes, conventional vs. alternative medicine.
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Hey Y’all! It’s your Health Coach Janelle here and since is National Blueberry and Avocado Month, I just wanted to share a few of my favorite blueberry and avocado recipes with you.
Firstly, I know many of you are aware that blueberries and avocados are healthy food items, but do you know why they are labeled as healthy or what they provide the body?
Three Benefits Blueberries Provide You:
- Blueberries are the King of Antioxidants. They have one of the highest antioxidant levels in fruits and vegetables. Antioxidants protect your body from free radicals. Free radicals are harmful molecules that damage your cells and may contribute to aging and diseases.
- Blueberries may lower blood pressure. The phytochemicals in blueberries improve the function of endothelial cells in the body. The endothelial cells line the inner surface of the blood vessels and it helps with blood flow and pressure regulation. According to a researcher from Harvard University, blueberries may not only help control high blood pressure, but may also prevent people from developing hypertension.
- Blueberries can help improve memory and maintain brain functionality. In a study in 2016 published in European Journal of Nutrition, consuming a blueberry drink improved the cognitive performance level compared to a placebo in 21 children. In another study, the results showed that older adults’ memory improved after drinking blueberry juice every day for 12 weeks.
Blueberry and Red Bell Pepper Salsa
3 cups fresh blueberries
1 bunch fresh cilantro chopped
½ red onion, minced
2 red bell peppers, diced small
½ teaspoon salt
1 lemon juiced
How to Prepare:
- Pour the blueberries out on a large cutting board and give them a rough chop. Put them in a large bowl.
- Add in the chopped cilantro, red onion, red bell pepper, salt, and lemon juice. Sire until combined.
Three Benefits Avocados Provide You
- Avocados enhance digestive system. Avocados are one of the best fruit sources of fiber. High fiber foods are important for people with digestive issues because the fiber helps shift the balance of bacteria in the gut, increasing good bacteria and decreasing bad bacteria.
- Avocados promote weight loss. Eating foods lower in carbohydrates and higher in healthy fasts are known to accelerate weight loss. Avocados satiates hormones and hunger cues, which will directly have an effect on the amount of food you eat.
- Avocados are also high in antioxidants, like blueberries. They contain lutein that protects the eyes and preserves healthy skin and hair. By adding avocado to a meal, it can help boost the antioxidant absorption.
Avocado Chicken Salad
2 cups shredded skinless chicken breast
1 medium avocado skinned and mashed
½ red onion diced
½ teaspoon garlic powder
½ teaspoon pepper
2 teaspoons lime juice
1 teaspoon chopped cilantro
1 container plain nonfat Greek Yogurt
How to Prepare:
- Add all ingredients ina bowl and mix well.
- Cover and let sit in refrigerator for at least 20-30 mins
If you Tried These recipes and enjoyed it, take a picture and tag us in it using #NHWCTriedThis. We would love to see it! | <urn:uuid:eef98096-c646-450a-b208-d75a260ad3f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newheightswellnesscenter.com/blueberry-avocado-awareness-month/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.893817 | 689 | 2.703125 | 3 |
France has taken dramatic action and recalled its ambassador from Rome for the first time since Mussolini was in power.
France has blamed the "unfounded attacks and outlandish claims" of Italy's political leaders, some of whom have recently thrown their support behind the three month long yellow vest protests.
Italy's deputy prime ministers, Luigi di Maio and Matteo Salvini, have also accused France of exacerbating tensions in North Africa for economic gain, and has blamed those tensions for the reasons behind the flow of migrants across the Mediterranean.
For more on this story, Matt Bevan joins RN Breakfast.
- Matt Bevan, producer
In this episode | <urn:uuid:630f193d-d8d8-4dde-a9d1-d6c6b766efc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/breakfast/world-news-with-matt-bevan/10792510 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.962105 | 134 | 1.570313 | 2 |
But a common challenge we all face in making that happen is a mutual lack of understanding about how each other views and processes the world around us.
This is why you probably have heard the saying, “Men are from Mars and women are from Venus.”
The way men and women see the world impacts everything they do. (Tweet This!)
It impacts their communication.
It impacts how they deal with conflict.
It impacts how they handle stress and temptation.
Your relationships are incredibly valuable so it’s critical you understand each other. (Tweet This!)
Watch this video from a recent talk I gave with my friend, co-author of the book Through A Man’s Eyes, and researcher Shaunti Feldhahn.
In this video we specifically talk about how men process their world visually and the unique temptations they face at the hands of a hyper-sexualized culture.
Please STOP and invest 40 minutes in your relationship by watching this video.
You’ll be encouraged AND pick up some very subtle yet brilliant insight. | <urn:uuid:51e22b8e-a1db-4980-a73c-62d988e6d432> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ampetto.com/heres-why-men-and-women-dont-see-eye-to-eye/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.94725 | 219 | 1.695313 | 2 |
We would expect Joseph to be furious with his brothers. Several parashiyot ago we hear them say “come now, let us kill him and throw him into one of the pits; and we can say, ‘A savage beast devoured him.’ We shall see what comes of his dreams!”*1*
It is only thanks to Reuben and Judah’s desperate intervention that Joseph is sold into slavery instead.
Even though things eventually turn out pretty good for Joseph, just try, for a moment, to imagine what it must have been like for him when his brothers threw him into that pit so many years ago. Imagine the insults they must have shouted. The taunts. The hatred.
Even if, physically, Joseph comes out on top, I can’t imagine the emotional trauma that a younger brother would experience when his older siblings abuse him like that. We would expect that rejection to stick with Joseph throughout his life.
That is why his reaction to his brothers in this morning’s Torah portion is so remarkable.
When he finally reveals himself, listen to what he says: “I am your brother Joseph, he whom you sold into Egypt. Now, do not be distressed or reproach yourselves because you sold me hither; it was to save life that God sent me ahead of you… God has sent me ahead of you to ensure your survival on earth… it was not you who sent me here, but God…”*2*
Just contrast Joseph’s attitude to the brothers’ attitude years before. They are extremely short-sighted. They are thinking only in the moment. Here is this annoying little brother of ours. He thinks he’s so great. Just look at that ornamented tunic that he is always prancing about in. Father loves him best.
The brothers are stuck in their own anger, in the moment. When they act, they don’t consider the repercussions.
Not so Joseph. He is focused on the big picture. If there are any leftover emotions of anger, or desire for revenge, we do not see them.
Instead of his brothers comforting him and apologizing to him, it is Joseph who is doing the comforting! They don’t even have a chance to apologize. He absolves them of guilt, explaining their horrible behavior as God’s plan. It had to happen that way so that Joseph could be brought to Egypt, become vizier to Pharaoh, and save their lives.
The entire Joseph story is marked by peaks and valleys. Joseph rises to the top, and then is cast down, only to rise again in most remarkable fashion. We see this pattern repeat itself in his father’s house, Potiphar’s estate, and Pharaoh’s court. Throughout, Joseph sees the active hand of God in his life. We, the readers, do not see God’s direct intervention in Joseph’s life at any point in this story.
It is Joseph himself who connects the dots. He chooses to see a pattern in the random events that befall him. That pattern points to a Divine purpose. A purpose that is first foretold in his boyhood dreams of his brothers bowing down to him. Now we discover that those dreams have been fulfilled, in the most extraordinary way.
Unlike the rest of the Book of Genesis, in which God’s hand is much more apparent, the Joseph saga is like the world we know. We, like Joseph and his brothers, choose how to see the peaks and valleys of our lives.
Are they a series of random dots, ultimately patternless and meaningless. Are we alone to make decisions by ourselves? When outside forces impinge on our lives for good or for bad, are they essentially random and unpredictable?
Or, do we connect those dots in a way that points to a purpose for our existence? Do we see the things that happen to us in the context of Jewish history? Do Jewish beliefs, traditions, and practices help us contextualize the blessings and tragedies that we all face? In short, is God involved in a purposeful way in our lives?
I got some ideas from a D’var Torah called Unanticipated Consequences, by Rabbi Marc Wolf, Vice Chancellor and Director of Community Engagement for the Jewish Theological Seminary | <urn:uuid:7c8358e6-ed16-4386-bef0-eb72f042fac2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rebyehoshua.org/tag/weekly-torah-portion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.973055 | 916 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A new clinical trial from Roswell Park and the University at Buffalo in upstate New York will take a look at the use of a rheumatoid arthritis drug for helping to manage severe COVID-19 symptoms.
The trial will be open to local patients with critical or severe symptoms, and it will focus on the use of sarilumab, also known as Kevzara, to help alleviate some of the more severe symptoms of COVID-19. The drug is FDA-approved for people with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, but some experts think that in regard to COVID-19 that it might help to prevent or control the level of inflammation in the lungs, especially in those with more severe COVID-19 symptoms.
"This strategy does not treat COVID-19," Dr. Igor Puzanov, the overall principal investigator on the trial, said in a press release. "It's designed to address some of its most damaging effects, caused by inflammation and cytokine storm. If it is proven effective in reducing or preventing severe lung injury in these patients, it could significantly reduce the need for ventilators. And that would truly be a big relief right now." | <urn:uuid:d6cbdb75-c07b-49a9-b7aa-7fdf33b073a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://live.healthday.com/a-rheumatoid-arthritis-drug-is-being-tested-to-help-alleviate-severe-covid-19-symptoms-2645628719.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.949113 | 245 | 2.4375 | 2 |
With the Learning About Rocks Activity Bundle, students can dig into the types of rocks as they learn about igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, plus minerals and crystals through engaging text. They can sharpen handwriting skills with vocabulary terminology practice, investigate and record information on 44 types of rocks, and enjoy fun activities such as various letter puzzles, matching, drawing puzzles, multiple choice, and more. See a preview of each title at the links below.
Rocks Terminology & Copywork: Help students learn the terminology of rocks with this copywork. Students copy 30 keywords and their definitions. Each copywork page also includes a border with geometric patterns that students can color and use to design patterns if they wish. Keywords covered include rock, minerals, element, petrology, petrologist, igneous rocks, magma, extrusive igneous rock, intrusive igneous rock, crystalline igneous rock, amorphous igneous rock, granite, basalt, sediment, sedimentary rocks, lithification, stratigraphy, fragmental sedimentary rocks, precipitated sedimentary rocks, conglomerate rock, sandstone, shale, metamorphic rocks, metamorphism, foliated rock, marble, quartzite, crystals, geode, and diamond. 36 pages total. Available in print and cursive handwriting versions.
Types of Rocks Notebooking Journal: With the Types of Rocks Notebooking Journal, students have a chance to discover 44 types of rocks and record key information about each one such as its main colors, characteristics, parts of the world it is found in, the type of rock it is, and its primary uses. They can also draw or cut and paste a picture of the type of the rock from a magazine or resource. A blank page is included in case your student’s favorite type of rock isn’t listed. 44 pages total.
Soil Science Terminology & Copywork: Help students learn the terminology of soil science with this copywork. Students copy 20 keywords and their definitions. Each copywork page also includes a border with geometric patterns that students can color and use to design patterns if they wish. Keywords covered are bedrock, chalky soil, chemical weathering, clay, decomposers, decomposition, humus layer, loam, mineral, mossy soil, organic matter, parent material, peat, physical weathering, pore spaces, sand, silt, soil aggregates, subsoil layer, and topsoil layer. 25 pages total. Available in print and cursive handwriting versions.
Discovering Rocks, Minerals & Crystals-Learning About Science, Level 3: Dig into the types of rocks that make up our planet as you learn about igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Learn what makes up minerals and what a crystal is. Plus, take a closer look at 23 specific rocks and crystals and their uses including granite, basalt, diorite, felsite, conglomerate, sandstone, shale, limestone, dolomite, marble, quartzite, serpentine, schist, agate, amethyst, carnelian, diamond, hematite, kyanite, rhodochrosite, sulfur, tourmaline, and turquoise. Students can personalize this book by coloring the illustrations and tracing the key words in the space provided. Incorporate some fun and handwriting practice into science. A review activity sheet with answer key is also included. 18 pages total. Available in print or cursive handwriting versions.
Discovering Rocks, Minerals, and Crystals Activity Book: Help your students have fun while learning key terms and definitions related to studying rocks, minerals, and crystals with this unit. Ten engaging activities include various letter puzzles, matching, drawing puzzles, multiple choice, and more. Answer key is included. 26 pages total. | <urn:uuid:738f4ec6-f7cd-4379-8375-6c508e799714> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://writebonnierose.com/product/learning-about-rocks-activity-bundle-ages-8-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.894556 | 795 | 4.28125 | 4 |
Ionized serum calcium levels following combined treatment for cancer of the head and neck.
Thyroid function may be reduced after treatment of cancer of the head and neck, and hypothyroidism is much more common after combination therapy. Whether hypoparathyroidism and subsequent hypocalcemia also occur after such treatment is unknown. Few related studies have been published in which changes in total serum calcium have been studied after cancer treatment with radioactive iodine or external radiation. Twenty-two disease-free head and neck cancer patients were studied, 1 to 3 years after multimodal treatment, to determine if changes in serum ionized calcium levels or thyroid function were present. Our results suggest that parathyroid function, as represented by ionized calcium levels remains normal after multimodality (surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy) combined treatment.
Talmi, YP; Wolf, GT; Esclamado, R; Carroll, WR; Sassler, AM
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | <urn:uuid:702ce558-87af-40c5-b7f6-d485b85e80ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub770652 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.902523 | 278 | 1.617188 | 2 |
CMU Creating Touchpads With Can of Spray Paint
Low-cost touch sensing added to objects of almost any shape
By Byron Spice
Touch sensing is most common on small, flat surfaces such as smartphone or tablet screens. Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, however, turn surfaces of a wide variety of shapes and sizes into touchpads using tools as simple as a can of spray paint.
Walls, furniture, steering wheels, toys and even Jell-O can be turned into touch sensors with the technology, dubbed Electrick.
The "trick" is to apply electrically conductive coatings or materials to objects or surfaces or to craft objects using conductive materials. By attaching a series of electrodes to the conductive materials, researchers showed they could use a well-known technique called electric field tomography to sense the position of a finger touch.
"For the first time, we've been able to take a can of spray paint and put a touch screen on almost anything," said Chris Harrison, assistant professor in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute (HCII) and head of the Future Interfaces Group. The group will present Electrick at CHI 2017, the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, this week in Denver, Colo.
Until now, large touch surfaces have been expensive and irregularly shaped or flexible touch surfaces have been largely available only in research labs. Some methods have relied on computer vision, which can be disrupted if a camera's view of a surface is blocked. The presence of cameras also raises privacy concerns.
With Electrick, conductive touch surfaces can be created by applying conductive paints, bulk plastics or carbon-loaded films, such as Desco's Velostat, among other materials.
Yang Zhang, a Ph.D. student in HCII, said Electrick is both accessible to the hobbyists and compatible with common manufacturing methods, such as spray coating, vacuum forming and casting/molding, as well as 3-D printing.
Like many touchscreens, Electrick relies on the shunting effect — when a finger touches the touchpad, it shunts a bit of electric current to ground. By attaching multiple electrodes to the periphery of an object or conductive coating, Zhang and his colleagues showed they could localize where and when such shunting occurs. They did this by using electric field tomography — sequentially running small amounts of current through the electrodes in pairs and noting any voltage differences.
The tradeoff, in comparison to other touch input devices, is accuracy. Even so, Electrick can detect the location of a finger touch to an accuracy of one centimeter, which is sufficient for using the touch surface as a button, slider or other control, Zhang said.
Zhang, Harrison and Gierad Laput, another HCII Ph.D. student, used Electrick to add touch sensing to surfaces as large as a 4-by-8-foot sheet of drywall, as well as objects as varied as a steering wheel, the surface of a guitar and a Jell-O mold of a brain. Even Play-Doh can be made interactive with Electrick.
The technology was used to make an interactive smartphone case — opening applications such as a camera based on how the user holds the phone - and a game controller that can change the position and combinations of buttons and sliders based on the game being played or the player's preferences.
Zhang said the Electrick surfaces proved durable. Adding a protective coating atop the conductive paints and sheeting also is possible.
The David and Lucile Packard Foundation supported this research. More information, including photos, are available on the project website. | <urn:uuid:13478749-03f7-470a-a9e6-9e7ca69be7fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2017/may/touchpads-with-spray-paint.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.951667 | 752 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The concept and practice of secondary separation is a divisive issue within fundamentalism. It is appropriate now, more than ever, to examine the matter in light of Scripture. What follows is an all-too brief survey of several respected fundamentalist leaders of the past 50 years on this very matter. Their views are briefly presented and analyzed, and some conclusions will be drawn at the end. Hopefully, this modest study will edify the body and exhort fundamentalists to be captive to the Scriptures, wherever it may lead.
At the outset, a brief definition of fellowship must be offered so we’re all on the same page going forward. Loosely, “fellowship” is defined as a union for spiritual purposes. More precisely, a partnering of individuals, churches, organizations or any other group for the purpose of promoting Biblical truth, based on a common spiritual foundation. Therefore, when we discuss a separation among brethren, we are really pondering the question, “With whom or what can I legitimately enter into a spiritual partnership with?” (Oats)
What in the World is “Secondary Separation?”
“A secondary separatist would be one who will not cooperate with (1) apostates; or (2) evangelical believers who aid and abet the apostates by their continued organizational or cooperative alignment with them; or, as employed by some (3) fundamentalists who fellowship with those in the previous category,” (1979, 217).
“Secondary separation” is the refusal to cooperate with erring and disobedient Christians who do not adhere to primary separation and other vital doctrines,” (2004, 146).
“Familial separation is the unfortunate necessity of functional severance from members of the family who are true Christians, when doctrinal or ethical compromise creeps into their lives or ministries,” (1993, 132).
John R. Rice:
“Do you see that since this secondary separation is an artificial, man-made doctrine, in every case it must depend on one’s personal, variable judgment? How much better to follow the simple rules in the Bible. Since there is no clear-cut Bible teaching on the question, secondary separation is a manufactured doctrine that leads to great confusion. And, sad to say, it also leads to passing judgment on Christian brethren, judging people’s motives, and this leads to division and strife among people who really are serving the same Saviour, who believe the same Bible, who preach the same Gospel, and both seek to win souls. That is unfortunate and, I think, unscriptural,” (1974, 228).
After seeing what respected fundamentalist leaders have had to say on the matter, my own working definition of so-called “secondary separation” is therefore offered:
“A secondary separatist is a Christian who will not cooperate with apostates, (2) true Christians who aid and abet the apostates by their continued organizational or cooperative alignment with them, or (3) true Christians, when a Scripturally defensible claim of doctrinal or ethical compromise creeps into their lives or ministries.”
This is a very concise definition, and one all fundamentalists would do well to adopt. Many would disagree, and I believe they are wrong. John R. Rice, as we will see, draws his circle of fellowship around the fundamentals of the faith and allows very wide latitude within this boundary. His views will surprise many, especially fundamentalists of the Sword of the Lord vintage.
John R. Rice
Rice was strongly against secondary separation. His primary focus was revivals and soul-winning, and his theology on separation reflects this. For Rice, the threshold of orthodoxy was the fundamentals of the faith – period. Rice would accept any Christian so long as he espoused (182, 224):
1. Faith and salvation in Christ
2. The Bible
3. The virgin birth
4. Blood atonement
5. The deity, and
6. Bodily resurrection of Christ
I have chosen to spend a great deal of time on Rice because I believe he speaks for a great many frustrated fundamentalists on this matter.
“The important thing is, is a man for Christ and the Bible? If he is, and he makes no divisive issues and strife, then fellowship with him. So the Scripture teaches. That means I can fellowship with some who fellowship with some they ought not to fellowship with,” (182).
“[W]e have an obligation to have brotherly love and kindness and charity toward those who are weak in the faith, but just so they are ‘in the faith,’ ” (224).
Rice would likely separate from fundamentalists who were in favor of secondary separation, citing Rom 14:1 as support.
“Listen, you are not to run with anybody if it means quarreling and strife and division and hair pulling and hell raising. Say to that one, ‘God bless you, but go your way, and I will go mine.’ If there is going to be strife and no real unity and no real heartfelt joy and results for God, then sometimes we cannot cooperate with Christians who make strife over minor issues. They are weak in the faith and they make an insistent division over it,” (184).
Rice decried undue obsession with division at the expense of evangelism. Fighting modernism was not Rice’s main priority – evangelism was.
“The tendency to go to extremes appears in the matter of defending the faith and standing up for Christ and the Bible. Those of us who would defend the faith and expose false prophets are constantly urged to attack good Christians, to spend our time and energy in fighting good Christians who may not agree with us on some matters or may be wrong on lesser matters but are born-again, Bible-believing, soul-winning Christians. We have followed a simple course down through the years. We are against infidels and false teachers. We are for good Christians,” (196).
Rice’s most passionate plea was for Christians to have perspective. The great division, he warned, is between those who are saved and those who are lost. “Let us face it honestly: Are we going to fight for God’s people and against Satan’s people? That is what we ought to be,” (197).
Rice’s Critique of Secondary Separation
Rice’s guiding verses on this matter were Ps 119:63 and Rom 14:1 (221). He outright denied that Scripture teaches separation from brethren. “No, there is nothing in the Bible like that,” (224). He saw separation as an “all or nothing” proposition. He did not allow for the different “levels” of separation that Ernest Pickering wrote about, which we will examine shortly. Rice defined the doctrine as follows:
“But what is called ‘secondary separation’ means not only must the Christian be separated from liberals, modernists, unbelievers, but he is to separate from anybody who does not separate enough from unbelievers,” (218).
Rice charged that Christians are commanded to fellowship and love other Christians (Jn 13:34-35), and this very love, not division, should guide Christians in this matter. Fractious, subjective battles among real Christians divide the body and hinder the cause of Christ.
“But still the weight of the Scripture here is tremendous. We should love other Christians as Christ loved us. Our love for others ought to be such an obvious fact that people will know Christians are different. So only a very serious matter ought ever hinder the fellowship of good Christians who love each other,” (222).
Most fundamentalists who uphold separation from brethren point to 2 Thess 3:6-15 as support. Their arguments will be presented shortly, but I ask Christians to examine the passage for themselves and reach their own conclusions. Rice expressly denied that 2 Thess 3:6-15 teaches secondary separation, labeling this “a clearly biased interpretation,” (226). He maintained it merely taught that the disorder in question was eating without working (224-225).
Going back to his call for unity for the sake of evangelism, Rice protested that secondary separation resulted in arbitrary decisions. “Where can one draw the line? Unless he takes the plain Bible position of separation from the unsaved and the restrained fellowship with Christians who live in gross sin, one will make subjective decisions according to his own preference,” (226-228). Fred Moritz (1994) dismisses such objections as a “smokescreen,” and calls for biblical discernment on the matter (84).
Finally, Rice appealed to examples of other Godly fundamentalists to bolster his case, men who did participate in inter-denominational fellowship for the sake of the Gospel, including Moody, Billy Sunday, R.A. Torrey, Bob Jones, Sr., H.A. Ironside, W.B. Riley, Bob Schuler and J. Frank Norris (228-234).
Rice’s work on separation was published in the midst of his very public falling out with Bob Jones, Jr. Any honest Christian will admit that views change with perspective, as hard-won knowledge, wisdom and experience are brought to bear upon tough issues. Perhaps Rice would have taken a harder line on separation earlier in his ministry. Regardless, a position must be evaluated in light of Scripture.
Rice’s plea for unity is appealing, but incorrect. He errs by failing to acknowledge different levels of fellowship and ignores Scripture which clearly teach separation from brethren. In this respect, Rice epitomized a particular fundamentalist mindset which is antithetical to militant separatism. George Marsden (1991) remarked;
“Antedating fundamentalist antimodernism was the evangelical revivalist tradition out of which fundamentalism had grown. The overriding preoccupation of this tradition was the saving of souls. Any responsible means to promote this end was approved,” (67).
Rice’s was a “big tent” fundamentalism, and given the nature of his revivalist ministry, perhaps it is understandable Rice was so inclusive about doctrine. He was still mistaken.
Is There Such Thing as “Secondary Separation?”
There is a remarkable consensus that the phrase “secondary separation” is un-Biblical. Moritz maintains the grounds of any separation are principles based upon the holiness of God (72). McCune (2004) likewise repudiates the concept of “degrees” of separation (147). Charles Woodbridge (1971) was particularly offended by the term; he called any distinction of degrees of separation a “deadly menace,” (12). To him, separation extended to any relationship in which disobedience to God is involved (10).
“The Bible knows nothing whatever about “degrees” of separation from evil! The Christian is to remove himself as far as it is humanly possible from all forms of evil, whether they be peripheral, pivotal or relatively ancillary. To hate evil means to hate it in all its forms–its ancestry, its immediate presence and its progeny!” (11).
What is a Disobedient Brother?
This is the very heart of the matter, isn’t it? Woodbridge (15) declared, “churches or schools which have become “theologically unclean” must be separated from! (2 Cor 6:17). Well, what is the definition of a disobedient brother? McCune, following Mark Sidwell (1998, 56) has perhaps the best definition:
“A professing Christian who deliberately refuses to change some aspect of his conduct to the clear teaching of Scripture is a disobedient brother,” (148).
McLachlan (132-133) echoes this point, noting we can differ over matters of preference, but not divide. Issues must not be superficial. “If there is no clear cut, ‘Thus saith the Lord,’ we shouldn’t judge and neither should we separate (Rom 14:10-13).” Fred Moritz has produced perhaps the most compact, yet comprehensive analysis of this matter from Scripture. All Christians should examine the texts below for themselves to reach their own conclusions. Moritz’s broad categories of disobedient brethren are as follows:
The Sinning Brother – Mt 18:15-17 (74-75):
The grounds for any separation is sin, not some trite issue. Christ does not differentiate between classes of sin. Separation is a last resort, and only then when reconciliation has failed. Moritz also cites Gal 5:19-21, specifically separation from brethren who indulge in doctrinal or moral heresy (81).
The Immoral & Unequally Yoked Brother – 1 Cor 5:1-11 (75-77):
Paul instructed the Corinthian church to separate from Christian brethren engaged in specific classes of sin (1 Cor 5:10). “[T]his passage commands separation from a disobedient brother on both theological and moral grounds,” (76-77).
The principle of separation from Christian brethren is precisely the same as it is with unbelievers. “Should a fellow Christian insist on remaining unequally yoked in such a way, the local church or believer must separate from him,” (77). Sin is the threshold, and God’s holiness the principle, of separation from brethren. “The local church is to be holy in doctrine and lifestyle,” (77).
The Lazy and Disobedient Brother – 2 Thess 3:6-15 (77-80):
The “tradition received” from Paul included the body of faith, specifically the entire contents of 1 Thess, of which “work” is only one issue (79). Moritz appeals to the example of 1 Cor 5, where Paul uses the pressing issue of sexual immorality to expand the application of separation to all manner of sins.
The disobedient brother’s lifestyle reflects poorly on the holiness of God (80). “This passage clearly teaches separation from brethren in Christ who are openly and willfully disobedient to the written, revealed Word of God and is not limited in its application to the lazy brother only,” (79). McLachlan agrees; “The passage does not restrict us to such a narrow or limited application. The particular event in this chapter may be indolence in view of Christ’s coming, but the general principle is disobedience to the whole of the Christian message as revealed in Scripture,” (135-136).
McLachlan is quick to emphasize that reconciliation is the goal of this separation. It is disgraceful in flavor (2 Thess 3:6, 14). Christians must withdraw from a disobedient brother, but never with a spirit of superiority. “This kind of shaming is designed to humble him, disgrace him, and hopefully alert him to the catastrophic consequences of refusal to pay heed to the Word of God . . . So while the immediate flavor is disgraceful the ultimate objective is beneficial,” (135).
The separation is gentle in its spirit. Christians must be relentless to defend the Word, but never heartless. “There are always those who are overly zealous to point out the faults of others and who seem to relish drastic responses,” (135).
The Divisive Brother – Titus 3:9-11 (Moritz, 80).
This includes separation from brethren who promote division. Moritz explained that the Greek behind the KJV translation “heretick” in Titus 3:10 refers to a self-willed opinion which is substituted for submission to the power of the truth. “Paul identifies the divisive man who, after the pattern of Acts 20:30 and 3 Jn 9, seeks for prominence in order to gain a following.” A heretic promotes a peculiar doctrine and is divisive in doing it. William Mounce (2000) referring to this divisive doctrine as “vacuous,” (453).
Parameters of Fellowship
Moritz remarked, “All ecclesiastical separation in the NT is on the local church level. It involves the church not working with unbelievers (2 Jn 8, 9) or separating from professing believers in sin (1 Cor 5). It must extend to personal fellowship between professing believers and application on the inter-church and interdenominational levels,” (personal communication, 15MAY13). In this vein, Ernest Pickering’s concept of different “levels” of fellowship is simply excellent, and a great help to any separatist (218). They are:
- Personal Christian fellowship between individual believers
- Local church fellowship
- Inter-church fellowship
- Interdenominational fellowship
We each engage in these types of fellowship regularly, but there are obvious limits to cooperative fellowship depending who we’re talking to. “It is impossible to have harmonious, working fellowship with all believers at all of these levels. Doctrinal considerations govern certain types of fellowship,” (219).
McLachlan asks us to consider whether a brother’s deviation is an isolated event or a continual pattern. “All of us, I think, would prefer to be judged by the ebb and flow of our lives and ministries rather than by the eddies, which seem at times to move against the main current,” (133).
McLachlan poses numerous questions for the separatist to consider (133):
- Is the position shift permanent or transient?
- Is the shift a major change in direction or a fleeing moment of experimentation?
- Is it an appeal for a new and un-Biblical theology, or merely an attempt at discovering a new and functional methodology, which might on the surface appear unconventional but is not unnecessarily un-Biblical?
Separation is a necessary complement to evangelism. Christians are commanded to be holy (Lev 19:2; 1 Pet 1:16) in order to show Christ to a lost world. It is this concern which informs Scriptural principles of separation from brethren.
“If the purity of the bride of Christ is not at stake, then we shall have to discipline ourselves against judgmental or pharisaical attitudes and actions toward our brothers with whom we disagree. On the other hand, if a specific behavioral pattern or belief system has the potential to defile the bride, then we shall have to love our brother enough to confront him Biblically . . . so that Christ’s cause does not suffer loss before the watching world,” (McLachlan, 133).
A Subjective Sinkhole?
Critics frequently charge so-called “secondary separation” with being little more than a subjective sinkhole. Moritz is quite correct to dismiss this as a smokescreen. Pickering’s words are particularly relevant here:
“First of all, it is very clear that no direct scriptural teaching will cover every problem we face. As in so many areas of Christian thought and life, we must determine our practice by the application of doctrines, principles and emphases that are found in the Bible. The exercise of personal judgment, in the light of known divine truths, is required. It is this element of separatism which non-separatists often attack . . . Yes, it is dangerous in the sense that not all will come up with the right answers and make the right judgments. Some will go to extremes. Nevertheless, it is a privilege given by God to each believer – the right of private judgment and soul liberty in things divine,” (222-223).
There is indeed an element of subjectivism at work. How could there not be? However, it is not nearly the sinkhole critics like John Rice claim it is. The chart below may assist brethren in making some practical applications in this regard (Oats):
The Bottom Line
Edward Hiscox (1893), in his enduring work on Baptist polity, had this to say:
“Nothing can be considered a just and reasonable cause for the withdrawal of fellowship, and exclusion of the Church, except it be clearly forbidden in, or manifestly contrary to, the Scriptures, and what would have prevented the reception of the individual into the Church had it existed at the time and been persisted in,” (180).
Hiscox’s was writing about ecclesiastical separation in the context of local church discipline, but his words are perfectly applicable here. A faithful, Biblical separatist considering separation from a Christian brother must subject an issue to the following litmus tests:
1. Is the Christian brother aiding or abetting apostates by continued organizational or cooperative alignment with them? If so, the faithful Christian must separate.
2. Is there a Scripturally defensible claim of doctrinal or ethical compromise in the life or ministry of the Christian brother? Let the honest separatist consider the following:
3. Is the issue at hand an explicit teaching, an implicit teaching, a principle or a mere personal preference from Scripture?
Separation complements evangelism; it is done to glorify God and obey His command to imitate His holiness in our lives (Eph 5:1; 1 Pet 1:14-16). The faithful Christian must prayerfully consider whether separation is truly warranted if the issue is not an explicit or implicit teaching of Scripture. Christians will inevitably differ on application of certain issues; some may even shift positions upon reflection. It is never easy to re-evaluate heretofore sacred “flash point” issues, particularly in light of Scripture. It occasionally goes against ingrained expectations. A fundamentalist, however, cannot forsake this responsibility and remain a Biblical separatist.
Hiscox, Edward. Principles and Practices for Baptist Churches. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1893. Reprinted with no date.
Marsden George M. Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
McCune, Rolland. Promise Unfulfilled: The Failed Strategy of Modern Evangelicalism.Greenville: Ambassador International, 2004.
McLachlan, Douglas. Reclaiming Authentic Fundamentalism. Independence: AACS, 1993.
Moritz, Fred. Be Ye Holy: The Call to Christian Separation. Greenville: BJU, 1994.
Mounce, William D. “Pastoral Epistles,” vol. 46, Word Biblical Commentary, ed. Bruce M. Metzger. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2000.
Oats, Larry. American Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism. Watertown: Maranatha Baptist Seminary, 2012.
Pickering, Ernest. Biblical Separation: The Struggle for a Pure Church. Schaumberg: Regular Baptist Press, 1979.
Rice, John R. Come Out or Stay In?Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1974.
Woodbridge, Charles. Biblical Separation. Halifax, Canada: People’s Gospel Hour, 1971.
Charles Woodbridge, Biblical Separation (Halifax, Canada: People’s Gospel Hour, 1971), 12. Retrieved electronically without page numbers – the pagination here is mine.
McCune’s quotation from Sidwell is longer than the one I included here. | <urn:uuid:85102f48-3d2d-4915-9dfe-eeded42aed56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eccentricfundamentalist.com/tag/douglas-mclachlan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.93621 | 4,912 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Primary data on skull and brain morphology for: Geographical patterns in seasonal changes of body mass, skull, and brain size of common shrews
Lázaro, Javier et al. (2021), Primary data on skull and brain morphology for: Geographical patterns in seasonal changes of body mass, skull, and brain size of common shrews, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tmvq
Some small mammals exhibit Dehnel’s Phenomenon, a drastic decrease in body mass, braincase and brain size from summer to winter, followed by regrowth in spring. This is accompanied by a reorganization of the brain and changes in other organs. The evolutionary link between these changes and seasonality remains unclear, although the intensity of change varies between locations as the phenomenon is thought to lead to energy savings during winter.
Here we explored geographic variation of the intensity of Dehnel’s Phenomenon in Sorex araneus. We compiled literature on seasonal changes in braincase size, brain and body mass, supplemented by our own data from Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic.
We analysed the effect of geographic and climate variables on the intensity of change and patterns of brain reorganization.
From summer to winter the braincase height decreased by 13%, followed by 10% regrowth in spring.
For body mass the changes were -21%/+82%, respectively. Changes increased towards northeast. Several climate variables were correlated with these transformations, confirming a link of the intensity of the changes with environmental conditions. This relationship differed for the decrease vs. regrowth, suggesting that they may have evolved under different selective pressures.
We found no geographic trends explaining variability in the brain mass changes although they were similar (-21%/+10%) to those of the braincase size. Underlying patterns of change in brain organisation in north-eastern Poland were almost identical to the pattern observed in southern Germany. This indicates that local habitat characteristics may play a more important role in determining brain structure than broad scale geographic conditions.
We discuss the techniques and criteria used for studying this phenomenon, as well as its potential presence in other taxa and the importance of distinguishing it from other kinds of seasonal variation. | <urn:uuid:be7b0eb5-fea8-4450-8f22-554c72e929a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://datadryad.org:443/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.n2z34tmvq | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.937852 | 472 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Brave New World Essay Conclusion
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About us FAQ Moneyback Guarantee Confidentiality Policy Brave New World Conclusion Essay, do my trig homework for me, compare and contrast nike and addidas essay, apa comparative essay example Free Prices Brave New World Conclusion Essay starting from High School - $10 College - $14 University - $17 Master's - $22 Ph.D. The difference between the methods of control in 1984 and BRAVE NEW WORLD is the difference between external control by force and internal control, enforced only by the citizen's own mind In Brave New World, Huxley warns of the dangers of giving the state control over new and powerful technologies. You can get Cheap essay writing help at iWriteEssays. Brave New World Summary. Brian M. | <urn:uuid:4685a33a-f4b1-4d88-b46c-68d63befe86f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://workplacesuicideprevention.com/brave-new-world-essay-conclusion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.924293 | 1,333 | 2.578125 | 3 |
On Tuesday 16th July, Professor Michele Ford, director of the Sydney Southeast Asia Centre at the University of Sydney and professor on Southeast Asian labour movements, spoke to AIIA NSW on the development of trade unions’ participation in Indonesian elections in the twenty first century. Professor Ford outlined how the interactions between labour movements and political parties has altered in the past three national Indonesian elections, following the end of the Suharto era. In a period where democracy and civil liberties seem to be regressing in Asia, Indonesia provides an encouraging example, although Professor Ford acknowledged a ‘democratic recession’ was underway.
Professor Ford began with an overview of the Indonesian trade union environment during the Suharto era, and its subsequent transformation since the turn of the century. The success of labour organisations to achieve meaningful political reform through old fashioned protesting means, such as blockades and strikes has led to two significant advances. The first was increased labour mobilisation, and the second greater participation in domestic politics at all levels. In the post-Suharto era, unions began to reach out to politicians, promising support in exchange for favourable policies. These alliances were critical for the Indonesian working class as important labour law reforms were achieved, ranging from minimum wage improvements (in some case above 50% increases) to improved working hours. Since the 2009 election, both trade unions and political parties have begun to approach one another to create alliances and garner support. For trade unions, these alliances enable them to push desired reforms. Likewise, political candidates are able to secure more votes.
Professor Ford argued that the outcome of this wider process of democratic engagement by Indonesian organised labor is allowing working-class citizens to perceive politics as not only belonging to the realm of the elite. In Indonesia, people primarily vote for a candidate based on their personality, or their family’s history. However, the presence of new social actors such as labour unions means that constituents are now starting to vote according to the candidates’ campaign promises on specific policy platforms.
The increasing labour mobilisation of workers in Indonesia and growing power of trade unions in Indonesian politics is significant for the emerging democracy. The higher levels of voter engagement over the past three national elections in 2009, 2014 and 2019 indicates the importance of social movements in Indonesian politics, and the meaningful policy changes they can produce. Prof Ford noted that in mature democracies voting on programmatic proposals like policy change may appear obvious, but this is not historically the case in Indonesia where voting has traditionally been along lines of patronage. Armed with several case studies from these elections, Professor Ford highlighted the impact of union campaigning on people’s voting, in some cases it led to a twenty-point jump in preferences. Professor Ford concluded with the observation that wide participation in politics is fundamental to democracy.
During the Q&A section, Professor Ford emphasised that Indonesia is the Southeast Asian state with the strongest trade unions and labour mobilisation, with the potential to influence the political tactics employed by unions in surrounding countries.
Report by Ludmilla Nunell
AIIA NSW Intern
AIIA NSW intern Ludmilla Nunell and Prof Michele ford | <urn:uuid:f4df78c9-2074-4ab1-81e7-d22339937439> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/news-item/politics-and-civil-society-in-southeast-asia-the-case-of-organised-labour-and-indonesias-elections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953193 | 630 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Boy Scouts and Cub Scouts alike are well known for their annual popcorn sale. Most people seem to either love it or hate it. Thankfully there was a lot more love to go around. Some family members would contact my parents every year to ask if I was still in Scouts, because they loved the popcorn flavors and wanted to get their annual fix.
To kick off the popcorn selling season, we would often have a big event as a pack, and they would usually even let us taste the new flavors of popcorn! I liked the flavors in the cheese lovers’ combo the best. It was also a good time to hang out with my friends and plan our strategy for how we would divide up the neighborhoods or sell popcorn together. Sometimes the pack would even throw us a “kickoff’ pizza party!
Then the sale would begin. We would have “show and sell” events, organized by the pack leaders, where two or more scouts would stand outside of local grocery stores, auto parts stores, camping stores, and so on. We were dressed in our uniforms with our best smiles on our faces. Anytime someone walked in or out of the store, we would offer them some popcorn. A lot of people just ignored us, but enough would stop and make a purchase, that we ended up selling a lot of popcorn on those days. It was a great way to increase our sales quickly!
We would also go door to door and sell our popcorn that way. We had to go in pairs or in a group for safety reasons. Often, if a Scout already lived in the neighborhood, most people would have already bought their popcorn from them. But this was also a pretty good way to sell popcorn.
Our pack asked all Scouts to sell a certain dollar amount to help cover their dues. While I was a Scout, they also introduced a program where the more popcorn you sold, it could reduce or even cover your dues completely. It was pretty cool, because then the goals became more meaningful. Of course, the organization offers prizes for certain sales goals too. One year I earned a pocket knife. Another year I earned a model airplane. They did a pretty good job of keeping us motivated!
When I was little I was not a very ambitious kid, and sometimes I would be embarrassed to have to ask anyone for anything. Because of this, asking people to buy something from me seemed pretty terrifying at first! However, I ended up being really glad I had to do the popcorn sales for just this reason. It really helped pull me out of my shell. It taught me that it never hurts to ask, and people are generally friendly and supportive! I also learned valuable selling skills and customer relations. I learned about setting goals and following through. I learned basic economic principles, and the value of a dollar. These skills help me out all the time in life today, whether I’m quoting a crawlspace encapsulation project, or helping to interview a new prospective employee. It was a great learning experience overall! | <urn:uuid:56020d33-032b-4793-8f56-8792befcf926> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.pack97hopkinton.org/popcorn-sale/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.987723 | 613 | 1.59375 | 2 |
How to convert 542 foot to meters?
|542 ft *||0.3048 m||= 165.2016 m|
A common question is How many foot in 542 meter? And the answer is 1778.2152231 ft in 542 m. Likewise the question how many meter in 542 foot has the answer of 165.2016 m in 542 ft.
How much are 542 feet in meters?
542 feet equal 165.2016 meters (542ft = 165.2016m). Converting 542 ft to m is easy. Simply use our calculator above, or apply the formula to change the length 542 ft to m.
542 ft in Meter, 542 Foot in m, 542 Feet to Meter, 542 ft to m, 542 Foot to Meters, 542 Feet to Meters, 542 Feet in Meters, | <urn:uuid:03504b76-2d4c-4b89-a341-00099dac7df4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://feet-to-meters.appspot.com/542-feet-to-meters.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.839847 | 193 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Should Teeth Have Any Mobility?
When you’re younger, loose teeth mean a future visit from the tooth fairy. When you’re an adult, it means future oral health problems.
Should teeth have any mobility?
Teeth should have some minor mobility – otherwise, oral appliances like braces or Invisalign wouldn’t be able to do their job. These devices slowly shift the teeth into their proper place, so some mobility from your teeth is required. However, when your teeth have so much mobility that they feel loose as they did when you were a child about to shed your baby teeth, this is a huge issue. Teeth mobility during adulthood is usually a sign of underlying health problems and should be treated right away before tooth loss occurs.
What causes tooth mobility?
Tooth mobility comes in many forms and each can lead to severe consequences for your overall health.
- Periodontal disease:This is a disease that starts in the gums but will eventually migrate to the teeth. When you have periodontal disease, bacterial plaque forms around the gum line and on the teeth before it hardens into tartar. This tartar allows for more plaque to form on top of it leading to inflamed gum tissue. When our gums are inflamed, they will become sensitive and possibly recede. The bones and connective tissue that keep our teeth in place become damaged – which, in some cases, can cause tooth loss. Periodontal disease is one of the most common causes of loose teeth in adults.
- Hormones caused by pregnancy: During pregnancy, the hormones estrogen and progesterone are so high in your body that it can cause the ligaments and bones around the teeth to loosen. When the bones and ligaments that surround the teeth become loose, our teeth follow suit. Generally, this corrects itself after you give birth and your hormones level off. But, it’s always best to consult your dentist if you notice that your teeth are extremely mobile during your pregnancy.
- Osteoporosis:This disease affects the bones by making them less dense. When our bones lose their density, they are more prone to fractures and can lead to loose teeth. Moreover, women with osteoporosis are more likely to experience tooth loss than their male counterparts. Also, certain osteoporosis medications can interfere with regular dental treatments causing a condition called osteonecrosis that can make the teeth move.
- Injury: A traumatic blow to the jaw or head can turn your teeth loose. When we are hit with extreme force, our teeth can shift from their sockets making them mobile. Many athletes who play contact sports like hockey or football experience teeth mobility due to the head injuries they receive during play. Even though they wear helmets and mouthguards, they are still susceptible to tooth movement.
- Teeth grinding:If you grind your teeth nightly or clench your jaws, you can experience loose teeth. The ligaments that hold your teeth in their sockets can stretch, leaving your teeth loose. You can wear a mouthguard at night to help with the grinding.
Do loose teeth lead to eventual tooth loss?
Unfortunately, loose teeth will lead to tooth loss if you do not take care of your oral health. At the first sign of tooth mobility, you should visit your dentist because losing a tooth as an adult is very different from when you lose one as a kid.
What happens when you lose a tooth as an adult?
When you’re younger and lose a baby tooth, a new adult tooth grows in. Unfortunately, when you lose a tooth during adulthood, your body does not automatically scramble to replace it with a fresh new tooth. Instead, you will need dental implants.
What are dental implants?
Dental implants are artificial replacements for missing teeth. They can replace the root or part of the tooth or the whole tooth. Implants are made of small metal posts that fuse with bone in a process called osseointegration. This process is completely safe and the metal used is biocompatible which means it causes no harm to the body. After osseointegration has taken place, a replacement tooth is fitted to your mouth. Dental implants look like real teeth and last a lifetime if you take care of them with regular brushing.
What happens if you don’t replace missing teeth?
If you don’t replace missing teeth you will not be able to chew or speak properly. You will also experience the loss of bone and lip support. Plus, the adjacent teeth will drift into the empty spaces leaving you with tooth decay.
Tooth mobility is never a good sign. With regular brushing and flossing, you can keep your teeth in good shape. However, if you notice that your tooth or several teeth feel loose, please contact Dawson Dental. If left untreated, a loose tooth (or teeth) can lead to severe oral health issues. | <urn:uuid:54e7600a-9906-46b0-8aae-52d219235fe0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dawsondental.ca/should-teeth-have-any-mobility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945735 | 1,009 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Förderverein Informationstechnik und Gesellschaft
CORDIS RTD-NEWS/c European Communities, 1999
Record Control Number : 12586 Date : 1999-03-29
Category : Event
General Information :
The INCORE Expert Conference, taking place in Brussels on 18 and 19 May, aims to create a generic rating and filtering system suitable for European Internet users.
On 21 December 1998, the Council of the European Union adopted an Action Plan for Promoting Safer Use of the Internet. One of the action lines involves support for the development of filtering and rating systems.
One step in this development is this two-day conference, organized by the INCORE (Internet Content Rating for Europe) project, funded by the EU's Action plan.
The official conference language will be English
Data Source Provider : INCORE
Document Reference : Based on an event announcement from INCORE.
Subject Index Codes : Telecommunications; Innovation, Technology Transfer; Information, Media
Contact Person :
For further information, please visit the European Commission website at:
or INCORE's own website: | <urn:uuid:3d0602c4-0790-44c6-bb16-aad9c98bf3d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fitug.de/news/newsticker/old/1999/newsticker310399110402.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.726843 | 283 | 1.71875 | 2 |
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