Split (1)

train · 2M rows

text stringlengths 160 608k	id stringlengths 47 47	dump stringclasses 2 values	url stringlengths 13 2.97k	file_path stringlengths 125 140	language stringclasses 1 value	language_score float64 0.65 1	token_count int64 48 145k	score float64 1.5 5	int_score int64 2 5
“Swirls of colour and pictures mix collectively as faces, surroundings, objects, and structure rework to music.” That is how AI coaching firm Lionbridge is describing Neural Synesthesia. Slashdot reader shirappu explains: Neural Synesthesia is an AI artwork undertaking that creator Xander Steenbrugge calls a collaboration between man and machine. To create each bit, he feeds a generative community with curated picture datasets and combines the ever-transforming outcomes with music that’s programmed to regulate the shifting visuals. Steenbrugge describes how the music controls the visuals in an interview with Lionbridge: I feel coding for the primary rendered video took over six months as a result of I used to be doing it in my spare time. The most important problem was the way to manipulate the generative adversarial community (GAN)’s latent enter house utilizing options extracted from the audio observe. I wished to create a satisfying match between visible and auditory notion for viewers. I apply a Fourier Rework to extract time various frequency parts from the audio. I additionally carry out harmonic/percussive decomposition, which mainly separates the melody from the rhythmic parts of the observe. These three indicators (instantaneous frequency content material, melodic vitality, and beats) are then mixed to control the GANs latent house, leading to visuals which are immediately managed by the audio… [Y]ou are usually not restricted by your individual creativeness. There’s a wholly alien system that can be influencing the identical house of concepts, typically in surprising and attention-grabbing methods. This leads you as a creator into areas you by no means would have wandered by your self. Learn extra of this story at Slashdot.	<urn:uuid:dbb96156-d5ea-4b47-8e2c-403b24f8c898>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.marketresearchreporting.com/2020/07/13/information-scientist-tries-ai-human-collaboration-for-audio-visible-artwork/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.931559	373	1.664063	2
Senate Democrats prepare government funding bill WASHINGTON (AP) — Senate Democrats are preparing a catchall government funding bill that denies President Barack Obama money for implementing signature first-term accomplishments like new regulations on Wall Street and his expansion of government health care subsidies but provides modest additional funding for domestic priorities like health research. The measure is the product of bipartisan negotiations and is the legislative vehicle to fund the day-to-day operations of government through Sept. 30 — and prevent a government shutdown when current funding runs out March 27. Passage in the Senate this week would presage an end to a mostly overlooked battle between House Republicans and Obama and his Senate Democratic allies over the annual spending bills required to fund federal agency operations. Sheryl Sandberg: On a mission to elevate women Sheryl Sandberg is not backing down. The Facebook chief operating officer’s book “Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead” goes on sale Monday amid criticism that she’s too successful and rich to lead a movement. But Sandberg says her focus remains on spurring action and progress among women. With “Lean In,” Sandberg aims to arm women with the tools and guidance they need to keep moving forward in the workforce. The book’s release is coupled with the launch of Sandberg’s LeanIn.org, a non-profit that will receive all of the book’s proceeds. America’s new love: Water NEW YORK (AP) — It wasn’t too long ago that America had a love affair with soda. Now, an old flame has the country’s heart. As New York City grapples with the legality of a ban on the sale of large cups of soda and other sugary drinks at some businesses, one thing is clear: Soda’s run as the nation’s beverage of choice has fizzled. In its place? A favourite for much of history: Plain old H2O. For more than two decades, soda was the No. 1 drink in the U.S. with per capita consumption peaking in 1998 at 54 gallons a year, according industry tracker Beverage Digest. Americans drank just 42 gallons a year of water at the time. But over the years, as soda increasingly came under fire for fueling the nation’s rising obesity rates, water quietly rose to knock it off the top spot. Recovery slow as Japan marks 2 years since tsunami TOKYO (AP) — Amid growing dissatisfaction with the slow pace of recovery, Japan marked the second anniversary Monday of the devastating earthquake and tsunami that left nearly 19,000 people dead or missing and has displaced more than 300,000. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that the government intends to make “visible” reconstruction progress and accelerate resettlement of those left homeless by streamlining legal and administrative procedures many blame for the delays. At observances in Tokyo and in still barren towns along the northeastern coast, those gathered bowed their heads in a moment of silence marking the moment, at 2:46 p.m. on March 11, 2011, when the magnitude 9.0 earthquake — the strongest recorded in Japan’s history — struck off the coast. What you ‘like’ on Facebook can be revealing LONDON (AP) — Clicking those friendly blue “like” buttons strewn across the Web may be doing more than marking you as a fan of Coca-Cola or Lady Gaga. It could out you as gay. It might reveal how you vote. It might even suggest that you’re an unmarried introvert with a high IQ and a weakness for nicotine. That’s the conclusion of a study published Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers reported analyzing the likes of more than 58,000 American Facebook users to make guesses about their personalities and behaviour, and even whether they drank, smoked, or did drugs. EU bans cosmetics with animal-tested ingredients BRUSSELS (AP) — The European Union banned the sale of new cosmetic products containing ingredients tested on animals Monday. Animal rights groups were quick to cheer the measure, but Cosmetics Europe, a trade body representing the EU’s $93 billion industry, said the ban “acts as a brake on innovation.” While the industry’s rabbits, mice or guinea pigs used in testing will now be spared, consumers are unlikely to notice immediate changes because products containing ingredients that were tested on animals before the ban can remain on the shelves. Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba names new CEO BEIJING (AP) — Alibaba Group, one of the world’s biggest e-commerce companies, said Monday its executive vice-president will succeed founder Jack Ma as chief executive. Ma, 48, announced in January he was stepping down as CEO to make way for younger leaders. He stayed on as chairman. Jonathan Lu Zhaoxi, a 13-year veteran of the company, will take over in May as CEO, said the company, based in the eastern city of Hangzhou. Icahn signs confidentiality agreement with Dell Billionaire investor Carl Icahn, who is fighting Dell Inc. founder Michael Dell’s plan to take the struggling company private, has entered a confidentiality agreement that would give him access to the computer maker’s financial records. Michael Dell, who is also Dell’s CEO, is planning a $24.4 billion buyout that would make the Round Rock, Texas, company a privately-owned business. But Icahn and other investors say the price of $13.65 per share is too low. Icahn’s company, Icahn Enterprises, has said it holds a substantial stake in the company. New BlackBerry coming to the US on March 22 TORONTO (AP) — BlackBerry-maker Research In Motion will launch its new touchscreen smartphone in the U.S. with AT&T on March 22. The release will come several weeks after RIM launched the much-delayed devices elsewhere. AT&T said Monday that the Z10 will be available for $199.99 with a two-year contract. Sales of the device began in the U.K. and Canada shortly after RIM unveiled the phone in late January. The redesigned BlackBerry is RIM’s attempt at a comeback. The pioneering brand lost its cachet not long after Apple’s 2007 release of the iPhone, which reset consumers’ expectations for what a smartphone should do. By The Associated Press(equals) The Dow Jones industrial average rose 50.22 points to end the day at 14,447.29, an increase of 0.3 per cent. The Standard & Poor’s 500 index edged up 5.04 points, or 0.3 per cent, to close at 1,556.22. The Nasdaq composite added 8.51 points to 3,252.87. Benchmark oil rose 11 cents to end at $92.06 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Brent crude, used to price many kinds of oil imported by U.S. refineries, fell 63 cents to finish at $110.22 a barrel on the ICE Futures exchange in London. Wholesale gasoline fell 5 cents to end at $3.15 a gallon. Heating oil slipped 1 cent to finish at $2.97 a gallon. Natural gas rose 2 cents to end at $3.65 per 1,000 cubic feet.	<urn:uuid:3b8f0b4e-8506-4a9b-b0ef-bad4a5b7565f>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/business-highlights-4/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.939036	1,585	1.65625	2
General admission can be reserved in advance and is always FREE for residents of Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties. Browse our vast collection online and learn more about the art and its conservation. Discover what's happening at your DIA and what the DIA is doing in your community. Bring the DIA to your home or classroom with resources for students, teachers, families and everyone. Did you know DIA is free for everyone living in Macomb, Oakland, and Wayne counties? Learn more about how we impact our community inside and outside of our walls. Etching printed in black ink on laid paper Gift of Mrs. James E. Scripps Prints, Drawings & Photographs Watermark, obscured by image, center of sheet Scripps stamp, verso (Lugt Suppl. 2357a) [date, 1895, added in ink to the stamp] Inscribed, in plate, top left edge: P. Pot. Inscribed, verso: [notations] 1895, F. Meyer, Dresden. 1909-present, gift to the Detroit Institute of Arts (Detroit, Michigan, USA) Jan van Aken, Travelers on Horseback, 17th century, etching printed in black ink on laid paper. Detroit Institute of Arts, Gift of Mrs. James E. Scripps, 09.1S7. Jan van Aken Hans Sebald Beham Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn	<urn:uuid:10bc4543-1692-4d54-9725-a6518458038d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://dia.org/collection/travelers-horseback-24330	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz	en	0.860661	336	1.859375	2
State governments across the United States are slashing funding for services for the mentally ill. The unsurprising result is more mentally ill people without homes. Mother Jones reports that “between 2009 and 2012, states cut a total of $4.35 billion in public mental-health spending from their budgets.” South Carolina cut nearly 40 percent of its budget for mental health. In Illinois it was close to 32 percent. Alabama plans to close most of its psychiatric hospitals. Where will those patients go? They will join their fellow sufferers on the streets. The reasons, as described by The National Coalition for the Homeless, are obvious: Serious mental illnesses disrupt people’s ability to carry out essential aspects of daily life, such as self care and household management. Mental illnesses may also prevent people from forming and maintaining stable relationships or cause people to misinterpret others’ guidance and react irrationally. This often results in pushing away caregivers, family, and friends who may be the force keeping that person from becoming homeless. As a result of these factors and the stresses of living with a mental disorder, people with mentally illnesses are much more likely to become homeless than the general population While 6 percent of the general population is severely mentally ill, one-third of homeless people have untreated mental illnesses. The New York Times wrote in 1998 that there were so many mentally ill homeless people in Berkeley, California, “it’s like a mental ward on the streets.” In Roanoke, Virginia, 70 percent of homeless people had mental health problems, and the homeless population there grew 363 percent over 20 years. Last month Hawaii News Now reported that 60% of homeless people in one survey were mentally ill. That is ten percent more than in 2012. In San Luis Obispo, California, 64 percent of homeless people who sought help were mentally ill. There were probably others not mentally capable of seeking help, who would have increased that percentage. The budget cuts are making things worse. The results are nightmarish existences. According to the Mental Illness Policy Organization, The quality of life for these individuals is abysmal. Many are victimized regularly. One study found that 28 percent of homeless people with previous psychiatric hospitalizations obtained some food from garbage cans and 8 percent used garbage cans as a primary food source. These are helpless people. Hawaii’s Institute for Human Services’ Marc Alexander says, “they really need our help. They cannot help themselves.” We might as well dump children by the side of the road to fend for themselves. By cutting their budgets for mental health services, states are not saving themselves money. It costs less to treat people appropriately, including providing housing, than it does to pay for the emergency room services, shelters and prisons they wind up in instead, according to a 2007 study reported in the Los Angeles Times. That “providing housing” part is key, but it’s not enough on its own. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless, Even if homeless individuals with mental illnesses are provided with housing, they are unlikely to achieve residential stability and remain off the streets unless they have access to continued treatment and services. Research has shown that supported housing is effective for people with mental illnesses. In addition to housing, supported housing programs offer services such as mental health treatment, physical health care, education and employment opportunities, peer support, and daily living and money management skills training. Successful supported housing programs include outreach and engagement workers, a variety of flexible treatment options to choose from, and services to help people reintegrate into their communities. Homeless people with mental illnesses are more likely to recover and achieve residential stability if they have access to supported housing programs. Unfortunately, lack of funding is a significant barrier to the successful implementation of supported housing programs. Helping homeless people with mental health problems isn’t a question of finding and spending more money. We already are spending that money, to fund prisons, shelters, emergency rooms, and other safety-net institutions. The question is directing the money to the right place: supported housing programs, where people get both housing and help with their mental illness and with day-to-day life. All it takes is the political will at the state level. Sadly, political will is in very short supply these days. Please sign our petition to ask your state’s governor to adequately fund supported housing programs for homeless people with mental illness.	<urn:uuid:eacae493-3d02-4517-bf06-bc1cf27d45f7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://truthout.org/articles/more-mentally-ill-becoming-homeless-because-states-wont-help/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.968719	911	2.421875	2
Health staff across Australia have been telling us for years, there's a crisis within our health system, particularly with our public hospitals. It does have a lot to do with our funding model but there are also problems outside the hospital system that need attention. Jennifer Doggett from the Centre for Health Policy Development explains. And the debate about working from home continues with disparities between what employers and employees want. Some interesting studies in the US have highlighted how it is affecting the labour force but also, inflation. Ragan Petrie, an applied microeconomist who holds positions in Australia and US, discusses these findings. Jennifer Doggett, Fellow at the Centre for Health Policy Development and an editor of Croaky Health Media. Ragan Petrie, Professorial Fellow at the Melbourne Institute at the University of Melbourne and Professor in the Department of Economics at Texas A&M University. - Ricahard Aedy, presenter - Kate MacDonald, producer	<urn:uuid:8ed120b5-2219-43e7-bd2c-969cd401e2f6>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/themoney/solutions-to-the-health-crisis-and-labour-factors-involved-in-w/13982658	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.941138	199	1.554688	2
Today I had an avocado for my lunch and when I cut it open, I found a big seed inside! I decided to try to grow it so here is what I did. First, I got everything that I needed. I got the seed, a pot, some soil and some water. Next, I put some soil in the bottom of the pot, put my seed in and covered it up with more soil. Then I watered it and put the pot on the windowsill so it would get lots of light. While i was planting the seed I remembered a song so I sang it and thoought you might like to learn it too. Here is a link: You could find a seed and plant it too. Maybe you have an avocado at home, or an orange or an apple which have seeds in them. I’m excited to see what you have planted. Don’t forget to water your seeds! Here is a story about an avocado which you can listen to also, it is one of my favourites!	<urn:uuid:49b92724-2b68-46da-b5e5-2ec8c92e2df1>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://kelvedonacademy.com/blogs/nursery-blog/2021/02/find-a-little-seed/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.976886	218	2.171875	2
Paper industry is one of the traditional industries as the products are widely used in day to day transactions, for instance, currency note, draft paper and newspaper. Papers are made with the pulp of the woods with treatment at a high temperature environment to disintegrate lignin as well as to remove impurities from the pulps. Both pulp and paper are extracted and processed from cellulose fibres together with various plant materials. With adding specific synthetic ingredients, the final products could achieve certain paper quality desired. Paper is made through the following processes: 1) Pulping procedure to clean the fibres 2) Refining procedure 3) Dilution process 4) Formation of thin fibres 5) Pressurisation to enhance density 6) Drying of materials 7) Finishing procedure Certain paper product ranges are made with different raw materials. These paper product ranges use cotton linters, bagasse and rags. Other products like cellulose acetate, rayon are used in packaging films. With an objective of maintaining fibre strength and removing lignin, pulp and paper go through a pulping process. In avoiding paper from discolouration in the future, the pulping process focuses on removing the impurities. By doing so, it would probably help to reduce the chance of paper disintegration in future. Hemicellulose is added in the paper forming process. Hemicellulose is an important component extracted from plant cell walls. Due to hemicellulose etherification increasing solubility and stability against microorganisms to prevent fermentation, it plays a critical role in fibre bonding in paper making processes. However, certain plant contents are removed during the pulping process because they do not add value to paper strength properties. Recycled paper or used paper go through a purifying process. Occasionally, the ink on used paper is required to be removed. These recycled paper and used paper are mixed with virgin fibres and formed to become new paper products. Another application of the Ferrari paper industry fan is for pneumatic transportation and pressurisation in diaper manufacturing plants. The major component of a diaper is synthetic disposable material. The disposable diapers contain absorbent chemicals to absorb the waste. Polypropylene is used in the inner lining of the disposable diapers and it helps to prevent the outer cloth from being soaked. With new advancement in manufacturing technologies in the diaper industry, biodegradable diapers and diaper safety have become popular trends in the industry. Another important trend in the diaper industry is the surge demand of adult diapers as the aging population increases globally. It will soon generate high demand across the globe and would become necessary products to the ordinary aging population. Diaper industry manufacturers focus on producing affordable diapers and training pants and gaining market share in the competitive diaper market globally. Ferrari Ventilation offers a wide range of industrial fans and blower fans for the paper industry and diaper industry. The paper machines require a high pressure dryer and heater box fan equipment. Our paper industrial fans, for pulp and paper, are typically used in the drying process for the production of paper and used stainless-steel construction for the dust suction. Industry: Paper and Diaper Industry Fan Type: High volume / pneumatic transportation Ferrari industrial fan Fan Quantity: 5 Units, max 132 kW Description: High pressure industrial fans applied in the forming process during the vacuum phase. Pneumatic transportation fan mostly installed in the production waste section. Sometimes stainless-steel industrial fans are requested for the dust suction purpose. Industrial Fan for Pulp & Paper Industry Ferrari Asia Ventilation Offering fan solutions for textile industry to meet your exact specifications. hemical pulp is produced by combining wood chips and chemicals in large vessels called digesters. There, heat and chemicals break down lignin, which binds cellulose fibres together, without seriously degrading the cellulose fibres. Some processes may require pretty high temperature, up to 450°C for the drying paper pulp odd cellulose compound. Chemical pulp is used for materials that need to be stronger or combined with mechanical pulps to give a product different characteristics. iaper machine integrates several processes to fabricate the final diaper products in an automatic manner, from pulp roll stand, screenless hammermill double feeding, glue application system, drum forming with or without core compressor, Tissue and SAP Applicator. Due to different age groups and body sizes, the machines are designed to accommodate flexible sizes according to customer’s specification, e.g. width range 220 mm to 400 mm and length range 350 mm to 600 mm issue machine forming section distributes the stock evenly along the entire width of the tissue machine into the gap between the wire and the felt. After the forming and pressing processes, the drying section focuses on removing water from the tissue web by evaporation, with circulation of hot air in this section. Typical methods for tissue making is cylinder drying, it is vital to ensure maximum drying efficiency with minimum energy consumption.	<urn:uuid:56ce183d-a027-488a-ad5f-e221d69569a4>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.ferrariasiaventilation.com/pf/industrial-fan-pump-paper-manufacturer/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz	en	0.912822	1,028	3.3125	3
When you think of self-care what comes to mind? Most of us would say a massage, manicures, and pedicures, a long bath, maybe exercise. These are ways to perform self-care, but it is so much more than that. International Self-Care Day International Self-Care Day (ISCD) was established in 2011 to increase awareness surrounding self-care and empowering the population with the knowledge to become active participants in their health and wellness. In 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) announced self-care month running from June 24th to July 24th, with the last day of the celebration being an international day of recognition. Why July 24th? July 24th or 7/24 is meant to symbolize the importance of self-care seven days per week and 24 hours per day. It is a reminder, no matter how busy we are, self-care should be prioritized and modeled to future generations. Self-Care and Self-Love Go Hand in Hand As a parent, spouse, sibling, child, and friend it can be easy to see the beauty and positivity in others. We can look at a photo of them without judgment. We can applaud their successes and help them find the lessons in their “failures.” What happens when it is us? Most of us are quick to point out our flaws, shortcomings, and mistakes. We put ourselves down and expect more, expect better. We are our own worst critics and anything short of perfection is not good enough (or maybe that’s just me). Although it is good to learn, grow and improve from our experiences, it is even more important to appreciate our effort along the way. It is important to speak to ourselves the same way we speak to our children and friends. You would never tell your friend she looks fat in a photograph. You would never tell your child they are not smart enough or good enough. You would come to them with love and encouragement. You would tell them they tried their best. You would tell your friend how beautiful she was. This is how you should talk to yourself. You are the most important person in your life and you should start acting like it. Learning to love with yourself through the ups and downs, triumphs and mistakes is the ultimate act of self-care. How to Practice Self-Care Practicing self-care should be a priority every day. It should be written into your schedule the same as a doctor’s appointment or meeting at work. It should be a non-negotiable, no matter how full your life is. Daily self-care does not need to be an extravagant outing. It does not need to cost money. And it does not need to take much time. Spending 10 minutes focusing on yourself every day can be enough! - Wake up before your children to enjoy a cup of coffee in the quiet of your home. - Make a list of questions before you go to see any of your medical providers (doctor, dentist, chiropractor). - Meditate while waiting in the pick-up line at school. - Prepare healthy snacks or plan healthy dinners ahead of time. - Stretch and breathe for five minutes after your child goes down for a nap before resting yourself. - Do your own research regarding medical diagnoses and treatments. - Put your baby in a carrier and toddler in the stroller with a snack and take a walk around the neighborhood. - Learn to say no! (This is one I REALLY need to work on). We have all heard the saying, “You cannot pour from an empty cup.” Or that you should always put your oxygen mask on first before helping others on an airplane. Although you have heard these statements before it is time you start acting on them and prioritizing self-care. If I were a betting woman, I would say you want your children to make themselves a priority as they grow into adolescence and adulthood. You want them to feel good physically and mentally so they can continue to be the best versions of themselves. You are no different. Make yourself a priority always. Without guilt. Without shame. Without excuses. Your children, spouse, family, and friends will thank you for it! On this international day of celebration, I challenge you to brainstorm ideas and start a daily self-care practice.	<urn:uuid:4d3ebe51-ace0-478e-a480-58cc382a7ca6>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://charleston.momcollective.com/health-wellness/international-self-care-day-and-some-ways-to-practice-it/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.970442	906	2.5625	3
CHRONOLOGICAL NOTES ON BYZANTINE DOCUMENTS VIII1 85. "New Style" Reckoning in the Later Sixth Century In an important article2 E. Stein identified a "style nouveau" employed under Justinus II, whereby in some contexts the actual year of the emperor's consulate is numbered as year 1 ETT& T~v ObncTEcav or post consulatum, "after the consulate," whereas before this time (and still in many texts of this time), the yearafter the consulate was usually numbered "one," i.e. the first post-consular year. This "style nouveau" is found already under Justinian, in the count of the postconsular years of Fl. Basilius, but our inquiry in the present case is limited to Justinus II and later reigns. To put things in tabular form, the difference between "old" and "new" styles is as follows: Orthodox count "New Style" count 566 cos. Justinus p.c. Justinus, year 1 567 p.c. Justinus, year 1 p.c. Justinus, year 2 568 p.c. Justinus, year 2 p.c. Justinus, year 3 What is peculiar about "new style" is obviously that it combines reference to postconsulate with a numbering which takes its start not from the year after the consulate but from the year of the consulate itself. This type of numbering from the start of the consulate we will refer to as "consular." Stein cited (320-21, nn. 4 and 5) three examples from the papyri among his documentation, which also includes inscriptions, for the New Style: BGU III 838, PSI III 243, and P.oxy. VII 1042. No more have been found from this reign since he wrote. "New Style" in these three cases, it should be emphasized, consists of the consular count coupled with the phrase 1 For the purpose of this series and the abbreviations used, see BASP 15 2 "Post-consulat et AYTOKPATOPIA," Melanges Bidez (Bruxelles 1934) 869-912 = Opera Minora Selecta (Amsterdam 1968) 315-58. We cite according to the pages of the latter edition.	<urn:uuid:f50b2678-2cfe-447b-848b-8813932e57b5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/basp/0599796.0018.001/35?page=root;size=100;view=text	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.897884	526	1.804688	2
Early Human Development 91 (2015) 541–546 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Early Human Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earlhumdev Healthy Late-preterm infants born 33–36 + 6 weeks gestational age have higher risk for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization Alison M. Helfrich a,b,⁎, Cade M. Nylund b, Matthew D. Eberly b, Matilda B. Eide b, David R. Stagliano a,b a b Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 17 April 2015 Received in revised form 26 June 2015 Accepted 30 June 2015 Keywords: Respiratory syncytial virus Late preterm Lower respiratory tract infection Prematurity Palivizumab Bronchiolitis a b s t r a c t Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization for children b1 year old and is more severe in premature infants. Objective: To assess whether late preterm (LPT) birth is an independent risk factor for RSV hospitalization and more severe RSV disease in children less than 24 months old. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children enrolled in the military health system. LPT birth was deﬁned as 33 + 0 through 36 + 6 weeks gestation. Patients who received palivizumab or had known risk factors for RSV were excluded. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for LPT birth were calculated using a Cox proportional hazard model, while controlling for sex and RSV season. Severity of illness was assessed by comparing the need for respiratory support, length of stay, and age at RSV hospitalization between LPT and term children. Results: A total of 599,535 children for 1,216,382 person-years were studied, of which 7597 children were admitted for RSV infection. LPT infants accounted for 643 (8.5%) of these RSV hospitalizations. The incidence density for RSV hospitalization of LPT infants was higher than term children (12.1 vs 7.8 per 1000 person-years). LPT infants had an increased adjusted risk for RSV hospitalization; speciﬁcally, those born 33 + 0 through 34 + 6 weeks (HR 2.45; 95% conﬁdence interval (CI) 1.96–3.07), and 35 + 0 through 36 + 6 weeks (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.66–2.22). LPT infants had longer hospital stays and required more respiratory support than term children. Conclusions: LPT birth is an independent risk factor for severe RSV disease and need for hospitalization. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 1. Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of hospitalizations in children b1 year old and infects nearly all children by age two [1,2]. RSV-related hospitalizations account for 24% of an estimated 5.5 million lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children b5 years of age, which is an estimated 132,000 to 172,000 hospitalized children annually . LRTI may account for up to 55% of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions, with a signiﬁcant proportion (30%) of these hospitalizations occurring in premature infants . Overall, RSV disease in children (and particularly in preterm infants) incurs both a signiﬁcant cost and resource burden on the US health system [5,6]. Abbreviations: AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics; ACOG, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; AHR, Absolute Hospitalization Rate; CHD, Congenital heart disease; CI, Conﬁdence intervals; CLD, Chronic lung disease; ICD-9-CM, International Classiﬁcation of Disease, 9th revision, Clinical Modiﬁcation; HR, Adjusted hazard ratio; IDRSV, Incidence density for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization; IQR, Interquartile range; LPT, Late preterm; LRTI, Lower respiratory tract infection; MHS, Military health system; PICU, Pediatric intensive care unit; RR, Relative risk; RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus; WGA, Weeks gestational age. ⁎ Corresponding author at: Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20889. Tel.: +1 412 874 9476. E-mail address: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.06.009 0378-3782/Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody that is used for immunoprophylaxis against RSV, speciﬁcally to reduce disease severity in high-risk populations. High-risk children are considered those b2 years old who require therapy for chronic lung disease (CLD) or hemodynamically-signiﬁcant congenital heart disease (CHD), are unable to handle respiratory secretions from neuromuscular disease or anatomical airway abnormalities, are severely immunodeﬁcient, and/or have premature birth [7–13]. A recent study also shows Down syndrome as a risk factor for severe RSV disease with increased risk for hospitalization . In the phase III trial used to support licensure, palivizumab reduced RSV-related hospitalizations by 80% in infants born 32 through 35 weeks gestational age (WGA) . After initial licensure, and until recommendations were revised in 2009, palivizumab was used for premature infants born between 32 and 35 WGA, who were less than six months of age at the beginning of the RSV season with at least two of ﬁve additional risk factors. In 2009, in an attempt to reduce overall healthcare cost and better target those born between 32 and 35 WGA at highest risk for severe RSV disease, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Infectious Diseases narrowed the guidelines for palivizumab immunoprophylaxis use in these premature infants . The 2009 guidelines re-emphasize that, when prematurity is the only risk factor for severe RSV disease, both gestational and chronological age should A.M. Helfrich et al. / Early Human Development 91 (2015) 541–546 determine if palivizumab is warranted. However, in 2014 these guidelines were updated and eliminated late preterm infants as a high risk group. The AAP now recommends limiting palivizumab immunoprophylaxis to premature infants born less than or equal to 29 + 0 WGA, unless an additional concomitant risk factor is present . Premature births b37 WGA accounted for 11.4% of all births in the US in 2013, of which 70% were infants born 34 to 36 WGA . Late preterm (LPT) infants, as deﬁned by the AAP and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), are infants born between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 WGA . When compared to term infants, LPT infants have a three- to ﬁve-fold higher rate for overall mortality and are at higher risk of developing medical complications during infancy [19,20]. McLaurin et al. studied different causes of hospitalization for LPT and term infants during the ﬁrst year of life. Their study demonstrated that LPT infants were almost twice as likely to be hospitalized than term infants, with over 50% of the hospitalizations due to respiratory or gastrointestinal disorders . Although LPT infants were no longer recommended to receive RSV immunoprophylaxis by the 2014 AAP guidelines, the risk of RSV hospitalization and burden of disease in this population may be signiﬁcantly higher than in term children. Our objective is to assess whether healthy LPT infants born at 33 + 0 to 36 + 6 WGA, who did not receive palivizumab prophylaxis, are at greater risk for RSV hospitalization as compared to healthy term infants. We hypothesized that healthy LPT infants who did not receive palivizumab prophylaxis have increased rates of RSV hospitalization and more severe RSV disease than healthy term infants. 2. Methods 2.1. Study design and source We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the risk and rate of RSV hospitalization among healthy LPT infants to those of healthy term infants utilizing the Military Health System (MHS) database. The Department of Defense's health care program, known as TRICARE, provides beneﬁts to members of the uniformed services and their families. TRICARE billing data of all beneﬁciaries is recorded in the MHS database, and contains inpatient, outpatient, and outpatient pharmacy data from both military and civilian treatment facilities (Fig. 1). This database includes a diversity of socioeonomic classes throughout the United States [21,22]. 2.2. Inclusion and exclusion criteria The MHS database was queried for all children born between 1 October 2005 and 30 April 2011 who were enrolled for more than 90 days of life. Subjects were followed until 24 months of age or healthcare disenrollment, whichever occurred earlier. Subjects were identiﬁed as having a hospitalization for RSV and/or risk factors for RSV using their International Classiﬁcation of Disease, 9th revision, Clinical Modiﬁcation (ICD-9-CM) diagnostic codes. ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes divide infants by their various gestational ages into the following subcategories: 31– 32 weeks completed gestation (756.26), 33–34 weeks completed gestation (765.27), 35–36 weeks completed gestation (756.28), and 37 or more weeks gestation (756.29), with similar categories for infants born less than 31 weeks gestation. Because we utilized ICD-9-CM codes to deﬁne our population, we were unable to remove those infants born 33 WGA from the analysis without also excluding 34 WGA infants. Therefore our study deﬁnition of LPT differs from the standard deﬁnition by including 33 WGA infants. We deﬁned healthy LPT infants as infants born at 33 + 0 WGA through 36 + 6 WGA without known risk factors for severe RSV disease and who did not receive palivizumab. LPT infants were then divided into two LPT cohorts based on gestational Fig. 1. Study Proﬁle: military-dependent children b24 months-old born between 1 October 2005 and 30 April 2011. age and the aforementioned ICD-9-CM codes: 33–34 completed WGA and 35–36 weeks completed WGA. These cohorts are referred to as 33–34 WGA and 35–36 WGA within the statistical analysis, while the overall LPT group included all the patients within both cohorts. The control group consisted of healthy term infants who were within the same age range during the same time frame as the LPT infants, who did not have a risk factor for severe RSV disease and who did not receive palivizumab. (See Table 1.) An event was deﬁned as the ﬁrst hospitalization of an individual patient with any primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of RSV disease, as deﬁned by the following ICD-9-CM codes: RSV disease (079.6), bronchiolitis due to RSV (466.11), or pneumonia due to RSV (480.1). Each study year was deﬁned broadly as July of the initial year through June the following year, i.e., study year 2 was July 2006 to June 2007. Study year 1 (October 2005 to June 2006) and study year 6 (July 2010 to April 2011) were exceptions because the dataset obtained from the MHS database started in October 2005 and ended in April 2011. From our initial patient population, we then excluded all patients who were considered high-risk for severe RSV disease or received palivizumab in the inpatient or outpatient setting. High-risk patients were deﬁned by the ICD-9-CM codes for the following conditions: premature birth less than or equal to 32 + 6 WGA, hemodynamicallysigniﬁcant heart disease, CHD of unknown signiﬁcance, CLD, congenital airway anomalies, cystic ﬁbrosis, neuromuscular disease, immunodeﬁciency, and Down syndrome (Table 2). Hemodynamically-signiﬁcant heart disease was deﬁned by the presence of heart failure and/or pulmonary hypertension. CHD of unknown signiﬁcance was deﬁned by cardiac conditions that could potentially be hemodynamically signiﬁcant, but not cardiac and/or vascular conditions that were unlikely to cause hemodynamically-signiﬁcant heart disease. Palivizumab administration was identiﬁed by diagnostic, procedural, and drug codes (Table 2). Data obtained from individual hospitalizations included date of admission, age of the patient at admission, sex, length of stay, or use of respiratory support. Use of respiratory support was deﬁned as use of an airway adjunct, need for respiratory intubation and/or mechanical ventilation as identiﬁed by ICD-9-CM clinical procedure codes (Table 2). The study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. All patient data were de-identiﬁed. A.M. Helfrich et al. / Early Human Development 91 (2015) 541–546 Table 1 Study demographics.a N Male Sexc RSV Hospitalization Males with RSV Hospitalization 5938 3192 (54) 164 84 (51) 19,952 10,581 (53) 479 278 (58) 25,890 13,773 (53) 643 362 (56) 573,645 291,387 (51) 6954 3959 (57) 599,535 305,160 (51) 7597 4321 (57) Weeks gestational age is abbreviated by WGA. Late preterm is abbreviated by LPT. Respiratory syncytial virus is abbreviated by RSV. a Data are presented as numbers (percent) unless otherwise indicated. b LPT includes both 33–34 WGA and 35–36 WGA cohorts. c Sex was unknown for 2620 patients within the study. 2.3. Statistical analysis Absolute hospitalization rate (AHR) was calculated by dividing the number of patients admitted for RSV by the total number of patients studied in each cohort. The incidence density for RSV hospitalization (IDRSV) was calculated by dividing the number of patients hospitalized for RSV by the person-years at risk. The non-normally distributed variables, length of stay and age at time of RSV hospitalization, were expressed as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR) in days and months. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare length of stay and age for LPT versus term infants, while the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare across the two independent LPT cohorts and term infants. The chi-squared test and relative risk (RR) were used to Table 2 International Classiﬁcation of Disease, 9th revision, Clinical Modiﬁcation Codes. Used to indicate risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization, procedures, and therapeutic interventions. Diagnosis Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease (including bronchiolitis and pneumonia) Prematurity Term birth Hemodynamically Signiﬁcant Heart Disease (including pulmonary hypertension, heart failure) Congenital Heart Disease of unknown signiﬁcance (including cardiomyopathy) Chronic Lung Disease Congenital Pulmonary Anomalies Cystic Fibrosis Neuromuscular disease 079.6, 466.11, 480.1 Immunodeﬁciency Down Syndrome Palivizumab Airway adjunct, respiratory intubation and mechanical ventilation 765a 765.29 416b, 417b, 428b 425b, 745b, 746c 747d 770.7 748b 277.0b 330.0–330.3, 330.8, 330.9, 331.81, 331.89, 331.9, 333.0–333.7, 333.71, 333.72, 334.0–334.4, 334.8, 334.9, 335.0, 335.1, 335.11, 335.19, 335.20–335.24, 335.29, 335.8, 335.9, 336.1, 336.2, 336.3, 336.8, 336.9 279b 758.0 V04.82; CPT 90378; NDC 605744113, 605744114 93.90e, 93.92e, 96.01e, 96.02e, 96.04e, 96.05e, 96.7–96.72e American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology Code is abbreviated by CPT. National Drug Code is abbreviated by NDC. a Includes all diagnostic subcodes with exclusion of 765.27 (37 or more completed weeks gestation). b Includes all diagnostic subcodes. c Includes all diagnostic subcodes with exclusion of 746.86 (congenital heart block). d Includes all diagnostic subcodes with exclusion of 747.0 (patent ductus arteriosus), 747.5 (absence or hypoplasia of umbilical artery), 747.6–747.69 (other congenital anomalies of peripheral vascular system), 747.8–747.89 (other speciﬁed anomalies of the circulatory system). e International Classiﬁcation of Disease, 9th revision, Clinical Modiﬁcation procedure codes. evaluate the proportion of LPT versus term infants requiring respiratory support. Single event analysis was performed utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model including sex and premature gestational groups as independent, time-ﬁxed variables. The hazard ratios were calculated for the entire cohort period of 24 months. In an effort to evaluate and compare differences in the association between LPT birth and RSV disease by chronologic age, four additional models were evaluated by the age groups: 0–3 months, 3–6 months, 6–12 months and 12–24 months. The ﬁnal models included all of the individual RSV study years as time-dependent, stratiﬁcation variables. The covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were reported with 95% conﬁdence intervals (CI). For visualization purposes, we plotted estimated survival curves for each late preterm group and term infants. An alpha of 0.05 was used to determine signiﬁcance. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). 3. Results A total of 599,535 children under 24 months-old and 1,216,382 person-years were studied, of which 25,890 (4.3%) were healthy LPT children (Fig. 1). There was a higher proportion of males who were LPT within the studied cohort than term (53% vs. 51%; P b 0.001). Overall, 7,597 children were admitted for RSV and 8.5% of these hospitalizations occurred in LPT children. LPT infants had an absolute hospitalization rate (AHR) of 2.5%, while term infants had an AHR of 1.3% (P b 0.001). Within the two LPT cohorts, those born 33–34 WGA had the highest AHR at 2.8% (Table 3). The IDRSV of LPT and term infants was 12.1 and 7.8 per 1000 personyears, respectively. Among the LPT infants, the 33–34 WGA cohort also had the highest IDRSV at 18.0 per 1000 person-years. LPT infants had a signiﬁcantly increased adjusted risk for RSV hospitalization seen within each cohort and consistently higher even when evaluated by chronologic age (Table 4). The estimated percent survival curves also graphically demonstrated that LPT birth was associated with this increased risk of RSV hospitalization (Fig. 2). Males had an increased adjusted risk for RSV hospitalization as compared to females (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.19–1.31). There was no difference in the median age (IQR) at admission for LPT and term infants, which were 3.2 (1.7–7.8) months and 3.3 (1.6–7.3) months, respectively (P = 0.55). The median (IQR) length of stay for LPT infants was signiﬁcantly longer at 3 [2–4] days, as compared to 2 [1–3] days (P b 0.001) for term infants. LPT infants had a three-fold higher risk of requiring respiratory support than those born term (RR 3.71; 95% CI 2.36–5.82), as evidenced by the use of an airway adjunct and/or endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. 4. Discussion Our study demonstrates that LPT infants without other risk factors had both a signiﬁcantly higher risk for RSV hospitalization and requirement for respiratory support than healthy term infants. The IDRSV of A.M. Helfrich et al. / Early Human Development 91 (2015) 541–546 Table 3 Absolute Hospitalization Rate, Rate Ratio, Incidence Density, length of stay, and age at admission of military-dependent children b24 months-old admitted with RSV. Risk Factor 33–34 WGA n = 164 35–36 WGA n = 479 LPT Infants n = 643 Term Infants n = 6,954 Absolute Hospitalization Rate (%) Incidence Rate Ratio (compared to term) Incidence Density for RSV Hospitalization (per 1000 person-years) Median (IQR) Length of Stay in Days Median (IQR) Age at Admission in Months 2.8 2.25 (1.92–2.62) 18.0 3 (2–4) a 3.4 (1.8–6.7) c 2.4 1.98 (1.81–2.18) 15.7 2 (2–4) a 3.1 (1.6–8.1) c 2.5 2.08 (1.92–2.26) 12.1 3 (2–4) b 3.2 (1.7–7.8) d 1.3 1 7.8 2 (1–3) a,b 3.3 (1.6–7.3) c,d Respiratory syncytial virus is abbreviated as RSV. Interquartile range is abbreviated as IQR. Late preterm is abbreviated as LPT. Weeks gestational age is abbreviated as WGA. a P-value is b0.001 by Kruskal–Wallis test comparing the cohort group, term infants and the other age cohort. b P-value is b0.001 by Mann–Whitney U test comparing LPT infants to term infants. c P-value is 0.74 by Kruskal–Wallis test comparing the cohort group, term infants and the other age cohort. d P-value is 0.55 by Mann–Whitney U test comparing the cohort group to combined term infants and the other age cohorts. 12.1 per 1000 person-years was one-and-a-half times as high for LPT infants as compared to term infants. We also found that infants in the 33–34 WGA cohort had the highest adjusted hazard ratio for RSV hospitalization at 2.45 (95% CI 1.96–3.07). Prematurity interrupts the development of the immune system and lungs for LPT infants, adversely affecting their ability to cope with the inﬂammatory response to RSV, allowing for a prolonged infection. While many animal studies provide models for understanding the immunopathology for RSV, the normal human immune response to RSV is still unclear and varies in infants, children, and adults. Studies suggest that cytokines, T-lymphocytes, and neutralizing antibodies play a significant role in human response to RSV infection . Maternally-derived antibodies against RSV are passively acquired during pregnancy but rapidly decline after birth, with a nadir around six months of age . Incomplete transfer of maternal antibody, as well as an immature neonatal immune system, may limit the humoral response to RSV infection, placing premature infants at higher risk during early infancy. Our study showed LPT infants had more severe RSV disease with a higher rate of requiring respiratory support. Intubation with mechanical ventilation usually is utilized only in the PICU; while we did not specifically obtain data regarding PICU stays, increased respiratory support provides a useful marker for more severe RSV disease. LPT infants may require more support than term infants for various reasons. LPT infants have lower functional residual capacity, decreased compliance, and smaller airway diameters than term infants at baseline [20,25,26]. Alveoli are not completely mature until 36 WGA, thus placing LPT infants at higher risk for impaired gas exchange and hypoxia . Lung development interruption from premature birth causes the aforementioned changes and LPT infants are unable to adequately handle the physiological effects of RSV infection. In general, RSV directly injures the lung epithelium, generating debris from sloughed respiratory epithelial cells, leading to increased mucous production and mucosal edema . Because of their smaller airways and decreased functional residual capacity, LPT infants cannot tolerate the RSV cellular debris and mucous plugs that produce bronchiole obstruction and V–Q mismatch, provoking breathing difﬁculties and respiratory distress. Impaired gas exchange affects oxygenation and ventilation, resulting in hypoxemia, and requires supplemental oxygen and/or respiratory support. In addition to increased need of respiratory support, we found the length of stay was longer for LPT infants by one day, which contributes to higher medical costs and the potential for increased acquisition and transmission of nosocomial infections among hospitalized children. Palivizumab is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody that prevents severe RSV disease for up to 28 days, and requires high risk populations to receive monthly injections during the RSV season . Multiple health care visits along with medication cost make immunoprophylaxis expensive. Current literature regarding cost-beneﬁt analysis of palivizumab for LPT infants is conﬂicting. While two retrospective cohort studies have found LPT infants had signiﬁcantly higher RSV hospitalization costs than term infants [5,6], a literature review by the Cochrane Collaboration found the economic beneﬁt of palivizumab use to be inconsistent . Further cost-assessment studies are needed to assess palivizumab immunoprophylaxis for healthy LPT infants, and further investigate its ability to ameliorate severe RSV disease and prevent hospitalization in this cohort. Previous studies proved that prematurity is a risk factor for severe RSV disease but there are few studies that evaluated the risk in healthy LPT infants. A small prospective study showed LPT infants born 32–36 WGA have a higher RSV hospitalization rate than term infants but risk Table 4 Adjusted Hazard Ratios for RSV hospitalization based on chronological age groups. Age at admission Overall (0–24 months) 0–3 monthsa 3–6 monthsa 6–12 monthsa 12–24 monthsa HR [95% CI] HR [95% CI] HR [95% CI] 2.45 [1.96 – 3.07] 1.80 [1.43–2.26] 2.37 [1.74–3.23]. 1.74 [1.17–2.58]b 1.96 [1.26–3.05]b 1.92 [1.66 – 2.22] 1.76 [1.44–2.15] 1.71 [1.49–1.95] 1.75 [1.39–2.21] 2.27 [1.79–1.88] 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 [1.19 – 1.31] 1.15 [1.08–1.23] 1.46 [1.32–1.61] 1.46 [1.31–1.64] 1.12 [0.99–1.27]c Adjusted hazard ratios were calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression. Respiratory syncytial virus is abbreviated as RSV. Weeks gestational age is abbreviated as WGA. Hazard ratio is abbreviated as HR. Conﬁdence interval is abbreviated as CI. a P b 0.001 for all groups except as indicated. b P b 0.05. c P = 0.07. A.M. Helfrich et al. / Early Human Development 91 (2015) 541–546 and whether additional speciﬁc risk factors can be identiﬁed. Additional studies are needed to determine if palivizumab immunoprophylaxis would be cost-beneﬁcial for healthy LPT infants. Conﬂict of Interest Statement The authors have no conﬂicts of interest to disclose. Disclaimer The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reﬂect the ofﬁcial policy or position of the United States Armed Forces, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Contributor's Statement Fig. 2. Estimated percent without RSV Hospitalization stratiﬁed by study cohorts. factors for severe RSV disease were not excluded . Hall et al. found LPT infants had a higher rate of hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis, regardless of palivizumab use, when compared to infants N35 WGA, but LPT infants were hospitalized signiﬁcantly less than term infants . Our study shows consistently that healthy LPT infants have higher rates and risk for hospitalization due to severe RSV disease and is novel to the current literature. The design of our study has potential limitations. The MHS database relies on ICD-9-CM billing codes, which allows for misclassiﬁcation of patient data and prevents chart review; patients may have been excluded for lack of speciﬁc diagnosis (for example: bronchiolitis vs. RSV bronchiolitis) or failure to include prematurity as a diagnosis. Without individual chart or laboratory review, we were unable to conﬁrm RSV disease through microbiological lab testing. We also were limited in our deﬁnition of LPT birth due to ICD-9-CM codes and had to include infants born 33 WGA, which deviates from the AAP and ACOG deﬁnition. The infants born 33 WGA may have more severe RSV disease since they are more premature, which may have contributed to their higher adjusted hazard ratio and IDRSV. Given that the new AAP palivizumab guidelines still exclude these infants from immunoprophylaxis based on prematurity alone, the inclusion of these infants suggests that further study among this cohort is important. One strength of our study is our large patient population, which provides a large demographically and socioeconomically diverse group of children. These patients have universal access to healthcare facilities throughout the United States, making our results applicable to the general population [21,22]. LPT births accounted for 7.99% of all births in the United States in 2013, showing there is a signiﬁcant population at risk for severe RSV disease . We also evaluated RSV disease severity by the need for respiratory support because the literature had limited data speciﬁcally for late preterm infants and RSV hospitalization. We found that healthy LPT infants had a signiﬁcantly higher risk of requiring respiratory support (RR 3.71, 95% CI 2.36-5.82) when compared to healthy term infants. 5. Conclusions LPT birth is an independent risk factor for severe RSV disease and need for hospitalization. Although LPT infants are often medically managed similarly to term infants, they are at signiﬁcantly higher risk for severe RSV disease, resulting in a greater risk of hospitalization, longer stay, and higher rate of requirement for respiratory support. Further studies are needed to identify why LPT is a risk factor for severe disease, Alison M. Helfrich: Dr. Helfrich interpreted the results, drafted and edited the initial manuscript and approved the ﬁnal manuscript as submitted. Cade M. Nylund: Dr. Nylund carried out the data analyses, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the ﬁnal manuscript as submitted. Matthew D. Eberly: Dr. Eberly conceptualized and designed the study, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the ﬁnal manuscript as submitted. Matilda B. Eide: Ms. Eide designed the data collection instruments, collected and organized the data and reviewed and approved the ﬁnal manuscript as submitted. David R. Stagliano: Dr. Stagliano conceptualized and designed the study, contributed to the data analysis, edited the manuscript, and approved the ﬁnal manuscript as submitted. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Drs. Martin Ottolini, Gregory Gorman, Michael Rajnik and Kathleen Madden for their critical review of the manuscript. References Black CP. Systematic review of the biology and medical management of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Respir Care 2003 Mar;48(3):209–31 [discussion 231–3]. McLaurin KK, Hall CB, Jackson EA, Owens OV, Mahadevia PJ. Persistence of morbidity and cost differences between late-preterm and term infants during the ﬁrst year of life. Pediatrics 2009 Feb;123(2):653–9. Gunville CF, Sontag MK, Stratton KA, Ranade DJ, Abman SH, Mourani PM. Scope and impact of early and late preterm infants admitted to the PICU with respiratory illness. J Pediatr Aug 2010;157(2) [209-214.e1]. Stockman LJ, Curns AT, Anderson LJ, Fischer-Langley G. Respiratory syncytial virusassociated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997–2006. Pediatr Infect Dis J Jan 2012;31(1):5–9. Stewart DL, Romero JR, Buysman EK, Fernandes AW, Mahadevia PJ. Total healthcare costs in the US for preterm infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infection in the ﬁrst year of life requiring medical attention. Curr Med Res Opin Nov 2009;25(11):2795–804. Forbes ML, Hall CB, Jackson A, Masaquel AS, Mahadevia PJ. Comparative costs of hospitalisation among infants at high risk for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection during the ﬁrst year of life. J Med Econ Mar 2010;13(1): 136–41. Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. The IMpact-RSV Study Group. Pediatrics Sep 1998;102(3 Pt 1):531–7. Arnold SR, Wang EE, Law BJ, Boucher FD, Stephens D, Robinson JL, et al. Variable morbidity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with underlying lung disease: a review of the PICNIC RSV database. Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada. Pediatr Infect Dis J Oct 1999;18(10):866–9. Purcell K, Fergie J. Driscoll Children's Hospital respiratory syncytial virus database: risk factors, treatment and hospital course in 3308 infants and young children, 1991 to 2002. Pediatr Infect Dis J May 2004;23(5):418–23. Feltes TF, Cabalka AK, Meissner HC, Piazza FM, Carlin DA, Top Jr FH, et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically signiﬁcant congenital heart disease. J Pediatr Oct 2003; 143(4):532–40. A.M. Helfrich et al. / Early Human Development 91 (2015) 541–546 Wilkesmann A, Ammann RA, Schildgen O, Eis-Hubinger AM, Muller A, Seidenberg J, et al. Hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus infection and neuromuscular impairment face an increased risk of a complicated course. Pediatr Infect Dis J Jun 2007;26(6):485–91. Couch RB, Englund JA, Whimbey E. Respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. Am J Med Mar 17 1997;102(3A):2–9 [discussion 25–6]. Resch B, Pasnocht A, Gusenleitner W, Muller W. Rehospitalisations for respiratory disease and respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants of 29–36 weeks gestational age. J Infect Jun 2005;50(5):397–403. Stagliano DR, Nylund CM, Eide MB, Eberly MD. Children with Down syndrome are high-risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. J Pediatr Mar 2015;166(3) [703-709.e2]. Committee on Infectious Diseases. From the American Academy of Pediatrics: policy statements—modiﬁed recommendations for use of palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. Pediatrics Dec 2009;124(6):1694–701. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics Bronchiolitis Guidelines Committee. Updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics Aug 2014;134(2):415–20. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ, Osterman MJ, Curtin SC, Mathews TJ. Births: ﬁnal data for 2013. Natl Vital Stat Rep Jan 2015;64(1):1–68. American Academy of Pediatrics/American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Guidelines for perinatal care. 5th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2002. Engle WA, Tomashek KM, Wallman C. Committee on Fetus and Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics. "Late-preterm" infants: a population at risk. Pediatrics Dec 2007;120(6):1390–401. Colin AA, McEvoy C, Castile RG. Respiratory morbidity and lung function in preterm infants of 32 to 36 weeks' gestational age. Pediatrics Jul 2010;126(1):115–28. US Department of Defense. Demographics 2010: Proﬁle of the military community. Ofﬁce of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Military Community and Family Policy); 2010 1–185. Barrett JP, Sevick CJ, Conlin AM, Gumbs GR, Lee S, Martin DP, et al. Validating the use of ICD-9-CM codes to evaluate gestational age and birth weight. J Registry Manag Summer 2012;39(2):69–75. Borchers AT, Chang C, Gershwin ME, Gershwin LJ. Respiratory syncytial virus—a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol Dec 2013;45(3):331–79. Ochola R, Sande C, Fegan G, Scott PD, Medley GF, Cane PA, et al. The level and duration of RSV-speciﬁc maternal IgG in infants in Kiliﬁ Kenya. PLoS One Dec 2 2009; 4(12):e8088. Friedrich L, Pitrez PM, Stein RT, Goldani M, Tepper R, Jones MH. Growth rate of lung function in healthy preterm infants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Dec 15 2007; 176(12):1269–73. Manzoni P, Paes B, Resch B, Carbonell-Estrany X, Bont L. High risk for RSV bronchiolitis in late preterms and selected infants affected by rare disorders: a dilemma of speciﬁc prevention. Early Hum Dev May 2012;88(Suppl. 2):S34–41. Maritz GS, Morley CJ, Harding R. Early developmental origins of impaired lung structure and function. Early Hum Dev Sep 2005;81(9):763–71. Andabaka T, Nickerson JW, Rojas-Reyes MX, Rueda JD, Bacic Vrca V, Barsic B. Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Apr 30 2013;4:CD006602. Olabarrieta I, Gonzalez-Carrasco E, Calvo C, Pozo F, Casas I, Garcia-Garcia ML. Hospital admission due to respiratory viral infections in moderate preterm, late preterm and term infants during their ﬁrst year of life. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) Nov 2014;8. Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Blumkin AK, Edwards KM, Staat MA, Schultz AF, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among children less than 24 months of age. Pediatrics Aug 2013;132(2):e341–8.	<urn:uuid:bc7574ed-cae3-4f85-b412-5a9ab7fb37b8>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://docksci.com/healthy-late-preterm-infants-born-33-366-weeks-gestational-age-have-higher-risk-_5a32a307d64ab2f92d227a61.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.921074	9,371	1.875	2
We’re continuing a series that compares what culture tells us and what Jesus tells us. This week, we explored Matthew 5:33-37, where Jesus challenges our assumptions about making and breaking promises. Most people realize it’s wrong to break a vow, but students talked about how Jesus considers exaggerated promises just as sinful. At that in honesty really is the best policy. Throughout the week ahead, please try to spend a few minutes talking with your teenager about our lesson. These discussion-starter questions can help you launch a conversation: - Why do people often make promises they can’t or don’t intend to keep? - Think of a time someone broke a promise to you. What was that like? - What does it mean to have integrity? Why is it important that our words and actions are consistent? - How can this lesson help you in your current and future relationships? Thanks for all your prayers for our students and our ministry. Have a great week!	<urn:uuid:95299252-ef22-48a1-ae2f-1906a75a97d7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.atlanticfreechurch.com/2018/10/18/youve-heard-it-said-lesson-3-promises/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.953822	210	2.734375	3
It is some sort of well-known fact that bitcoin mining hardware has developed by leaps and court in recent times due to evolution of new main control products in the market. The new products can conduct Bitcoin control at a faster charge as when compared to typically the pcs of the former. Moreover, many people consume less power and even last for a very long period. Arena programming gate array processors are connected having the CPUs to boost their computing power. Even though selecting computer hardware regarding Bitcoin processing, make sure that very low large hash amount that will deliver spectacular success to often the customers. Regarding to bitcoin era this morning , the speed of the data running is definitely measured in super hash rates per second or even GIGA hash prices every second. Another variable for choosing the best bitcoin mining equipment is in order to evaluate the power utilization of different machines available on the market. In case the CPU requires lot of electricity, it can have a bad impact on the result and the business operations. Therefore, the hardware has to be of high quality in addition to least expensive to attract the awareness of the people. Costs on electricity bill need to be in synchronization with the particular bitcoins earned through the particular application. People must take straight into account that CPU takes in very own electrical energy for its operation as well as requires extra to power up the bitcoin mining components. Combined expenses must be weighed against the benefits accrued simply by the machine. One of the almost all important components from the equipment is the graphical handling device that can easily handle complex polygon computations. Because of this, it is pretty useful in solving deficiency of transaction blocks with bitcoin processing. According to often the experts, GPUs have a new specific advantage above the hashing technology of CPU because of their higher handling power. In addition to handling bitcoins, GPUs may furthermore control the data move involving crypto-currencies without any problem making it compatible together with other apps. ASIC selection has been presented around the market for bitcoin mining reasons because that has far more energy than the graphics credit. Its embedded into the motherboard on the computer together with other gates personalized for achieving the handling aims. The field pr�-r�glable gate selection located with the board is capable to produce power involving 750 megahashes for each second. With powerful devices bitcoin can be mined with an astonishing rate. Despite the fact that, often the customized chips are expensive and take several time to be fake, your data speed given by means of these individuals is brilliant.	<urn:uuid:a568a15e-345d-413c-bcfc-ca87d2c8239a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.antiageingsavantess.com/how-bitcoin-running-models-are-utilized-with-regard-to-mining-electronic-digital-money/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.955013	497	2.09375	2
American and Chinese investors’ appetite to deploy capital into each other’s projects and deals has dropped to a five-year low as trade tensions propelled the decoupling of the two economies. Investment between the United States and China plunged 18 per cent to US$13 billion in the first six months of 2019 and reached the lowest level since the first half of 2014, according to a report released on Thursday by the Rhodium Group and the National Committee on US-China Relations. The drop reflects an increasingly hostile investment environment between the world’s largest economies that has been exacerbated by the trade war and an economic slowdown in China. “The decline was primarily driven by Chinese [capital control] policies and market conditions,” the report said. Global outbound mergers and acquisition activity by mainland Chinese firms declined sharply “as Beijing has tightened administrative control on outbound capital flows to address financial system risks and macroeconomic concerns”, according to the report. “Efforts to rein in high debt and financial leverage, slowing domestic growth and growing geopolitical risk have further weighed on firms’ ability to invest abroad,” it said. The slowdown was also a result of stricter deal reviews of foreign acquisitions imposed by the US government. US regulators triggered a number of asset sales, including Beijing Kunlun being forced to sell US gay dating app Grindr and iCarbonX being ordered to sell its stake in health research app Patientslikeme. Chinese foreign direct investment in the US fell to US$3.1 billion in the first half of the year. While it was up slightly from US$2.6 billion in the first half of 2018, the level was well below previous periods. The drop marked a trend, with US$5 billion in acquisitions and greenfield investments recorded in 2018, a 95 per cent drop from its peak in 2016. Greenfield is an investment made by a company establishing operations in a foreign country. The largest sector decline came in property and hospitality, where direct investments fell to US$280 million from January to June, from US$8.66 billion in the first half of 2016. The largest acquisition was Shandong Ruyi Group’s US$1.6 billion purchase of Invista’s apparel and advanced textiles business in January, which accounted for more than half of the total deal volume. Venture capital investment into the US, a bright spot last year, also dropped in the first six months. On the flip side, US capital into China was flat from January to June, compared with the same period last year. Direct US investment in Chinese information and communications technology dropped by nearly half, to US$1.65 billion from two years ago, while interest in electric vehicles, entertainment and biotech largely held up. “Blogging isn’t about publishing as much as you can. It’s about publishing as smart as you can.” ― Jon Morrow – Subscribe with THE ONLINE PUBLISHERS TOP online bloggers to offer your services as a blogger. How to come up with a successful ad?!. The Best Platform For Social Media Influencers. TOP Social Media Influencers. 3 Benefits To Going With TOP for Press Release Distribution. 3 Reasons To Check Out the TOP Photo Gallery. Selling Photos Online As A Professional Photographer. 3 Reasons You Find The Best Freelance Jobs With TOP Platform. Jodi Xu Klein, US correspondent	<urn:uuid:56bd3a0e-0a46-418e-9e06-6db1a8f0d2d7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://chinadailynetwork.com/2019/08/01/us-china-cross-border-investments-hit-5-year-low-as-decoupling-deepens-amid-trade-war/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.953619	718	1.75	2
Learn what methods are out of step in the modern kitchen and replace them with safe, time-saving techniques so you can learn to can the fast, modern way! 1. Using a giant black speckled pot. Those pots work just fine, and are what your grandma may have used, but you don’t have to! The giant black and white speckled pot with the wire rack takes about 35 minutes to come to a boil. That’s a lot of time, energy, and even more so when you want to preserve a second batch. They simply are a time suck that’s really heavy; lugging that huge pot around full of hot water isn’t all that safe. Also, they aren’t useful for anything other than canning. I don’t have room in my kitchen to store something that’s slow, cumbersome, AND really big. INSTEAD: I have two great solutions to the huge canning pot. A. Use a pot you already have with a silicone trivet on the bottom. The smaller pot will come to a boil faster, and the silicone trivet will keep the jars from rattling around on the bottom and breaking. B. Use a steam canner. Steam canners are ready to can in 5 minutes whereas a traditional pot + silicone trivet takes at least 20 minutes. They use the same recipes as a traditional water bath of any size, but are ready to use so much faster! They are lighter, and super easy to use. 2. Simmering your canning lids. I know, I know, your granny simmered so you think you should. Or, you got a utensil kit and it comes with a lid lifter so you feel like surely, you should be pulling the lids out of some hot water, right? Wrong. You DO NOT have to simmer your Ball canning lids (and many other brands — check brand websites or lid packages) and haven’t had to since the 1960’s. INSTEAD: Use clean, cold, new lids and put them right on your jars full of preserve. 3. Using paraffin wax to seal your jars. Oof. This is a common one. The reason the USDA says you shouldn’t use this method is because it has a high rate of failure and it bypasses the boiling water bath which drives oxygen out of the jar, creates a reliable seal, and parrafin wax “seals” lead to wasted preserve. Also, with wax all over the jar, you can’t tell if your jar has sealed (weakly) or not. Lastly, who wants to pick crumbles of paraffin wax out of their jam? INSTEAD: Use a steam canner or water bath pot to preserve. Learn more about the canning process here. 4. Using the upside-down method. This is where the jar is filled with preserve, the lid and ring applied, and the whole thing is turned upside down on the counter. A weak seal may form, but the boiling water process is skipped, thus leaving the canner wide open to spoilers growing in their jar. INSTEAD: Use the simple canning process and either submerge your jars in a water bath (like a hot tub!) or in a steam canner (like a sauna!) Both are great and will result in safely sealed jars. 5. Canning in the oven. This isn’t safe and hasn’t been recommended for years. The short version is that jars aren’t meant to be roasted, can explode, and the risk isn’t worth it. INSTEAD: Process jars in a water bath or in a steam canner. 6. Sterilizing your canning jars. This step is unnecessary most of the time because most recipes have you processing your jars for the required 10 minutes, thus sterilizing your jars as they are processing. INSTEAD: Fill warm, clean jars and process for the time specified in the recipe. What other techniques should I add to the list, GRIT readers? Share in the comments below! For updated information on safe canning techniques visit the National Center for Home Food Preservation.	<urn:uuid:1ab15ac5-6a80-4fbb-ac87-89c46efe7508>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.grit.com/food/kitchen-techniques/6-outdated-canning-techniques-zb0z1909/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.925386	891	1.8125	2
As a telecommunications carrier, we collect and maintain Customer Proprietary Network Information, or "CPNI.” CPNI is information generated by the telecommunications services we provide to our customers – currently, this is limited to voice calling. This includes features of your voice calling service (e.g., international calling), usage information (like call logs—including date, time, phone numbers called, and duration of calls), and quantitative data like minutes used. CPNI does not include customers’ names, addresses, or phone numbers—we do, nonetheless, treat that information with care. Under federal law, you have a right, and we have a duty, to protect the confidentiality of CPNI. We’ve implemented policies and procedures to help ensure our compliance with the CPNI rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and we continually review our compliance. We also certify our compliance to the FCC annually. The bottom line is that we will not intentionally use, access, or disclose your CPNI to third parties without your permission, except as allowed under the FCC’s rules or other applicable law. Where applicable—based on brand and account type—if you are the primary account holder you may designate other "authorized users" to access and manage your account information. In that case, your authorized users will also be provided access to all the CPNI associated with your account—not just the line they are using. For more information about authorized users’ permissions please visit T‑Mobile Support. The FCC’s rules are complex. To help you understand why we do things the way we do, we’ve outlined a few key requirements and described how we address them in practice. Carriers are prohibited from releasing call details during customer-initiated telephone contacts, except when the customer has previously established a password for their account. Otherwise, carriers can only release call details by sending it to an address of record or by calling the customer at the telephone number of record. - Except for T‑Mobile Puerto Rico, our policy is not to disclose call details over the telephone in response to customer-initiated calls. T‑Mobile Puerto Rico may disclose call details over the telephone in response to a customer-initiated call, but only after verifying the customer’s account password and a one-time-use Personal Identification Number (or “PIN”) sent to the customer’s device via SMS text message during the call. Carriers must provide mandatory password protection for online account access. - We provide online account access to CPNI only with a password that is initially established through use of a randomly generated PIN delivered to the customer via SMS text message. Where applicable (based on brand and account type), for multi-line accounts the customer may designate himself/herself as the primary account holder, which gives that person access to online account information for all the devices/lines on the account. Other users may access detailed online account information related only to their respective device/line. For example, if you provide a phone to a family member, they may access online information about that device/line—including CPNI. The primary account holder, however, may designate additional or more limited online access rights for other users. Different rules may apply to T‑Mobile for Business accounts. For more information on how to set up line permissions visit T‑Mobile Support. Carriers may provide CPNI to customers in a retail location with a valid government issued photo ID. - For post-paid accounts, we require a valid government-issued photo ID matching the customer or authorized user’s account information prior to disclosing CPNI during a visit to a retail store. We utilize a customer-established PIN for authentication of pre-paid accounts at retail locations. Carriers must notify their customers when a password, address, and certain other account changes occur. - We provide notice whenever, among other changes, a password, back-up question and response, online account, or address of record is created or changed. The notices do not include or reveal the changed information. - These notices are sent to the customer’s or authorized user’s number of record, although in some cases we may mail notice to an address that has been associated with the customer’s account for at least 30 days (except for accounts activated within the last 30 days, in which case the notice is sent to the address provided at account activation). Carriers must establish a notification process for both law enforcement and customers in the event of a CPNI breach. Specifically, carriers must notify the United States Secret Service (“USSS”) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) after discovering a breach of CPNI. - We notify law enforcement as soon as practicable, but in no event later than seven (7) business days, after we determine that a breach of a customer’s CPNI has occurred. Similarly, in most cases we notify customers of the breach no sooner than the eighth business day following completion of the notice to law enforcement unless directed by the U.S. Secret Service or the FBI not to so disclose or notify customers. We may extend the period for customer notification pursuant to a written request of a relevant law enforcement agency. We are committed to protecting our customers’ CPNI and complying with the FCC’s CPNI rules. Questions and/or concerns may be directed to privacy@T‑Mobile.com. The FCC’s CPNI Rules are codified in 47 C.F.R. § 64.2001 et seq.	<urn:uuid:10f0c182-0d29-4e91-a9e7-b8498035011a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.t-mobile.com/privacy-center/education-and-resources/cpni	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.923813	1,350	1.820313	2
LOS ANGELES (AP) - Government weather forecasters say La Nina is here. La Nina, the flip side of El Nino, is the cooling of the central Pacific Ocean that affects weather patterns worldwide. Mike Halpert of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said Thursday he expects La Nina conditions to be weak and short-lived. In the United States, La Nina conditions usually means wetter winters in the northern Rockies, Pacific Northwest and Ohio Valley and warmer, drier conditions in the southern parts, including drought-stricken California. NOAA says there's a 55 percent chance La Nina will last through winter. Copyright 2016 The Associated Press. for more features.	<urn:uuid:9436508e-052c-49e0-982c-fbe67cbfe2c4>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/la-nina-california-drought/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.868838	141	2.890625	3
TxGuard™ pulmonary valve conduit Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) affects approximately 40,000 newborns each year in the U.S. and 1.3M children globally. Valve and conduit replacements are life-saving for children with absent pulmonary valves, aortic stenosis (Konno procedure, Ross, procedure), double outlet right ventricle (Rastelli operation), extracardiac conduit (Fontan operation), and pulmonary valve replacement (Tetralogy of Fallot). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are about 2.9 million CHD patients in the U.S. The primary issues currently observed with commercial devices are calcification, thrombosis, and infection. The current devices need to be replaced multiple times as children grow with an estimated total cost to the U.S. healthcare industry for treatment of CHD patients of $5.61 billion. Annoviant LLC, formerly TGen Tech LLC, is a medical device company founded in 2018 and collaborating with a broad ecosystem of research institutions and industry partners across the country. Fueled by personal experiences of its co-founders, the company is driven by a passion to make a positive difference in the lives and treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients. The company has developed a platform decellularized tissue based TxGuard™ technology that make such devices resistant to calcification, thrombosis, and infection. The ability of these tissues to remodel through infiltration with the patient’s own cells without compromising function also is a distinguishing benefit. The company is developing cardiovascular devices for structural heart treatments. The new TxGuard™ portfolio of devices can address the clinical challenges and significantly reduce healthcare costs by eliminating repeat surgeries. The Pennsylvania Pediatric Device Consortium (PPDC) supported Annoviant’s earlier work and connected company to the FDA for initial discussions. This support was essential for the company to obtain substantial NIH funding later in its development. Annoviant has received two NIH Phase I STTR and one Phase II SBIR grants to commercialize the TxGuard™ pulmonary valve conduit and bring it into clinical use. There are several next steps that the team at Annoviant is currently working on including: - Translating the technology to create commercial scale GMP production and GLP testing. - Finding the appropriate regulatory pathways for the technology, recognizing that Annoviant’s first device has received HUD designation from FDA. - Continuing to develop and test products with a focus on the sector of pediatric disease, recognizing that other larger companies may be more reluctant to enter the market due to large upfront R&D expenses and risks.	<urn:uuid:9d83d92f-59db-4f54-bd3f-8bea65929523>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://pmdlaunchpad.org/2021/12/21/annoviant-is-developing-the-next-generation-of-biomaterials-to-fabricate-cardiovascular-devices-for-the-pediatric-population/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.936361	555	1.859375	2
New Projects in our Research Lab New Projects in our Wet-wall Automation Controller What is Industrial Automation ? What are the benefits of an industrial automation ? Industrial automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers, and heat treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering, and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated. The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves labor, however, it is also used to save energy and materials and to improve quality, accuracy, and precision. The term automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic (coming from automaton), was not widely used before 1947 when General Motors established the automation department. It was during this time that industry was rapidly adopting feedback controllers, which were introduced in the 1930s. Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes, and ships typically use all these combined techniques. Advantages and disadvantages The main advantages of automation are: - Increased throughput or productivity. - Improved quality or increased predictability of quality. - Improved robustness (consistency), of processes or product. - Increased consistency of output. - Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses. The following methods are often employed to improve productivity, quality, or robustness. - Install automation in operations to reduce cycle time. - Install automation where a high degree of accuracy is required. - Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work. - Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc.) - Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc. - Economic improvement: Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most of humanity. For example, when an enterprise invests in automation, technology recovers its investment; or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan in the 20th Century. - Reduces operation time and work handling time significantly. - Frees up workers to take on other roles. - Provides higher level jobs in the development, deployment, maintenance and running of the automated processes. The main disadvantages of automation are: - Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system may have a limited level of intelligence, and is, therefore, more susceptible to committing errors outside of its immediate scope of knowledge (e.g., it is typically unable to apply the rules of simple logic to general propositions). - Unpredictable/excessive development costs: The research and development cost of automating a process may exceed the cost saved by the automation itself. - High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant typically requires a very large initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation may be spread among many products and over time. In manufacturing, the purpose of automation has shifted to issues broader than productivity, cost, and time. We choose the BEST VENDORS – Our Laboratory recommends Image already added TRIDENT RESEARCH LAB TECHNOLOGY PARTNER IN UAE WECON Technology Co., Ltd. (commonly referred to as WECON) is a Chinese high technology company, headquartered in Fuzhou, Fujian. That independently develops, manufactures, supports and sells human-machine interface, programmable logic controller. WECON products are widely used in machinery and equipment, metallurgy, chemical, oil and other. Chang Shuan Electronics Co., Ltd. was established on July 30, 1991. Owing to our excellent quality, service, and reliability as well as kind support from the customers, our business led a fast growth. For world wide market expansion, we build up a new brand name “ADTEK”. Customers will see the logo anywhere in the near future. Energy efficiency has become a major issue of global concern, Chang Shuan Electronics Co., Ltd. is committed to provide energy-saving and carbon reduction program, superb security monitoring environment, real-time data measurement and other services for our customers, and regard it as our duty and mission. We helps customers to improve the awareness of environment, which is our new market positioning (energy efficiency, electricity safety management) and impetus of growth. Xiamen Haiwell Technology Co,.Ltd was founded in 2005 and has been the global leader in PLC automation control industry. It’s a high-tech enterprise, integrating independent research and development, production, sales, and services. As one of the earliest participants in the Chinese industrial control market, Haiwell has long been focused on the improvement of automation level in the industrial control field and committed to the research and development of industrial automation core control system, in order to provide the integrated solution for industrial automation equipment manufacturers. TRIDENT RESEARCH LAB TECHNOLOGY PARTNER IN UAE UniMAT Automation. We provide comprehensive automation solution for the upgrade of manufacturing industries. We strive to become the global leading and respected provider of industrial automatic products and services. “Forged trust on quality, get triumph through the heart” is our business philosophy. As a national high-tech and Double Software enterprise, we spare no effort in innovation and invest more than 10% of our sales revenue on R&D, and now we already won a number of national patents. We have a professional test team, perfect test system and advanced test equipment which can provide a reliable guarantee for all our products. To ensure product quality, we strictly enforce ISO9001 quality assurance system. All of our products have gotten CE certification. Every day we think about how to bring more value to our customers. Unite the world and control the future with intelligence. Mibbo (Xiamen) Automation Technology Co., LTD focus on high quality industrial control components product research and development, production, sales, location services in high-end equipment manufacturers and system integrators, on the basis of developing the technology with independent intellectual property rights, close to the line to provide high quality products and personalized solutions, realizes the enterprise value and customer value grow together Shandong Renke Control Technology Co., Ltd. is located in the beautiful city of Ji’nan, Shandong PeopleSoft Control Technology Co. subsidiary company. The company mainly engaged in temperature and humidity transmitter, temperature and humidity sensors, network transmitter, a variety of environmental monitoring terminal, is a research and development, production, sales as one of the Integrated Company. Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise that specializes in Internet of Things communications, has hundreds of self-developed products, and is unanimously recognized by customers. Our company has a strong R&D capability, with a perfect after-sale system, we provide customers with complete solutions and technical support, shorten the R&D cycle, reduce R&D costs, and provide a powerful platform for new products development. Zhengzhou Newric Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. is an enterprise specializing in the production of various AC drive, variable frequency speed regulation, soft start, solar pump drive and other products. We not only focus on design, manufacturing, sales and after-sales service, but also provide customized automation solutions and renewable energy technology. Our Successful Projects Successfully completed the development and installation of the first phase of the new computerized climate control system “TALISMAN” for the American University of Sharjah. Successfully completed the development and installation of the first phase of the new computerized climate control system “TALISMAN” for the Majid Al Futtaim Properties – MAF Tower 2. Successfully completed the development and installation new computerized climate control system “TALISMAN” for the 4 Point by Sheraton Kuwait. Abu Dhabi, UAE Successfully completed the development and installation of the first phase of the new computerized climate control system “AQUILON-M3” for the Premier Inn Hotel in Abu Dhabi International Airport. Successfully completed the development and installation of the new computerized climate control system “AQUILON-M2” for the Al Ghurair Centre (Tower-4) in Dubai. Successfully completed the development and installation of the 4 new Biocide Dosing System “AQUILON-BIO” for the Lamprell Facilities in Hamriyah Free Zone. Umm Al Quwain, UAE Successfully completed the development and installation of the new computerized climate control system “AQUILON-MX4” for the Sheikh Khalifa General Hospital in Umm Al Quwain. Successfully completed the development and installation of the new computerized climate control system “AQUILON-MX4” for the NMC Specialty Hospital in Dubai (Al Nahda).	<urn:uuid:89ab450d-f700-4196-aee6-12b1da257885>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://tridentdxb.com/research-lab/industrial-automation/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.916074	1,969	3.21875	3
This German ceramic beer boot Mug features beautiful scrolling decoration with gilded accents. Reads " Deutschland - Germany" with a traditional German eagle crest and crests of the German states. History of "Das Boot!" Tradition tells that the boot came into use during WWI. At that time, German soldiers, lacking a better drinking vessel, used their own leather boots (patched to hold liquid) for having what was possibly their last beer. The boots were then filled to the top with beer and passed among the regiment soldiers with best wishes for a safe return from battle. American soldiers were introduced to this tradition of drinking from a boot while stationed in Germany after WWII. The secret to drinking from the boot is to point the toe sideways. When the toe is pointed downward, the boot cannot be easily emptied. When the toe is pointed upwards, the liquid flows out of the boot very quickly and uncontrollably, usually spilling all over the drinker. Made in Germany by Zoller & Born Height: approx. 7-3/4" Volume: 0.4 Liter	<urn:uuid:fb0768bb-f2d8-4575-852f-381fd79adda0>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.germansteins.com/german-ceramic-beer-boot-0-4-liter-mug/?setCurrencyId=11	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.966026	227	2.1875	2
1. (modifier) skilled, skilful, accomplished, practiced, competent, proficient - especially in crafts. Sometimes written as one word, ringarehe. Kātahi ka whakaritea anō he wahine māna, arā, ka whakamoea ia ki a Te Urikore (ko Te Taupoki tētahi o ōna īngoa), he wahine whānui nei tōna mōhio ki ngā tikanga me ngā kōrero tuku iho a Ngāi Tūhoe – me te aha – he wahine ringa rehe ki ngā mahi toi o te raranga me te whatu (TTR 1998:196). / Then another wife was arranged for him and he married Te Urikore (otherwise known as Te Taupoki), a woman with extensive knowledge of Tūhoe customs and history and a woman who was skilled in the arts of platting and weaving. See also rehe 2. (noun) expert, deft hand, craftsperson, dab hand, professional. Kātuarehe: He wā anō whakamahia ai tēnei kupu hei whakaahua i te tangata, ā, e tohu ana he nui ōna pūmanawa, he ringarehe rānei, he tangata rānei kua puta tōna rongo (HKK 1999:30). / Kātuarehe: At other times this word is used to show what a person is like, and to indicate that she has many talents, or skills, or is a person who has become famous.	<urn:uuid:2a54d74b-9566-4441-9293-a104dfca3f31>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/6792	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.886002	374	2.609375	3
enameled wire sentence in Hindi - Wire can be purchased in bifilar form, usually as different colored enameled wire bonded together. - Multiple parallel twisted strands of enameled wires can be found also in transformers in some switching power supplies. - The Singapore-based maker of telecommunications, power cable and enameled wire products planned to sell 3.67 million shares at $ 14 to $ 16 each. - This is either executed by using an enameled wire receiving a bonding electric current during molding or by cold forming which is followed by impregnation. - The Singapore-based maker of telecommunications, power cable and enameled wire products planned to sell 3 . 67 million shares at $ 14 to $ 16 each. - "' Cuprom "'is the sole producer of electrolytic copper, continuous cast copper rod and enameled wire in Romania and the largest in Eastern Europe ( outside Russia ). - I made a plastic cylinder about an inch wide and about four inches in diameter and wrapped it with about 40 turns of enameled wire and encapsulated it with glue. - "' Magnet wire "'or "'enameled wire "'is a copper or aluminium wire coated with a very thin layer of electromagnets, and other applications that require tight coils of insulated wire. enameled wire sentences in Hindi. What are the example sentences for enameled wire? enameled wire English meaning, translation, pronunciation, synonyms and example sentences are provided by Hindlish.com.	<urn:uuid:70581398-2a3c-4ebe-8b11-7e399f8a8108>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.hindlish.com/enameled%20wire-sentence-in-hindi	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.906494	316	2.140625	2
Celox,a granular preparation of chitosan, licensed for use to treat haemorrhage. The only haemostatic product prevent arterial bleeding in the world. Standard equipment in army of American, UK, Singapore etc. American family suggest as necessary product, OTC product. 1. Fast hemostatic 2. Not affect by temperature 3. No heat generation 4. Suitable for heparinization patient 5. Prevent arterial bleeding effectively 6. Bacterial resistance 7. Sedation and analgesia 8. Prevent scar hyperplasia	<urn:uuid:74162abf-a957-42c6-be54-082860f2ff1d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://en.unionmed.com/product/28.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.664659	208	1.539063	2
By the time this column is printed, the Asia Pacific Philanthropy Consortium, in collaboration with Charities Aid Foundation, will have held its international conference on ‘Philanthropy in Disasters: Tsunami and After’ (28-30 November in Phuket, Thailand). The conference is supported by the Ford Foundation, the Myer Foundation, The Asia Foundation, the Japan Foundation, Mirant Foundation Philippines, and several Thai organizations. In the wake of the Katrina and Rita disasters on the US gulf coast and the Pakistan earthquake, the question of philanthropy’s role in natural disasters has become more relevant than ever. After the Pakistan earthquake, Shahnaz Wazir Ali, APPC Council member in Islamabad, moved quickly to help bring philanthropic resources to the devastated communities in the Kashmir region. Shahnaz and other leaders around Asia will speak at the conference about how philanthropy could be made more responsive, in terms of quantity and effectiveness, to the unique challenges presented by disasters. What can we learn from the successes and failures of the response to the tsunami in the four countries that were badly hit – India, Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka? How are they recovering? Can we build on other countries’ best practice models? Around 150 leaders of governments, donor organizations and NGOs from 18 countries are coming to lend critical thinking to the development of regional action programmes that will support country-specific requirements for disaster response. They will also join project site visits to Phuket and Phanga province to learn first hand from survivors what they have been through. The Thai Fund Foundation has organized these visits in collaboration with other local and international organizations. The conference report will be produced in December. APPC, Rm 208, Center for Social Policy and Public Affairs, Social Development Complex, Ateneo de Manila University, Katipunan Road, Quezon City, Philippines. Tel +632 426 6001 (local 4645) Tel/fax +632 426 1427 (direct line)	<urn:uuid:bf4b0d38-6464-4507-a08d-da588591f8ec>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.alliancemagazine.org/news/appc-responding-more-effectively-to-disasters/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.929218	437	1.859375	2
A good research paper writer can be both a wonderful asset to your academic undertaking and a wonderful burden for your shoulder. Not merely are the research papers you write to make for the students and thesis advisers going to have to be both well organized and written, but they need to be as precise as you can. A research paper writer, just as any other expert author, is essentially a two-sided sort of occupation. Not merely are the authors themselves needed to be extremely skilled writers who can provide ideas with excellent clarity, but they have online paper review to also be highly skilled investigators who know the way to select the best sources of information. It is these two skills which are utilized to create a very quality work of article. Research papers must be written utilizing the most recent research available. This means that no matter what the field of study, you will be shown new and well researched data you have to use in your newspapers. Asking for assistance from a good research paper author can go a ways. These writers are trained to create sure that the most recent research on a given topic is utilized in the work they create. They’re also acquainted with each of the various sorts of research that is available and they can pull up the information that will help you compose the very best papers potential. There are various topics which need to be covered so as to cover as many new ideas as possible. The issue is that when you attempt to cover these issues all on your own it can get quite difficult to think of fresh and well researched material. Working with an expert may go a long way in assisting you to produce amazing research material. Another terrific advantage to working with a writer such as this is the capability to work with them on a project to project basis. You will have the advantage of having the researcher to operate on a sheet of paper that you’re working on then you’re able to continue to work with them until you are finished writing the entire thing. The last but not least, there is the terrific benefit of hiring writers for this purpose that talk the language which you want your research to be written in. In case you have a large vocabulary and many different distinct points of view, then choosing a study writer that talks your language will help you tremendously in making the most of your research material. This may also provide you with an additional advantage over the competition when it comes to getting printed in your dissertation.	<urn:uuid:4a05b232-9c98-49df-927c-c2527ad8d9d7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://maps.schoolnano.ru/2021/08/research-paper-writers-why-research-paper-writers-is-really-important/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.975836	489	1.648438	2
Since when has "just don't get pregnant" been an effective promotion of reproductive health? Liberalizing abortion legislation as a temporary measure is not enough to address the longstanding issue. Use insect repellent, sleep under a mosquito net, and just don’t get pregnant — is this the best we can do for Latin American women? On Monday, the World Health Organization declared that the outbreak of the Zika virus constitutes a global emergency. This, after an outbreak was linked to a birth defect called Guillain-Barré syndrome, which prompted the Salvadoran government to began recommending women refrain from getting pregnant until 2018. Besides El Salvador, 20 other countries and territories in South and Central America and the Caribbean have been affected including Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela, and Puerto Rico. Just this weekend, the New York Times announced that there are over 20,000 confirmed cases of the Zika virus in Colombia, and over 2,100 of those infected are pregnant. The fact is, the state of women’s health in these affected areas has long constituted the need for international concern. Since news of the crisis in El Salvador was first announced, journalists and human rights workers have been putting Zika into cultural and political context, with numerous outlets commenting on El Salvador’s utter lack of women’s reproductive rights. We’re talking about an overwhelmingly conservative society where there's a total lack of sex education beyond abstinence, where contraception and birth control is difficult to obtain and where abortion is illegal, even in the cases of incest or rape. In the last year, at least 17 women have been imprisoned for having miscarriages, and countless more for having abortions, a fact that prompted the Guardian to describe El Salvador as having “the most draconian anti-abortion law[s] in the world.” Social media is being used to disseminate information about the crisis— the UN and WHO are tweeting FAQ, for example— but perhaps more importantly, affected women and their allies are using traditional and social media to articulate these broader concerns, push back and call people to action. On Twitter, people are criticizing how the warnings are aimed at women, and not men, and how it’s all yet another example of women being told to control what systems of oppression have made us uncontrollable. Carmen Barroso, Western Hemisphere director for the International Planned Parenthood Federation, described the way the involved governments are handling the crisis as “foolish, highly unrealistic and insensitive to women,” She’s one of many arguing for governments to make contraceptives more accessible. So is Angelica Rivas, who works for Acdatee, a Salvadoran nonprofit that advocates for decriminalization of abortion. Rivas expressed her concern to the Associated Press that the virus will result in an increase in the rates of illegal abortions, unsafe abortions, and mental health issues for women. Paula Avila Guillen — another long-time activist on the issue — shared similar concerns on Huffington Post, demanding policies to make contraception and emergency contraception available. Avila Guillen described the crisis as “a huge opportunity for the anti-abortion law to be reformed.” Besides strict anti-abortion legislation, experts say that religious and cultural stigma, as well as physical distance and lack of sex education, creates barriers to women’s health resources. These barriers are experienced more acutely by young people, poor people, and people living in rural areas. Human rights advocate Tarah Demant spoke of a concern that gender-based violence is prevalent in many parts of South America and that poor, rural, and indigenous girls and women — who are more likely to experience sexual violence — are also less likely to have access to contraceptives. Just last week we marked the 43rd anniversary of Roe v. Wade, providing an opportunity for those of us in the US to take stock of the state of our own reproductive freedoms. Whereas the “pro-life” movement is still responsible for constant infringements on women’s bodily autonomy and violence against clinic providers remains a daily threat, we’re working hard as a movement to dismantle societal misconceptions and problematic beliefs. I count myself among a movement of women directly confronting the notion that an abortion is something to keep silent or regret. Rosa Hernandez, the El Salvador director of Catholics for Choice, is a voice in a similar movement. Catholics for Choice promotes the idea that women should be trusted to make their own decisions based on their conscience. Above all, they raise awareness of the fact that abortion bans result in women’s deaths. A report by the Independent says that women’s rights organizations are urging governments to relax their abortion laws so that women with Zika can terminate the pregnancy (so far, they said, these calls have only been met by the Colombian government). And at least one private charity called Women on Waves has stepped up to provide free medical abortions to pregnant women with Zika. These actions help. But just as it’s not enough to fumigate or tell women to wear long sleeves, liberalizing abortion legislation as a temporary measure is not enough to address the longstanding issue. The lack of women’s reproductive rights has long been a crisis for Latin American women. It’s time the international community take notice.	<urn:uuid:c9a491bd-4232-4213-9243-fb3be056bf4e>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.ravishly.com/2016/12/28/zika-virus-why-now-time-reproductive-justice-latin-america	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.949169	1,087	2.796875	3
GaN power element technology has found its way into a major application in the industry with the release of the Dell Latitude computer using the AirFuel standard. Airfuel uses magnetic inductive technology (AirFuel standard) also known as Highly Resonant Wireless Power Transfer by Witricity’s Dr. Morris Kesler. WiTricity's magnetic resonance technology is seamlessly integrated into the Latitude 7285 Detachable which now can be charged wirelessly over distance and with positional flexibility on a flat surface, which preserves this 2-in-1 notebook's sleek design. WiTricity is different from other forms of wireless charging in that it uses magnetic resonance technology, and this can both charge devices at a distance and through materials (Like a sheetrock wall or a table top), and also doesn't require the device to be precisely aligned to the charging mat. This is also a significant milestone for WiTricity, which is 10 years old, because it is the first commercially available consumer electronics product to use WiTricity’s technology. Dr. Alex Lidow, CEO and Co-founder of Efficient Power Conversion (EPC) was able to give me some insights for the Dell/WiTricity project and the contribution that GaN technology is making to this wireless power standard. Lidow commented that magnetic resonance is perfect for flat surfaces, on either horizontal (a mat or embedded into a desk or table top) or vertical (within a wall with a flat-screen TV). Lidow also said that Kitchen countertops can be very dangerous areas having wires running across those surfaces; wireless power adds to safety as well as convenience in this type of application. The Dell PC has about a one square foot charging area. Lidow said that conventional antenna design prevents us from using magnetic resonance to cover large, room-size areas due to the multiple metal objects that cause interference with the resonance. Recent advances in antenna design, however, have overcome this problem as was demonstrated by EPC last March at the APEC conference. Now we can safely charge multiple products on a large surface such as a desk top or conference room table. As for me, if I could drop my smart watch on my night table to charge it, I would use it again. WiTricity’s CEO, Alex Gruzen, has commented that it was a ‘significant proof point’ that large global brands (like Dell) can integrate wireless charging into their products. He feels that this will be the ‘new normal’. This and it is a significant starting point. Gruzen feels that magnetic resonance offers a ‘better user experience’ than other competing technologies and that it will ultimately be the technology of choice in the consumer electronics arena. Dell’s Sr, VP of commercial client solutions, Kirk Schell, said that Dell’s vision is a ‘no-wires workspace’; it will enable the ‘freedom and flexibility today's employees demand’. Lidow’s Enhancement-mode Gallium Nitride (eGaN) FETs and ICs are ideal for wireless power applications because they can operate at high frequency, high voltage, and high power. EPC has a wide variety of Wireless Power Demo kits for designers that cover the full power range for Airfuel classes 2, 3, 4 and Multi-Mode for Airfuel and Qi/PMA compatibility for Wireless Power sources. (Image courtesy of EPC) AirFuel Alliance compatible wireless power kits by EPC (Image courtesy of EPC) AirFuel Alliance stated that the recent advances in the field of antennas and semiconductors would increase the efficiency of wireless charging at higher frequencies. ICs based on Gallium Nitride (GaN) are the most promising. For power transmission over air at a frequency of 6.78 MHz, the transmitter must convert DC to AC by turning on / off 6,780,000 times per second. Whenever semiconductor turns on, it requires a small power amplification. This is not possible with Silicon; therefore, the choice is a Gallium Nitride process which is capable of that speed and as a bonus consumes less power. New Multi-layer antennas soften the phenomenon known as the “skin effect”, which adversely affects the reception of the transmitter signal. Alex Lidow has said that by using the GaN chip and new antenna new designs, the AirFuel Alliance managed to build a wireless power supply system with a frequency of 6.78 MHz, which will be able to compete effectively with competitors using low-frequency ranges. When I joked about asking Nikola Tesla to help in this effort, Lidow commented that he was happy that Nikola Tesla never did get that huge tower functioning to transmit high power across the Earth’s atmospheric layer. I love the work done by Nikola Tesla, but I also believe that this effort was too early for its time and could have been disastrous. Lidow did comment that we may be able to send a very focused power beam from space one day, but much development work still remains to be done. Last year Japan Space Systems transmitted power over a 50 m distance, but with large losses. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries also managed to send 10kW power over 500m, but with huge transmit/receive arrays. Some day maybe power cables will be obsolete.	<urn:uuid:4a197826-c40e-4560-958a-d42802b87516>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.planetanalog.com/gan-power-finds-its-way-via-airfuel-into-dells-lattitude-7285/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.947431	1,109	1.953125	2
In the dead heat of summer, the last thing you want to deal with is a malfunctioning A/C unit. One of the most common problems that occur with air conditioning systems is the output of hot air instead of cold. Obviously, that’s an issue that needs to be fixed right away! What Are Some Common Causes of an A/C Unit Blowing Hot Air? There could be a number of reasons why your A/C unit blows hot air out of the vents when you want it to blow cold. These include the following issues: - A malfunctioning thermostat. If your thermostat is not properly calibrated, then it may think that the ambient temperature is colder than it actually is. It will try to heat up your home, instead of cool it down like it should. - Dirty evaporator coils and/or air filter. An A/C system’s air filter in itself has nothing to do with whether the unit blows hot or cold air. However, a dirty air filter could lead to dirty evaporator coils — and when your evaporator coils are dirty, clogged, or covered with debris, there may not be enough free air flow for proper cooling operations to take place. - Refrigerant leak. Perhaps the most common reason why an A/C unit starts blowing hot air instead of cold is a refrigerant leak. Without enough refrigerant in the system, there’s no way to adequately cool the warm air that the system draws in. How HALLTEC HVAC Can Help If you are dealing with an A/C unit that only blows hot air, then the friendly HVAC experts at HALLTEC can help. We can provide an accurate diagnosis of the problem, walk through the steps we’ll take to fix it, and then deliver high-quality repair work in a timely manner. Reach out to our team today to learn more.	<urn:uuid:f9189b6f-4e67-4633-83c6-c36e34771d36>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.halltechvac.com/blog/page/4/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.919013	397	2.046875	2
I’ve heard a number of people desire to give to a charity (which comes up a lot more at this time of year, with the spirit of giving in the air) but debate which charity they should donate to, if they should, because they felt not enough of the funds were actually getting to the people in need. Too much of the amount they donated had to help cover the expenses of running the charity itself. There are alternatives that can help local people in your community, as follows: As mentioned in a previous blog entry where I was trying to teach my daughter about proper money management, it is good practice to give 10% of your income to charity. - local YMCA’s or other local shelters have many singles or families come in that have to leave their homes with very little. A number of people I know have gone to the leaders of these organizations and asked what they can get to help alleviate their problems - local church leaders know people in their congregation that are in need and could greatly benefit from a donation - I’ve seen boxes at the front of some grocery stores, (also saw a police car in front of a Walmart) that collected non-perishable items or toys to give to those in need - I was impressed one year to watch a youth group put in great effort to put together baskets of food (one included all the fixings for a turkey dinner), bags of toys and other things for families they knew in the area would have a very small celebration or nothing to celebrate the Christmas season with. I saw the aftermath of the spirit of Christmas that those families and the youth received in knowing of the goodness there is in people’s hearts - if you stay aware, you can see people in your neighborhood that would be super appreciative with that little extra We have been on the receiving end of a Secret Santa more than once, who left us a plate of cookies and an ornament for each of our girls for our Christmas tree. It was delightful to see the smile on our girls’ faces. Of course, the best way to give these gifts is anonymous. It is very pleasing to sit back and watch how your gift brings a little love and happiness into their life. Have you been on the receiving end of these gifts and how did it make your life better?	<urn:uuid:bd541171-a464-4583-9beb-c2a8cd4b2ade>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://calendarbudget.com/what-charity-is-good-to-give-to/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.982237	476	1.625	2
Contrary to what others think, that coloring is just for kids, well you are definitely wrong. Even adults can do it and in fact get health benefits from it. Back in the 20th century, coloring is said to be a therapy method which some of us has just rediscovered. It says that coloring nourishes our brain areas that are associated with motor skills and creativeness. It can also control our emotions, taking our minds off our problems which results to feeling more relaxed and at ease. On my first attempt (with an android app that lets you color by filling the white areas of a Mandala on my phone), I was not convinced but as I went along, I suddenly felt the courage to continue until I saw the final result. Though, I can confess right now that coloring is not for me, I can still vouch to agree that the above information are true and correct. I find myself more fit to draw and not color which works out the same actually. And whenever I feel the need to de-stress more, I color my own drawings and gain benefits from it – satisfaction and the feeling of courage that despite my age (where most one’s life begins teehee!), I can still do what our youngsters can do. Below image is just one of my drawings which I named “Owl be yours forever”. Are you with me now? Been meaning to join the bandwagon and get de-stressed but on a tight budget to buy a coloring book? Join my giveaway and win a: During this period, you will receive 5 printable coloring books to print & color! Easy, just DOWNLOAD, PRINT and COLOR. Remember, Christmas time is drawing near. Why not show off your artworks with your family and friends by giving them your finished works – framed as presents. This giveaway runs until September 30, 2015. Winner will be announced the next day. You will be contacted via email. Meanwhile, as you try your luck, you may also try The Coloring Book Club for 14 days, free of charge. Just click HERE and you are good to go! GOODLUCK!	<urn:uuid:e58b7cf5-8f30-479f-ad04-883bafed1834>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.mitchteryosa.com/coloring-books-and-its-surprising-health-benefits-giveaway/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz	en	0.9717	439	1.632813	2
The Medicines Firm is a biopharmaceutical company driven by an overriding function—to avoid wasting lives and alleviate suffering by creating options for diseases with huge economic and social consequences. Our group of medical college students is what sets Drexel aside from other colleges. It goals to equip college students’ with data and medical skills to recognise mental health issues and establish proof-based strategies for their management. Drexel College College of Medicine’s training of girls and minorities was thought-about progressive within the 1800s. Faculty investigators all through IU Faculty of Medicine’s 26 academic departments work collaboratively to advance information about illness and enhance remedy and well being outcomes for patients all through the world. Students should discuss with the checklist of pre-placement and placement requirements for their Well being self-discipline on the Placement Necessities web site for full particulars of the necessities regarding medical placement to make sure that they meet eligibility for placement. During Yr 3 you’ll spend most of your time on medical placements, studying medicine by following sufferers by means of the healthcare system. Now we have robust links with the Postgraduate Deanery, guaranteeing a clean transition from undergraduate research to postgraduate training, and produce highly skilled, competent graduates who are equipped for the Foundation Training programme, for larger training, and the challenges of medicine in the twenty first century. Whether you might be a part of our group or are curious about becoming a member of us, we welcome you to Washington University Faculty of Medicine. The programme initially focuses on preparing you for learning in larger schooling and building a platform for built-in clinical sciences. College of Medicine, FoM is a necessary part of the Life Sciences Campus Kontinkangas and is located subsequent to the University Hospital of Oulu The campus is a singular mixture of partners in research, schooling, well being companies and business. College students on the College of Birmingham are taught by a mix of professors, doctors and postgraduates, thereby receiving a wealthy range of educational data and expertise. The Heart for Medical Genomics at IU College of Medicine gives medical scientists with inexpensive entry to excessive-quality excessive-throughput genomics companies. Teaching is structured round 5-10 week medical attachments, and you will rotate by common medicine and surgical procedure, obstetrics and gynaecology, child well being, basic apply, psychiatry, and quite a lot of hospital sub-specialties.	<urn:uuid:88f52769-b1fa-4c55-949f-f3784e780ae5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.e-corl.com/medicine-which-means-in-the-cambridge-english-dictionary.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.951705	497	1.828125	2
Documentation for method last-date-in-month assembled from the following types: method last-date-in-month(Date: --> Date) Returns the last date in the month of the Date object. Otherwise, returns the invocant if the day value is already the last day of the month. say Date.new('2015-11-24').last-date-in-month; # OUTPUT: «2015-11-30␤» This should allow for much easier ranges like for all remaining dates in the month.	<urn:uuid:f000da18-a658-4929-b2f6-244747b12a71>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://docs.raku.org/routine/last-date-in-month	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.652691	146	1.53125	2
Studies Show That the Guest Self-Service Era Has Officially Begun Decades ago, self-service was largely defined by one, often lackluster offering: vending machines. We would carefully feed a bill into the designated slot, punch in the code for our desired drink or snack, watch the machine whirred to life and push our selection forward, and then often watch in dismay as it got stuck against the glass on its journey down to the basket for retrieval. In this sense, vending machines were hardly a luxury offering. Instead, they served a distinct (and limited) purpose and were often reserved for moments in which we had no other food or beverage options to explore. Today, however, the self-service landscape looks entirely different – in fact, it’s taken on a life of its own. First, our vending machines received a significant makeover, shifting away from a cash-only payment model to accepting digital forms of payments. In time, vending machines also began to offer non-traditional products, including electronics, high-end beauty supplies, and even gourmet cakes and desserts. Slowly, the digital revolution took hold, and self-service became its own retail segment as many consumers began to show a preference for online shopping, self-service kiosks, cashless payments, online customer service, mobile functionality, and personalized digital experiences. For the first time, new technology like AI and machine learning gave brands the ability to connect with consumers based on convenience and relevance, enriching each transaction or touch-point with data-backed personalization without the human touch. If you ask me, self-service technology isn’t simply a movement or a segment of digital evolution; rather, it’s the future of business as brands look to keep up with customer demands in a scalable manner. And in the world of hospitality, specifically, the self-service era is now well underway.	<urn:uuid:b2176cd3-8d4c-42ad-9123-17c2ac6f55ab>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://business.stayflexi.com/news/studies-show-that-the-guest-self-service-era-has-officially-begun/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.970652	386	1.90625	2
Human growth hormones are helpful to maintain the health issues such as repairing the tissues, maintaining the brain and other organs. The hormone can also help to heal the injuries and repair the muscles after doing the exercise. In addition, it also burns the over fat from the body and builds the mass of muscles. Apart from this, HGH also activates the cells of metabolism and provides protein to the body. The growth of hormones plays an important role to grow organs and bones. In addition, it is not only stimulating the liver but also treats other disorders also. You can also buy HGH pens for sale online to improve your health. There are some benefits and uses of the HGH Human growth hormones are used to grow the body of adults and children. Moreover, it helps to treat several chronic diseases like HIV and AIDS in adults. There are many effects on the medical results due to the lack of hormones in the body which are described below - If a child is born with less weight then they have to face less growth of HGH in the body. - Chronic kidney diseases also occur. - The insufficiency and deficiency of HGH in the body. - Muscles wasting diseases. Here, some of the benefits are described by the help of injections of HGH in the body Improve the density of bones The mass of bone is reduced with the help of growth hormones and it increases the significance when enhancing the rate of fracture. Apart from this, the growth hormone is also called somatotropin human growth hormone and it stimulates all the tissues of the body and bone also. Build the muscles and muscles mass The growth of hormones develops the skeletal muscles and also eliminates body fat. Moreover, the uses of the hormone also reduce age and help to stay physically active. When you are sleeping then your body releases the REM which helps to repair the damaged muscles and improves the quality of sleep even without doing the effort of workout. Decrease the advanced fat of the body The growth of hormones manages obesity from the body and control other properties such as lipogenesis and lipolysis the hormone is used for these properties like lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase. HGH also reduces the acid of fat by using substances that increase the number of hormones in the body. In addition, lipoprotein lipase controls build the of fatty tissues. It also breakdown triglycerides into fatty particles. Moreover, growth hormones encourage energy sources and also reduce the amount of sugar in the body which are very beneficial to stay fit in life. Apart from this, HGH directly increases the affiance of the body. The HGH also increases the capacity of doing the exercises. Due to these benefits, most people take the HGH to increase their athletic abilities and make their body stronger and fitter. Moreover, HGH is a natural procedure to improve the body and is also utilized to make it stronger.	<urn:uuid:94f4d4a0-8279-4501-b7f1-e53e50422634>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://bostonwomensmarchforamerica.org/category/events/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.949792	591	2.90625	3
Machining island «Single parts and tools» SUPB was created by toolmakers; it was built on this activity, the manufacture of specific tools, mainly for the aeronautics industry. - Lathe capacity (lathe-milling) : Ø700 x 1350 - Milling capacity (3 and 4 axes): 1200 x 650 x 650 Parc machines : - A machining center FAMUP 700MCX - A HARTFORD VMC 1200 machining center - A CMZ TC30YS CNC lathe - A CNC lathe – GOODWAY GA-2800L - A lathe ALPHA HARRISON 1460S - A conventional lathe CAZENEUVE HB725 By developing its know-how, SUPB has also developed its complementary services. Methods and industrialization department CAM resources : CAD resources : Production management and logistics department	<urn:uuid:1c37622b-9c48-4ed4-ae22-526283d2af88>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://www.supb.fr/?page_id=2901	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.838371	218	2.046875	2
“Cultural Studies approaches key aspects of culture using specific theoretical tools. Select a theory that has been discussed in this course and show how it can be applied to a specific piece of contemporary culture (a specific image or text) to help provide a particular understanding for a particular audience.” In answering this question, you will need to identify – At least one cultural studies theories explored in the course, including how they are defined by the author of the lecture/textbook chapter, and why they have been defined in this way in terms of context and the other scholarship they draw on. – The process whereby the textbook author/lecturer has defined these theories and then applied them to a ‘real world’ example, including your analysis of why you think they have used this theory to explain this cultural practice/practitioner. – You will need to identify what type of audience you think is responding to this image or text (ie: are you talking about a contemporary Australian audience? A historical case study? What political/social/cultural expectations come into play for this audience?) Once you have done this, you may: – be able to make a critically informed comment about how you think this has helped the reader understand (has this ‘theory’ and this ‘example’ been an easy fit? What was the context of its original application? Would it be different in a different context?) ORDER THIS ESSAY HERE NOW AND GET A DISCOUNT !!!	<urn:uuid:6f2361c8-707c-492b-bc43-82fba4c7db1b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://writemyessayhub.com/cultural-theory/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz	en	0.935465	311	3.09375	3
Thousands of small businesses struggling to stay afloat because of the pandemic are getting extra time to apply for forgivable, low-interest loans. The Senate voted overwhelmingly to extend the deadline of the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program to May 31, and. President Joe Biden is expected to sign it imminently. The popular Small Business Administration program was scheduled to end Wednesday, a timeline that could have prevented some 190,000 small businesses who have pending PPP applications from securing a loan. But don’t wait until the last minute to apply. The extension bill does not include additional funding. While the SBA says $79 billion is still available to lend, that may only meet demand through mid- to late-April, well short of the May 31 application deadline in the new extension. It’s unclear whether that will prompt lawmakers to consider appropriating more money. As of now, lawmakers have not appropriated more money to the program. Shuttered Venue grants, EIDL changes The news comes as the SBA continues work o the upcoming rollout of its $28.6 billion Restaurant Revitalization Fund, which aims to provide cash grants of up to $10 million for restaurants. The agency said it will start accepting applications for its Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program April 8. Learn more about the program here. The SBA also said it was more than tripling the maximum size of its Economic Injury Disaster Loans, from six months’ worth of economic injury — or up to a maximum of $150,000 — to 24 months of economic injury with a maximum loan amount of $500,000. The official increase will begin April 6, the agency said. The SBA also announced that it will extend deferment periods for all disaster loans, including the COVID-19 Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program until 2022. All SBA disaster loans made in calendar year 2020, including COVID-19 EIDL, will have a first payment due date extended from 12-months to 24-months from the date of the note. All SBA disaster loans made in calendar year 2021, including COVID-19 EIDL, will have a first payment due date extended from 12-months to 18-months from the date of the note. It is important to note that the interest will continue to accrue on the outstanding balance of the loan throughout the duration of the deferment.	<urn:uuid:3826b1c8-ad54-4c12-87de-a47a37b6eea9>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://growbiz.fiu.edu/2021/03/ppp-program-extended-but-funding-may-run-out-plus-the-latest-with-the-eidl-and-shuttered-venue-grants/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.955909	501	1.507813	2
I’m absolutely amazed that The Cornerstone had over 2.1 million page views in 2012!! (On top of that, The Cornerstone For Teachers Facebook page is about to surpass 20,000 followers.) Wow. Just wow. Thank you so much for reading, commenting on, and sharing my resources. I know that teachers’ time is short, and I’m honored that you chose to spend some of that time here on this site. Here’s a round up of the most popular stuff from the past year, in case you’d like to do some reading over your holiday break: Most Popular Classroom Management Pages of 2012 - Math Games and Center Ideas - Creating a Cozy Classroom - Fun Free Stuff to Print - Job Interview Tips - Ending the School Year - Classroom Jobs/Helpers - Individual Behavior Plans & Charts - The World’s Easiest Token System - Math Journals - Bulletin Board Solutions - Class Meetings/Morning Meetings Most Popular Blog Posts of 2012 I’m counting only posts that were written in 2012, and I’m not mentioning the freebie posts each time they appear in the list, since they’d be on here multiple times: - How to work a 40 hour week as a teacher - Top 10 free educational game websites for kids - Why I quit my teaching job mid-year - What to buy for your classroom (and what not to) - September’s best teacher freebies (here are the best teacher freebie posts from every month) - Classroom arrangement ideas - How to get a job as a teacher - Classroom organization tips to help kids with ADHD - Simple and meaningful activities for early finishers - Pinterest 101 for teachers - The clean desk diagram - Show us your classroom photos And in case you’re interested, the next online Bible study for teachers is starting the first week in January! I hope to connect with many of you in the group. Happy New Year! Wishing you, your family, and your students all the best in 2013. I’m looking forward to another wonderful year of sharing ideas and resources. Founder and Writer If you are a teacher who is interested in contributing to the Truth for Teachers website, please click here for more information.	<urn:uuid:98ebd8c0-21ae-4af1-ba6e-eba2e8c18073>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://truthforteachers.com/the-12-most-popular-posts-pages-of-2012/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.921337	510	1.601563	2
How one bacterium can lay waste to an entire wastewater system (and how Sewper® Liner will save it) Meet Thiobacillus, a common bacteria found in marine and terrestrial habitats that oxidizes sulfur to generate sulfuric acid, in turn dissolving and corroding concrete and steel. Enter Sewper® Liner, Imerys’ most recent innovation designed especially for the protection of concrete elements of new wastewater infrastructure assets. Fact. Wastewater conveyance or collection systems need protection. This is because hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which occurs naturally as a compound in wastewater infrastructure, can be released as a gas under acidic or turbulent conditions. Thiobacillus bacteria present in the system react with this hydrogen sulfide gas to form sulfuric acid, which, as mentioned before, corrodes sewer pipes, weakens concrete structures, and ultimately reduces an asset’s lifespan and increases the risk of dangerous sewer collapses. The best solution, you guessed it, is to leave Thiobacillus out by protecting reactive surfaces. While there are multiple solutions available, these are not all born equal. A common solution today, when H2S biogenic corrosion is expected, is the spraying of polymer liners such as epoxy. Sadly, this option lacks durability and too often fails after only a few years. Sewper Liner: A new chapter in the protection against H2S biogenic corrosion Imerys’ new innovative calcium aluminate solution, Sewper Liner, is especially designed to coat and protect new-build wastewater infrastructure and provide the highest level of durability against severe H²S biogenic corrosion. It achieves long-lasting protection on dry, flat and smooth walls of new concrete assets and is based on the same technology as Imerys’ highly successful SewperCoat® solutions. It is three to five times thinner than SewperCoat, making it ideal for the larger, flat surfaces of new wastewater concrete assets. It can be sprayed quicker, speeding up the construction process. This, in turn, keeps the costs down without compromising long term H2S corrosion resistance and durability associated with calcium aluminate technology. Sewper Liner also proves very effective on existing cracks, providing a thin layer of mineral protection that efficiently and rapidly bonds and covers a large surface area of dry concrete walls, resulting in higher durability with lower environmental impact (ISO 14040:2006). Thiobacillus, no hard feelings. As Claire Brown, Imerys Global Marketing Manager for Infrastructure, puts it “Sewper Liner is yet another example of how Imerys know-how, insight, innovation and a clear demand from clients have helped craft a smart calcium aluminate solution that outperforms previous options on the market, paving the way for much longer-lasting and more sustainable means of protecting infrastructure challenges.” Articles you might be interested in Representing only 0.1% of global cement usage, calcium aluminate specialty binders are true enablers in the world of construction, allowing builders to save time, boost productivity and leverage many innovations and sustainable options. The future of construction is sustainable. That future is what Imerys scientists recently exhibited at the Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete event in Lausanne, Switzerland with their white paper on low CO2 binder acceleration technology. This year, Imerys is extremely proud to celebrate the centenary of its French Fos-sur-Mer plant, specialized in the production of calcium aluminate based products. On April 30th, employees and their families were invited to take part in various events and festivities organized to commemorate 100 years of site existence. Imerys exhibited and presented at this week’s UNITCER, a key technical conference for the refractory industry. Experts from the Group discussed new products, sustainability and how to support young professionals in the industry.	<urn:uuid:2938c316-f37c-4113-9459-985de042dccf>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://imerys.com/news/how-one-bacterium-can-lay-waste-entire-wastewater-system-and-how-sewper-liner-will-save-it	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz	en	0.918046	804	2.84375	3
I’ve thought a lot about my dog’s safety this hunting season. Within the first week, there have been two incidents of hunters shooting dogs. One sweet girl ran loose in the woods of Orrington while the other sweet dog walked with her owner in the woods wearing blaze orange. My girl, Laura, is a red brindle. That means she could look a whole lot like a dark deer. Some of her greyhound friends are fawn-colored, the exact color of a deer in the woods. Hunting season always made me nervous, but this year is particularly scary. Maine state law requires 100% identification before shooting. Check it out by clicking here. It’s not just dogs who are in danger. On the first weekend of hunting, three people were shot as well. As pet owners, all we can do is to try to keep our dogs safe. First, keep your dogs close to you while out, especially in the woods. Work on your recall commands (a.k.a. “come”). Second, when out enjoying nature, make sure your dogs wear blaze orange or fluorescent colors. For extra safety, you should also wear bright colors. Avoid tan and white during hunting season. For the hunters out there, please know what you’re shooting at before releasing the trigger. Not just for the dogs’ sake, but the sake of the people around you.	<urn:uuid:da60a240-83d8-4e41-9e02-4fe541ae4211>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.bffpetphotos.com/hunting-season-safety/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.968314	294	1.992188	2
As primary election day wound down, voters trickled into Edgewater Community Library to cast their ballots. Some weren't able to — because they had come to the wrong place. As of 6 p.m., 338 people had turned out to the library to vote in Tuesday's primary election: 209 Republicans, 116 Democrats and 13 independents. Another 100 more had walked through the library's doors, only to find out they were at the wrong polling site, election judges said. Asked what was important to him this election season, one disgruntled resident grumbled: "Having a place to vote." Finding the correct polling place was an issue elsewhere in the county, as well. Earlier in the day, there were reports of voters at Glen Burnie Regional Library being sent to different sites. Election judges and voters surmised the confusion could have been based on early voting locations. Edgewater Community Library, like the library in Glen Burnie, was the only early polling place in the area. Voters can look up their polling place at https://voterservices.elections.state.md.us/VoterSearch. The polls close at 8 p.m. Doug Fish, of Lothian, was among those who was sent to a different polling site. He said he had recently moved and was unclear about which polling place matched up with his new address. Election judges were able to direct him to the correct site, a school down the street. Fish said he's a regular voter, but called this election season's atmosphere particularly "crazy." "You've got extremes on both ends," he said of the candidate selection. Breaking News Alerts Marilyn Colborn, of Mayo, agreed. "I consider my fellow Americans out of their minds," she said, adding that many of the candidates reminded her of "6-year-olds fighting." Edgewater resident Lisa Craig left the polls in good spirits. She had been watching election returns on the television before heading out to vote and her favorite candidates, including Hillary Clinton, were ahead. She said she considers it her responsibility to vote, but added she was pleased "that we had some really good candidates to vote for." Still, watching some of the candidates felt "like watching a trainwreck," Craig said. Her one word to sum up this election season?	<urn:uuid:58a8d78b-ec6d-4f69-8715-9b12da39a34d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.capitalgazette.com/politics/ph-ac-cn-edgewater-election-0427-20160426-story.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.990302	489	1.609375	2
Scour the prehistoric oceans as Sea Rex 3D: Journey to a Prehistoric World explores what our world looked like over 65 million years ago and the sea creatures inhabiting it. Created as an engaging IMAX documentary film, experience the wondrous natural history of life on Earth, starting hundreds of millions years ago. Witnessed through the eyes of a young imaginative woman and under the guidance of different palaeontologists, the film goes well and beyond to expand our understanding of marine reptiles like the plesiosaurs, liopleurodon, mixosaurus, pliosaurs, Ichthyosaurs, Mosasaurs and many others. These underwater animals lived for over 100 million years, imprinting natural history in stunningly well preserved fossils. Fossils of, for instance, the Ichthyosaurus have given us a rich perspective on what they looked like and what they ate. This is the amazing underwater universe inhabited by prehistoric marine reptiles, creatures who were ruling the seas well before dinosaurs conquered the lands. See science come alive in an entertaining manner and get ready for a face-to-face encounter with the T-Rex of the seas! - Release date2010 - Full runtime - Director(s)Ronan Chapalain, Pascal Vuong - Production companyN3D LAND Productions	<urn:uuid:39e0e19e-3ecc-4286-a309-3ca0aa703537>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://worklizard.com/sea-rex-3d-journey-to-a-prehistoric-world/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.868403	274	2.109375	2
Please note! This essay has been submitted by a student. Almost 500 years ago, Spain began to conquest for wealth and riches in Mesoamerica. When arrived he ordered that his ships be burned, and so there could be no return. Cortez set out to win control of Central America, but soon it became obvious that there was a problem. The moment he set his men against a small Mayan escort of their priests. Hernan Cortez encountered the magic of Mayan Shamans, he had difficulties with defeating the Mayan armies. He promised wealth beyond measure to the one with a solution. Seven days later, a group of 9 Shamans. He at first was sceptical, yet they humoured him by showering Cortez with praise and calling him ‘King’ and ‘Metal Chief’. Once he told them to get to the point they told him that they would enchant the weapon of his choice, the powerful enchantment gave the shielding of the gods to his army. All they asked for in return was the Temple of the Sun, and secured territories under the dominion of the god Chacu. Cortez asked them to enchant his sword, with no amount of disdain for the pagans hidden behind his teeth, and wiped out the remainder of the Mayans under the Aztecs, and then the Aztecs themselves. Instead of fulfilling his promise to bestow the temple and Chacan territories; he slayed the 9 shamans and enshrined the promised temple to himself. Knowing of their coming death, they put Cortez and his treasure under a curse, a curse that would carry to the end of worlds; The Curse Of The Lying King. 19°25’32. 2″N 88°05’18. 1″WOr at least so wrote my Grandfather shortly before setting out on his crazy adventure. He never came back, and when the above text was shown to the established scientific community it was universally agreed upon that he had gone insane and was probably in some poor alligators belly. The thing was, nobody in my family agreed. Not only would he be terribly unappetizing but also we really loved and respected our good, old Gran’pa Wesley. For quite some time, our family theorized about what could of happened to good, old Gran’pa Wesley. So I set out on a expedition to the coordinates Ol’ Wesley put in his journal. I got a plane to Mexico city, spent the fortune on a taxi to Felipe Carrillo Puerto and then borrowed a boat to the Chacu-Xercatl temple. I got off the boat and everything seemed fine, but when I was passing through what looked like a french orchard, I thought I heard someone or something following me. Not thinking much of it, and knowing it better to feign ignorance either way; I kept going regardless. I soon reached the temple and spent some time navigating my way towards the center. I then saw another smaller complex and decided to head towards it. Once inside, I found a spanish sword sticking out of a stone in the middle of tall, stone courtyard. I heard a twig crack and lo! Behind me was a demonic creature holding an ancient Mayan weapon: the Atlatl. It raised the enormous weapon over its head and rasped something incomprehensible in a language more evil and ancient than Wesley’s dentures. I did the only sane thing and ran for the hills, that were not that far from the temple. For whatever reason, I wasn’t being pursued. I lost my T-shirt among the brush when I was pushing through what I thought was a shortcut to the boat. I instead found the river again at a different spot. I looked around for something familiar, and saw an island I remembered passing by on the boat and dove in. Almost there, my arms were exhausted from swimming against the current. Suddenly, I was being pulled down by something. I looked down in the water and out of the murky brown came something so hideous I couldn’t help but gag rather than show any signs of fear. I realized that my foe wasn’t so big and I kicked the frog-like lizard in its squinty eyes. I swam quick for the shore and lay on the rocks and slept. Little did I know, I was being watched. After some quick yet blissful sleep, I was woken up by the most awkward face I have ever seen. Some weird shaman dude decided that I was a good potential pupil, and I woke up to him telling me that I was in his ‘domain’. He then proceeded to showing me his camp and telling me where I can sleep. Shortly after, we returned to the the rocky part of the island. There, he pronounced the most beautiful speech I have ever heard. Explaining how I was under the Curse of the Lying King, that would pit the forces of the dead and dark supernatural against me. He ended with with telling me that the curse would take effect with the setting of the Sun and the ominous and foreboding words “May your death be swift and painless”. Early the next morning he came up with a plan, as if he never predicted my death. We will go to Australia, for some odd reason, and bring to our aid the most powerful forces and allies and ‘use all these barrels to blow up the servants of the Lying King”. Next thing, he begins to train me. I never had such a humiliating workout in my life. After much refining of my swimming technique, I succeed in pleasing his condescending ways. That night we had a very enlightening talk about the supernatural around the fire. Melbourne“It must be green, okay?” – DJ Ruby Rhod from Fifth Element (1997) The next morning we departed for Mexico City. We stayed the night in a saloon and had the time of our lives until two in the morning. We took the next day to recuperate and have some quality time around town, swimming, eating fajitas, dining in expensive white-tourist sombreros and left for the airport early the next morning. It was an uneventful flight. The food was mediocre at best, and frequent trips to the bathroom at high turbulence made my brief flight on Lufthansa a regrettable inner-pandemonium. You see, strange things happen when I am left alone with my thoughts. You also might be wondering why I was taking a German airline from Mexico City to Melbourne, Australia. That was all thanks to some jedi-mind tricks by Quetzolerantl (That was the Mayan’s name), who was strangely fond of Germans. As the flight dragged on, I began to question my existence as I oftentimes do. Anyhow, my flight to Melbourne concluded safely. I made sure to tell the flight attendants, smiling, that we had landed in Melbourne, Australia. Not Frankfurt. The looks on their faces as it dawned on them were as priceless and rare as the reality of the situation. Not that I didn’t feel bad for them. We landed in Melbourne at sometime late in the evening. As I went down the stairs, I saw Quetzolerantl waiting for me. I checked my watch and knew why he was fuming; we were late to the birthday party of a friend of his. His only friend apparently, as all the others has been dead ‘traitors and disappointments’ for three hundred years. “This is going too far” I said to myself. “First…the world was a normal place devoid of magic; and then, Mayan shamans and their stupid curses get involved. ” It was a solemn moment, accepting all this. All this, and the fact that I was either insane or the great majority of this planet doesn’t know something I do. “Oh, why did have to go inside that infernal temple?” I whispered under my breath. There was no way he could of heard me, yet he responded with “Humans do things regardless of the consequences, and they then complain and blame it on the world”. I decided that I would remain silent for the duration of the way to his friend’s. After hailing a cab in front of a cab driver, who was beckoning to us, we drove downtown to this odd place called ‘The Cosmos Café’. He later explained that the reason he ignored the beckoning cab driver was because laws ‘more holy than (I) could understand’ wouldn’t let him trick or fool anyone who had invited him. After doing some voodoo magic on the cab driver, Quetzolerantl followed me into the cafe. I immediately felt the strong atmosphere, I felt empty and cold inside. The musty floorboards groaned with my weight whenever I took a step with a sound that gave me recollections of Jurassic Park. I was apprehensive, this was no normal cafe. There were three bearded men in the corner, drinking from green-steaming mugs. They were looking at me with a silent, grim fury that befit vikings in Valhalla. There was also another foreboding quality to their stares; it was envy. I could never explain how I knew, but their solemn yet magnanimous looks communicated that they believed that life was unfairly kind to me, that they deserved, loved and desperately needed what I effortlessly was given. Quetzolerantl was chatting with the barkeeper, the barkeeper looked me over with a quick glance and said “Hey! What ya’ staring at?” “Calm down, Freddo my boy” Quetzolerantl squirmed in his chair uncomfortably “He’s with me… he’s my new pupil, I just need to train him in Older Ways before I could use his help to obtain my revenge” His eyes grew bigger “ My eight brother will soon sleep peacefully”I wish I had put more thought into what he had just said before it was too late. He waved me over before I could ponder over what he said, he told me to sit down and introduced me to Fred. “Tim, this is Freddo… Freddo meet Tim”Fred gave me a glass of the same steaming and vivid green liquid. Fred noticed my unhappy expression and added “ I know it’s addicting, but if you only drink it once you should theoretically reap the benefits without becoming dependant on it” I looked back at the three men; they were giving me calculating looks. I took a cautious sip, and the universe widened. I was accelerating through space as comprehension of things not meant to be understood sieved through my consciousness. Slowly, yet surely, my mind would be stretched so wide that there would be no concept of the self. The whole universe would soon be enveloped. Stars rushed past my perspective like adrenaline fuelled thoughts. The normally undetectable grey film that kept the universe uniform was getting closer and closer. I began to feel the ear-splitting static press against the edges of my consciousness one last time as the eternal blackness rushed at me. I was an inch from going deaf in the alternating and deep silence when I came to. “You went far… dangerously far” said one of the three men, it was the first and the last time I heard one of them speak. I rested my head on the bar counter and slept a deep sleep. Hooded Jerockee“ ‘You’ he said, ‘are a terribly real thing, in a terribly false world ” – Emilie AutumnI was afraid to get up. Quetzolerantl kept chatting with Fred. All that was left from that exp-erience was a memory of the quick, bitter agony when I knew who I was. The stars remained as mysterious as they once were and I felt the loss of the whole universe at the back of my mind. Someone knocked loudly on the door. A hooded man burst through as soon as Fred said “Come on in” and grabbed both Quetzolerantl and me by the collar and dragged us outside all the while screaming and making sounds as if he was in pain.	<urn:uuid:39fd9b9a-6632-4aa6-89a1-1c927a43db1b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://eduzaurus.com/free-essay-samples/the-curse-of-the-lying-king/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.984762	2,576	2.546875	3
(This blog post was published on the original RMS team blog in March 2010) Once you have implemented an AD RMS infrastructure in your organization, end users can create and consume IRM-protected documents and e-mails using AD RMS-aware applications such as Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Word. AD RMS is a server role that makes Information Rights Management (IRM) possible for Microsoft Office applications. You will see both terms in the following articles and videos, which are aimed at knowledge workers that would like to protect documents and e-mail messages. These articles will explain how, once you have AD RMS implemented in your organization, you can create and consume protected e-mail messages in Microsoft Outlook 2007: The blog post IRM in Outlook 2007 by the Microsoft Outlook team provides an overview of IRM and a detailed look at how to create and consume protected e-mail messages.	<urn:uuid:70a61486-322f-4358-b296-4bf5b006ba2a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/security-compliance-and-identity/using-ad-rms-in-microsoft-office-2007/ba-p/247319	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.89376	184	1.84375	2
Elements: Official Card Game Rules In the first card game designed by mages and for mages, 3-7 players battle it out in a mad scramble for matching cards. Fast-paced simultaneous play, a continuous free-for-all in the center of the table, "islands" of defended cards that can be upended by "whirlwinds," and the meta-game of spellcraft make this a game of deep strategy, quick wits and unexpected One standard 52-card deck of playing cards, no jokers. We cannot in good conscience recommend a Tarot deck's minor arcana for this game. Get four of a single type of card in your Flame. First player to do so wins the round. "Card type" refers to the card's number; suit has no effect on the game. 3 to 7 mages. - EARTH - Every player possesses an equal-sized Island of cards on the play area in front of them: - 3 players - 6 cards each. - 4 players - 4 cards each. - 5 players - 3 cards each. - 6 or 7 players - 2 cards each. - FIRE - Every player also holds a Flame. This is where you collect cards toward your four of a kind. Your Flame can only have one type of card in it at a time. - WATER - All other cards are spread out face down in the Ocean, a communal area between and within reach of all the players. We recommend you define the physical limits of the Ocean before the game; leave room on the play area for the Islands. A typical Ocean is "within three vertical feet of the tabletop, and at least six inches from any of its edges" (which are marked for convenience). - AIR - Under certain circumstances, players can be forced to exchange cards. See Gameplay. - Your "Hand" is the thing with the fingers. The group of cards that you hold is not your hand, it's your Flame. Players with two hands have a Flame Hand (to hold the Flame; even if the Flame is empty, that hand may not be used for anything else) and a Play Hand. Players with more than two hands must limit themselves to two, e.g. by putting the extras behind their back. - Your Play Hand may only touch one card at a time. The first player whose Play Hand touches a card claims it, and it is under their sole control until they add it to their Flame, add it to their Island, or voluntarily let go and release the claim. (This rule may not be used to delay play; you must immediately forfeit cards you cannot legally add to either your Flame or Island.) - All Flames start out empty. - Before the game, each Island is filled with random cards face-down. Players may not look at these (with eyes or otherwise) until the game has begun. The dealer fans out the remainder of the deck face-down in the - STARTING OR RESTARTING: All players move their play hand to touch the center of the Ocean. The dealer then counts down "3, 2, 1, go," at which time play starts. All players' first actions must be to move their play hand to touch one of the cards in their Island; play then proceeds - You may not use magic to physically affect any player, including yourself. No action you take may cause harm or pain, or the illusion - You may not mentally affect any player in a way that continues beyond the end of the round. You may not mentally affect other players in any way that constrains their free will (note that altering perceptions is specifically not a constraint of this type). It is your own responsibility to guard against incoming mental effects. - You are the only player allowed to affect your Island or see its cards (this includes scrying or remote vision). You are the only player allowed to affect your Flame, but there is no rule against other players seeing it -- guard it well! You are the only player allowed to affect a card you have claimed. If you are maintaining a continuing effect on a card that another player claims, you must stop that effect. - Any number of players may magically affect any number of unclaimed Ocean cards at any time, in any combination. You may magically affect unclaimed Ocean cards even if you currently have a card in your Play Hand. - At all times, there must be 52 cards in play and there must be four cards of each type. Cards may not be transformed into cards of other types, but obfuscation or surreality is quite permissible (such as transforming every four into the Four of Hearts, or changing a Jack of Spades into a Jack of Dragons). Transforming two cards so as to swap them is legal, as long as it breaks no other rules. - Any card transformation must leave all affected cards' type unambiguous and leave a legible number or letter identifier in at least one corner of each card. Jacks' faces must have moustaches and no beard; Kings' faces must have full beards; Queens must have neither. - Ocean cards may only be claimed by your Play Hand. You may only cause them to leave the Ocean by claiming them. You may otherwise affect cards within the Ocean in any non-destructive way you want, including but not limited to swapping, scrying, illusions, flipping, shuffling, drawing toward you, moving away from other players, or invisibility. - Cards not in the Ocean may only be moved by your Play Hand, and may not be magically affected except for "vanity" transformations (those that leave the type unchanged), illusions, and scrying (where legal). Cards not in the Ocean must remain visible at all times. - If any action you take (it'll probably be magic, but any action counts) causes you to be in violation of a rule, you must stop and take no other game actions until you have reversed your rule violation. After that, move your Play Hand to touch one of the cards in your Island, then resume play as normal. - In exceptionally confusing circumstances, players may agree to a temporary game halt to determine who's in violation of what, and how. Once that's sorted out, restart the game by using the communal center-touching method described in Setup. Do not fix any rule violations until the game is restarted, unless players cannot agree on whose fault a violation is. We suggest having an impartial judge handy. - Play is in simultaneous real time. There are no turns. Actions may be taken as quickly as desired. - You may add or remove cards from your Island at any time. Cards removed from your Island may be placed in your Flame or the Ocean. You may have fewer cards in your Island than the number you started with, but you may never have more. If your Island currently is full, you must move a card from it to the Ocean or to your Flame before you can add a new one. - You may add or remove cards from your Flame at any time. Cards removed from your Flame must be placed in the Ocean. If your Flame has any cards, you may only add cards of that type. You can "light a flame" (add the first card) with a card of any type. - Every time you place a card in the Ocean, your Play Hand must touch a card in your Island before touching the discarded card again. You may magically affect the discarded card just like any other unclaimed card. - Any time your Play Hand is empty and your Flame has at least one card, you may invoke the power of Air. To do this, take EVERY card in your Flame and place them in the Ocean. (Do this with all cards at once; this is a specific exception to the one-card-at-a-time Play Hand rule.) Immediately announce "Whirlwind!" to the table. All players (including yourself) must immediately finish their current action, empty their Play Hand if necessary, and then take their entire Island into their Play Hand and pass it one player to the left. (Do this with all cards at once; this is a specific exception to the one-card-at-a-time Play Hand rule.) They then continue play as normal. - During a Whirlwind, you may create or continue magical effects as normal, but you may not claim or move any cards until you have passed your Island to the next player. - When you add a fourth card of the same type to your Flame, say "Fire!" (We cannot endorse playing this game in crowded theaters.) Play, and all magical effects, immediately stop. Once your foursome has been verified, you win the round and a new round may begin from scratch. Adaptation for Non-Mages This card game was designed specifically for people with the skill to push a deck of cards far beyond its ordinary limits. However, a simplified version can be played that gives a partial flavor of the original: - Give everyone a chance to look at, and arrange, their Island before the game starts. Start with the Ocean face-up, although players may of course turn these cards face-down or otherwise move them around during the course of the game. - Non-mage games are far more vulnerable to "instant win" situations, where everyone blitzes for one of the types with all four cards showing in the Ocean and at least one player manages to get it. To prevent this, you may want to double the Island size (and, optionally, force each player to reduce Island size by one after each Whirlwind). - The non-mage game is a great deal more visual, so attempt to keep the cards evenly spread out and face-up. Players may rearrange these cards with their Play Hand, and touch multiple cards at a time as long as they all stay within the Ocean, but extreme actions such as stacking all the cards together into a pile will just annoy everyone playing. - If a player wants a specific card but activity in the Ocean is making it hard to see or reach, they may call out the card name (including suit); this dibs-calling is outranked by a physical touch made before the entire card name is stated, but otherwise counts as a valid claim. A verbal claim can only be made if the player's Play Hand is empty and if the stated card is currently in the Ocean. It is nullified if the player (verbally or physically) claims any other card.	<urn:uuid:cbc26dd7-2572-439b-8dd0-560dd9a57b5a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://www.tomorrowlands.org/dwim/elements.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz	en	0.934986	2,342	1.867188	2
Corona virus VS Erasmus Corona virus VS Erasmus Due to the recent events, today we’ll talk about Corona Virus vs Erasmus. Take a break from this panic with me. I want to motivate and support both the ones who want to go on Erasmus and those who are already there. In this article, I will show you the bright side. With this being said, let’s destroy some viruses together. Remember what I said: Erasmus students are invincible. If you don’t know what I am talking about, go back to that article by clicking here. It talks about challenges for international students. Nowadays, both actual and future Erasmus students are facing a badss challenge: Corona Virus. Hey, we can’t travel, we can’t have wild parties, they canceled “Fallas” and so on. If you don’t know what Fallas is, I will just help you by saying this: it’s a festival in Valencia (Spain) where you have to go to at least once in this life. If you love festivals, parties and unique experiences, that’s the place. However, I strongly recommend you not to google it now. Check it after the whole Corona virus story ends so you can book your ticket right away. I will address myself differently according to your current status: willing to become and Erasmus or you are already in Erasmus. Even though, no matter your status, if you have an interest in the topic you should read both. Now, back to the point… Dear "future" Erasmus students... I know it’s annoying but keep calm! You are young and have plenty of time and options to go in Erasmus. You can wait for this to pass or take it while you will be on your master degree. There are also plenty of other options available like: Erasmus projects or volunteering. For now, just chill, watch Netflix, get your tequila bottles (or what you need) for quarantine and party with your close friends. You can also see it as a positive thing.This situation kind of stops time for everyone. If school, universities and everything else gets closed, you can spend some time thinking of what you would like to do. There are few who know what they want since the day the step into the university. There is also not that much time to think about it because you keep rolling: you have school/university to attend, deadlines, want to enjoy free time with your friends and so on. This is the perfect opportunity to just lay back and think where you are heading. What are you good at? What do you like? Google won’t infect us with Corona virus and it’s filled with information, so you can always go there and make some research. Discover what you like…what suits you best. If you are passionate about something, go ahead and work on it, play with it and make some progress. Do whatever you like and remember: this is not going to last forever. If you have to stay at home, don’t see it as the end of the world, cause it’s not! Instead you should use this time in your own advantage. Be positive! Soon enough you will discover the rest of the world and enjoy Mojitos wherever you want with whoever you like. Dear "actual" Erasmus students... I know you are crazy, wild and not afraid of unknown, otherwise you wouldn’t be an Erasmus student. So, Corona virus vs Erasmus: who’s winning? Trust me, corona virus will be among us for a short period, meanwhile, Erasmus will last forever. There is nothing that can prevent Erasmus from happening. You can see it as the strongest positive Virus on Earth. It’s true that Corona has a strong impact and sht got serious but hey: POSITIVE VIBES ONLY! Your families will be safe and take care of themselves as they are grownups. You still have Erasmus friends around and can meet to have a good time. Don’t spend time thinking of the whole negative things, but instead try to enjoy every moment. It will end soon and you will not want to realize that you spent this whole time worrying. As mentioned above, do what makes you happy. Meet your friends, go in a “quarantine party” together and enjoy life. If you can’t meet or have to stay at home, see the opportunity in it. As mentioned above, great idea would also be to spend some time taking care of yourself. Remove all negative thoughts, home sickness, anger due to lack of traveling options and so on. Let’s all chill and get that “Break from reality”. Maybe you have an exam that you weren’t prepared for and it gets canceled. Here’s your time to get back on track. You’ll have time recover a bit from all those parties (OR NOT…parties at home are still awesome). You can stress less that you might have neglected studies and a re-exam will be waiting for you. Spend some time thinking of what to do and how to do it. What’s your strength, what’s your weakness? How can you take advantage of both? Anyways, all I am saying is that we are still young and wild. IF we can’t take advantage of all the freedom at the moment, there is a bright side of it. Maybe nothing works outside the house at the moment but we have some time for ourselves. You can choose to use it wisely (fun, self-development, relax) or you can panic and go through all the negative thoughts. So, what will it be?! Forget about Corona Virus and stay Erasmus weekly! Lessons for today: Every bad situation has a bright side… try to OPEN UP YOUR EYES! Be confident! Stay POSITIVE! P.S Have you heard of Trevor Noah? Stand up comedian?! One of the best in my opinion…I can’t stop laughing with him, so if you are curious watch this video and RELAX! (he says that at some point)	<urn:uuid:e979dee5-1be9-4cc0-a0ab-47a82aa63754>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.erasmusweekly.com/corona-virus-vs-erasmus/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.945504	1,331	1.5	2
Across the globe, cafés share some particular things in like manner. For example, they present a comfortable and welcoming climate for espresso sweethearts. In this way, they offer an unspoiled social center point. In spite of the above qualities, there are boundless alternatives for giving your coffeehouse a modern look. In any case, it requires uncommon abilities for solid workers for hire to make your inside plan stand-apart among contenders. Examination shows that cafés are opening quickly, and it is assessed that the business will develop with a 7% edge this year. Along these lines, giving your shop a novel appearance is crucial in pulling in clients. In this manner, coming up next are tips on giving your café a mechanical look, which would provoke set up partnerships by speaking to clients. The Social Allure of Modern Style The mechanical look is a popular decision for a café inside style. As indicated by solid project workers, modern style is moderate and interesting to the eye. Bistros with modern stylistic theme are suggestive of the block clad dividers. The shops have uncovered lines, which add to the inside style. Moreover, the decision of café furniture can reinforce your style plan. You can make the inside cozier by introducing mechanical style lights. You can decide on metal seats along with some café wooden tables. Additionally, you can finish that modern stylistic layout by introducing the turn bar stools. Convey Usefulness and Innovativeness on a Careful spending plan Arranging an untainted café inside plan requires some degree of imagination. Innovativeness will guarantee your picked mechanical look collects every one of the basic components to change your thoughts into a reality. Solid workers for hire encourage customers to have an idea, spending plan, and marketable strategy. Nonetheless, the spending stays the critical part of carrying out your fantasy café style. Moreover, people need to explain their center business goals. For example, you need to see how you need to serve the espresso. An espresso stand can be an ideal useful thought, yet the whole mechanical look ought not be restricted to the decision of the stand, by the by. Estimation of Stylish Modern Stylistic theme The inside of a bistro has a vital influence in making deals and, eventually, benefits. For example, bistro plans for more modest spaces, both rich and agreeable, will allure more clients to visit your shop to purchase espresso and heated items. People visit cafés to appreciate espresso and maybe take a few cakes while perusing a book, associating with companions, or working on the web. Hence, positive encounters accomplish more than just empower client dedication; it can move others to open and possess a café sometime in the not so distant future. Also, people don’t need greater spaces for their organizations to flourish. It just requires functional modern stylistic theme thoughts.	<urn:uuid:f1906164-355d-4fe5-ae67-aa78dda44534>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.brabustermagazine.com/2021/04/15/how-to-give-your-coffee-shop-an-industrial-look/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.930652	587	1.5	2
Medical Students always say this to newbies ” Look for the Best Medical School and Study”. The Fact still remains that attending a good Medical School is the first step to a good medical Career. Studying Medicine in the USA at the Famous Harvard University cannot be compared to Studying Medicine in an unknown medical school. Basically, Med Schools are ranked most times based on employability. So, we have put down the 2022 Best Medical School Rankings from USNews, Top Universities CNBC, and the Times Higher Education. What is Medicine According to Wikipedia, Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients and managing their injuries or diseases, including diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, and palliation. Furthermore, it’s a broad term that refers to a wide range of healthcare methods that have emerged to preserve and restore health through illness prevention and treatment. Why Attend Medical School? There are a million reasons why you should attend medical school. Basically, it prepares you to save lives. If you an empath and love rendering help, right there is an utmost reason to attend medical school. Below is a list of other reasons you may choose to attend medical school. - Improving the lives and health of other people. - Being a leader in a healthcare team. - Amazing clinical and non-clinical job options. - Being a lifelong learner in an intellectually stimulating career: medicine changes all the time, so medical personnel especially have to make sure they continually learn, so they can continually improve their patient’s lives. - The ability to operate on another human being and having that trust from your patient is profound. How long does it take to graduate from medical school? how long it takes to graduate from medical school depends on the laws and requirements of your state. Generally, to graduate from medical in the US, You must first complete a four-year undergraduate degree, four years of medical school, and three to seven years as a resident, depending on the specialty. Following that, you must pass a licensing exam in the state in which you wish to practice medicine. To become a licensed doctor, you’ll need between 10 and 14 years. In other nations, becoming a doctor takes about the same amount of time as it does in the United States. Future physicians in Canada must also complete an undergraduate degree (3 to 4 years) before enrolling in medical school (4 years), as well as 2 to 5 years of residency. In summary, becoming a doctor in Canada takes between 10 and 13 years. While some countries, such as New Zealand, take 12-14 years to complete medical school, Australia takes 9-11 years to complete medical school, and the United Kingdom takes 10-11 years to complete medical school. What are the requirements for studying medicine? The requirement for medical school differs. It depends on the country you are studying. Medical degrees are considered second-entry degrees in the United States, which means you can’t enroll in a Medicine Bachelor’s program right away. Before applying to medical school, you must first complete a Bachelor’s (undergraduate) degree in a related Science field (common alternatives include Biology and Chemistry). After that, you can enroll in a four-year Medicine program. Here are the general med school requirements for the US: - High school diploma - Undergraduate degree in the field of Sciences (3-4 years) - Minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.0 - Good TOEFL language scores - Letters of recommendation - Extracurricular activities - Minimum MCAT exam result (set by each university individually) Some American med schools have additional requirements, like completing premedical courses, such as: - College Biology with laboratory, one year - General college Chemistry with laboratory, one year - Biology, Chemistry – minimum of 24 semester hours in areas of Humanities - Mathematics (Calculus and/or Statistics, one year (6-8 semester hours) - General college Physics with laboratory, one year (8 semester hours) Admission requirements for medical school studies in the UK Know that each university is free to set its own criteria, some of the most common requirements for applicants to medical schools in Britain. - Previous (high school) studies it at least two Science subjects. Usually, Chemistry and Biology or Physics/Maths are mandatory. - Proof of English language proficiency: IELTS – average score of 6.0 or 6.5, or PTE Academic - UCAT test score. Each university can use it differently. Some establish a minimum UCAT score they’ll accept. Other universities use a “points system” for evaluating applications and will offer you more points for a higher UCAT result. - International Baccalaureate, with at least 36 points overall, including three higher level subjects (including Chemistry and Biology), and three standard level subjects. Each subject must be passed with a minimum of six points. International Baccalaureate is not required by all universities in the UK. - Successfully passing the interview(s) - Evidence of voluntary or work experience related to medicine and healthcare - Reference letter from teachers/academic supervisors Admission requirements for medical school in other countries Here are some of the most common admission criteria for Medicine degrees offered in other countries, especially by European universities: - High school diploma (certificate) - Good marks in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Math - Letters of recommendation - Letter of motivation - Voluntary or work experience related to healthcare - Candidates taking the International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB) must offer three subjects including Chemistry and Biology at Higher Level, plus three subjects at Standard Level. Not all universities require an International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB). - Minimum TOEFL and IELTS results How Much Does it cost to earn a degree in Medicine Despite the fact that tuition fees vary by year, school, and nation, the cost of medical school has risen steadily over the previous ten years. According to Shemmassian, the cost of medical school in 2022 will be in the range of ($10,200 – $91,557) for out-of-state tuition and fees and ($10,200 – $73,659) for in-state tuition and fees. Also, certain schools, such as Weill Cornell and Columbia, now offer debt-free financial aid, which means that eligible students won’t have to take out loans. Tuition and expenses may be totally covered depending on your financial need. We have gathered the latest Medical School Rankings from USNews, Top Universities CNBC, and the Times Higher Education. We are going to start with an overall World Med School Rankings. Which country is the best for medical school? The best country for medical school for you will depend on what you are in search of. USA is known to have the best medical school in the world – Harvard Medical School of Harvard University. However, it cost over $67, 000 for basic tuition to study at HMS. According to expatriateconsultancy.com, the United Kingdom is the best for medical schools. In ranking these countries, they put into consideration average tuition, cost of living, and healthcare index across the globe. Their research posits the UK as the best country for medical school with the Netherlands taking second place. List of the World Best Medical School Rankings - Harvard University - Oxford University - Cambridge University - John Hopkins University - Stanford University - Imperial College London - University of Pennsylvania (Perelman) - University of California–San Francisco - Karolinska Institutet - University of California, Los Angeles Best Med Schools Ranking 2022 #1. Harvard University Harvard is the 6th best University in the World, notwithstanding, they top the chart for the best Medical School in the World. Harvard University is at the top of the World in Medical Research and inventions. The School Tops US News Medical School Rankings for 2022. Since its inception, Harvard Medical School is known for its continuous innovation and domineering influence on medical education. The Medical School in Harvard accepts 3 Students out of every 100 Applicants to the Medical School (The acceptance rate is 3.4%). The Students report Median GPAs of 3.93 and it polls 519 as an MCAT Score. The Average Cost of 15 Programs at Harvard Medical is over $59,317 Per year. In 2018, Billionaire Ken Langone made a $100 million dollar donation to the University that allowed Students in Harvard Medical School Eliminate Tuition for that year. The journey through HMS for most students begins with the annual White Coat Ceremony. Afterward, HMS students pursue the Pathways program and aim at getting a satisfactory grade for each course. At HMS, there are no traditional letter grades. They are either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. By the end of the first year, HMS students have built notable clinical skills that prepare them for principal clinical experiences. Applications into HMS is expected to end by 24th Oct 2022. #2. Oxford University Oxford University in History is a Father of many Universities in the World. As one of the Oldest Universities in the World, it is also the second Best Medical University in the World. Indeed, with a great history of World Medical Researches and Cure, Oxford University Still Stands a pillar in the Future of UK. Oxford School Admits 150 Students Into a 6-year program. Oxford offers two courses in medicine, both leading to the same qualification, Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (BM, BCh). The Tuition fee for Oxford University Medical Schools is between US$32,800-45,900 for Undergraduate Programmes and US$29,930 -35,700 for Masters and Doctoral program. For More about Oxford, Medical Schools Visit the link below #3. Cambridge University The Cambridge University Medical School is co-located at with Addenbrooke’s Hospital on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. The University has been marked the second-best in the UK and made the list of the 3rd best Medical schools in the World. Tuition fees range from US$69,700 for veterinary medicine and medicine and US$27,050-38,860) for most master’s and doctoral programs. The University is aimed at making it to the top of the World Medical Schools by 2022. Click below for the official link to the School #4. John Hopkins University John Hopkins is the Number 2 best University for Medicine in the USA behind Harvard University. The University has a Median Undergraduate GPA of 3.94 with over 520 as the MCAT Score. It has a good Acceptance rate compared to Harvard with 6.10%. John Hopkins Medical Student pays an average Tuition fee of $58,949. The Medical School in USA records over 470 Students as School Enrollment. #5. Stanford University The Stanford Medical School is ranked number three in the USA and it made our list today as the 5th Best. New Applications into the Stanford School of Medicals is ongoing and will end on October 1st. The School has over 494 enrollments, with a Tuition fee of $58,197. #6. Imperial College London Imperial College London is named as the 6th Best Medical School in the World. The UK University stands as a pathway to the development of Medicine in the United Kingdom. The Imperial College London runs three undergraduate courses accepting approximately 280 first-time undergraduates each year or a six-year course leading to the award of an MBBS and BSc. The tuition fee for Non-Clinical and Clinical Medical Students in ICL is £41,000.00 #7. University of Pennsylvania (Perelman) The University of Pennsylvania School of Medical is officially ranked 3rd Medical School in the USA. The Medical School has gained an International Recognition as amongst the best 10 Medical Universities that study Medicine. The School has a Median Undergraduate GPA of 3.9. Median MCAT score 521 and an acceptance rate of 45. The University of Pennsylvania School of Medical tuition fees is recorded as $63,137 with 587 Students enrolled. #8. University of California–San Francisco The University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine is ranked the 4th Best Medical School in the USA. This University has pulled up to a Median Undergraduate GPA of 3.85 and a Median MCAT score of 517. The University of California Medical School’s acceptance rate is 3.4%. The Medical School in California tuition fee is $52,689 with a total Student enrollment number of 645. #9. Karolinska Institutet The School has major programs in medical and health fields, including dentistry, optometry, and nursing, to name a few. Its academic calendar is semester-based. The primary language of instruction at the school is Swedish, but several degree programs, known as global bachelor’s and global master’s programs, are offered in English. Karolinska Institute tuition fees for UK applicants, it is capped by the British government at around £9,250 or $12,280 per year. However, for international students, it is around £43,500 or $57,720 per year. #10. University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Los Angeles or the David Geffen School of Medicine is the 6th Best School in the USA. It closes our Chart of the top 10 best Medical Schools in the World. The School has a median Undergraduate CGPA of 3.82 with a Median MCAT score of 517 and an Acceptance rate of 2.1% The University of California, Los Angeles Medical School tuition fees is $52,899 and the total Medical School Enrollment is 713. In addition, we have carefully looked into other regions like the developing Countries, Europe, Latin America, Asia, Canada, Australia, Africa, and the Middle East. Top Medical Schools in Europe Out of the 500 Listed World Medical School Rankings, many of the Institutions are found in Europe and almost 40 in the UK. From the List of the Top 10 Medical Schools in the World, the University of Oxford, Imperial College London, and Cambridge University Uk made the List. These Three Schools are the best in the whole of Europe in terms of giving the best shot to a Medical Career. Another University that came close to the List is UCL The University College London. The University in Uk is one of the world-leading health Research Institutions with many inventions emanating from their rich archives of research. Some new Researches papers coming from the School of Medicine, UCL I’m Sure that the will make the 2022 List of the top 10. Germany is another best Medicine Study destination in the World. Germany is the Second best Europen Country in Medicine. with over 31 Universities enlisted in the general rankings and 3 enlisted in the top 50 universities in Medicine. Universities like Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin(33rd in the World), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (40th), and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (42nd) are leading. The Italian Universities made the 3rd sit with over 25 Universities listed in the Medical School Rankings. Sapienza Università di Roma, Università degli Studi di Milano, and Università di Bologna (UNIBO) all made it to the first 100 Universities. France has 20 Universities ranking on the List with The Likes of Sorbonne University and Université Paris Descartes in the first 100. Spain is another Medical Giant in Europe with 14 universities making it to the top. The Universitat de Barcelona (UB), also made the top 100. More on the List Belgium’s Katholieke Universiteit Leuven tops in the Country. In the Netherlands, Leiden University, Maastricht University, the University of Groningen, and Utrecht University fall within the range of 51 to 100 in the global ranking. Sweden’s top Universities like Karolinska Institute, Lund, and Uppsala University Medical Schools all made it to the top of the 100. The Switzerland’s University of Basel, the University of Geneva, and the University of Zurich are all among the best 100. In Ireland, only one institution – the Trinity College Dublin (TCD) made it to the first 100. The Denmark’s University of Copenhagen and the University of Helsinki all ranked in the top 100. Lastly, Austria’s Medizinische Universität Wien is the last Europe University that made it to the top 100. Top Medical Schools in Latin America In Latin America, over 30 Universities are ranked among the Best Medical Schools in the World. Countries Like Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay all make the Chart Brazil ranks the highest with 15 Schools. The University of Universidade de São Paulo (USP) is the Top School in Latin America. Colombia’s Six Universities currently rank within the range of 301-350. In Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ranks the highest, and in Chile, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile is ranked the highest Medical School. Universidad de Bueno Aires maintains Argentina’s top medical school. Top Medical Schools in Asia Asia has a total of 98 medical schools. These Schools include 28 in Japan and 18 in China and South Korea. Two of Japan’s top medical universities are in the top 50 in the world and two in the world’s top 100, including the second-highest university in the region, Tokyo University & Kyoto University. In addition to the University of China in Beijing, Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, rank less than 100 doing more than that of last year. South Korea has 18 Medical Schools in the rankings, led by Seoul National University), while Sungkyunkwan University and Yonsei University moved up to 51 and 100 against a lower ranking last year. With 10 universities in the ranking of World Medical School 2020, Taiwan ranks 50th with its highest faculty of medicine, the National Taiwan University (NTU). Thailand follows with a total of six Medical Schools, with Mahidol University with the highest ranked Medical School. Malaysia has five of the best medical universities. the Universiti Malaya (UM), is ranked between 101-150th. India has fewer than five medical schools and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi tops the chart of Indian Medical Schools. Hong Kong, Indonesia, and the Philippines are each followed by two Universities apiece, with the University of Hong Kong (HKU) ranked third in Asia, occupying five places in 29th place in the Ranking. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is the second-highest institution and the Faculty of Medicine is among the ranking School enlisted among the top 50 schools in the world. Pakistan and Singapore each have a participant – Singapore’s only University & best Asian medical school, the National University of Singapore (NUS). The NUS is currently ranked 23rd Top Medical Schools in the USA The 2022 School rankings include over 90 US top universities, 18 of which are in the top 50. In the United States, 6 medical schools made the top 10. As the most prestigious institutional study site in all, Harvard University ranks first, Johns Hopkins University ranks fourth in the world, and achieves excellent results for all four indicators. Stanford University is known to receive more research grants from the National Institutes of Health than any other faculty of medicine. Next, is the seventh-best university in the world – the University of Pennsylvania (Perelman) – Which offers students an intimate engagement with Medical Curriculum and Researches Initiatives. The University of California–San Francisco and that of Los Angeles are in place sixth and 10th in 2022 rankings. They provide world-class graduates who have achieved greatness in Medical Research. At Yale University, Yale Medical School is a world-renowned biomedical research and teaching center. Elsewhere, MIT ranks below 10th with UCL in the UK. Other US medical schools ranked in the top 20 include Columbia University at 14, and Duke University. Last year, and the University of California San Diego (UCSD). Top Medical Schools in Canada Canada is the one home of Quality Health services. This was sponsored by Quality Research in Medicine carried out by the best Medical Schools in Canada. They have competed globally. In Northern Canada, 17 of its top medical schools are ranked in 2022, including four in the top 50. The University of Toronto is Currently ranking 13th in the World from the QS Ranking and the number 1 spot in Canada. McGill University is ranked 19th, While the University of British Columbia is currently on the 30th, McMaster University is also in a tie with other world Universities on the 43rd position. Top Medical Schools in Australia & New Zealand The Australian continent has a total of 22 Medical Schools in 2022 in the ranking, 20 of which are Australian-owned University, and the rest is in New Zealand. Of the 20 Australian Schools’ medical school rankings, four are in the top 50 worldwide. Melbourne retains the 17th spot, followed by Sydney University, which is placed behind Monash University in 18th place. The University of Queensland made 49th. Three other institutions are in the top 100 worldwide: the Australian National University (ANU), the University of Adelaide, and the University of New South Wales (UNSW). The two representatives, the University of Auckland and the University of Otago sit between 101 and 150 people in New Zealand. Top Medical Schools in Africa Egypt has the highest number of Universities with 6 Schools in the medical school rankings, while South Africa has five Schools. In Egypt, Cairo University has seen a significant increase in rankings from 251 to 300 to 201 to 250. However, South Africa ranks first in Africa. Cape Town maintains its position in the 101-150 range. Uganda, Nigeria, and Ghana just have one University represented in the list of Schools. Top Medical Schools in the Middle East Isreal has 5 Universities on the List of top Universities. Turkey will then be followed by four high-level institutions, followed by Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Jordan with two each. The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait have the lowest number of Schools with only one each. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which numbers between 151 and 200 people, ranks first, while Haceteppe University and Istanbul University (301 to 350) occupy the highest places. King Abdul Aziz University (KAU) is the highest of the two participants in Saudi Arabia and reached a rank in the 151-200 range after 251-300 last year. Given that Lebanon and Jordan each have two institutions in the ranking of medical schools, the American University of Beirut (AUB) is the highest of the four, rising from 251 to 300 in 201-250 this year. We have to say that Medical Schools in the World are the major entities that save the world’s Health System. Whatever the taught is what is applied. Choosing the best is to get the best. Don’t make the wrong choice. Choose Wisely. We also Recommend World Medic Forum as a Medical resource for the latest findings in the Medical Field Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients and managing their injuries or diseases, including diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, and palliation. The requirement for medical school differs, it depends on the country you are studying. Here are some of the most common admission criteria for Medicine degrees. High school diploma (certificate) Good marks in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Math Letters of recommendation Letter of motivation Voluntary or work experience related to healthcare Candidates taking the International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB) must offer three subjects including Chemistry and Biology at Higher Level, plus three subjects at Standard Level. Not all universities require an International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB). Minimum TOEFL and IELTS results UCAT test score. Each university can use it differently. Some establish a minimum UCAT score they’ll accept. Other universities use a “points system” to evaluate applications and offer you more points for a higher UCAT result. - 25 Top Medical Schools That Accept Low GPAs In 2022 - Best 3-Year Medical Schools in the World \| 2022 Rankings - Best-One Year Masters Programs For Medical Schools - 15 Best Caribbean Medical Schools \|Ranking, Acceptance Rate, Tuition The Ranking was based on the predictions from USNews, Top Universities CNBC, and the Times Higher Education.	<urn:uuid:d08724b9-f357-4f8b-9158-05de32960171>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://kiiky.com/medical-school-rankings/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.927135	5,237	2.546875	3
Introduction To Toolbox For my doctoral thesis at the Berlin Technical Institute (Technische Universität Berlin) I set up an experiment. The idea was to find out which of the most cited screenwriting how-to books (according to Google Scholar) had the best and most efficient advice. I put each of the following books to a tough test. What actionable advice did it contain? - Aristotle – The Poetics - Gottfried E. Lessing – The Hamburg Dramaturgy - Gustav Freytag – Technique of the Drama - Gottfried Mueller – Dramaturgy of the Theater and the Film - Semjon Frejlich – The Dramaturgy of the Film - Lajos Egri – The Art of Dramatic Writing - Syd Field – Screenplay. The Foundations of Screenwriting - Christopher Vogler – The Writer’s Journey - Robert McKee – Story - Linda Seger – Making a good Script Great The result was an ordered list of work instructions on the topics of brainstorming, plot construction, scene construction, dialogue and script revision. I have called it THE TOOLBOX. Students were given a writing task (a draft for a television movie, an episode of a crime TV show, an episode for a family drama TV show). Students were divided into groups of 4-6 people. I exposed each group to one set of rules. I invited the executives of the TV series and series of T movies to evaluate the outcome. 500 students went through the process, 120 outlines were evaluated. The evaluation results were merged with data derived from student’s feedback about the writing process. From this a ranking of rules emerged according to their contribution and usability. The result is now available to you. Below you will find 10 downloadable documents. Each one contains the essential tools extracted from one of the books mentioned earlier. The idea is of course not to replace the books. The TOOLBOX gives you fast and easy access to some of the best advice on screenwriting ever given. You will find that you relate more to one or two of these amazing teachers, to how they talk about screenplays and writing. In this case you have found your master. You should go and buy the book and start your journey into writing. If you want instead to go the fast route, check out our Services. We will give you the right advice, taken from those books, at the right time and in the right shape and form so that you understand what needs to be done to make your screenplay ready to be sent out into the world. Download Your Tools ARISTOTLE AND CHINATOWN 400 A.D. – publisher unknown “..The noble ones imitate good deeds and those of good ones, but the ordinary ones imitate those of the bad ones.” What are Aristotle’s rules for writing? Do these 2400 year old rules still apply? How to translate Aristotle’s terminology in today’s language? Who are these rules for? What kind (genre) of story to expect if you follow his rules? G.E. LESSING AND CHINATOWN The Hamburg Dramaturgy – 1767 – Reclam jun. GmbH & Co., Stuttgart “Because nothing is great that is not true.” Why a great critic is also a great teacher? Why did Lessing have it in for French theater writers? What did he have to say about the nexus of society and drama? Why it is worth taking a look at contemporary movies through Lessing’s eyes? Why Lessing would have loved Chinatown? GUTAV FREYTAG AND CHINATOWN Die Technik des Dramas von Gustav Freytag – 1886 – Verlag S.Hirzel, Leipzig “He [the poet] thinks he is driving his figures, but he is secretly driven by them.” How one writer single handedly revitalized the landscape of German drama. How “character-driven” became the battle cry of an entire generation of writers. Meet the man who invented the visuals of play structure that we still use today. Why nobody ever described a plot point better than Gustav Freytag? Why Freytag introduced the dreaded “m-word” (morale) into the catechism of writers? Why Freytag would have hated Chinatown? GOTTFRIED MUELLER AND CHINATOWN Dramaturgie – 1942 – Konrad Riltsch Verlag, Würzburg “The beginning has to burst into the exposition like a bomb, the middle has to be the climax and the end a release.” What warfare and scriptwriting have to do with each other. How this man discovered the secret sauce of Hollywood and involuntarily helped the Nazis to almost create their own. The birth of the action movie through Aristotle reimagined. Why the right ratio of fate to doom is a life saver for writers. How the plot became just another character of the story. LAJOS EGRI AND CHINATOWN The Art of Dramatic Writing – 1946 – Verlag Simon & Schuster, New York “The premise is the seed that grows into a plant that was contained in it, no more and no less.” Why you will never ask again ‘why do I need to write that darn backstory?’ after reading Egri’s rules. How every story is part of another story that started long ago. Why did it take 2364 years to effectively contradict Aristotle? Why does it need an equation with three known unknowns to write a good story? SEMJON FREILICH AND CHINATOWN Die Dramaturgie des Films – 1964 – Henschelverlag Berlin (DDR) “The drama must represent the conflicts of life, otherwise it is not drama.” The birth of Neorealism and the social drama. Why communism was bad for storytelling. How your plot can reveal your political affiliation. Why Soviet writers dreamt of writing a never ending drama. Why society can never be the hero and revolution can never be a plotpoint. SYD FIELD AND CHINATOWN Screenplay. The foundations of Screenwriting – 1979 – Dell Publishing, New York “Writing is the ability to ask yourself questions and get the answers.” Why it took Syd Field 2000 scripts to understand what was missing in all but 40? Why the “want” vs “need” dichotomy is still one of the most powerful tools? Why it took the Paradigm of three acts to discover that there were really four of them. Why Syd Field was puzzled by Chinatown and went to investigate. CHRISTOPHER VOGLER AND CHINATOWN The Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers – 1992 – Michael Wiese Productions “The generic term for a handful of recurring components that we come across again and again in myths, fairy tales, dreams and films is: the hero’s journey.” Why Christopher Vogler was at one time suspected to be a Soviet secret agent. Why psychology had to be invented before this book could be written. How Vogler can help you through the “40-mile-desert” of the second act and what you will find on the other side. Why only this book can explain what the difference between film and real life is. ROBERT MCKEE AND CHINATOWN Story von Robert McKee – 1997 – Harper Collins Publishers, New York “Story is a metaphor for life.” What a performing artist knows about storytelling. Why 95% of our movies today owe big time to a small actors studio in NYC. What is the smallest element of storytelling ever discovered? How the entire world fits into a triangle. Why you should always toss all your dialogue ideas before you start writing. LINDA SEGER AND CHINATOWN Making a good Script Great – 1987 – Samuel French Trade “As is the case with every other art form, the same holds true for scriptwriting: In the beginning, there is chaos.” How could you possibly add more character types to Chris Vogler’s many archetypes? Why did it take a woman to discover one of the most overlooked elements of good writing? Why does the midpoint so often become the first plotpoint after a thorough revision? Why should the myth stay out of the game before a writer has written their first draft? How Chinatown teaches us that no story is instantly great.	<urn:uuid:be639050-034b-432a-94ec-3a25e768f82f>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://totellastory.net/the-toolbox/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.935466	1,838	2.15625	2
Factory+Registry pattern for Python classes. At the intersection of the Registry and Factory patterns lies the ClassRegistry: - Define global factories that generate new class instances based on configurable keys. - Seamlessly create powerful service registries. - Integrate with setuptools’s entry_points system to make your registries infinitely extensible by 3rd-party libraries! - And more! Create a registry using the klass_registry.ClassRegistry class, then decorate any classes that you wish to register with its register method: from klass_registry import ClassRegistry pokedex = ClassRegistry() @pokedex.register('fire') class Charizard(Pokemon): ... @pokedex.register('grass') class Bulbasaur(Pokemon): ... @pokedex.register('water') class Squirtle(Pokemon): ... To create a class instance from a registry, use the subscript operator: # Charizard, I choose you! fighter1 = pokedex['fire'] # CHARIZARD fainted! # How come my rival always picks the type that my pokémon is weak against?? fighter2 = pokedex['grass'] There’s a whole lot more you can do with ClassRegistry, including: - Provide args and kwargs to new class instances. - Automatically register non-abstract classes. - Integrate with setuptools’s entry_points system so that 3rd-party libraries can add their own classes to your registries. - Wrap your registry in an instance cache to create a service registry. - And more! For more advanced usage, check out the documentation on ReadTheDocs! ClassRegistry is compatible with Python versions 3.7, 3.6, 3.5 and 2.7. Install the latest stable version via pip: pip install klass-registry Running Unit Tests To run unit tests after installing from source: python setup.py test This project is also compatible with tox, which will run the unit tests in different virtual environments (one for each supported version of Python). To run the unit tests, it is recommended that you use the detox library. detox speeds up the tests by running them in parallel. Install the package with the test-runner extra to set up the necessary dependencies, and then you can run the tests with the tox command: pip install -e .[test-runner] tox -v To run tests for multiple Python versions in parallel: # Python 3.7 only tox -p all # Python 3.6 or earlier pip install detox detox Documentation is available on ReadTheDocs. If you are installing from source (see above), you can also build the documentation locally: Install extra dependencies (you only have to do this once): pip install '.[docs-builder]' Switch to the docs directory: Build the documentation: Download the file for your platform. If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages. Hashes for klass_registry-2.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl	<urn:uuid:64490ee2-08a5-4b59-b702-e4252b7e055e>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://pypi.org/project/klass-registry/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.731155	749	1.914063	2
Next to a chef's knife, a paring knife may be the most essential. The paring knife gets its name from its ability to pare away things like apple peels or the "eyes" of potatoes. For peeling, it can be held in the hand. When slicing small foods, like garlic or ginger, it can also be used against a cutting board. Most cooks have several of these handy smaller knives.	<urn:uuid:027c0bc0-6451-4c5b-bd21-30595fcd244b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://housewares.kaiusa.com/paring.html?hw_global_blade_edge=19673	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.953693	121	1.859375	2
How to make a budget: The ultimate guide Author: Maria Smith Making a budget can be one of the most fundamental money actions you take. A budget is a money blueprint and a financial plan to help direct your spending, saving, and debt repayment. But you don't have to feel overwhelmed in making a money management plan. Here is how to make a budget in 5 simple steps and what you can do before and after creating a money plan to ensure its success. Why budgeting is important Making a budget can help you manage your money and feel more in control of your finances. It is not about depriving yourself, but rather about giving each dollar a purpose and living within your means, developing a sense of freedom with your money. A well-thought plan can help guide your spending and track your income, expenses, debt, and savings. Budgeting can also help with financial overwhelm and running out of money before your next paycheque. By including sinking funds, you can better plan for major purchases avoiding having to go into debt. And being aware of your spending can also help to reduce your costs. Just the act of creating a budget has shown to decrease spending. Before you make a personal budget plan Budgeting may be one of the most important financial moves you make. And it is an optimal first step. But there are some things you can do first to help you get prepared. Let's dig into what you need to know before you create a budget plan. Know your goals Having clearly written down short-term and long-term goals can help you financially plan for them. If something is important to you, then you will want to make sure it is a priority in your spending plan. Before you make a budget, take some time to outline what your short-term and long-term goals are. If you have a partner, this can be a great exercise to do together. The goals you set can help shape your future budget. Here are some financial goal examples for you to think about: Short-term goals – saving for a downpayment on a home, saving for a holiday, paying down debt, buying a new car Long-term goals – retirement, being mortgage-free, saving for college/university tuition Track your spending & monthly expenses If you want your budget to be successful, it's a good idea to start with realistic numbers and not just ballpark amounts or estimates. To get accurate numbers for your expenses, track your spending for a few months before creating a budget. Tracking your spending can be done by keeping all of your receipts or monitoring your credit card bills and bank statements if you are a credit or debit card spender. It's a good idea to track your spending for a few months because some expenses may not come up every month. And other costs may be variable, so monitoring for a few months helps you get a more accurate average to use. Compile your paperwork Once you've tracked, your expenses have all of that information handy when you sit down to create your budget. You will also want to have a record of your income (pay stubs can be good for this). And because some expenses only happen once a year (property taxes, life insurance, annual membership dues, for example), get out a calendar for this step too. Go through each month and take note of when major or annual expenses come due. This information will be valuable later when creating your monthly money plan. Why do you want a budget? And finally, before you create a budget, take some time to really think about why you want a budget. Having a solid reason for doing something can be very motivating. This motivation can help you stick to the budget when times get tough. And when it comes to money, there is a good chance that times will get tough at some point or another. Here are some reasons why people create budgets: - Pay off debt faster - Save up for a major purchase - Take control of their finances - Don't want to wonder every month where their money went - Achieve their money goals - Get on the same page as their partner How to make a budget Creating a budget can be done in 5 steps. Here is your guide on how to make a budget. Step 1 – Record your net income Whenever you are working with your budget, you want to use your net income. This is also known as your after-tax income or take-home pay. Creating a monthly budget is the easiest way to start. Monthly paycheques make recording your net income easy every month. Always use your base net income. Bonuses, raises, and commissions can be irregular, so have a plan for irregular income, but don't count on it every month. If your paycheques are anything other than monthly, total up your annual net pay and divide it by 12 to get a monthly number. Or you can choose to budget per pay period (biweekly, bi-monthly, etc.). The only tricky part of this step is irregular paycheques if you are a gig worker or freelancer, for example. If that is the case, try taking 3 months, or plan for the lowest months and adjust in the higher months. Step 2 – List all your expenses by category Because you have already taken the time to track your monthly expenses and compile your annual expenses, this step can be pretty straightforward. For any of your yearly expenses, divide them by 12 for a monthly budget. When coming up with your category totals, think of them as spending limits. There are 3 main ways that you can categorize your expenses: Fixed vs. variable Fixed expenses are all of those that are known in advance and are consistent month to month. Examples of fixed expenses are rent/mortgage payments, vehicle payments, childcare, and monthly property tax payments. Variable expenses are those expenses that vary month to month. You may know how much you spend in each category, but that amount can fluctuate month to month. Examples of variable expenses are food, entertainment, and clothing. Needs vs. wants Needs are all baseline expenses required to live. Examples of needs may be rent/mortgage payment, transportation, childcare, and food. Wants are all of the expenses beyond your basic needs. Some examples of wants may be transportation, clothing, and entertainment. Needs and wants may differ from person to person. If you live near public transportation, you may not need a car, but if you live in an area with no public transit, then a vehicle may be a need. Even though needs and wants can differ from person to person, be careful not to classify your wants as needs. Needs are the necessities. Personally, I think that detailed categories are the best way to categorize your spending. Not only do detailed categories include your fixed and variable expenses and needs and wants, but they also provide a clearer picture of your spending. Here are 20 budget categories you may want to consider in your budget: - Cell Phone - Fuel (vehicles) - Car Insurance - Home/Tenant Insurance - Eating Out - Public Transportation - Annual Memberships - Sinking Funds - Fun Money - Bank Fees - Vehicle Maintenance Step 3 – List all your debts & minimum payments Now that you have included your income and monthly expenses, it is time to include any debt repayment not been previously accounted for. If you have a credit card payment, student loans, or other loans, you will want to include their minimum payments in your money plan. We always want to include the minimum payments for any debt as a necessity. Then any extra money you can allocate to paying off your debt faster if you so choose. Step 4 – Include your money saving goals Because you have already considered your long and short-term money goals, you should have an idea of how much you would like to allocate to savings every month. In this step, write that number down. You may also choose to set aside money into various sinking funds if you have not done so in a previous step. Step 5 – Total your income & expenses/debt servicing/savings and review In each previous step, you have come up with a list of numbers. Now it is time to see how they all add up together. First, add up all your sources of net income from step 1. Then subtract all of your expenses from step 2, debt minimum payments from step 3, and savings from step 4. What's your final number? Suppose you have a positive number that means that your income is higher than all your expenses/debt/savings that is a good problem to have. You can choose to allocate any extra money to debt repayment or savings. If your number is zero, congratulations, you have achieved a zero-based budget. Every dollar that you earn has a role. But a word of caution, sometimes when your first budget is that exact, there is little room for error. And, if your number is negative, that means that you are spending more than you make every month. Look for areas to cut or negotiate. Remember having a budget is not about deprivation, so don't try to cut everything. But look for expenses that don't align with your values or expenses that you may be able to keep but negotiate a lower rate on. Types of budget systems Although the above 5 steps for how to create a budget are universal, there are many different types of budgets that you can consider. Each type has its positives and negatives, and it may take you a few months to play around with each type until you find one you want to stick with. Here are a few different budget styles you may choose to look into: • 50/30/20 Budget • Zero-Based Budget • Envelope Budgeting System • Budget Binder • Highlighter Budget And if technology is more your thing, you can create your own budget spreadsheet to keep track. The Government of Canada website has a great free online budget planner tool. After you've created a budget plan Now that you've gone through making a budget, there are a few things that you can do to help ensure your success with your new money plan. Monthly review and tweak One of the most important things you can do with your newly created money plan is to review it monthly. Very rarely do we get our budgets 100% right on the first try. Your money plan is flexible and adaptable to your lifestyle. Schedule time into your calendar every month to review your budget and spending. Keep track of the budgeted amount for every category and what you actually spent. If you find that there is money left over every month, come up with a plan for what you would like to do with it. Spending it is okay sometimes, but you may also find it very rewarding to pay off debt faster or accelerate your savings. When you do take the time to review your numbers, give yourself some grace. It may not be perfect for the first few months, and even later on, there may be months that you blow your budget. But go back to why you are budgeting, identify what went "wrong" that month, and make a plan to adjust in the future. One bad month doesn't mean you should stop budgeting. How will you hold yourself accountable? It's great to go through the exercise of making a budget, but how will you hold yourself accountable for it? Here are a few tips that may help: - Tell someone about your budget – whether it be a family member or friend, recruit someone to be your accountability partner. - Find a budget style that helps keep you accountable – the cash spending of an envelope budget system can really help with this. - Use a budget app – some apps can help keep you accountable, and they even find ways to help you save money. Scheduling a family meeting is a great way to get the whole family on board with a budget. Younger children do not always need to know all the details, but involving them can help to teach them about money as they grow up. Your family meetings can be a place to discuss the general budget and how it aligns with your family's goals. Children may be more likely to buy into the plan if they understand what it is and how it may affect them. If your budget has line items for debt payment, sinking funds, or your short and long-term goals, take some time to think about how you will celebrate the achievement of these milestones. Celebrating your achievements doesn't have to cost a lot (you don't want to break your budget). But planning to celebrate can help keep you motivated along the way and is a critical step in enjoying your life. Remember, a budget isn't about deprivation. Give yourself the freedom to celebrate now and then. 10 Budgeting tips When it comes to budgeting, like anything else, we could all use a little help from time to time. Here are 10 budgeting tips to help you stick to your money plan. - Budget for fun money. Having fun money or cash category can provide a buffer in your budget. It can also help you feel guilt-free when spending money on yourself. - Automate your finances. The more you can automate your finances (bill payments, savings), the easier it will be to stick to your budget. - Separate each bank account. By keeping your chequing and savings accounts separate, you are less likely to spend your savings. You can even take it one step further and have your chequing and savings accounts at different banks. Bonus tip – automate the transfers to your savings account. - Only use your credit card if you have the money. Credit cards are not a source of income. Make sure you have the money in your account before using a credit card to make a purchase. - Don't be afraid to make changes. If your budget isn't working for you, you can change and update it. Comparing your budget numbers to your actual spending for the month can help you tweak your spending plan. - With the leftover money, prioritize saving. There will be some months when you have money left over at the end of the month. Make a plan for this money and try to avoid spending it mindlessly. - Always use your net income because taxes are a reality. Using your after-tax income will make your budget more realistic. - Use realistic numbers. Don't just estimate your spending. Track it and use real numbers when coming up with your budget category totals. - Look for simple moves with significant effects. Sure, coupons are great, but if you can save hundreds of dollars a month by not having a car payment or getting a roommate, you will see a more significant impact on the income side of the equation. - Update your budget when life changes. When life changes, so should your budget. Are you expecting a little one? Update your budget to reflect that. Just got a raise at work? Make a plan for the extra income.	<urn:uuid:6a35ac1a-a280-46f7-86f9-86f1b83cc445>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.fidelity.ca/en/investor/investorinsights/how-to-make-a-budget/?language=en	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.946386	3,174	2.828125	3
Australia's three-pillared retirement income system is well known. The three pillars comprise the means-tested Age Pension and associated social security arrangements, compulsory employer superannuation contributions through the Superannuation Guarantee (SG), and voluntary private savings including through superannuation. A key policy objective of this system is to enable Australians to achieve a higher standard of living in retirement than would be possible from the publicly funded Age Pension alone. The World Bank has broadly endorsed Australia's general approach to the provision of retirement incomes. The individual elements of the retirement income framework are discussed further below. The Age Pension The Age Pension provides a means-tested safety net for individuals who have had limited opportunity or capacity to save for retirement prior to reaching Age Pension age. The Age Pension is available to individuals who have been resident in Australia for at least ten years (at least 5 of these years in one period), and have reached the qualifying age (currently 65 for men and 62 years for women (rising to 65 by 2014)). The maximum fortnightly rate of the Age Pension is currently $421.80 for singles and $352.10 each for couples. The Service Pension provides a similar income support payment to veterans, and is available five years earlier than the Age Pension. The rate of the Age Pension is adjusted every March and September in line with movements in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Additionally, payment rates are indexed in line with wages growth, with the maximum single rate of the Age Pension maintained at (at least) 25 per cent of Male Total Average Weekly Earnings (MTAWE). Pensioners are, therefore protected against price increases, and also share in improvements in living standards, as measured by wages. The value of the Age Pension in real terms has been boosted in recent years through a number of initiatives, including legislating to link the full rate of pension to 25 per cent of MTAWE. This policy has meant that the value of the Age Pension has grown in real terms by 1.19 per cent per year since 1996 (on average) and is expected to grow by 1 to 1½ per cent a year on average into the future. In addition, as part of the introduction of the new tax system in July 2000, the real value of the pension was increased and the pension income test withdrawal rate reduced (from 50 cents in the dollar to 40 cents in the dollar). The second of these measures, in particular, has made the Age Pension more accessible to partly self-funded retirees, and added to the incentive for individuals to save for their retirement by boosting the returns from such saving at the time of retirement. Eligibility for the Age Pension also brings with it a number of ancillary benefits. People in receipt of either the Age Pension or Service Pension are entitled to a Pensioner Concession Card (PCC). Those of Age Pension age who do not qualify for either a Service Pension or Age Pension because of assets or income levels may qualify for a Commonwealth Seniors Health Card (CSHC). The holder of either a PCC or CSHC is entitled to pharmaceutical medication under the Commonwealth's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. This is at the concessional rate of $3.60 per script. State and local governments also use the PCC card as a way of identifying people to whom they offer services at a concessional rate. These concessions are in areas such as transport, utilities, motor vehicle registration, and water and property rates. The Government has recently widened eligibility for the CSHC. Singles with incomes below $50,000 and couples with incomes below $80,000 are now eligible for the card. Senior Australians who hold the Commonwealth Seniors Health Card have also been extended the same concessions as pensioners on telephone costs. They are entitled to a Telephone Allowance of $18 per quarter. The Commonwealth has also opened negotiations with the States with a view to extending other pensioner concessions to cardholders over time. Approximately 54 per cent of individuals of Age Pension age currently receive a full rate pension, another 28 per cent receive a part-rate pension, and 18 per cent are not eligible for the Age Pension. By 2050, after the SG system has reached maturity, it is expected that the proportion of people aged 65 and over receiving a full rate pension will fall to around one third, and that the proportion of people not receiving the pension will rise to around 25 per cent. The proportion of people receiving a part-rate pension is expected to increase to around 40 per cent. The Age Pension is therefore likely to remain an important feature of the retirement income framework into the future. The Budgetary cost of the Age Pension (including the Aged Service Pension) currently accounts for around 2.9 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per annum. This cost is expected to increase to 3.6 per cent of GDP by 2021 and 4.6 per cent of GDP by 2041, reflecting the ageing of the Australian population. Compulsory superannuation - the Superannuation Guarantee (SG) An important part of Australia's superannuation system is the provision of compulsory employer contributions through the Superannuation Guarantee (SG). The SG arrangements were introduced in 1992 to ensure that employees are provided with adequate levels of superannuation support from their employer. Under the SG arrangements, employers are required, with very few exceptions5, to provide a prescribed minimum level of superannuation support each financial year for their employees. SG contributions are tax deductible to employers. The phasing in of the compulsory SG arrangements was over a ten-year period completed on 1 July 2002. For 2002-03 and subsequent years, the prescribed minimum contribution rate is 9 per cent of the employee's 'notional earnings base'. Employer contributions made under the SG must be fully vested in the employee and are fully preserved (except in limited circumstances such as death and disability) until retirement on or after preservation age (currently 55 but gradually rising to 60 between 2015 and 2025). From 1 July 2003, employers will be required to make SG contributions on behalf of their employees at least quarterly. This measure is designed to better safeguard employees' superannuation entitlements in the event of their employer becoming bankrupt or insolvent. As approximately 85 per cent of businesses currently make superannuation contributions quarterly or more often, this measure will ensure greater fairness between employees in relation to the security of their superannuation entitlements. The coverage of superannuation in Australia has grown significantly as a result of the introduction of the SG and the fact that the legislation provides for very few exemptions. In 1986, only around 40 per cent of Australian employees had superannuation coverage. The ABS Survey of Employment Arrangements and Superannuation indicates that superannuation coverage now extends to some 98 per cent of traditional employees with leave entitlements and 72 per cent of casuals. Table 1 shows the historical changes in the coverage of employees. \|Year\|\|Employees: % covered\| \|Full Time\|\|Part Time\|\|Total\| Source: ABS Employment Benefits Surveys 6334.0, 6310.0 Self-employed persons are excluded from the requirement to make mandatory superannuation contributions through the SG. This group is encouraged to save for their retirement through the availability of tax deductions for personal superannuation contributions and tax concessions for saving through a small business. Around two thirds of the self-employed have some superannuation coverage. Voluntary private savings In addition to compulsory employer contributions, some employers make above SG contributions for their employees. Individuals can also save voluntarily for their retirement through superannuation and/or other savings vehicles outside of superannuation such as property investment, (including owner-occupied housing) shares and financial securities. Voluntary retirement savings are primarily encouraged through the provision of taxation incentives for superannuation. Employees can make voluntary member contributions to superannuation from post-tax income. While such contributions do not benefit from the concessional tax rate applying to superannuation contributions, they still benefit from the concessional tax rate applying to the earnings on benefits inside the fund (details below). Salary sacrifice arrangements enable many employees to exchange part of their gross (pre-tax) salary in return for their employer contributing money into superannuation on their behalf. Salary sacrifice arrangements enable employees to effectively substitute the concessional tax rate applying to employer superannuation contributions for their own marginal tax rate. Special taxation arrangements apply to self-employed people for their superannuation contributions. The superannuation changes contained in the 2002-03 Budget are designed to enhance retirement incomes and further increase the incentive to contribute to superannuation. These measures include a Government superannuation co-contribution of up to $1,000 a year for low income earners, an increase in the fully deductible threshold for superannuation contributions made by self-employed persons, a phased reduction in the superannuation surcharge and a measure allowing couples to split their superannuation contributions. Voluntary member superannuation contributions, other employer contributions above the SG, and other non-superannuation savings are important determinants of the adequacy of retirement incomes. More than half of all employed people aged over 40 with taxable incomes above $30,000 have made some additional provision for their retirement. Saving through home ownership also has a direct bearing on the adequacy of retirement incomes by significantly reducing the cost of accommodation in retirement. In this context, the majority of older people in Australia are homeowners. The Australian Housing Survey 1999 showed that 80 per cent of households in which the reference person was aged over 65 owned their home outright and a further 4 per cent were purchasing. Where the reference person was aged 55 to 64, 66 per cent of households owned their home outright and 17 per cent were purchasing. Preliminary estimates suggest that households headed by persons over 65 have 45 per cent of their private wealth in housing and land, 40 per cent in financial assets such as deposits, shares, securities, and insurance reserves and 15 per cent of assets in funded and unfunded private pension funds. While the SG system has facilitated wide superannuation coverage of the Australian population, a number of new measures are designed to broaden access to superannuation by extending the circumstances in which voluntary contributions to superannuation can be made. - Consistent with the need to promote superannuation as a lifetime savings strategy, from 1 July 2002, parents, grandparents, other relations and friends will be able to contribute to superannuation on behalf of children. Under this measure, contributions of up to $3,000 per child per 3-year period can be made on behalf of a child under the age of 18. Superannuation for life will help create a culture that gives priority to planning ahead and achieving financial self-reliance in retirement. - In addition, the accessibility of superannuation will be widened by allowing working people aged over 70 but less than 75 years of age to make personal contributions to superannuation. To be eligible individuals must be working at least 10 hours per week. This measure recognises the choice made by some people to continue working past the age of 70. - Another measure will also allow recipients of the Baby Bonus to contribute the Baby Bonus and any other amount to superannuation, even if they have never worked before. This initiative provides a new mechanism for parents at home caring for children to continue to save for their retirement. The Government has restrictions on contributions past age 65, and compulsory cashing at age 65 if the member is no longer working part-time, to reduce the risk that concessionally taxed benefits are used for estate planning and not genuine retirement income purposes. Taxation arrangements for superannuation The taxation arrangements applying to superannuation are designed to encourage the accumulation of superannuation savings during an individual's working life for the purpose of drawing on those savings as a source of income in retirement. The main elements of the taxation regime applying to superannuation are outlined below. The taxation incentives available for superannuation include a concessional tax rate on employer and deductible member superannuation contributions of 15 per cent for low to middle income earners, and 15 per cent plus the surcharge of up to 15 per cent for high income earners. These tax rates compare favourably with the marginal tax rates, which apply to equivalent amounts of earnings subject to income tax. In relation to the superannuation surcharge, the Government has introduced legislation into the Parliament to reduce the maximum surcharge rate by 1.5 per cent in each of the next three years. Under this measure, the maximum surcharge rate will fall to 10.5 per cent in 2004-05. The Government has also committed to review the surcharge arrangements at that time to determine whether any further changes are required. The Government has announced the introduction of a superannuation co-contribution for low income earners to replace the current taxation rebate for superannuation contributions by low income earners. The maximum co-contribution of $1,000 a year will be payable in respect of personal contributions made by people on incomes up to $20,000. A reduced co-contribution will be payable to those on incomes up to $32,500. The co-contribution is designed to enhance the retirement savings of low income earners and to increase the incentive for this group to contribute to superannuation. In this context, the maximum co-contribution of $1,000 is significantly more generous than the maximum $100 rebate it is replacing. As noted earlier, tax deductions are made available to self-employed persons to encourage this group to contribute to superannuation. The fully deductible amount for superannuation contributions made by self-employed persons is $5,000. Contributions above this amount are 75 per cent deductible, with a maximum deduction equal to the taxpayer's age-based deduction limit. Tax deductibility for the self-employed is designed to enhance the superannuation savings of self-employed persons by providing them with an increased incentive to contribute to superannuation. Many self-employed persons who own a small business choose to save for their retirement by building up the value of their bus iness in addition to or instead of contributing to superannuation. In recognition of this, the Government has implemented a number of initiatives to allow small businesses meeting the eligibility criteria to significantly reduce, or eliminate, their capital gains tax (CGT) liability when selling a small business or part of a business. For example, a small business can disregard a capital gain when an active asset that has been held continuously for 15 years is sold. Furthermore, a small business can disregard a capital gain where the proceeds of the sale of an asset are used for retirement (up to a lifetime limit of $500,000). Tax deductions are available for employer and deductible member (self-employed) contributions to superannuation. Age-based limits apply to the amount of deductible contributions that can be made to superannuation and are indexed annually to movements in Average Weekly Ordinary Time Earnings (AWOTE). The age based limit system, together with the Reasonable Benefit Limit (RBL) arrangements, is designed to impose limits on the amount of superannuation which can receive concessional taxation treatment. The policy intention behind these limits is to ensure that superannuation is used for its intended purpose of providing for genuine retirement income, and not as a wealth creation or estate planning vehicle. A 15 per cent tax rate applies to the investment income of superannuation funds. This rate compares favourably with the rate of tax applying to earnings obtained from most other savings vehicles. Only two-thirds of qualifying capital gains are taxable, reducing the maximum effective capital gains tax rate for superannuation funds to 10 per cent. Superannuation funds are also entitled to imputation credits, which can be refunded. Retirees have the choice of taking their superannuation benefit either as a lump sum or as an income stream. Tax and social security incentives are provided to encourage retirees to purchase income stream products, which meet the Government's broad retirement income policy objectives. In particular, incentives are afforded to income stream products that provide for an orderly, regular draw down of the capital underlying the product over the expected duration of retirement. Where individuals take at least 50 per cent of their total benefits in the form of a pension or annuity which satisfies the pension and annuity standards (commonly referred to as 'complying' pensions and annuities), they qualify to be assessed against the higher pension RBL. The pension RBL of $1,124,384 for 2002-03 compares with the lump sum RBL of $562,195. In contrast, lump sum benefits and pensions and annuities not meeting these standards are assessed against the lump sum RBL. 'Complying' lifetime and life expectancy pensions and annuities are also exempt under the social security assets test. All other income stream products, including allocated pensions and annuities, are asset tested. One of the Government's election commitments was to examine whether 'complying' status should be afforded to a new class of market-linked pension known as a growth pension. Unlike existing complying income streams, the annual level of income from growth pensions would be dependent on the performance of the underlying portfolio of assets. Superannuation pensions up to the value of the taxpayer's RBL which are paid from a taxed source are also eligible for a 15 per cent tax rebate (the pension and annuity rebate). The rebate was introduced to compensate for the introduction in 1988 of the 15 per cent tax rate on complying superannuation funds. For lump sum benefits taken on or after age 55, the first $112,405 (indexed annually to AWOTE) of the post-June 1983 component is tax free if paid from a taxed fund, or taxed at a maximum rate of 15 per cent if paid from an untaxed fund. Any remaining post-June 1983 component (up to the individual's lump sum RBL) is taxed at a maximum rate of 15 per cent if paid from a taxed fund or 30 per cent if paid from an untaxed fund. (The Medicare levy applies in addition to these tax rates.) The part of a lump sum benefit which represents the return of an individual's own after tax contributions is not subject to further tax. In addition to the concessions available through superannuation, the Government has implemented a number of other initiatives which directly benefit people's living standards in retirement. These initiatives include the various concessions available to people of Age Pension age, as well as the Senior Australians Tax Offset (SATO). The SATO ensures that single senior Australians can have income up to $20,000 without paying income tax or the Medicare levy. While the rebates phase out over the income range $20,000 to $37,840 (for singles), taxpayers in this range still pay less tax than previously. Similarly, senior couples can have combined incomes of up to $32,612 without paying tax (depending on their income split). For couples, the rebates phase out at combined incomes up to $58,244. Adequacy and the taxation of superannuation Notwithstanding Australia's approach of taxing superannuation at all three stages (ie contributions, earnings and benefits), research undertaken by Treasury's Retirement and Income Modelling (RIM) Unit indicates that superannuation is a tax preferred investment over a working lifetime for persons in all marginal tax brackets. (This research is summarised in Chapter 4 of this submission.) The aggregate size of the tax expenditure associated with superannuation is projected at approximately $10.3 billion in 2002-036. The taxation of superannuation can affect the adequacy of retirement incomes in a number of ways. In a direct sense, the concessional taxation treatment of superannuation increases the amount of a contribution which is available to be invested (after tax) compared with alternative forms of saving - for example, shares or property acquired out of after tax income. This advantage continues during the accumulation phase of superannuation reflecting the concessional tax rate applying to investment earnings on superannuation account balances. The concessionality of superannuation also has an indirect impact on the adequacy of retirement incomes to the extent that it encourages individuals to undertake retirement savings. Some commentators have suggested that the complexity of the superannuation taxation arrangements detracts from the adequacy of retirement incomes by imposing costs on superannuation funds, which are passed on in higher fees and charges to members' accounts. The impact of the complexity of the taxation arrangements applying to superannuation funds is clearly an important issue. However, it also needs to be recognised that these arrangements are designed to meet specific public policy objectives, and some level of cost is inevitable as a trade-off for meeting these policy objectives. It has also been suggested that complexity can impact indirectly on adequacy by reducing the incentive to contribute to superannuation. However, it is arguable that much of the complexity of superannuation is hidden from members, and that for most employees the actual process of making superannuation contributions is not complex. For example, for employees whose only interaction with the superannuation system is through the SG in a defined contribution scheme, superannuation is relatively straightforward with contributions made on their behalf by their employer. Employees who wish to make additional voluntary contributions can either choose to have these deducted regularly from their after tax pay, or arrange with their employer to have regular contributions made from their pre-tax salary. Moreover, in contrast with non-superannuation investments, superannuation requires little or no involvement from fund members once the contributions have been paid into the system. Unlike other investments, the earnings on superan nuation investments do not have to be included in a person's annual tax return but are subject to a concessional taxation regime inside the fund. Trends in superannuation Superannuation assets totalled $527.7 billion in December 2001, over double their level of 6 years ago, making superannuation by far the largest component of household financial assets. APRA statistics7 show strong growth in superannuation contributions, with the flow of member contributions increasing by around 30 per cent over 3 years and employer contributions by about 25 per cent over the same period. After some years of very strong growth member contributions appear to have reached a plateau with no growth over the past year, while employer contributions have continued their steady growth growing about 7 per cent over the year. Modelling by Treasury's RIM Unit projects that superannuation account balances will increase substantially in the future as the SG system matures. Currently, the average superannuation balance per person is about $62,000, with a wide variation about this average depending on years of membership and levels of contributions. By June 2005 this average balance is projected to increase to $70,000, by June 2010 to $84,000 and to $113,000 by June 2020, all in today's dollar values. These estimates are based on conservative assumptions about fund earning rates. Average superannuation payouts at age retirement are also estimated to increase. These payouts are currently around $72,000 per person rising to $83,000 in June 2005, $100,000 in June 2010 and $136,000 in June 2020 (all in today's dollar values). There will be wide variations around all these averages, but the strong improvement in benefits as the system matures is clear. The economic and fiscal context The Intergenerational Report which was presented with the 2002-03 Budget highlighted the need for sound and sustainable economic policies, including retirement income policies, in the face of the budgetary pressures associated with an ageing population. At a broad level, policies which maximise sustainable economic growth, as well as overall economic and social participation directly benefit living standards in the community, including among retirees. In the retirement incomes context, increasing longevity has direct implications for the level of savings people need to accumulate prior to retirement in order to fund income in retirement. As most people's capacity to accumulate retirement savings is dependent on their participation in the workforce, this in turn has implications for policy in areas such as labour force participation (including among mature age people) and the related issue of the preservation age for superannuation. Any analysis of the appropriateness of the retirement income system needs to have regard to the broader economic and fiscal framework within which it operates. Any analyses or proposals in this area which do not have regard to this broader context are of limited use in informing the policy debate. For example, proposals to increase the adequacy of retirement incomes by significantly reducing, or eliminating the taxation of superannuation during the contribution and accumulation stage must be assessed against the fiscal implications of such proposals, and the associated trade-offs. Superannuation is taxed concessionally in Australia with the aggregate size of the tax expenditure associated with superannuation projected at $10.3 billion in 2002-03. Nevertheless, Commonwealth taxation revenue from superannuation contributions and earnings is significant - in 2002-03 this revenue is estimated to comprise: - $3.8 billion from the taxation of superannuation funds; - $0.8 billion from the superannuation surcharge; and - an amount from the taxation of statutory funds of life insurance companies under the company tax head of revenue, which is currently not estimated separately. Viewed in this context, proposals to defer the taxation of superannuation entirely to the benefit stage (that is, when people retire and receive their accumulated superannuation benefits) involve trading off a significant deterioration in the budgetary position over the medium term, and resultant higher Government debt and public debt interest costs, for increased taxation revenue in future years when the current working generation moves into retirement. The alternative to such a trade-off would be the introduction of significant offsetting fiscal measures to leave the Government's overall budgetary position no worse off. 5 Those exempt include employees earning less than $450 per month, part-time employees under 18 years of age and employees aged 70 and over. 6 Budget Strategy and Outlook 2002-03, Budget Paper No. 1, 14 May 2002. For methodology and other related issues see: Appendix B: Superannuation Benefits, Tax Expenditures Statement 2001. 7 APRA statistics are relatively up to date and are well established as the authoritative figures for asset levels. However, the levels of inflows and outflows as measured by APRA are consistently higher than those determined from ATO data (some time later) and other ABS survey data. Rothman (1996) discusses possible reasons for the differences, which have continued.	<urn:uuid:838fc492-0a0a-4160-be36-10149ee8a052>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://treasury.gov.au/publication/treasury-submission-to-the-inquiry-into-superannuation-and-standards-of-living-in-retirement/chapter-2-the-policy-and-institutional-context	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.960088	5,531	2.15625	2
Students will increase their confidence as painters through the production of a significant body of paintings. History & Context Students will gain a basic understanding of the history of watercolor painting and trends in contemporary watercolor painting. Students will gain a basic understanding of the materials, techniques and terminology of watercolor painting. Students will gain an understanding of color theory and color mixing as they related to watercolor painting.	<urn:uuid:a0694137-a72e-439b-b1c5-cc8ca2a6aa65>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://catalog2016.byu.edu/fine-arts-and-communications/art/watercolor-non-majors	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.918294	93	2.578125	3
An exciting new project has now begun in earnest at Avebury. The National Trust has teamed up once again with the Universities of Southampton and Leicester and Allen Environmental Archaeology (Between the Monuments 2013-15), and with the Universities of Ghent and Cambridge, supporting them in Living with Monuments, a new collaborative research project. Last week we kicked things off with two days of surface collection (field walking) under beautiful big skies and in the company of three deer. The finds were not coming thick and fast, but we were cheering ourselves up with the fact that an ‘archaeological void’ of sorts is actually very interesting and intriguing. This is only the beginning of what promises to be a thrilling archaeological project taking place in this world famous site over the next few years, building upon the previous work of the Between the Monuments project in the hopes of learning more about this extraordinary landscape.	<urn:uuid:6157c52c-f2a8-4b95-b403-f3ef769b9921>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://ntarchaeostonehengeaveburywhs.wordpress.com/2016/11/11/living-with-monuments-gets-underway/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.944819	183	1.710938	2
A UNITED AND UNITING CONGREGATION The Congregational and Methodist Churches were pioneers in Ferndale. The first Methodist church was built on the east side of the Nooksack River in 1882. In 1887 the first Congregational Church was located west of Ferndale on Mountain View. In the immediate years following WWII, both churches were facing financial difficulties. At that time, the two church leaders Rev. George Baird (Congregational) and Rev. Gene Albertson (Methodist) being friends and colleagues, discussed together their similar problems and ultimately formed the idea of a merger of the two congregations. By the summer of 1949, the Methodist building was decided upon as the best choice to house the combined congregations for worship and the large Sunday School that the Congregational Church brought with it, mostly because the broiler was in better shape at the Methodist site! In June of 1949, the vote was taken in each of the congregations and the merger was overwhelmingly approved. On Sunday, September 4, 1949, the actual bringing together occurred. The Sunday School children, and their teachers, of the Congregational Church marched up from downtown and joined their Methodist counterparts. The following week, Sunday School was held in what was to be the home of the new church which became the United Church of Ferndale. Sunday October 2nd, 1949 became the official date of merger. The plan of organization provided for a joint federation of Congregational and Methodist participation and support. This, for instance provided for pastors to come alternately from each denomination to serve the church. Financial support of the denominations is also given on an equal basis. Rev. Albertson and Rev. Baird became co-pastors for the first year, at the end of which Baird retired from the active ministry and Albertson continued as pastor. To this day, the United Church of Ferndale is a unique example of denominational cooperation that has ultimately strengthened the church with its differences, drawing deeply from the gifts offered by each. Open and Affirming We begin each worship service with the validation “No matter who I am, no matter where I am on life’s journey, I am welcome here.” Yeah, we know. You’ve heard that before. That’s why, in 2014, we decided to go through the process of becoming an official Open and Affirming (on our UCC side) and Reconciling (on our UMC side) congregation. Our statement, which was approved in a unanimous vote, is as follows: “The United Church of Ferndale was formed by joining two Protestant denominations, which required a willingness to honor differing backgrounds and faith journeys. Following the wisdom of our predecessors, we are a congregation of diverse ages, racial and ethnic backgrounds, political affiliations, economic and social conditions, Biblical interpretations, mental and physical abilities, gender identities and expressions, sexual orientations and family structures. We embrace the greatest commandments to love God with all our heart, soul, mind and strength and to love our neighbors as ourselves. Striving to follow the teaching and example of Jesus, we cherish and celebrate our diversity as we seek to draw the circle of inclusion wide and offer unconditional love and respect to all who come among us. Accordingly, we welcome individuals and families of every configuration into the full life and ministry of this church believing that no matter who you are, no matter where you are on life’s journey, you are welcome here. Rooted and grounded in God’s love, we declare ourselves an open, affirming and reconciling congregation that seeks to live in accordance with Christ’s principles of love and grace, planting peace and justice in the world.”	<urn:uuid:6f41684c-6ee5-4e30-bc09-d22ef1bb85a7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://ucf1.org/creating-sacred-space/vision-and-values/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.9702	791	1.882813	2
Founded in 1768, Charlotte turned a metropolis whilst King George III managed the European colonies. Queen Charlotte was the King’s spouse. At any time because Charlotte has been dubbed the “Queen Metropolis.” If you are seeking for a booming financial system, a decrease charge of residing, and amenities that rival greater towns, take into consideration getting a peek at Charlotte, NC. The Queen Metropolis is the most significant metropolis in North Carolina and it ranks as just one of the best true estate markets in the place. 7 Explanations to Acquire in Charlotte, NC 1. Charlotte’s Inhabitants Expansion Charlotte is predicted to develop by a whopping 50 p.c in the following 30 many years. The inhabitants has elevated by over 5 p.c per year due to the fact the early 1990s till 2019 when it slowed down a bit. The town is attracting above 100 new people every working day. Who’s shifting into the Queen City? As the inhabitants growth proceeds, the area is getting much more ethnically diverse. The major groups represented in the emigrant populace incorporate multiracial and Asian. Besides ethnic range, Charlotte is attracting more youthful, extra educated, and wealthier citizens to the metropolis. The greatest the greater part of the newcomers to the Queen Metropolis get there from New York Town. 2. Charge of Dwelling in Charlotte Do you ever feel that there is a lot more times in month than dollars in your account? You are not by itself. 1 of the most important explanations people occur to Charlotte is to get more bang for their buck. The median price of a one-spouse and children household bought in Charlotte is $355,000. Just so you can realize what you get for this price tag, the house is amongst 1500-2000 sq ft for this selling price and is usually 3 bedrooms and 1-2 loos. Other than owning much more space inside of the household, numerous of these homes have exterior room as nicely. Given that a lot of of the neighborhoods in Charlotte were designed in the previous 30 a long time, .25-acre loads are pretty commonplace. Great for the four-legged good friends and the young children. 3. Booming Overall economy In the to start with quarter of 2022, the Charlotte Area announced the most significant selection of new work. Moreover bringing new employment, businesses are also investing in excess of $2 billion into the Charlotte economic system. Right here are some figures about the Charlotte overall economy: - The leading industries in Charlotte contain banking, fiscal solutions, producing, power automotive, well being technological innovation, and retail. - Firms headquartered in Charlotte consist of: - Bank of The united states - Duke Electricity - Atrium Well being - Novant Well being - Lending Tree No matter if you are wanting to consume sweet tea by the lake or appreciate a microbrew in the bustling Noda or South Conclusion, Charlotte has sites for everyone. Here are the top rated 7 areas to stay in Charlotte: - South Park - Myers Park Dilworth is one of the oldest neighborhoods relationship back again to the late 1800s. This space is located close to uptown and is walkable to nearby dining establishments, parks, and local-owned shops. With historic bungalows and all the close by amenities, it’s a incredibly hot authentic estate sector. Typical home selling prices in Dilworth are more than $510,000, 33% increased than the Charlotte average. Deemed by numerous as a town of its own, Ballantyne is an upscale, family members-helpful group. With loads of corporate enterprise parks, leisure amenities, and leisure actions lots of people stay, work and enjoy in this article. The neighborhood has its individual nation club and PGA-rated golfing class to lure persons to the space. The median house value in Ballantyne is about $374,000. Although many towns may refer to this district as downtown, Uptown is the place commonly populated by the up and coming youthful experts. Nestled in the coronary heart of the town, Uptown has lots of bars, dining establishments, enterprises, and four wards. The area’s housing includes large-rise condos, apartment properties, and renovated Victorian houses dispersed throughout the 4 wards. Boasting a blend of higher-conclusion and very affordable choices, the typical dwelling selling price in Uptown is $317,600. With a person of the cheapest criminal offense premiums in Charlotte, South Park is probably the most secure community. In the coronary heart of this area is South Park Shopping mall, the greatest shopping mall in North Carolina. Catering to the affluent, this mall residences outlets such as Nordstrom, Louis Vuitton, and Neiman Marcus. If you want urban fulfills the suburbia in a relatives-pleasant, upscale neighborhood, South Park is the area to be. To acquire a house with a more substantial good deal and a mall close by, the median priced dwelling in South Park is $519,000. Touted as the finest neighborhood for younger solitary older people and a homosexual-helpful local community, NoDa (North Davidson) is the hipster mecca of Charlotte. Regarded the artsy hub of Charlotte, the community adorns murals, tunes venues, and art galleries. The streets dwelling lots of smaller enterprises which include microbreweries and the region is committed to environmentally-pleasant residing. As a walkable neighborhood, it also has uncomplicated accessibility to the city’s light-weight rail line. The median cost house in this artist’s haven is $278,000. Situated just east of the centre metropolis, Plaza Midwood is the residence of Central Piedmont Group Faculty, many funky consignment shops, neighborhood restaurants, microbreweries, and historic houses. It is a walkable community full of regionally-sourced boutiques, espresso retailers, and green area for the kids. In truth, Veterans Memorial Park has 19 acres of eco-friendly house which is residence to tennis courts, playgrounds (together with a splash pad), trails, and more. This neighborhood is great for operating gurus and people alike. The median residence cost in this walkable community is $278,000. Want to are living in historic Charlotte? Myers Park, recognized in 1911, was designed as a planned grasp community. A mix of Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival houses and experienced-tree-lined streets, this community is a person of the most beautiful, most sought-soon after places in Charlotte. Catering to recognized pros and families the community contains Flexibility Park. This 98-acre eco-friendly room includes playgrounds, strolling trails, tennis courts, an amphitheater, and the Charlotte Character Museum. Despite the fact that Myers Park is just about completely residential, there are a couple clothing boutiques and upscale restaurants sprinkled in. As the most affluent community in Charlotte, the median residence selling price is $488,600. 5. Charlotte’s Place – Beaches and Mountains Not only does Charlotte have 4 seasons and a rather temperate climate, it is also an straightforward day’s travel to the two the seaside and the mountains. If you want to drive an hour or so to hike in the mountains you can head to Crowders Mountain (1750 ft). This working day vacation is 25 miles from the metropolis middle. Just three to four several hours up the street is the Smoky Mountains, a range situated in the Appalachian Mountains. In this article are 5 need to-go to locations in the North Carolina mountains: Asheville – stop by Biltmore Estate and enjoy the several retailers and dining establishments Bryson City – listed here you can experience the Terrific Smoky Mountains Railroad as a result of the forest Linville – here you can check out the Linville Gorge, Linville Caverns and Pisgah National Forest Brevard – dwelling of some of the most awesome waterfalls and previous-environment attraction Boone – you will uncover Grandfather Mountain, snow snowboarding, fishing and tubing down the river If you take pleasure in sticking your toes in the sand, the Carolinas does not disappoint. With much more than 40 unique beaches expanding in excess of 500 miles of shoreline there is a lot of sand to take a look at. Although you are on the beach front you might see sea turtles, alligators, or bald eagles in the location. Here are nine ought to-go to beach locations in the Carolinas: - Myrtle Beach - Isle of the Palms - Hilton Head Island - Pawleys Island - Kiawah Island - Wrightsville Seaside - Topsail Seashore - Outer Banking companies - Emerald Isle 6. Sports activities and Theatre Charlotte has loads of items to do and see. It is also the dwelling to quite a few sporting activities groups and theatre groups. Charlotte sports include things like: - Charlotte Panthers – NFL - Charlotte Hornets – NBA - Charlotte Knights – minimal league baseball - Charlotte Checkers – minimal-league hockey - Charlotte FC – MLS - Nascar headquarters and property to Lowes Motor Speedway Charlotte’s theatre scene is flourishing. The town has 10 theatre companies and seven theatres where demonstrates from Broadway to group theatre are executed. 7. Pleasurable for Foods Fanatics Considering the fact that Charlotte is these types of a melting pot of emigrants, the meals scene has designed into a extensive range of meals from throughout the country and the planet. As the populace of Charlotte newcomers gets young, increased-educated pros they need far more diverse food selections. Relocating absent from its banking roots, Charlotte is attracting people to consume, drink and be merry. In actuality, as numerous towns floundered for the duration of the pandemic, Charlotte maintained as the quickest escalating metropolis in the U.S. Just a several several years outdated, Optimist Corridor in close proximity to the centre metropolis delivers house for 30 distributors, mainly bars and eating places. Competing with key foods hubs like Atlanta, Asheville, and Charleston is not uncomplicated, but Charlotte has attracted prime chefs from lots of important metropolitans. Here are 7 Charlotte dining places to try: - Fudo Buta - Pinky’s Westside Grill - Midwood Smokehouse - 5Church Charlotte If you are completed shoveling snow and you want to expend your times basking in the sun, Charlotte is a fantastic area to shift. If you make your mind up that Charlotte is for you, speak to a authentic estate agent to aid you find the great home. Y’all arrive down to pay a visit to. You just might decide to continue to be.	<urn:uuid:7edd82c1-8eb6-4616-a960-5ba095c8e2e5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://japs-table.com/7-reasons-to-buy-a-house-in-charlotte-nc.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.93717	2,347	1.882813	2
[TODAY]South can mend nuclear crisisWhat has made North Korean leader Kim Jong-il say, “We will go to the negotiating table, if there are mature conditions”? It was steady but firm pressure from China that it will not allow North Korea to have nuclear weapons. How does China exercise pressure on North Korea? It is by sending a clear message to Pyeongyang that North Korea’s possession of nuclear weapons threatens the security of China. A special envoy of China, Wang Jiarui, relayed a message to Kim Jong-il from Chinese President Hu Jintao in which Mr. Hu requested Mr. Kim to return to the six-party talks. Mr. Wang, taking the occasion of conveying Mr. Hu’s message, made clear to Mr. Kim that denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula coincides with the security interests of China. A sister paper of the People’s Daily, an organ of the Chinese Communist Party, commented that Mr. Wang’s remark implied a meaningful change in the Chinese position. Up until now, it has been emphasized that denuclearization of the peninsula is essential to the security of Northeast Asia. Now, it has changed to be essential to China’s security interest, meaning that the peninsula’s denuclearization is the direct concern of China. The Chinese pressure worked because there was an incident that helped China to draw Kim Jong-il’s retreat easily. Last year, an academic journal, “Strategy and Management,” carried an article which criticized North Korea for betraying China despite all the favors China provided to the country, for evading the hunger and sufferings of the North Korean people and for making China’s foreign relations difficult. At the protest of North Korea, the Chinese government banned sales of the magazine. After that the paper was closed down. The situation has changed. Upon hearing the declaration that North Korea has nuclear weapons and suspended the six-party talks indefinitely, criticism from Chinese Internet users flooded cyber space. But the Chinese government this time pretended to be indifferent to the criticism against North Korea overflowing on the Internet. It was a clear expression of Chinese rejection of North Korea’s ruthless brinkmanship tactics. If China didn’t persuade North Korea’s participation in the talks, the six-party talks might have not been held from the beginning. Now that China has rolled up its sleeves and has come forward to save the six-party talks and told North Korea that Chinese security will be threatened directly if the North possesses nuclear weapons, how could the North resist Chinese pressure for a long time? What matters here are the conditions for North Korea’s return to the six-party talks. Pyeongyang makes an excuse that the hostile U.S. policy toward the North is the reason for its development of nuclear weapons. The hostile policy of the United States that the North criticizes may be the talk of “regime change” in Pyeongyang that is continuously mentioned by the Bush administration and economic sanctions that come with the stigma of being a terrorism sponsoring country. North Korea recognizes the talk of regime change as a policy to destroy it directly and economic sanctions that come with a stigma of a terrorism sponsoring country as an indirect means to kill it. Moreover, ending tyranny and spreading freedom ― the firmly established philosophies of the second-term Bush administration in dealing with foreign affairs ― must have exacerbated the North’s anxiety over the safety of its regime. That is why North Korea has decided to declare that it already has nuclear weapons. However, the six-party talks are still alive. The talks will not have to be disbanded. At the third round of talks in June last year, both North Korea and the United States showed more flexibility and narrowed their differences. The Unites States has changed its position in a big way, from North Korea’s dismantlement of nuclear programs first and compensation later to giving compensations simultaneously with a nuclear freeze by North Korea. And Washington has been refraining from using the expression “complete, verifiable and irrevocable dismantlement” that the North has rejected. North Korea has also expanded the scope of dismantlement from “nuclear weapons program” to “nuclear weapons related programs,” under which even nuclear facilities for peaceful purposes, including the 5 megawatt reactor in Yongbyun, will be put on the negotiating table. Still, there is a long way to go. There are big differences of opinion on the North’s highly enriched uranium development program. One of the clues to solving the stalemate is in North Korea’s hand, and another is held by the United States. North Korea must stop playing a nuclear game, that no other country supports and that deepens the North’s isolation, and come to the negotiating table. The United States must present evidence that the North has a uranium development program, if there is any. If not, it must start negotiations on a plutonium development program immediately. The U.S. insistence that it should be excluded from the list of suppliers of heavy oil, given to North Korea in compensation for a nuclear freeze, makes the North feel uneasy. Even on a symbolic scale, the United States must participate in it. South Korea should be able to maintain a minimum channel of dialogue with North Korea. For that, it is necessary for the U.S. government to leave South Korea to decide the scope and speed of its assistance to North Korea. Focusing on these points, the South Korean government must persuade both North Korea and the United States. * The writer is a senior columnist of the JoongAng Ilbo. by Kim Young-hie	<urn:uuid:0d3a6ab8-a7de-4d49-be7a-c08702192421>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2005/02/27/columns/91TODAY93South-can-mend-nuclear-crisis/2534537.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.955072	1,171	2.375	2
Knight Frank reports that although new builds are expected to trend up slightly in 2012, the overall outlook for construction companies and developers will remain dismal throughout the year in the United Kingdom (UK). The Eurozone crisis and tough lending restrictions are hampering growth, and critics say the government’s New Homes Bonus program is having little effect. New levies are also squeezing margins, and proposed environmental legislation promises to make it even more costly for builders who are already feeling the pinch from the drawdown in demand. For more on this continue reading the following article from Property Wire. House builders and developers in the UK expect a small rise in construction this year, but the continued lack of mortgage finance and economic travails in the UK and the Eurozone remain key risks for the sector, according to Knight Frank’s second annual survey of the house building sector. More than 100 respondents from the industry took part in our survey which shows that nearly a third of house builders expect bank funding to fall further this year, while more than four fifths say that the New Homes Bonus introduced by the government to try and boost planning approvals is making little or no difference. On the development side, there was a noticeable rise in demand for larger family homes with four or more bedrooms. This reflects the ‘new reality’ of the housing market, with most demand coming from those who have already built up a sizeable equity stake in their home and are thereby less reliant on mortgage funding. House builders are quite upbeat about the effects of the NewBuy scheme, with two thirds saying that the scheme would result in a slight rise in development volumes, and 70% saying that it should result in a modest rise in sales. However, the number of respondents who felt that the scheme would have a ‘significant’ positive effect was modest, with only 3% saying it would result in a large rise in the volume of sales. Some house builders have also expressed dismay in recent weeks at the high interest rates on such mortgage loans. The survey also shows that lack of mortgage finance remains the biggest risk to the performance of the house building sector over the next 12 months. Mortgage approvals for house purchases are still down by around 50% since the peak of the market in 2007. The New Homes Bonus was introduced last year in a bid to encourage local councils to approve plans for new homes. In return they receive a payment matching council tax income for each home built or brought back into use, with an additional bonus for affordable housing. But the survey shows that in the second year of the bonus allocation, there has been a notable rise in the number of respondents who think that the scheme will have no impact at all on development volumes. Some 80% of those surveyed said that the bonus would have little effect. The publication of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in late March provided some certainty over the government’s intention to streamline the planning process in England with its main change being a presumption in favour of sustainable development. The policies within the NPPF still need to be thrashed out in a local context and as a result the development framework has been less than certain for some time with the exception of London, where the Mayor’s office has retained an overarching handle on development targets. ‘Add to this the wave of appeals on Sector 106 requirements in the wake of the financial crisis to take into account the change in development finances and land values, and the result has been a quagmire of expensive and time consuming planning negotiations. The new NPPF will take time to bed down and promises little change to the current situation in the near future,’ says the report. This is strongly reflected in the survey, with nearly half of respondents saying they thought that the government’s move towards ‘localism’ would actually slow down the process of securing planning permission. Some 54% said that the plan could result in a fall in development volumes from where they would otherwise have been. There was also disquiet among respondents about the Community Infrastructure Levy, CIL, which is currently being rolled out across the country. Respondents said the new charge was already ‘squeezing margins’. There are growing concerns that this levy could also lead to a decline in the supply of residential development land across the UK. Increasingly onerous environmental legislation is also troubling house builders. One house builder recently said that the plan to make new homes ‘zero carbon’ from 2016 could add £30,000 to the cost of building each new home. The responses from the sector indicate that the government needs to do more to meet its housing target of around 200,000 new units a year. Just 100,000 units were completed last year. This article was republished with permission from Property Wire.	<urn:uuid:92ed75db-6958-44b4-ba16-80bfdca24992>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.nuwireinvestor.com/new-builds-bottom-out-in-uk/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.967261	981	1.507813	2
The City of Boulder recently took public comments on the issue of regulating plastic shopping bags and potentially paper ones too. The comments came in overwhelmingly in favor of taking some action to regulate this ubiquitous accessory of consumerism. The potential regulations include a fee imposed on paper and/or plastic bags, or an outright ban. There are numerous environmental reasons for reducing or eliminating our reliance on these bags, which are typically used only once then discarded. They take centuries or longer to biodegrade and they are one of the most common sources of litter just to name a couple. “According to a Boulder County Waste Composition Study, 781 tons of plastic retail bags ended up in the county’s waste stream in 2010. That represents roughly 120 million plastic bags thrown away countywide.” Source The Boulder City Council meets May 15th and is scheduled to discuss plastic bag regulations. What are your thoughts?	<urn:uuid:1e83c467-c973-4cbf-be77-0d1a75c2ae55>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.cleanconscience.com/blog/2012/05/plastic-bags-in-boulder-ban-them-add-fees-or-leave-them-alone/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.956459	184	2.25	2
Trusting The Gap Between The Worlds Bardo is a Tibetan word for an in between state. It is a mysterious place that creates potential and opportunity to move to a higher level of consciousness because when we experience The Bardo we are open to receive information that was not easily reconciled in our prior state. We are in the Unknown because we are not in control but rather we are in a limbo state, experiencing death of the old so that the new can come to fruition. The events of 2020 have brought us to this transitional state as we release the toxic past of pollution and aggression. We are approaching an experience of allowing flow toward a higher planetary consciousness as we generate resilience and the ability to assist the New World that has been prophesied for centuries to become a Reality. This change can be shocking and it can create fear in the masses. It requires letting go and moving with the current down the middle of the River of Life. If we avoid the natural flow of what's happening, of what IS and try to cling to the sides of this river we will suffer from the sharp edges of the rocks that represent control and an inability to release that which is no longer serving us. The Bardo is a place of transformation that interrupts the continuity that is otherwise projected onto our lives, continuity that creates comfort in feeling secure. The Bardo is a place and time of transformation; it opens the opportunity for needed change and it can be uncomfortable for those who do not want change and for those who are afraid of it. The Bardo could be experienced as a feeling, like the rug is being pulled out from under us or feeling ungrounded and unsafe. It is an interruption in our normal sense of certainty. The Bardo also expresses a time of loss and opens our eyes to that which is no longer available to us; yet we are still not aware of what is coming in its place. It can be daunting to encounter this unknown gap between the worlds that is inbetween death of the old and birth of something new. That is our temporary state on planet Earth right now. We are in between the Worlds. The Bardo suspends us just long enough that we are able to open up to a higher cosmic wisdom that does not have it's source in an earth bound realism. A cosmic wisdom that we can put our faith in and that we can trust with our future. A quote from Kim Krands's "Archetype Guidebook'" “In the Bardo there is potential to forgive the unforgivable, to say the unsaid, to see the unseen, to love the unloved, to let go of all the things that caused us pain.” At this time in history we must do that as individuals, as nations and as humanity so that we can become renewed in our relationship with Nature, other countries and cultures and ourselves. In doing this we are able to release previous understanding that binds us to the past in order to shape shift into our new entry point. This new entry point represents the integration of a Reality that is still non-conceptual and hasn’t taken form yet. We are creators and this is the creation process. The Bardo is the Unknown and we are in it. As we lose our grip on the old reality… at the very same moment we open to discover a new one. Just like a trapeze artist who switches from one swing to another in mid air. If they hang on to the first swing while reaching for the second one, they would certainly fall. You and I have to let go as well, so that we can catch that new swing and find comfort in our courage and trust in the gap in between the worlds. While in this place of the Unknown, we have the freedom to imagine our New World into creation as we flow with the River of Life in positive expectation of a just, equal and compassionate reality awaiting us on the other side of NOW. And so it is! In God's Light Alexis Summerfield, M.A.	<urn:uuid:d598f9b2-89b2-4bac-a6e4-1a7abdf6ce29>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://alexissummerfield.com/lectures/trusting-the-gap-between-the-worlds/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.96319	825	1.671875	2
Our forgotten slavery horror: The shameful, untold history of America and the Cuban slave tradeRoundup tags: slavery, Cuba, slave trade From the streets of Ferguson to the South Carolina statehouse, the legacy of slavery in the United States has taken on a new urgency in contemporary America. Today, 150 years after the end of the Civil War, so many of slavery’s scars are still visible, particularly in the South. We must also remember America’s all-but-forgotten ties to slavery in a deeper south – Cuba. Last December, President Obama announced a new era in U.S.-Cuba relations: “America chooses to cut loose the shackles of the past so as to reach for a better future,” he said, “for the Cuban people, for the American people, for our entire hemisphere, and for the world.” These words also hint at a darker history before the Cuban Revolution; before the construction of Cuban casinos, hotels and nightclubs; before even the Spanish-American War. More than 200 years ago, the horrors of Cuban slavery and the slave trade made America possible. Of the 12.5 million enslaved Africans who were brought to the Americas from 1501 to 1867, approximately 4 percent arrived in North America. Another 7 percent were taken to Cuba to work in what is now recognized as an “agro-industrial graveyard” of sugar and coffee production. Historians use this term for good reason: the life expectancy of enslaved Africans from the time of their arrival in Cuba was often calculated in single digits. These catastrophic mortality rates meant that Cuban slavery depended on the slave trade. Although the U.S. and England banned the slave trade in 1808, fully 85 percent (759,669) of the slaves to be transported to Cuba were brought after the U.S. ban. By this time, Americans had decided that Cuban slavery made good economic sense and were actively intensifying their participation in the regime. After the American Revolution, the young United States was deeply in debt and on the verge of a rapid expansion of the cotton frontier. But the U.S. merchants who ran the nation’s banks and insurance companies could only provide agricultural loans with a reliable source of specie (gold and silver), and sugar and coffee to back their notes and offset trade deficits with the financial centers of Europe. If coffee, sugar and specie unlocked the doors of European and Asian markets for U.S. investors, slave ships were their key. By the early 1800s, Cuban slavery was at the center of this exchange, and American statesmen, including every U.S. president from Thomas Jefferson to John Quincy Adams, worked doggedly to protect it. ... comments powered by Disqus - What Happens When SCOTUS is This Unpopular? - Eve Babitz's Archive Reveals the Person Behind the Persona - Making a Uranium Ghost Town - Choosing History—A Rejoinder to William Baude on The Use of History at SCOTUS - Alexandria, VA Freedom House Museum Reopens, Making Key Site of Slave Trade a Center for Black History - Primary Source: Winning World War 1 By Fighting Waste at the Grocery Counter - The Presidential Records Act Explains How the FBI Knew What to Search For at Mar-a-Lago - Theocracy Now! The Forgotten Influence of L. Brent Bozell on the Right - Janice Longone, Chronicler of American Food Traditions - Revisiting Lady Rochford and Her Alleged Betrayal of Anne Boleyn	<urn:uuid:0afac1bd-be88-4d47-8ed0-515ba5ade519>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/160734	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.948513	745	3.375	3
Objective: Biomedical waste management and recycling is a very important topic today to preserve the environment, especially at the university level where future specialists in the health sciences are trained. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about recycling of dental materials and waste management among Peruvian undergraduate students of dentistry. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 254 Peruvian undergraduate dentistry students from October 2019 to January 2020, at the National University of San Marcos. The associated factors evaluated were age (X1), sex (X2), year of study (X3), and marital status (X4), which were analyzed using a logit model to identify the influence of the intervening variables with a P value < 0.05. Results: None of the variables studied were considered to be a factor affecting the awareness, knowledge, and management of biomedical waste in Peruvian dentistry students, with the following odds ratios (OR) being obtained: age (OR = 0.96; confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-1.08), sex (OR = 1.69; CI: 0.98-2.90), year of study (OR = 1.18; CI: 0.91-1.54), and marital status (OR = 1.84; CI: 0.14-23.68). Conclusions: The results of this study show that Peruvian Public University students have knowledge and are aware of the need for adequate management and/or recycling of biomedical waste dental care products, with none of the possible associated variables studied significantly affecting this relationship. \|Number of pages\|\|7\| \|Journal\|\|Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry\| \|State\|\|Published - 1 May 2020\|	<urn:uuid:a902448e-afbc-4449-a457-ed1e427b0898>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://cris.cientifica.edu.pe/en/publications/knowledge-and-awareness-of-effective-recycling-of-dental-material	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.92495	416	2.515625	3
Alleviate the symptoms of Cancer Acupuncture and Cancer: Acupuncture and Moxibustion are powerful tools that complement conventional cancer therapy. These include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, while undergoing such therapies, acupuncture and moxibustion can result in treatment toleration improving and sometimes prevents side effects. As well as helping to reduce side effects, it also helps support a patient’s emotional well-being. Patients often experience a myriad of emotions throughout the process. After the initial diagnosis, treatment plan and hopefully recovery, It can be the mind that takes a while to recover. The magnitude of the experience can be overwhelming. The initial diagnosis may also result in fear, shock and anxiety. Then anger, frustration and ‘why me’ thoughts may also arise. Furthermore, concern about the future and other family members will no doubt worry you. Acupuncture can safely and effectively alleviate the symptoms of cancer including; - Nausea and vomiting - Hot flushes - Loss of appetite - Loss of taste - Mouth ulcers - Metallic taste - Skin rash - Shortness of breath - Also, Difficulty in swallowing Acupuncture and Cancer – Further information: Furthermore, Cancer is dramatically on the rise. During the ’60s, just 1 in 10 would have cancer. This was an estimate for the developed world. Today this figure is one in three. According to the ONS, breast cancer incidence rate in the UK has risen by 70% within 30 years. Furthermore, weekly Acupuncture alongside Cancer treatment is cumulative. For more information and to also discuss your individual case, please contact me.	<urn:uuid:7ee1f7d8-a0cb-46f5-996f-0a8b36005fa1>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.hbacupuncture.co.uk/acupuncture-and-cancer/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.937004	367	2.171875	2
Compressed and Knotted Rawhide Chewing is an issue many dog owners face. Your first instinct may be to call your local dog trainer to solve your dog’s chewing problem. However, you can get your dog to stop chewing on your shoes by redirecting his attention. Offering an alternate item, such as a chew toy, is a great way to stop your dog from chewing on valuables. There are many chew toys available in the market, but rawhide is one of the most popular ones. Read on to learn the pros and cons of using rawhide as a chew toy for your dog. What is Rawhide? One type of dog chew is compressed rawhide bones. Rawhides are made of bovine (cow) or swine (pig) hides that have been dried and processed into various shapes and sizes. As the name suggests, compressed chews are processed hides that have been tightly compressed into different shapes and often have added flavoring, such as garlic, beef or cheese, for additional appeal. Some compressed rawhides have a knot tied on each end. A well-made rawhide should have some flexibility when twisted and produced in North America to reduce the amounts of added chemicals (such as formaldehyde). Rawhides are frequently washed in formaldehyde or bleached with titanium oxide (which turns them white) so use caution when selecting a dog chew. Veterinarians will warn you against bleached rawhides, as they can be harmful to your dog. RELATED: Kong Dog Toys for Chewing Problems Selecting a Rawhide Rawhides are great for relieving boredom, exercising teeth and gums, and satisfying a dog’s need to chew, as long as they are safe health-wise. When selecting a rawhide, consult your professional dog obedience trainer. Always choose a bone that appears too large for the dog so he can’t chew and swallow it too quickly. Also, make sure your dog can’t fit the rawhide completely into his mouth. When your dog is able to hold the entire chew in his mouth, it’s time to take it away. Some dogs manage to shred rawhide chews. This results in small pieces of rawhide hanging off the chew. If this occurs, simply cut them away with scissors to prevent your dog from ingesting them. Always supervise your dog while he enjoys any type of rawhide. - Dogs love the intense flavor and aroma of most rawhides. - Compressed rawhide is more durable and long-lasting than shredded compressed rawhide. - Any type of chew that is safe and your dog enjoys is a good redirector from chewing other household items so it can be an asset to his animal training. - An aggressive chewer may swallow large pieces or consume an entire rawhide quickly, which could cause an intestinal blockage. They can also potentially pierce the lining of the intestines or other organs, causing major medical problems. - Some dogs, especially aggressive chewers, may suffer from broken teeth or slab fractures of molars from chewing compressed rawhides, so always supervise your dog with any type of chew. If you’re unsure as to whether your dog is chewing too aggressively, consult your dog trainer. - Some added flavorings (visible or not) may stain carpets, fabrics and some porous floorings, which in turn can stimulate chewing on these items, making them an unfavorable dog training tool. - Chemical preservatives found in various types of inferior rawhide may be dangerous to your dog. Again, if you’re unsure of the safety of a rawhide bone for your dog or the chewing problem persists, consult your dog trainer or veterinarian. READ MORE: Cleaning Your Dog’s Teeth	<urn:uuid:9e08d2d8-57ce-46d8-a90d-24c409b81627>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.animalbehaviorcollege.com/blog/pet-training/rawhide-as-dog-chews/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.947724	792	1.929688	2
I recently got my hands on the GPS tracker data for the American Solar Challenge last July. Above (for the 6 Challengers completing the stage) and below (for the Cruisers) are distance/speed charts for the run from Craters of the Moon to Burns, which seems the stage of the route with the best data (at this time of year I haven’t the time for a more detailed analysis). Click on the charts to zoom. Small coloured circles show end-of-day stops. Stage times were 15:Western Sydney 8:05:16, 101:ETS Quebec 8:20:13, 2:Michigan 8:25:08, 55:Poly Montréal 8:42:52, 4:MIT 9:07:58, and 6:CalSol 9:30:12 for Challengers, and 828:App State 10:22:37, 559:Bologna 12:13:57, and 24:Waterloo 15:29:12 for Cruisers (note that Bologna was running fully loaded on solar power only, while the other Cruisers recharged from the grid). The data has been processed by IOSiX. I’m not sure what that involved, but I’ve taken the data as gospel, eliminating any datapoints out of hours, off the route, or with PDOP more than 10. Notice that there are a few tracker “black spots,” and that trackers in some cars work better than in others. The small elevation charts are taken from the GPS tracker data, so they will not be reliable in the “black spots” (in particular, the big hill before Burns has been truncated – compare my timing chart).	<urn:uuid:0ef60f2b-e36f-4d3c-a671-379479fb1cb1>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://scientificgems.wordpress.com/2018/12/16/american-solar-challenge-2018-the-run-to-burns/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.933749	360	1.546875	2
Forgotten Realms: Birthright By spending a weapon proficiency slot on a weapon he is proficient with, a fighter character can become a specialist. A single class fighter can specialize in as many weapons as he chooses. Multi-class fighters can only specialize in one weapon (and cannot become masters or higher). The exact benefits of weapon specialization vary with the particular weapon involved. Generally, the types of benefits fall into one of four categories: melee weapons, missile weapons, bows, and crossbows. Specializing in a melee weapon grants a character a +1 bonus to attack rolls and a +2 bonus to damage rolls with that weapon and an extra attack once per two rounds. This category includes slings and thrown weapons. Specialists gain an increased rate of fire and a +1 bonus to attack rolls. If a character specializes in a weapon that can be used either for melee or as a missile weapon (spears, daggers, hand axes, etc.), he gains the melee benefit when using the weapon for hand-to-hand combat and the increased rate of fire for using the weapon for ranged attacks. Refer to the table below for the exact number of attacks available to the specialist for the various types of missile weapons. Characters who specialize in the bow gain a +1 bonus to hit at any range (normal range penalties still apply, of course), an increased rate of fire, and a new range category: point-blank. Point-blank is any shot between 6 and 30 feet. At point-blank range, the character gains a +2 to hit. In addition, if a bow specialist has an arrow nocked and drawn, and has his target in sight, he can fire at the beginning of the round before any initiative rolls are made. Specialists with crossbows gain a +1 bonus to hit at any range, an increased rate of fire, and a point-blank range category, just like archers. For crossbows, point-blank range extends from 6 to 60 feet. Crossbow specialists have a +2 bonus to damage rolls against any target at point-blank range. In addition, they share the archer’s quick-shot benefit when covering an enemy with a bolt loaded and cocked.	<urn:uuid:c963f487-b516-4e99-a4a9-96b820bf6a05>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://birthright-6.obsidianportal.com/wiki_pages/specialization	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.929731	471	1.6875	2
Update, April 2019 This bill did not get passed in the House in 2018. So, we filed it again in January 2019 and the Senate passed it again on Thursday, April 25, 2019. The bill now moves to the House. I am hopeful that with the additional support that seems to building for the bill it will get all the way through the process this time. It is very promising that Leader Mike Moran and Chairman Bill Strauss have filed a similar bill. This post, originally published last June (2018) when the Senate first passed the legislation, explains the legislation, which did not change much from 2018 to 2019. BOSTON — The Massachusetts State Senate voted Thursday to pass legislation that aims to create safer streets for all road users. Developed in collaboration with a coalition of bicycle, pedestrian and transportation advocates, S.2570, An Act to reduce traffic fatalities, includes several measures to improve road safety, lessen the severity of crashes, and standardize the collection and analysis of crash data. The bill classifies several groups, including pedestrians, utility workers, first responders and cyclists, as “vulnerable road users,” and requires motor vehicles to apply a “safe passing distance” of at least three feet when traveling 30 miles per hour or less with an additional foot of clearance required for every 10 miles per hour over 30 miles per hour. Current law only requires motor vehicle operators to pass at “a safe distance and at a reasonable and proper speed.” The bill would further require a vehicle that is overtaking a vulnerable road user to use all or part of the adjacent lane, crossing the center line if necessary, when it cannot pass at a safe distance in the same lane and only when it is safe to do so. “We need to keep working year after year to achieve a future in which traffic fatalities get as close as possible to zero,” said Senator William N. Brownsberger (D-Belmont), lead sponsor of the bill in the Senate. “This bill will help us move in the right direction.” “This legislation updates basic protections for pedestrians, cyclists and others who may be on the road, and is a common-sense policy to ensure safer roadways for pedestrians and drivers alike” said Senate President Harriette L. Chandler (D-Worcester). “I am very happy the Senate has passed this legislation.” “This bill takes an important step in encouraging the use of multimodal transportation to relieve the congestion and reduce our state’s carbon footprint,” said Senator Joseph A. Boncore (D-Winthrop), who serves as the Senate Chair of the Joint Committee on Transportation, which advanced the legislative measure forward with a favorable recommendation earlier this year. “Ensuring that pedestrians and cyclists have more protections on shared roads is vital to that end.” The bill would require certain large vehicles newly purchased, leased or operated pursuant to a contract with the Commonwealth to be equipped with lateral protective devices to eliminate a vehicle’s high ground clearance and the extraordinary risk posed to vulnerable road users, who are susceptible to slipping underneath large vehicles during accidents. Such large vehicles would also be required to utilize convex and cross-over mirrors to increase a driver’s ability to see around their vehicle. These provisions would apply to vehicles purchased or leased by the Commonwealth after January 1, 2019 and to vehicles operating pursuant to leases entered into January 1, 2020. “MassBike congratulates the Senate on the passage of An Act to reduce traffic fatalities,” said Galen Mook, Executive Director of the Massachusetts Bicycle Coalition. “We have seen too many unnecessary and completely preventable fatalities on our roads, and MassBike believes this legislation provides distinct safety elements for cyclists across the Commonwealth, including defining that vehicles must pass cyclists at ‘a safe distance’ of at least three feet, and requiring sideguards on large vehicles to protect vulnerable road users from the dreaded ‘right hook.’ MassBike is grateful for the collaborative work of Senator Brownsberger and all of the advocacy organizations, and we thank everyone for the continued persistence to protect all cyclists and pedestrians across the state. Though we have not yet finished our work, this bill goes a long way toward the goal of zero deaths on our streets.” The Executive Office of Public Safety and Security would be required to develop a standardized analysis tool to report crashes and incidents involving a vulnerable road user and maintain a publicly accessible database of such reports to help inform further efforts to reduce traffic fatalities. “WalkBoston is thrilled that the Senate has passed An act to reduce traffic fatalities, which includes elements to immediately improve the safety of pedestrians, bicyclists and all vulnerable road users across the Commonwealth,” said Wendy Landman, Executive Director of WalkBoston. “The data collection and analysis requirement will help communities focus their road safety efforts on the places that need it the most.” The bill would establish a 25 mile per hour speed limit on an unposted area of state highway or parkway inside a thickly settled or business district within a city or town that has accepted the 25 mile per hour local option, as lower vehicle speeds reduce the severity of crashes. While current law requires persons riding bicycles at night to use a front white light, this bill would also require use of both a red rear light and a red rear reflector when riding at night to improve the visibility of bicyclists. The bill now moves to the House of Representatives for further consideration.	<urn:uuid:c47c8a42-a09a-44fb-8e3f-eb88d046fa47>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://willbrownsberger.com/senate-passes-bill-to-improve-traffic-safety-protect-vulnerable-road-users/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.952947	1,138	1.765625	2
Egg products refer to processed or ready-to-use products made after shell eggs are broken and processed. Egg products for purchase include whole eggs, egg whites and egg yolks in frozen, refrigerated liquid and dried forms. They may also be included in products like cake and cookie mixes. Specialty egg products can be pre-peeled hard-boiled eggs, egg salad; and pre-cooked omelets, egg patties, quiches, scrambled eggs or fried eggs. When purchasing egg products, check for containers that are tightly sealed and unopened. Although many egg products have been pasteurized, it is important to follow all cooking instructions to ensure maximum safety.	<urn:uuid:c3180c99-5e08-4aae-988f-a49f6b44ffa9>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://eggsafety.org/safe-handling-store/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz	en	0.968694	145	1.664063	2
A report of a current event, knowledge, information While the cost of bitcoin is holding over the $21K per unit range, four bitcoin block rewards mined in 2010 were invested for the main energy in north of 11 years. The four block rewards were mined among September and October 2010 and the 200 bitcoin worth $4.27 million were moved to an obscure wallet. 4 Consecutive Block Rewards Spent on June 24, Data Suggests Spends Were Executed by a Single Entity An enormous number of supposed 'resting bitcoins' have awoken from sleep as four block rewards were spent at block level 742,183. The old coins spent on Friday were block rewards mined on September 15, 16, 26, and October 29, 2010. During that time span, bitcoin excavators got 50 BTC for each block tracked down rather than the 6.25 BTC per block reward diggers get today. The block rewards moved came from four tends to that incorporate "18cxWU," "1BJmWW," "1FVVcE," and "1Hdo8D." The 2010 spends were gotten by the blockchain parser btcparser.com and in each of the four locations, the proprietor didn't spend the related bitcoin cash (BCH) and bitcoinsv (BSV) as those coins actually stay inactive. Blockchain voyagers show the 200 virgin bitcoins were shipped off a solitary location (bc1q92) and the coins stay inactive at the hour of composing. A successive number of 2010 block rewards spent in a similar block recommends a solitary element was possible the proprietor of the block rewards. The bitcoins mined in 2010 north of a two-month length (September and October) likewise recommend the spending was executed by a solitary substance. Moves Had Low Privacy Ratings, 'Dozing Bitcoin' String Spends From 2010 Have Slowed It appears to be like the addresses were cleared, and the exchanges have an extremely low protection rating in light of multiple factors. Blockchair.com's protection o-meter demonstrates that the last combination into bc1q92 had a security score of 0 out of 100. The exchanges contained weaknesses like matched addresses, co-spending, and a similar location is utilized in various data sources. There haven't been many strings of 2010 block reward spends since the 2010 super whale seemed months prior back in March. The 2010 uber whale typically spent strings of 20 block compensations from that year at the same time. Before the line of four block sponsorships from 2010 spent, seven days prior the location "1Li8RF" burned through 50 virgin bitcoins, and "1LNqDK" burned through 50 BTC from 2010 about a month prior.	<urn:uuid:948b39b7-0d06-41bb-b1d7-744dc599420e>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.wbtcprice.io/news/a-string-of-200-sleeping-bitcoins-from-2010-worth-4.27-doller--million-moved-on-friday	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz	en	0.969512	555	1.789063	2
- Open Access Susceptibility of the human retrovirus XMRV to antiretroviral inhibitors Retrovirology volume 7, Article number: 70 (2010) XMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) is the first known example of an exogenous gammaretrovirus that can infect humans. A limited number of reports suggest that XMRV is intrinsically resistant to many of the antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV-1 infection, but is sensitive to a small subset of these inhibitors. In the present study, we used a novel marker transfer assay to directly compare the antiviral drug sensitivities of XMRV and HIV-1 under identical conditions in the same host cell type. We extend the findings of previous studies by showing that, in addition to AZT and tenofovir, XMRV and HIV-1 are equally sensitive to AZddA (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine), AZddG (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine) and adefovir. These results indicate that specific 3'-azido or acyclic nucleoside analog inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) also block XMRV infection with comparable efficacy in vitro. Our data confirm that XMRV is highly resistant to the non-nucleoside RT inhibitors nevirapine and efavirenz and to inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. In addition, we show that the integrase inhibitors raltegravir and elvitegravir are active against XMRV, with EC50 values in the nanomolar range. Our analysis demonstrates that XMRV exhibits a distinct pattern of nucleoside analog susceptibility that correlates with the structure of the pseudosugar moiety and that XMRV is sensitive to a broader range of antiretroviral drugs than has previously been reported. We suggest that the divergent drug sensitivity profiles of XMRV and HIV-1 are partially explained by specific amino acid differences in their respective protease, RT and integrase sequences. Our data provide a basis for choosing specific antiretroviral drugs for clinical studies in XMRV-infected patients. The genus gammaretroviridae includes several well-characterized exogenous retroviruses that cause leukemia, lymphoma and other diseases in their natural hosts . Although gammaretroviruses have been isolated from several vertebrate species, until recently, the only evidence that these agents could infect humans was the strong sequence similarity between certain human endogenous retroviruses and gammaretroviruses from other mammalian species . In 2006, Urisman and colleagues reported the discovery of novel gammaretroviral cDNA sequences in tumor samples from patients with prostate cancer . Full-length viral clones derived from the patient tissues were shown to be genetically similar to xenotropic strains of murine leukemia virus (MLV), and thus, the novel retrovirus was named xenotropic MLV-related virus (XMRV). Subsequent studies have provided compelling evidence that XMRV is indeed the first known example of an exogenous human gammaretrovirus. XMRV sequences have been identified in tumor samples from three additional cohorts of prostate cancer patients [4–6], in a prostate carcinoma cell line , and in secretions expressed from cancerous prostate tissues . Virus produced from a full-length XMRV molecular clone can infect primary prostate cells in culture, as well as several immortalized cell lines [7–12], and gammaretrovirus-like particles have been identified in XMRV-infected cultures by electron microscopy [5, 7]. Although XMRV lacks direct transforming activity, foci of transformed cells appear at low frequencies in XMRV-infected fibroblast cultures, suggesting that the virus is capable of promoting carcinogenesis via insertional activation of cellular oncogenes . Importantly, the chromosomal locations of XMRV proviruses have been mapped in tissue samples from 9 different patients with prostate cancer, confirming that XMRV can integrate into the human genome in vivo [11, 14]. Following the discovery of XMRV in prostate tumor tissues, a PCR-based survey identified XMRV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 68 of 101 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients living in the United States, as well as 8 of 218 healthy controls . Remarkably, co-culture experiments revealed the presence of infectious XMRV in activated PBMC and in cell-free plasma samples from PCR-positive CFS patients, suggesting that these individuals harbor significant levels of replication-competent XMRV in the periphery. Although other studies of CFS and prostate cancer patients living outside the United States have failed to detect XMRV [16–20], data showing that the virus can infect human cells in vitro [7–12] and in vivo [11, 14] provide a solid rationale for identifying antiviral inhibitors that block XMRV replication. A growing body of evidence suggests that XMRV is intrinsically resistant to many of the drugs used to treat HIV-1 infection, but is sensitive to a small subset of antiretroviral inhibitors. In an initial analysis of XMRV drug susceptibility, treatment of immortalized prostate cells with 30 nM AZT inhibited XMRV infection by a factor of 25-fold; equivalent concentrations of other antiretroviral drugs had no effect on XMRV infection . A subsequent study in cultured cells found that XMRV and HIV-1 exhibit comparable sensitivities to AZT, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and raltegravir suggesting that these drugs are relatively potent inhibitors of XMRV replication . Finally, Singh et al. reported that AZT, TDF, raltegravir and the integrase inhibitor L-870812 inhibit XMRV infection at nanomolar concentrations in culture . Although drug susceptibility data for HIV-1 were also presented, direct comparisons between XMRV and HIV-1 could not be made due to the differing cell types used to assay these viruses (i.e., immortalized breast and prostate cancer cells for XMRV versus primary blood lymphocytes for HIV-1) . In the present study, we examined the ability of specific reverse transcriptase (RT), protease, and integrase inhibitors to block XMRV infection in culture by directly comparing the antiretroviral drug susceptibilities of XMRV and HIV-1 in the same host cell type. Our use of the same target cells for both viruses was particularly critical for assessing nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI) susceptibility, since the antiviral activity of these drugs varies widely in different host cell environments [23, 24]. We also used conditions that restricted viral replication to a single cycle of infection to ensure that our drug susceptibility measurements were not influenced by differences in the relative replication rates of HIV-1 and XMRV. As in previous reports, we found that XMRV is intrinsically resistant to nevirapine, efavirenz, foscarnet, and all FDA-approved inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. However, our data also show that in addition to AZT and tenofovir, XMRV and HIV-1 are comparably sensitive to other structurally-related NRTIs. These findings reveal a distinct pattern of NRTI sensitivity in XMRV that correlates with the structure of the pseudosugar moiety. We also demonstrate that the integrase inhibitor elvitegravir suppresses XMRV infection with an EC50 similar to that of AZT, whereas raltegravir is the most potent anti-XMRV agent of all the inhibitors tested. These data suggest that the inhibitor-binding surfaces of HIV-1 and XMRV integrase share similar topologies despite numerous differences in their respective amino acid sequences. Collectively, our study reveals important features of the inhibitor specificities of XMRV RT and integrase and expands the number of antiretroviral drugs that are active against XMRV in culture. Comparison of HIV-1 and XMRV drug susceptibilities We used a previously-described marker rescue assay [7, 25] in conjunction with a Tat-inducible, β-gal-expressing HeLa cell line (MAGIC-5A) to quantify the susceptibility of XMRV to antiretroviral inhibitors. Our XMRV stocks were derived from two independently-isolated strains of the virus: XMRVVP62 and XMRV22Rv1. XMRVVP62 was produced from a full-length molecular clone (pVP62) that was previously constructed by joining two overlapping cDNA fragments amplified from prostate tumor tissues [3, 11]. For our experiments, high-titer XMRVVP62 stocks were generated by transfecting pVP62 into LNCaP prostate cancer cells . XMRV22Rv1 was originally discovered in a prostate carcinoma cell line (22Rv1) that had been grown by xenotransplantation in nude mice [7, 27]. 22Rv1 cells contain multiple integrated copies of the XMRV genome and release high titers of infectious XMRV into the culture supernatant . To generate viruses for drug susceptibility testing, HTX human fibrosarcoma cells were transduced with an MLV vector encoding HIV-1 tat (LtatSN) and were subsequently infected with either XMRVVP62 or XMRV22Rv1 (Figure 1). The resultant stocks (XMRV+LtatSN) were mixtures of native XMRV and XMRV-pseudotyped virions [LtatSN(XMRV)] in which LtatSN RNA was packaged together with XMRV Gag, Pol and Env proteins; only the LtatSN(XMRV) fraction was detected in subsequent culture steps. To quantify drug susceptibility, MAGIC-5A cultures were treated with varying concentrations of NRTIs, NNRTIs, or integrase inhibitors, and infected with XMRVVP62+LtatSN or XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN (Figure 1). Entry of XMRV occurs through the interaction of the virus with xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 (XPR1), which is endogenously expressed in HeLa cell lines . XMRV+LtatSN infection of MAGIC-5A cells induced the expression of β-galactosidase (β-gal) via Tat-mediated transactivation of an upstream HIV-1 LTR, thereby enabling us to quantify the dose-dependent reduction of β-gal+ foci in infected indicator cell cultures. For assays of protease inhibitor (PI) susceptibility, XMRV-infected HTX/LtatSN cells were seeded in microtiter plates and immediately treated with PIs. Following a two-day incubation period, samples from the PI-treated HTX cultures were transferred to MAGIC-5A cells for FFU determination. MAGIC-5A cells also express receptors and coreceptors for HIV-1 entry (CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5; Figure 1), and thus, we were able to perform side-by-side comparisons of the drug susceptibilities of XMRV and HIV-1 in the same host cell type. In both cases, viral replication was limited to a single cycle of infection. XMRV is susceptible to a specific subset of NRTIs We initially measured the susceptibility of XMRV to each of seven different NRTIs that are FDA-approved for treating HIV-1 infection. AZT showed the most potent anti-XMRV activity of all the nucleoside analogs tested (Table 1); EC50 values for XMRVVP62+LtatSN, XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN and HIV-1NL4-3 were similar for AZT, indicating that these viruses are comparably susceptible to the analog. These results agree with a previous comparison of the AZT sensitivity of HIV-1 and XMRV using a reporter virus-based assay . We also found that, relative to HIV-1NL4-3, XMRVVP62+LtatSN and XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN were fully sensitive to tenofovir (the active form of TDF), as the observed EC50 values were not significantly different between these three viruses (Table 1). In contrast, XMRV was 13-34-fold resistant to ddI, d4T and abacavir relative to HIV-1NL4-3. Higher levels of resistance were observed for 3TC and FTC, which failed to inhibit XMRV infection at doses that were 100-fold greater than the corresponding EC50s for HIV-1NL4-3. To further characterize the nucleoside analog susceptibility of XMRV, we determined the antiviral activities of additional NRTIs that are active against HIV-1 and other retroviruses, but that are not currently approved for treating HIV-1 infection. AZddA and AZddG contain an azido group at the 3' position of the ribosyl sugar, and thus, are structurally related to AZT. AZddA and AZddG have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication in culture, and the 5'-triphosphate forms of these analogs inhibit the DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT in cell-free assays . EC50 values for the inhibition of XMRV and HIV-1 by AZddA and AZddG were comparable, although the EC50 for XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN with AZddG was fourfold greater than that of HIV-1NL4-3 (Table 1). Importantly, the concentrations of AZddA, AZddG and AZT required to inhibit XMRV infection were at least 100-fold lower than the 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50 values) of these analogs in HeLa-CD4 cell cultures (> 270 μM for all three inhibitors; ). We also measured the anti-XMRV activity of adefovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that is used in prodrug form (adefovir dipivoxil) to treat hepatitis B virus infection. EC50 measurements for the activity of adefovir against XMRVVP62+LtatSN, XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN and HIV-1NL4-3 varied by a factor of twofold or less; these differences were not statistically significant (Table 1). Taken together, these data show that XMRV is sensitive to AZT, AZddA, AZddG, tenofovir and adefovir at doses that are comparable to those required to inhibit HIV-1 replication. At the highest concentrations of the drugs used in our assays (10 μM for AZT, 40 μM for AZddA and AZddG and 100 μM for adefovir and tenofovir), the mean numbers of cells in the fixed and stained cultures were 80-100% of untreated controls, indicating that the EC50 values obtained for these analogs were not influenced by drug-mediated cytotoxicity. XMRV is resistant to NNRTIs and to the pyrophosphate analog foscarnet Nevirapine, efavirenz and other NNRTIs inhibit HIV-1 RT by binding to a small hydrophobic pocket located near the polymerase active site . Although wild-type strains of HIV-1 Group M are sensitive to NNRTIs, HIV type 2 (HIV-2), simian immunodeficiency virus and many Group O isolates of HIV-1 are intrinsically resistant to this drug class. Consistent with the relatively narrow spectrum of NNRTI-mediated antiviral activity, both strains of XMRV were >18-fold and >200-fold resistant to nevirapine and efavirenz, respectively, relative to HIV-1NL4-3 (Table 1). In contrast, the pyrophosphate analog foscarnet (PFA) is active against many DNA viruses and retroviruses including HIV-1 and -2, Rauscher MLV, Moloney MLV, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus . Despite this broad spectrum of antiviral activity, XMRVVP62+LtatSN and XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN were resistant to PFA (Table 1). Concentrations of PFA as high as 400 μM had no effect on XMRV infection; increasing the drug level to 900 μM produced visible cytotoxic effects in MAGIC-5A indicator cell cultures (data not shown). XMRV is intrinsically resistant to PIs but is sensitive to integrase inhibitors To identify antivirals that inhibit XMRV targets other than RT, we assessed the ability of nine different HIV-1 PIs to block the production of newly-formed, infectious XMRVVP62+LtatSN in chronically-infected HTX cultures. In these experiments, we screened each PI for anti-XMRV activity using a single drug concentration that was approximately equal to the EC95 for HIV-1NL4-3, as determined in our concurrent studies of HIV-1 and HIV-2 (range = 0.1-1 μM; see Methods section for details). As seen in our previous assays, these PI doses reduced the infectious titer of HIV-1NL4-3 in pNL4-3-transfected 293T/17 cultures by 94% or greater, relative to untreated controls (Figure 2). In contrast, each of the nine PI treatments had no detectable effect on the infectious titer of XMRVVP62+LtatSN, indicating that XMRVVP62 is intrinsically resistant to this inhibitor class. These results are consistent with a recent report showing that XMRV is relatively insensitive to PIs (EC50 values ≥34 μM) in cultures of immortalized human breast cancer cells . We also examined the susceptibility of XMRV to two different inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer activity: raltegravir and elvitegravir. Of the 24 antiretroviral drugs tested in our analysis, raltegravir was the most potent inhibitor of XMRV infection. XMRV and HIV-1 exhibited comparable sensitivity to raltegravir, as the EC50 values for XMRVVP62+LtatSN and XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN were similar to that of HIV-1NL4-3 (Table 2). Elvitegravir also inhibited XMRV infection in our indicator cell assays, but higher doses of the drug were required to observe this activity. EC50 measurements for XMRVVP62+LtatSN and XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN were 71- and 40-fold greater for elvitegravir relative to raltegravir and 79- and 46-fold higher than the EC50 for elvitegravir-mediated inhibition of HIV-1NL4-3, respectively (Table 2). Although these data show that elvitegravir is less potent than raltegravir against XMRV, we note that elvitegravir inhibited the virus at concentrations in the nanomolar range, and thus, was comparable to AZT with respect to anti-XMRV activity (Tables 1 and 2). For both raltegravir and elvitegravir, no statistically-significant declines in mean target cell number were observed at the highest doses of drugs tested (10 μM; p > 0.05, Student's two-sided t-test). This result agrees with previously-published CC50 values for raltegravir and elvitegravir in PBMC (> 100 μM and 40 μM, respectively; [23, 32]) and excludes cytotoxicity as a potential confounder in our measurements of integrase inhibitor susceptibility. In this study, we used a novel marker transfer assay to directly compare the susceptibility of XMRV and HIV-1 to a panel of antiretroviral drugs in the same host cell type. Our experimental approach and findings differ from previous studies of XMRV in several important ways. With regard to NRTIs, the initial report by Sakuma et al. suggested that XMRV is sensitive to AZT but resistant to 3TC, d4T and tenofovir. Importantly, the single dose of tenofovir used in their experiments (30 nM) was substantially lower than the EC50 observed in our assays (~5 μM; Table 1), leading the authors to conclude that XMRV was resistant to the drug. Our analysis shows that tenofovir is equally potent against XMRV and HIV-1 in culture (Table 1). A subsequent study by Singh et al. used differing cell types to compare XMRV and HIV-1, and as a result, differences in the intrinsic NRTI susceptibilities of the two viruses could not be resolved from host cell-specific differences in NRTI activity. In fact, careful inspection of their data suggests that XMRV is relatively resistant to AZT, tenofovir and TDF (a prodrug of tenofovir), as the EC50 values for these analogs were 15-94-fold higher for XMRV compared to HIV-1. Our data are more congruent with the findings of Paprotka et al. , who showed that XMRV and HIV-1 are comparably sensitive to AZT and TDF in prostate cancer cells. We extend these observations by demonstrating that, in addition to AZT and tenofovir, the NRTIs AZddA, AZddG and adefovir are equally active against XMRV and HIV-1 (Table 1). Taken together, our analysis resolves disparities among earlier reports of XMRV drug susceptibility and illustrates that XMRV is sensitive to a broader range of NRTIs than was previously appreciated. Overall, the patterns of drug susceptibility observed in our analysis of XMRV are similar to those seen in previous studies of Moloney MLV (MoMLV). MoMLV is sensitive to AZT, adefovir and tenofovir, but is relatively resistant to ddI, D4T, 3TC, abacavir and PFA [33–36]. In addition, purified MoMLV protease is highly resistant to PIs , whereas both raltegravir and elvitegravir have been shown to inhibit MoMLV replication in culture [38, 39]. In agreement with our findings for XMRV (Table 2), MoMLV is moderately resistant to elvitegravir, as evidenced by a 7-fold greater EC50 for the drug relative to HIV-1 . These concurrent drug sensitivity patterns are consistent with the high degree of amino acid sequence similarity shared between XMRV and MoMLV, which are 99% identical in the protease and RT polymerase domain and 90% identical in the integrase catalytic core domain (CCD). To gain further insights into the molecular basis of antiretroviral drug resistance in XMRV, we constructed amino acid alignments of the inferred XMRVVP62 and HIV-1NL4-3 sequences for the entire protease enzyme, the portion of RT spanning the conserved polymerase motifs, and the integrase CCD (Figure 3). Within these three regions, XMRV and HIV-1 share 27-31% amino acid identity and 18-21% amino acid similarity. Importantly, the XMRV and HIV-1 sequences differ at several sites that are critical for antiretroviral drug resistance. XMRV protease contains three residues (V54, S81, and L92) that correspond to PI resistance-conferring replacements in HIV-1 (I47V, T74 S, and I84L, respectively) (Figure 3A) . XMRV also contains several amino acid residues in the RT polymerase domain that, in HIV-1, result in NNRTI resistance (K101P, K103 H, Y181L, Y188L, and G190A) and dideoxynucleoside analog resistance (T69N, L74V, Y115F) (Figure 3B) [40, 41]. These sites likely contribute to intrinsic drug resistance in XMRV. In addition, XMRV integrase contains a serine at the position corresponding to Q148 in HIV-1 (Figure 3C), which is known to be critical for integrase inhibitor resistance in HIV-1 . This amino acid difference may contribute to moderate elvitegravir resistance in XMRV (Table 2). As observed in previous studies of MoMLV RT [43, 44], XMRV was highly resistant to the L-pseudosugar nucleoside analogs 3TC and FTC (Table 1). Both MoMLV and XMRV RT encode a valine at the second position of the conserved YXDD sequence of polymerase motif C, whereas the corresponding residue in HIV-1 RT is methionine 184 (Figure 3B). Although the M184V replacement confers high-level resistance to 3TC and FTC in HIV-1 , mutants of MoMLV that harbor the reciprocal change in the YXDD sequence (V223M) remain highly resistant to 3TC [43, 44]. It is therefore likely that amino acid sites outside the YXDD sequence of RT contribute to intrinsic 3TC/FTC resistance in XMRV. In HIV-1 RT, specific substitutions at positions 41, 67, 70, 210, 215 and 219 (commonly known as thymidine analog mutations or TAMs) confer AZT resistance by enhancing RT-catalyzed excision of AZT-5'-monophosphate from the nascent DNA strand . Although the sequences of XMRV and HIV-1 differ at five of the six TAM sites in RT (Figure 3B), these residues are unlikely to influence AZT susceptibility in XMRV, as the excision activity of MoMLV RT is orders of magnitude lower than that of the HIV-1 enzyme . Indeed, we observed that XMRV and HIV-1 were comparably sensitive to AZT as well as two other NRTIs containing a 3'-azido modification (AZddA and AZddG; Table 1). Based on previous studies of HIV-1 and MoMLV [29, 48, 49], we expect that XMRV RT can utilize the 5'-triphosphate forms of these analogs as alternative nucleotide substrates, resulting in chain termination of DNA synthesis. Additional biochemical analyses are required to characterize the nucleotide selectivity and excision activity of XMRV RT. Two recently-published reports have shown that the integrase inhibitor raltegravir inhibits XMRV replication in culture at nanomolar concentrations of the drug [22, 23]. Our results confirm these findings and demonstrate that elvitegravir is also active against XMRV, although the concentrations of elvitegravir needed to inhibit XMRV infection were higher than those required for raltegravir (Table 2). A third integrase inhibitor, L-870812, has also been reported to exert moderate antiviral activity against XMRV in culture, with an EC50 32-fold greater than that of raltegravir . Although raltegravir, elvitegravir and L-870812 are structurally divergent, these three inhibitors share a common pharmacophore that binds the active site metal ions essential for integrase strand transfer catalysis . Recent crystallographic studies have identified three amino acid residues that are believed to influence the positioning of strand transfer inhibitors in the integrase active site , and based on our alignment of the CCD, these residues are conserved in the XMRV and HIV-1 integrase sequences (Figure 3C). Taken together, these data suggest that the strand transfer inhibitor-binding sites of XMRV and HIV-1 integrase share a similar overall topology despite numerous amino acid differences in the CCD. We used two independent sources of XMRV for our studies: one derived from the infectious molecular clone VP62 and the other from 22Rv1 prostate carcinoma cells . Our rationale for this choice was that the VP62 clone might encode alterations that influence drug susceptibility, whereas 22Rv1 cells harbor at least 10 proviral copies of XMRV, presumably providing a more diverse sample of the virus. However, a recent analysis of XMRV sequences from 22Rv1 cells revealed that the proviruses are nearly identical to each other and to the VP62 molecular clone . There are only two nucleotide differences between the consensus XMRV22Rv1 and XMRVVP62 sequences ([GenBank: FN6900043] and [GenBank: EF185282], respectively); these result in single amino acid changes in Gag and Env, whereas the Pro and Pol proteins are identical. Thus, the key proteins targeted by the antiretroviral drugs tested in our study are identical in XMRV22Rv1 and XMRVVP62. This identity is reflected in the similar EC50 values obtained for these two viruses (Tables 1 and 2). Strikingly, all six of the full-length XMRV sequences currently available in GenBank show a high degree of nucleotide identity (Figure 4). Although the lack of variation reported in XMRV is difficult to reconcile with the known mutation rates of MoMLV and other retroviruses, collectively, these sequencing results suggest that the drugs that are active against XMRV22Rv1 and XMRVVP62 should be similarly active against other XMRV strains. Our analysis demonstrates that XMRV is sensitive to a broader range of NRTIs than was previously appreciated; these include analogs that are used in the clinical treatment of HIV-1 infection (AZT and tenofovir) as well as other structurally-related NRTIs (AZddA, AZddG and adefovir). We observed a distinct pattern of NRTI sensitivity in XMRV that correlates with the structure of the pseudosugar moiety; while XMRV is sensitive to 3'-azido nucleoside analogs and acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, the virus is moderately resistant to dideoxynucleosides and highly resistant to L-form thiacytidine NRTIs. Importantly, this pattern suggests that other 3'-azido or acyclic nucleoside analogs might also exhibit anti-XMRV activity. In addition, our data show that elvitegravir blocks XMRV infection with a degree of potency similar to that of AZT. This finding expands the number of integrase inhibitors with known activity against XMRV in vitro. While our use of the same target cell type for XMRV and HIV-1 provides an important reference point for characterizing XMRV drug susceptibility, we note that the two viruses utilize different receptors for entry and are therefore likely to infect differing host cell types in vivo. Ultimately, the clinical utility of antiretrovirals for XMRV will depend on drug distribution and metabolism at anatomic sites of XMRV replication, the degree to which antiretrovirals reduce XMRV viral load, and whether reductions in viral load slow pathogenesis. In the event that XMRV is shown to be the causative agent of human disease, our data identify candidate drugs for clinical studies of antiretroviral therapy in XMRV-infected patients. AZT (generic name: zidovudine; 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine), ddI (didanosine; 2',3'-dideoxyinosine), D4T (stavudine; 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine) and PFA (foscarnet; phosphonoformic acid) were obtained commercially (Sigma-Aldrich), as were adefovir ((R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine), tenofovir ((R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine) and abacavir ((1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol) (Moravek Biochemicals), AZddA (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadeonsine) and AZddG (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine) (Berry and Associates), and elvitegravir (Selleck Chemicals). Nevirapine and efavirenz were a gift from Koronis Pharmaceuticals (Seattle, Washington). 3TC (lamivudine; (-)-β-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine) and FTC (emtricitabine; (-)-β-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine) were kindly provided by Raymond Schinazi (Emory University) or were purchased from Moravek. All HIV-1 PIs used in this study, as well as the integrase inhibitor raltegravir, were obtained from the National Institutes of Health AIDS Reference Reagent Program. Cell culture and virus production HTX cells are a pseudodiploid subclone of HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells . The LtatSN vector was created by inserting the tat coding region of HIV strain SF2 into the retroviral expression vector LXSN . HTX/LtatSN cells were generated by infecting HTX cells with helper-virus free LtatSN virus that was produced in PA317 amphotropic packaging cells and then treating the cells with G418 (geneticin) to select for the presence of the vector. 22Rv1 cells and 293T/17 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. MAGIC-5A indicator cells (CD4+/CCR5+ HeLa cells that express β-galactosidase (β-gal) under the control of an HIV-1 LTR promoter) were a kind gift from Dr. Michael Emerman (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center). Cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. XMRV-pseudotyped LtatSN virus (XMRV+LtatSN) was generated by infecting HTX/LtatSN cells with virus produced from the VP62 molecular clone of XMRV (a kind gift from Robert Silverman, Cleveland Clinic) or with virus harvested from XMRV-infected 22Rv1 cells . HIV-1NL4-3 was produced using the full-length pNL4-3 HIV-1 plasmid molecular clone . Plasmid DNA was isolated from pNL4-3-transformed E. coli JM109 using an Endo-Free™ maxiprep kit (Qiagen) and introduced into cultured 293T/17 cells via chloroquine-mediated transfection as previously described . XMRVVP62+LtatSN, XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN and HIV-1NL4-3 stocks were harvested from confluent monolayers of producer cells, passed through 0.45-micron filters (XMRV+LtatSN) or centrifuged at 500 × g for 10 min at room temperature (HIV-1NL4-3) to remove host cells, and frozen in multiple aliquots at -70°C. Titers of the resultant stocks were 7.3 × 105, 1.2 × 105, and 3.0 × 106 MAGIC-5A focus forming units (FFU)/ml for XMRVVP62+LtatSN, XMRV22Rv1+LtatSN and HIV-1NL4-3, respectively. Drug Susceptibility Assays-RT and Integrase Inhibitors To compare the susceptibilities of XMRV and HIV-1 to NRTIs, NNRTIs and PFA, MAGIC-5A cells were seeded into 48-well plates at 1.5 × 104 cells/well. After 20-22 h of incubation, the cultures were dosed with varying drug concentrations and returned to the incubator for an additional 2.5 h. Immediately before infection, virus stocks were diluted to 3,000 FFU/ml in complete DMEM supplemented with 20 μg/ml diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) dextran. Supernatants from the drug-treated MAGIC-5A cultures were then aspirated and replaced with 100 μl of each diluted virus stock/well. To maintain drug pressure, a second dose of inhibitor was added to the inocula (at the same concentration as the first dose), and the plates were returned to the incubator for 2.5 h. After this time, an additional 300 μl of complete DMEM was added, a third dose of drug was added, and incubation was continued for 40 h. Individual dose-response experiments for each virus strain involved 2-3 solvent-only control cultures plus 2-3 cultures for each of seven different drug concentrations. To score β-gal-positive (β-gal+) foci, 100 μl of fixative solution [1% formaldehyde, 0.2% glutaraldehyde in 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] was added to each culture well, and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 10 min. After washing the fixed monolayers twice with 100 μl of PBS, 100 μl of staining solution [4 mM potassium ferrocyanide, 4 mM potassium ferricyanide, 2 mM MgCl2 and 0.4 mg/ml 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) in PBS] was added to each well, and the plates were placed in the incubator for 1 h. The cultures were then aspirated to remove the X-gal staining solution, rinsed with 100 μl of PBS per well, aspirated again and stored in 200 μl of PBS per well. Foci (individual β-gal+ cells plus groups of 2-8 contiguous β-gal+ cells) were counted using a CTL Immunospot Analyzer (Cellular Technology Ltd.) or were manually counted by light microscopy. Untreated control cultures typically contained 200-500 foci per well. To quantify viral susceptibility to integrase inhibitors, we adopted our MAGIC-5A-based assay to a 96-well format and used an expanded range of drug concentrations. These changes were necessitated by the shallow slopes observed in dose-response plots with raltegravir and elvitegravir relative to inhibitors from other drug classes . Culture conditions and times of drug addition were identical to those used for the RT inhibitor assays, except that each culture well was seeded with 5 × 103 MAGIC-5A cells in 100 μl of medium, was infected with 200 FFU of virus in 50 μl of dextran-containing medium, and received an additional 150 μl of complete medium following the 2.5 h incubation period. Fixing and X-gal-staining steps were performed with one half of the volumes of solutions used in RT inhibitor assays, and β-gal+ foci were counted using the CTL Immunospot Analyzer. Drug concentrations that inhibited focus formation by 50% (EC50 values) were calculated from dose-response plots by sigmoidal regression analysis (GraphPad Software). EC50 measurements for HIV-1NL4-3 were comparable to the values obtained in other single-cycle drug sensitivity assays [26, 59, 60]. Potential drug-mediated cytotoxicity was assessed by comparing the number of cells in untreated control cultures to those in cultures that received the maximal dosage of drug used in our assays. Fixed cells were stained by exposing the MAGIC-5A monolayers to 10 μg/ml ethidium bromide in PBS for 5 min, then de-staining for 5 min in deionized water. Cell nuclei were visualized by fluorescence microscopy using a Texas red filter set (560 nm excitation, 645 nm emission). Images were acquired from 3-4 culture wells for each drug treatment and corresponding no-drug controls, and nuclei were enumerated using ImageJ software . Drug Susceptibility Assays-Protease Inhibitors To measure PI susceptibility, cultured cells that were producing either HIV-1 or XMRV were treated with varying doses of PIs, and the numbers of infectious virions released by each drug-treated or no-drug control culture were quantified in MAGIC-5A indicator cells. For HIV-1NL4-3, 293T/17 cells grown in 75 cm2 flasks were digested with trypsin, seeded into 48-well plates at 6 × 104 cells/well, and placed in an incubator. The following day (20-24 h), CaPO4-DNA co-precipitates were prepared by mixing 5 μg of HIV-1NL4-3 plasmid DNA with 900 μl of 0.2 M CaCl2, adding the solution dropwise with mixing into 900 μl of 2× Hepes-buffered saline, and then incubating the suspension at room temperature for 10 min. During this time, chloroquine was added to each 293T/17 culture well to a final concentration of 50 μM. Co-precipitate suspensions were then mixed by pipetting and added directly to the chloroquine-treated cultures (20 μl/well), and the plates were placed in the incubator for 10-12 h. Following this incubation period, the supernatants were aspirated and replaced with 400 μl of fresh medium per well, and PIs were added to the culture wells. The plates were then returned to the incubator for 30-35 h. Supernatants (20 μl) from the transfected 293T/17 cultures were removed without disturbing the cell monolayer and diluted 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1,000 in complete medium supplemented with 20 μg/ml DEAE dextran. Infectious titers in the diluted supernatants were measured in MAGIC-5A cells as described above, except that inhibitors were omitted from this phase of the assay. For PI susceptibility assays with XMRV, HTX/LtatSN cells that were infected with XMRVVP62 were trypsinized, rinsed twice with 1× PBS, resuspended in complete medium and seeded into 48-well plates at approximately 5 × 104 cells/well. The cultures were then immediately treated with PIs as described above for HIV-1NL4-3. Following a 40-h incubation period, 180 μl of culture supernatant was harvested from each well, and DEAE-dextran was added to the samples to a final concentration of 20 μg/ml. The supernatants were diluted 1:4 and 1:16 in medium containing 20 μg/ml DEAE dextran, and 100 μl each of the undiluted, 1:4- and 1:16-diluted samples were transferred to MAGIC-5A cultures for FFU determination as described above. xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor generic name-zidovudine, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine tenofovir disoproxil fumarate foscarnet, phosphonoformic acid the concentration of drug required to inhibit infection by 50% analysis of variance United States Food and Drug Administration. Coffin JM, Hughes SH, Varmus HE: Retroviruses. 1997, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Blikstad V, Benachenhou F, Sperber GO, Blomberg J: Evolution of human endogenous retroviral sequences: a conceptual account. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008, 65: 3348-3365. 10.1007/s00018-008-8495-2. Urisman A, Molinaro RJ, Fischer N, Plummer SJ, Casey G, Klein EA, Malathi K, Magi-Galluzzi C, Tubbs RR, Ganem D, Silverman RH, DeRisi JL: Identification of a novel gammaretrovirus in prostate tumors of patients homozygous for R462Q RNASEL variant. PLoS Pathog. 2006, 2: e25-10.1371/journal.ppat.0020025. Fischer N, Hellwinkel O, Schulz C, Chun FK, Huland H, Aepfelbacher M, Schlomm T: Prevalence of human gammaretrovirus XMRV in sporadic prostate cancer. J Clin Virol. 2008, 43: 277-283. 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.04.016. Schlaberg R, Choe DJ, Brown KR, Thaker HM, Singh IR: XMRV is present in malignant prostatic epithelium and is associated with prostate cancer, especially high-grade tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106: 16351-16356. 10.1073/pnas.0906922106. Arnold RS, Makarova NV, Osunkoya AO, Suppiah S, Scott TA, Johnson NA, Bhosle SM, Liotta D, Hunter E, Marshall FF, Ly H, Molinaro RJ, Blackwell JL, Petros JA: XMRV infection in patients with prostate cancer: novel serologic assay and correlation with PCR and FISH. Urology. 2010, 75: 755-761. 10.1016/j.urology.2010.01.038. Knouf EC, Metzger MJ, Mitchell PS, Arroyo JD, Chevillet JR, Tewari M, Miller AD: Multiple integrated copies and high-level production of the human retrovirus XMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) from 22Rv1 prostate carcinoma cells. J Virol. 2009, 83: 7353-7356. 10.1128/JVI.00546-09. Hong S, Klein EA, Das Gupta J, Hanke K, Weight CJ, Nguyen C, Gaughan C, Kim KA, Bannert N, Kirchhoff F, Munch J, Silverman RH: Fibrils of prostatic acid phosphatase fragments boost infections with XMRV (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus), a human retrovirus associated with prostate cancer. J Virol. 2009, 83: 6995-7003. 10.1128/JVI.00268-09. Rodriguez JJ, Goff SP: Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus establishes an efficient spreading infection and exhibits enhanced transcriptional activity in prostate carcinoma cells. J Virol. 2010, 84: 2556-2562. 10.1128/JVI.01969-09. Stieler K, Schulz C, Lavanya M, Aepfelbacher M, Stocking C, Fischer N: Host range and cellular tropism of the human exogenous gammaretrovirus XMRV. Virology. 2010, 399: 23-30. 10.1016/j.virol.2009.12.028. Dong B, Kim S, Hong S, Das Gupta J, Malathi K, Klein EA, Ganem D, Derisi JL, Chow SA, Silverman RH: An infectious retrovirus susceptible to an IFN antiviral pathway from human prostate tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007, 104: 1655-1660. 10.1073/pnas.0610291104. Groom HC, Yap MW, Galao RP, Neil SJ, Bishop KN: Susceptibility of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) to retroviral restriction factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, 107: 5166-5171. 10.1073/pnas.0913650107. Metzger MJ, Holguin CJ, Mendoza R, Miller AD: The prostate cancer-associated human retrovirus XMRV lacks direct transforming activity but can induce low rates of transformation in cultured cells. J Virol. 2010, 84: 1874-1880. 10.1128/JVI.01941-09. Kim S, Kim N, Dong B, Boren D, Lee SA, Das Gupta J, Gaughan C, Klein EA, Lee C, Silverman RH, Chow SA: Integration site preference of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus, a new human retrovirus associated with prostate cancer. J Virol. 2008, 82: 9964-9977. 10.1128/JVI.01299-08. Lombardi VC, Ruscetti FW, Das Gupta J, Pfost MA, Hagen KS, Peterson DL, Ruscetti SK, Bagni RK, Petrow-Sadowski C, Gold B, Dean M, Silverman RH, Mikovits JA: Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Science. 2009, 326: 585-589. 10.1126/science.1179052. Groom HC, Boucherit VC, Makinson K, Randal E, Baptista S, Hagan S, Gow JW, Mattes FM, Breuer J, Kerr JR, Stoye JP, Bishop KN: Absence of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus in UK patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Retrovirology. 2010, 7: 10-10.1186/1742-4690-7-10. Hohn O, Krause H, Barbarotto P, Niederstadt L, Beimforde N, Denner J, Miller K, Kurth R, Bannert N: Lack of evidence for xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in German prostate cancer patients. Retrovirology. 2009, 6: 92-10.1186/1742-4690-6-92. Erlwein O, Kaye S, McClure MO, Weber J, Wills G, Collier D, Wessely S, Cleare A: Failure to detect the novel retrovirus XMRV in chronic fatigue syndrome. PLoS One. 2010, 5: e8519-10.1371/journal.pone.0008519. van Kuppeveld FJ, de Jong AS, Lanke KH, Verhaegh GW, Melchers WJ, Swanink CM, Bleijenberg G, Netea MG, Galama JM, van der Meer JW: Prevalence of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in the Netherlands: retrospective analysis of samples from an established cohort. BMJ. 2010, 340: c1018-10.1136/bmj.c1018. D'Arcy F, Foley R, Perry A, Marignol L, Lawler M, Gaffney E, Watson RGW, Fitzpatrick JM, Lynch TH: No evidence of XMRV in Irish prostate cancer patients with the R462Q mutation. European Urology Supplements. 2008, 271-10.1016/S1569-9056(08)60798-8. 7 Sakuma R, Sakuma T, Ohmine S, Silverman RH, Ikeda Y: Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus is susceptible to AZT. Virology. 2010, 397: 1-6. 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.013. Paprotka T, Venkatachari NJ, Chaipan C, Burdick R, Delviks-Frankenberry KA, Hu WS, Pathak VK: Inhibition of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus by APOBEC3 Proteins and Antiviral Drugs. J Virol. 2010, 84: 5719-5729. 10.1128/JVI.00134-10. Singh IR, Gorzynski JE, Drobysheva D, Bassit L, Schinazi RF: Raltegravir is a potent inhibitor of XMRV, a virus implicated in prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. PLoS One. 2010, 5: e9948-10.1371/journal.pone.0009948. Larder BA, Chesebro B, Richman DD: Susceptibilities of zidovudine-susceptible and -resistant human immunodeficiency virus isolates to antiviral agents determined by using a quantitative plaque reduction assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990, 34: 436-441. Miller AD, Bonham L, Alfano J, Kiem HP, Reynolds T, Wolgamot G: A novel murine retrovirus identified during testing for helper virus in human gene transfer trials. J Virol. 1996, 70: 1804-1809. Hachiya A, Aizawa-Matsuoka S, Tanaka M, Takahashi Y, Ida S, Gatanaga H, Hirabayashi Y, Kojima A, Tatsumi M, Oka S: Rapid and simple phenotypic assay for drug susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 using CCR5-expressing HeLa/CD4(+) cell clone 1-10 (MAGIC-5). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001, 45: 495-501. 10.1128/AAC.45.2.495-501.2001. Sramkoski RM, Pretlow TG, Giaconia JM, Pretlow TP, Schwartz S, Sy MS, Marengo SR, Rhim JS, Zhang D, Jacobberger JW: A new human prostate carcinoma cell line, 22Rv1. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1999, 35: 403-409. 10.1007/s11626-999-0115-4. Battini JL, Rasko JE, Miller AD: A human cell-surface receptor for xenotropic and polytropic murine leukemia viruses: possible role in G protein-coupled signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96: 1385-1390. 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1385. Sluis-Cremer N, Koontz D, Bassit L, Hernandez-Santiago BI, Detorio M, Rapp KL, Amblard F, Bondada L, Grier J, Coats SJ, Schinazi RF, Mellors JW: Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009, 53: 3715-3719. 10.1128/AAC.00392-09. Ren J, Stammers DK: Structural basis for drug resistance mechanisms for non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase. Virus Res. 2008, 134: 157-170. 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.12.018. Oberg B: Antiviral effects of phosphonoformate (PFA, foscarnet sodium). Pharmacol Ther. 1989, 40: 213-285. 10.1016/0163-7258(89)90097-1. Jones GS, Yu F, Zeynalzadegan A, Hesselgesser J, Chen X, Chen J, Jin H, Kim CU, Wright M, Geleziunas R, Tsiang M: Preclinical evaluation of GS-9160, a novel inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009, 53: 1194-1203. 10.1128/AAC.00984-08. Strair RK, Nelson CJ, Mellors JW: Use of recombinant retroviruses to characterize the activity of antiretroviral compounds. J Virol. 1991, 65: 6339-6342. Suruga Y, Makino M, Okada Y, Tanaka H, De Clercq E, Baba M: Prevention of murine AIDS development by (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998, 18: 316-322. Powell SK, Artlip M, Kaloss M, Brazinski S, Lyons R, McGarrity GJ, Otto E: Efficacy of antiretroviral agents against murine replication-competent retrovirus infection in human cells. J Virol. 1999, 73: 8813-8816. Rosenblum LL, Patton G, Grigg AR, Frater AJ, Cain D, Erlwein O, Hill CL, Clarke JR, McClure MO: Differential susceptibility of retroviruses to nucleoside analogues. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2001, 12: 91-97. Feher A, Boross P, Sperka T, Miklossy G, Kadas J, Bagossi P, Oroszlan S, Weber IT, Tozser J: Characterization of the murine leukemia virus protease and its comparison with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. J Gen Virol. 2006, 87: 1321-1330. 10.1099/vir.0.81382-0. Beck-Engeser GB, Eilat D, Harrer T, Jack HM, Wabl M: Early onset of autoimmune disease by the retroviral integrase inhibitor raltegravir. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106: 20865-20870. 10.1073/pnas.0908074106. Shimura K, Kodama E, Sakagami Y, Matsuzaki Y, Watanabe W, Yamataka K, Watanabe Y, Ohata Y, Doi S, Sato M, Kano M, Ikeda S, Matsuoka M: Broad antiretroviral activity and resistance profile of the novel human immunodeficiency virus integrase inhibitor elvitegravir (JTK-303/GS-9137). J Virol. 2008, 82: 764-774. 10.1128/JVI.01534-07. Johnson VA, Brun-Vezinet F, Clotet B, Gunthard HF, Kuritzkes DR, Pillay D, Schapiro JM, Richman DD: Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: December 2009. Top HIV Med. 2009, 17: 138-145. Winters MA, Merigan TC: Variants other than aspartic acid at codon 69 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase gene affect susceptibility to nucleoside analogs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001, 45: 2276-2279. 10.1128/AAC.45.8.2276-2279.2001. Mouscadet JF, Delelis O, Marcelin AG, Tchertanov L: Resistance to HIV-1 integrase inhibitors: A structural perspective. Drug Resist Updat. 2010, Halvas EK, Svarovskaia ES, Freed EO, Pathak VK: Wild-type and YMDD mutant murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptases are resistant to 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine. J Virol. 2000, 74: 6669-6674. 10.1128/JVI.74.14.6669-6674.2000. Boyer PL, Gao HQ, Clark PK, Sarafianos SG, Arnold E, Hughes SH: YADD mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase are resistant to lamivudine triphosphate (3TCTP) in vitro. J Virol. 2001, 75: 6321-6328. 10.1128/JVI.75.14.6321-6328.2001. Schinazi RF, Lloyd RM, Nguyen MH, Cannon DL, McMillan A, Ilksoy N, Chu CK, Liotta DC, Bazmi HZ, Mellors JW: Characterization of human immunodeficiency viruses resistant to oxathiolane-cytosine nucleosides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993, 37: 875-881. Meyer PR, Matsuura SE, Mian AM, So AG, Scott WA: A mechanism of AZT resistance: an increase in nucleotide-dependent primer unblocking by mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Mol Cell. 1999, 4: 35-43. 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80185-9. Meyer PR, Matsuura SE, So AG, Scott WA: Unblocking of chain-terminated primer by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase through a nucleotide-dependent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998, 95: 13471-13476. 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13471. St Clair MH, Richards CA, Spector T, Weinhold KJ, Miller WH, Langlois AJ, Furman PA: 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine triphosphate as an inhibitor and substrate of purified human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987, 31: 1972-1977. Huang P, Farquhar D, Plunkett W: Selective action of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate on viral reverse transcriptases and human DNA polymerases. J Biol Chem. 1990, 265: 11914-11918. Hazuda D, Iwamoto M, Wenning L: Emerging pharmacology: inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus integration. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009, 49: 377-394. 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145553. Hare S, Gupta SS, Valkov E, Engelman A, Cherepanov P: Retroviral intasome assembly and inhibition of DNA strand transfer. Nature. 2010, 464: 232-236. 10.1038/nature08784. Rasheed S, Nelson-Rees WA, Toth EM, Arnstein P, Gardner MB: Characterization of a newly derived human sarcoma cell line (HT-1080). Cancer. 1974, 33: 1027-1033. 10.1002/1097-0142(197404)33:4<1027::AID-CNCR2820330419>3.0.CO;2-Z. Miller AD, Rosman GJ: Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression. BioTechniques. 1989, 7: 980-982. 984-986, 989-990 Miller AD, Buttimore C: Redesign of retrovirus packaging cell lines to avoid recombination leading to helper virus production. Mol Cell Biol. 1986, 6: 2895-2902. Pear WS, Nolan GP, Scott ML, Baltimore D: Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993, 90: 8392-8396. 10.1073/pnas.90.18.8392. Adachi A, Gendelman HE, Koenig S, Folks T, Willey R, Rabson A, Martin MA: Production of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus in human and nonhuman cells transfected with an infectious molecular clone. J Virol. 1986, 59: 284-291. Smith RA, Anderson DJ, Preston BD: Purifying selection masks the mutational flexibility of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Biol Chem. 2004, 279: 26726-26734. 10.1074/jbc.M314038200. Shen L, Peterson S, Sedaghat AR, McMahon MA, Callender M, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Pitt E, Anderson KS, Acosta EP, Siliciano RF: Dose-response curve slope sets class-specific limits on inhibitory potential of anti-HIV drugs. Nat Med. 2008, 14: 762-766. 10.1038/nm1777. Parikh UM, Koontz DL, Chu CK, Schinazi RF, Mellors JW: In vitro activity of structurally diverse nucleoside analogs against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with the K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005, 49: 1139-1144. 10.1128/AAC.49.3.1139-1144.2005. Petropoulos CJ, Parkin NT, Limoli KL, Lie YS, Wrin T, Huang W, Tian H, Smith D, Winslow GA, Capon DJ, Whitcomb JM: A novel phenotypic drug susceptibility assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000, 44: 920-928. 10.1128/AAC.44.4.920-928.2000. Image J Software. [http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij] EMBOSS Pairwise Alignment Algorithms. [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/emboss/align] Cote ML, Roth MJ: Murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase: structural comparison with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Virus Res. 2008, 134: 186-202. 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.01.001. Poch O, Sauvaget I, Delarue M, Tordo N: Identification of four conserved motifs among the RNA-dependent polymerase encoding elements. EMBO J. 1989, 8: 3867-3874. Bruenn JA: A structural and primary sequence comparison of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31: 1821-1829. 10.1093/nar/gkg277. Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. [http://hivdb.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/INIResiNote.cgi] Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S: MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2007, 24: 1596-1599. 10.1093/molbev/msm092. We thank Robert Silverman (Cleveland Clinic) for providing the plasmid encoding the full-length infectious clone of XMRVVP62 (pVP62). This work was supported by a New Investigator Award to RAS from the University of Washington Center for AIDS Research (UW-CFAR; P30 AI27757), the UW-CFAR Computational Core, and Public Health Service grants R01 AI060466 to GSG and P30 DK056465 to ADM. We thank Jim Mullins (UW) for additional support (R37 AI47734) and both Jim Mullins and John Mittler (UW) for helpful discussions and critical review of the manuscript. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. RAS contributed to the experimental design, prepared essential reagents, acquired and analyzed the drug susceptibility data, and drafted the manuscript. ADM contributed to the experimental design, prepared essential reagents, performed the phylogenetic analysis of XMRV sequences, assisted in data acquisition and interpretation, and helped prepare the manuscript. GSG performed amino acid alignments of XMRV and HIV-1 sequences, assisted with data interpretation, contributed to the phylogenetic analysis of XMRV sequences, and helped prepare the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. About this article Cite this article Smith, R.A., Gottlieb, G.S. & Miller, A.D. Susceptibility of the human retrovirus XMRV to antiretroviral inhibitors. Retrovirology 7, 70 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-7-70 - Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate	<urn:uuid:70ee8999-241b-4240-9069-c85c7287ce3e>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-4690-7-70	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.872963	15,583	2.203125	2
The quasi direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the flow and the thermal fields in an industrial Czochralski crucible have been carried out in order to investigate the effect of thermocapillary or Marangoni convection employing an optimised parallel-vector block-structured Navier-Stokes equations solver. The simulations have been performed without and with the Marangoni effect at a specified rotation of the crucible during the synthesis of mono-crystalline Silicon (Pr=0.011). The time-averaged flow field reveals that the inward radial velocity at the free surface of the melt is quite high for the case with Marangoni convection. The flow is directed towards the solid crystal due to the presence of significant surface tension gradients at the free surface. A stronger downward flow has been observed at the center of the crucible owing to this strong radial velocity. Due to the superposition of the Marangoni convection, temperature fluctuations are reduced under the free surface and at the crystal interface. Thus the fluctuations in the growth rate are reduced. The turbulent kinetic energy, k is smaller below the crystal at different depths in the melt for the cases without any effect of the Marangoni convection as compared to the cases with Marangoni convection. The temperature along the free surface of the melt is increased when the thermocapillary effect is included. Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Marangoni Convection in an Industrial Czochralski Crucible - Views Icon Views - Share Icon Share - Search Site Kumar, V, Brenner, G, Durst, F, & Biswas, G. "Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Marangoni Convection in an Industrial Czochralski Crucible." Proceedings of the ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Heat Transfer, Volume 5. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. November 17–22, 2002. pp. 97-106. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2002-33719 Download citation file:	<urn:uuid:54ff7b86-71e3-43cc-a31c-c3dd7a674bd7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/proceedings-abstract/IMECE2002/36363/97/292395?redirectedFrom=PDF	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.873014	439	2.09375	2
If you’re searching for pineapple drawings & sketches for kids to do at home, you’re in right place! Keep your learning spirit alive with our curated list of pineapple drawings & sketches like pineapple fruit drawing art, how to draw pineapple, pineapple drawing step by step, and pineapple fruit pencil sketch. Pineapple Drawing & Sketches For Kids Read More: Apple Drawing & Sketches for Kids Easy Pineapple Drawing Steps For Kids Pineapple Fruit Drawing Art For Kids How To Draw Pineapple Easy Pineapple Drawing Tutorial Pineapple Drawing With Easy Steps Read More: Cupcake Drawing & Sketches For Kids Simple Pineapple Drawing Step by Step Pineapple Fruit Pencil Sketch Easy Pineapple Fruit Drawing Pineapple Fruit Pencil Drawing We hope you like our list of Pineapple Drawing & Sketches and will surely try to make them. If you liked our pineapple drawing & sketches for kids, read more crafts ideas at our website. Please let us know in the comment section which Pineapple Drawing & Sketch you like the most. Follow us on Youtube for art and craft tutorials and much more.	<urn:uuid:380c32df-b3be-4360-b448-02a237a281f2>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.kidsartncraft.com/pineapple-drawing-sketches/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.842467	241	1.90625	2
Creative change is simply an initiative aimed at utilizing creativity (music, poetry, visual arts etc.) to impact the society directly. Creative change is simply an initiative aimed at utilizing creativity (music, poetry, visual arts etc.) to impact the society directly. We do this by generating funds through our creative events and giving 100% of these funds to selected charities we are in partnership with. Last year, we raised over £500 for Barnabus Homeless Charity which was directly impactful to 100 homeless people that are now able to take their first steps to getting their own accommodation. This year we have partnered up with ACS Manchester to raise money for the charity GSA (Grace Sustains Africa). GSA is a charity aiming to improve education environments in African countries. They do this by providing safe sources of water, and good educational equipment to enable children to have the best education experience possible. We need your help to support this vision and this movement by buying tickets to Creative Change or just donating if you cannot attend the event. Your contributions will help these children who, unlike us, do not have access to good education environments or even basic clean and safe water.	<urn:uuid:b16d8245-f16b-40ea-bafa-099c3a10a2d7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.mcrgreater.co.uk/event/creative-change-2019-manchester/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz	en	0.945776	237	1.523438	2
Cheri Burness’ dog was the first to signal something was wrong with their tap water. He stopped drinking it two weeks ago. Then Burness started feeling stomach cramps. Her 12-year-old daughter was nauseous. “It was just getting worse every day,” said Burness, whose husband is in the Navy. Their family is among hundreds of military families living near Pearl Harbor with similar complaints after the Navy’s water system somehow became contaminated by petroleum. The problems have afflicted one of the most important Navy bases in the world, home to submarines, ships and the commander of U.S. forces in the Indo-Pacific region. The issues may even threaten one of Honolulu’s most important aquifers and water sources. The Navy said Thursday that tests had identified petroleum in its Red Hill well, which taps into an aquifer near the base. Rear Adm. Blake Converse, Pacific Fleet deputy commander, told a town hall meeting the Navy took this well offline on Sunday because it was the closest well to affected housing areas. Converse said the Navy will flush clean water through its distribution system to clear residual petroleum products from the water. The process, followed by testing to make sure the water meets Environmental Protection Agency drinking standards, could take four to 10 days, he said. The Navy will also investigate how contaminants got into the well and fix it, he said. In the meantime, military officials say they will help affected families move into hotels or new homes. The crisis came after the Navy on Nov. 22 said a water and fuel mixture had leaked into a fire suppression system drain line in a tunnel at a massive fuel storage facility 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) inland of Pearl Harbor. The Navy said it removed about 14,000 gallons (53,000 liters) of the mixture, and said the liquid hadn’t leaked into the environment. The Navy said so far it’s received calls about a fuel odor or physical ailments from 680 homes in Navy housing and 270 in Army housing on the Navy’s water system. The Navy water system serves 93,000 people. In the days after Thanksgiving, Burness’ daughter felt so sick she didn’t want to eat any leftovers, including potatoes, turnips and carrots that had been boiled in water. “‘I don’t want you to have to throw out food because I know it’s expensive, but I can’t eat this, Mom,’” Burness said her daughter told her. On Sunday, Burness started seeing comments on social media from military families saying their tap water smelled like fuel. She didn’t smell it, but people told her to turn on her hot water and check. She did and smelled it too. She told her family not to drink the water and not to wash their hair or faces with it. She ordered private water delivery for $120 a month. The family has mostly been eating off plastic and paper plates or dining out. On Monday, when she gave her dog some bottled water, he immediately drank a full liter’s worth and then drank two more liters over the next 12 hours. The Navy has since started distributing bottled water and said Marines would set up showers and laundry facilities connected to clean water. It is also setting up dedicated medical clinics. Environmental and Native Hawaiian groups, meanwhile, are demanding a meeting with Navy Secretary Carlos Del Toro. He’s scheduled to visit Hawaii next week to attend a ceremony marking the 80th anniversary of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. Burness said her stomach cramps are about 85% better, but not over. Her daughter’s nausea has improved. But they are both now complaining of breathing issues. Burness has been frustrated with the Navy’s response, which she believes has been dismissive of families’ concerns. She pointed to a Monday email from the commander of Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam that told residents the Navy was testing water samples but it had no immediate indication the water wasn’t safe. His email said he and his staff were drinking the water. “All they had to do was say, ‘We see that there’s a problem, we don’t know what it is, and we’re going to do whatever it takes to find out and fix it.’ That’s all they had to do. And instead, we got: ‘Nope. Looks good. Smells fine. Bye,’” Burness said. Navy Region Hawaii, which oversees all Navy installations in the state, said the commander’s email was sent when “numbers of concerns were still very low.” “Since then, the Navy has aggressively increased sampling, testing, communication to families and others impacted, as well as started response teams of experts to address the issues we all are facing,” the command said in a statement. The Nov. 22 tunnel leak was only the latest involving the Red Hill Fuel Storage Facility, a complex of 20 underground fuel tanks built during World War II. Environmentalists and Honolulu’s municipal water utility have expressed concerns about the aging tanks since the Navy disclosed one of them leaked 27,000 gallons (102 kiloliters) in 2014. The tanks sit 100 feet (30 meters) above an aquifer that supplies about a quarter of the water consumed in Honolulu, prompting concerns that leaks could contaminate one of the city’s most crucial water sources. This is the same aquifer tapped by the Red Hill well where the Navy just detected petroleum. Last month, the Sierra Club of Hawaii and other environmental groups called on the government to shut the tanks down. Burness said her experience has shaken her confidence in the military. During her decades as a military spouse, she’s always believed in doing whatever it takes to support “the mission.” “This has destroyed all of that,” she said. “I have zero confidence at this point, and I think this has shown that they cannot be trusted with anything.”	<urn:uuid:363b71e0-d3d7-42c6-87dd-2f1c748babe6>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.news9.com/story/61aa8b80b2c8aa0c12e4a648/fuel-in-tap-water-alarms-pearl-harbor-military-families	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.977035	1,282	2	2
Dyno-tab Fuel Treatment is a safe, fast dissolving fuel additive in tablet form that is made from 100% active ingredients Dyno-tab eliminates the fluid carrier component of most fuel additives and dramatically reduces transportation costs, storage requirements and packaging waste. In this regard, Dyno-tab is better for the environment. Dyno-tab fuel treatments contain a combustion catalyst that, when added to fuel, produces a cleaner and more complete fuel burn. In addition, Dyno-tab inhibits the buildup of carbon deposits within the combustion chamber and on exhaust valve surfaces, which rob your engine of power and performance. Dyno-tab is added directly to the fuel tank at fill-up where it dissolves quickly and completely. Dyno-tab is designed to: - The Card contain 6 Tablets, each 0.25 gram. - Each tablet 0.25 gram treat 15 liter. - The Dyno-tab® Mini is ideal for small cars, motorcycles, scooters and other small engines. - Increase power and performance - Boost octane - Help improve fuel economy - Reduce smoke and exhaust emissions - Eliminate ‘knock’ & ‘ping’ - Inhibit carbon deposits - Help improve fuel economy 10% – 15% - Increase power and performance. - Clean Injectors and Valves. - Helps stabilize fuel. - Reduce smoke and exhaust emissions & Prevent carbon deposits. - Eliminate “multiplication” and “stroke” of the engine. - Suitable for Gasoline & Diesel engines (with 30 Liter Fuel Tank Capacity). - Method of use: Put one tablet before each filling. - Approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).	<urn:uuid:a1c47245-2f01-4e6f-8ee2-27a275ddae1a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://xclusivebrandsbd.com/product/dyno-tab-fuel-treatment-mini-tabs-with-octane-booster/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.84924	365	1.773438	2
Many letters were published in The Shillong Times and other newspapers and there was endless discussion of the growing traffic problems and shortage of car parks in the capital city of Shillong. As discussions and deliberations continue, an unpleasant “change of use” is taking place in the few parking spaces that have been created in previous years. All of these car parks were previously built by the Department of Urban Affairs to deal with the on-street parking that was rampant in the city. Things are changing for the worse today. Take the example of the parking space that was created in Dhankheti. Today more of the parking lot has been taken up by shops and very little space is left for parking. In the car park opposite the main branch of the State Bank of India, new stores are added almost every month. In the end, if the powers that be get their way, there will be no more space to park. Two years ago, there were only three or four stores in this parking lot. Today, shops have settled all along the border. Even now, the construction of new stores seems to be underway. No consideration for the structural safety of the building or how it affects public and vehicular traffic or where the liquid discharge goes. We will dread going into the basement. It looks more like a den of criminals. Take the case of the parking space near Mahavir Park, you have to see it to believe it. For the namesake, public toilets have been built but the use is more commercial in nature. In fact, it looks like a store selling groceries inside the toilet. A few dilapidated looking shops have also been built right in the middle and God knows for what purpose. The same goes for the car parks at Khlieh Iewduh, opposite Anjalee Cinema, Mawlong Hat and other car parks, all of which are gradually being converted to commercial use. Nobody can guess how such a “change of use” occurs and how the authorities concerned turn a blind eye. There had always been a demand to convert parking lots into shops in the hope of creating jobs, but common sense had prevailed before. Now, however, it appears to be a different story. There seems to be no objection from anywhere to such actions which run counter to the public interest. It’s more like a complete surrender to the powers that be by the relevant departments resulting in a free-for-all. If the government of the day has not learned from the experience of the shopping complex in the parking lot of Police Bazar and still wants to continue the failed job creation policy by building shops everywhere, it may very well do the same in the New Shillong area instead of destroying the limited infrastructure available in the city today. In case the government of the day has a sense of responsibility towards its citizens and cares about the future of the town, it would do well to remove all encroachments from public places in Shillong and instead create other opportunities in New Shillong which appears to be developing into another government township with no provision for the public. Pathetic road conditions in Upper Shillong Through your newspaper, I would like to raise a serious complaint about the pitiful and extremely bad condition of certain sections of the Shillong-Milliem-Nongstoin road. One part is at Sawmer, Upper Shillong, and the other part is near the trijunction area at Hynniewmer (just before reaching the junction point from Shillong to Mylliem or Nongstoin), which has caused huge inconvenience to commuters daily life and which is also dangerous for vehicles. fold over. These particular stretches of the road are full of potholes and are rough terrain. During the rainy season, these portions are flooded and cause huge passage problems. The fact that these are on a national road is another very disappointing fact. By this letter, we, the citizens, demand that the PWD Roads (National Highway Division) or other relevant central/state road department immediately initiate repairs to the roads, failing which the concerned citizens will be forced to address to the High Court. We also urge the office of the Deputy Commissioner, Shillong, to follow this issue closely. Despair of those affected by the floods Flood-affected Barak Valley passengers in Assam have been without proper rail and road connection for weeks. The union and state governments know that for an essential flight requiring 25 to 28 minutes between Guwahati and Silchar, private airlines charge Rs 6,200 to Rs 24,000 per passenger for a one-way trip. For a very limited short period, the Chief Minister of Assam arranged special low cost flights, but this facility is no longer available today. The Ministry of Civil Aviation, PMO, CM (Assam) and the administration are just spectators. This is an indirect support to the operation by different airlines at a time when the situation warrants frequent low cost flights between the Guwahati-Silchar and Kolkata-Silchar sectors. We call on the government to intervene strictly in the matter to bring the cost down to Rs 4000 for the short flight between Silchar-Guwahati until regular trains are restored. A similar action is requested for air tickets between Silchar and Kolkata on the same grounds. Additional flights in both sectors are essential to alleviate public suffering under the Act East policy of the Government of India and the Ministry of Development of the North East Region (MDoNER). Your kind urgent intervention is requested. Professor Dilip Kumar Dey Pro-active Senior Citizens’ Forum, (An apolitical organization of senior citizens)	<urn:uuid:4465289b-7356-49b8-b332-aa907e677793>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://sarugarage.com/stop-turning-parking-lots-into-shops/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz	en	0.964839	1,224	1.585938	2
We know a six-year-old girl who along with her three-year-old brother have discovered a lot about nature this summer. Because of the pandemic, many families have been spending more time at home. We’ve enjoyed hearing about their times outdoors, planting seeds and seedlings for tomatoes, cucumbers and parsley, and other herbs and vegetables.. Then, they spotted a caterpillar on the parsley. A few weeks later, the caterpillar had disappeared, but the kids discovered the caterpillar had moved to a gap in the house bricks. It was now a chrysalid, the hard outer case protecting the egg that, if it survives a Canadian winter, should emerge next spring as a butterfly. The ambition of authors Monica Wiedel-Lubinski and Karen Madigan is to encourage more families to get outdoors so children can discover that nature is fun. In Nature Play Workshop for Families, they’ve provided a practical guide to 40+ outdoor learning experiences in all seasons to spark a connection to nature vital for children’s healthy growth and development. When children plug into electronics, they can get disconnected from direct experiences with nature. The book uses beautiful photography and simple lists to provide visual suggestions of tangible approaches to nature-based learning and play, and ideas for hands’-on projects using natural materials. Inspired by nature preschools, forest kindergartens and forest school models the world over, this guide also includes advice from experienced nature-based educators, too. Examples of nature-based child experiences in the book include: - Wildlife observation and tracking - Nature sounds, songs and poetry - Gardening and cooking with wild edibles - Printmaking, charcoal drawing, dyeing and shadow play - Journaling inspired by nature Monica Wiedel-Lubinski has two decades of leadership in nature-based education. At the Irvine Nature Center outside Baltimore, Maryland, she was the founding director of The Nature Preschool. Karen Madigan is an educator at Irvine Nature Center who has worked closely with children, families and fellow educators for more than 25 years. Get the Nature Play Workshop for Families book Nature Play Workshop for Families: A Guide to 40+ Outdoor Learning Experiences in All Seasons is published by Quarry Books; 144 pages; C$29.99; ISBN: 9781631598685 [When you purchase an independently reviewed book through our site, we earn an affiliate commission.] Buy from ChaptersIndigo.ca	<urn:uuid:a8d55240-4b76-464d-a282-37cb8cec265b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://gardenmaking.com/childs-play-learning-about-nature/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.948155	510	2.796875	3
[EDITORIALS]5-day week: Let's decideThe proposed introduction of the five-day workweek has become the biggest issue in this year's collective bargaining. The Korea Financial Industry Union said it would make the introduction of a five-day workweek its central demand in upcoming negotiations with banks. The Federation of Korean Trade Unions said a survey of its member unions showed that 42 percent of them listed a 40-hour week in their demands. An uncoordinated move to a shorter workweek is a cause for concern. The Tripartite Commission on labor issues is still considering the matter, and if it is adopted randomly and under union duress, the upshot will be inconvenience for the public. One important question is how business will operate efficiently if banks alone move to a five-day workweek. Before banks do so, the public and the business sector must change their banking practices. ATMs and Internet banking have become popular alternatives to visiting a bank branch for smaller transactions, but little has been thought through on how to treat loan repayments and bills coming due on Saturdays. It is beyond our comprehension why the government decided recently to go ahead with the plan for civil servants. Perhaps the move was intended as a way to encourage progress in Tripartite Commission discussions, but it is dangerous for the government to go first just because it is easy for them to do so. Many businesses have already moved to a five-day workweek, and large conglomerates have been preparing for the change for some time. There is no justification for the commission to keep delaying a decision. No doubt there are issues still to be resolved, but most of the pieces are now in place. The commission is meeting now and should push hard to reach a final decision. A shorter workweek is the kind of major social decision that once made will be difficult to reverse. It is appropriate for the public and the corporate sector to introduce it gradually, checking progress and minimizing confusion. The form of a five-day workweek should be something that has a productive impact on the economy, not one that lowers competitiveness.	<urn:uuid:f3b19a71-2378-4d13-b9d7-e790d1529208>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2003/01/05/editorials/EDITORIALS5day-week-Lets-decide/1902619.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.9658	427	1.71875	2
George Town and Low Head are classified as Historic Towns, with Low Head boasting a working pilot service and signal station since 1805 and George Town built by convicts on the site where Europeans first landed in northern Van Diemen's Land 1804. You're spoilt for choice in accommodation and dining options in award-winning establishments, plus optional BBQs with a new pump track and adventure playground catering for all ages nearby. An easy shared pathway winds its way around York Cove and along the scenic river's edge out to the Low Head Lighthouse, complementing the more recent MTB Trails at Mount George and Tippogoree Hills soon to be completed. While many of George Town's earliest buildings are long gone, some remain and the history lives on in the old 1855 Watch House, the Bass and Flinders Maritime Museum, the Community Quilts in the Memorial Hall and in Regent Square. Drive the short scenic riverside route north to the Low Head peninsula where the Pilot Station has operated since 1805 and Little Penguins gather at dusk. The original 1847 Coxswain's Cottage now houses a seafood shack and in the adjacent 1835 convict-built Pilots Row you'll find the renowned Maritime Museum with its 13 rooms of genuine artefacts on display. The remaining Pilot Station buildings and the Lightkeepers' Cottages offer heritage accommodation in these scenic locations. Continue to the end of the road [if you go any further, you're in Bass Strait!] where convicts built Australia's third Lighthouse in 1833. It was replaced by the present iconic Low Head Lighthouse in 1888 and the views of the whole Tamar Valley and the northern coastline from here are superb. You can see Table Cape on a clear day! This is an ideal central destination from which to explore the coastal villages and the surrounding beaches, vineyards, wineries, distilleries and agricultural areas in the Pipers River Valley and the Hillwood area and take in a nocturnal Penguin Tour.	<urn:uuid:3242a79d-a2bf-4e6e-8d29-477acd29ec28>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://visitnortherntasmania.com.au/experience/george-town-low-head	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.93913	407	1.523438	2
There are many different types of strength training available out there, so it can be confusing to know which one is right for you to achieve your goals – which, by the way, you want to be clear and quantifiable. It's not enough to have a vague idea of wanting to gain more muscles or to lose weight – you’ll want to have a specific goal, such as bench pressing 200 pounds, or losing 10 pounds by Christmas (so, you know, you’ll have space for all that holiday food). (Average Gunsmith reader after losing 10 lbs) Lucky for you, today we’ll talk about some of the more popular ones so you’ll have a better idea of what type of strength training you’ll want to take on. Total Body Training If you’re new to strength training, total body training is a great way to start. You’ll use lighter weights in a variety of different motions to work out the entire body. This way, you’ll get to improve your body strength as a whole, and discover which areas you are weak in so you can focus on them later on. There are a number of benefits to Total Body Training. Often called a 'whole-body workout', total body training usually refers to working all of the major muscle groups in a single session. Using this strategy can help save time, stimulate more muscle and give you more time for training. By doing Total Body Training, you only need to work out approximately 3 days a week because you're working your entire body during each session. This obviously saves you time by being in the gym less, but it also means that your body has much more down time to recover from the previous workout. Some total body workouts are running, cycling, pushups, lunges, and squats. The classic muscular isolation training can be good for beginners and advanced lifters alike. Unlike other strength training programs in this list, isolation training, as you’ve probably already guessed, only targets one or two muscle groups in a day and makes use of only one joint. Some examples of isolation exercises are concentration curls, leg extensions, and triceps kickbacks. There are plenty of benefits to isolation training, such as the ability to focus on form and to work a specific muscle group in a single session. If you build your workout routine around Isolation Training, be prepared to spend 5 days a week in the gym. You'll also want to be sure to get plenty of rest, as each of those 5 days will be a pretty intense workout. This type of training is great if you’re looking to focus on developing specific areas such as your arms and booty. If you’ve already followed a total body training program, you can come up with a muscular isolation training program that targets the weaker areas you’ve discovered. Think total body training, but faster. Dynamic exercises integrate a lot of large cardiovascular components as well as excellent strength training. Box jumps, rope pulls, and also lighter weightlifting movements such as squats. If you’re looking to drop weight quickly, this is the training program you’ll want to look into. This type of strength training focuses on incorporating more muscle in larger movements. Types of exercises that fall under powerlifting are squats, deadlifts, and bench press – and it’s in fact these three that are used in most powerlifting competitions around the world. This is an advanced method of strength training which involves a lot of heavy weights, and as such, is high risk. However, if you want to have large shoulders, arms, and legs, this is the training program for you. Whatever your goals, there is a strength training program out there that’s just right for you. And you don’t need to take on only one – you can do different types of strength training as your fitness level moves up. For the best results, and to help you avoid injury when performing any of these exercises, head on over to our shop and check out our weightlifting belts, sleeves and wraps for wrists, elbows, knees, and ankles, as well as other helpful (dare we say, essential) gear!	<urn:uuid:098219a8-2929-4f3c-8dd7-facf9a0e1e7b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://gunsmithfitness.com/en-us/blogs/news/strength-training-which-is-right-for-you	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.962345	886	1.523438	2
An irresistible composition of two old world ingredients... Ambergris, warm, sweet, earthy-musky with a delicate crisp top note, infused with rich, pungent musk of the Civet... the result is amazingly complex, as all the facets of Ambergris become pronounced and the oceanic sweetness is brought out in full bloom. This fragrance is Ambergris at its best... one drop is all you'll need... to stimulate healthy conversation and attract positive energy. WHAT DOES AMBERGRIS SMELL LIKE Fresh Ambergris is black, sticky-soft and tar like, with a fecal smell like scented cow dung. After years or decades floating in the ocean and getting oxidized by the sun and salt water, the pungent odor will change beyond recognition by becoming earthy, seaweed-seawater like, reminiscent of tobacco or musty old wood; animal musky with a peculiar sweet odor unique to ambergris. WHAT IS CIVET The Civet is a small sized, slender omnivorous solitary mammal which is native to the tropical (southeast) Asia and Africa. Out of the dozen species of civet, the African (Palm) Civet (Civettictis civetta) is the most known, as this is the main species the civet musk used within perfumery comes from. The African Civet is uniquely recognized with black and white stripes and blotches, large hind quarters and an erectile dorsal crest. Names used for the Civet is "toddycat" in English and "musang" in Malay, though referring to the African Civet as 'civet cat' is misleading, as this animal is not a feline, but in fact related to weasels and mongooses. WHAT IS CIVET USED FOR The actual musk substance and scent produced by the male and female animals' perineal glands is called 'civet' as well, being highly regarded as a fragrance and fixative within perfumery. Other names include 'civette' in Middle French, 'zibetto' in Italian or 'zabAd' in Arabic. Civet Coffee, 'Kopi Luwak' is an aromatic, prized flavor of coffee, produced from coffee beans that have gone through the civet's digestive system after the animals have eaten the flesh of the coffee cherries, but passed the indigestible beans. A pound (0.45 kg) of this fine coffee can cost up to $600 or $100 for a brewed cup.	<urn:uuid:30ef2642-7563-44e8-ada1-c53565ca70bf>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.agarscentsbazaar.com/products/ambergris-civet-mukhallat-natural-perfume-3ml	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.924153	555	1.71875	2
It was just a matter of time before the Somali pirates decided to up and move to new waters. Needless to say this new game of cat and mouse has upped the game to a new level. Clearly it is difficult to patrol so much open water, and even with several countries deploying naval ships, it is still the needle in the haystack. Eventually the most obvious deterrent that has been avoided will be the only answer, and that is to arm the targeted ships with weapons that will turn the pirates away. For whatever reason this is being avoided, it clearly is the best answer. Many women learn self defense being Karate or whatever as the police can not be everywhere. So the logic behind this is the same. After a few dozen encounters with ships that fight back, the Somali pirates will start to think again that if they head out they may soon become shark food. Connecting the Dots fails to see the logic in not arming the ships. Clearly the governments have admitted several time that there is a lot of water to cover. The most recent event that involved an American crew showed that the pirates although armed are not trained and are flying by the seat of their pants. It means if the pirates see incoming fire and they are more or less sitting ducks in their small boat, that good old survival instinct will kick in as they suddenly turn the rudder.	<urn:uuid:6e10dc85-eae8-40b5-8336-86019fb8293f>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://preapism.com/2009/04/11/somali-pirates-counter-checking-attempts/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.980663	278	1.898438	2
Warning: Attempt to read property "post_excerpt" on null in /homepages/1/d778327051/htdocs/clickandbuilds/MyOwnOpinionsGlobalNews/wp-content/themes/mh-magazine/includes/mh-custom-functions.php on line 364 I am troubled by the fact that as human beings we have developed the propensity to hate each other and I do not understand why. In our society, there are many different cultures and instead of embracing our differences we spend so much time finding flaws within other groups and then hating each other for their beliefs. Imagine a society where we all think the same, act the same and have the same ideologies. We may not like the Muslim because we believe that their beliefs are archaic, they treat women with disrespect and their attitude towards non-Muslim are so far out that the only way that we can effectively co-habit is to hate them. Whether it is the Bible or the Koran the teachings are about loving one another and to be each other keeper. We have decided as a people that the only way in which we can co-exist is by hatred and therefore instead of finding a way to live peacefully on our planet we are trying to destroy the human race by our hate. There have been many young people who have lost their lives due to knife crime. It has become an epidemic regarding the number of young people who have been murdered by a knife. Our society seems to embrace this counter-productive behaviour. If you murder another human being, and you are at the age where the law believes you have not reached the age of majority which according to them is 18 years old the perpetrators will have their identity protect, the question is why should that be. If you believe you are old enough to kill someone then what possible reason should you give anonymity. I do not believe that anyone is born with hatred inside them I believe that intolerance of other is something that we are taught to do and it grows like, cancer within our bones until we can no longer differentiate what is right and what is wrong. Slavery was an appalling thing that black people were subjected to, and I cannot see or even comprehend hating so-called white people for slavery and yet there are those who because of slavery continue to carry that hate of white people around with them. What have we gained by hating each other? The Bible tells us that ‘greater love hath no man than this that a man lay down his life for his friend’. If that is our reality, then why can we not come together as people and stop our hatred. For century religious beliefs have played a major role in how we treat each other, now it is those that believe that if you are not of a certain colour, then you do not have a right to exist. This attitude is so evident where five police officer was killed, and yet there are those who have no sympathy for the families that are left behind because they perceived the police as having killed too many unharmed Black people. When is this hatred of each other going to cease, we cannot continue down this path, it is a dead-end road that leads to nowhere? I looked at what happened for years in South Africa and when the change came whereby Nelson Mandela became President of that country he never preaches hate, in fact, he did all that he could to unite the country and if there was anyone who should have harbor hatred it was that man. It is time that we take a step back and recognise that hatred of each other is not going to get us anywhere and because of that hatred we can only sink lower into the depths of despair and the situation that occurs recently where 50m people was murdered at a so-called gay bar will continue until we recognise that we all have a right to inhabit this planet equally, and no one is above another.	<urn:uuid:5fa1e0b0-1d57-478a-8c01-380d6b937e4b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://myownopinions.com/where-do-human-beings-get-the-propensity-to-hate/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.981704	802	1.625	2
In yet another sign of strong economic momentum and growth in quality jobs, the Phoenix metro area experienced the highest wage growth in the nation over the past year. Wages in the Valley jumped 7.6 percent between July 2016 and July 2017, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “We’ve been laser focused on building a more innovation-driven economy that works for everyone, and we’re seeing great results,” Mayor Greg Stanton said. “This significant private-sector wage growth is being driven by advanced industries like technology, biosciences, healthcare, financial services and precision manufacturing.” The average hourly wage grew by nearly $2 an hour over the past year in the Phoenix metro area and is now $26.75, 1.5 percent higher than the national average of $26.36. Overall, the Phoenix metro area ranks 23rd in wages, but it’s quickly heading in the right direction. Before the Great Recession in 2007, advanced industries accounted for less than half of the workforce in Phoenix (46 percent). Now those higher-talent, higher-wage jobs make up more than 60 percent of the Valley’s workforce. Here’s a closer look at the numbers: Top 10 metros by increase in average hourly wage, July 2017 over July 2016 “MSA Rank” is based on July 2016 metropolitan statistical area population by the U.S. Census; “Rank” means percent change in average hourly wage year-over-year Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics	<urn:uuid:e3a7809c-6667-4c52-bcbb-94d3346282a8>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.myhyperlocalnews.com/phoenix-wage-growth-strongest-u-s/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.935047	330	1.6875	2
Pathogenesis of IBS: role of inflammation, immunity and neuroimmune interactions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jan 26; Authors: Ohman L, Simrén M IBS is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders worldwide and is thought to be the result of disturbed neural function along the brain-gut axis. The mechanisms behind this disturbance are not clear, but important roles for low-grade inflammation and immunological alterations in the development of symptoms compatible with IBS have become evident. The development of long-standing gastrointestinal symptoms after infectious gastroenteritis and patients with IBD in remission frequently having functional gastrointestinal symptoms support this hypothesis. An increased innate immune activity in the intestinal mucosa and in blood is found in subpopulations of patients with IBS. Mast cells and monocytes seem to be particularly important. In addition, studies have demonstrated that IBS may be associated with an activated adaptive immune response. Increased epithelial barrier permeability and an abnormal gut flora might lead to increased activation of the intestinal immune system. Functional and anatomical evidence for abnormal neuroimmune interactions has been found in patients with IBS. The link between immune alterations and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and the positive effect of anti-inflammatory treatments in IBS further highlight the relevance of neuroimmune interactions in this condition. PMID: 20101257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View the full article	<urn:uuid:8f5f7cca-e685-4a72-8fe6-2fb2ecc571c9>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.ibsgroup.org/threads/pubmed-pathogenesis-of-ibs-role-of-inflammation-immunity-and-neuroimmune-interactions.116786/?u=29425	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.906496	296	2.171875	2
Contribution by Durban Attorney - Fawzia Khan Is it fair for an employee to be dismissed for making false claims of racism? The CEO of a company was alleged to have used racist words, including the “k-word”, when he admonished a group of his employees for playing a game of cards outside the work premises. It was later found that the allegations of racism were false and the employer company was justified in dismissing the employees for making these words these false claims. Based on our turbulent apartheid history South Africans continue to be plagued by racism. For that reason, false allegations of racism could permanently ruin a person’s name and reputation. In the case of the CEO it could have a detrimental impact to his name and reputation. His career as CEO could also be jeopardised and it could even lead to the loss of his employment as CEO of the company. Consequently, the CCMA held that the dismissal of the employees under these circumstances was justified. The case in point was NUMSA obo Baloyi v O-Line Pty Ltd. In this case, Mr. Baloyi and some of his co-workers who were found by their Company CEO, playing cards in front of the company premises. A disciplinary hearing was then held 17 October 2018 arising from the card game incident. The employees were found guilty of insubordination and issued with a final written warning. However Mr. Baloyi put in a grievance against the CEO alleging that on the day in question, the CEO shouted and swore at them using expletives, called them idiots and that he called them the “K-word” in Afrikaans. Baloyi said he reported this incident to the NUMSA shop steward but that the NUMSA official “forgot” to submit it to the Company. Thus the grievance was submitted on the morning of the disciplinary hearing. The CEO denied having made the racist utterances. He also said that he is English speaking having come from Zimbabwe and did not know Afrikaans. The employer did not accept the grievance as having substance, issued a second disciplinary hearing and charged the employees for deliberately supplying incorrect and/or falsified information. They were then dismissed. The employees took the matter to the CCMA for arbitration. At the arbitration, the Company produced evidence showing that the CEO did not speak Afrikaans and accordingly could not have made those utterances in Afrikaans. The Commissioner drew a negative inference by the fact that the allegations of racism were only made when the disciplinary proceedings were instituted and found on a balance of probabilities that the employees were guilty of making false allegations. The next question asked was whether dismissal was an appropriate sanction under the circumstances. The Commissioner found that the gravity of the matter was so serious that dismissal was appropriate. He said that racism continues to plague our society based on our turbulent apartheid past. The Commissioner said that these untrue racist claims could thus have caused irreparable reputational damage to and could even end the CEO’s career with the Company. Since the employees showed no remorse for their conduct, the Commissioner found their dismissals to be both substantively and procedurally fair. Know your rights! The Law Desk of Fawzia Khan and Associates. Giving YOU the Power of Attorney. Email email@example.com or call 031-5025670 for legal advice at competitive rates.	<urn:uuid:2ca38611-be1a-4407-bae1-425bdf0afc83>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.findanattorney.co.za/content_false-claims-of-racism	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.985895	700	1.828125	2
There are an estimated six millions carers in the UK. The carer’s allowance has been widely criticised due to the small financial payment in relation to the amount of work undertaken. However, if eligible, it is still worth claiming the carer’s allowance. What Exactly Is A Carer’s Allowance? A carer’s allowance is a benefit paid by the government to eligible people who care for another person for at least 35 hours per week. The person being cared for must be in receipt of specific benefits such as a Disability Living Allowance, an Attendance Allowance or a Constant Attendance Allowance. Carers must be over 16 years old and do not actually have to be related or living with the person they are caring for. How Much Is The Carer’s Allowance? The actual amount of carer’s allowance has been the subject of much criticism. At present the carer’s allowance amounts to £53.10. However, if the carer is in receipt of other benefits they may not be able to claim the full carer’s allowance. If benefits to the carer equal the £53.10 carer’s allowance then they will not be able to apply for the carer’s allowance. Why The Controversy Over The Carer’s Allowance? There have been recent calls for the government to address the low amount paid for such a vital service. The £53.10 is paid if the carer looks after another person for a minimum of 35 hours; this actually works out at £1.52 per hour. Some carers are actually on call 24 hours per day, which makes the per hour payment equal to £0.18 per hour. This amount is woefully inadequate for the amount of time that a carer actually works looking after another. Will The Government Improve The Carer’s Allowance? It looks doubtful that the government is intending to raise the carer’s allowance in the near future. Government officials have claimed the allowance is under review but have also set the year 2018 as a target for intended changes. Officials claim that any financial hardship that carers undergo should be eliminated by 2018. However many charities are far from happy with this intended date and claim the eligibility rules and payment amounts have long been outdated. Can I Claim A Carer’s Allowance While Working? Many carers have part-time or even full time jobs as well as looking after another person. Workers can receive a carer’s allowance but only if their wages do not reach over £95 per week after tax, National Insurance and occupational pensions have been deducted. Money from wages to pay child minders will also be taken into account when working out the carer’s allowance eligibility. Can I Claim While Taking an Educational Course? In some circumstances students can claim the carer’s allowance. Unfortunately people who are in full time education such as university or college courses will not be eligible for a carer’s allowance. Full time education means that the related course lasts for 21 hours of supervised study per week. Students cannot claim the carer’s allowance when on holiday from their courses. Are There Any Other Benefits Available For Carers? In certain cases people who are eligible for a carer’s allowance may be entitled to other benefits. Eligibility will usually be means tested but could mean the carer is eligible to the top band of certain benefits. Means tested benefits can include income support, jobseeker’s allowance, housing benefits and council tax benefit. It will always be worthwhile inquiring about extra benefits available to carer’s. Those in receipt of a carer’s allowance should also eligible for a Christmas bonus allowance and fuel benefits. How Can I Apply For A Carer’s Allowance? People who wish to apply for a carer’s allowance can either contact their local government benefits office or contact the Carer’s Allowance Unit. Applications forms should be downloadable from government websites and potential carer’s are able to apply online. Carers UK is another particularly helpful source of advice and information for those considering or actually caring for others.	<urn:uuid:15e54ae8-608a-4e1a-af65-06121df8b464>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://retirementexpert.co.uk/faq-claiming-a-carers-allowance/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz	en	0.946257	886	2.234375	2
In Grad School, we talked about Old Dead White Guys. It was short hand for the fact that the vast majority of books that we read were by white males who were distinctly older when the author’s picture was taken and who, by the time most people read them, were dead. They were typically from the upper reaches of society in terms of wealth, power or connections. There’s an older more direct way to put it: the victors write the history. There are many problems with this. Even the proverbial Capitalist Pig would pick up on the obvious: white males just are not that big a slice of humanity. There’s a reality gap here… Business opportunity! Everyone else missed it! Woot! And he would then rush off to plan his conglomerate’s next subsidiary. In less greedy terms, the brilliance of the vast majority of humanity has, until relatively recently, been effectively invisible. When I went to school, the old story was still holding on: the heroic Christopher Columbus and the ensuing wars to defend white settlers against attacks by Indians. Christopher Columbus was the proto-American who raised a fortune in royal venture capital and came in peace to the new world and, before his company tragically failed, hosted the world’s first series of international trade exhibitions at the Spanish Court. That story changes significantly when you look at from the other side. When Europeans arrived, governments and countries had existed in the Americas for more than a Millennia. The Americans connected the continent with trade routes: international trade, particularly in luxury items, was old hat. The same thing is clear in religion, astronomy and so on through many areas: the Americas developed societies and cultures comparable to those in every other part of the world. Those who followed Columbus invaded, conquered and destroyed hundreds of countries; destroyed much of the knowledge and thought discovered and developed over millennia by those original Americans; and through disease and warfare killed almost all of the original Americans. Because we now talk about both sides of the story of Europeans arriving in America, it’s certainly become unfashionable to celebrate Christopher Columbus. He’s come to symbolize what happens when we only care about the story the victors tell, how we forget the rest. It’s said that those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat it. What happened in the Americas, is not some cultural equivalent of evolution through survival of the fittest. It’s the forgetting of art, thought, belief and very lives of the vanquished. There is no better way to guarantee history will not be known than to disappear it and destroy it. We discovered another part of our collective soul and then systematically destroyed it. Christopher Columbus lead Europe into the Americas and we made him into the ultimate Old Dead White Guy. We even named a day after him. Perhaps, instead of forgetting him, we should remember him. He is the beginning of one the greatest examples of what we loose when everyone but the victor is disappeared, destroyed and forgotten. Christopher Columbus is the ultimate accidental anti-hero. Instead of forgetting him from the holidays, we could tweak the name of the holiday. We need to a bit of anti-memorium and a hint of anti-lesson. We could do that just by adding to the name: Columbus was an Old Dead White Guy Day.	<urn:uuid:44223adc-28c9-42bc-9dcd-bcb585e69371>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://4til7.com/tag/history/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.964566	686	2.546875	3
There are a lot of reasons why a student should compose a research paper for sale. To begin with, writing a research paper can be an effective way of presenting people’ ideas and knowledge to other people. It provides the notion for a subject and makes it far more clear how the writer comes to the conclusions that he or she does. When a person writes a research paper available, he or she should think about these three main functions: The first purpose of research papers available online is for students to gain some expertise. Normally, missions are brief and don't have a lot of time to prepare. This usually means that there is a greater prospect of missing any important info. To be able to get around this, assignments often include quizzes or other evaluations that could help test the student's سيره ذاتيه بالانجليزي knowledge. When that is done, the student has a better comprehension of what he or she wants to understand about the topic. Second, writing a research paper for sale on the internet is also beneficial since it enables the author to use secondary sources. Secondary sources are those existing in the writer's own experience. By way of instance, if a writer has obtained a course in political science, she may need to be sure to include quotations from political characters who had a massive influence on her education. These secondary resources can frequently make a difference if a writer is reviewing an assignment and has to cite a specific source. Finally, research papers for sale help authors gain valuable experience and build a portfolio. As students complete their homework, they should send them for their professors to add their work within their course's bibliography. In addition to earning extra credit, they might also find a job within the field of learning. Writers should remember a research paper available isn't the same as a medical research paper, which requires comprehensive research and coverage so as to qualify. It's ideal to begin writing a medical research paper with one focus in mind, and also to continue that focus during the project. Another benefit to writing research papers available is that authors aren't limited to using their own words. They should also be sure that you use appropriate quotations and properly cite all primary sources. When writing assignments, it's very important to not forget that there is not any such thing as plagiarism. The best way to prevent plagiarism is to investigate the subject thoroughly and then to have somebody else proofread and edit your work for plagiarism. This will make sure that your assignment is free from any potential plagiarism. Additionally, writing research papers for sale should always include references and should clearly identify who's quoting the content and the reason why they are saying it. Writing research papers available is simple once the writer fully understands how it needs to be written. When it comes to finishing a term paper or mission, every mission differs. But, all duties are high quality and require careful study and citation in order to be qualified for every single college research paper for sale. Writing each assignment should include citations and needs to be written in a suitable way.	<urn:uuid:08c90a4e-db92-4e6b-bef4-fa9fcb78abb5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://vivezene.ba/the-benefits-of-writing-research-papers-for-sale/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.970762	627	1.773438	2
But public order will not disappear along with the executioner; never believe that. The vault of future society will not collapse for lack of that monstrous keystone. Civilisation is no more than a series of transformations. So what is it you are about to witness? The transformation of the system of punishment. The gentle law of Christ will finally penetrate thee penal code and extend its influence across it. Crime will be seen as a disease, and this disease will have doctors instead of judges, hospitals instead of penal colonies. Liberty and health will be the same thing. Balm and oil will be poured on where once steel and fire were applied. The evil that was treated with charity. It will be simple and sublime. The cross in place of the gallows. That is all. Preface to Victor Hugo's The Last Day of a Condemned Man. Just started this today, it is written as a diary of a prisoner preparing for his execution - and a plea for the abolition of the death penalty, equally as relevant today as when it was written - 1829.	<urn:uuid:607813ab-c8ed-49b0-a3a7-bf3dcd3e9003>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://drawnfromstillwater.blogspot.com/2011/09/last-day-of-condemned-man.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.973477	217	1.617188	2
World`s first Eco-Friendly Energy Generating Integrated Solar Roof HYDERABAD, India, April 23, 2021 /PRNewswire/ — Visaka Industries Limited has been granted patent for its product ‘ATUM’ Solar Roof by the South African Patent Office, which is valid for 20 years. The patent has been granted for the invention titled ‘Eco-Friendly Energy Generating Roofs.’ ATUM is a unique roof that generates electricity. It is a completely integrated, seamless solar roof made with poly or mono-crystalline solar cells and cement boards – a highly durable roofing material making it world’s first solar panel which can be directly used as a roof. The patent from the South African Patent Office paves the way for the introduction of ATUM in South Africa and other African countries. South Africa, due to its geographic location, receives large amounts of solar energy. South Africa first introduced the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (REI4P) in 2011. The goal of the REI4P is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while minimizing the country’s reliance on non-renewable energy sources. South Africa is also a member of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), an international organization that promotes renewable energy policies. South Africa has the largest solar market on the African continent. ATUM, in South Africa, has the potential to drive this market and open it to multiple power generators, wholesalers and retailers. An integrated, solar energy generating roof like ATUM can enable distributed microgrids which is the need of the hour in South Africa, and which will increase the pace of adoption of solar energy in the country. With the number of unelectrified in South Africa, and elsewhere in the continent, the adoption of solar could be a gamechanger. ATUM secured the prestigious UL Certification as per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards. ATUM has also been certified by Campbell Corporation, to take a uniform load of 780 lbs per sqft, a snow load of 2200 lbs, and the jointing mechanism is a patented leak proof system as per American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standards. It is a roof which is class A fire rated and designed to take wind speeds of over 150kmph making it hurricane proof. ATUM uses GreenPro Certified material which makes it a highly sustainable, reliable, and safe solar roof. ATUM does not need any roof underlay like many conventional solar tiles available in the market, it is a standalone roof. As a roof it has mechanical properties which are far superior to tiles/ shingles/conventional panels. ATUM provides 20-40% higher capacity in a given area which makes it a go to product for utilising the roof area for generating solar power. It also generates 20- 40% more power compared to the traditional solar roofs. Atum also looks aesthetically appealing and gives an additional floor space which is not possible with the traditional systems. This makes the ROI with ATUM less than 4 years and a highly attractable investment. Therefore, a consumer can expect to break-even in less than 4 years and enjoy free power for the next 25 years. Compared to a conventional rooftop, which has a lifespan of 15 years, ATUM has a lifespan of 30 years. ATUM has been successfully installed across many locations in India including Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Mumbai (Maharashtra), and Hyderabad (Telangana) and in Sharjah, UAE. Speaking about achieving this milestone, Mr. Vamsi Krishna Gaddam, Joint Managing Director, Visaka Industries Ltd, said, “We had filed for the patent in September 2020, and we are proud to have received the patent for ATUM – the world’s first integrated solar roof – from the South African Patent Office. The patent further reinforces our faith in this unique product which is bringing about a quiet revolution in the renewable energy sector. Today, we have a true “Made in India” product which is being recognized and lauded all over the world. ATUM is the world`s first Eco-Friendly Energy Generating Roof and further strengthens our vision to innovate, focus on sustainable and green technologies.” While granting the patent to ATUM, the South Africa Patent Office commented that “Present invention relates to the field of Building Integrated Solar systems that help in generating electricity. It is a solar board that can be used as a roof, facade, or other building applications. It also relates to a method of preparing, designing, and producing the Solar Cement Boards by integrating the Cement boards with that of solar panels to form an envisaged single entity. The Solar Cement Board SCB comprises a plurality of Solar energy capturing components like Photo Voltaic (PV) cells or the like, sandwiched over specially treated Fibre cement board or the likes. This is ultimately a unique integrated solar product.” It is to be noted that Visaka Industries Limited received the patent for ATUM from the India Patent Office in September 2020. About Visaka Industries Ltd. Established in 1981, Visaka Industries Ltd. (NSE: VISAKAIND, BSE: VISAKAIND) is the second-largest manufacturer of cement roofing sheets in the country. The company has multiple product portfolios ranging from corrugated cement sheets, fibre cement boards, hybrid solar roofs, and manmade yarn. Visaka also manufactures and is a global supplier of its Wonder Yarn, a manmade spool that has carved a niche for various fabric applications across garments, apparel, furnishings, automotive fabrics, and other technical textiles. Visaka has 12 manufacturing units, 13 marketing offices, and a PAN India distribution channel of over 7000 dealer outlets. For more information please visit – https://www.visaka.co/ For further media queries, please contact: Visaka Industries Ltd. +91 70320 53953 The Good Edge +91 96766 78699 The content is by PR NewsWire. DKODING Media is not responsible for the content provided or any links related to this content. DKODING Media is not responsible for the correctness, topicality or the quality of the content.	<urn:uuid:47760321-d99e-48f5-98a4-b8b4e5803ad6>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.dkoding.in/press-release/visaka-industries-ltd-is-granted-patent-rights-for-atum-by-the-south-african-patent-office/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.931309	1,334	2.265625	2
A healthy garden invariably attracts visitors, whether human, bird or animal. Most are a welcome sight – it is always delightful to pause and watch a bluetongue lizard basking in the sun or honeyeaters indulging in grevillea flowers. Yet other furry and feathered visitors are not always so welcome. How do you keep native critters such as possums and cockatoos from eating or destroying your prize veggies, fruit and flowers? You could apply the science of companion planting, or growing ‘unpleasant-smelling’ deterrent bushes nearby, but unfortunately it’s not always reliable. A scarecrow could be fun, but it might not suit your landscaping and there aren’t too many possums that are scared off by a mere figure of straw! Some gardeners suggest growing so many plants that there is enough for all to share, while the more serious suburban food producers among us are likely to build a walk-in fenced garden using chicken wire or shade cloth attached to a frame covering several beds. Another alternative is to erect nets over parts of the garden. A bed of strawberries will have a better chance at producing enough fruit to make pots of jam if it’s protected from marauding birds, and netting provides an easy cover. However, if you are going to try this, it is important to ensure that you protect the wildlife as well as your plants, since birds and animals can easily become entangled in loose netting. Stretching durable netting over a homemade frame can protect single trees or plants. Most of the materials you’ll need are available from hardware stores and some nurseries. Depending on the size of the job, the frame can be built from timber, metal or polythene pipe, then covered with either bird netting made of mesh (size 40mm or smaller) or 30% ‘blockout’ shade cloth. Or you could hire a professional to do it. Avoid using thin nylon netting material, as it can cause serious injury to flying foxes and birds. Throwing netting loosely over trees can also pose a threat to native wildlife. Always ensure any netting is held away from the tree and stretched taut. In the event that an animal becomes caught in netting, do not attempt to release it yourself. Instead, contact your local wildlife rehabilitation organisation, as their carers have the skills to handle native wildlife and determine whether any further treatment is required.	<urn:uuid:f755d4ba-02c8-4d78-8639-b67eb38c870d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://hugoalexander.com.au/gardening-against-marauders/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.942627	511	3.046875	3
Researcher finds Android zero-day vulnerability impacting Google Pixel 6, Samsung Galaxy S22, and more Android security has come a long way in recent years. The fostering of monthly security patches has kept hundreds of threats at bay, while Google Play Protect is there to bar malware from the Play Store. However, there are still instances where rogue actors can exploit vulnerabilities hidden within in Android’s code for nefarious purposes. Zhenpeng Lin, a security researcher and Northwestern University PhD student, recently discovered such a vulnerability on the Google Pixel 6, and you may be at risk even after installing the latest July 2022 security update. The vulnerability in question affects the kernel portion of Android, allowing the attacker to gain arbitrary read and write access, root privilege, and the authority to disable SELinux. With this kind of privilege escalation, a malicious actor could tamper with the operating system, manipulate built-in security routines, and do a lot more harm. The latest Google Pixel 6 pwned with a 0day in kernel! Achieved arbitrary read/write to escalate privilege and disable SELinux without hijacking control flow. The bug also affects Pixel 6 Pro, other Pixels are not affected 🙂 pic.twitter.com/UsOI3ZbN3L — Zhenpeng Lin (@Markak_) July 5, 2022 While Lin demonstrated the exploit on the Google Pixel 6, a handful of current-gen Android devices are susceptible to this particular zero-day threat, including the Google Pixel 6 Pro and the Samsung Galaxy S22 family. In fact, the vulnerability affects every Android device running Linux kernel version 5.10. The regular Linux kernel is affected as well, according to Lin. Notably, the precise details of the vulnerability have not been publicly released. Lin, however, is set to appear in Black Hat USA 2022 along with two other researchers named Yuhang Wu and Xinyu Xing. As per the brief of their presentation — “Cautious: A New Exploitation Method! No Pipe but as Nasty as Dirty Pipe” — the attack vector is essentially a generalized, yet more powerful version of the infamous Dirty Pipe vulnerability. Furthermore, it can be extended to achieve container escape on Linux too. While Google has already been informed, we have yet to see any public CVE reference for the vulnerability. Given how Google’s security patches work, we might not see this issue addressed until the September patch rolls out. The good news is that it’s not an RCE (remote code execution) that can be exploited without user interaction. In our opinion, it may make sense to hold off installing random apps from non-trusted sources until after the patch is installed.	<urn:uuid:570f9b93-be37-41fe-8749-f26b20b519a4>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.xda-developers.com/pixel-6-galaxy-s22-linux-kernel-vulnerability-root-android/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz	en	0.909053	562	1.828125	2
\|Art for the Very Young By Instructional Fair Staff / School Specialty Publishing From the publisher: Ages 3-6. Real art for young minds! Children create art while learning about basic art concepts and techniques with more than 50 activites. Extend the learning opportunites by viewing and interpreting selected masterpeices by Monet, Seurat, van Gogh, and other. 128 pp.	<urn:uuid:dbda390e-94af-41d7-a149-bc0d20c12394>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://gardenofpraise.com/slideshows/art14slide.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.836111	83	3.640625	4
EYO4922 - Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate \|Grid reference\|\|Centred SE 6010 5160 (29m by 37m)\| \|Unitary Authority\|\|City of York, North Yorkshire\| York Archaeological Trust EXCAVATION Queen's Hotel, 1-9 Micklegate. Excavations in advance of the construction of the hotel including basement car park. The excavations took place following the demolition of the former Queen’s Hotel. Occupation appears to have commenced in the early 2nd century; earliest in the sequence was a ditch cutting into natural clay, which became infilled with organic material which incorporated pottery and leatherworking debris. Nearby were contemporary surface deposits. This phase was followed, in the later 2nd century AD by the building of larger structure of uncertain function, which was demolished in the 3rd century AD. Following demolition the area was levelled up by dumps of clay and rubble and a new structure dating to the mid-late 3rd century AD. The structural remains of this building were very well preserved, with walls surviving to 3.5m high and 2.2m thick. They were pierced by three tile-lined openings, and the interior contained a sequence of opus signinum floors. It has been suggested that this substantial structure is part of late Roman bath-house. This building continued to be used well into the 4th century AD, with a structural alterations including the infilling of the openings taking place c.AD360. At some point after this, the structure was demolished and there was a further levelling phase. A sequence of four burials was inserted into this infill; these all produced Anglian C14 dates. Nearby were a set of regularly spaced post-holes seemingly comprising a 10m long timber structure aligned on the Roman street. A number of pits also cut from the same level containing Anglian sherds. The chronology for the sequence running from the demolition of the Roman structure to the insertion of the pits and burials into the levelling layer remained unclear to the excavators; in the archive report phasing diagram this sequence were ascribed a broad late 4th-9th century AD date. Museum Acc code: 1988-1989.17 RCHME Microfilm Index PRN: 2287. NMR sources: Interim : bulletin of the York Archaeological Trust 13.4/1989/1-12 Interim : bulletin of the York Archaeological Trust 14.1/1989/13-21 Interim : bulletin of the York Archaeological Trust 14.2/1989/3-16 York Archaeological Trust annual report /1989-1990/25-26 - --- SYO115 Unpublished document: YAT archive 1989.17. - --- SYO620 Unpublished document: Environmental Archaeology Unit. 2000. Queens Hotel site 1-9 Micklegate. - --- SYO1899 Unpublished document: 2012. Radio carbon dating 1-9 Micklegate. - --- SYO1900 Report: 2016. Queen's Hotel Osteo-analysis. - --- SYO1901 Article in Journal: 1988-89. Queen's Hotel. - --- SYO1902 Unpublished document: 2016. Exploring the end of Roman York: Queen's Hotel. - --- SYO1793 Unpublished document: YAT. 2015. SW of the Ouse. - --- SYO2214 Digital archive: NMR. 2019. NMR data. - --- SYO2707 Report: Ancient Monuments Lab. Tree ring analysis of oak timber from Queen's Hotel. Related Monuments/Buildings (2) Child/subsequent Site Events/Activities (9) - EYO2326 Queen's Hotel, 1-9 Micklegate: natural (Ref: 1989.17) - EYO2327 Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate: Roman (early) (Ref: 1989.17) - EYO2328 Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate: Anglo-Scandinavian (Ref: 1989.17) - EYO2329 Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate: Roman (later) (Ref: 1989.17) - EYO2330 Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate: Anglian (Ref: 1989.17) - EYO2331 Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate: Anglo-Scandinavian (Ref: 1989.17) - EYO2332 Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate: medieval (Ref: 1989.17) - EYO2333 Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate: Anglo-Scandinavian (Ref: 1989.17) - EYO2334 Queen's Hotel 1-9 Micklegate: medieval (Ref: 1989.17) Record last edited Nov 3 2021 4:25PM	<urn:uuid:c4341684-2ad1-4a1d-b16f-603186465b6e>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://her.york.gov.uk/Event/EYO4922	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.893603	1,066	1.960938	2
One possibility outlined by acting Solicitor General Jeffrey Wall, Trump’s top Supreme Court lawyer, is that Trump might try to leave out of the count people who are in immigration detention or those who have been ordered to leave the country. But under questioning from Justice Elena Kagan, Wall would not rule out larger categories of immigrants, including those who have protection from deportation under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals programs. “We can’t be certain at this point, and we don’t know what the president will decide to do with respect to that,” Wall said. Justice Amy Coney Barrett was among several members of the court who said the administration’s argument for broad discretion in deciding whom to exclude is troublesome because “a lot of the historical evidence and long-standing practice really cuts against your position.” The court decided to hear the case on a fast track, based on the administration’s plea for a decision by early January, when Trump is required by law to transmit census numbers to Congress. The Census Bureau is supposed to send the data to Trump by Dec. 31. But Wall told the court Monday, “We are not currently on pace to send the report to the president by the year-end statutory deadline.” He said census officials told him they hope some data is available in January. A delay of even three weeks would mean the Census Bureau would turn in the numbers to a new president. President-elect Joe Biden takes office Jan. 20. Several conservative justices suggested the better course for the court would be to avoid ruling immediately on lawsuits filed by New York and other Democratic-led states as well as immigration advocates because Trump’s intentions are speculative at this point. “Mr. Ho, if the additional information would be beneficial in a few weeks, wouldn’t it be beneficial to actually resolving this case? As the questioning seems to suggest, there’s some difficulty in assessing exactly what information will be available and what that information will be,” Justice Clarence Thomas said to Dale Ho, the American Civil Liberties Union lawyer representing immigration groups. The court could simply sit on the case in front of it to see what happens or dismiss it as premature. The second option would allow Trump to move forward with his plan and lead inevitably to a new lawsuit. Trump has a mixed record at the high court on immigration. The justices upheld his ban on travel to the U.S. by residents of some largely Muslim countries. But the court shot down his attempt to end the DACA program and blocked his bid to add a citizenship question to the census for the first time in 70 years.	<urn:uuid:8f1c96c3-ffec-4311-aa60-a9d6e8689ded>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/supreme-court-seems-skeptical-of-trumps-census-plan/SRIZZTQQGRDWNBGA4V6UFZINCM/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz	en	0.972684	551	1.523438	2
In a world dominated by social media, we have all become used to the idea that nothing is sacred or forgotten. Nothing we have typed out online can fully be erased and, through our many devices, our whereabouts are rarely in question. With the rise of apps like Find My Friends, which comes standard on all iPhones, we need to realize the benefit of having a little privacy in our lives. We hear friends ask each other all the time to share their locations with each other, almost as if it is some sacred step in the relationship. This question, however, is really strange when you think about it. Can you imagine asking someone to know where they are at all times? If we do ask this, it might seem unclear whether we want to be better friends with the person or we want to kidnap them. The practice of sharing your location with so many people would seem undeniably creepy in any other period of human existence. That being said, it is OK to deny your friend or your significant other your location at all times. Without sharing your location, you allow natural trust to build, especially in a romantic relationship. As an adult, no one needs to know where you are at all times. If a significant other cannot trust you enough that he or she has to literally track where you are going, it could be the sign of a toxic relationship. Similarly, parents will track their kids’ phones as well, especially in high school or early in college — our early independent years. While parents have good intentions most of the time, kids who are being tracked by them 24/7 cannot possibly mature enough to live on their own. Being in college is for us to learn to live on our own and transition into adulthood. An integral part of that is not having someone look over your shoulder all the time. In fact, this time in our lives is designed for the exact opposite. Of course, there are some outlier situations where sharing your location can be beneficial. If one of your friends is lost from the group or you can’t find them, obviously having their location is a big help. These are primarily safety concerns. Not only are these situations rare, but they also show the potential faults in location sharing. Locations can take a while to buffer and update, meaning that you could go to the location your friend’s phone says, but they could already be a mile down the road. Location sharing is only sparingly accurate and, if you’re on the move, it is always lagging behind, rendering it almost completely ineffective. Location sharing can also limit our communication skills and patience, two practices that are already reduced by our excessive social media use. For example, a common reason for location sharing among friends is to see whether their roommates are home, instead of simply knocking on their door or calling them. When waiting for a friend to arrive, people will check their locations even though a phone call would be just as fast with the added touch of actual human conversation. Another solution for the tardy friend is to just, you know, wait a few minutes. Even in today’s age where we have everything we need right at our fingertips, there are moments when it’s necessary to take a step back. No matter how much you love someone or someone loves you, sharing your locations with them at any given time is not only unnecessary but also, quite frankly, excessive and creepy.	<urn:uuid:bdc7ebc1-5709-4a1c-a459-d1250521b7c9>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://baylorlariat.com/2019/04/17/sharing-your-location-can-be-creepy/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz	en	0.972953	695	1.765625	2
An inventor's romantic proposal idea has come to happy fruition. It took months of work, but Ben Kokes crafted an engagement ring for his girlfriend, Julie, that would light up from within — but only after he put it on her finger and took her by the hand. (First, for those who can't stand the suspense, don't worry: She said yes, and she loves it.) The idea of a ring that glows when he's near it occurred to Kokes a while back, but the actual design wasn't finalized until January. He spent the next few months slipping away to a nearby machine shop to work on the ring, which he code-named "Project Longhaul" — though it wasn't easy to escape his girlfriend, who also enjoys building things. "She kinda likes this kind of thing, so it was tough making excuses for why I was going to the shop all the time," Kokes told NBC News in a phone interview. At last, the moment came. "I took her hiking — we live in San Francisco, and the plan was to propose at dusk on top of one of the hills." Unfortunately, it was cloudy, which will surprise few residents — but once they were safe from the elements, the proposal went ahead anyway, and it wasn't long before Kokes was able to put the ring where it belonged. Then he moved his hand closer — "the range is really small, only about 3 or 4 inches," he explained — and the hidden LED came on and lit the stones, to his financee's delight. How did he do it? Wrapped within the interior of the ring was a coil of copper, which any electrical engineer will tell you generates a current when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. To supply the field, Kokes built a wrist-mounted device that he could wear and easily conceal, as well as surreptitiously activate when the time came. It worked like a charm for its moment of glory — and broke the next day. In fact, it was no easy task to put the whole thing together, even though it turned out just fine in the end. The ring is made from titanium, which is extremely hard and not easy to work with, and affixing the stones to the interior had to be done with a temporary epoxy rather than a permanent mechanical solution. And a slight miscalculation made the ring a fraction of a millimeter too tight for his fiancee's finger. But he's working on the replacement. The first may have taken months to design and test, but now Kokes says he could probably put together a new one in just a few days. And since he documented the whole process online, others can give it a shot too. "Anyone with some reasonable shop experience could do it," he said, but they should be prepared for failure: Kokes himself destroyed quite a few rings during testing, and expects to lose a few more. What's next for the inventor? He works at a company that makes accelerometers, the sensors that tell your devices which way they're facing and how they're moving, and has been toying around with putting them inside footballs. When thrown, the smart ball sends info back to an app he wrote, where it can be analyzed to give suggestions on throwing style. He expects to have the football working by the end of the year, which is about when the couple expects the wedding to be — the ring, of course, will be done then as well. It was a lot of work and there's still lots to do — was it worth it? "Hell yeah!" said Kokes. "Absolutely." Devin Coldewey is a contributing writer for NBC News Digital. His personal website is coldewey.cc.	<urn:uuid:dde8a198-ca0e-420c-9032-aa67bd7d03c2>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.nbcnews.com/technolog/light-my-life-homemade-engagement-ring-glows-when-fiance-near-6C10036898	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz	en	0.989654	775	1.84375	2
ME-301 / 4 credits Teacher: Mulleners Karen Ann J Theoretical and practical course on experimental techniques for observation and measurement of physical variables such as force, strain, temperature, flow velocity, structural deformation and vibrations, etc. This is a theoretical and practical course on the use of various experimental techniques related to mechanical engineering. The physical background, practical implementation, and limitations of common measurement methods will be taught through video lecture by various lecturers. The theoretical knowledge will be put in practice through independent group projects where students pick a topic and a question, design experiments, and measure different physical quantities such as force, strain, temperature, flow velocity, structural deformation and vibrations, etc. to solve their question. measurement techniques, data processing, experimental design, sensors Important concepts to start the course Basic understanding in: - fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer - electrical engineering / electronics - numerical data analysis and processing By the end of the course, the student must be able to: - Carry out an experimental modal analysis of a real structure, S4 - Characterize experimentally the steady-state or dynamic response of solids, fluids S11 - Quantify the temperature, pressure, flow and composition of a fluid E24 - Propose mechanical tests for the characterization of biologic tissues and fluids B6 - Identify a dynamic system using experimental data A6 - Integrate similarity laws and their use for dimensioning an experimental testbed AH23 - Describe the technics used to measure physical flow quantities; choose the appropriate technic to measure to a desired accuracy AH24 - Set objectives and design an action plan to reach those objectives. - Use a work methodology appropriate to the task. - Demonstrate a capacity for creativity. - Continue to work through difficulties or initial failure to find optimal solutions. - Write a scientific or technical report. - Collect data. The physical background and working principles of various measurement techniques will be taught through video lecture by various lecturers. This knowledge will then be put into practice in the form of independent group projects. Students will pick a topic and they will be guided to systematically find answers by applying different measurement techniques they select. Support will be provided by teaching assistants during practice sessions. Final written exam (40%) Scientific and technical report (60%) - Holman, J.P. "Experimental Methods for Engineers", https://mech.at.ua/HolmanICS.pdf - Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-0-387-30877-7 - Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-3-540-30299-5 - Organtini, G. Physics Experiments with Arduino and Smartphones. (2021). https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-65140-4 - Digital Signal Processing: An Experimental Approach https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-84800-119-0 Ressources en bibliothèque In the programs - Semester: Spring - Exam form: Oral (summer session) - Subject examined: Measurement techniques - Lecture: 1 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks - Practical work: 3 Hour(s) per week x 14 weeks	<urn:uuid:80f87cc7-d4e5-4fa6-b2f4-f48d1bb7d2c3>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://edu.epfl.ch/coursebook/en/measurement-techniques-ME-301	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.8068	877	2.8125	3
Twitter’s trying out another way to improve tweet discovery in the app, with a test of a new topics bar above the main tweet timeline, providing a quick link to real-time discussions in the app. As you can see in this example, posted by user Chloe Korzh (and shared by Matt Navarra), the new topic listings appear in bubble tabs above your main feed, which provides an easy way to tap through and immediately connect to the latest discussions on a given subject. Those topics would presumably be linked back to your tweet activity, which, ideally, could get more people more involved in expanded discussion in the app, and help Twitter maximize engagement. Which has been a key focus for the app over the past few years, with Twitter also adding in Topics that you can follow, in addition to individual users, inserting curated, topical tweets into your main feed, along with Communities to facilitate more specific, topic-focused discussion. Content discovery has long been a challenge for Twitter, and is one of the most-cited reasons why new users don’t stick around. Twitter’s algorithmic timeline has helped to improve user engagement, by highlighting the most interesting, engaging tweets in-feed, with topics being the logical expansion of this, providing more tweets on your key areas of interest to keep you exploring and engaging more often, maximizing usage. Though the results, in this sense, do vary. I personally don’t find Twitter’s topic recommendations to be anywhere near my actual interests, while in Twitter Spaces, its audio social platform, the Spaces chats highlighted in the dedicated tab are always massively varied and never aligned with what I want to tune into. It seems Twitter still has a way to go in determining what each user might be most interested in, and if it can’t get that element right, the addition of topic tabs above the main feed probably won’t have a significant impact. But if it can get it right, and highlight key topics of value to each user, it could be a great way to connect people into real-time, trending discussions of interest. It’s a big ‘if’, but it is possible that this could be a good way to boost overall tweet engagement. We’ve asked Twitter for more information on the test and we’ll update this post if/when we hear back.	<urn:uuid:478fb894-f7d9-43e4-80f7-188d21361afa>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://imtips.review/twitter-tests-new-topics-bar-above-the-main-timeline-to-highlight-relevant-discussions/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.921744	493	1.515625	2

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.