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What Makes "Boarding Schools" a Boarding School?
Boarding school is a special and unique place. Based on Oxford Dictionary, a boarding school is a school where students reside during the semester. Boarding school students will live in the school area and can’t go home like ordinary students. If normal students can go home after they finish school, boarding school students only can come back home on long holidays, national holidays, or important dates depending on the school’s policies. They spend almost every day in the school area with their friends and teachers.
Every boarding school has its own rules and regulations about room management, school curriculum, meals schedule, and other things. For example, a boarding school in Indonesia, Del Senior High School, only allows their students to go outside on weekends until 6 PM. The students managed to be together with 4 – 6 people in a room. They have many schedules for a day, such as cleaning the dorm at 5 AM, going to school at 7 AM, extracurricular at 5 PM, self-learning at 7 PM, and so on.
The boarding school students can’t go home as often as ordinary students. Thus, they need to manage everything by themselves besides regulated things. This condition could push them to be independent and have time-management ability. Since the school has regulations related to students’ routines, they could learn the time-blocked system and structured habits. The exclusive thing about being a boarding school student is friends. Friends are their mother, tutor, entertainment, story listener, and so on because they spend almost all their time with their friends. Mostly, the teachers and students have a special bonding since teachers are their parents and older people at boarding school. Therefore, it’s normal to find that students and teachers joke with each other, but still with politeness.
Based on several boarding school alumni experiences, they created many stories, such as exciting, sad, scary, humorous, and memorable. Since they lived together in a school dormitory, they didn’t have any television or smartphone to amuse themselves. Thus, they would watch a movie with their classmates and homeroom teacher. They would stay until 11 PM at the classroom to have dinner together, play games, watch movies, etc. The cleanness and neatness of the dormitory are on their hand so that they would have a schedule and task distribution to clean up their dorm. This routine grows the students’ self-awareness about cleanliness and teamwork.
Their friends are their tutors. This phrase best describes the condition in which they studied together until late at night for exams and helped each other on that subjects. The boarding school alumni said that they would have snacks to make them stay up until late at night. Several of them even needed to smuggle coffee because it’s prohibited. They had many tricks to make a cup of coffee secretly at their dorm. Moreover, a few students brew the coffee at the clothesline. This situation encourages them to study. Even though they aren’t in the mood for studying, they still can get knowledge by listening to their friends or asking questions to their friends. Compactness and collaboration are highlighted here.
Stories are common to be told from mouth to mouth among the students. Many stories would be circulated among them, such as funny, touching, fruitful, and horror stories. There was a story about a ghost in a room that always disturb the room occupants at night. Based on the story that spread among the students, the ghost afflicted occupant when she is sleeping. Not only about horror, but stories about fights and struggles used to be discussed, such as seniors’ achievements or friends’ grapple to achieve something.
A simple activity called Ngorbit among them is one of the best activities that only can be found in the dorm. Norbit is a designation for a walk around the school. They used to walk around together with their friends or even alone to have fun, kill time, share stories, and think about everything. They could do that as the school’s environment is still shady and leafy. Ngorbit could be the best activity used for “dating” as well.
Studying as a boarding school student is just amazing. It makes us experience many new things. “From those years in boarding school, we learn how to appreciate small things. There weren’t many things that you could see from that school, but there were many small things that could make us happy. Before I entered boarding school, I didn’t know that walking around the school could be that exciting. Before I entered boarding school, I didn’t know that simple snacks could be delicious and full of togetherness. Before I entered boarding school, I didn’t know that messages on sticky notes from friends, seniors, and juniors could be that precious,” said someone who is an alumnus from Del Senior High School, Indonesia.
Since the students live together in the dorm, they usually share their kinds of stuff. That’s why sharing is everything in boarding school. A person can’t always find everything by itself. However, friends could complete those missing things. For instance, if they don’t have stationaries (pencil, colour pencils, paper, etc.), they could borrow or ask for it from their friends. Finding novels or books is easy for boarding school students. They only need to knock the room besides, then ask for the book they want to borrow. They take sharing for granted because they’re sisters and brothers there. Even though there were fights and quarrels, it made their bond tighter.
The last thing that the students could find when they’re boarding school students is getting to know themselves better. They aren’t with their parents or house. Therefore, it’s a chance for them to dig themselves and get to know more about what they like, dislike, want to do, preferences, etc. There are a lot of opportunities for them to grow, such as competitions, organizations, soft-skills development, time management, social skills, and so on. Thus, the students have to seize that moment to make themselves grow.
Historical and Connectivity of Boarding Schools
The historical context of boarding schools established these educational institutions as selective, elitist, propounding knowledge on religious grounds. But like two sides of a coin, the viewpoint could be adjusted to unravel how these schools also made possible diversity and cultural integration and put into norm the all-around development of students integral to the conventions of schooling.
Boarding schools first emerged in middle-age Europe and hence British boarding schools set the base and model for most of the world’s prestigious boarding schools. Like the King’s School in Canterbury, England founded in the year 597, these were religious institutions to serve and educate students who would go on to serve as community priests or take up other positions in the church. Later in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, Boarding schools in Europe called public schools were intended for the children of the poor but eventually were replaced by rich paying students.
In other parts of the world, with a focus on ASEAN countries, boarding schools have become popular within the last few decades. One of the prime reasons for the popularity of these schools is the lack of accessibility of quality education in remote areas. Parents are then forced to send their children to boarding schoolsin metropolitan areas. In 1996, the Department of Social, Home Affairs, Education and Culture of Indonesia, as well as the Religion Ministries decided to provide financial aid and transportation for children living in remote areas or so that they could attend boarding schools.
Another important determinant of the spread of boarding schools in Asian countries is the influence of western culture. Boarding schools are an appealing option to many Asian parents because they want to provide their children with a Western-style education while keeping them close to home, also their school curriculum is viewed as a gateway into Western education methods, which differ from the Asian approach. Expatriate Westerners make up a large proportion of the student body at foreign-located boarding schools, hence local Asian students gain exposure to a culture and way of thinking that can help prepare them for college or a career abroad. Satellite boarding schools like Bromsgrove International School Thailand are also beneficial to the government. The country benefits from students’ tertiary education abroad and they reside in their home countries in their formative years.
Boarding schools offer a plethora of tangible benefits like smaller class sizes, more resources, more challenging curriculum, and a diverse range of extracurricular activities. But the choice between a regular day boarding school and a boarding school is not an objective one. It depends on the conditions and environment of the parents and children, their expectations and the resources available to them.
- Education and development – Boarding schools offer smaller class sizes and all-day access to the faculty. This ensures that enough attention is given to every student and their individual learning needs and time is kept in accordance with. Additionally, boarding schools are not limited to a six-hour textbook lesson timetable but extend to a multidisciplinary and multidimensional environment of learning. Students have all their time accounted for and are required to engage in co-curricular activities dispensed to them by the school. In comparison, day schools provide children with the flexibility to manage their day at their disposal. They can opt for extra classes and tuition for additional help in academics and extracurricular activities offered by the school and evening classes for their hobbies.
- Family relationships – For students who do not receive adequate family care or enough time from working parents, they may be able to receive better care and a better quality of life at school than they do at home, which may contribute to their healthy development. Nobody in the family interferes excessively in others’ affairs, and because you see each other less frequently, the time you do spend together is of higher quality. Furthermore, the child is not exposed to any family tension or stress that may be present at home. Living apart from family for years, with only a few visits home, can strain relationships without a strong base. Furthermore, children can experience homesickness, which can have a negative impact on their development in a variety of ways. When a child attends boarding school, parents are less involved in their upbringing. Parents give up many of the decisions they normally make as to what their child is and isn’t allowed to do, and the responsibility falls on someone else’s shoulders.
- Cost – Boarding schools cost significantly more than day schools. Even after considering the above head charges of tuition, boarding, meals, security, health and medical, labs, equipment and facilities etcetera, parents can still save a massive amount of money by enrolling their child in a day school and having them home every night.
- On other factors like inculcation of independence and discipline, socialising and teamwork, boarding schools take an edge over day schools however students in boarding schools are confined to a limited environment and lack touch with the outside world. They compete and thrive within the walls of their campus but may find it difficult to cope outside. Boarding schools may often lack diversity due to high tuition fees and rigorous selection criteria or, on the contrary, have a diverse group of individuals from across states and outside the country, thereby providing exposure to different cultures and fostering inclusivity.
Popular culture portrays an overly enthralling image of boarding schools with dorm life among growing teenagers who are finding their way through a transitory time in their lives in a setting where life-long friends are made. Some students are sent to elitist boarding schools with grandeur social hierarchies, some for magical reasons, a very prominent example being ‘Harry Potter’ and others were initially sent to boarding school as a consequence for acting out.
It is a myth that sending a spoiled child to a boarding school will solve the problem. Those with behavioural issues or deficits may find that boarding school, with the freedom and independence that it grants students, may exacerbate the problem. These are not correctional facilities and therefore shouldn’t be generally viewed as such.
Academic Tutoring and Management Influence on Boarding School
Boarding School Education has become a new form of platform for accessible education for students especially within the sectors of secondary and tertiary education respectively. In its widest sense, a boarding school system is a incredibly intensive form of academic education, where the student is required to live in the settings provided by the school which usually excludes interactions with parents or other students outside of the school for most of the time, to increase the best odds of coping mechanism and school studies orientation.
If the human interaction spectrum of a boarding school is visualized, you may see three clear sectors being ‘teachers’, ‘students’ and ‘studies’; a complete basic foundation of such a school. In this perspective, the teachers being the sole responsible entity who deal with dozens of students at a time coordinating different subject schedules and classroom habits are to be discussed and how these behaviors may have a significant impact on the students at the site.
The main concern of the boarding school is to maximize the time a student (youth) might be spending at home or outside of school with near – constant exposure to studies and academic performances. In this sense, the teachers who would be having the most interaction needs to be well – drilled with children psychology and behavioral control. Particularly in ASEAN Member States where cultural and traditional heritage overshadows societal dialogues, teachers are well – respected and in some cases, honored greatly.
The problem persists where the said teachers do not act appropriately to meet the needs of young children. There are several if not random objectives that may arise from these needs but some of the most prominent ones are –
- Religious Assistance and Respect
- Peer Pressure
- Lack of Exposure to Open Dialogues
- Compromised Classroom
Students in a boarding school may derive from a range of different religious backgrounds which may be directly different or at times have specific arrangements on cultural wear, monthly traditions and religious activities. Teachers from a particular geographic boarding school tend to be more familiar with the dominating religion in that area which may spark difficult commodity for the said student who has a different religion. An example would be religiously important days contradicting tutorials or tests. The teachers are thus required to be culturally linguistic to be able to accommodate the best needs of the students and not favor a comfort solution.
The lack of interaction with different people within a restricted ground makes a student’s behavior and personality traits disorder or at times alter completely. Having constant contact with the same set of people might be pleasing for those who are socially indulging but for a more introverted person, this is quite a nuisance. Cases where the student may feel bullied or harassed might be overlooked by a teacher for numerous reasons such as sexual or gender discrimination, academic performances discoloration and navigating to deliberately isolate a specific group of students or a student for personal objections. The teachers are then required to be extremely alert of these dangerous and sensitive changes that may be taking place sometimes right under the noses.
In cases where the teaching mechanism is strict and does not offer momentum of change, the environment starts to create a harsh and occupied platform for the students to interact with the teacher. For example, a female student at a boarding school may feel hesitant to discuss her health with a male teacher knowingly that the said teacher has had jokes or remarks on other associated topics that had made her uncomfortable before. Other times, the teachers may resort to being explicit and language offensively with the objective of maintaining order of control over the students. This may create an impression of inappropriate identity of the teacher, distancing herself or himself from the students. A lack of friendliness majorly focused on fear and respect might also be subject to this cause. Although in the short term, this might be beneficial for the teacher, in the long term, the student may not have positive feedback or instincts with the experience he or she has had.
Classrooms are also notoriously easy to be victim of compromising by the teacher. A compromise may occur in numerous forms but mostly through a systemic breakdown by the said teacher for specific goals and determinations. An example includes favoring a student who has ties close to the administration of the boarding school by offering the best seat of the room or punishing inappropriately to small flaws with big enlarged descriptions. When a classroom is compromised, it creates a disparity among the students themselves; those who are entitled to ensure the class remains in order out of fear to the teacher and those who are hurtful and resentful to the teacher’s actions. Both of these structures are not healthy for the overall condition of the class and without the teacher’s careful maintenance, may erupt to more complications and problems even towards the teaching mechanism itself.
These factors when add up along with other common aspects of daily life interactions which may seem normal for an outsider, could support more complications. These include eatery and dietary options and management by the school; which may prove a challenge to the student for religious reasons; consuming allergic products and lack of healthy meal plans. Coupled up, teachers at any boarding school surely pack more responsibilities than actually expected or rather demanded for its obvious reasons of more than just teaching. | <urn:uuid:87c298ec-d5ab-40cb-8f12-757e5d4f7463> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ayoacademy.org/boarding-schools-the-youth-community | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.974352 | 3,561 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The Study of Foreign Languages is an interdisciplinary unit directly under the Rector of the University. The study guides learning the languages of English, German and Russian as a continuation of language-based learning from high school. The choice of language belongs to the student’s decision. The lectures are conducted on all faculties of study.
In addition to compulsory courses, SFL also enables students to prepare for international language certificates, opening the door to success in education, work and business such as TOEIC, TOEFL, WiDaF and TFI at all levels.
Information for students:
SJO manager Natalia Dudzińska ul. Traugutta 61a, Room 208 26-600 Radom Tel. 48 363 22 90 w. 55 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org Tuesday – Saturday 8-16
An English team
Language team: German and Russian | <urn:uuid:0d077789-613d-4546-8b9f-7e5f8a2b8ec8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archiwum.wsh.pl/en/study-of-foreign-languages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.756137 | 287 | 1.875 | 2 |
Breathe Deep for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Oxygen is great for a lot of things. Living, for example. But it turns out it also has some significant usefulness in treating hearing loss, specifically sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).
SSNHL is as alarming as it sounds. Individuals can wake up one morning with the complete loss of hearing in one (or if you’re extremely unfortunate, both) ears. It can feel like the sensation of fullness or blockage in the ear. In the US, around 4,000 new cases are diagnosed every year, typically in people between the ages of 30 to 60 years old. The severity and frequency of hearing loss can vary from individual to individual.
While the sudden deafness may be as abrupt as you go to bed with full hearing and wake up with significantly less, for some people it can be a gradual decline in hearing ability over 72 hours. Some may experience tinnitus symptoms preceding the hearing loss, or vertigo and dizziness at the time of the sudden deafness. Doctors can’t always identify what has caused the SSNHL; in fact, an underlying cause is only found in less than 15% of cases. Possible causative factors include:
- Blood vessel blockage
- Viral infection
- Damage to the membranes in the ear
- Autoimmune disease
- Toxicity, such as from certain medications
- Demyelinating disease, such as multiple sclerosis
It is possible for spontaneous recovery – that is, your hearing loss slips back as inexplicably as it slipped away. It’s difficult for researchers to pinpoint the statistics on this as not everyone with SSNHL seek medical care (which they should), but it appears to be between 25 to 65% of cases.
The conventional treatment for SSNHL is high-dose oral steroids, and quick-smart. For the best chance of restoring the hearing loss, or at least part of it, these steroids need to be taken within the first three days of its onset. Those whose hearing loss doesn’t respond well to oral steroids might need to be considered for steroid injections into the ear. In addition to steroids, however, research has also shown promise for a different type of treatment – oxygen.
O2 for SSNHL
While the atmospheric air we breathe – the good stuff – contains about 20% oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen therapy uses 100% oxygen. The therapy is delivered via a number of sessions, typically 20 for SSNHL treatment, in a hyperbaric chamber.
Hyperbaric chambers are probably the most well-known for the role of treating decompression sickness (or “the bends”) as a result of scuba diving. However, hyperbaric oxygen has also shown to be useful for helping to manage severe bacterial infections, or persistent wounds from diabetes or radiation injury that refuse to heal. The supercharged oxygenated blood as a result of your time in a hyperbaric chamber promotes healing and supports your body in fighting infection.
In the case of SSNHL, the additional oxygen provided to your body is thought to help mend any damage to the structures of the inner ear, promoting the restoration of any sudden deafness.
Various studies have demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen therapy as part of a combination treatment with steroids held advantages over conventional SSNHL treatment (steroids alone) in restoring a greater degree of hearing, as well as improving the odds of recovering any hearing.
Even though the exact mechanisms underlying how hyperbaric oxygen therapy work aren’t fully understood, there’s enough evidence for the American Academy of Otolaryngology to recommend its use. For the best results, patients should be treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy alongside steroids within two weeks of the SSNHL onset, but hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be considered as a treatment option even up to 3 months after symptoms begin.
Any unexplained decline to your hearing shouldn’t be ignored. As with many medical conditions, early treatment often results in the best prognosis and better chances of getting back to full health. If you wake up one morning and feel like your hearing in one ear has snuck away like a thief in the night, don’t ignore it. Take a deep breath (of 20% oxygen) and talk to your physician about whether 100% O2 might just be what you need. | <urn:uuid:ba0643b9-80ce-456c-93be-b05726eb1451> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.listen-2-life.com/blog/breathe-deep-for-sudden-sensorineural-hearing-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.949841 | 921 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines
The Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines (CSTAG), developed in 2001 and known as the Virginia Student Threat Assessment Guidelines until 2018, is an evidence-based model for schools to use in conducting threat assessments of students. For information about workshops on threat assessment with Dr. Cornell, go to this website.
The Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines (CSTAG), originally known as the Virginia Student Threat Assessment Guidelines, is an evidence-based model for schools to use in conducting threat assessments in K-12 schools. This model was developed by Dr. Dewey Cornell and colleagues at the University of Virginia in 2001 and has been extensively examined through field tests and controlled studies that demonstrate its utility and effectiveness. CSTAG has been widely adopted by schools in Virginia and nationwide, and was recognized as an evidence-based program by the National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices in 2013. This model is accepted by the Commonwealth of Virginia for use in Virginia schools, but is not equivalent to the general guidelines presented by the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services.
- Our new manual, Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines, updates the original 2006 manual, Guidelines for Responding to Student Threats of Violence. The new manual is now available on Amazon. For large orders and information on training, contact Dr. Cornell
- Forms for conducting school threat assessments are available for download here. Instructions on using the forms are found in the new manual.
- Testimony at Congressional hearing on March 20, 2018 (link to the Cornell Hearing Statement)
- Testimony at Congressional briefing on March 23, 2018 (link to presentation slides)
- Documented effectiveness in field tests and controlled studies
- Studies show lower rates of suspension and racial disparities in suspensions in schools using our model
- Used in thousands of schools throughout the U.S. and Canada
- One-day training for multidisciplinary school teams (pdf)
Dr. Cornell explains what threat assessment is and how it works
(Taken from an interview with 1070 WINA's Morning News with Rick and Jane.)
Although both the FBI and Secret Service reports made a compelling case for student threat assessment, schools had no experience with this approach and there were many questions concerning the practical procedures that should be followed. In response, researchers at the University of Virginia developed a set of guidelines for school administrators to use in responding to a reported student threat of violence. Threat assessment teams are trained in a six-hour workshop that prepares them to use the new 154-page threat assessment manual (Cornell, 2018).
The CSTAG model of threat assessment (pdf) is an approach to violence prevention that emphasizes early attention to problems such as bullying, teasing, and other forms of student conflict before they escalate into violent behavior. School staff members are encouraged to adopt a flexible, problem-solving approach, as distinguished from a more punitive, zero tolerance approach to student misbehavior. As a result of this training, the model is intended to generate broader changes in the nature of staff-student interactions around disciplinary matters and to encourage a more positive school climate in which students feel treated with fairness and respect. Consistent with this goal, a pre-post survey study of 351 school staff members who completed the Virginia workshop found that participants became less anxious about the possibility of a school homicide, more willing to use threat assessment methods to help students resolve conflicts, and less inclined to use a zero tolerance approach (Allen, Cornell, Lorek, & Sheras, 2008). Similar effects were found for principals, psychologists, counselors, social workers, and law enforcement officers.
The guidelines follow a five-step decision-tree. In brief, the first two steps are a triage process in which team members investigate a reported threat and determine whether the threat can be readily resolved as a transient threat that is not a serious threat. Examples of transient threats are jokes or statements made in anger that are expressions of feeling or figures of speech rather than expressions of a genuine intent to harm someone.
Any threat that cannot be clearly identified and resolved as transient is treated as a substantive threat. Substantive threats always require protective action to prevent the threat from being carried out. The remaining three steps guide the team through more extensive assessment and response based on the seriousness of the threat. In the most serious cases, the team conducts a safety evaluation that includes both a law enforcement investigation and a mental health assessment of the student. The culmination of the threat assessment is the development of a safety plan that is designed to address the problem or conflict underlying the threat and prevent the act of violence from taking place. For both transient and substantive threats, there is an emphasis on helping students to resolve conflicts and minimizing the use of zero-tolerance suspensions as a disciplinary response.
Virginia Youth Violence Project, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia
Postal Address: P.O. Box 400270, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4270
Delivery Address: 405 Emmet Street, Charlottesville, VA 22903 | <urn:uuid:218ad75b-73d5-40db-afb5-1e0bee264257> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://education.virginia.edu/faculty-research/centers-labs-projects/research-labs/youth-violence-project/comprehensive-school | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944919 | 1,041 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Oxidative stress often plays a central role in the development of endothelial dysfunction caused by cardiovascular risk factors. Our aim was to examine the effects of acute exercise on the glutathione antioxidant system in lean and obese hypertension. Nineteen obese hypertensive (OH) and 13 lean hypertensive (HYP) adolescents performed a single bout of exercise on a cycle ergometer. Before and after the exercise, oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG, GSH) were determined in blood samples together with those of 18 controls. Acetylphenylhidrazine (APH)-test was used to assess the capacity of glutathione regeneration in erythrocytes. We found significantly higher basal GSSG levels in both patient groups and GSSG/GSH ratio in HYP patients, as compared with the controls (p<0,05). The non-significant basal difference between patient groups reached the level of significance after exercise (p<0,05). Following the APH-test, residual GSH ratio was significantly lower in obese hypertensives than in HYP patients (p<0,05). Moderate exercise exerts distinct effects on the glutathione system in obese and lean hypertension, suggesting that their pathomechanisms might be different. | <urn:uuid:e5335231-fc35-4eab-9385-7485bd04f7ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://orvtudert.ro/index.php/en/content/2006/2006-79-2/akut-fizikai-aktivitas-hatasa-esszencialis-hypertoniaban-szenved-serduelk-glutation-rendszerere-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.939926 | 259 | 1.554688 | 2 |
“Birds of a feather flock together” English Proverb
noun: 1. a number of birds of one kind feeding, resting, or traveling together.
She and her flock are helping us and our flock provide eggs to you this summer. Michael at Broadfork meadows sold me his chickens and we are still coming up short. My CSA loves their eggs!
At any rate, I am thankful for Jessie and her flock. She vends at Main Street Farmer’s market with me (and is President of our Board.) She has been a farmer friend for a while. So seems fitting we should be including her happy flock’s eggs in our buckets! And I wanted all of you to get to meet her via computer if not in person.
Farm News: BOUNTY OF PRODUCE. I will overload the buckets this week….
What’s in the Bucket? Fennel, Daikon, Broccoli ….again?….yeah! green cabbage, Texas sweet onions, green beans, purple and white potatoes, Turnip root and beets.
Intimidated by roots? Shred those roots and saute them up like hash browns. Though fennel is not technically a root, it can act like one! Kraut…you have all you need. Cabbage plus fennel, daikon, onion, broccoli, you choose. Fermenting can be lots of fun. Google that:)
As for me, I will be making all of the above plus the following fennel and broccoli salad….easy and delicious.
Happy Eating. Happy Roots and thanks for buying local food from Circle S Farm. | <urn:uuid:8280d075-0ae0-4f3a-a25b-c2efbc8a6805> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://circlesfarm.net/2022/06/circle-s-farm-delivery-monday-june-27-and-thursday-june-30-msfm-pick-up-wednesday-june-29/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931297 | 354 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Easter. It’s that time of year again when the world slows down just a little, and there is time to pause and ponder on the things of God. He has been around forever, and will be with us even when we are unaware of His presence. He just is, and yet we miss Him, if we do not look for Him, or take a little time to listen for Him.
There is more to life than just living, and not everything is as it seems. There is a mystery at play, a mystery in full view, if we were to pause, to ponder and to perceive.
Easter time is a good time to ponder on The Great Story of God, the story of righteousness, redemption and restoration, and all things good. And for that we need to look at the cross, and the finished work of Jesus Christ.
The cross is a place of brutal suffering – where Jesus was lashed with a whip of seven tails, that tore and ripped the skin off his body; where a crown of thorns mockingly pierced the flesh of his skull. And so when we are in pain and suffering – God knows.
He was nailed to a wooden cross and crucified by a people that was called to be His own.
And so when we are betrayed – God knows.
The cross is a place of sacrifice – where God deemed it fit for His Son to die for the sake of mankind, – that is you and me. And so when we sacrifice for the sake of others – God knows.
The cross is a place of rejection. He was rejected by man, and abandoned by God.
And so when we are rejected, abandoned and all alone – God knows.
As the song goes “Like a rose trampled on the ground, He took the fall and thought of me above all”
The cross where the significance of self and its sin, melts into the sacrificed life of Christ Jesus, that makes us acceptable, and worthy, and beautiful before a Holy God.
The cross, is a place of salvation – where forgiveness is given, but so often not received, because we do not ask for forgiveness from God, from others, even from ourselves and are hard-pressed to give forgiveness to those who have done us wrong.
So often are we pre-occupied with only ourselves, and don’t listen or ask after the promises, and the ways of God.
The cross, is pivotal to the story of God, and to history itself.
The cross is a place of death, and death has to be breached, so that new life can begin. The cross is a place of life – the place where heaven opens and righteousness and restoration happens. The veil is lifted between earth and heaven – and so He opens the way, for those who choose to believe in God and in His story.
Jesus died, and rose again. The miracle of all the ages. He is the resurrection to the new life, the new creation, through a new covenant – a covenant of the heart !
And the new creation is what it is all about ! He is the beginning of our story, and He is the end of our story. But it is not the final end, for if we receive His invitation to heaven, and ask Him to come and live in our hearts today, we join Him, and reign with Him in His resurrected life, and continue into the new creation that is coming. A new beginning – a new story !!
So take time to ponder the old old story of Jesus and His cross, and accept His invitation today to real life, life bought by His sacrifice and His blood, and by His love, for mankind, that is you and me, to shine before God.
John 14:6 Jesus said to him ” I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.”
This Easter, pause to ponder, and to pray … Lord Jesus Christ, forgive me for going my own way, and not following You. Thank you for dying in my place. Please come into my heart, and live Your life through me. Thank You for the precious and miraculous gift of salvation. Amen.
Easter blessings to all. | <urn:uuid:50f750b1-4fc5-45ac-bb3d-c9958d53cf48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caresafoundation.wordpress.com/tag/significance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968091 | 871 | 1.734375 | 2 |
POCSHN Featured in Communities Magazine
Our article on the vision and work of POCSHN titled "Moving Beyond Diversity Towards Collective Liberation: Weaving the Communities Movement into Intersectional Justice Struggles" is featured in the latest issue of Communities Magazine - Race Class and Privilege. The article offers strategies for politicizing the Communities movement, centering the need for a radical redistribution of land, wealth and power. We're honored to be a part of this prescient collection which seeks to challenge the mainstream cooperative, cohousing, and intentional community movement to grow deeper in its commitments for racial and economic justice. The digital copy of this issue is available for download (free or by donation) here. | <urn:uuid:7fe51cce-8d8a-4b57-9696-b15f2ecae03b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pochousingnetwork.com/single-post/2018/04/03/pocshn-featured-in-communities-magazine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.92331 | 141 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Getting up every now and again around evening time to go to the restroom? This may be the situation. Hypertension might be an indication of a more serious clinical issue in the event that you need to pee much of the time around evening time.
Hypertension, frequently known as hypertension, is connected to an expansion in how much pee created at night, as per a recent report in the diary Hypertension Research. What's the reasoning for this? Accordingly, they need to head to sleep around evening time since they can't oust every one of the abundance salt they eat over the course of the day, say scientists.
At the 2019 yearly gathering of the Japanese Circulation Society, a primer report connected hypertension to evening time restroom visits. Satoshi Konno, MD, the review's creator, noted in an authority explanation that nocturia, or evening time pee, might be an indication of hypertension and overabundance liquid in the body.
As indicated by the American Heart Association, when you eat an inordinate measure of salt, your body moves water into your veins. The Cleveland Clinic prescribes a drawn out way to deal with hypertension. Besides, as certain specialists recommend, you might wind up peeing all the more regularly around midnight accordingly.
Nonetheless, the most well-known reason for nocturia isn't hypertension. You'll find three additional potential justifications for why you're fooling around in the restroom when you could rest beneath.
You pee more oftentimes around evening time than a great many people.
You might have a condition known as evening polyuria that keeps you from getting a decent night's rest without a washroom break. As indicated by an American Society of Nephrology study, "Evening polyuria is an illness where the common day to night extent of pee age is changed. Those with evening polyuria pee in excess of 33% of the time, as per the discoveries. Evening time polyuria can be brought about by different issues, including congestive cardiovascular breakdown, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's sickness, renal infection, and obstructive rest apnea.
Second, how much pee you make in the nights is a lot for your bladder to deal with.
That implies your short-term bladder limit is low. Various elements, including as defilements and aggravations, can add to this desire to purge one's bladder in the nights as often as possible. An overactive bladder or an impeded bladder can likewise deliver a diminished for the time being bladder limit. As per a review distributed in the clinical diary BMJ, numerous people who experience the ill effects of the side effects of nocturia likewise experience the ill effects of evening time polyuria and a low daily bladder limit. As indicated by the aftereffects of the review, patients who experience the ill effects of the two sorts of nocturia are considered to have mixed nocturia.
#3 You aren't getting sufficient rest.
Since they awaken more every now and again than they ought to, certain individuals wind up expecting to pee the entire evening. Despite the fact that they're going to the washroom all the more habitually on the grounds that they're awakening all the more oftentimes, this doesn't matter to their bladder wellbeing. As per Cleveland Clinic, "typically in these conditions, it isn't the desire to void that blends them.
What to do assuming you continue to awaken to pee around midnight.
If you fret because of nocturia, converse with a specialist about the potential reasons for this. It is critical to address difficult circumstances, like disorder. A "fluid and voiding diary" might be mentioned of you. Keeping a log of all that you drink and the times you really want to utilize the restroom can assist your primary care physician with sorting out what's causing your nocturia.
Instead of just recuperating the state, treatment for nocturia might involve tending to the basic ailment that is causing the issue. With hypertension, for instance, your essential consideration doctor might suggest that you watch out for your salt admission or become all the more truly dynamic.
On the off chance that your nocturia isn't brought about by a more serious fundamental ailment, simplifying a couple of way of life changes might help. As per Neil Grafstein, MD, a partner teacher of urology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, scaling back liquor utilization before sleep time might assist with lightening side effects of nocturia.
Furthermore, expanding your water consumption in the first part of the day as opposed to the night might be valuable. At long last, scaling back how much coffee you drink might assist with reducing the side effects of a bladder disease. As disheartening as this might be, there would one say one is splendid spot: maybe as your rest improves, you will not need very as much coffee?
Thanks for reading, please comment, share this article with your friends, and don't forget to follow for more updates like these.
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Zucchini vs Yellow Squash : All Nutritional Differences
Where is more calories, protein, carbs - what is more healthy?
Fact 1: There is More Calories in Zucchini
At first glance, you can see that in zucchini is just a little more calories than in yellow squash.
Zucchini has 17 kcal per 100g and yellow squash 16 kcal per 100g so it is pretty easy to calculate that the difference is about 6%.
In zucchini and in yellow squash most calories came from carbs.
See tables below to compare zucchini with yellow squash in details.
Fact 2: Zucchini And Yellow squash Nutrition Difference
Yellow squash vs Zucchini: Vitamins and Minerals Comparison
|per 100g||Zucchini||Yellow squash|
|Carbohydrates||3.11 g||3.35 g|
|Fat||0.32 g||0.18 g|
|Dietary fiber||1 g||1.1 g|
|Protein||1.21 g||1.21 g|
|Calcium||16 mg||15 mg|
|Iron||0.37 mg||0.35 mg|
|Magnessium||18 mg||17 mg|
|Potassium||261 mg||262 mg|
|Sodium||8 mg||2 mg|
|Vitaminium B1 (Thiamine)||0.045 mg||0.048 mg|
|Vitaminium B2 (riboflavin)||0.094 mg||0.142 mg|
|Vitaminium B3 (Niacin)||0.451 mg||0.487 mg|
|Vitaminium B6||0.163 mg||0.218 mg|
|Vitaminium B9 (Folic acid)||24 mg||0.029 mg|
|Vitaminium C||17.9 mg||17 mg|
|Vitaminium E||0.12 mg||0.12 mg|
|Vitaminium K||4.3 mg||0.003 mg|
The same amount of protein
It is aslo easy to see see that there is the same amount of protein in zucchini and yellow squash - 1.21g/100g.
Less carbohydrates in zucchini
In zucchini is less carbohydrates than in yellow squash.
There is 3.35g/100g of carbohydrates in yellow squash and 3.11g/100g in zucchini so let me do the math for you again - difference is about 8%.
More fat in zucchini
In zucchini is more fats than in yellow squash.
The tables above show us that there is 0.18g/100g of fats in yellow squash and 0.32g/100g in zucchini. In this case difference is about 78%.
- Carbohydrates3.11 g
- Fat0.32 g
- Dietary fiber1 g
- Protein1.21 g
100g | ounce | single piece | cup | sliced
- 62% CARBS.
- 24% PROTEIN
- 14% FAT
Vitamins: yellow squash vs zucchini
- Vitaminium B1 (Thiamine): yellow squash 7% more than zucchini
- Vitaminium B2 (riboflavin): yellow squash 51% more than zucchini
- Vitaminium B3 (Niacin): yellow squash 8% more than zucchini
- Vitaminium B6: yellow squash 34% more than zucchini
- Vitaminium B9 (Folic acid): zucchini 82659% more than yellow squash
- Vitaminium C: zucchini 5% more than yellow squash
- Vitaminium E: yellow squash 0% more than zucchini
- Vitaminium K: zucchini 143233% more than yellow squash
Minerals: zucchini vs yellow squash
Compares of zucchini
- Zucchini vs Asparagus
- Zucchini vs Bamboo Shoots
- Zucchini vs Beetroot
- Zucchini vs Pepper
- Zucchini vs Bok Choy
- Zucchini vs Calabash
- see all compares of zucchini
Compares of yellow squash
- Calories from Zucchini
- Calories of Almonds
- Calories in Buckwheat
- Brazil nuts calories per 100g
- Cashew nuts carbs per 100g
- Chestnuts protein per 100g
- Chia seeds fat per 100g
- How many calories does coconut have?
- Calories in a half of hazelnuts
- Calories in whole hazelnuts
- Calories for one, two or more hazelnuts
- Calories in handful of hazelnuts
- How much protein in macadamia nuts? | <urn:uuid:517a6d2c-9c13-46a2-8a89-d531ba6fff23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://calories-info.com/zucchini-vs-yellow-squash/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.76917 | 1,037 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Australian Wildfires Threaten Sydney
STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:
Vast expanses of Australia's most populous state are engulfed in wildfires. A state of emergency has been declared. Though these fires are in lightly populated areas, the smoke is blanketing the country's biggest city, Sydney, which is where we found reporter Stuart Cohen. Mr. Cohen, welcome to the program.
STUART COHEN: Good morning, Steve.
INSKEEP: So what's it like where you are?
COHEN: Well, as you said, the city itself is pretty safe from the fires, but the smoke has been rolling in for days. At one point there were fires burning to the north, to the south, and to the west of Sydney. So basically Sydney was fenced in by fires. And there's been smoke blowing into the city for days. It's made for some very pretty sunsets and some interesting views of some of the city's icons, the Opera House and the Sydney Harbor Bridge.
But it's caused some very bad air quality and it's been tinkering with the flights at Sydney's airport. There's been some problems with flights going in and out of Sydney's airport. But the smoke has been thick...
INSKEEP: Do you smell it?
COHEN: You can smell smoke inside buildings in downtown Sydney. So yes, it's been over the city for quite a while. The big concern now, obviously, is the air quality. Health authorities are saying that they're expecting calls to doctors and hospitals for respiratory problems to start going up. They say this is the worst air quality the city's had in about four years.
The last time it was this bad there was a big red dust storm that blew in from the west that covered the city for about a day and half. And that was the last time the weather - or the air was this bad.
INSKEEP: Well, let's remind people that this is happening outside the city in wilderness areas or in lightly populated areas. How did the fire start?
COHEN: Well, a lot of the fires started just because of hot weather. The temperatures last Thursday, when most of these fires broke out, were in the 90s. There were winds that were gusting as high as 70 miles an hour. And you've got very dry vegetation. So some of these fires just started naturally.
The downside is, some of these fires were actually arson. One of the fires north of the city was started by an 11-year-old boy who's now been arrested for starting that fire. That one burnt through about 5,000 acres and forced the closure of the airport in New Castle, which is the next town north up the coast from Sydney.
The fires, the biggest fire that's burning in the west, in the Blue Mountains, is thought to have been started by an explosives training exercise by the Australian army. There's an army base out there and they're looking into whether that was caused - that caused this fire. One of the other more destructive fires was actually caused by a downed power line.
But it's been the hot weather and the relentless winds that have really sort of fanned these flames and made them worse.
INSKEEP: Is this normal?
COHEN: Well, yes and no. I mean Australia is prone to fires. It's a very, very arid continent. And you may remember back in January there were fires burning in almost every state as the country had some of its hottest weather ever. But Australia usually has its peak fire season in the middle of summer, which is December and January.
What's different now is that there's been very little, if any, rain around Sydney and much of the state over the past few months, which in spring here is typically Australia's rainy season. And that's left the vegetation unusually dry for this time of year. Leading up to this, it's actually been wetter than usual. So there's a lot more vegetation and now it's drying out and catching fire.
The big worry now is that it's only October, so there are still months and months ahead of the typical fire season.
INSKEEP: Just about 10 seconds. Do people think about climate change at a time like this?
COHEN: Indeed they do. The prime minister has come under fire for being a climate change skeptic. The state government's come under fire for making some cuts to its office that looks after climate change.
And even the U.N. has weighed in on this, saying this is an example of climate change.
INSKEEP: Thanks very much. That's Stuart Cohen in Sydney, Australia, right here on NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | <urn:uuid:3b188d06-0f89-46d7-ab6e-65feb6e96bf3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kuer.org/2013-10-22/australian-wildfires-threaten-sydney | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.986195 | 988 | 2.375 | 2 |
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homework help for middle school students | <urn:uuid:8116b75a-9b69-419d-ab29-1b7018fabf16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://motoinstructor.spb.ru/creative-writing-im-englischunterricht/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.880254 | 2,045 | 1.84375 | 2 |
11 ways to add fiber to your diet
Here are 11 ways to get more fiber in your diet:
Pears: Just one pear gives you 5 grams of fiber. Snack on them out-of-hand or layer onto an almond-butter sandwich.
Raspberries: All those little seeds dotting raspberries are responsible for raspberries' high-fiber content. One cup of these low-calorie, sweet-tart berries gives you 8 grams of fiber.
Oatmeal: Nothing hits the spot on a chilly morning like a steaming bowl of creamy oatmeal. Oats are a great way to get soluble fiber, the kind that can help to lower your cholesterol. Start your day with a cup of cooked oatmeal and you'll get 4 grams of fiber.
Artichokes: With 10 grams of fiber and just 65 calories each, artichokes are a light but filling go-to for dieters.
Green Peas: Frozen peas are a quick and easy way to add vegetables to a meal. And they're particularly high in fiber, with 9 grams per cup.
Whole-Wheat Spaghetti: Replacing regular white pasta with whole wheat will give you more than twice as much fiber -- 6 grams in a cup.
Almonds: One ounce of almonds (24 nuts) gives you 4 grams of fiber. Pair them with an apple or pear for a morning snack and you'll be almost halfway to your daily dose of fiber.
Beans: Beans are one of the best sources of fiber out there: 1 cup gives you 12 to 19 grams of fiber.
Bulgur: Of all the whole grains, cooked bulgur wheat packs the most fiber, with 8 grams per cup.
Winter Squash: A cup of winter squash gives you 6 grams of fiber.
Popcorn: Popcorn counts as a whole grain and has the fiber to prove it.
Three cups gives you 4 grams of fiber for just 90 calories when air-popped.
Don't have an air-popper? Just put 3 tablespoons of popcorn kernels in a paper bag, fold over the top a few times to keep it closed and microwave it until you hear the pops becoming less frequent.
Popeye might have loved his spinach, but it can be tough to get kids (and some adults) to eat the leafy green vegetable. I say, hide it inside a cheesy quesadilla, paired with garlicky sauteed mushrooms.
You don't need any special equipment to make this super-easy recipe, just a hot pan or skillet. Serve with sour cream and/or guacamole and salsa for dipping.
MUSHROOM SPINACH QUESADILLAS
8 ounces button mushrooms
10 ounces fresh spinach
2 tablespoons butter
1 small onion, diced
2 cloves garlic, minced
Salt and pepper, to taste
1 tablespoon vegetable oil
8 10-inch flour tortillas
2 cups Monterey Jack or habanero cheese, shredded
Clean mushrooms with a damp paper towel, remove stems and cut into thin slices.
Place spinach in a large pot of salted boiling water and quickly blanch. Remove and place in a large bowl of icy water. Allow to cool, remove and squeeze out excess water. Roughly chop and set aside.
Melt butter in a skillet over medium heat. Add onion, garlic, mushrooms, salt and pepper. Cook about 5 minutes. Mix in spinach to reheat, then remove from heat and set aside.
In a small skillet, heat oil over medium-low heat. Place 1 tortilla, a layer of cheese, spinach mixture and a little more cheese and top with another tortilla. Press down to adhere both sides and melt cheese, and cook about 3 minutes on each side, until golden brown.
Cut into 4 wedges and serve. Repeat with the rest of the tortillas. | <urn:uuid:cd70682d-ebec-4a33-b6a0-adbbaf619185> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.njherald.com/story/news/2013/02/27/11-ways-to-add-fiber/4004534007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.88148 | 812 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The Trudeau Liberals are promising to create two new arm’s-length bodies to handle billions in federal funds to prod businesses to invest in themselves.
The measures unveiled in the 2022 federal budget would see $15 billion over five years put into a fund designed to alleviate risks for private companies to make it more palatable to spend on research and technology.
The cash for what the Liberals call the “Canada Growth Fund” will come through existing dollars baked into the government’s fiscal framework.
Money would go to companies through loans and equity stakes that the government expects to largely earn back, although some of it may ultimately not flow back to federal coffers.
The fund would be set up over the next year with the first investments expected in the ensuing 12-month period under the projections set out in the budget.
The fund and a sister agency to help commercialize new discoveries add to the handful of arm’s-length agencies the Liberals have created over the years, which experts say have a mixed track record.
One of those agencies, the Canada Infrastructure Bank, received another change to its mandate in Thursday’s budget to allow it to invest in technologies like small modular reactors and carbon capture and storage.
“The current government has tried many different approaches … that the track record is mixed on, on how successful they’ve been in improving Canada’s productivity,” said Randall Bartlett, senior director of Canadian economics at Desjardins.
“It’s another attempt at doing that and I guess the proof of the pudding will be in the tasting, in terms of how good it is.”
Like the infrastructure bank, the Liberals say they expect to reel in $3 in private investment for every $1 in public dollars coming from the growth fund to boost investment in research and development, which has been on a long-term decline relative to GDP.
Robert Asselin, senior vice-president policy with the Business Council of Canada, said the new agencies seem like a step in the right direction to addressing that long-term problem, though there are still details to be worked out.
He said the government should take a sectoral approach to funding, as opposed to one that provides subsidies to firms to make sure the money makes an impact.
“I just hope they don’t get lost in these structures that, as we learned with the infrastructure bank, can become very bureaucratized,” said Asselin, a former Liberal budget director.
The measures in the budget are a shift from what the Liberals promised in the election campaign to create an agency like one housed inside the Pentagon that funds so-called “moon shot” ideas that don’t always pan out.
But a senior government official said at a media briefing the Liberals made a political decision to move away from that model, saying it wouldn’t work for Canada, which has a poorer track record on commercializing scientific discoveries.
—Jordan Press, The Canadian Press | <urn:uuid:c8c06610-0459-430b-89d2-c30f8531cf86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nelsonstar.com/business/budget-2022-liberals-rejig-15b-toward-new-business-investment-fund/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955476 | 620 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Angry Birds game, the first augmented reality has been released for the iPhone and iPad. The game has been developed with Apple’s ARKit technology, a set of tools which allows developers to build games and other apps with the support of augmented reality for smartphones.
With AR, one can physically walk around as structures overlaid onto objects in your environment to find weak elements, identify different angles for the best accuracy, as well as uncover hidden surprises to take on the green pigs, earn more points and unlock more content – Rovio
The new AR version of the game enables players to move around the 3D towers and approach each level from different angles and unique perspectives, the developers say. However, the new Angry Birds AR: Isle of Pigs is the first AR game that Rovio is making that will be accessible to a wider audience as long as you have an iPhone that has iOS 12 on.
The gameplay seems much similar to the VR: Isle of Pigs game that launched out earlier, except players can bring the game into their environment instead of viewing it on a headset.
Given that this year marks the 10th anniversary since the first Angry Birds game has been released, it’s interesting to see the different ways Rovio has been encouraging us to enjoy flinging disgruntled avian creatures around. | <urn:uuid:57a75048-b4c0-487d-9acd-946589c7ea92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techgenyz.com/2019/04/30/angry-bird-ar-game-ios-download/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958713 | 267 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Two steel houses were delivered on the back of a big rig on Jan. 7 to a parking lot in East Palo Alto, one coming all the way from Pueblo, Colorado, and the other from Caldwell, Idaho. They're not exactly ready-to-live-in homes, but in a few weeks, possibly by Valentine's Day or earlier, they can be.
For Pastor Paul Bains, that's just part of the beauty and benefit of modular houses — factory-built homes that come ready-made in sections to be stacked or put together like Lego blocks. One of the newly delivered modular dwellings is a 960-square-foot, three-bedroom house made of three sections; the other is a 640-square-foot, two bedroom home made of two sections.
The big-rig delivery marked a new chapter in the Palo Alto native's 21-year pursuit to address homelessness in the Bay Area.
"My goal has always been to disrupt generational poverty," Bains said. "You do that through education and home ownership, and this makes it much more affordable for people to own their own home."
Bains and his wife, Cheryl, founded East Palo Alto's We Hope nonprofit in 1999, which now operates 100-bed shelters in San Francisco, a 74-bed shelter and Safe Lot RV parking program in East Palo Alto and mobile fleets that provide showers, bathrooms and laundry services in 17 cities, across four counties, according to Bains.
But to address homelessness more directly, a problem made worse by the pandemic, the pastor is venturing into affordable housing development with his new nonprofit, United Hope Builders.
"We cannot solve a homeless problem without having housing, no matter what," he said.
Through a partnership with IndieDwell, an Idaho-based B corporation that manufactures modular housing units, United Hope Builders will construct a roughly 60,000-square-foot factory by leasing 7 acres of the old Romick Environmental Technologies site on Bay Road. The facility will churn out steel modular homes like the two recently delivered to East Palo Alto's RV Safe Lot at 1798 Bay Road.
Prefabricated homes are not a new concept, but they've become an increasingly popular answer to the Bay Area's affordable housing crisis.
In August, as part of San Jose's goal to provide emergency housing for the homeless, the city broke ground on one site that will host more than 100 beds, using modular dwellings that each cost $85,000, according to a report from San Jose Spotlight.
Sand Hill Foundation, the nonprofit arm of Sand Hill Property Company of Palo Alto, purchased the modular units for the San Jose project, Bains said.
As another sign of the demand for modular housing, Factory OS, a 3-year-old Vallejo-based modular housing factory, recently completed 1,000 housing units, according to multiple media reports, and raised $55 million in Series B funding, receiving support from tech and finance corporations such as Facebook, Google and Morgan Stanley.
In September, the company announced that it will open a second facility to meet the demand.
"The floodgates have opened," Bains said. "I'm getting inquiries every single day about this product and people wanting to come see it."
Two of the most attractive reasons for the shift toward modular homes lie in time and cost.
"Modulars can reduce construction expense, but most importantly, reduce (construction) time sometimes by as much as 40%," said Michael Brownrigg, United Hope Builders' chief of staff.
In 2019, the average cost of building affordable housing in the Bay Area was $664,455 per unit. According to the Bay Area Council Economic Institute, an economic and policy think tank, that figure includes construction, land acquisition, materials, labor and legal fees, among other costs, unique to the region.
Brownrigg couldn't yet provide the total price tag for a United Hope Builders modular home, due to some of the uncontrollable variables beyond construction, but he is certain that modular units will cost a "small fraction" of the typical new home.
"Even when you peel all those different expenses away, we're still, we think, much more competitive from a cost point of view," he said.
Construction time is also a big selling point, especially for a region where supply can't meet the demand.
Unlike traditional stick-built homes, modular homes are put together off-site in a factory, without any of the on-site construction delays that might arise from factors like weather.
There are, however, hurdles both generic to any type of affordable housing development and unique to modular housing, Brownrigg said.
"Challenges for all of us in the Bay Area is the availability of land — I'd actually put that as No. 1," he said. "Then, No. 2, just the red tape and cost of building."
One way United Hope Builders wants to address issues of land availability is by targeting "non-traditional landholders" such as the churches and other religious organizations throughout the Bay Area that own often wide-open parking lots. Citing research from U.C. Berkeley's Terner Center for Housing Innovation think tank, Brownrigg claims there are about 5,000 acres of unused land controlled by religious organizations in the Bay Area.
"We think there's an opportunity to work with other mission-aligned people in the Bay Area who want to create great, beautiful, environmentally sound, affordable housing," he said.
And to move through red-tape, Brownrigg said modular units can come already compliant to state code before developers have to put them together.
Specific to modular housing, however, one of the biggest hurdles is facilitating the shift in the housing industry's approach to development, where, traditionally, design decisions such as flooring, windows and appliances are made over a longer period of time rather than early-on as required with modular houses.
A study on modular construction by McKinsey and Company, published in June 2019, found that while modular homes can cut the development schedule by 20% to 50% and construction costs by 20%, "modular projects currently tend to take longer to design than traditional projects" because of the early decision-making process.
"Design decisions need to be made upfront and changes later in the process are both more costly and more difficult," the study said. "The industry is not used to working in this way."
This, as a consequence, also requires larger down payments at the front end, and Brownrigg finds that it can discourage some developers who may rely on low-income housing tax credits to fund an affordable housing project.
Without greater control of the construction process, Brownrigg said, a developer may be nervous to pull tax credits early on since there are very strict deadlines between the moment tax credits are issued and when a tenant moves into the property.
"If (developers) missed the deadline, they put at risk their allocation of future tax credits, which for an affordable housing developer is like an existential threat," he said. "I think we have a solution to that. I think we can find a way to finance that sort of downpayment stage so the affordable housing developer doesn't have to."
To date, United Hope Builders has raised $4 million through foundations and private investors. Some of the largest investors include Anastasia Vournas and Bill Uhrig, who is the owner of Three Cities Research investment firm, and both helped lease the factory site on Bay Road, according to Bains. To get the factory open by the third quarter of this year, the organization will need to raise another $2 million.
With the opening of United Hope's factory, Bains also hopes to bring around 100 jobs to East Palo Alto, where employees will earn equity by owning 20% of the factory.
The organization is projected to produce around 400 homes per year at a minimum for the Bay Area, Bains said.
As for the homes already delivered, two families who are clients of We Hope will be surprised with them in the next few weeks, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony on the site planned on Valentine's Day. | <urn:uuid:0f66a448-a657-4056-9ec9-f85bd7a4ab5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2021/01/29/are-modular-homes-the-answer-to-bay-areas-affordable-housing-demand | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965865 | 1,680 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Unicorns are almost universally associated with girlhood. The desire for the horned creature to be real stems from the same impulse that gives us “horse girls,” sent Robot Unicorn Attack viral, and popularized Lisa Frank. That level of fantasy — those bright colors, that glitter — can only exist free of the responsibilities and monotony of adulthood. Adult women wear suits, take their lives seriously, eat kale, and long for “bikini-ready” bodies. Or so Netflix’s Unicorn Store would have you believe.
The ambition behind Brie Larson’s directorial debut is admirable. Learning to grow up while still being yourself is an endlessly repeatable lesson where movies are concerned, and it’s told less often from the perspective of young women. However, the script, written by Samantha McIntyre (and which Larson actually auditioned for — and failed to get — some years ago), is so intent on embracing the “be yourself” ethos that it exposes the limitations of its own message.
The very first scene of Unicorn Store — a montage of home videos of a precocious child melts into footage of Kit (Larson), now grown, energetically painting the wall — sets the tone for everything that follows. By the end, there’s colorful paint splotched perfectly over her face and clothes, and she finishes off her masterwork by blowing glitter onto the canvas. When she turns around, it’s revealed that she’s in the middle of an art class. Everyone else has painted within the canvas, and has dressed in dark colors in contrast to Kit’s white or rainbow-patterned clothing. Her instructor gives her a failing grade, and disapprovingly shakes his head.
It’s a quick, easy way of communicating Kit’s free spirit, but also the kind of signalling that inherently devalues the characters around her. For better or worse, Unicorn Store feels like a movie made at least a decade too late, plucked from a time before Garden State, before the “manic pixie dream girl” trope was re-evaluated, and before “geek girl vs. cheerleader” was recognized as unnecessarily pitting women against each other. When Kit finally gets a job as an office temp, her female coworkers are either mousy or mean girls, and implicitly derided for their modest ambitions.
Naturally, Kit is meant for more than office work. Multiple colorful envelopes arrive to invite her to “The Store,” where she discovers that her favorite childhood animal, the unicorn, may actually be within her reach. The mysterious Salesman (Larson’s Captain Marvel and Kong: Skull Island co-star Samuel L. Jackson) offers to sell her one — so long as she meets a certain set of conditions, including providing a negativity-free environment and a suitable stable. To have a unicorn, she has to prove that she deserves one.
Though the unicorn may be a fantastical creature, it can’t be everything the film is asking it to be. The creature stands for the promise of companionship, for embracing one’s unique voice, for never letting go of one’s inner child ... and for the compromises necessary in growing up?
In trying to flesh out the characters around Kit — her emotional support camp-running parents (Bradley Whitford and Joan Cusack), her two nice co-workers (Martha MacIsaac and Ryan Hansen) — Unicorn Store is forced to use more colors than the black and white demanded by Kit’s unassailably loud personality. These are characters who have accepted some measure of compromise in their lives, and not necessarily for the worse. To put it differently, adulthood means that no one can monitor how much candy you eat anymore — but if you eat too much, you’ll make yourself sick. The problem is that Unicorn Store is built on a foundation of “all candy, all the time.”
The best parts of the movie are either insufficiently explored (Kit’s sense that she’s a disappointment to her parents, which most of us are familiar with); tertiary (Jackson’s brightly patterned suits); or regrettably male-centric in a movie about a young woman’s coming of age (Hamish Linklater and Mamoudou Athie deliver standout performances as Kit’s creepy boss and the hapless hardware store employee roped into helping her build a stable). On top of it all, the sense that the gung-ho energy Kit projects is not necessarily tenable ends up coming true in the film’s final moments, shattering the film’s own messaging and stranding Larson as a director. There’s no room for her to do anything particularly interesting given how much energy has to be spent just holding the movie together.
Unicorn Store is a movie in which the heroine wears a “girlpower” necklace and asks if she’s pretty enough to be sexually harassed (as if that were the issue with sexual harassment). Perhaps fittingly, it’s stuck in a state of arrested development, striving to tell a story about female empowerment and artistic freedom but using outdated language that is almost incompatible with it. There’s a push and pull that never resolves when it comes to whether it’s Kit or the routine-bound people around her who need to grow up, and ultimately, the magic of Unicorn Store is purely surface-level. The bright colors, tinsel, and glitter that Kit and The Salesman wear can’t stand in for a story; this particular unicorn’s horn is a fake. | <urn:uuid:892ec882-1287-4930-9c36-51263934922c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.polygon.com/2019/4/5/18292729/unicorn-store-review-netflix-brie-larson-samuel-l-jackson | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.94491 | 1,182 | 1.601563 | 2 |
With espionage eyes able to access all kinds of confidential data through our computers and mobile devices, make sure you are taking the necessary steps to secure your personal and official information.
In quest for the tools that can effectively fill in some of the policies of the “NBS’s decision on minimum standards of financial institutions information system management” we have met the Tron-IT, company which,as a general supplier in our market, is introducing the innovation to solve this cruel problem.
It is about Information Rights Management system known as SecloreFileSecure from Seclore.
We still lack in sufficient level of awareness pertaining to various risks and consequences of the loss of highly important data and with that, a large number of solutions to this problem. SecloreFileSecure is one of the most reliable and leading instruments.
One of the biggest security problems in today’s recent information system is unauthorized outflow of information. Corporations are most exposed to this and due to certain complications and often ineffective controls, they have to suffer serious losses, or be exposed to an intense reputational and regulatory risks.
In this contemporary world of networking, it is easier to extract sensitive documents and data comparatively what we have encountered erstwhile. On the other hand, too much control, which often occurs as a response to adverse events, will certainly completely “choke” business collaboration and data exchange, ie. “circulatory flow” of any modern system. The solution to the effective control lies between these two extremes, which is not easy to bring into the practice.
Systems for the information flow monitoring within the company’s IT will successfully restrict access to the groups of employees, which as a result will have a reduced risk of fraudulent activities or accidental loss of data. However, once the reports, databases, or “simple” e-mail communications leave the protected perimeter, it is practically impossible to provide the maintainance of adequate control.
Seclore, through its distributor in Serbia company Tron-IT, decidedly “attacked” this problem and is delivering the solution with its prime creation called SecloreFileSecure. It is about a complete security system whose task is to fully protect the information from the unauthorized and improper use, and to prevent it from getting to the wrong hands. Unlike similar products, SecloreFileSecure will protect the information till its existence, allowing even the control of its destruction.
FileSecure is a product based on the security policies which achieve additional control in relation to the “classic” security system with its extended categories – the “owner” of the information will not only have the authority to decide who will access the information, but also what, where and when one can operate it. In this way, the “fate” of the data in different stages of its use is completely determined. For example, you can specify the option of printing the confidential documents by the delegated persons, but only on defined devices for that within the company. Also, any individual is able to define the specific time frame of each of the (un)authorized shares, and can combine it with other restrictions – If the life cycle of the confidential document sent is 15 days from the time of publication, FileSecure will automatically destruct it after a certain period. This type of control has its full potential during the information exchange with external partners. In the event of any changes in terms of cooperation, or the eventual termination of the same, one can easily “block” all the confidential information, and thus prevent its presence in the IT systems that are not under your control.
FilseSecure is a policy for:
- Defining policies to control the use of information
- Adding the control of the use of information
- The control of the use of information management policies
- Checking of the control of information use
Seclore FileSecure solution helps financial institutions to comply with the requirements relating to: authentication, authorization, privileged access, and operating and system records, confidentiality, risk, audit, etc. Apart from the important improvement in comparison to the conventional security solutions, FileSecure is extremely important system from the aspect of compliance with the internal and external regulations, especially with security policies. Larger number of foreign companies on domestic market require full compliance with internal policies, regulatories of the domicile country and the new NBS’s decision on minimum standards of information systems, so the FileSecure has imposed itself as a natural solution to control the flow of information in both directions. | <urn:uuid:b5daf578-c7b5-4c54-a32a-f1b3bac5e089> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pcpress.rs/information-under-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.934109 | 931 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The Basics of Meditation
(Information in this article was provided by Jacob of the FIGU forum)
The Will and Meditation
The will only has its influence on meditation that it induces a concentration, you build up a will to concentrate, but as soon as that concentration is present the will becomes void, the will just gives the command to start a meditation concentration, and nothing more. The will is a thought process on its own, as long as its present in the material consciousness, it obstructs the material consciousness of gaining a meditation concentration because a active thought is present.
Compare it to the starter of a car, the starter is only important to start the engine, but not past that point, it would be very damaging for the car if the starter would keep on running.
Meditation and Thought
Meditation concentration is all about a clear view, clear recognition and clear insight, all these processes are purely observational, this means that there is only a pure observation with absolutely no thought at all, because thoughts pollute the pure observation with elements like value judgements or stray thoughts.
Stray thoughts like "What is for dinner tomorrow?" or "I forgot to close the front door", value judgements like "I am not concentrating the right way" or willful thoughts like "I have to meditate now" or "I must now meditate."
Also any thought that induces a feeling of bliss or happiness are completely wrong because they are generated by the material consciousness and material subconscious out of false thinking and beliefs.
Meditation requires a very serious and objective commitment in order to lead to results.
The most easy form of meditation is the meditation that deals with concentration on the nostrils and observing the unobstructed and natural flow of air passing that point. Breathing is a natural human process that can be observed from its beginning until its end (breathing in, breathing out).
Important is that you need to keep your breathing natural, there is absolutely no need to adapt your breathing for your meditation exercise.
In fact if you do change your breathing, it means that its a willfull action resulting from thoughts, and any thoughts during meditation are stray thoughts and hinder meditation itself. So, concentrate on your breathing, let it go as it always go, and dont alter it in any way. When stray thoughts do occur, you need to be passive violent about that and ignore them and refocus your attention on your meditation concentration.
Stray thoughts acts much like fire, as long as you keep on pouring gasoline on it, it keeps on buring, when you stop, the fire dies.
The same goes for stray thoughts, as long you keep on giving them attention in your mind, they will keep on comming back, when you ignore them and focus back on your meditative concentration you will notice that over time and with perseverance the stray thoughts will become less and less.
In all these things patience is a virtue and it will take time before a meditation concentration is reached.
Euphoric meditation is willfully generating thoughts of bliss, joy and well being, these thoughts have a direct influence in the psyche by generating similar feelings.
Because the consciousness is focused on these feelings a delusion occurs because these feelings are purely generated from the consciousness and don't have any realistic foundation. These delusions can have such a severe impact that the person who practices this meditation form will become unable to separate reality from fiction.
When this occurs it will have damaging effects on the psyche and can cause a mania and schizophrenia that will be hard, if impossible to heal.
- Meditation - introduction - and see Main Page#Peace Meditation
- Meditation Basics - dos and don’ts
- Meditation and Life Itself are the Best Teachers
- Meditation from Clear Visibility (book)
- Meditation from Clear Sight (Alternative)
- FIGU Manifesto - Peace meditation
- FLCA: Peace Meditation (External)
- FLAU: Peace Meditation (External)
- Creationaltruth: Peace Meditation (External)
- TheyFly: Salome Peace Meditation (External)
- shop.figu.org: Meditation...Sicht (German) (External)
- Concentration Exercises
- Concentration, Meditation, Sleep
- An important word concerning the occult forces and meditation - Occult Forces
- Spirit Teaching and An Introduction To The Spirit Teaching
- TheyFly: Meditation and Work (External)
- Peacemeditation.org (External)
- shop.figu.org: Die Friedensmeditation (German and English) and The Peace Meditation (External)
- shop.figu.org: Meditation...Lehrer (External)
- shop.figu.org: Einführung...Meditation (External)
- Creationaltruth: Introduction...Meditation (External)
- TheyFly: Nokodemion's...Meditation (External)
- shop.figu.org: Drei...Meditation (External)
- Meditation about death is important
- Beam2eng.blogspot: Meditation...death (External)
- Index, Category:Spirit Teaching, Category:Philosophy, Spirituality and Meditation
- Meditation (Wikipedia)
- Category:Meditation (Wikipedia)
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|n A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z||0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z| | <urn:uuid:d1faeffc-b28e-454b-bc27-4fa468dff4fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futureofmankind.info/Billy_Meier/Meditation_Basics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.882195 | 1,519 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Booty(redirected from booties)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Idioms, Encyclopedia.
BOOTY, war. The capture of personal property by a public enemy on land, in
contradistinction to prize, which is a capture of such property by such an
enemy, on the sea.
2. After booty has been in complete possession of the enemy for twenty- four hours, it becomes absolutely his, without any right of postliminy in favor of the original owner, particularly when it has passed, bona fide, into the hands of a neutral. 1 Kent, Com. 110.
3. The right to the booty, Pothier says, belongs to the sovereign but sometimes the right of the sovereign, or the public, is transferred to the soldiers, to encourage them. Tr. du Droit de Propriete, part 1, c. 2, art. 1, Sec. 2; Burl. Nat. and Pol. Law, vol. ii. part 4, o. 7, n. 12. | <urn:uuid:609136b7-810d-45bd-abee-8d57fdd90b21> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/booties | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.88649 | 227 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Check your email effectively and regain control over your life
The habit that employees have of checking email in the mornings, evenings and weekends has not gone unnoticed by employers. Many of them are more lenient on lateness as a result. But the scales tip in favor of the employers since 80% of those managers interviewed feel they could call employees at home at night.
Mozy Inc., a U.S. – based company surveyed 500 employers and 500 employees in France, Germany, Ireland, UK and the USA. The bottom line is that along with the technology and the flexibility of the workday comes the expectation that employees are “open for business” during off hours.
For those employees who live by the “To Do” list, your life itself may become one as well – an endless one that expands your working day and shrink your personal life. You must take action to prevent this from happening. Start now by putting the following tips into action.
Time management through self-discipline
The first step in controlling our time and our lives is to accept responsibility for what is happening to us – and to decide to change it. Self-discipline or self-control is simply the power to do something when it is easier not to do it.
Self-discipline has a greater impact on how we manage our time than any other strategy. It is needed in order to form good habits, to defeat procrastination, stay organized, and to reap the benefits of delayed gratification.
We must make small changes first. Don’t make it difficult for yourself if you initially lack self-discipline. Build it gradually. For example, if you’re checking email consistently throughout the day, decide to check it four or five times a day, at specific times. Say, first thing in the morning, mid-morning, noon, mid-afternoon and evening. Once you have a routine, cut out the early morning, evening and Sunday sessions – and so on – until you have complete control. You will tend to cheat a little at first, and backslide, and that’s OK. You are building a habit, and if you persist, it will become easier to maintain self-discipline.
Schedule enough time, do not just quickly review your emails
Assume you check email ten times per day, spending ten minutes each time for a total of one hour, forty minutes. During this time let’s say you can handle 50 emails – either replying, deleting, forwarding etc. Instead, if you check your email four times a day, and spend 20 minutes each time, for a total of 1 hour, 20 minutes, during this total time you would probably be able to handle the same 50 emails. But you have done it in 20 minutes less time.
No matter how small the task, there is a setup time. You have a setup time for both the email (opening the program, clicking in the inbox etc.) and for resuming the task that you interrupted in order to check email. The fewer times you check email, the more time you save. An added benefit is that you won’t be telling people by your actions that you respond instantly to every email you get. If you do, they will expect it. We train people how to treat us by our actions and habits. Control your email and you will go a long way to controlling your time. You will be eliminating a large source of stress and getting out of a reactive mode.
Always get your top priority first
It’s not generally a good idea to check email first thing in the morning. You could easily get distracted from your plan. Make sure you get your top priority done first. I recommend that you schedule one or more priority tasks each morning and not check your email until about 11:30. You could check it again about 3:30 in the afternoon. You might want to turn off the automatic send/receive option so that email doesn’t pop up in your inbox the moment you sign on. Email programs seem to be designed to control us rather than the other way around.
I encourage everyone to at least give it a try. Check your email twice per day for at least a couple of days and then assess the impact on your business.
When you do check your email, make sure that you have enough time to dispense with all the email messages in your inbox. You might want to allow a half hour for instance every time you check your email. Either delete it, forward it to someone else for reply, file it, answer it, move it to an action file or To Do list, or (if it warrants it) schedule time in your planner to take the necessary action before replying. It’s a similar process you would use with paper. Handle it only once where possible and never leave it in the inbox.
Write email messages with your purpose in mind
Many managers receive over 100 email messages per day, and spend only a second or two deciding whether to open them. Most such decisions are based on the subject line. Even when they open the message, they may only read a line or two before deleting it and going on to the next one.
If you take the time to send an email message, take the time necessary to insure it fulfills its purpose. For instance, craft the subject line so it grabs their attention while telling them what the email message is about. Put the vital information in the first few lines and be clear and direct about what you want them to do after reading the message.
Proof the message before sending it, correcting any typos and bad grammar, and tightening up the sentences. It may take longer to write shorter messages but they will get better results. Avoid attachments if possible. Instead, cut and paste the additional information at the end of the message. Make it is easy for the reader. Their time is just as valuable as your time, and you are the one who is initiating the interruption.
If you would like to see further time management tips, then “Time to be productive – Develop your time management skills” written by Harold Taylor is the right book for you.
Download the free eBook “Time to be productive” | <urn:uuid:642265be-fc57-4453-9144-f699cb37563a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bookboon.com/blog/2013/02/check-your-email-effectively-and-regain-control-over-your-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945219 | 1,278 | 1.554688 | 2 |
This easy egg cosy knitting pattern is perfect for beginners and will be sure to keep your boiled eggs warm and cosy on Sunday mornings!
Make the egg cosy with the flower decoration in many different colours.
The pattern is easy to follow, knit flat on straight needles.
Egg Cosy Pattern
You can use up leftover yarns in your stash and make lots of egg cosies in different colours.
The egg cozy pattern is great for any beginners who are learning how to knit, as it is a great project for learning new stitches.
If you would like to make more knitted items for the home, please take a look at the other patterns in the home knitting pattern library.
You may also be interested in making this fluffy Easter bunny egg cozy.
Egg Cosy Knitting Pattern
Skill Level – Easy
- Double knit (DK) yarns in any colour (around 20g or less – any yarn scraps will do).
- Yarn weight guide
Needles + Notions
- 4mm (US 6) knitting needles
- Darning needle
- Tape measure
Abbreviations / Knitting Abbreviations List
- Approx = Approximately
- Beg = Begin(ning)
- Cont = Continue(ing)
- K = Knit
- K2tog = Knit next 2 stitches together
- P – Purl
- Rem = Remaining
- Rep = Repeat
- St(s) = Stitch(es)
- Stocking stitch (knit one row, purl one row)
- WS – Wrong side
- Cast on 28 stitches with your yarn colour choice
- Knit stocking stitch until piece measures 1 inch, ending with a purl row.
- *k2tog, k4, repeat from * till end
- *k2tog, K3, repeat from * till end
- *K2tog, K2, repeat from * till end
- K2tog across.
- Break off yarn leaving a 7-inch length.
- Thread the 7-inch length onto a sewing needle, draw it through all stitches on the knitting needle.
- Pull tightly. Fold right sides together and sew the seam with the 7-inch length yarn.
- Weave in loose ends.
- Turn right side out.
- Using 4 mm needles and yarn of your colour choice
- Cast on 50 sts
- Row 1: (WS): Knit
- Row 2: *K1, cast off next 8 sts (one st on right needle after cast off), rep from * 4 times more.
- Break yarn and thread through rem 10 sts. Pull up tight and fasten off securely.
- Using 4mm needles and any double knit yarn, cast on 80sts
- Row 1: WS: knit
- Row 2: *k1, cast off next 14 sts (one st on right needle after cast off) rep from * 4 times more.
- Break yarn and thread through rem 10 sts.
- Pull up tight and fasten off securely.
- Sew button into place in the middle of the small flower and then stitch to the medium flower and attach to the top of your egg cosy.
I love seeing your finished projects!
If you enjoyed making the pattern, I’d love to see yours on Instagram, be sure to tag me @handylittleme.
If you are on Facebook, stop over to the handylittleme Facebook page and share a photo! I’d love to see your work!
Happy Knitting! xoxo | <urn:uuid:5050e6b2-fd1b-49d0-8dbc-7a23882475e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.handylittleme.com/egg-cosy-knitting-pattern/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.851286 | 786 | 2.125 | 2 |
For many households in the rural areas of Kericho County, constructing a private latrine is almost never a priority. After all there are family and neighbours with latrines that could be shared! This is always the case until the good graces of latrine owners ran out.
Meet Evaline Koskei, a 37-year-old resident of Sinonin Village, Kiptome Sub location, married to Reuben Koskei for over 20 years. Together, they have been blessed with four children. Six years ago, the family relocated to Sinonin Village. Today, they live in a small homestead, surrounded by neighbouring families, like a typical kipsigis community.
Evaline Koksei, mother of four and resident of Sinonin, Kiptome Sub location
For the past six years, the Koskei family did not have a latrine of their own. All six members were sharing in the latrine of Reuben’s brother.
Probed on why they did not have their own latrine, Evaline was quick to respond. She explained that competing priorities hindered the family’s acquisition of a latrine. At the time they relocated, they had to first get their main house in order, construct a kitchen, then attend to the schooling requirements of their first-born daughter. After all, what is more important than ensuring that one’s daughter attends high school? In addition, during that period, Evaline suffered from severe malaria, and had to be admitted for two months at the Litein District hospital.
Construction of the latrine only became a priority when Reuben’s brother locked his latrine on claims that Reuben’s family members were dirtying the toilet. Feeling that there was no other option, Reuben’s family settled in using the latrine of his other brother – a latrine located 800 meters away from their homestead. Use of the latrine during critical moments was almost impossible. In most instances, the family openly defecated around their homestead.
After four months, the second brother’s latrine was locked… again! This compelled the family to search for a new shared latrine – a neighbour’s latrine, which stood three blocks away.
The process of constructing their own latrine had begun in May 2018 after Susan, the Public Health Officer (PHO) from Belgut ward, visited the household during a door-to-door follow up. The village had been reached through behaviour change campaigns in the Sub location, under the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All Results Programme (SSH4A RP). After receiving five visits from the PHO and SSH4A RP’s Community-Based Promoter, during which the they were introduced to the health benefits of good sanitation, the family finally decided to construct their own latrine. The cost of construction was approximately US$ 30.
Koskei family latrine, up, close and private
Latrine fitted with squat-hole lid/cover used for fly control
The shame of using other households’ latrines (and later on, being barred from their use), and the shame of not welcoming visitors to their home (due to the absence of a latrine) were major push factors behind the construction of their own latrine.
Today, the couple is overjoyed to be owners of a private latrine. At one point, they hope to be able to purchase an improved latrine, i.e., cemented with brick walls.
After enduring six long years of moving from one shared latrine to another, Evaline urges everyone who doesn’t have latrines to construct one.
Contributor: Judy Muriu (SSH4A RP WASH Consultant)
Photo: (banner) Evaline Koskei sitting comfortably in front of her house, with the family's private toilet pictured on left. | <urn:uuid:99daf5b0-ca07-4535-8c87-41b62e6b6cd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ww.snv.org/update/six-year-journey-owning-private-latrine-koskeis-story | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.976685 | 814 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Source from: Tempo
Original News HERE
Chief Executive of the Kiniku Bintang Raya KSO Budiman Sudjatmiko was determined to develop a mega project of technology industry 4.0 in Cikidang, Sukabumi, West Java, dubbed Algorithm Hill. To realize Indonesia’s version of Silicon Valley development with five priority technology research programs, he added, one billion euros or equal to Rp18 trillions has been prepared.
“Once everything is settled and the budget is also okay, [we will start the project]. We have already had investors from several countries, including Canada,” said Budiman after visiting the location in Sukabumi, Sunday, April 18, 2021.
Budiman said the groundbreaking will take place after this year’s Eid al-Fitr or mid-May. He also claimed that everything is ready for construction and there are no obstacles.
The project in an area of 888 hectares will be under PT Kiniku Bintang Raya, a collaboration of PT Kiniku Nusa Kreasi and PT Bintang Raya Lokalestari that established an agreement on April 7, 2021. The ‘98 activist said the project will be divided into two, cluster and ecosystem projects.
“The cluster project means the infrastructure development. We allocate Rp18 trillions for the construction of clusters and other supporting infrastructure,” Budiman explained.
As for the ecosystem project, he went on, it will not be at the site but villages around the area that will be their partners so that the country’s villages will be more advanced with digital knowledge by 2045.
“[We have] investors from Germany, they invested Rp1.4 trillion for the ecosystem project,” said Budiman Sudjatmiko, adding that the Algorithm Hill will be developed by a state-owned construction company, PT Amarta Karya. | <urn:uuid:2748464a-5a59-4585-ba9f-dcfa5b31b41a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://britchambc.or.id/algorithm-hill-project-in-sukabumi-to-kick-off-may-budiman-sudjatmiko/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.913783 | 401 | 1.539063 | 2 |
by Karl Waldbauer
I found a tear lurking in my eye.
At first perplexed, I wondered why.
Of course the answer was easy to see.
I was afraid AIDS would get me.
CNN talked of World AIDS Day,
they said the pope had begun to pray
for the souls of the dying and the dead,
but I think the man is out of his head.
Stay safe with abstinence he was heard to say.
Using condoms is not God's way.
In Africa they're dropping like flies
due to poverty and witch doctors' lies.
"Have sex with a virgin" they tell sick men,
so men infect children again and again.
Lack of meds creates orphans, they're common as dirt.
Think of their fear, try to imagine their hurt.
Me (and some friends) have HIV,
but we'll beat the disease, just wait and see.
Here in America we can afford to save life
while in third world countries it cuts like a knife
through families, communities, economies, too.
Don't ever forget, it can even get you.
Donate some money,
use your head
and be wise, my friend, when entertaining in bed.
Author's Note: Monday, December 1, 2003 is World AIDS Day.
In Africa, there are 14,000,000 (FOURTEEN MILLION!) orphans due to the AIDS epidemic. On that continent, over 30,000,000 people are believed to be infected with HIV right now.
On Dec. 1, 2004, World AIDS Day, I learned every hour in the U.S. two young people under the age of 24 are infected with HIV. That's 48 YOUNG people per day, 17,520 per year. More than half of them are heterosexual young women and the vast majority are African American. In Florida, the home of many retired people, one in seven new HIV cases is a person over 50 years of age.
June 5, 2006 will be the 25th anniversary of the Center for Disease Control report on a mysterious disease affecting five gay men in Los Angeles. The U.S. AIDS epidemic was born. Since that day, more than 500,000 Americans have died from AIDS. This is the number of people who live in Tuscon, Arizona and considerably more than the populations of Miami, Atlanta, or Minneapolis.
Posted on 11/30/2003
Copyright © 2022 Karl Waldbauer
|Member Comments on this Poem|
|Posted by Max Bouillet on 12/02/03 at 03:34 PM|
Karl, this is a poiignant reminder for us all to get our priorties straight. Thank you for sharing this important verse.
|Posted by Kourosh Taheri-Golvarzi on 04/11/05 at 09:08 AM|
Another epidemic that doesn't have to be. When will people learn?? Sex is NOT wrong! Misinformation is!! We have to take back the power we gave up several thousand years ago. Rock on, man!
|Posted by Rula Shin on 05/13/06 at 02:11 PM|
Your poem is powerful and poignant, and the statistics you mention are shocking and appalling. Indeed HIV, in a way, is an invisible epidemic in the sense that so many of us just don't think about it because we can't SEE it, it doesn't APPEAR to touch our everyday lives, when the truth is obviously quite the opposite, this virus so widespread, and so easily passed along by dangerous habits and/or ignorance. I find what you say about Africa particularly striking and thought provoking. Misinformation, Miseducatation, and the creation of all kinds of self serving heathens help to spread this wildfire instead of taming it...while religious doctrines, so stiff, inflexible, and impossibly impractical are nothing but uselses words blown in the wind. Thank you for the powerful reminder.
|Posted by Ashok Sharda on 05/13/06 at 02:29 PM|
Its a meaningful reminder and we must take heed.After all this is some thing which can wipe this specie out from the face of this earth. Your piece depicts this horror powerfully. | <urn:uuid:316e0aad-c717-435a-93dc-b985139c905d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pathetic.org/poem/1070223633 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950649 | 902 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. The prostate is just in front of the rectum. The urethra runs through the center of the prostate, from the bladder to the penis, letting urine flow out of the body. It has man roles given below:
- The prostate secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm. During ejaculation, the prostate squeezes this fluid into the urethra, and it’s expelled with sperm as semen.
The vasa deferentia (singular: vas deferens) bring sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicles. The seminal vesicles contribute fluid to semen during ejaculation
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a fluid produced in the prostate, playing a key role in enabling the sperm to swim into the uterus by keeping the semen in liquid form. It counteracts the clotting enzyme in the seminal vesicle fluid, which essentially glues the semen to the woman’s cervix, next to the uterus entrance inside the vagina. PSA dissolves this glue with its own enzyme so that the sperm can dash into the uterus and impregnate an egg if it is there
- The prostate also filters and removes toxins for protection of the sperm, which enhances the chance of impregnation and ensures that men seed with the optimum quality of sperm. This is perhaps the prostate’s most important function and, at the same time, can be one of the main reasons there is a growing epidemic of prostate disease and cancer as men deal with more and more toxins in food and the environment
- The prostate, which surrounds the upper part of the urethra tube just below the bladder (the prostatic urethra), controls the flow of urine. It prevents urine from leaving the bladder, except when released by urination. It also prevents urine from damaging ejaculate during orgasm
- The prostate gland contains a crucial enzyme, 5-alpha-reductase. This enzyme converts the hormone testosterone in the body to DHT (dihydrotestosterone), which is at least ten times more powerful than simple testosterone. This potent hormone DHT has several purposes including male sexual drive and function. Over time, a build-up of toxins in the prostate may affect the production of this enzyme, which is then responsible for the declining sex drive in men as they age
Prostrate glands can get affected and problems may manifest as: Prostatis, enlarged prostate and in adverse cases as prostate cancer. | <urn:uuid:c6afd0fd-583f-4a16-95ba-8c65d9052bb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.parashospitals.com/blogs/what-is-the-role-of-the-prostate-gland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.943286 | 520 | 3.140625 | 3 |
We built them.
Why aluminum tubeless valve stems? Well, it turns out that not everyone needs the added strength (or let's be honest, cost) of our titanium valve stems. So took much of what makes our Ti stems special and applied it to the lighter metal.
But why stop there?
Seeing as no one needs another disposable product, we wanted to keep our our tubless valve stems in service as long as possible. So we made the parts that wear or which can be fouled by sealant easily replaceable- and their replacements readily available. So while the cost more than brass to begin with, as soon as you've replaced your first gasket you've come out ahead.
Well there's our Bead Shed Technology- patent-pending geometry that helps to keep the tire bead from hanging up on the valve stem. It's a small thing, one that you won't notice working, but it does make tire installation and seating easier. After all: we just want to get you on your bike and riding as quickly as possible.
And finally, we moved obstructions from the valve stem body for an 86% larger thru hole than standard and fewer places for sealant to hide and congeal.
We want these tubeless valve stems to be as easy to install and maintain on as many tubeless wheels and tire setups as possible.
Read more about the design process at our blog.
5.0g per stem
How are tubeless valve stems measured- and which one will fit my rims?
What is this Refresh Kit you speak of?
It's a spare set of valve cores (the assembly that actually closes off air flow) and gaskets (which create a seal between the valve stem and rim). Because it never hurts to be prepared, these ship in sets of four. We even include a small valve core removal tool. Add to your valve stem purchase above or find them here. | <urn:uuid:8364b72f-7095-416f-9234-e8b24b69fb04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://terske.com/collections/bling/products/blue-anodized-aluminum-tubeless-valve-stems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.962519 | 428 | 1.648438 | 2 |
from An American miscellany, vol.
originally published in Harper's weekly, November 7th, 1885
In the death of Jean Montanet, at the age of nearly a hundred years, New Orleans lost, at the end of August, the most extraordinary African character that ever gained celebrity within her limits. Jean Montanet, or Jean La Ficelle, or Jean Latanié, or Jean Racine, or Jean Grisgris, or Jean Macaque, or Jean Bayou, or "Voudoo John," or "Bayou John," or "Doctor John" might well have been termed "The Last of the Voudoos"; not that the strange association with which he was affiliated has ceased to exist with his death, but that he was the last really important figure of a long line of wizards or witches whose African titles were recognized, and who exercised an influence over the colored population. Swarthy occultists will doubtless continue to elect their "queens" and high-priests through years to come, but the influence of the public school is gradually dissipating all faith in witchcraft, and no black hierophant now remains capable of manifesting such mystic knowledge or of inspiring such respect as Voudoo John exhibited and compelled. There will never be another "Rose," another "Marie," much less another Jean Bayou.
It may reasonably be doubted whether any other negro of African birth who lived in the South had a more extraordinary career than that of Jean Montanet. He was a native of Senegal, and claimed to have been a prince's son, in proof of which he was wont to call attention to a number of parallel scars on his cheek, extending in curves from the edge of either temple to the corner of the lips. This fact seems to me partly confirmatory of his statement, as Berenger-Feraud dwells at some length on the fact that the Bambaras, who are probably the finest negro race in Senegal, all wear such disfigurations. The scars are made by gashing the cheeks during infancy, and are considered a sign of race. Three parallel scars mark the freemen of the tribe; four distinguish their captives or slaves. Now Jean's face had, I am told, three scars, which would prove him a free-born Bambara, or at least a member of some free tribe allied to the Bambaras, and living upon their territory. At all events, Jean possessed physical characteristics answering to those by which the French ethnologists in Senegal distinguish the Bambaras. He was of middle height, very strongly built, with broad shoulders, well-developed muscles, an inky black skin, retreating forehead, small bright eyes, a very flat nose, and a woolly beard, gray only during the last few years of his long life. He had a resonant voice and a very authoritative manner.
At an early age he was kidnapped by Spanish slavers, who sold him at some Spanish port, whence he was ultimately shipped to Cuba. His West-Indian master taught him to be an excellent cook, ultimately became attached to him, and made him a present of his freedom. Jean soon afterward engaged on some Spanish vessel as ship's cook, and in the exercise of this calling voyaged considerably in both hemispheres. Finally tiring of the sea, he left his ship at New Orleans, and began life on shore as a cotton-roller. His physical strength gave him considerable advantage above his fellow-blacks; and his employers also discovered that he wielded some peculiar occult influence over the negroes, which made him valuable as an overseer or gang leader. Jean, in short, possessed the mysterious obi power, the existence of which has been recognized in most slave-holding communities, and with which many a West-Indian planter has been compelled by force of circumstances to effect a compromise. Accordingly Jean was permitted many liberties which other blacks, although free, would never have presumed to take. Soon it became rumored that he was a seer of no small powers, and that he could tell the future by the marks upon bales of cotton. I have never been able to learn the details of this queer method of telling fortunes; but Jean became so successful in the exercise of it that thousands of colored people flocked to him for predictions and counsel, and even white people, moved by curiosity or by doubt, paid him to prophesy for them. Finally he became wealthy enough to abandon the levee and purchase a large tract of property on the Bayou Road, where he built a house. His land extended from Prieur Street on the Bayou Road as far as Roman, covering the greater portion of an extensive square, now well built up. In those days it was a marshy green plain, with a few scattered habitations.
At his new home Jean continued the practice of fortune-telling, but combined it with the profession of creole medicine, and of arts still more mysterious. By-and-by his reputation became so great that he was able to demand and obtain immense fees. People of both races and both sexes thronged to see him--many coming even from far-away creole towns in the parishes, and well-dressed women, closely veiled, often knocked at his door. Parties paid from ten to twenty dollars for advice, for herb medicines, for recipes to make the hair grow, for cataplasms supposed to possess mysterious virtues, but really made with scraps of shoe-leather triturated into paste, for advice what ticket to buy in the Havana Lottery, for aid to recover stolen goods, for love powers, for counsel in family troubles, for charms by which to obtain revenge upon an enemy. Once Jean received a fee of fifty dollars for a potion. "It was water," he said to a creole confidant, "with some common herbs boiled in it. I hurt nobody; but if folks want to give me fifty dollars, I take the fifty dollars every time!" His office furniture consisted of a table, a chair, a picture of the Virgin Mary, an elephant's tusk, some shells which he said were African shells and enabled him to read the future, and a pack of cards in each of which a small hole had been burned. About his person he always carried two small bones wrapped around with a black string, which bones he really appeared to revere as fetiches. Wax candles were burned during his performances; and as he bought a whole box of them every few days during "flush times," one can imagine how large the number of his clients must have been. They poured money into his hands so generously that he became worth at least $50,000!
Then, indeed, did this possible son of a Bambara prince begin to live more grandly than any black potentate of Senegal. He had his carriage and pair, worthy of a planter, and his blooded saddle-horse, which he rode well, attired in a gaudy Spanish costume, and seated upon an elaborately decorated Mexican saddle. At home, where he ate and drank only the best--scorning claret worth less than a dollar the litre--he continued to find his simple furniture good enough for him; but he had at least fifteen wives--a harem worthy of Boubakar-Segou. White folks might have called them by a less honorific name, but Jean declared them his legitimate spouses according to African ritual. One of the curious features in modern slavery was the ownership of blacks by freedmen of their own color, and these negro slave-holders were usually savage and merciless masters. Jean was not; but it was by right of slave purchase that he obtained most of his wives, who bore him children in great multitude. Finally he managed to woo and win a white woman of the lowest class, who might have been, after a fashion, the Sultana-Validé of this Seraglio. On grand occasions Jean used to distribute largess among the colored population of his neighborhood in the shape of food--bowls of gombo or dishes of jimbalaya. He did it for popularity's sake in those days, perhaps; but in after-years, during the great epidemics, he did it for charity, even when so much reduced in circumstances that he was himself obliged to cook the food to be given away.
But Jean's greatness did not fail to entail certain cares. He did not know what to do with his money. He had no faith in banks, and had seen too much of the darker side of life to have much faith in human nature. For many years he kept his money under-ground, burying or taking it up at night only, occasionally concealing large sums so well that he could never find them again himself; and now, after many years, people still believe there are treasures entombed somewhere in the neighborhood of Prieur Street and Bayou Road. All business negotiations of a serious character caused him much worry, and as he found many willing to take advantage of his ignorance, he probably felt small remorse for certain questionable actions of his own. He was notoriously bad pay, and part of his property was seized at last to cover a debt. Then, in an evil hour, he asked a man without scruples to teach him how to write, believing that financial misfortunes were mostly due to ignorance of the alphabet. After he had learned to write his name, he was innocent enough one day to place his signature by request at the bottom of a blank sheet of paper, and, lo! his real estate passed from his possession in some horribly mysterious way. Still he had some money left, and made heroic efforts to retrieve his fortunes. He bought other property, and he invested desperately in lottery tickets. The lottery craze finally came upon him, and had far more to do with his ultimate ruin than his losses in the grocery, the shoemaker's shop, and other establishments into which he had put several thousand dollars as the silent partner of people who cheated him. He might certainly have continued to make a good living, since people still sent for him to cure them with his herbs, or went to see him to have their fortunes told; but all his earnings were wasted in tempting fortune. After a score of seizures and a long succession of evictions, he was at last obliged to seek hospitality from some of his numerous children; and of all he had once owned nothing remained to him but his African shells, his elephant's tusk, and the sewing-machine table that had served him to tell fortunes and to burn wax candles upon. Even these, I think, were attached a day or two before his death, which occurred at the house of his daughter by the white wife, an intelligent mulatto with many children of her own.
Jean's ideas of religion were primitive in the extreme. The conversion of the chief tribes of Senegal to Islam occurred in recent years, and it is probable that at the time he was captured by slavers his people were still in a condition little above gross fetichism. If during his years of servitude in a Catholic colony he had imbibed some notions of Romish Christianity, it is certain at least that the Christian ideas were always subordinated to the African--just as the image of the Virgin Mary was used by him merely as an auxiliary fetich in his witchcraft, and was considered as possessing much less power than the "elephant's toof." He was in many respects a humbug; but he may have sincerely believed in the efficacy of certain superstitious rites of his own. He stated that he had a Master whom he was bound to obey; that he could read the will of this Master in the twinkling of the stars; and often of clear nights the neighbors used to watch him standing alone at some street corner staring at the welkin, pulling his woolly beard, and talking in an unknown language to some imaginary being. Whenever Jean indulged in this freak, people knew that he needed money badly, and would probably try to borrow a dollar or two from some one in the vicinity next day.
Testimony to his remarkable skill in the use of herbs could be gathered from nearly every one now living who became well acquainted with him. During the epidemic of 1878, which uprooted the old belief in the total immunity of negroes and colored people from yellow fever, two of Jean's children were "taken down." "I have no money," he said, "but I can cure my children," which he proceeded to do with the aid of some weeds plucked from the edge of the Prieur Street gutters. One of the herbs, I am told, was what our creoles call the "parasol." "The children were playing on the banquette next day," said my informant.
Montanet, even in the most unlucky part of his career, retained the superstitious reverence of colored people in all parts of the city. When he made his appearance even on the American side of Canal Street to doctor some sick person, there was always much subdued excitement among the colored folks, who whispered and stared a great deal, but were careful not to raise their voices when they said, "Dar's Hoodoo John!" That an unlettered African slave should have been able to achieve what Jean Bayou achieved in a civilized city, and to earn the wealth and the reputation that he enjoyed during many years of his life, might be cited as a singular evidence of modern popular credulity, but it is also proof that Jean was not an ordinary man in point of natural intelligence. | <urn:uuid:d488fc50-f5ba-42c8-a031-14860b91bb3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://theology101.org/afr/hearn/lastvdu.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.990806 | 2,796 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Making Manchester radio series is set to resume on ALL FM 96.9 from Monday 5 September with a programme called Moving Manchester: Trams, planes and smart motorways. The programme will look at Greater Manchester’s three biggest ongoing transport infrastructure projects.
Since our last programme, Manchester Airport has become the first UK airport to operate direct, scheduled flights from anywhere outside London to mainland China. Meanwhile work has continued on the Manchester Smart Motorways project, and Transport for Greater Manchester has forged ahead with Metrolink’s Second City Crossing, with the new St Peter’s Square stop due to open at the end of August.
So Moving Manchester will recount the history of Manchester Airport from the early days of grass airstrips and airport facilities converted from barns and farmhouses, with a look at the airport’s future development based on an interview with John Twigg (pictured), Planning Director of Manchester Airports Group which now owns three other airports around England.
Next we’ll visit Manchester Smart Motorways and find out from project manager David Emery just what is a smart motorway, how does it work, and what are the challenges involved in making one of the UK’s busiest roads smart while it’s still carrying all that traffic.
And we’ll be discussing how Greater Manchester was given a brand-new tramway network in the space of 20 years – a story of the single-minded determination of local politicians in the face of all obstacles, and of the everyday ingenuity of civil engineers in converting railways, building bridges and driving tramways through busy town centres to create the UK’s biggest new tram network. In the programme we’ll hear from Cllr Andrew Fender, Manchester City Council’s transport portfolio holder who has steered Metrolink’s development from its inception, and Peter Cushing, Transport for Greater Manchester’s Metrolink Director, on the civil engineering challenges.
As usual, the programme will air first on ALL FM 96.9 and www.allfm.org. 0900-1000 on the Monday morning (5 September), and the recording will be available thereafter on Mixcloud. | <urn:uuid:64803872-15d4-4b67-9f89-b06c3f6c7667> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://makingmanchester.com/2016/08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.91045 | 448 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Many widespread and repeated patterns of human behavior cause social and environmental problems (Rockström et al. 2009). Leadership is intuitively recognized as important for motivating a change in human behavior toward more sustainable practice. Engaging political leaders is considered imperative for the success of global and regional sustainable development (e.g., Walker et al. 2009). At more localized scales, interactions between contemporary and traditional leadership structures are recognized as important (e.g., Johannes 2002). As environmental problems escalate, the impetus for understanding where and how effective leadership can be found and fostered has increased.
Leadership studies is a multidisciplinary field, closely aligned with management science and organizational studies, that has emerged over the last 60 years. Traditionally underpinned by psychology and positivist social science methodologies, the field attempted to predict corporate outcomes by identifying the attributes and behaviors of individual leaders (Stodgill 1948, 1974, Tannenbaum and Schmidt 1958, Likert 1961, Fiedler 1967, Hersey and Blanchard 1988). Variations of such research persist to this day in mainstream studies of leadership. Nevertheless, alternative perspectives on leadership are emerging; these go beyond the notion of the individual, heroic leader that underpins conventional concepts of leadership (see Hosking 1988, 1999, Gemmill and Oakley 1992, Maccoby 2000, Banerjee and Linstead 2001, 2004, Jones 2005, 2006, Warner and Grint 2006, Carroll et al. 2008, Lemmergaard and Muhr 2013). Our purpose was to understand how leadership is conceptualized in the environmental sciences. We reference our findings against some key trends in leadership studies to identify what opportunities more critical approaches to leadership studies offer to the field of environmental sciences.
To capture the way leadership is presented in the environmental sciences, we used a broad conceptualization of leadership to include people, e.g., leaders, entrepreneurs, champions, brokers, and organizations or groups, and associated characteristics, roles, and actions that affect environmental outcomes. In analyzing the literature, we sought to understand, first, how leadership is conceptualized and, second, what sustainability outcomes are attributed to leadership. We discuss the potential for more critical research on environmental leadership that is informed by contemporary scholarship in leadership studies.
We reviewed the environmental sciences literature over the last 10 years to identify how research has portrayed and investigated leaders and leadership. We began with a systematic search of published literature on ISI Web of Science between 2003 and 2013. Because we were interested in environmental outcomes, we focused our search on conservation, natural resource management, and governance of social-ecological systems (see Appendix 1 for specific search terms). Our search returned more than 850 records. A scan of titles excluded 378 papers that were not about the natural environment, e.g., “environment” referred to a context such as an information technology environment. A scan of paper abstracts excluded a further 302 papers. Papers were excluded when leaders or leadership were not the focus or finding of the research itself, for instance, (1) when leaders were referred to in setting up the paper’s argument or as research end users; (2) when leaders were sampled as part of a study on other topics; or (3) when the importance of leadership was simply asserted in a conclusive statement, but the body of the paper did not refer to or discuss leadership (see Appendix 2 for further details).
This systematic search identified 187 papers that we considered to represent leadership research in environmental sciences. All 187 abstracts were read and summarized by the lead author. We then conducted a selective review of this pool of papers. We included all the conceptual review or synthesis articles (n = 24), meta-analyses (n = 2), and large-N studies (n = 6). Because our intention was to get an overarching sense of the field rather than to conduct our own meta-analysis, we selected a subset of the empirical case studies for manageability (n = 25). Case study papers were chosen to reflect major environmental fields, i.e., conservation, fisheries, forestry, water, and climate change, and a diversity of perspectives on leadership. Case studies of leadership by regional bodies and conventions like the European Union or Convention on Biological Diversity were considered beyond the scope of this paper. We also recognized that leadership can be broadly interpreted and, therefore, that there may be research in the environmental sciences that is implicitly about leadership but that was not identified by our search terms. These papers would not have been captured in our review.
In total we reviewed 57 papers (see Appendix 3 for details of all papers reviewed). These papers were read in full. Using an open and inductive approach, information was extracted on (1) how leadership or a similar term was defined or conceptualized by the authors; (2) what factors, if any, were associated with effective leadership; (3) what governance outcomes were associated with leadership; and (4) how links between leaders, leadership, and outcomes were deduced.
We found that much of the environmental leadership literature focuses on a few key individuals and desirable leadership competencies. Only a subset of the literature highlights multiple, interacting sources of leadership or evaluates leadership processes, i.e., tactics, in detail.
In the literature we reviewed, the most common approach to conceptualizing environmental leadership is to identify individual leaders or leadership positions responsible for delivering specific outcomes. The large-N studies and meta-analyses primarily document the presence or absence of a single village, community, or group leader (Pagdee et al. 2006, Van Laerhoven 2010, Gutiérrez et al. 2011). The synthesis and case study papers also tend to focus on fewer than a handful of individual leaders. Some papers refer to these individuals in the abstract. For instance, Walters (2007:306) argues that “at least one single individual” can be credited for the few successful examples of adaptive fisheries governance. Other papers refer more specifically to named individuals or formal leadership positions. For example, Kates et al. (2012) and Smith et al. (2009) identify specific individuals in the United States and United Kingdom, respectively, who in their formal political positions as county executive, governor, or city mayor have catalyzed climate change adaptation planning and action.
Increasingly the environmental sciences literature, particularly research associated with social-ecological systems, complex systems, and resilience, refers to entrepreneurs rather than leaders. Social entrepreneurs recognize social problems and use entrepreneurial principles to organize, create, and manage an initiative to bring about social change (Biggs et al. 2010). Institutional entrepreneurs recognize environmental problems as institutional failures and leverage resources to create new institutions or transform existing ones to address particular problems (Rosen and Olsson 2013). Similarly, policy entrepreneurs connect environmental problems to policy processes and exchange resources for future policies they favor (Folke et al. 2005, Huitema and Meijerink 2010). Westley et al. (2013) argue that focusing on entrepreneurship rather than leadership can encompass and recognize the agency of a more diverse set of actors. Indeed, Rosen and Olsson’s (2013) analysis of the Coral Triangle Initiative identified up to 50 institutional entrepreneurs who were involved in developing and promoting the Coral Triangle Initiative’s regional policy. Nevertheless, we found that many papers continue to emphasize the importance of individual entrepreneurs, specifically or in the abstract.
Only a subset of the environmental leadership literature we reviewed is explicit about interactions among different sources of leadership (e.g., Olsson et al. 2008, Zulu 2008, Marschke and Berkes 2005, Gupta 2010, Marín et al. 2012). Marín et al. (2012) identify both a governance network and people within the network as sources of leadership, claiming that the network “revolutionized ecosystem management” and that, in turn, the success of the network is attributable in part to key actors. Olsson et al. (2008) also suggest a nested form of leadership. In their analysis of the rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Park, Australia, they refer to leadership by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority in general; the Senior Management Forum within the Authority, responsible for communicating a common vision; and the two executive directors who led the forum and navigated both internal and external politics. Rosen and Olsson (2013:201) argue that “the interactions among several types of individuals and organizations” are of great importance in institutional change.
Most studies that recognize leadership interactions portray them as mutually supportive. Olsson et al. (2008) acknowledge the involvement of senior scientists, environmental nongovernmental organizations, and lobbyists from the tourism and fishing industries in the Great Barrier Reef rezoning process, but they emphasize the success of the Authority and its senior management and did not evaluate other, potentially contested, interactions. Relatively few studies in our review document contestation or conflict among leaders (Carruthers and Rodriguez 2009, Fleischman et al. 2010, Huitema and Meijerink 2010, Hu 2011, Ernstson 2013). An insightful exception is a series of studies on fisheries comanagement in Malawi (Russell and Dobson 2009, Njaya et al. 2012). Njaya et al. (2012:663) state that “the Department of Fisheries, members of the Beach Village Committees, and the traditional leaders have all been endowed some form of power, which they use to create rules, make decisions, and adjudicate in relation to fisheries management.” In many but not all fisheries, this has led to tensions between contemporary elected leaders and traditional, nonelected, i.e., hereditary, village heads that have undermined new comanagement processes (Russell and Dobson 2009, Njaya et al. 2012). In an empirical case examining water management, Sherval and Greenwood (2012) note tension between water management agencies and community groups over the decision to build a dam. This contested leadership played out in alternative discourses, with communities engaging more effectively with the media and essentially determining the leadership outcome. More conceptually, in summarizing policy entrepreneurship in water management, Huitema and Meijerink (2010) emphasize the potential for opposing advocacy coalitions, whereas Ernstson (2013) describes competing actor networks and processes of value articulation for urban ecosystem services.
In the literature we reviewed, it was common for papers to focus on desirable leadership competencies. Competencies refer broadly to personality traits or attributes leaders possess, e.g., intelligence; leadership functions or strategies, e.g., meaning-making; and styles of leadership, e.g., visionary leadership (Carroll et al. 2008).
The desirable personality traits of leaders identified in the environmental sciences literature include charisma, strength, commitment/perseverance, and reputation. The synthesis papers tend to emphasize more transformational qualities such as vision and charisma. For example, Scheffer et al. (2003) discuss, at an abstract level, charismatic opinion leaders with high social capital. The meta-analyses, large-N studies, and other empirical case studies refer more often to strong, committed, and/or motivated leaders (Pagdee et al. 2006, Gutiérrez et al. 2011; but see also Huitema and Meikerink’s 2010 review of policy entrepreneurs). In his analysis of natural resource management policy, Biggs (2008) notes that individuals or organizations responsible for change were effective at the policy level, well respected professionally, and known for their long-term commitment to issues of social justice. Similarly, Walters (2007:306) observes that individual leaders “made a very large personal investment of time and energy to make sure the programme actually succeeded.” In this case, the author emphasizes that these individuals were middle managers and would not be called inspiring or charismatic. Attributes associated with negative outcomes include domineering, corrupt, weak or insecure, and inactive or absentee leaders (Zulu 2008).
Our review identified numerous strategies or functions that leaders do, or should, perform (Table 1). For instance, alongside visioning and sense-making, Folke et al. (2005) identify six other functions that leaders perform. Many studies agree on the key strategies or functions of successful environmental leadership, as indicated by the number of references supporting each one. The literature also emphasizes overarching leadership styles (Table 2). Some styles are common to management and organizational sciences, including democratic, transformational, and visionary leadership. Other styles arguably reflect general principles and concepts developed within environmental sciences, including adaptive, complexity, systems-thinking, and tipping-point leadership.
There is a tendency within the environmental sciences literature we reviewed for authors to advocate rather than critically analyze or test leadership competencies. For example, Black et al. (2011:335) provide a list of “recommended characteristics, qualities and actions that a systems thinking leader should apply in a conservation setting.” There is also evidence of scholars projecting positive qualities onto leaders. Pagdee et al. (2006) and Gutiérrez et al. (2011) infer that the presence of a leader suggests strong leadership that is committed to community forestry or fisheries comanagement, respectively. Relatively few studies investigate how key strategies such as sense-making or conflict resolution are achieved in practice. The exceptions are highly insightful. For example, Rosen and Olsson (2013) elaborate in detail the tactics used by institutional entrepreneurs to “secure wider political support” and “mobilise resources” for the Coral Triangle Initiative, such as packaging the initiative in terms of the priorities of the Nations they were trying to bring on board. In a study focused explicitly on leadership for innovation, Scholten (2010) suggests that individual leaders need to use and bend the rules to achieve the innovative policy change they seek. Importantly, Meijerink and Huitema (2010) suggest that policy entrepreneurs resisting change use strategies similar to those of the ones who promote it.
Links between different competencies such as particular leadership styles and strategies are not evident in either the conceptual or empirical studies we reviewed. Indeed, the empirical case studies, which more closely reflect the messiness of governance in practice, tend not to assign particular leadership strategies or styles to different sources of leadership, e.g., traditional and contemporary leaders. This reflects the difficulty of categorizing or generalizing which forms of leadership work in particular contexts for particular governance outcomes.
The literature reports on the importance of leadership in maintaining existing governance processes, e.g., monitoring, enforcement, and sanctioning, and more commonly, in driving change and innovation, e.g., formulating and implementing new approaches to environmental management. We considered these types of outcome together. The environmental leadership literature we reviewed commonly reports that leadership is one of the most important factors for effective or successful management. Only a subset of literature critically analyzes how leaders or leadership affect different social outcomes, e.g., livelihoods, and environmental outcomes, e.g., water quality.
Across the papers we analyzed, leadership is considered to be one of the key requirements for emergence and effective implementation of environmental governance and climate change policy (e.g., Folke et al. 2005, Walters 2007, Biggs 2008, Christie et al. 2009, Smith et al. 2009, Biggs et al. 2010, Gupta 2010, Black et al. 2011, Kates et al. 2012, Lockwood et al. 2012). Leaders are associated with the emergence of ecosystem-based water management (Biggs et al. 2010), they are “directly related (at statistically significant levels)” to successful implementation of large-scale marine management (Christie et al. 2009:381), and they are critical for successful scaling up of natural resource management in policy (Biggs 2008). The importance of leadership is supported by the large-N studies and meta-analyses, which find that the presence of a leader has a high (Pagdee et al. 2006, Van Laerhoven 2010, Gutiérrez et al. 2011) to moderate or mixed (Ruttan 2006, Cinner et al. 2012) positive influence on environmental governance outcomes. Leadership is often identified as one of a range of important factors and is frequently found to be one of the most important factors.
An absence of leadership is also connected to ineffective management outcomes. Fabricius et al. (2007:1) suggest that communities who cope with disturbance events but do not adapt to them “lack the capacity for governance because of a lack of leadership, of vision, and of motivation.” In a review of 30 cases of fisheries management, Walters (2007:306) found that most initiatives failed and that “of the three main causes of implementation failure, easily the most important has been lack of leadership.” More broadly, Scheffer et al. (2003) conclude that a lack of strong leadership can lead to inertia in addressing new problems in social-ecological systems. These studies contrast with a few examples showing that the absence or failure of leadership can instead lead to positive outcomes through emergent leadership at other scales, also expressed through ideas of shadow networks that form in response to an undesirable status quo. Pesqué-Cela and colleagues’ (2009) large-N study of 115 villages in China shows that distrust of township leaders is associated with increased participation in self-governing community organizations. Gupta’s (2010) review of climate change policy also shows that a lack of real statesmanship has, in particularly stark cases, led to the emergence of subnational leadership of initiatives that diverge from national rhetoric in Australia and the United States of America.
We found that a minority of studies we reviewed report on the contested or negative outcomes of leadership. The quantitative studies that find leadership to be one of the most important factors of success mostly consider a single management outcome or aggregate environmental outcomes (Pagdee et al. 2006, Gutiérrez et al. 2011, Kenward et al. 2011). For instance, Zimmerer et al. (2004) quantify the global spatial coverage of protected areas, Van Laerhoven (2010) uses community monitoring as a proxy for effective management, and Gutiérrez et al. (2011) calculate an index that combines eight outcome variables ranging from community empowerment to increased abundance of fish. In only a few cases are outcomes disaggregated (e.g., Ruttan 2006, Cinner et al. 2012). Importantly these latter cases report more nuanced, mixed findings about the importance of leadership. For example, Cinner et al. (2012) find that trust in leadership is not significantly correlated with benefits to livelihoods but is somewhat important for reported compliance to fisheries management rules. Ruttan (2006) finds that the presence of political entrepreneurs is correlated positively with water abundance but negatively with water quality in irrigation systems, and is not correlated with any successful outcomes in fisheries systems.
Empirical studies in the United States, Ethiopia, and Malawi show that leadership used as a tool to co-opt power or resources can result in weakened institutions, loss of trust, overharvesting, degradation, and overall management failure (Zulu 2008, Fleischman et al. 2010, Mohammed and Inoue 2012, Njaya et al. 2012). Wale et al. (2009:12) suggest that in a participatory process an overly dominant leader can cause “an atmosphere of dis-engagement.” This position is corroborated by Pahl-Wostl and colleagues (2007), who argue that although strong, centralized leadership may be useful at critical or strategic points in a process, dependence on strong individual leaders is not generally desirable or realistic in collaborative, multiactor processes of decision making. Pérez-Cirera and Lovett (2006) highlight that powerful leaders may enhance the creation and enforcement of resource regulations but in doing so are able to impose higher costs on the less powerful, leading to inequitable distribution of income. Further, Galaz et al. (2011) argue that under the intense social and political pressure that characterizes ecological crises, leaders may often by forced to make “tragic choices” in situations where no option is preferred (see also Adams et al. 2003 on contested problem definition).
As demonstrated by the disaggregated large-N studies, outcomes may often be mixed. In one of the most critically informed synthesis papers, Meijerink and Huitema (2010) highlight that in many of their 16 cases of water policy transition, new policies were rarely implemented fully. Instead, new and old policies often overlapped, with policy entrepreneurs attempting to integrate or balance the two.
Although leadership is identified as one of the most important factors associated with beneficial governance outcomes, it is not the only factor explaining success (Pagdee et al. 2006, Chuenpagdee and Jentoft 2007, Van Laerhoven 2010, Kenward et al. 2011). As Gutiérrez and coauthors argue (2011:386), “fisheries were most successful when at least eight co-management attributes were present.” The range of factors that reportedly work in combination with leadership is too varied to note here, but they include social capital, defined rights, participatory processes, and regulatory tools. In particular, the roles of institutions (Chuenpagdee and Jentoft 2007, Huitema and Meijerink 2010, Gupta et al. 2010), social networks (Folke et al. 2005, Biggs 2008, Bodin and Crona 2008), and links to political leadership (Olsson et al. 2008, Banks and Skilleter 2010, Rosen and Olsson 2013; but see Carruthers and Rodriguez 2009 for an example of negative interference by political leaders) are noted as important. As Biggs (2008:54) observes:
There was no single “champion” that led these changes. In the case of the bamboo tubewells, the District Commissioner was important, but without the artisans and farmers who created the bamboo technology in the first place, and continued to change it, and those who changed market institutions, he would not have had a context (or alliance members) in which to be innovative.
Biggs (2008:54) concludes that giving “privileged attention to one or two people overlooks the importance of other actors on the playing field (who may or may not be seen) at the time.” Understanding leadership in context is important and reflects more contemporary research in leadership studies. Nevertheless, the specifics of this wider context are typically not explored in detail in the environmental leadership literature we reviewed, which remains relatively silent on the perceptions, motivations, and actions of followers, the types of institutions that foster desired leadership traits and outcomes, or how leaders shape and are shaped by their context.
In sum, the majority of the environmental sciences literature that investigates leadership finds it to be important in explaining positive governance outcomes. Relatively little analysis differentiates outcomes or explores the negative impacts of leadership. Even with some studies differentiating outcomes, there are no explicit studies systematically linking different leadership competencies with particular empirical outcomes. Further, how environmental leadership emerges from, responds to, and reflects different institutional and political contexts is not well researched in the field.
Our investigation of leadership in the environmental sciences reveals a number of important insights into how leadership concepts are perceived and used within this scientific field to date. We see opportunities for more critical perspectives in future. By this we mean adopting a critical research perspective that challenges taken-for-granted assumptions and normative positions, and is more sensitive to different perspectives on the processes and outcomes of leadership.
Scholars trace the origins of modern concepts of leadership to the “great man” thesis of Carlyle in the early 1900s (Case et al. 2011, Haslam et al. 2011). This discourse underpins romanticized notions of the heroic leader still prevalent in lay and professional analyses of corporate and political leadership today (Case et al. 2011). Leaders are thus seen as different, superior, and rare. Individualistic frameworks support a focus on leadership competencies pursued through positivist psychological methods such as personality tests (Bolden and Gosling 2006, Carroll et al. 2008). This framing of leadership is considered incomplete: it is unable to systematically predict who will become a leader and how effective they will be, and it neglects to consider followers and their motivations (Haslam et al. 2011).
In response to these criticisms, alternative perspectives consider the relationship between leaders and followers. These perspectives are informed by political science, sociology, and social psychology. Haslam and colleagues (2011) provide a full review of these approaches. Contingency approaches describe hybrid models that consider the fit between leaders’ competencies and the situational or problem context. Transactional approaches emphasize exchanges of resources, favor, or power between leaders and followers. Transformational approaches view competencies as attributes conferred on leaders by followers, and aim to deduce core leadership strategies that lead followers to want to follow even when the leader is absent. Each approach appears to emerge in response to shortcomings in other models. For instance, transformational approaches aim to redress the loss of leader agency in contingency models and the implicit suggestion in transactional approaches that followers need to be incentivized or coerced. However, transformational models have a legacy of motivating leaders to undertake significant structural change as a measure of success. Some argue that this framing is still underpinned by the notion of the heroic individual, albeit one in which s/he is motivated to mobilize others to pursue collective goals and in which relational dynamics are factored into leadership processes (Conger 1999, as cited in Haslam et al. 2011).
The more recent critical turn in leadership studies sees leadership as more radically relational than earlier framings. It focuses on group processes and is sensitive to context and perspective (Alvesson and Svenningson 2003a, b, Ladkin 2010, Alvesson 2011). Leadership is understood as something that is practiced rather than possessed (Hosking 1988, Gemmill and Oakley 1992, Wood 2005). As argued by Carroll and colleagues (2008), the emphasis on competencies, i.e., on attributes, strategies, and styles of leadership, is more about the what and why than the how of leadership. The result is little clarity on what leaders and followers actually do in pursuit of desired outcomes like social learning, conflict resolution, and sustainable collective action. Practice theories of leadership aim to understand leadership as an everyday process or set of routines (Carroll et al. 2008). In doing so, they are relational as opposed to individualistic, and take into account both emotional aspects (Bolden and Gosling 2006) and structural aspects (Reckwitz 2002) of leadership. Other aspects of the critical turn in leadership studies emphasize the importance of perspective: how different people view the legitimacy of leaders and the success of leadership outcomes (Turnbull et al. 2012). Many leadership scholars have argued for wider anthropological (Jones 2005, 2006), postcolonial (Banerjee 2004, Banerjee and Linstead 2001, 2004), and non-Western (Chia 2003, Jullien 2004, Warner and Grint 2006) perspectives on the phenomenon. Others have highlighted that leaders and leadership can often be dysfunctional, emotionally charged, and toxic (Maccoby 2000, Furnham 2010, Lemmergaard and Muhr 2013). We suggest that seeing leadership as a value-neutral process that can be good, bad, or both, depending on perspective and context, offers a new, more critically informed dimension to environmental leadership research.
In the environmental science literature we reviewed, leadership is too often deployed as a signifier whose meaning is simply assumed. That “we all know what leadership is” appears to be taken for granted, which reduces it to a term of lay convenience rather than one of robust social scientific validity. As such, environmental leadership research is normative and relatively lacking in critical analysis. This is demonstrated in three ways. First, authors promote rather than test desirable leadership competencies or project desirable but assumed qualities onto leaders. A clear example of this is the statement by Gutiérrez et al. (2011:387-388) that “the presence of at least one singular individual with entrepreneurial skills, highly motivated, respected as a local leader and making a personal commitment to the co-management implementation process was essential.” This study captured the presence or absence of a community leader through a binary code and did not assess the skill levels, motivation, or commitment of leaders, yet projected these positive attributes onto leaders present across their global cases.
Second, the presence of leadership is typically associated with successful outcomes, variously defined, and the absence of leadership with failures or stalemates. Indeed, in his meta-analysis of biodiversity conservation cases, Gruber (2010) finds that leadership is identified as important almost twice as often by scientists (74% of papers) as by practitioners (38% of papers), suggesting that the published scientific literature reveals a positive bias toward the importance of leadership.
Third, we argue that the language surrounding environmental leadership portrays it largely as an unequivocal good. In many cases we reviewed, those who “conform” or buy into the environmental governance process are referred to as leaders, whereas those who oppose it are not, regardless of whether or not they garner a following. This suggests the presence of unacknowledged ideological assumptions within the leadership discourse. Folke et al. (2005:54) discuss a set of “characters” that emerge in workshops on adaptive management, distinguishing those who take on leadership roles from those who oppose and criticize. In defining the multiple functions of visionaries and champions, Fabricius et al. (2007:8) refer to those who do not necessarily align with the environmental governance goals as “devious champions.” In contrast, in their review of water policy transitions across 16 cases, Meijerink and Huitema (2010) refer to those who foster or block policy change as entrepreneurs, and they found that policy entrepreneurs use similar strategies whether they advocate for change or the status quo. We noted relatively few studies in environmental leadership that recognized the potential for negative leadership outcomes. We would add, moreover, that leaders do not succeed or fail overall. Whether or not a leader or leadership is seen to be good, effective, supportive, and so on depends very much on the perspective of the observer or those being led, so leadership can be successful for some and fail for others. We believe it is important to redress the normative bias in environmental leadership research.
A subset of the environmental leadership scholarship represents the state of the art. This includes research that (1) considers leadership as a value-neutral variable, so does not assume a priori that it is either good or bad but treats this as an empirical question; (2) queries followers’ perceptions of leaders and disaggregates outcomes; and (3) conceptualizes leadership as a process and empirically investigates leadership tactics. Conceptually, Huitema and Meijerink (2010) note the possibility of advocacy coalitions, which are well recognized in the political science literature (e.g., Sabatier and Weible 2007, Fidelman et al. 2014) and which block or contest the direction of policy change. They suggest that opposing coalitions are particularly effective during implementation stages, when shadow networks and formal policy networks interact. Empirically, some key studies consider interactions between sources of leadership and positive, negative, or mixed governance outcomes (e.g., Chuenpagdee and Jentoft 2007, Carruthers and Rodriguez 2009, Fleischman et al. 2010, Hu 2011, Njaya et al. 2012, Sherval and Greenwood 2012, Ernstson 2013).
More contemporary leadership studies explicitly consider the perceptions and motivations of followers to help explain leadership outcomes. This approach is not typically the focus of research in environmental leadership, despite its use in explaining and, perhaps, predicting outcomes. The only exceptions are the few studies that explore (dis)trust in leaders (Pesqué-Cela et al. 2009, Cinner et al. 2012). The bulk of research on leadership competencies in the environmental sciences assumes that trust, legitimacy, and affirmation of leaders result automatically from the application of the right normative approach.
Finally, Westley and colleagues (2013) recently argued that expanded concepts of entrepreneurship in environmental sciences should replace leadership as the focus of analysis because entrepreneurship can encompass more diverse, more numerous, and more institutionally or contextually embedded change agents. Meijerink and Huitema (2010) refer to this as “collective entrepreneurship.” The concept of entrepreneurship emerges from literature that investigates the role of agents within broader policy and problem domains or interorganizational contexts and so is particularly appropriate for research on environmental leadership. As such, the research emphasis shifts to the practices of a number of actors at different stages of the process and at different scales in the system. Parallel work on brokers in network theory emphasizes the linking function of leaders or change agents and in doing so recognizes the embeddedness of such actors in social and institutional structures (Bodin et al. 2006, Bodin and Crona 2008, Ernstson 2013). These conceptual developments are important and need the support of more empirical research. Westley and colleagues (2013) recognize that more work is needed to identify who these entrepreneurs are and how they practice their craft or “mobilise the central skills” to sense-make, build partnerships, resolve conflicts, leverage resources, and so on (see also Huitema and Meijerink 2010). We would add that, in particular, understanding the synergistic and antagonistic relationships among entrepreneurs is key to explaining governance outcomes.
To summarize, the creative edge in environmental leadership research is beginning to critically analyze (1) multiple, interacting leaders, (2) leadership practices and processes, (3) leadership in different contexts, and (4) leadership outcomes from different perspectives. These efforts should be the focus of future environmental leadership research. Furthermore, we suggest that when studies acknowledge synergistic or contested interactions between leaders and the potential for both positive and negative leadership outcomes, they rarely have considered the views, motivations, and behaviors of followers. Giving followers a voice is essential for understanding environmental leadership outcomes from different perspectives. Treating leadership interactions, processes, and outcomes as analytical rather than normative concepts will significantly improve the scientific robustness of environmental leadership research. We can only hint at the rich insight to be gained from contemporary leadership studies. We suggest that environmental leadership research would benefit from closer engagement with disciplines including sociology, social and political psychology, and geography, each of which possesses well-established traditions of critical thinking.
This work was funded by a Collaboration Across Boundaries grant from James Cook University. Louisa Evans and Christina Hicks thank the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies for support. Philippa Cohen and David Mills are grateful for support from an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research grant (FIS/2012/074) and the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems. Many thanks to two anonymous reviewers for detailed and thoughtful comments on previous versions of this manuscript.
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Since Columbus Day became an annual national holiday in 1934, our presidents usually mark the day with some proclamation or public statement. President Franklin Roosevelt (1882–1945) issued many such statements during his four terms in office (1933–45). This one, from October 12, 1940, was made as World War II was raging in Europe, but before the United States would enter the war a year later. Though not yet part of the conflict, the US was already supplying Great Britain and other European allies with war supplies—first under the “Cash and Carry” program of 1939, which permitted the US to sell materiel to Britain, and later under the “Lend-Lease” program, signed into law five months after this speech, which provided for the giving of direct material aid to the country’s allies.
What about Columbus does President Roosevelt choose to celebrate? What lessons does he want Americans to draw from Columbus’ example, especially given the crisis already engulfing much of the world? Are those lessons of Columbus’ life and work still relevant or important to us today?
The voyage of Christopher Columbus and his diminutive fleet toward the unknown west was not only a prelude to a new historical era. For the brave navigator it was the culmination of years of bold speculation, careful preparation, and struggle against opponents who had belittled his great plan and thwarted its execution.
Expounding the strange doctrine that beyond the ocean stood solid, habitable earth, Columbus had first to make his views plausible to his doubting patrons and then to overcome the seemingly endless array of obstacles with which men of little minds barred the way to the fitting out of a fleet. Even when the three small ships were well away on their epoch-making course the crews mutinied and demanded that he turn back. Columbus, however, held to his course and on the morning of October 12, 1492, the welcome land was sighted.
The courage and the faith and the vision of the Genoese navigator glorify and enrich the drama of the early movement of European people to America. Columbus and his fellow voyagers were the harbingers of later mighty movements of people from Spain, from Columbus’s native Italy and from every country in Europe. And out of the fusion of all these national strains was created the America to which the Old World contributed so magnificently.
This year when we contemplate the estate to which the world has been brought by destructive forces, with lawlessness and wanton power ravaging an older civilization, and with our own republic girding itself for the defense of its institutions, we can revitalize our faith and renew our courage by a recollection of the triumph of Columbus after a period of grievous trial.
The promise which Columbus’s discovery gave to the world, of a new beginning in the march of human progress, has been in process of fulfillment for four centuries. Our task is now to make strong our conviction that in spite of setbacks that process will go on toward fulfillment.
Return to The Meaning of Columbus Day. | <urn:uuid:ba85764f-a0ce-4a63-b1e2-2fb6b31665e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whatsoproudlywehail.org/curriculum/the-american-calendar/statement-on-columbus-day-1940 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.96965 | 630 | 3.96875 | 4 |
These weather sites have been collected by our members as we monitor both weather conditions and incoming tropical storms.
Live webcams in various cities in Japan. These are useful when tracking incoming typhoons or other weather events by a selected area. http://www.goandroam.com/webcams/japan/
Tropical Cyclone Information, Japan Meteorological Agency
Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)
Operated by the U.S. Navy, coverage includesNorthwest Pacific/North Indian Ocean
General weather, wind patterns, weather predictions (models).
By: Lightning….Lee( Aka @Thunder-scribble)
First this place, they monitor Typhoons and have historical data and tracks-
They are also monitoring and predicting (with computer modeling) the wind patterns around the Fukushima plant.
Simple version(Tiled-10m height only);
Advanced version (Marker-variable height 10m-16,000m);
allows user to change to different Atmospheric levels(10m-16,000m) to see what is going on up higher with the wind.
Real-time monitoring located here;
These guys also have some good information on Typhoons from the past and will no doubt become very handy in the future. The links already posted here are also a good start (Jap MET & JTWC).
A good resource can be found here:-
It has a few different models available but [extreme caution] should be used when looking at models! In meteorology computer models can be used to predict things, computer models vary with their accuracy and most are [never completely right], especially on a “single run” but “ensembles” can be a very useful indicator, ensembles are created when they combine the last several runs into one median result. Another feature that is useful here too is located on the side panel “Parameter”(information available varies between models)different things like upper level winds and the like can be displayed and looking at the Zero hour picture conditions at the time can be assumed to be current.
Still on this site but about Fukushima,
They are currently running a dedicated Fukushima page, it has an absolute multitude of information on it! It has models for dispersion (ZAMG,HYSPLIT,EURAD and FlEXPART), it contains links to TEPCO webcam, has Radiation doses for Tokyo and a list/map of testing stations, Current weather and also has in a little picture link at the bottom, the streamline winds earlier mentioned are right there at a click of a button as well as a satellite image link also. It also has further information located in the “More information” tab.
(Note: I am tragic at Meteorology, I can’t predict things well and I can’t read conditions much better but I am always open to questions, if I can’t answer them I may be able to take them to people who can answer them.)
Fukushima prefecture specific.
AMeDAS real time(Select station of interest)
Closest 4 stations to Fukushima NPP
(Note on JMA, they are just a recreation of the AMeDAS real time data)
(Note on wind statistics, the figures shown on maps indicate the sustained wind force NOT the absolute maximum gust, different met agencies use different sustain periods to separate winds and gusts, I am unsure on the duration JMA use, selecting a station can show both its wind and max gust)
Fukushima disaster related page- http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/news/fukushima
They are currently running a dedicated Fukushima page, it has an absolute multitude of information on it! It has models for dispersion (ZAMG,HYSPLIT,EURAD and FlEXPART), it contains links to TEPCO webcam, has Radiation doses for Tokyo and a list/map of testing stations, Current weather and also has in a little picture link at the bottom, the streamline winds earlier mentioned are right there at a click of a button as well as a satellite image link also. It also has further information located in the “More information” tab
TYPHOON and weather monitoring/prediction/forecast.
Links for multiple information sites, contains large amounts of data and links as well as monitoring.(Best resource for weather novices)
Wunderground, good site for everything, contains a multitude of links for information from sst’s to satellite images.
Crown weather service, monitors constantly with embedded information from a great deal of sources including CMISS products, NOAA products and other similar analysis sites.
Tropical storm risk, provides tracking and analysis as well as seasonal predictions.
Wikipedia, basic monitoring and analysis, contains list of regional forecasts and season forecasts from different agencies/groups.
NOAA two week basic assessment and prediction.
Tropical Strom Risk assessment of the 2011 season. Contains storm tracker at home page.
NCEP/EMC Cyclogenesis Tracking Page-Grid data of possible cyclogenesis as predicted by modeling.
NOAA all latest products list.
NOAA Satelite for the NrthWestern Pacific-
Other monitoring/prediction products
CMISS all western pacific products. Shear, vorticity, steering, wind ect! Used to analyze a cyclone/typhoon/hurricanes environment and current and future movements, intensity, landfall.
SSt’s. Sea surface temperatures, typhoons need warn water for development and continued strengthening.
This article would not be possible without the extensive efforts of the SimplyInfo research team
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The application window for the Woodland Creation grant has been open for over a month and we are pleased to have received over 140 requests for maps so far.
An annotated application map is necessary for anyone wishing to complete a Woodland Creation application. As there is a five-day turnaround for the map request service, we urge everyone interested in applying for this grant to request maps from Natural England by 24 March.
The Countryside Stewardship Woodland Creation grant, managed by Forestry Commission, is open for applications until Thursday 31 March. We are encouraging as many people as possible to access the funding, so advise contacting Natural England and requesting your maps to support your application forms now!
You can find contact details for Natural England offices in Annex A of the Countryside Stewardship: woodland creation grant manual 2016. | <urn:uuid:c30141fc-2a45-48b8-a6bc-7c2744cade5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ruralpayments.blog.gov.uk/2016/03/17/woodland-creation-request-your-map-now/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.943408 | 165 | 1.515625 | 2 |
When you think of fitness, you probably picture hitting the gym, keeping your body trim and building muscle tone. Physical fitness is a vital aspect of leading a healthier lifestyle. But your body isn’t the only thing that needs a fitness regimen. Some people don’t realize that the brain is a muscle. Mental workout exercises keep your brain sharp and toned so your mental and emotional health are in tip-top shape.
Mental Fitness Tips and Exercises
Mental fitness involves a series of exercises that flex and train your mind. After you finish school, whether high school or higher education, the mind can get a little flabby. Through active memory training, you can continue to develop your ability to reason, solve problems and overcome challenges.
Mental fitness training isn’t as difficult as getting ready to run a marathon, but it does take the same level of dedication. Here are some tips and simple exercises to incorporate mental fitness into your daily routine.
Believe it or not, having fun can do your brain a lot of good. Reasoning games like crossword puzzles, Sudoku or even a competitive round of Catan are great ways to build your brain muscles and keep your mind sharp. Even challenging, fast-paced video games that incorporate logic can increase your ability to learn new tasks, boost your reaction time and improve your attention span.
Read Often and Read Widely
From the latest thrillers to lengthy biographies to newspaper articles, reading is a great brain workout. With each sentence, your brain processes the words and recalls their meaning instantly. Plus, the act of visualizing what you’re reading flexes your imagination and makes your brain light up.
There are countless genres and types of reading material to choose from. Staying curious and keeping an active interest in the world around you keeps your brain working fast and efficiently.
Learn Something New
Learning a new skill or hobby works multiple areas of your brain and builds new neural pathways. Whether it’s studying Shakespeare or learning to cook, different skillsets challenge your brain and give it something new to think about. As an added bonus, hobbies like knitting, woodworking and other activities that require you to move both sides of your body at the same time improve your spatial awareness and reaction time.
Take the Time to Be Bored
Our world is constantly go, go, go. Spending a little bit of downtime sitting, reflecting and meditating can lead to some huge leaps in creativity. When you are rushing around from one thing to the next, there’s no opportunity to give your brain a rest. Just relaxing will reduce excess stress hormones that can be harmful to your brain.
The Importance of Mental Fitness in Recovery
Recovery is a journey of self-discovery and self-improvement. As you break free from drugs or alcohol, you realize the importance of creating a healthier lifestyle — in your body, mind and spirit. While physical fitness and spiritual wellness are important, the mind is too often neglected. Keeping up with your mental fitness will help you face any challenges with optimism and a sharp mind.
At 7 Summit Pathways, our team of interdisciplinary specialists offers multidimensional and holistic therapies to support your Recovery. To learn more, contact us today or schedule an appointment to speak with a caring and compassionate professional. | <urn:uuid:1b659ba0-e48e-4c3d-b54b-972c9a6a6dc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://7summitpathways.com/blog/improve-mental-fitness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.925536 | 683 | 2.921875 | 3 |
What comes to mind when you hear the word flavonoids?
Do you think of red wine, green tea, or chocolate? These foods have become famous for their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that come from special plant compounds called flavonoids, a type of phytonutrients (like resveratrol and anthocyanins).
However, there’s one lesser-known functional food that boasts large amounts of flavonoids too: grape seed extract (GSE).
Grape seed extract has been researched for its numerous health benefits including heart disease prevention, antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant properties, and brain protection.
Today you’ll learn everything you need to know about using GSE for optimal health.
Let’s start with a quick look at its history.
A Brief History of Grapes and Health
Grape by-products have been used for millennia in different civilizations to treat and prevent diseases.
Archaeologists discovered the first winemakers in recorded history lived in a small Stone Age village in 5,800 BC in the Republic of Georgia, located between Asia and Europe. They used fresh grapes each time because there were no preservation methods.(1)
A few thousand miles West, Ancient Greece was one of the earliest regions to mass-produce wine over 6,500 years ago. Greek doctors – including Hippocrates – prescribed it in moderation as a digestive aid, analgesic, and to treat fevers. Since Greeks became leading traders of wine, they helped spread the medicinal uses of wine and grapes to other regions of Europe.(2)
In Africa, the Egyptians used red and white wine to steep healing herbs like mint and sage.
Grape seeds have been a waste product for most of history because there were no known methods for extracting the nutrients inside them, but that changed in 20th century.
In the 1940s, French researcher Jacques Masquelier was the first one to develop techniques for the extraction of grape seeds, and inside them he discovered powerful phytonutrients called oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPCs). Interestingly, he originally named them vitamin P (for proanthocyanidins), but now they’re simply known as OPCs or condensed tannins.
Modern grape seed extract exists thanks to this invention. Let’s dive into what it is and what it can do for you.
What Is Grape Seed Extract?
Grape seed extract (GSE) is an industrial derivative of the seeds of multiple common grapes (Vitis vinifera), which carry a potent phytonutrient called oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPCs). These flavonoids are responsible for most of GSE’s health benefits. It also contains flavonoids like epicatechin and catechin in lower amounts.
By weight, grape seed extract is made of:
- 74-81% oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPCs)
- Less than 6% flavonols like catechin, epicatechin, and gallic acid esters (3)(4)
Bioavailability of Grape Seed Extract
The effectiveness of grape seed extract has been heavily debated because there were no conclusive studies about its bioavailability (how much your body can actually use).
Here’s the bad news:
OPCs in general are poorly absorbed. Most of them are stable in the stomach, pass unaltered through the small intestine, and degrade into small phenolic acids in your colon, never being absorbed into your bloodstream.
Now here’s the good news:
There’s always an exception to the rule. The only OPCs your body can use are those with small molecules. Research finds that only OPCs made of one (monomer), two (dimers), or three (trimers) molecules are properly absorbed but the rest are not.(4)
So what does that mean for grape seed extract?
Luckily, a high amount of the OPCs in grape seed extract have small molecules:
- 56% have two molecules (dimeric)
- 12% have three molecules (trimeric)
- There are small amounts of single molecules (monomeric)
This means a significant portion of GSE is highly absorbable.
In summary, GSE is rich in OPCs and it’s well-absorbed, but not all extracts are created equal.
The quality of your GSE depends heavily on the extraction method.
How Grape Seed Extract Is Made
There are several patented methods for extracting the OPCs of grape seeds. Some techniques use solvents and others use only water.
The most common extraction method involves solvents. Here’s a step-by-step of how it happens:
Step 1. Pre-extraction: Seeds are separated from the skins and stems, washed with water and dried in the open air away from direct sunlight.
Step 2. Grinding: The dried seeds are crushed in a grinder at periodic intervals to avoid overheating.
Step 3. Defatting: Crushed seeds are soaked in hexane overnight to dissolve the fat in them.
Step 4: Extraction: Defatted seeds are extracted through temperature-controlled percolation (filtering) using a solvent like aqueous ethanol, methanol, or acetone.(5)
To avoid using solvents that can be detrimental to humans, some companies use a more expensive water extraction method.
This process involves:
- Heating up the dried seeds with increased pressure and reduced oxygen to obtain an aqueous mixture of OPCs.
- Extracting through reverse osmosis.(6)
Water extraction tends to be more expensive, but it can produce a higher-quality extract.
Grape Seed Extract vs. Grapes
You may be wondering… can’t you simply eat grapes to get the magical benefits of OPCs?
Here’s how a grape stores its polyphenols(10):
- 10% in the fruit (none of which are OPCs)
- 28-35% in the peel
- 60-70% in the seeds
Considering you won’t eat the seeds, you’d have to eat only grape skins to get the OPCs, which would be difficult.
That’s what makes GSE so special: it unlocks the OPCs hidden in the seeds that you wouldn’t normally eat.
Here’s how GSE compares to a grapes:
The percentage of OPCs in grapes change depending on the plant variety, point of harvesting, and season of the year.
In one study, the amount of OPCs and catechins in different grapes was in the range of 230-1108 mg/kg, with the majority concentrated in the seeds. The skins held 4-61 mg/kg while the seeds had a whopping 185-1074 mg/kg. (8)
As you can see, the range is broad and you have no way of telling if the grapes you buy at the supermarket fall in the lower or higher range.
Grape seed extract
Meanwhile, a single capsule of pure grape seed extract can give you up to 112 mg of polyphenols.
The difference is clear. Unless you are willing to eat a couple pounds of grape skins and seeds, a grape seed extract is your best bet.
Grape Seed Oil vs. Grape Seed Extract
They’re often confused, but grape seed extract is not the same as grape seed oil.
Grape seed oil is made for cooking and it’s extracted through cold-pressing, where the seeds are pressed with a machine until they release their oil. It retains many nutrients like polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E.
On the other hand, grape seed extract is made for supplementation, not cooking. It’s extracted through intricate solvent or water-based processes and contains mostly OPCs. It can come in either powder or tablet form.
10 Science-Backed Health Benefits of Grape Seed Extract
Grape seed extract has been widely researched for its protective effects. Here are the top 10 ways GSE improves your health:
#1. Contains Powerful Antioxidants
The phytonutrients in grape seeds have powerful free-radical scavenging activities.
Research finds that GSE can successfully fight two types of harmful free radicals: the stable DPPH and short-lived hydroxyl free radicals. One of the extracts tested was able to scavenge 54 to 82% of free radicals.(11)
Another study showed that OPCs increased the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in the blood. The FRAP measures the antioxidant power of foods.(12)
Thanks to these effects, GSE can promote longevity.
#2. Reduces Inflammation
OPCs are highly anti-inflammatory. They can reduce inflammatory molecules in the blood, bones, and pancreas.
In one study, OPCs reduced inflammatory molecules in the pancreas of people with diabetes.(13)
Another study found GSE can help prevent bone destruction in inflammatory diseases like arthritis.(14)
Since inflammation is central in allergies, GSE may also help manage and reduce allergic reactions.
#3. Kills Bacteria
Grape seed extract has strong antibacterial effects on gram-positive bacteria, like Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus. These strains are responsible for multiple skin conditions like skin infections, wound infections, cellulitis, acne, abscesses, pneumonia, meningitis, and toxic shock syndrome.(15)(16)
GSE also stops the growth of a bacteria called Listeria monocytogenes, which creates an infection called listeriosis.(17)
B-type OPCs are also effective against the yeast Candida albicans, which causes candida.(17)
Lastly, grape seed extract can prevent tooth decay and periodontitis by fighting the harmful activity of P. micros (a bacteria that triggers periodontal diseases).(17)
#4. Improves Heart Health
Supplementation with grape seed extract can improve many cardiovascular factors, including your lipid profile, blood pressure, heart rate, and circulation.
In one study, otherwise healthy smokers were given GSE for 8 weeks. Vascular function (blood flow) remained unaltered, and subjects had a 5% reduction in total cholesterol and 7% in low density lipoprotein (LDL), aka bad cholesterol.(20) The extract also prevents the oxidation of LDL, stopping the formation of plaques.(3)
Another way it keeps the heart healthy is through improved circulation. GSE relaxes your blood vessels so the blood can flow freely.(21)
#5. Protects Eye Health
#6. Helps To Manage And Prevent Diabetes
GSE extract can be beneficial for people with diabetes.
Studies find it can reduce markers of inflammation, glycemia, and oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as improve conditions of hyperlipidemia (high lipids) and hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).(3)
#7. Fights Cancer Cells
#8. Protects And Boosts Cognitive Function
Grape seed extract can protect cognitive function and prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease.
#9. Improves Skin Complexion And Wound Healing
Grape seed extract protects and bonds with collagen and elastin – two proteins necessary for skin health – to promote youthful skin, cell health, and skin elasticity and flexibility.(26)
Due to this effect, GSE may also accelerate wound healing.
#10. Reduces Leg Swelling
If you sit for long periods of time, GSE can keep your legs from swelling. One study found that in women who sat for 6 hours after GSE intake, leg swelling factors (distension and fluids) were significantly inhibited.(27)
How Much Grape Seed Extract Can I Take?
How To Choose The Best Grape Seed Extract
There are many grape seed extracts in the market, so it can be hard to find the ones with the best quality.
When you’re shopping for a good GSE, make sure you checks the boxes:
Check #1: Powder Form Over Tablet
Grape seed extracts can come in powder, tablet, or capsule form.
Powdered GSE has a few advantages over tablets, including:
- It dissolves faster in water and stomach acid.
- It needs fewer ingredients, while tablets need extra compounds to hold the shape, form, and consistency of a tablet.
- They’re generally the purest form of OPCs.
For instance, some of the grape seed extract tablets on the market contain over 10 ingredients including fillers, stabilizers, binders, and texture enhancers, such as cellulose and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (not a typo). These are required to form tablets, but you can skip them simply by choosing a powdered GSE.
Check #2: Provides More Than 90% Total Polyphenols
You need to pay attention to two important numbers when choosing your grape seed extract: serving size and percentage of total polyphenols.
A regular serving size (scoop, tablespoon, capsule) will provide between 150-600 mg of GSE. Under that number, it should say the percentage of actual polyphenols the serving size provides. Shoot for 90% total polyphenol content or more (hint: it’s never 100%).
Here’s why the serving size is different from the polyphenol content:
GSE usually comes with other ingredients like carriers, flavors, or sweeteners that are counted in the total serving size. The percentage of total polyphenols is there so you know how pure your extract is.
Any GSE providing less than 90% total polyphenols may be lower quality or contain other ingredients that dilute its potency.
Check #3: Water-Dissolved vs. Solvent-Dissolved
Solvent-dissolved GSE may contain traces of potentially harmful solvents such as acetone. These solvents are usually removed by evaporation, but depending on the quality of the process there could be traces in the final product.
Water-dissolved GSE doesn’t have that potential risk because it doesn’t use solvents at any point.
Check #4: No Fillers or Sweeteners
Low-quality GSE will be mixed with unnecessary ingredients like fillers, colorants, and sweeteners to cut costs and make the extract more palatable.
Sweeteners like corn syrup or sucrose can spike your blood sugar and contribute to energy crashes, so make sure your GSE doesn’t have them.
To get the purest grape seed extract, make sure to read the ingredient label. The fewer ingredients, the better.
Grape seed extract shouldn’t be taken if…
- You’re pregnant. There’s not enough evidence yet about its safety for pregnant women. However, animal studies have found no adverse effects on pregnant rats and even positive metabolic effects in male offspring.(29)(30) Always consult with your doctor before taking any medications or supplements while pregnant. It’s also not recommended for children.
- You have a bleeding disorder. Grape seed extract can act as a blood thinner, so if you have a bleeding disorder it can put you at a higher risk of bleeding out.
- You’re going to have surgery. Again, because it can thin the blood, it’s not recommended before surgery.
- You’re taking blood thinners or aspirin. Due to its blood-thinning effects, GSE shouldn’t be taken with medications like warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), or aspirin.
It’s highly uncommon for people to experience side effects while taking GSE, but some reports have shown the following side effects in certain people:
- Sore throat
- Itchy scalp
- Stomach ache
- Dry mouth
- Muscle pain
- Acute weakness
Consult with your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms after taking GSE.
Boost Your Health With This Powerful Phytonutrient
The OPCs in grape seed extract have impressive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can boost your health, particularly if you suffer from poor circulation, cardiovascular problems, candida, skin conditions, or diabetes.
Since the OPCs in grapes are concentrated mostly in the seeds, it’s virtually impossible to get enough of them from your diet, so a GSE is the only way to absorb these phytonutrients.
To reap the full benefits, choose a water-extracted grape seed extract with over 90% polyphenols and few ingredients.
Try RealReds phytonutrient blend to give your body a dose not only of protective grape seed OPCs but also 7 other types of polyphenols from different superfoods including pomegranate and blueberry.
Steve Sisskind, M.D.
Hi, I'm Dr. Steve Sisskind, Chief Medical Officer & Founder at RealDose Nutrition.
As a young physician, I struggled because my patients came to me with serious health issues, but I didn't have the right tools to help them. Medical school taught me how to put "band aids" on their symptoms with drugs and surgery, but not how to address the root causes of their problems.
Years later I discovered a better approach... based on the fundamental idea that the power of nutrition can transform your health and vitality. But there's a lot of confusion... What foods should I eat? Which supplements should I take? What does the science say?
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(2) Jouanne, J. (2012). Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen. Retrieved from http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/books/b9789004232549s011
(3) de la Iglesia, R., Milagro, F. I., Campión, J., Boqué, N. and Martínez, J. A. (2010). Healthy properties of proanthocyanidins. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232344
(4) Yilmazer-Musa, M., Griffith, A. M., Michels, A. J., Schneider, E., & Frei, B. (2012). Inhibition of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Activity by Tea and Grape Seed Extracts and their Constituent Catechins. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356113/
(5) Youseff, D., El Adawi, H. (2006). Study On Grape Seeds Extraction And Optimization: An Approach. Retrieved from: http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/jas/2006/2944-2947.pdf
(6) Chikoto, H. (2004). Extraction Of Grape Seed To Produce A Proanthocyanidin Rich Extract. Retrieved from https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/40216/Chikoto_Ectraction_2004.pdf?sequence=1
(7) De Freitas, V.A.P., Glories, Y. and Monique, A. (2000). Developmental Changes of Procyanidins in Grapes of Red Vitis vinifera Varieties and Their Composition in Respective Wines. Retrieved from: http://www.ajevonline.org/content/51/4/397.article-info
(8) Revilla, E., Alonso, E. and Kovac, V. (1997) The content of catechins and procyanidins in grapes and wines as affected by agroecological factors and technological practices. Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-1997-0661.ch007
(9) Kennedy JA, Matthews MA, Waterhouse AL. 2000. Changes in grape seed polyphenols during fruit ripening. Retrieved from http://matthews.ucdavis.edu/publications-1/Kennedy-%202000.pdf
(10) Kennedy JA, Matthews MA, Waterhouse AL. 2000. Changes in grape seed polyphenols during fruit ripening. Retrieved from http://matthews.ucdavis.edu/publications-1/Kennedy-%202000.pdf
(11) Mandic, A., Dilas, S., Ćetković, G., Čanadanović-Brunet, J., & Tumbas, V. (2008). Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Grape Seed Extract. Retrived from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10942910701584260
(12) Busserolles, J., Gueux, E., Balasinska, B., Piriou, Y., Rock, E., Rayssiguier, Y., Mazur, A. (2006). In vivo antioxidant activity of procyanidin-rich extracts from grape seed and pine (Pinus maritima) bark in rats. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16711653
(13) Yin, W., Li, B., Li, X., Yu, F., Cai, Q., Zhang, Z., Cheng, M., Gao, H., (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 on a diabetic pancreas. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26207855
(14) Park, J-S., Park, M-K., Oh, H-J., Woo, Y-J., Lim, M-A., Lee, J-H. et al (2012) Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract as suppressors of bone destruction in inflammatory autoimmune arthritis. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251512
(15) Georgiev, V., Ananga, A., & Tsolova, V. (2014). Recent Advances and Uses of Grape Flavonoids as Nutraceuticals. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916869/
(16) Woodford, N., Livermore, D. (2009). Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria: A Review of the Global Challenge. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19766888
(17) Rhodes, PL., Mitchell JW., Wilson MW., Melton LD. (2006) Antilisterial activity of grape juice and grape extracts derived from Vitis vinifera variety Ribier. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16386816
(18) Zhang, H., Liu, S., Li, L., et al. (2016). The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27537554
(19) Feringa, H., Laskey, D., Dickson, J., Coleman, C. (2011). The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Retrieved from http://jandonline.org/article/S0002-8223(11)00587-6/fulltext
(20) Weseler, A. R., & Bast, A. (2017). Masquelier’s grape seed extract: from basic flavonoid research to a well-characterized food supplement with health benefits. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5248468/
(21) Cos, P., De Bruyne, T., Hermans,N., Apers, S., Berghe, D.V., Vlietinck, A.J. (2004). Proanthocyanidins in health care: current and new trends. Retrieved from http://www.eurekaselect.com/61998/article
(22) Durukan AH et al. (2006). Ingestion of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract to prevent selenite-induced oxidative stress in experimental cataract. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16814068
(23) Sun, Y., Xiu, C., Liu, W., Tao, Y., Wang, J., & Qu, Y. (2016). Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract protects the retina against early diabetic injury by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4812468/
(24) Abhijit, S., Subramanyam, MVV., Devi, SA. (2017). Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin and Swimming Exercise Protects Against Cognitive Decline: A Study on M1 Acetylcholine Receptors in Aging Male Rat Brain. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28993969
(25) Pasinetti, G. M., & Ho, L. (2010). Role of grape seed polyphenols in Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666959/
(26) Shi, J., Yu, J., Pohorly, J.E., Kakuda,Y. (2003). Polyphenolics in Grape Seeds-Biochemistry and Functionality. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14977436
(27) Sano, A., Tokutake, S., Seo, A. (2012). Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract reduces leg swelling in healthy women during prolonged sitting. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22752876
(28) Kar, P., Laight, D., Rooprai, HK., Shaw, KM., Cummings, M. (2009). Effects of Grape Seed Extract in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects in High Cardiovascular Risk: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial Examining Metabolic Markers, Vascular Tone, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Sensitivity. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19646193
(29) Crescenti A, del Bas JM, Arola-Arnal A, Oms-Oliu G, Arola L, Caimari A. (2015). Grape seed procyanidins administered at physiological doses to rats during pregnancy and lactation promote lipid oxidation and up-regulate AMPK in the muscle of male offspring in adulthood. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26007288
(30) Arola-Arnal, A., Oms-Oliu, G., Crescenti, A., Del Bas, J.M., Ras, M.R., Arola, L. et al (2003). Distribution of grape seed flavanols and their metabolites in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Retrieved from Pubmed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728968 | <urn:uuid:27031f35-c107-4c5d-87ba-3371f5ea84c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.realdosenutrition.com/grape-seed-extract-the-ultimate-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.869493 | 6,124 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Who came up with this idea, anyway?
Blame the Babylonians and Romans who used their new year to reaffirm allegiance to the gods as well as to lesser but still powerful mortals like kings or emperors.
Much later, in 1740, John Wesley developed a religious alternative to holiday partying. These watch night services were held as a renewal of the covenant with God.
Resolutions ran with a powerful crowd.
Ironically, less powerful are today’s resolves, which are about inwardly personal behaviors rather than loyalty to something greater than ourselves. Resolutions about mental health and wellness concerns like partnering, parenting, drinking, drugging, smoking and eating are peer- and culture-expected but given lip service. In an attitude of predetermined failure, resolutions about important behavior changes are almost expected to be broken and quickly forgiven when they are.
Promises expected are promises unkept.
That’s how I feel about New Year’s Resolutions.
Besides, I think most of us change not because we’re supposed to, or even want to, but because we choose to, sometimes for not-very-good reasons. Change is something much greater and often tons more weighty and harder to handle than a New Year’s resolution.
Those choices and changes can’t be scheduled for a certain day, like January 1st. That’d be about as meaningful as marriage vows made in an arena full of other couples. If that’s anything like the resolutions actually kept, about half of those couples are headed for a split after only a month together.
Sitting here at the end of December, I’m in solid company: According to a 2013 CBS poll almost 70% of Americans don’t make New Year’s resolutions at all.
I just hope none of them were married in an arena.
Kathe Skinner is a Marriage and Family Therapist in private practice where she specializes working with couples looking for change within their relationships. She and her husband David live in Colorado with their two change-aversive cats, Petey and Lucy.
copyright, 2014, Being Heard, LLC
Image courtesy of Stuart Miles at FreeDigitalPhotos.net | <urn:uuid:1b47944a-570a-442d-a977-f37d3584b410> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coupleswhogetresults.com/2014/12/31/a-ritual-that-doesnt-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958475 | 456 | 1.734375 | 2 |
We all want other people to understand us. In this lesson, youth learn about needs of differently abled children in their school or community and take a step toward removing barriers. They raise awareness of ways to understand and show respect for people with disabilities through a service project.
The learners will...
- use language that shows respect for people with different abilities than themselves.
- take action to raise awareness and understanding on disabilities.
- take action to remove a barrier at their school or in the community.
video on YouTube "Just Like You: Down Syndrome"
If you have invited an expert to speak to the class, have them share stories and information about the abilities and challenges of the people they serve.
If you don't have a guest speaker, show pictures of famous people with a variety of disabilities, such as Stephen Hawking, Helen Keller, and FDR, as well as non-famous people. Talk about their contributions to society. Show the video "Just Like You" linked above. Ask, "When you hear the term 'person with a disability' what do you think of?"
Define disability and make clear that it does not mean a person “can’t do something/anything.” It means they may need accommodations or equipment (large size print, voice activated computer, appropriate space to maneuver a wheelchair, etc.) Describe how an accommodation helps them be successful.
Discuss why it is essential to treat everyone with respect. Discuss what that looks like. For example, it is respectful when talking about someone who is blind to say "a man who is blind," rather than “a blind man.” This puts the person ahead of the disability.
Discuss the following:
- We are all different. How can our differences make us better?
- Discuss this quote: "The worst thing about a disability is that people see it before they see you." - Easter Seals How can we see and get to know people first?
- How should you talk to someone with a disability that is the same as how you talk to someone without a disability? [Guide students to recognize that everyone can be treated with kindness and understanding.]
We are more alike than different, and our differences can be our super powers. Ask students to think quietly about what their super powers are. A super power can make the world a better place.
Give everyone time to write and draw themselves with a super power, or a trait that helps them do good in the world.
Together, go through the Blue Sky Activity to talk about what they can do to make their communities better. Community may be defined how you choose.
Tell the students about ways to help other people learn better and feel more cared for at school. For example, a person with autism may like to have less stimulus. A person who is deaf may appreciate if more people know American Sign Language.
Help the students plan and take action to learn more and remove a barrier or to accommodate a special need. For example, if there is a person who is deaf at the school, students can teach others American Sign Language for hand spelling the alphabet.
Longer term: Start a Best Buddies chapter at school: www.bestbuddies.org
As an exit ticket, have the students draw a picture of themselves in a group that shows differences make us stronger.
Discuss the following:
- one thing I learned today
- one thing I didn't understand
- one thing I can do to make a difference | <urn:uuid:bcf4b406-7f22-4e21-ab43-6d4ba379d16a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.learningtogive.org/lesson/print/13506 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959933 | 723 | 4.59375 | 5 |
Scylla serrata is the common mudcrab occurring in the estuarine and mangrove areas and is commonly called as “red crab” and it prefers to live in low saline waters. Male crabs of S. serrata grow to 700 to 800 gm at the maximum The export size of the crab is 500 g and above for males and 250 g and above for females.
Crab fattening is widely practiced in Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. Gravid female mud crabs with full orange-red egg masses are in great demand in seafood restaurants of South East Asian countries. Due to its high price, people started to hold immature female crabs in some kind of enclosures and fed them until the gonads developed and filled the mantle cavity. This is how crab “fattening” spread, initially, throughout South East Asian countries. Subsequently, the practice of holding post-moult “water” crab of market size, in some enclosures, for short period of time and feeding them until they completely “flesh out” for getting quick returns also became popular. Cages, pens and small ponds with net are being used for holding crabs for a short period of 3-4 weeks.
The mud crab resource is a natural bounty for our country, which has a potential to change the socio-economic status of the coastal communities. The coastal poor fishermen and educated unemployed youths should realize this fact and take up crab culture or fattening in eco-friendly way to raise their economic status.
This is the process of stocking juvenile crabs (10 g to 250 g) and allowing them to moult and grow. Harvest is done after 3-8 months or once the crab reaches 400 g to 500 g size. Mud crab fattening is the most suitable method for small-scale aquaculture because:
- Turnover is fast, hence, the period between investment and returns is short.
- Fattened crabs can be stocked at higher densities (15 crabs/sq m) compared to grow-out systems (1 crab/sq m) as no molting occurs and therefore losses due to cannibalism are dramatically reduced.
- Short production time reduces the risk of losing crabs to disease, thus, rendering a higher survival rate for fattening (>90%) compared to grow-out systems (40%).
Four methods of oyster culture are practised in the Philippines; broadcast (sabong), stake (tulos), lattice and hanging (bitin, sampayan, horizontal, and tray) methods.
Pond Culture. Pond size of ½ to 1 acre is most suitable for crab culture. However, large size ponds of more than one acre can also be used for this purpose. Sandy soils with a mixture of 50% clay are ideal for culture of these crabs. A water inlet system and an outlet system to drain out water during water exchange should be constructed as in the case of shrimps. The pond should be constructed in such a way that it should hold 3 ½ to 4 feet of water towards the inlet and 4 ½ to 5 feet towards the outlet. A flow through mechanism of water exchange should be there in order to remove any left over organic food material and also to efficiently remove excretory material. A fencing of nylon net used for fishing can be placed on the dike to prevent the escape of the crabs during nighttime. In addition, about 1000 numbers of stone ware, pipes of 6 inch diameter and 1 ½ feet length, worn- out tyres, etc., should be kept at the bottom of the pond through out the dike. The nylon screen fencing should be supported with split bamboos of 1.5-meter height around the pond periphery for preventing the escape of the crabs from climbing over the bunds. The maximum stocking density should be 1crab per sq. metre.
Pen Culture in Ponds. Several units of pens of 4 X 4 X 2.5 m could be made inside the ponds using bamboo strips which are driven 1-1.5 m deep into the soil to prevent the escape of the crabs by burrowing. The pens could be made nearer to the dykes for easy stocking and monitoring. | <urn:uuid:86caf741-b2bb-4183-9bea-7ab6e473ce8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://philippinetambayan.com/tag/alimango-raising/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.93908 | 882 | 3 | 3 |
Objectives of project
The project addresses one of the challenges of the 21st century – capturing CO2 (CCS) and converting CO2 into organic molecules (CCU). CO2 is the major greenhouse gas and reducing the concentration of it in the atmosphere is essential for survival and sustainable living of humans on Earth. Direct emission of CO2 from the Industrial processes and equipment account for more than 22% of all global CO2 emissions. The METAMORPH project will target this anthropogenic production of CO2. We propose a system for direct photocatalytic conversion of CO2 and H2O to fuels and/or chemicals at the industrial site, before it reaches the atmosphere. The produced carbohydrates (ethanol/methanol) can then be reused at the site or transported elsewhere for use in the fuel and other chemical industries.
The current efforts to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere are focused on carbon capture and storage (CCS). CCS is expected to handle about 13 Mt CO2/year, and given the annual emissions in the order of 30 Gt CO2/year is not a sufficient solution to achieve carbon neutrality. Moreover, safety of storage sites has to be ensured for thousands of years that requires technological and economical investment. As an alternative, CCU approach can be employed that utilizes captured CO2 conversion to chemicals/fuels. However european zero emission platform (ZEP) analysis suggests that CCU can only address a small proportion of the emissions with main technological barrier being an efficiency of the CCU materials (carbon footprint of the CCU materials themselves may be higher than CO2 reduced) and economic (the cost of the synthesized products is several times higher). The METAMORPH will combine the state-of-the-art materials to further improve the CCS capacity and achieve the commercially viable CCU solution.
In the first stage of the project a CCS material with superior sorption capacity will be developed. The sorption reactor will be based on carbonized polyaniline (PANi) material in different morphologies: nanofibers, bulk material, microparticles. Such materials were developed by UCT and demonstrated CO2 sorption ability on the order of 9.14 mmol/g, which is the highest capacity achieved for carbon based materials. Then, these CCS materials will be combined with photocatalysts, for CO2 conversion to carbohydrates that can be reused as an industrial raw material. The key limitation of currently available carbon capture and utilization (CCU) materials is their low efficacy in real industrial settings. That is mainly caused by low CO2 concentration reaching the active sites of the photoreactor. During the METAMORPH project, the CO2 absorbing materials (especially polyaniline nanoparticles) will be combined with the photocatalytic systems. That will overcome this problem by locally increasing the CO2 concentration and its availability for photocatalysis. Finally, the combination of these hybrid absorbing/catalytic nanoparticles will be combined with the nanofibrous membranes to further increase the surface area available for the adsorption and providing mechanical support. The use of nanofibrous membranes will also increase the processability of the CCU systems and the ability to incorporate them into the deployable photocatalysts. During the project a new reactor for pilot-scale CO2 capture and photocatalytic conversion into organic molecules and high-value products will be developed. The project will deliver an environmental impact by reducing CO2 emissions (CCS and CCU) and economic impact by production of useful organic molecules (CCU). The CCS and CCU options that will be enabled by METAMORPH are summarized in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Carbon Capture and Utilization Options that will be enabled by METAMORPH membranes. | <urn:uuid:390d4a5b-18b5-457e-9fd9-fb53a308c129> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.metamorph.cz/no/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.912312 | 781 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Patient Rights and Responsibilities
Accessibility and availability
- To get treatment regardless of caste, nationality, disability or source of payment.
- To be provided with immediate care in case of an emergency.
- To complain to the concerned authority without prejudice to your care.
Dignity and privacy
- To receive respect and personal dignity.
- To get suitable privacy for undergoing examination, procedures and treatment.
- To get respect for your spiritual and religious beliefs in a polite manner without obstructing the ongoing treatment and in accordance with the hospital policies.
Protection and safety
- To have a safe and protected environment for you and your relatives
- To be protected from abuse, neglect, assault, harassment, unnecessary use of restraint, manhandling and other similar instances.
Right to information and education
- To be informed about the services and care available at the hospital.
- To have a right to be informed and educated about diagnosis and treatment in a language and format that you can understand.
- To have information of your care providers
- To be informed about your disease, care plan, alternative plans and possible outcomes
- To be educated about safe and effective use of medicines, and their potential side effects, diet and nutrition requirements, Immunization, prevention of infections, where applicable
Involvement in decision making
- To select or change their treating doctor.
- To accept or refuse the medical treatment offered.
- To give informed consent before treatment begins.
- To withdraw your consent for further treatment and refuse treatment after that.
- To be fully involved in decision making about your care.
- To be given the opportunity to ask questions.
Treatment cost to be declared
- To be provided the tentative bill amount for “package” surgeries and planned hospitalization or any treatment which does not fall under a “package” surgery.
- To be provided with the rough estimate of bill amount before any type of treatment.
- To get information of day to day hospital bills in accordance with policy.
Confidentiality of information
- All information regarding the patient’s background (medical or non-medical) will be kept confidential except in instances where disclosure is required by law.
- Family members may also be denied access to certain information unless consented to by the patient. This will not apply to minors, and individuals who are incapable of exercising rational decision making.
- Only those staff members who are involved in patient care or are specifically authorized by the hospital will have the right to access patient information.
Voicing of complaints
- Patients and their persons living with patient [attendants] can voice their complaints in case they feel aggrieved.
- To receive feedback on action taken for complaints registered in the hospital
- PATIENT’S RESPONSIBILITIES
- To provide correct & detailed history of your healthcare problems to your doctor.
- To fully understand the treatment and its “risks and benefits” before and during the stay of the patient in the hospital.
- To follow the treatment plans established by the consultant doctor, nurse, and other healthcare professionals.
- To understand that in case you do not follow or discontinue the treatment prescribed by the care provider during and after your hospital stay, you will be held solely responsible for the adverse consequences if any.
- To understand that in case you leave against medical advice it will be at your own risk and responsibility.
- To pay the hospital bills as and when requested.
- To co-operate with Hospital Staff as required for all hospital cleaning and treatment protocols.
- To strictly follow these hospital rules:
- To keep your mobile phones on silent mode.
- Do not make noise or create a nuisance.
- Do not talk loudly.
- Only one person [called “Attendant”] is permitted in the patient’s room.
- This hospital is a “Tobacco and Alcohol Free Zone”. Use of tobacco in any form like smoking, chewing, sniffing etc is strictly prohibited. Consumption alcohol is strictly prohibited.
- Spitting anywhere in the hospital premises is strictly prohibited.
- Entry to admitted patients areas is permitted only by taking permission from nursing staff or doctors. Please follow the rules strictly. This helps in early health recovery of patients.
- Patient Attendants are responsible for their belongings.
- In case you have any complaints please contact the Floor In charge or Admin Manager
- Any person who enters a property with intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult or annoy, is said to commit “Criminal Trespass”.
- Whoever with intent to cause, or knowing that he is likely to cause, wrongful loss or damage to the public or to any person, causes the destruction of any property, or any such change in any property or in the situation thereof as destroys or diminishes its value or utility, or affects it injuriously, commits “Mischief”.
Awareness of Staff
All the staff members of Global Longlife Hospital will be trained and sensitized on their responsibilities in protecting patient rights.
Patient’s Grievance Redressal:
The management of Global Longlife Hospital shall be responsible to address the patients grievances with respect to patient’s right and management keep records of violation of patient rights and take corrective/preventive measures to prevent recurrences. Grievance Redressal mechanism for patients in Global Hospital is always accessible. Information shall be clearly displayed on how to voice a complaint. | <urn:uuid:4be6a098-99d7-4e82-80f7-631e74751ede> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalhospital.co.in/patient-rights-and-responsibilities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.910617 | 1,143 | 2.171875 | 2 |
New ideas spurred by reading, potentially for future expansion and refinement.
Questions relating to the the text. What’s missing? What should have been asked or addressed? What biases exist that should be addressed?
Paraphrases and [[progressive summaries]] of articles or portions of articles. Restatements of ideas which may be reused in other contexts.
Basic, usually new, facts highlighted for future use and/or [[spaced repetition]]
Old school sententiae, aphorisms, and quotes for use in the future
Direct communication with others
Phatic notes and Reactions
Reactions, exhortations (Ha!, funny, ROFL, LOL, etc.), reacji, !, ?, ⭐, basic signs of life while reading
Are there any big holes I’m missing based on your experiences? | <urn:uuid:21088b1a-47f4-45b9-b2c7-9304bd09c685> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chrisaldrich.wordpress.com/tag/note-taking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.843373 | 198 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Modular office units
Modular office units are basic prefabricated modular building units. They can be used individually or can be combined into much bigger, multi-story office buildings. Using prefabricated units expedites the process of manufacturing and assembly on construction sites. Prefabrication is also a more precise process than a conventional way of construction, therefore ensuring the end result is a well-designed and pleasant office space. Prefabricated modular office buildings can be used as a permanent extension, a self-standing office building, or as a temporary office space solution. Temporary modular office buildings are designed for easy assembly, disassembly, efficient transportation and multiple uses in different locations. They are particularly useful for companies which need office space for projects in different locations, such as in the construction industry, military, or in business which fluctuates seasonally. | <urn:uuid:5f818a65-0067-4416-a5e5-78fbb7c6d919> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.finest-advice.com/modular-office-units-rem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947235 | 174 | 1.984375 | 2 |
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Play for the baby and for a little physical strength, the experience of motion for the mother. Together, they have strengthened their spiritual relationship. "Every smile you send back to you"The exercise is kindly recommended for the first period after childbirth, just after the baby is over.
Exercise: You lie flat on your supine knee, place the baby securely in your lap, lift your tibia and ride it in small rhythmic movements. Repeat for 21 unbelievable crosses.
What are you doing? You strengthen your pelvis and back muscles in playful form. By moving your child, you also work your thighs and charisma.
Exercise: You lie flat on your back, baby lying on your shoulders. In the middle you get close to your face and kiss. Repeat three times 12.
What are you doing? You can move your stomach muscles without strain, and the weight of your child will help you gain more effective leg lifting.
Exercise: The baby is looking over you, with your face at an elevation to see each other. Emboss on your sparkle, your spine on your sparkle. Repeat at least 15 times.
What are you doing? With rhythmic movement, you control the baby's attention while massaging your back muscles and relieving spinal tension.
Exercise: The baby is lying on the carpet and you are trying to lean on the baby's head with your arms outstretched. Keep it out of 21 unbelievable crosses.
What are you doing? With this relaxed, stretching exercise you can relieve the back pain that often occurs during breastfeeding and soothe the baby.
Downward looking dog
Exercise: You kneel over your baby and then lift your hands and stretch your legs at the same time. Hold it for 10 breaths the first week, 21 for the second one.
What are you doing? This posture, which is one of the harder exercises, opens up the whole body while relieving internal tension.
Exercise: Leaning over your baby, you stretch your arms and legs. Hold it for 10 short breaths, and do the same on the other side. Repeat it twice, ten times since the second week.
What are you doing? By lifting your body asymmetrically, you strengthen your balance, your muscles, and increase your self-confidence.
To make it easier for you to follow the exercises, we have also produced a nice, A4-sized version of the article! | <urn:uuid:c4c5598b-9bf9-4972-85c9-4c1e5f0c6f66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ss.aceaustin.org/1666-baby-mama-gymnastics-in-the-yoga-spirit.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.930137 | 573 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Does Trollcoin depend on Bitcoin? Based on the correlation analysis, BTC and TROLL have a very strong positive relationship. The correlation coefficient of their values is 0.90, which was estimated based on the last 100-days' price dynamics of both assets.
This coefficient may range from -1 to 1, where -1 is the strongest negative correlation, 0 is no correlation at all and 1 is the strongest positive correlation.
The negative coefficient points that the prices of the cryptocurrencies are moving in the contrary trend while the positive coefficient indicates that the prices are going in the same trend. For example, if Bitcoin and Trollcoin connection is positively strong, it means that when BTC is growing TROLL will rise as well. The negative strong relation will indicate that when BTC is rising TROLL value will be in contrary decreasing.
The knowledge of the correlation coefficient helps to estimate in percentage the influence of Bitcoin over Trollcoin. If we take all the aspects affecting the price of TROLL as 100%, then the share of BTC price among these factors will be 81.00%. The other part which is 19.00% covers all the other aspects, such as news, technological releases or politics. | <urn:uuid:17877602-7dd8-4c19-ad63-259b4d62a8b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coinpredictor.io/altcoins/bitcoin-trollcoin-correlation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931046 | 243 | 2.015625 | 2 |
New Delhi, April 28, 2016 : Kimberly-Clark (K-C), global leader in hygiene products,in association with not-for-profit partner Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) India, inaugurated the ‘Toilets Change Lives’ campaign today at a government primary school in Chandanhola, New Delhi. This campaign is part of K-C’s global sanitation initiative under the aegis of the Kimberly-Clark Foundation and is being implemented in partnership with CAF India. Under the project over 100 toilets across schools and anganwadis in Delhi/NCR, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra will be restored. With a focus to fix dysfunctional toilets rather than build new toilets, the company aims to positively impact the lives of nearly 1 million people directly and indirectly across these states.
In a country where ~600 million people still practice open defecation, construction of ~ 10 million new toilets with toilet facilities in~ 90 per cent schools in one year, is no small feat. However reports suggest that 4 out of these 10 school toilets are non-usable or dysfunctional due to lack of regular maintenance. In rural India, 1 out of 2 toilets in schools is unusable leading to continued open defecation. India reports the highest number of diarrheal deaths among children under-five, open defecation being the main reason. Further research suggests that ~ 23% girls drop out of school on reaching puberty and access to safe & hygienic toilets can increase their attendance by up to ~11%. Through Toilets Change Lives Kimberly-Clark is taking a unique approach of repairing dysfunctional toilets in schools to restore hygiene, safety and dignity for children.
At the inauguration of the program Mr. Achal Agarwal, President Kimberly-Clark Asia Pacific Region said, “Sanitation is inherently linked to the nature of our business and in response to global sanitation crisis, we developed a multi-country program ‘Toilets Change Lives’ to provide access to sanitation across Latin America, Africa and India.In India, since much progress is being made by the Swacch Bharat campaign in building new toilets we decided to address the lacuna of dysfunctional or unusable toilets. Further we will focus on school toilets as it not only impacts children’s attendance and quality of education, but also influence their families and reduce the incidence of open defecation in communities at large.”
Meenakshi Batra, Chief Executive, CAF India, said, ‘’We are proud to be associated with Kimberly-Clark as a partner in ‘Toilets Change Lives’ and we would like to laud them for considering the sanitation issue beyond just building new toilets. Maintenance of toilets and generating awareness among students, parents, community representatives and teachers are equally important components, which will help in long-term sustainability of the program and contribute to the behaviour change aspect of the ‘Swachh Bharat’ campaign. Initiatives like these highlight how socially responsible organisations like Kimberly-Clark are willing to go the extra mile to address gaps that exist in the sanitation infrastructure.’’
In its endeavor to focus on children as future change agents, K-C Huggies Toilets Change Lives is addressing specific barriers children face in using existing toilet facilities. These range from fixing a door latch for privacy, attaching soap dispensers in wash basins or replacing broken commodes to more fundamental interventions like paving the floor to prevent slips and falls, changing the water pipes that bring the water to the basins, removing water clogging, repairing flushing systems or regular cleaning of septic tanks. K-C is engaging school authorities, deploying resources for specific repairs or renovation and setting up hygiene clubs where children learn and advocate good toilet habits.
Kimberly-Clark Professional took its first step in 2014 to build household toilets in Karjat, Maharashtra, India in partnership with Habitat for Humanity. Further, Kimberly-Clark is also a cofounder and key member of the Toilet Board Coalition, which is working towards building a self-sustaining demand-based sanitation model in Orissa in partnership with sanitation social entrepreneurs E-Kutir & Svadha.
[gt_heading id=”gt-heading-779″ tag=”h1″ type=”double-separator” text_align=”left” icon=”” separator_color=”” font_size=”21″ font_color=”” font_weight=”900″ css=””]About Kimberly-Clark[/gt_heading]
Kimberly-Clark (NYSE: KMB) and its well-known global brands are an indispensable part of life for people in more than 175 countries. Every day, nearly a quarter of the world’s population trust Kimberly-Clark’s brands and the solutions they provide to enhance their health, hygiene and well-being. With brands such as Huggies, Kotex, Kleenex, Scott, Pull-Ups and Depend, Kimberly-Clark holds No. 1 or No. 2 share positions in 80 countries. To keep up with the latest news and to learn more about the Company’s 144-year history of innovation, visit visit www.kimberly-clark.com or follow us on Facebook or Twitter.
[gt_heading id=”gt-heading-491″ tag=”h1″ type=”double-separator” text_align=”left” icon=”” separator_color=”” font_size=”21″ font_color=”” font_weight=”900″ css=””]About CAF India[/gt_heading]
Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) India is a not-for-profit organization working to make giving more effective and NGOs more successful. Established in 1998, CAF India’s vision is to build a society motivated to give ever more effectively and help transform lives and communities. In order to achieve this vision, CAF India has been actively engaged with stakeholders across a broad spectrum of areas. CAF India has worked with over 50 companies and 50,000 individual donors, providing effective giving to more than 400 validated NGOs across 22 states in India.
CAF India’s wide range of ‘giving’ solutions includes delivering on the CSR commitments of partners, grant management, CSR strategy development, programme management, employee giving, individual giving, capacity building, disaster support, employee engagement, and volunteering and communication advocacy, tailored to meet their business objectives. CAF India has a proven track record of conducting due diligence of NGOs across India and helps establish trust amongst various NGOs which also facilitates increased engagement with the companies. For more details, visit www.cafindia.org | <urn:uuid:1bca687f-1110-466e-b927-2818201bf23b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://companycsr.com/kimberly-clark-caf-india-launch-toilets-change-lives-across-100-schools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.921404 | 1,445 | 2.265625 | 2 |
As we head into our national day of Aotearoa tomorrow, I reflect and turn to acknowledge you, our people. Te iwi Māori katoa.
This year, let Waitangi Day be about the celebration of Māori. Something we don't do enough.
Last year was incredibly challenging for us all. Our relationships and livelihoods were tested in every which way possible. Our belief, our trust and faith in each other was on the line. It was tough as our everyday norms changed, yet as always, and in despite of, we rose to the occasion and prevailed.
I have never seen nor felt the movement that I feel in my wairua right now. The movement of our people, reclaiming their tūranga as Tangata Whenua in Aotearoa. It is electric and very hard to ignore.
Last year I witnessed your actions and I heard your voices. I saw you step up into your rights to be treated equally as Tangata Whenua, in our country, on our whenua. I saw that happen unapologetically.
I saw the redesigning of health response by the indigenous movements, Te Whānau o Waipareira, Whānau Ora, Hau ora katoa, Māori not just vaccinating our own, but vaccinating the country. I saw our people take to their feet in protest against mandates that were further marginalising our people.
I saw Māori learn how to saliva test their iwi, hapu and whānau, going against what Government told them must be norm.
I saw Māori rangatahi at their schools challenging colonial systems and winning. I saw Māori lawyers changing archaic requirements for attire in the courtroom. I saw young rangatahi Māori across the country, like Aiomai Nuku-Tarawhiti, setting a new standard for what is no longer acceptable racism.
We set a new precedent with the Court of Appeal to ban seabed mining. I saw pride in being Māori everywhere. Petitions to change our nation's name to Aotearoa grew to record numbers in just a few hours.
This is the movement that I speak of and I can feel it growing stronger and stronger. In our rangatahi repelling greed and capitalism, calling out neoliberal politics, leading the climate change movement, fighting for social justice, and against racism.
With 70 per cent of our Māori population under 40 years old, 20 per cent under 20, our rangatahi are becoming a force to be reckoned with. Your voices were loud and I'm excited as heck.
Together we are making them listen, we are making inroads, slowly but surely. We need your voices to continue to bellow whether on the front line, on social media or in the House with monsters on the walls.
As our voices become louder and actions bolder, we move closer to our liberation as a people, to the Tiriti-centric Aotearoa future, and the prospects of what that will be.
My tungane Rawiri Waititi shared our vision for Aotearoa to be the best nation in the world; we want to be in total control of our sovereignty, tino rangatiratanga.
A future where there will be no debate around legislation that benefits Māori advancement. It will simply happen because it should never have stopped.
Manaakitanga, whanaungatanga, kaitiakitanga will lead our partnership gaze beyond the puna of wealth and capitalism. We will have a values-based Aotearoa that we can be proud of, where we are creating homes for the homeless, addressing poverty so that dignity is restored and resolving intergenerational trauma from the confiscations of land and colonialism.
We see those of our Tangata Tiriti who stand with us, who explain to those who want to understand but don't yet. Those who correct the ignorant and stand against the bigotry and racism. Those who acknowledge white fragility and privilege and those who want to change.
Tangata Tiriti perspectives are incredibly important and I'd like to mihi to those who take ownership and responsibility for how they can contribute to a Tiriti-centric Aotearoa.
Our visionary Moana Jackson said, "The Treaty to me has never been about Treaty rights, it's always been about the rightness that comes from people accepting their obligations to each other."
Te Pāti Māori know that the only way this nation can work is when Māori are supported to assert their rights to self-management, self-determination, and self-governance over all their domains.
For too long the vanilla approach has left a sour taste in our mouths. Now is the time for Tiriti-centric Aotearoa and that must start with a relationship overhaul.
• Debbie Ngarewa-Packer is co-leader of Te Pāti Māori | <urn:uuid:04972836-9121-4858-8f7f-da31bb7b9825> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/debbie-ngarewa-packer-tiriti-centric-aotearoa-must-start-with-a-relationship-overhaul/4FY3WHWSSX63QH2FVB4KCHVTXI/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.96246 | 1,044 | 1.742188 | 2 |
COSMOS Design 209987
- 1 Create an example CMDBf Management Data Repository backed by a relational database
- 2 Workload Estimation
- 3 Terminologies/Acronyms
- 4 Purpose
- 5 Requirements
- 6 Implementation details
- 7 Test Coverage
- 8 Open Issues
Create an example CMDBf Management Data Repository backed by a relational database
|Process||Sizing||Names of people doing the work|
|Build and infrastructure||unknown||TBA|
|Code review, etc.*||unknown||TBA|
'* - includes other committer work (e.g. check-in, contribution tracking)
The terminologies/acronyms below are commonly used throughout this document. The list below defines each term regarding how it is used in this document:
|MDR||Management Data Repository|
Currently the COSMOS Example MDR uses XML files as its store. However, many management repositories use relational databases to store their management data. We would like to have a more sophisticated exemplar MDR, called the RDBMS MDR, that can access these relational databases. The advantages are:
- Potential adopters can use the RDBMS MDR to access their current management databases.
- The RDBMS MDR can utilize the database security mechanism as an example implementation of COSMOS security.
- The RDBMS MDR can illustrate the transformations between the native data representation and SML.
The RDBMS MDR needs to support the CMDBf Query Service and CMDBf Service Metadata.
CMDBf Query Service
The RDBMS MDR will process a CMDBf graphQuery request as follows:
1. Connect to the database using the security credentials from the client
2. Transform the CMDBf graphQuery request into a relational database query
3. Execute the relational query against the database
4. Process any database error, or
5. Transform the query result into a CMDBf graphQuery response
6. Disconnect from the database
CMDBf Service Metadata
The RDBMS MDR service metadata will be constructed from the database catalog.
Which databases should the RDBMS MDR support?
Derby? MySQL? SQLServer? Oracle? DB2?
<March Summit Update> Since we decided on an API, this question is moot. </March Summit Update>
Should the RDBMS MDR use generic JDBC to any database or should it be specific to a management database API (like Aperi DBAccess)?
Mark, I took a look at http://www.eclipse.org/aperi/ and it looks like a storage management standard for access to a database containing information about disks, tapes, SANs, etc. There is an Aperi API called DBAccess which internally uses JDBC to access the database.
For this ER, should we build an MDR using the Aperi DBAccess API to expose this specific storage management information? Such an MDR would be mainly useful to Aperi users.
Or do we want to provide a more generic MDR that can access any relational database that supports JDBC? The advantage of a generic MDR is that it would work with any database (which includes the Aperi database). I think this would be more valuable to COSMOS adopters, especially ones that are interested in using their existing databases with COSMOS. Also as an example, it would be more useful to provide an MDR that uses JDBC instead of the Aperi DBAccess API.
A couple of thoughts on your previous comment, with the caveat that we should confirm this with the Aperi team as well. I've copied Martine Wedlake on this enhancement.
I don't think we should be adding CMDBf APIs directly on their databases via JDBC. The reason is that this tightly couples us against a fixed database schema. Any change in the schema would potentially break all of the CMDBf work. Also, this is a completely alternate API that would need to be maintained, versus a layering on top of an existing API. Given these reasons, I think the target we should be going after is the DBAccess API, not straight JDBC.
That said, I think Aperi is a good representation of what we will find in the management space. Most management products have some kind of API sitting on top of the data store. Where I think this is important for COSMOS to demonstrate is b/c I think we will be forced to address the following issues:
- security, e.g. access to the database
- model translation--from how Aperi represents things into an SML (or SML-IF)
- deployment--how do you deploy the cosmos wrapper along side, on top of, et...
the management product (this also has to do with security as well)
<March Summit Update> After a discussion, we decided to use the Aperi API. </March Summit Update>
What are the packaging issues?
What components of the underlying database do we need to re-distribute in the package (JDBC drivers, database client API interfaces?)?
Are there any associated licensing or IP issues? | <urn:uuid:3ae83d47-4ea1-4b9d-9f69-a739ebb79960> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://wiki.eclipse.org/COSMOS_Design_209987 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.877965 | 1,270 | 1.9375 | 2 |
The Lord of the Rings Narsil Sword - UC1267
This Narsil sword is the famous sword of King Elendil from the Lord of the Rings trilogy. Narsil was broken into shards when Elendil battled the dark lord Sauron, and Isildur used the hilt-shard of Narsil to cut the One Ring from Sauron 's hand. Narsil 's shards were used to forge into a new sword, Anduril, which would be used by Aragorn. United Cutlery, industry leader in fine movie reproductions, has meticulously recreated the actual filming prop using only the finest grade materials and craftsmanship. Close attention to detail was a top priority. 40 5/8" stainless steel blade 24K gold plated fittings on hilt Genuine leather wrapped handle Includes a parchment certificate of authenticity
Please note: You must be at least 18 years old to purchase the products on this website. Swords, Knives and Daggers, its employees or associated companies assume no responsibility for injury, damage or loss incurred by use of any merchandise sold on this website. Compliance with local , state and federal laws and/or statutes is the responsibility of the buyer. Purchase of merchandise from Swords, Knives, and Daggers implies agreement to the above statements by buyer.
We strive to get the products you purchase in your hands as soon as possible. Most orders ship from our warehouse within 7-10 days. However,
in some cases things take a bit longer. If the products you order are backordered, we will notify you and give you a few options.
We hope you’ll love every purchase, but if you ever need to return an item you can do so within 30 days of receipt. For full details of how to make a return, please view our Returns information | <urn:uuid:60dc0ef1-e544-4df3-ac66-3a9d5292ec55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.swordsknivesanddaggers.com/the-lord-of-the-rings-narsil-sword-uc1267/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.928778 | 376 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Aircond tape, or some may refer it as electrical tape, is widely use in the air-conditioning industry. It plays an important role in insulating electrical wires and other parts, preventing electrical flow from reaching the people. The thermal insulation material it is made of also allows it to protect the adhered areas from heat.
~ Available in various thickness
~ High electrical resistance
~ Excellent heat insulator
~ Sticks well to metal and rubber
The application of aircond tape is viewed as a vital safety measure, especially if there are kids wandering around the areas where the electrical wires are located. This aircond tape, though it is just a thin layer of rubber, may save up lives by preventing unwanted accidents. | <urn:uuid:6e0f7f64-c07c-44c0-af46-8b7e4e0fcfeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ztec.com.my/products/aircond-tape/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.937028 | 156 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Hydrogen: any colour but grey [NGW Magazine]
Hydrogen’s potential as a major driver of the energy transition has become widely accepted. But there’s little agreement on how to build a “clean” hydrogen industry from scratch.
How to scale up production, lower costs, boost demand and distribute the fuel are among the main questions. A rash of strategies has been adopted in the European Union (EU) in recent months, but the solutions to these fundamental issues remain sketchy and often contradictory.
In June, the German government adopted a National Hydrogen Strategy (Nationale Wasserstoffstrategie). The document offers an outline of a plan for building an industry based on green hydrogen.
The strategy says its goal is for the state to create favourable conditions for the private sector to invest in the production, transport and use of emission-free hydrogen in order to decarbonise branches of the economy (see feature, page ??).
Not long afterwards, the European Commission (EC) unveiled its own plan, dubbed the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance. Part of the €750bn Next Generation EU recovery plan, the EU executive says that the strategy will boost clean hydrogen production in Europe.
Hydrogen’s role either as a feedstock, fuel, energy carrier or storage solution will be encouraged, it says, to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions across the industry, transport, power and building sectors. Burning hydrogen releases clean water and no CO2.
“Renewable electricity is expected to decarbonise a large share of the EU energy consumption by 2050, but not all of it,” the EC strategy admits. “Hydrogen has a strong potential to bridge some of this gap, as a vector for renewable energy storage, alongside batteries, and transport, ensuring back up for seasonal variations and connecting production locations to more distant demand centres.”
It is this versatility that provides much of the momentum hydrogen is enjoying, points out the IEA.
“Technologies already available today enable hydrogen to produce, store, move and use energy in different ways,” it declares in a recent report. “A wide variety of fuels are able to produce hydrogen, including renewables, nuclear, natural gas, coal and oil. It can be transported as a gas by pipelines or in liquid form by ships, much like liquefied natural gas (LNG). It can be transformed into electricity and methane to power homes and feed industry, and into fuels for cars, trucks, ships and planes.”
Green vs blue
However, as the excitement over hydrogen’s potential mounts, so too has an understanding of just how tough a challenge it is to build a hydrogen industry from almost nothing. That has sparked disagreement over which precise fuels should be supported as a means to developing a green hydrogen economy.
Over 95% of hydrogen consumed around the globe – mostly in energy-intensive heavy industries – is “grey” hydrogen, produced from coal or gas. The IEA estimates that the 70mn metric tons that were produced in 2019 released 830mn mt of CO2 into the atmosphere.
“Blue” hydrogen – produced from fossil fuels but utilising carbon capture technologies – is a vital step towards expanding the niche industry into a major energy source. It offers a cheaper, faster way to clean up industrial emissions while helping build the demand and infrastructure that will be needed for green hydrogen.
Estimated current costs for grey hydrogen in the EU are around €1.5/kg, depending on gas prices and disregarding the cost of CO2, according to the EC. Blue hydrogen costs are around €2/kg. Green hydrogen currently costs €3.5-6/kg.
“Developing blue hydrogen is a must, as green hydrogen will not be available in substantial volumes until the power sector is fully decarbonised by renewable electricity, that is, not before 2040, possibly 2050,” writes Ralf Dickel at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. “Starting with blue hydrogen will be essential for timely and deep decarbonisation and will pave the way for green hydrogen to enter the market as soon as it becomes possible.”
However, others warn that it’s a predictable part of the fossil fuel industry’s efforts to stay relevant amid the energy transition.
The gas industry’s hyping of its potential low-carbon role is a “dangerous distraction…to keep all kinds of gas, particularly fossil gas, on the energy menu, and help the industry stave off being rendered obsolete by more climate-friendly renewable energy and electrification,” says the Corporate Europe Observatory NGO.
Green for green
Berlin has pledged to put up tens of billions into supporting the development of a hydrogen economy, although for the moment the strategy details spending of only €9bn. The long-term costs of decarbonisation of individual industry sectors are far higher.
Analysts at the Warsaw-based Center for Eastern Studies (OSW) estimate that cleaning up just the steel and chemicals sectors will carry a tab of around €75bn. Across Europe, these two sectors provide the bulk of the current 55 TWh demand for hydrogen.
In a bid to tempt private investors, German hydrogen-based projects will receive preferential treatment from Berlin in applying for EU funds. Operators of electrolysers – which produce green hydrogen by using renewable energy to split water molecules – will be exempted from taxation, which constitutes a fifth of electricity prices in Germany.
The German plan aims to have 5 GW of electrolysis capacity up and running by 2030, equalling annual hydrogen production of 14 TWh. Electrolysis capacity should double by the end of the following decade.
The EU strategy does not name a specific level of public support but it says investment will need to total €180bn to create 4 GW of electrolysis capacity in the next four years, and 40 GW by 2030.
Lobby group Hydrogen Europe – whose members include all of Europe’s energy giants as well as hydrogen players and researchers – estimates that in order to expand the green and blue hydrogen segments in the EU by 40 GW each by 2030 overall investment of €430bn will be needed.
Of that, €145bn should be public money, the trade association says. Scaling up green hydrogen production to 40GW would require €220bn, it estimates.
Overall demand for hydrogen in 2030 is expected to reach around 90–110 TWh. That means that hydrogen produced using fossil fuels will still have a significant role to play.
Dickel says that dismissing the bulk of the blue hydrogen segment will make a fully-fledged hydrogen economy all the harder to achieve. He says that without this interim step, “the aspirations for hydrogen could falter due to unrealistic expectations based on political, rather than commercial and technical, reality.”
The EC says renewable hydrogen is the focus of its strategy. “It has the biggest decarbonisation potential and is therefore the most compatible option with the EU's climate neutrality goal.”
But gas as feedstock is also needed for the meantime, accompanied by carbon capture and storage or “other forms of low-carbon electricity, to clean existing hydrogen production, reduce emissions in the short term and scale up the market.”
However, even at its current limited scale, global hydrogen production is responsible for 800m mt/yr of CO2 emissions annually, equivalent to the combined emissions from Indonesia and the UK.
Proponents claim that a move to blue hydrogen could cut most of those emissions. And others suggest that green and blue hydrogen attract specific players: utilities focused on renewables and seeking help to balance power grids on the one hand may favour green, while industrial players seeking to lower their carbon emissions would prefer blue.
The head of RWE’s generation business Roger Miesen noted at a recent event that while his company does note “not think blue hydrogen is bad,” it does consider development of the fuel as more of a job for the oil majors than for utilities.
The 300 electrolysers working in the EU produce less than 4% of the total, according to EU data. The EC strategy estimates that up to €15bn could be invested in electrolysers by 2030. A further €50bn-€150bn could be put into dedicated wind and solar capacity of 50-75 GW.
The momentum towards these targets is building. According to Wood Mackenzie, planned global investment in electrolysers by 2030 is rising. However, their analysts estimate that new capacity is still limited to 8.2 GW.
Still, as those investments take shape green hydrogen costs should start to drop. The IEA forecasts that the cost of producing hydrogen from renewable electricity could fall by 30% by 2030 as a result of declining costs of renewables and the scaling up of hydrogen production.
But replacing just the current 70mn mt/yr global output of fossil-fuel hydrogen with green hydrogen would require 3,600 TWh of renewable energy. That is more than the EU’s total generation capacity.
In addition, clear definitions and certification are needed to facilitate any green hydrogen market. That is the sort of drawn out, dull and bureaucratic process that all but kills widespread public interest but is often key to successful implementation of technology.
Hydrogen Europe predicts EU demand for “clean” hydrogen – which includes blue and green – is likely to rise to 17mn mt by 2030. But to provoke that demand, consumers will need to be able to access hydrogen, and that puts gas players – desperately seeking a way of remaining relevant amid the energy transition – in a position to play a key function.
“The gas industry faces an existential issue, as it needs to find a role within an energy economy that is set to decarbonise rapidly in order for the EU to meet its net zero emissions target by 2050,” writes Dickel.
The EC appears keen to involve the gas industry. It predicts it will cost up to €130bn over the coming decade to build hydrogen distribution and storage facilities and set up refuelling stations for transport.
Using existing gas networks should help the price fall, EU climate chief Frans Timmermans said as he unveiled the EC’s strategy.
“It is important that we look at existing natural gas and LNG infrastructure to see to what extent it is already usable for hydrogen or can be adapted to the use of hydrogen,” he said.
Norwegian consultancy DNV GL says that while around 3% of global energy consumption today is used to produce hydrogen, just 0.002% of this hydrogen, or about 1,000 mt/yr, are used as an energy carrier. The rest is used in industrial processes, mostly as feedstock.
“In a world that is seeking clean energy carriers, hydrogen can carve out a more prominent niche in the energy mix. It is an especially attractive option for countries with an existing natural gas infrastructure, as demonstrated by the UK which is already implementing large scale hydrogen projects,” the DNV GL analysts sum up.
The call to action has clearly been heard, with over a fifth of Europe’s oil and gas players already involved in hydrogen projects, and more than half expecting to enrol in the immediate future.
A group of nine European TSOs announced in mid-July that they are teaming up to modify their gas pipelines to develop a network of hydrogen infrastructure – potentially a tricky technical challenge owing to the smaller size of hydrogen molecules compared with natural gas and the lower energy density per volume.
However, quoting “new research” that “shows that existing gas infrastructure can be modified to transport hydrogen at an affordable cost,” Enagas, Energinet, Fluxys Belgium, Gasunie, GRTgaz, Net4gas, OGE, Ontras, Terega, Snam and Swedegas say they hope to have a network stretching 6,800 km by 2030 and 23,000 km by 2040. Three quarters of these pipelines will be converted gas infrastructure, with new connections to link the networks.
“Ultimately,” the European Hydrogen Backbone group claims, “two parallel gas transport networks will emerge: a dedicated hydrogen and a dedicated (bio)methane network. The network can be used for large-scale hydrogen transport over longer distances in an energy-efficient way, also taking into consideration hydrogen imports.”
The cost of the plan is estimated at €27bn-€64bn, which the group says is “relatively limited in the overall context of the European energy transition.”
The clean hydrogen swindle: comment by chemical engineer Samuele Furfari
Clean hydrogen, produced using electricity generated from renewable, intermittent energy, has the wind in its sails and features prominently in many European countries’ plans for a net zero carbon future. The European Commission even has a strategy for it. But the science to back it up is just not there and it is no more than a pipe dream, according to chemical engineer and energy researcher Samuele Furfari, writing for NGW.
When the European Union talks of renewable energy, it means wind and solar photovoltaics, rather than more dependable hydro. As the excess electricity output at times of low demand cannot be stored, there is only one thing to do with it: hydrolyse water and store the hydrogen for combustion at the time and place when needed.
This is a four-stage process: generate excess electricity with wind and solar; transform this electricity into hydrogen by water electrolysis, compress or liquefy and transport the hydrogen; and burn it to generate electricity.
None of these steps require new technology, but industrial chemical processes are never 100% efficient. The EC however has ignored this basic fact of chemical engineering. Step 2 is at best 80% efficient and step 3 is at best 70%. Step 4 with fuel cells – an expensive technology not yet in mass production despite 30 years of public support – is 50% efficient now, even if we may imagine 60% in the future. So, the efficiency of the complete process is: 0.80 x 0.70 x 0.50 = 0.28.
An old dream
The first reference to hydrogen as an energy source that I found in EC reports dates back to 1972, even before the first oil crisis. It did not work then, and it will not work now as the science is missing. Hydrogen is too unstable to exist alone: the chemical industry has to make it, by steam reformation of methane. Steam reacts with methane to produce hydrogen and CO2 and this accounts for 85% of the world’s hydrogen: CH4 + 2H2O è 4 H2 + CO2. The other 15% is mainly a by-product of chlorine and soda production from the electrolysis of sodium chloride.
This molecule is hugely important, mainly for the production of fertilisers. As the global population has grown and agricultural yields more important, so has the demand for hydrogen. Plastic is another use for hydrogen.
As gas prices have been coming down with competitive trading, one should also expect lower prices for hydrogen production, partly because the primary input is cheaper and partly owing to economies of scale.
But using renewables makes it more expensive and complicated. The EC puts the cost of ‘blue’ hydrogen at €1.50/kg and ‘green’ hydrogen at €2.5-5.5/kg. Green hydrogen will always be more expensive than hydrogen produced from gas.
Political market manipulation
Since a product cannot have more than one price in an open market, green hydrogen must be subsidised, as natural gas will also be available for at least a century for making blue hydrogen. Of course, some industries will make a killing out of the hydrogen strategy – that is what political market manipulation means – just as others have, from biofuels: guaranteed prices and a green image, that is paid for by consumers and taxpayers.
Besides, burning hydrogen to generate electricity, when hydrogen has been produced by electricity, is an extravagance akin to keeping warm by burning designer handbags. Inefficiencies are compounded by inefficiencies. Yet the EC says that this is a strategic opportunity to green up the global reset.
Russian gas exporter Gazprom is investigating thermal methane pyrolysis. It announced – with a lot of conditionals and very little scientific literature – that it can produce hydrogen and carbon black, using a plasma.
But these “new” processes are only economically sustainable if there is a high enough carbon price – some say €50/metric ton others €300/mt. Since some countries will have lower carbon prices than the EU, hydrogen production will leave the EU, to the detriment of European petrochemical industry.
Professor Samuele Furfari, a chemical engineer, was a senior official at the EC’s energy directorate 1982-2018. He worked there on energy technology and policy. | <urn:uuid:9bcae281-678d-40b7-8c15-695f9e730d1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naturalgasworld.com/hydrogen-any-colour-but-grey-ngw-magazine-80969 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.940445 | 3,519 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Hello to all the Foundation Stage Badger Class !
Mrs Edmans is the class teacher and Mrs Magin is the Teaching Assistant. It's a pleasure to work with you and your children over the next year and support them through their Foundation journey!
- Reading books will be changed every Monday. You will have a book of your choice to share with a grown up (reading for pleasure book), a phonics reading book and access to Big Cat Collins book online.
- Children should have a named coat in school every day,
- Please provide a waterproof jacket/trousers and wellingtons for your child to access outdoor play whatever the weather!
- PE is during the Summer Term and information of the day is sent out nearer the time. Please ensure that your child has suitable kit in school. If your child has long hair, please ensure that it is tied up, and that any earrings are covered or removed.
We are always busy and trying our best with our learning in Badger class and enjoy 'letting our light shine through all that we do!
We have uploaded some pictures to show what we get up to during the day. | <urn:uuid:d8481730-cdf5-4943-a8cb-002209df5326> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.driffieldinfantschool.co.uk/children-s-section/class-page/badgers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971369 | 242 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Ms Toumkham Phetsalath is the Deputy Head of the Champhone District Health Office in Lao PDR. Over 30 years of experience working in maternal and child health has shaped her critical consciousness to support and advocate for gender equality. This motivation translates to her workplace, and how she works with others in her team.
Ms Toumkham is a pioneer in promoting intergenerational equality in her district. In her team she mentors younger staff, particularly women, to step up and assume leadership roles. Ms Toumkham ensures that her team’s work is impactful by building their knowledge, awareness and capacity to implement gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) approaches in all their work.
Ms Toumkham believes that a leader should be brave, decisive, and accountable for their actions. Speaking of her own leadership, she reflects that building cohesion and team spirit is significant as it fosters mutual respect and unity among team members. These values extend to the team’s work in the community, by respecting the culture and tradition of various ethnicities of people.
Training the next generation of WASH and health leaders
COVID-19 screening in Champhone rural district
While conducting community activities, there is a strong effort to include women and men in meetings and in the field teams, and to encourage the participation of women in village-level WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) activities and programmes such as WASH FIT (Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool) at health centres and schools. Moreover, Ms Toumkham’s team implements the government strategy of leaving no-one behind in the services they provide. This was demonstrated through their response efforts to the COVID-19 pandemic whereby special attention was given to the needs of vulnerable populations, including those with a long-term illness, elderly people, pregnant women and children, people with disabilities, and migrant labour workers who returned from neighbouring Thailand.
Despite working in a context where traditional gender roles make it difficult to recruit women in leadership and decision-making positions in society, Ms Toumkham is relentless and driven by her passion and commitment. Now that she is close to retirement, her legacy is evident in the progress made in terms of gender awareness and capacity building of her team members, especially women.
Ms Toumkam continues to be inspired to expand this awareness to the communities where they work, aiming to improve the understanding of women’s rights and gender equality among the population. This is also her advice to aspiring leaders – so that they can challenge norms perpetuating inequalities and improve conditions for those who are vulnerable and marginalised in society so that they are able to access government services.
‘While it is certainly good to provide training to staff on gender awareness, this needs to be accompanied by building a better understanding of women rights and gender equality and the application of GESI approaches in their daily work.’
Authors: Avni Kumar and Diana Gonzalez Botero from ISF-UTS, with input from Pk Phetsakhone
Photos: Philippe Aramburu for SNV
Toumkam Phetsalath is one of 19 leaders interviewed for the ‘Gender transformative leadership in WASH during the COVID-19 pandemic’ research project led by SNV and ISF-UTS. The project is funded by the Australian government's Water for Women Fund. Key findings of the research are presented in this learning brief.
This blog was produced as part of SNV in Lao PDR's Beyond the Finish Line programme.
Additional stories of leadership here: H.E. Dechen Wangmo, Minister of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan | Rajesh Sahani, Member of Disabled People's Organisation in Nepal | Chomsy Ngamvilay, Deputy Head of the Atsaphone District Health Office in Lao PDR | Namgay Pelden, Gup (local leader) in a sub-district in Bhutan | Ambika Yadav, WASH Advisor, SNV in Nepal
To learn more about SNV's rural WASH work in Asia, contact Gabrielle Halcrow, Multi- country programme manager, by email. | <urn:uuid:3db427ff-d67d-4264-8712-e68951452ac7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ww.snv.org/update/leading-courage-and-confidence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958252 | 885 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Capitalist newspapers like Rech and Novoye Vremya have published articles attacking our passage through Germany and insinuating that the new arrivals were aiding the German imperialists. Izvestia of the Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies reprints in full the report published in yesterday’s Pravda which was presented to the Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies on the very first day after our arrival. In addition to the report, Izvestia publishes the resolution of the Executive Committee, which it gives in the following words:
“Having heard the report of Comrades Zurabov and Zinoviev, the Executive Committee decided to take the matter up immediately with the Provisional Government and to take steps towards securing the immediate return to Russia of all emigrants, irrespective of their political views and their attitude towards the war. The results of the negotiations with the government will be published in the near future.—Editors.”
Here you have a small—a very small, but very characteristic—picture of two worlds. One, the world of the capitalists, Rech, Russkaya Volya, Novoye Vremya, dark hints, vile insinuations against the socialists; the other, the world of the revolutionary democrats, of the workers’ and soldiers’ deputies, who in a calm, consistent, and dignified manner have decided to “take steps”. Steps leading to what? Steps leading to what was not done by the Provisional Government!
Is this not tantamount to a censure of the Provisional Government?
And is not this censure warranted?
Mind you, the Executive Committee, in passing this resolution, was fully aware of the political dissensions that existed between it and the Bolsheviks. For capitalists this would be a pretext for insinuations. Human dignity is something one need not look for in the world of capitalists.
Source: Marxist Internet Archive | <urn:uuid:8a0b4cac-36b5-4ce4-8876-caf26e184f2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bolshevik.info/two-worlds.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956326 | 407 | 1.8125 | 2 |
New Yorker Electronics announces the release of the new Electrocube Audio-Optimized Film Capacitors in both the 916D Series of Metallized Polypropylene Capacitors and the 967D Polypropylene and Foil Audio Capacitors. These audio capacitors are intended for high-end audio applications and are available with tolerances available from ±1 to ±20%, voltages from 100 to 600VDC and frequencies up to 100KHz.
Audio capacitor design manufacturer Electrocube of offers a full line of audio-optimized film capacitors specially designed and optimized for the high-end audio industry including professional, commercial, stage and studio applications.
The 916D and 967D series are precision-wrapped and filled, oval/round and epoxy case/hermetically-sealed capacitors that store energy for a number of applications such as AC and pulsing, high surges and high frequency/high current/low ESR. Made in the USA, they are commonly used by audio engineers because of their high-grade materials, proprietary design and manufacturing processes. Guitarists also love the Electrocube Electric Guitar & Bass Tone Capacitors and Electrocube Audio Crossover Networks and for the “Eric Clapton/Jimi Hendrix” rock and “B.B. King” blues type sound.
916D Metallized Polypropylene Capacitors
The Electrocube 916D series includes rugged, non-inductively wound metallized audio capacitors. The series offers high-frequency operation, high current and low ESR in a miniature package. The 916D is part of a designated line of capacitors, along with the 967, that are specially designed and optimized for high-end audio applications subject to AC and pulsing signals. Able to handle high surge currents without degrading, it is an excellent replacement for electrolytic capacitors.
Applications for the 916D include audio amplifiers, speakers and musical instruments (i.e., tone and volume control for bass and standard guitars) and other amplifier-capable instruments. It is rated for 100/67VAC, 200/135VAC, 400/270VAC and 600/440VAC and has customizable insulating sleeves, mountings, special terminals, non-standard leads, circuit connections and other hardware.
967D Polypropylene and Foil Audio Capacitors
The Electrocube 967D series is designed and optimized for high-end audio applications subject to AC and pulsing signals. It offers high-frequency operation, a high current and low ESR. As a result, the 967D series is also able to handle high surge current without degrading. Also like its 916D counterpart, 967D applications include audio amplifiers, speakers and musical instruments. The high-grade materials, design and manufacturing process used in manufacturing the 967D make it also suitable for DC applications.
Both series feature extended electrode construction and standard tin-coated, oxygen-free solid copper leads. They are housed in a protective clear wrap and Epoxy Resin endfills meet/exceed UL94V0 flammability requirements.
Electrocube offers a complete audio line of capacitors, both custom capacitors and foil, in modern and retro series. As a global franchise distributor, New Yorker Electronics supplies the full line of Electrocube products including its full inventory of film capacitors, resistor-capacitor (RC) Networks, EMI Filters, and high-frequency transformers.
Features & Benefits:
- Protective clear wrap offered on all wrap and fill units
- Tolerances available: ±5%, ±10%, ±20%
- Epoxy Resin endfills meet or exceed flammability requirements of UL94V0
- RoHs compliant
- May be used for frequencies up to 100 KHz
- Extended electrode construction
- Standard tin-coated, oxygen-free solid copper leads
- Audio amplifiers
- Musical Instrument Tone and Volume Control | <urn:uuid:8f015a16-a9e2-4911-9271-a46d9ff963dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bisinfotech.com/new-yorker-electronics-supplies-audio-optimized-film-capacitors-from-electrocube/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.885541 | 844 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Recycling began on campus with no-sort recycling vendor. Many of the students from Cassadaga Job Corps Center were involved with the planning and implementation of this popular recycling program on the campus. There has been a very enthusiastic response from students with high level of engagement and participation. This has been a very effective way to promote recycling on campus and in the surrounding communities.
Cassadaga has also began developing a community garden on campus. The garden, developed with Culinary Arts students, will hopefully give a bountiful harvest of herbs and vegetables throughout the summer and fall that will be used within the campus kitchen. The herbs harvested from the garden are being incorporated into the Culinary Arts training and food preparation by Food Services staff. The center has also been able to develop a partnership with Chautauqua County Rural Ministry Gleaning Project staff who coordinate county-wide community garden programs. This has been very exciting for the students and staff involved with this project. | <urn:uuid:bd2a1cc9-a5f6-4ca3-8130-b007bf26d182> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jobcorpsnews.org/cassadaga/going-green-at-cassadaga-job-corps | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.973318 | 193 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Thousands of runners will toe the start line at the crack of dawn this Sunday (Jan. 12) in Thailand’s capital for a three-kilometer race to demonstrate against the government.
Dubbed “Run Against Dictatorship,” the protest’s name in Thai is “Wing Lai Lung,” which literally means “run to oust the uncle.” It’s a subtle jab at the prime minister, Prayuth Chan-ocha, who goes by the nickname Uncle Tu and who has scoffed at the event, telling his opponents to “Run to catch up with me if you can.” A rival event by government supporters, dubbed “Walk to Cheer Uncle,” will be held concurrently on Sunday.
Prayuth, a retired general and former commander of the Royal Thai Army, seized power when he led a military coup in 2014. He ran the country with absolute power as the autocratic leader of the junta, and over the years has transformed himself from a uniform-wearing general to a suit-clad politician. He was formally elected prime minister last June, beating the billionaire leader of the pro-democracy Future Forward Party, Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit. Authorities have since disqualified Thanathorn from parliament and have moved to ban his party outright, leading to the biggest protest in years last month as thousands took to the streets against the government. Demonstrators chanted, “Long live democracy, dictatorship get out.”
Sunday’s run could be an even larger demonstration still, with some 10,000 people already registered for the event. “We want to show the government the discontent that citizens have with the administration,” student activist Tanawat Wongchai, who is part of a network young organizers of the run, told Reuters.
Thailand has seen “unending repression of fundamental rights and freedoms” since the 2014 coup, according to advocacy group Human Rights Watch. The government’s latest moves against Thanathorn and his party, which came a surprise third in last spring’s election by attracting the support of millions of young voters, have only served to reinforce people’s grievances over the increasingly repressive political climate.
The government hasn’t made it easy for the protest organizers. A press conference to launch the event at the Foreign Correspondents’ Club of Thailand last month was cancelled under pressure from local police, according to a statement from the club. “The police explained that the title of the event was objectionable, and that they considered it likely to create what they called a ‘mob,’ ” the club said. Plans to move the presser to a hotel similarly fell through, again under pressure from authorities, according to Tanawat. Organizers finally managed to hold the conference at Thammasat University.
Elsewhere in Thailand, attempts by other organizers to hold spin-off running protests have been barred in at least three provinces, according to local media. | <urn:uuid:a27bbe05-21c6-4543-a16f-a92a57dbf746> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qz.com/1782138/thai-protesters-lace-up-for-run-against-dictatorship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963784 | 627 | 1.5 | 2 |
Robotic pruning is a potential solution to address the issues of labor shortages and high associated costs, but it has challenges due to the unstructured working environment. For successful robotic pruning, target branches have to be reached with fewer spatial requirements for the end-effector cutter and the manipulator. A three-rotational (3R) degrees of freedom (DoF) end-effector was designed considering maneuvering, spatial, mechanical, and horticultural requirements. Simulations were conducted with the end-effector to investigate the reachable workspace, the cutter frame orientation, and the manipulability index. The simulation results suggested that the proposed design has a spherical reachable workspace with a void due to the presence of a physical constraint of the linear arm. The manipulability index was determined to be independent of the rotation of the first and last joint of the end-effector. The prototype of the proposed end-effector was integrated with a cartesian manipulator. An Arduino-based control system was developed along utilizing a Matlab graphical user interface (GUI). A series of field tests were conducted on ‘Fuji’/Bud. 9 apple trees with trellis-trained architecture. The field tests validated the simulation results, and the end-effector successfully cut branches up to ~25 mm diameter at wide range of orientations. This study provides the foundation for future investigations of branch accessibility for pruning with an integrated 3R end-effector and a cartesian manipulator system following a collision free trajectory.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Agronomy and Crop Science
- Computer Science Applications | <urn:uuid:22b7eb06-50a0-45ae-88b2-5756ebddbe85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/development-of-an-integrated-3r-end-effector-with-a-cartesian-man | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.924522 | 347 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Home vacancy rates in Switzerland’s main cities have all risen over the last few years, bringing some hope to those looking for a place to live. The latest 2017 data confirm this trend.
Over the last five years vacancy rates have risen by between 18% and 49% in the main cities of Zurich (+32%), Bern (+37%), Basel (18%), Lausanne (+49%) and Geneva (+38%).
While these percentage shifts might appear big, very low vacancy rates underly them. On 1 June 2012, none of these cities had a vacancy rate above 1%. Zurich (0.29%), Bern (0.48%), Basel (0.13%), Lausanne (0.28%) and Geneva (0.21%) were all well below 1% vacancy rates.
By 1 June 2017, Bern (1.29%) was above the 1% mark, Zurich (0.89%) and Basel (0.73%) were close to it, while Lausanne (0.57%) and Geneva (0.55%) only managed to break above 0.50%.
Administratively, Switzerland breaks down into cantons, which then break down into communes (Gemeinde). This can lead to confusion, especially when it comes to Switzerland’s major urban centres. For example, the canton of Zurich contains two significant cites: Zurich and Winterthur. And there is the canton of Zurich and the commune of Zurich. Geneva is the same. In addition, sometimes areas are defined as cities. These definitions are a hotchpotch that cut across commune and cantonal definitions.
Looking at more granular commune level data it is clear the home-finding challenge extends beyond Switzerland’s main centres and is even worse in most city centres. The interactive map below shows vacancy rates by commune at 1 June 2017.
Those highlighted in red have vacancy rates under 0.5%. Click here to see the map on the Federal Statistical Office website.
The map above shows even lower vacancy rates in most central city communes. In the commune of Zurich, the rate is 0.21%, in Lausanne it is 0.38%, in Basel it is 0.47% and in Bern it is 0.56%. Only central Geneva (0.57%) fares better than it does on a city-wide basis (0.55%). In addition, there are many communes in red within city commuting belts.
Switzerland’s overall vacancy at 1 June 2017 was 1.47%. | <urn:uuid:04fbc405-161c-4f43-8bff-1710f9a27ea1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lenews.ch/2017/09/15/geneva-and-lausanne-remain-switzerlands-toughest-home-markets/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.935856 | 524 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Sculpture and society: Pedro Reyes looks to Ancient Greece at Dallas Contemporary
Ambitious artist Pedro Reyes looks to Ancient Greek art in a new solo exhibition at Dallas Contemporary, in an attempt to create new links between sculpture and the society it inhabits.
In the past, Reyes, who trained as an architect, has addressed gun culture in his native Mexico (in 2008 and in 2012 he worked with local government to melt firearms, using the metal to build shovels for planting trees and musical instruments) and the social problems endemic in cities, such as stress and loneliness. Now, he looks for new arches between his artistic practice and the world we live in by contemplating the connection between Greek statues and philosophy – paying tribute to history’s greatest thinkers, including Plato, Socrates and Epicurus.
Curated by Justine Ludwig, ’For Future Reference’ continues to explore space as a way of opening up the possibilities that can improve human communication and understanding. Among the new and recent works on show include Plato’s Cave. In response to the philosopher’s allegory about our perception of reality, Reyes has rendered the cave as an architectural space. Elsewhere, he has worked with stone and marble to create sculptures that translate the ideas into material form: Colloquium is a tower made of interlocking speech bubbles reflecting on the co-existence of ideas within a single structure.
In a further series produced for the museum, Reyes revisits found materials, sourcing photographic images of statuary from different periods and places, printing them on to cloth, cutting them to size and assembling them on canvas – a kind of timeline of references that juxtaposes the ancient and the modern to construct something for posterity. As Reyes has stated previously: ’If something is dying, becoming rotten and smelly, I think there is a chance to make a compost in which this vast catalog of solutions can be mixed in an entirely new way.’ | <urn:uuid:2d581add-e63c-4396-8e05-83e89ff929d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wallpaper.com/art/pedro-reyes-at-dallas-contemporary?iid=sr-link2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961244 | 396 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The Digital Learning Council, a group formed by a pair of former governors—Republican Jeb Bush of Florida and Democrat Bob Wise of West Virginia—released a report in December calling on schools to do a better job using digital tools to personalize learning. The nation’s largest educational technology conference, ISTE 2010 in Denver last June, was packed with sessions about how technology tools can be used to play to students’ strengths and weaknesses. Prominent virtual schools are riding the personalization bandwagon, too, touting the use of digital tools to customize education.
But the question most educators ask is: Does this tech-driven personalized approach work? That’s where things get a little murky.
For starters, “personalization” in education can involve so many different approaches that it’s hard to define in a universal way. And experts say there are very few large-scale models of excellence, backed by research, for educators to turn to for guidance. Beyond that, it is hard for researchers to isolate the impact of the digital tools when evaluating a personalized-learning approach that emphasizes the use of technology.
Still, researchers are examining a whole host of aspects of technology-oriented personalized-learning strategies, from intelligent assessments to pathways for course completion and personal learning environments. And supporters of using technology to personalize the educational experience for K-12 students argue that waiting for the research to catch up before trying new ideas could slow the development of more-effective models for using technology to customize learning for students.
“There’s not a lot of research telling us that cellphones are better than a handset, yet you wouldn’t want to turn back,” says Jayne W. James, the senior director of education leadership for the International Society for Technology in Education, or ISTE, a Washington-based nonprofit group that aims to improve teaching and learning through technology.
Some studies, however, are providing clues about what works.
A recent report by Project RED, a national research and advocacy initiative, found that 46 percent of nearly 1,000 schools surveyed reported that teachers who had access to digital tools spent more time daily on individualized and small-group instruction rather than on teacher lectures. Project RED, which stands for revolutionizing education, is closely linked to the Mason, Mich.-based One-to-One Institute set up to investigate what works in technology-rich learning environments.
The report, “The Technology Factor: Nine Keys to Student Achievement and Cost-Effectiveness,” also found that more than half the schools said that their students were engaged in real-world, problem-solving learning activities using technology on a daily or weekly basis. About the same percentage of schools said that students were directing their own learning by identifying research topics and resources and giving presentations of their findings.
Richard E. Ferdig, a research professor at the Research Center for Educational Technology at Kent State University, in Kent, Ohio., says existing research suggests that if educators use technology to provide personalized learning experiences, the technology can help by expanding those teaching approaches on a much wider scale.
‘Hard to Measure’
Some research about personalization has to do with timelines and pathways for students to make their way through curricula, says Cathy Cavanaugh, an associate professor of educational technology at the University of Florida, in Gainesville, who is currently a Fulbright scholar in Nepal.
“The timelines and time frames students have available, the flexibility, all of that will be an increasing component of personalization,” says Cavanaugh in a Skype video interview. “It shouldn’t be a surprise that we’re finding that students who have more flexibility” are doing better, she says.
That’s borne out by the Project RED data, which found that the use of technology-based interventions for English-language learners, struggling readers, and students in special education were the top predictors of improved high-stakes-test scores, dropout-rate reduction, and course completion. The study also found that a student-centered approach in which the pupil works at his or her own pace was critical.
Wendy K. Drexler, a postdoctoral associate in educational technology at the University of Florida, has been studying personalization by researching how students create their own “personal learning environments” online using networked learning skills, in which students use online networking and research to build knowledge.
Students follow and contribute to blogs, approach subject-matter experts online, collect data on a topic, and then organize it in a way that makes sense and allows others to build on it. Though Drexler says her research allowed her to see whether those students were meeting curricular standards through those high-tech methods, she acknowledges the difficulty in studying the success of those strategies.
“It’s hard to measure, especially if you’re trying to measure it the way you’d measure accountability on a large scale,” Drexler says.
But personalization often hinges on how a given educator implements the technology.
Ferdig’s research has shown that incorporating a face-to-face mentor into students’ use of online courses is directly linked to success. But there needs to be an increased focus on how the teacher uses the technology, Cavanaugh says.
“There’s been a lot less research on the role of the teacher,” she says. “We’ve been so focused on how [technology] works, that we haven’t gotten to some of the questions about specific teaching practices.” | <urn:uuid:d54281c8-4955-47c6-80a9-7b1dc3ffd230> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edweek.org/leadership/researchers-evaluate-tech-oriented-personalized-learning/2011/03?r=1530791014 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950741 | 1,157 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Using energy efficient LED lighting to create the perfect modern environment for your restaurant bar display is simple. Here are a few tips to get you started.… Read more “Modern Bar Lighting Tips”
Step 1 Dezigns introduces Pixels LED Flexible Grid Panel for architectural lighting applications. Pixels is not like anything else in the display lighting industry– easily specifiable, scalable… Read more “Step 1 Dezigns Introduces Pixels Flexible Modular LED Sheets for Tailored Architectural Lighting Applications”
Louis Vuitton is using 48V DC microgrids for its lighting at 40 of its newer stores in both Europe and China. THERE ARE a host of factors… Read more “10 reasons the future of lighting is DC grids”
To prevent damage and frustrations from Hardwire soldering the LED tape lights together. Before installation of LED strips, anyone should know the best options to use LED Tape… Read more “How to connect 12V DC LED Strip Lights with Easy Connectors”
In the run-up to Christmas, it’s time to either pull out the box of old Christmas lights or push the boat out and buy a new set… Read more “What are the regulations for installing Christmas lights?”
After decades of decline, the Boston Public Library’s bright and renovated Johnson Building lets the light in. By Mimi Zeiger Courtesy of archlighting.com Bruce T. MartinThe distinct architectural styles… Read more “The Boston Public Library’s Johnson Building Is Infused With New Life”
Manufacturing spaces have drastically evolved from the dark conditions associated with the industrialism of past decades. Although these times were important to the development of western culture… Read more “How LED Technology Has Impacted the Factory Lighting Industry”
When white light is passed through a glass prism, it is separated into a spectrum of colors.
When it comes to Retail Lighting, use the best practice tips for your next project.
What can you expect from the LED light bulbs? The color temperature is represented in the unit of static temperature, Kelvin, noted by the symbol K. Residential lighting… Read more “How to Choose the Right Color Temperature for your LED Lighting Applications” | <urn:uuid:91baef24-94f6-4749-bbfe-58aa5e8d0d85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://step1dezignsblog.wordpress.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.853759 | 463 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Survey: Patients Need Continued Engagement with Providers Outside of the Doctor’s Office
// By Althea Fung //
A recent survey found that half of the respondents get most of their COVID-19 information from media reports. About a third of respondents believe that no one has provided clear information consistently about COVID-19.
Patient engagement is a critical piece of patient care. Studies have linked patient engagement with improved health outcomes, lower costs, and higher ratings on patient experience surveys. But a new survey from Actium Health, a CRM Intelligence and patient activation platform, found that consumers increasingly expect more from their doctors while also feeling less confident about their providers.
The annual survey of healthcare consumers conducted online in February 2022 found that most consumers (63 percent) expect more from their doctors. That’s up from 50.2 percent in 2021. At the same time, a little over 50 percent of survey respondents expressed feeling less confident in their doctors, which is also up nine percentage points from last year’s survey.
“I think people are confident in their providers at the moment that they’re sitting in front of them,” says Mike Linnert, founder and CEO of Actium Health. “Where people tend to drift away is the 99 percent of the time that [they are] not in front of the doctor or not in the midst of an episode or recovery.”
Linnert says consumers increasingly turn to less reliable sources of medical information like Dr. Google or friends in those times: “That’s what we think is the real opportunity for health systems and providers to think proactively about how to connect with patients — in between episodes of care.”
Linnert says that seizing the opportunity to connect with patients proactively can help reduce medical misinformation and connect patients to appropriate care.
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Log in below to access this content: | <urn:uuid:2f7bfc6a-5a75-4968-8ca2-b49d7dbfbe3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ehealthcarestrategy.com/survey-patients-need-continued-engagement-with-providers-outside-of-the-doctors-office/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.946271 | 427 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Together with well-known universities (eg TU Vienna, Uni Linz, UNI Paderborn), we are conducting research on innovative topics to improve the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of system and software development.
Among other things, we provide e.g. research projects in the following areas:
- Automatic test case generation
- Model-based testing
- Automatic log tester
- Efficient tool integration
- Automation of the development process
We are also happy to take on research assignments for problems, for which you do not find a solution (because of lack of time, lack of personnel, lack of expertise, etc.).
We like to research in all areas of quality, efficiency and effectiveness in the development of systems and software such as
- Requirements engineering methods
- Software Architecture
- Code quality
- Risk management in the system and software development
- Metrics and benchmarks in the system and software development
- Quality assurance and testing
- Test automation, software in the loop, hardware in the Loop
- Process automation in the system and software development
- Tool integration
- Continuous integration and build
- Simulation and virtualization in the system and software development
Contact us if you are interested!
We grant a specially reduced research hourly rate for contract research if synergies or additional benefits result from research.
We have our own innovation manager, who also takes care of funding opportunities, so we will be glad to use existing funding programs together with you if you are interested and prepare proposals for funding for your research projects. | <urn:uuid:db432771-9538-46c0-aee0-65261aa4d935> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.software-quality-lab.com/en/services/research-analysis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.900784 | 318 | 1.5 | 2 |
Our double flutes are as easy to play as the single flutes, they take just a little bit more breath. With a double flute you play the melody on one side and the other side provides the drone in the root note of the flute - it sounds like two people are playing!
The Nova Double Pocket Flute 'G' is handcrafted from domestic Spanish Cedar, which gives them a warm, full musical voice. It is approximately 8-inches in length (20.5 cm) by 1.5-inches wide (4 cm) by 1-inch deep (2.5 cm)
All of our double flutes have two mouthpieces so you can play it as a double flute or a single flute instantly. The flute is tuned in the key of 'G' minor and can also be played in the relative major diatonic scale in the key of 'A#'.
SOUND SAMPLES | LISTEN NOW | <urn:uuid:ecfa7985-1e28-4931-a9a4-86477d9ed45a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://highspirits.com/collections/pocket-flutes/products/nova-double-pocket-flute-key-of-g | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971425 | 196 | 1.695313 | 2 |
On 22 March, the European Commission launched the ‘European Research Area for Ukraine’ (ERA4Ukraine) portal, a one-stop-shop for information and support services to Ukraine-based researchers and researchers fleeing Ukraine.
The portal brings together initiatives at the EU level, per country and from non-governmental groups. It aims to help affected researchers find housing and job opportunities, facilitate the recognition of their diplomas, and offer other services.
The ERA4Ukraine portal is launched on the existing EURAXESS network, which supports researchers by connecting more than 600 centres and 43 national portals across the EU Member States and countries associated with Horizon Europe. All information will soon be available in both English and Ukrainian. So far, 30 country portals are available.
“Ukrainian scientists and researchers have been key contributors to EU research and innovation. Pending the ratification of Ukraine’s association to Horizon Europe, we have made sure successful beneficiaries can already receive funding from the EU R&I programmes,” said Mariya Gabriel, the European Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth.
Last week, the European Research Council (ERC) appealed to its 5,600 ERC grantees to provide temporary employment to refugee researchers and support staff from Ukraine. Within just a couple of days, 380 offers have been received.
Other EU initiatives include access to Science4Refugees, an existing EURAXESS initiative that provides internships, part-time and full-time jobs to refugees, as well as access to a European Research Community, EU solidarity with Ukraine and MSCA – Researchers at risk.
The ERA4Ukraine portal also links to #Science4Ukraine, a group of volunteer students and research scientists from academic institutions in Europe and around the world that help Ukrainian academics and students to continue their work and career despite the war.
Find out more
This website is managed by the EU-funded Regional Communication Programme for the Eastern Neighbourhood ('EU NEIGHBOURS east’), which complements and supports the communication of the Delegations of the European Union in the Eastern partner countries, and works under the guidance of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations, and the European External Action Service. EU NEIGHBOURS east is implemented by a B&S Europe-led consortium. It is part of the larger Neighbourhood Communication Programme (2020-2024) for the EU's Eastern and Southern Neighbourhood, which also includes 'EU NEIGHBOURS south’ project that runs the EU Neighbours portal. | <urn:uuid:7e912eaa-360f-4fae-960e-4277b439cb8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://euneighbourseast.eu/news/latest-news/eu-launches-one-stop-shop-to-support-researchers-of-ukraine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.921342 | 540 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Twelve years from now, there will be 70% more construction work going on around the world. Building reports on the findings of Global Construction 2025
With market conditions still tough for the UK construction industry, it can be tempting to focus on the here and now. When surviving until 2014 - at which point output is forecast finally to pick up - is the order of the day, it can be difficult to take the long-term perspective. However, it is worth considering what may be around the corner.
Who knows? It might even put a smile on your face.
This week saw the publication of Global Construction 2025, the third report in a series of major global studies put together by research firms Global Construction Perspectives and Oxford Economics. The report focuses on the world’s 46 biggest construction markets and provides detailed analysis of the future shape of those markets and output forecasts up to 2025, alongside historical data going back to before the world’s economies had a collective heart attack in 2007.
The results of the survey make for a fascinating read. For instance, the report predicts that construction output globally will grow by 70% over the forecast period, on average by 4.3% a year, from $8.7 trillion in 2012 to $15 trillion by 2025. Taken as a share of world GDP, construction last year accounted for 12.2%, and the report forecasts that will rise to 13.5% by 2025.
Global Construction 2025 also makes it clear that most growth over the next 13 years is to be found in emerging markets. The report concludes that in 2025 construction will on average account for 10.3% of developed economies’ GDP, compared with 16.7% in emerging markets. Much of that growth is also accounted for by a single country. By 2025, the report forecasts, China will represent a quarter of global construction output.
The following pages also contain some rays of hope for companies unable to take advantage of opportunities abroad. So relax, sit back, pull up a chair - and prepare to take the long view.
Perhaps surprisingly, the outlook for the US is very positive, with growth of over 75% forecast between 2012 and 2025. The report says that potential growth in the housing sector is particularly strong, anticipating that the country needs to build 20 million homes by 2025 - or 1.5 million a year - driven by a rapidly increasing population.
The outlook for Canada is strong too, with close trade links to the US, high rates of population growth and the exploitation of oil and shale gas reserves all helping to boost construction output. In addition, the neglect of Canada’s highways, sewers and other basic infrastructure has now come to a head and both federal and provincial governments have reacted with a long-term programme of investment.
THE UK AND WESTERN EUROPE
First the bad news. Taking western Europe as a whole, Global Construction 2025 predicts that the region’s construction market will be 5% smaller in 2025 than in 2007. This is due to a combination of declining real wages and unemployment having a negative impact on housebuilding, as well as high levels of public debt meaning there will be little funding available for infrastructure investment. The report forecasts that output growth will struggle to reach 2% in any year between now and 2025.
However, the news is rather better for the UK. Due to a pressing need for new homes and renewed infrastructure on the one hand and the apparent willingness of Chinese and Middle Eastern sovereign wealth funds to invest in UK infrastructure and real estate, the report forecasts that UK construction output will grow at 2.1% a year on average up to 2025 - twice the rate of the western European average. It concludes that by the end of the forecast period the size of the UK market will rival that of Germany’s, with output of $315bn and $342bn respectively.
While the population of eastern Europe is forecast to decline by 0.2% a year over the forecast period, the report says that strong economic growth should lead to increased construction demand. It expects output to grow on average by 4.6% a year over the next 12 years, marginally higher than the global average. However, there are marked differences between countries, with the best performers, Turkey and Russia, predicted to see average annual growth exceeding 5%. Russia is expected to move from being the ninth largest construction market in the world in 2012 to the sixth by 2025. Growth in Turkey is forecast to be, if anything, higher than in Russia, with rapid urbanisation and the need to replace and upgrade the country’s housing stock driving growth.
Growth in construction output across Latin America is expected to be below the global average, largely because most countries are already highly urbanised. For instance, the continent’s largest construction market, Brazil, is only expected to see average annual growth of 2% between 2012 and 2025, despite the fact that the country is playing host both to the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games.
On the other hand, mining industries in Chile and Colombia are expected to support stronger growth in the longer term, and Mexico’s economy is expected to benefit from low labour costs and its strong trade links with the US. The report expects average annual growth of 4% in Chile and Colombia, and almost 5% in Mexico.
Global Construction 2025 also identifies a key growth opportunity in Latin America: affordable housing. In Mexico alone, the report identifies a housing deficit of some 8.9 million homes. It says that in Latin America and the Caribbean almost 60 million people live in homes classified as unfit for habitation. This, the report says, provides opportunities for companies prepared to develop cost-effective mass housing solutions. In total, the report predicts that 27.5 million new homes will be needed in Brazil and Mexico alone by 2025.
With a population due to reach 1.2 billion by 2025 - over 40% higher than today - the report predicts that construction growth in sub-Saharan Africa will be higher than all but the emerging Asian markets over the forecast period. The region’s urban population is expected to grow by 70% and to become more middle class, with all the housing, transportation and social infrastructure requirements that that entails.
The report expects Nigeria to achieve the second highest growth in construction output - of 8% a year. It says that slightly fewer than 1.5 million new homes need to be built every year until 2025, making the country the fifth largest housing market in the world.
Qatar is expected to have the fastest growing construction market of all countries examined in Global Construction 2025 with average output growth of 10% a year. However, much of this can be attributed to the country hosting the 2022 World Cup and the report anticipates that growth will slow significantly after 2020.
The report anticipates that output in India will grow by 7.4% a year on average to 2025 - higher even than China, driven by huge growth in population and middle-class households in particular. It adds that India will overtake Japan as the world’s third biggest construction market by 2022. The report predicts that China, India and the US will together account for 60% of growth over the forecast period.
INDONESIA, VIETNAM AND THE PHILIPPINES
With the likes of South Korea and Taiwan now largely developed, industrialised economies, construction output - which reached giddy heights in the nineties - has slowed in the so-called tiger economies. The report forecasts average construction output growth in South Korea of 3.5% a year from 2012-25, making it the slowest growing of all the emerging Asian economies.
However, the huge and growing Chinese economy has opened up opportunities for other countries in the region and the report names Indonesia as “perhaps the most dynamic new Asian tiger construction market”. The report predicts that Indonesia’s average construction output growth a year will be 6% from 2012-25, and that in the same period it will move from being the 10th biggest construction market in the world to the fifth.
Similarly, the report predicts that Vietnam and the Philippines will achieve average annual growth of over 5% across the forecast period.
China overtook the US in 2010 as the world’s largest construction market and now accounts for 18% of global construction. However, by 2025 the report anticipates that the country’s market share will have grown to 25%. The report predicts that annual construction output growth in China will slow over the forecast period, but still anticipates growth of around 6% a year between 2020 and 2025 compared with 8.5% currently.
While the outlook for Japan is positive in the short term, Global Construction 2025 forecasts weaker growth in the long term. The country’s construction industry is busy with redevelopment work following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami, and has been boosted by government policies to deal with deflation and shake off two decades of economic stagnation. This includes a fiscal stimulus of 2% of GDP, which should improve prospects over the next two years. However, the report forecasts that Japan’s declining population will ultimately offset these factors and predicts output growth will slow to 1% in the medium term.
Global Construction 2025 makes it clear that the construction boom in Australia is over. Investment in the country’s mining industry is slowing, it says, with the industry moving from building capacity to a largely production phase. The report adds that this will have a marked impact on construction output, with annual growth rates slowing from an average of 4.4% a year in 2005-12 to 1.3% by 2025. | <urn:uuid:4798178c-fd2b-4776-8613-1beb9851c9db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.building.co.uk/focus/global-construction-2025/5057217.article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947962 | 1,998 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The nation's largest bank is also an adorably lame wannabe early adopter dad who "just loves tech" so it came as something less than a surprise to learn that JPMorgan went and pulled 'An Uber' in a bold move to bolster it's machine learning division...
The largest U.S. bank by assets said Thursday that Carnegie Mellon University’s head of machine learning will join JPMorgan in a new role, head of artificial-intelligence research.
In the position, Manuela Veloso, who is also a professor at Carnegie Mellon, will build on the bank’s existing work applying machine learning technology, according to an internal memo reviewed by The Wall Street Journal.
AI is a big deal for the big banks and will go a long way to streamlining processes (in combo with Jamie Dimon's newly-beloved Blockchain) and cost management (ie automation-induced mass layoffs.) Hiring a big academic name is a nice way to show serious engineers that you're in this for real, but it's hardly a magic bullet. For proof of that negative, let's just gaze and behold the fleet of perfectly operational self-driving cars that Uber has on America's roads after poaching most of Carnegie Mellon's robotics department.
[Insert .gif of tumbleweeds here]
While we look forward to seeing what Veloso does at JPM [the smart money is discovering a way to implant Dimon's consciousness into Marianne Lake's cerebral cortex], we don't expect things to happen very fast. But at least we know what this old picture is all about: | <urn:uuid:810788bb-e855-49a6-b721-7e0c108fb8e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dealbreaker.com/2018/05/jpmorgan-poaches-carnegie-mellons-top-ai-professor-in-clearest-sign-yet-that-jamie-dimon-will-transfer-his-brain-to-the-cloud-and-become-immortal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.936513 | 323 | 1.6875 | 2 |
When your airway collapses during sleep, air cannot get to the lungs. This leads to a brief arousal from sleep that causes fragmentation and poor sleep quality. This cycle can repeat hundreds of times in one night, but typically these events are not remembered in the morning.
Your bed partner may notice that you snore loudly or repeatedly stop breathing. Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea can cause daytime sleepiness and can even affect your mood. It also increases the risk of obesity, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes, erectile dysfunction, and depression. | <urn:uuid:9261e9ac-4a80-4509-a972-5921f921e274> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.californiasleepsolutions.com/patient-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931517 | 117 | 2.40625 | 2 |
State and Local Testing Strategies for Responding to COVID-19 Outbreaks in Communities: Considerations for Equitable Distribution
- Published By
- The Rockefeller Foundation
This report provides considerations for equitably prioritizing testing resources to communities at greatest risk as states and local governments face shortages of testing and ancillary supplies. It also includes longer-term strategies for controlling COVID-19 after the surge in cases subsides to stop emerging outbreaks and identify new variants. | <urn:uuid:648ef76b-1758-43d4-a812-cfee48377ca6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maps.communitycommons.org/entities/d487c3e1-a8b4-4c66-8699-859896a6479b | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.894504 | 100 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Which Are Somehow Still Around , Google again late kiill date for Chrome Apps
Google is giving its little-utilized Chrome applications usefulness—which numerous clients probably won’t recall exists—a relief from its execution date.
Chrome applications, which are unmistakable from program expansions, are programs which are introduced in Chrome yet can be propelled independent from the work area correspondingly to some other application. Generally, their prime was over a large portion of 10 years back (or more).
Per the Verge, one genuine case of what a Chrome application resembles by and by is Pocket, which permits clients to spare news stories and other content substance for later survey in an independent, stripped-down window.
Starting at prior this year, Chrome applications on Linux, Mac, and Windows should quit working in June of this current year. Be that as it may, per 9to5Google, Google has clearly been thinking again.
In a Monday blog entry, Google composed that Chrome applications on those three working frameworks won’t shut down until June 2021 dependent on “criticism from our clients and accomplices.”
Associations that depend on the applications for reasons unknown may demand an expansion that will oversee them to June 2022, which is likewise when Chrome applications support on ChromeOS is currently planned to end.
On the off chance that all works out as expected, at that point, June 2022 is when Chrome applications will at last be pushing up daisies. The Chrome Web Store will “quit tolerating new and refreshed private and unlisted Chrome applications” around then, as indicated by Google, just as end support for applications and related APIs on all stages.
Google initially reported designs to end support for Chrome applications right in 2016, refering to an absence of far reaching selection (only one percent of Chrome clients on Mac, Linux, and Windows had introduced a bundled application) just as patches that had made Chrome undeniably more fit for exercises like “working disconnected, sending warnings, and associating with equipment.”
The Chrome Web Store expelled its classification for applications in December 2017 as it started actualizing its replacement Progressive Web Apps, which permits sites to look more like applications and aren’t restricted to running on Chrome.
Chrome expansions, which are fiercely well known, won’t be affected by these changes.
Google really suggests that designers of any dynamic Chrome applications change to Progressive Web Apps, expansion improved website pages, or augmentations, just as advise their clients ahead of time to do the switch. | <urn:uuid:b8d4e57e-8b10-42fd-af06-10bb2e5f656f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.residentweekly.com/which-are-somehow-still-around-google-again-late-kiill-date-for-chrome-apps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955951 | 518 | 1.546875 | 2 |
There are lots of kinds of home entertainment, from playing video games to watching movies. Amusement has been around for numerous centuries, but has actually developed as technology, culture and style have changed. Movies and TV programs tell stories, music is played, and events offer an audience with enjoyment for a day or more. While public implementations are prohibited in most countries, fence, archery, and cooking have been preferred amusement for generations, ending up being specialist competitors as well as programs. Even public implementations are currently rare.
The interpretation of entertainment is the activity of bringing satisfaction or diversion to a target market. The material of entertainment depends on the target market’s choices and also degree of involvement. If individuals are bored with a motion picture, they will discover a much more amusing program to watch. On top of that, home entertainment is also required to keep the audience satisfied. It is necessary to note that home entertainment does not need a huge audience, yet it does need a target market. Unlike video games, which are commonly played for money, the majority of types of home entertainment are free and also available for everybody to take pleasure in.
Although there is no clear-cut meaning of enjoyment, there are various genres of entertainment. The main distinction in between music, movies, and sports is the scale. Enjoyment can be proper for a banquet for two people, an efficiency for thousands, or a big international target market. Regardless of its dimension and function, entertainment is an integral part of the culture as well as economic climate. There are lots of forms of amusement, from performances to TV shows. As well as they can be customized to fit any celebration.
Besides being an integral part of life, amusement also works as a means of escaping stress and anxiety and also improving psychological and also psychological well-being. In fact, it can even boost the economy and also advertise creative thinking, which in turn helps a community. It likewise constructs partnerships and also improves communication abilities. All of these activities are outstanding means to bond with loved ones. And also if you have an imaginative side, you may wish to seek a pastime. Enjoyment can be a source of learning as well as helps your family members come to be more detailed.
In the twenty-first century, tv has actually continued to be a substantial resource of home entertainment. Several tv individuals pertain to amusement programs as the keystone of what they consume. These tv reveals include lots of categories, from dramatization and also aired movies to funny, video game shows and also quiz programs, music, ability competitions, and also talk shows. Online home entertainment continues to obtain popularity, however scores are still quite different among subgroups. There is no clear winner in a direct contrast between both.
There are several sub-industries committed to home entertainment. The entertainment industry includes the songs, dancing, and fine art sectors. It also includes the information media sector, which includes television, radio, and also the net. It additionally consists of museums, cultural tourist attractions, and parades. No matter genre, these industries are essential to our society. Yet there are a lot of different kinds of home entertainment that it can be challenging to call them all. There are several sorts of enjoyment, and it’s critical to know what you’re into to be successful in the field.
While some lawyers focus on this area, it is necessary to keep in mind that it’s not a one-size-fits-all method. Often, attorneys in this field might deal with enjoyment instances in conjunction with litigation as well as transactional practices. They need to have considerable experience in this area of the regulation. If a client has a particular demand, they must ask for recommendations. If an attorney does not have references, he/she might be inadequate in helping the client.
Whether it’s a tv show or motion picture, a home entertainment lawyer can aid you navigate the legalities of this location of legislation. Amusement law covers a variety of areas of law, consisting of labor and also work regulation, contract regulation, as well as lawsuits. A certified amusement attorney can aid you recognize the law, work out agreements, and also resolve disputes. Whether it’s a contract, a film or a music recording, home entertainment attorneys can help you browse these problems.
Sports and video games are likewise popular kinds of enjoyment, and the society of a country can have an influence heading that sports and also home entertainment are developed. For example, browsing is related to Hawaii, while snow snowboarding was most likely developed in Scandinavia. Despite where the sporting activity stemmed, it spread to various other countries worldwide. Yet, the origin countries maintain the popularity as well as standing of their sporting activities and also games. In Canada, ice hockey, for example, is a crucial form of entertainment.
Literature is one more type of home entertainment. Literary works, like poetry, often integrate humorous components. Some instances consist of limericks, which utilize predictable rhyme as well as rhythm to amuse target markets. Interactive publications are also an additional type of literary entertainment. Interactive books make these forms of entertainment much more interactive for the target market. The world of home entertainment is limitless, so it’s a good idea to check out various kinds of literary home entertainment. So, proceed as well as find something brand-new this weekend break!
Children have constantly played games and also still do. These tasks are helpful for their growth. In fact, the Renaissance painter Pieter Bruegel the Senior repainted a paint of kids playing games that portrays kids at play. Many of these games are played today. They’re enjoyable and assist the brain promote as well as create. Home entertainment is a great way to pass the time. And also, as a bonus offer, they’re a superb means to remain healthy!
Enjoying films is another excellent way to kick back. Flicks are wonderful means to ease stress as well as find exhilaration. You can also watch television for home entertainment, if you prefer to stay in and unwind. Enjoyment on tv comes anywhere, and the range is unlimited. A motion picture with your family members is a wonderful means to spend top quality time with each other. And also snacks is the excellent companion. So, prepare yourself to appreciate some amusement with each other! You’ll rejoice you did. PC바둑이
An entertainment legal representative can practice either as a private practice lawyer or as an in-house guidance for a production workshop. An internal amusement legal representative will usually work with one client while a personal lawyer may have various clients. The method of enjoyment law is primarily concentrated in the USA, with one of the most noticeable facilities being New York City, Los Angeles, and also Nashville. The area of entertainment regulation is incredibly diverse and entails a wide variety of areas and skills. | <urn:uuid:232259da-5b40-45aa-badf-b8b1d8a38697> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eureca-solutions.com/2022/06/01/keys-you-will-never-ever-understand-about-home-entertainment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969058 | 1,403 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Pineal gland disease
Category: Illness or disabilities
Introduction and description
Its shape resembles a tiny pine cone (hence its name), and it is located near the centre of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join.
In younger people, the pineal gland grows with the baby until he or she is about 1–2 years of age, then remains a stable size thereafter until the person reaches puberty. The gland then grows again in line with the spurt of growth which appears during puberty.
The pineal gland is not isolated from the body by the blood–brain barrier system; it has profuse blood flow, second only to the kidney.
Illnesses and diseases of the Pineal gland
One problem that can occur with the pineal gland is the accumulation of Brain sand. This is described in some detail below. Other problems that can occur with the Pineal gland include Pineocytoma, also known as a pinealocytoma, which is a benign, slowly growing tumour of the pineal gland and the similar condition pineal gland cyst, which appears to be caused principally by parasites.
All disorders of the pineal gland are accompanied by profound spiritual experiences - hallucinations, visions, extraordinary dreams. The connection between the pineal gland and spiritual experience has long been recognised and was deliberately engineered at one time. It was part of the Mystery religions' preparations - although in those days there were nowhere near as many toxins, and other unpleasant things to make it so risky.
Calcification - Brain sand are calcified structures in the pineal gland and other areas of the brain such as the choroid plexus. Concentrations of "brain sand" increase with age, so the pineal gland becomes increasingly visible on X-rays over time, usually by the third or fourth decade. They are sometimes used as anatomical landmarks in radiological examinations. Chemical analysis shows that they are composed of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, and ammonium phosphate. Recently, calcite deposits have been described as well. This means that diet probably plays a big part in producing these deposits, especially one high in Calcium, Magnesium and Phosporus. One of the ways in which people can deliberately cause calcification in order to obtain spiritual experience - dreams etc is via Sexy eating, which adjusts the mineral balance towards these minerals. It is not without its risks, but this is explained.
Other causes - there are also these days, however, other less benign mechanisms by which illness and diseases can result
- Toxins - one known class of toxins which interfere with endocrine function are the Endocrine disruptors but many other toxins are implicated
- Viral infection - of which numerous viruses are implicated. But the following was especially interesting as it showed that just one of the viruses could affect all sorts of areas of the brain and cause brain tumours - not just the pineal gland
A total of 111 fresh brain biopsies from patients with primary brain tumors were examined for JC polyomavirus sequences from the Large T antigen encoding region (LT) and the viral non-coding control region (NCCR). … In the glioblastoma group of 39 patients 48.7% were positive ... Among the astrocytoma group (19 patients) and the oligodendroglioma group (12 patients) 31.6% and 33.3% were also positive. The prevalence of LT genomic sequences among the other groups was as follows: in 2 out of 3 oligoastrocytomas; in 3 out 5 gangliogliomas; in 2 out of 5 meduloblastomas; in 1 out 3 pineocytomas; and in none of the tested 5 ependimomas. PMID: 21739452
Pineocytomas have been induced in a high percentage of hamsters inoculated intracerebrally within 24 hours after birth with particular strains of a human papovavirus. Studies on …pineal tumors have led to important conclusions and implications. Many of the differentiated pineocytoma cells contained organelles and related structures that are characteristic of hamster pineocytes, PMID: 7411135
Virus-like particles were seen in the tumour cells of a pinealoma in a male of 18 years. The particles were dense, spherical or hexagonal in shape, and 100-130 nm in size. They were found in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus. They occurred in aggregates or in isolation. These particles may be ..one of the herpes-, leuro- or arena-groups, especially when judged from their size. However, greater certainty as to their nature is impossible from the morphological evidence. PMID: 941682
- Bacterial infection - again with a number of bacteria as possible candidates. The TB bacteria seems to crop up time and time again in papers
Computerized tomography (CT) revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and a pineal mass in a 14-year-old girl who presented with headaches and a Parinaud's syndrome. …. suboccipital transtentorial biopsy of the lesion revealed it to be a tuberculoma. PMID: 6619942
- Heavy metals - both toxin and heavy metal poisoning may manifest as odd pigmentation and this might be the clue that toxins of one sort or another are the cause
- Parasites - the links here are very clear and there are numerous instances of the problems caused by parasites. But this paper was quite interesing
The distribution of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in the nervous system of experimentally infected Sprague-Dawley rats and BALB/c and deer mice was examined with immunohistochemical techniques. The trypanosomes showed an early invasion in areas lacking a so-called blood-brain or blood-nerve barrier, i.e., in sensory ganglia and circumventricular organs including the area postrema, pineal gland, and median eminence. This distribution of trypanosomes may relate to the origin of cardinal symptoms of the disease, e.g., sensory disturbances, nausea, disturbed circadian rhythm, and neuroendocrinological dysfunctions. Trypanosome infections in rodents may provide a model for studies of how an infectious agent or factors released by the immune response may relatively selectively interfere with these functionally defined regions of the nervous system. PMID: 3216412
- Nutritional deprivation - including mineral imbalance, vitamin imbalance, and other forms of nutritional deprivation.
- Radiation - see the observations for examples.
How it works
As we saw one of the things that can happen to the pineal gland is that it can become ‘calcified’ [see Brain Sand]. A calcified pineal gland does not produce melatonin as efficiently as one which is not calcified. This is possibly why human melatonin production decreases as a person ages.
But if the Pineal gland becomes calcified via Brain sand, there is a high probability the Choroid plexus will also become calcified, which means that the blood brain barrier is compromised. Thus one reason why there are spiritual experiences is that if the blood brain barrier is calcified almost anything in the blood will be able to get straight to the brain and affect it.
This means anything, so it could be everything, from heavy metals to parasites, viruses to bacteria, drugs to pharmaceuticals, which is why so much encephalitis results from the compromising of this barrier.
In this case the experiences are being caused by a form of Brain damage.
Where the Pineal gland is damaged by tumours, cysts or similar, the mechanism is different. One reason is simply that the deformed organ presses on the reticular formation and disrupts the sleep wake cycle.
References and further reading
- Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Jul;2(7):466-8. Calcium-dependent modulation by melatonin of the circadian rhythm in malarial parasites. Hotta CT, Gazarini ML, Beraldo FH, Varotti FP, Lopes C, Markus RP, Pozzan T, Garcia CR. PMID: 1087881
- Int J Neurosci. 1992 May-Jun;64(1-4):217-9. Pineal calcification and its relationship to hallucinations in schizophrenia. Sandyk R, Kay SR. PMID: 1342042 | <urn:uuid:171198e2-70e7-4ba0-afd6-9c41248ea43d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://allaboutheaven.org/overload/pineal-gland-disease/104 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944782 | 1,768 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a peptide hormone from the intestinal tract, plays a central role in the coordination of postprandial glucose homeostasis through actions on insulin secretion, food intake and gut motility. GLP-1 forms the basis for a variety of current drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as new agents currently being developed. Here, we provide a concise overview of the core physiology of GLP-1 secretion and action, and the role of the peptide in human health, disease and therapeutics.
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Research in the laboratories of F.M.G. and F.R. is primarily supported by Wellcome (106262/Z/14/Z and 106263/Z/14/Z) and MRC-UK (MRC_MC_UU_12012/3) funding.
F.M.G. is a consultant for Kallyope, and the laboratories of F.M.G. and F.R. receive additional research funding from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and LGC.
Peer review information Primary Handling Editor: Christoph Schmitt. Nature Metabolism thanks Brian Finan and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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Gribble, F.M., Reimann, F. Metabolic Messengers: glucagon-like peptide 1. Nat Metab 3, 142–148 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-00327-x
Glucagon-like peptide-1 attenuates diabetes-associated osteoporosis in ZDF rat, possibly through the RAGE pathway
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2022)
The potential mechanism of Liu–Wei–Di–Huang Pills in treatment of type 2 diabetic mellitus: from gut microbiota to short-chain fatty acids metabolism
Acta Diabetologica (2022) | <urn:uuid:783d7e88-4ab1-4a05-b5e0-8de96aac4d70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-020-00327-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=e653bc9f-00d7-4045-8dad-5f1fe9439af1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.709475 | 6,165 | 2.015625 | 2 |
A momentum breakout or breakdown occurs when a stock is moving up or down quickly with volume. This is often the result of a catalyst or because the stock is moving through a key area of resistance (such as a moving average, price line or trendline). As more traders are piling in to take advantage of the strong move, the stock is propelled. A momentum breakout or breakdown is sure to slow down, pullback or reverse at some point, so don't get caught buying at the end of the move and plan your share size accordingly to manage risk. Momentum moves happen right out of the open or in-session. Momentum breakouts and breakdowns can still occur without a catalyst, but in order to be validated and low-risk the stock needs to be crossing a key level of resistance or a moving average.
What to look for:
Increasing volume in the direction of the move and/or lower volume on the candles opposing the move
Above average relative volume
Timeframe(s): All timeframes
When to enter:
If you are late to the move, wait for a pullback. Enter as the stock pulls back to a level of support or as the stock is making a new high (for a breakout) or a new low (for a breakdown) after the pullback.
If you catch a catalyst early and the move is just starting, enter with small size and scale up after a low volume pullback or confirmation of the move.
Momentum moves can be very quick or they can run for several minutes. As a general rule, the smaller the timeframe that the move sets up in, the less duration of the move. For example, if you are watching a breakout of an intraday pivot resistance level, don't expect the move to run for 30 minutes. A lower risk strategy is to take 1/4 or 1/2 profit at 2%, move your stop to break-even and then scale out as the move progresses (adjusting your stop along the way).
There are a few different options for stops. You will need to find out which works best for your situation.
Just below the nearest level of established support (for a breakout) or just above the nearest level of established resistance (for a breakdown).This method requires that you are mindful of your position size on entry so that you can afford to get stopped out and still be within your risk tolerance.
If you are expecting at least a 2% move for your first profit target, place your stop at 1% away from your entry.
Half the amount between your entry and your profit target (if you have a level of resistance up ahead that you think the price can reach). For example, if you enter at $10.00 and you believe the stock can run to $12.00, your stop would be at $9.00.
Note: If you are trading small caps in which there is a lot of volatility, I would stop out as soon as the move goes against you or takes too long to form. For small cap momentum breakouts, you will have to practice scalping and quick exits to find your edge.
5-minute VWAP breakout | <urn:uuid:28e23338-d83f-4d86-bc37-c838e40832a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.adaptivetrading.net/momentum-breakout | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.929948 | 692 | 1.523438 | 2 |
1980 15¢ Old Windmill
Issue Date: February 7, 1980
City: Lubbock, TX
Printed By: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method: Engraved
The earliest-known windmills were used in Persia around 644 A.D. and were later adopted by the Europeans in the 12th century. For over 650 years, these devices were an important source of power. However, the discovery of steam power in the early 19th century brought about a gradual decline in their use. Although many people think only of picturesque windmills dotting the Dutch countryside, they were widely used on American farms throughout the 1700 and 1800s. Today, many of these graceful structures have disappeared, but the possibility of electrical power generated by wind has been under study in recent years. | <urn:uuid:239f424e-9711-4589-a2c4-446115e5b032> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mysticstamp.com/Products/United-States/1739/USA/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.983543 | 190 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard, the New York Rangers were among the original six teams that summed up the roster of the National Hockey League from 1942 until 1967. The other five were the Boston Bruins, Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens, and Toronto Maple Leafs. The NHL itself was organized on November 26, 1917, at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal, Quebec, Canada after its operations were first suspended as the National Hockey Association. The Montreal Canadiens were already on the roster, as were the Toronto Maple Leafs. That year, the NHL immediately took NHA’s place as one of the leagues that competed in an annual interleague competition for the prized Stanley Cup. By 1926, the NHL was the only league still in operation after a series of foldings and mergers took place.
When the NHL first began, it actually had four teams and they were Canadian. In 1924, the NHL expanded to allow the inclusion of American teams. This started with the Boston Bruins before the New York Rangers became part of the Original Six in 1926. That year, the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings also joined. The Stanley Cup is actually the oldest professional sports trophy in North America. While the history of the New York Rangers begins in 1926 as one of the Original Six, the history of its founder, Tex Rickard, began in 1870 in Kansas City, Missouri.
Tex Rickard Background
Although born in Kentucky as George Lewis Rickard, he and his family moved to Texas when he was four years old. By the time he was eleven years old, Rickard became a cowboy before becoming a marshal of Henrieta, Texas in 1893 at just twenty-three years old. This is when he would pick up “Tex” as a monicker. In 1895, he and his bride moved to Alaska, hoping to cash in on the recent discovery of gold that was found in the region. When the Klondike Gold Rush began nearby in 1897, he partnered with Harry Ash and the two staked their claims that was later sold for nearly $60,000 USD. With the money, Rickard and Ash opened up a gambling hall, hotel, and saloon in Dawson City, Yukon, Canada. It was during this time, after experiencing monetary loss through gambling, that he would become a boxing promoter.
While in Nome, Alaska, he goaded his friend, Wyatt Earp, to join him in a mutual quest to chase the gold strikes in that region. Earp was a boxing fan that also officiated a number of matches, including the infamous match between Box Fitzsimmons and Tom Sharkey in San Fransisco, California, on December 2, 1896. In 1906, Rickard was not only running casinos, hotels, and saloons, but he was also a boxing promoter. By the time the 1920s hit, Tex Rickard was the leading boxing promoter and was recognized by the media as the first to recognize the potential of the star system. Rickard is the same man to identify the Montreal Canadiens as “the Habs,” as he commented the “H” that was sported on their hockey uniforms at the time stood for “Habitants.” This was, at the time, the Canadian nickname equivalent to the American redneck.
From 1911 until 1916, Tex Rickard became a rancher in South America before returning to U.S. soil and getting right back into the game of boxing promotion. On March 17, 1916, Jess Willard and Frank Moran fought each other at New York City’s second incarnated Madison Square Garden, which was located at 26th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan. At the time, it set a new record for an indoor event at $152,000 USD. The purse wound up becoming the largest ever awarded for a no-decision match. This record was later beat on July 2, 1921, at $1,789,238 USD when a boxing match took place between Jack Dempsey and Georges Carpentier.
The fight was held in a specially built arena in Jersey City, New Jersey. In the meantime, after Walker Law reestablished legal boxing in the state of New York on July 12, 1920, Rickard secured a ten-year lease of Madison Square Garden from its owner, New York Life Insurance Company. In 1922, Rickard lost his license as a boxing promoter in the state of New York when he was inducted on charges revolving around underage girls that included abduction and sexual assault. At the time, he also gave up control of Madison Square Garden. After he was found not guilty and all the charges were dropped, he got his license back. On May 12, 1923, Rickard promoted the first boxing card held at Yankee Stadium. The crowd attendance was another record that was set for a boxing bout in the state of New York at 60,000 spectators.
The $182,903.26 profits that were earned that day were donated to Millicent Hearst’s Milk Fund. On May 31, 1923, Rickard filed incorporation papers for the New Madison Square Garden Corporation. This was a company that was formed for the purpose of building and operating a brand new sports arena in New York City. After acquiring the rights to proceed with the third incarnated Madison Square Garden, he purchased a car barn block between 49th and 50th Streets on Eighth Avenue. Thomas W. Lamb was the man assigned to design the new stadium, which officially opened on November 28, 1925. The first event it held was the preliminaries for the annual six-day bicycle race. The first major event it held was a boxing match between Paul Berlenbach and Jack Delaney that was held on December 11, 1925.
In January 1926, Rickard purchased WWGL and renamed it WMSG after moving it to the Garden. In 1926, after the Garden’s successful year with its first hockey team, New York Americans, the Madison Square Garden Corporation introduced its second team which was nicknamed “Tex’s Rangers.” Originally, the New York Americans were promised they were going to be the only hockey team to play in Madison Square Garden but the inaugural season gave Rickard cause to pursue the dream of a second professional-level ice hockey team.
Debuting the New York Rangers
During the 1926-27 season of the National Hockey League, Tex Richard was the president of Madison Square Garden and was awarded an NHL franchise to compete with the New York Americans. The New York Rangers, also known as Tex’s Rangers at the time, began to play its first season that sported the team crest of a horse sketched in blue that was carrying a cowboy waving a hockey stick. It was later changed to sport the familiar diagonal print, RANGERS.
Conn Smythe was the man hired to assemble the first roster of the New York Rangers but had a falling out with Colonel John S. Hammond and was fired as the team’s coach and manager on the eve of the 1926 team’s first season. This is the same Conn Smythe that eventually became the owner of the Toronto Maple Leafs. Taking his place was Pacific Coast Hockey Association’s co-founder Lester Patrick. Although the team was assembled by Smythe, it was Patrick who coached the Rangers to win the American Division title before losing in the playoffs to the Boston Bruins.
Thanks to the team’s first-season success, the players on the roster of the New York Rangers became minor celebrities in the city of New York. They became fixtures in the city’s Roaring Twenties nightlife brought about the team’s nickname “The Broadway Blueshirts.” Their popularity soared even further after winning the 1928 Stanley Cup against the Montreal Maroons. The teams played five games where the Maroons won two of them and the Rangers won three. This series featured Patrick having to replace the team goaltender, Lorne Chabot, after having to leave the game due to an eye injury.
Originally, Patrick suggested Alex Connell of the Ottawa Senators take Chabot’s place as he was in attendance, watching the game. At the time, there were no backup goaltenders uniformed and on standby should anything happen to the first goalie. When the Maroons’ head coach, Eddie Regard, vetoed Patrick’s decision, the angry forty-four-year-old coach of the Rangers geared up and joined his team on the ice. After two periods during game two of the finals, Patrick allowed only one goal past him before fellow teammate, Frank Boucher, scored the game-winner in overtime against Montreal. His left-winger, Murray Murdoch, was also instrumental in this fateful series. Until Murdoch left the New York Rangers and the NHL after the end of the 1937-37 season, Murdoch never missed a game since his 1926 debut. He spent the rest of his hockey career as a coach for Yale University’s ice hockey team, the Bulldogs before retiring in 1965. When Murdoch passed away in 2001, he was the last living player from the 1925 inaugural team.
Cookin’ with Boucher
The 1929 Stanley Cup Final witnessed the New York Rangers losing to the Boston Bruins. It wouldn’t be until 1933 that they would win NHL’s top prize when its star center, Frank Boucher, would have Bill Cook serve as his right-winger and his brother, Bun Cook, play left wing. Together, they were instrumental in the best of five series against the Toronto Maple Leaf. They won the series in just four games, losing only one of them to the Canadian team. Throughout the rest of the 1930s, the Rangers played a 0.500 game average until they earned their next Stanley Cup win in 1940.
During the 1939-40 season, the New York Rangers and the Boston Bruins saw their NHL rivalry result with the Rangers finishing just behind the Bruins in the league ranks when the regular season wrapped up. Going into the playoffs, these two teams were pitted against each other saw the Bruins win the first two of the best of five games. Defying the odds, the New York Rangers dug deep into their team spirit and bounced back with three straight wins. While the New York Rangers defeated the Bruins, their Madison Square Garden counterparts, the New York Americans, lost to the Detroit Red Wings in their best of three series, two games to one.
When the Red Wings faced off against the Toronto Maple Leafs during the second round, they failed to secure a win in that three-game series. As for the Rangers, eliminating the Bruins earned them a bye, allowing them to watch on to witness the Maple Leafs earning their shot to put an end to the hope of the Rangers to earn their third Stanley Cup victory.
Held in Madison Square Garden, the 1940 Stanley Cup finals witnessed the Rangers win the first two games before the Maple Leafs bounced back with two wins of their own. In this best of seven series, the Rangers won the fifth and sixth games in overtime. For Lester Patrick, this was his final crowning achievement before stepping down as the team’s head coach. Taking his place was Frank Boucher as he hung up his skates as a player, hoping to lead the Rangers into the 1940s with the same impressive track record since they first enrolled in the NHL in 1926.
During the 1943-44 season, the New York Rangers experienced a rough ride as its 1943-44 goaltender, Ken McAuley, led the NHL with thirty-nine losses with 310 goals allowed against him in the fifty games he played. He had a 6.24 goals-against average, a record that remains the worst in the league’s history that has played at least twenty-five games in a season. It wouldn’t be until the 1950 playoffs the New York Rangers would enter the NHL playoffs. As fate had it, Madison Square Garden was hosting a circus during the playoff season, forcing the Rangers to play every single one of their games in Toronto. That year, the Rangers lost to the Detroit Red Wings when they were scored against in overtime in their seventh game together.
Interestingly enough, James E. Norris became the largest stockholder with Madison Square Garden. He also happened to own the Detroit Red Wings at this time. However, he did not have a controlling interest in the arena as this would have violated NHL’s rule against a person owning more than one team. He did, however, have enough support on the board to exercise de facto control. Unfortunately for the Rangers, their performance as one of the Original Six teams saw them only making the playoffs four times over the span of the next sixteen seasons. In 1967, the New York Rangers did witness a return to the playoffs after a five-year drought when rookie goaltender Eddie Giacomin and the thirty-seven-year-old former Montreal Canadiens right-winger, Bernie “Boom Boom” Geoffrion. However, it was not enough to secure another Stanley Cup victory.
Revivals and Rivals
In 1968, the fourth version of the Madison Square Garden was erected and opened for business as a multi-use indoor arena. Located in Midtown Manhattan, this new arena was situated between Seventh and Eighth Avenues from 31st to 33rd Street, right above Pennsylvania Station. When this happened, it seemed the New York Rangers experienced a bit of a revival. The team had its high-scoring center, Jean Ratelle, keeping pace with Phil Esposito of the Boston Bruins. He, along with Brad Park, Vic Hadfield, and Rod Gilbert summed up what was an exciting team lineup. Ratelle, Hadfield, and Gilbert were dubbed the GAG line as their goal-a-game performance earned the Rangers a 1971-72 season NHL playoff berth.
This impressive team dethroned the defending Montreal Canadiens in the first round, then the Chicago Blackhawks during the second round, but failed to get past the Boston Bruins in the finals. This was no small achievement as Ratelle was sidelined with a broken ankle and Gilbert was hampered by injuries. It was Walt Tkaczuk who played a key role in helping the Rangers defeat the Canadiens and the Black Hawks. Although the Rangers did lose to the Bruins, Tkaczuk earned his due for shutting out Phil Esposito’s scoring streak, preventing him from scoring a goal in their six-game series.
During the 1973-74 playoff season, the New York Rangers play against the Philadelphia Flyers, who were among the six expansion teams that doubled the NHL’s league size to twelve in 1967. What made this series legendary was the seventh-game fight between Dale Rolfe of the Rangers and Dave Schultz of the Flyers. This was also the same series that witnessed the New York Rangers become the first from the Original Six to lose to a 1967 expansion team.
In 1972, the New York Islanders joined the NHL after paying a territorial fee of about four million dollars. During the 1975 playoffs, the Islanders and the Rangers squared off against each other which saw the newer of these two teams emerge victorious. For years, the rivalry between these two teams grew, as did the rivalry of the fans who made it clear whose side they were on. Interestingly enough, that same year the New York Rangers signed up the iconic Phil Esposito from the Boston Bruins, along with Carol Vadnais, in a trade deal that sent Park, Ratelle, and Joe Zanussi their way.
In 1978, Anders Hedberg and Ulf Nilsson, a pair of Swedish hockey stars, also joined the ranks of the New York Rangers from the World Hockey Association. When the 1979 NHL playoffs witnessed the New York Rangers defeat the New York Islanders in order to advance to the 1979 Stanley Cup finals, this was epic in the eyes of NHL fans, especially among New Yorkers. Unfortunately, the Rangers were not able to topple the mighty Montreal Canadiens. That fourth Stanley Cup victory still managed to slip through the team’s fingers despite their best attempts.
Between the Stanley Cup drought that was plaguing the Rangers and the loss of three consecutive playoff series against the New York Islanders, the salt in their wound when the Islanders won the NHL’s top prize in 1982, 1983, and 1984 merely added to the rivalry between these two teams. The Rangers were able to make it to the playoffs each year, despite losing to the Islanders during three of them, clean into the early 1990s. In 1986, the Rangers relied on its goaltender, John Vanbriesbrouck, who played an instrumental role in defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in five games, then the Washington Capitals in six games. Unfortunately, they were not able to defeat the Montreal Canadiens and their legendary goaltender, Patrick Roy. The 1986-87 season featured Marcel Dionne joining the team after spending nearly twelve seasons with the Los Angeles Kings. In 1988, as a Ranger, Dionne moved into third place as the most amount of NHL career goals scored at that time before retiring.
Trials & Triumphs
Although the New York Rangers were able to win the President’s Trophy for the 1991-92 NHL regular season as the top team, their first-round playoff series against the Pittsburgh Penguins met with a disappointing finish. The 1992-93 season saw the Rangers riddled with injuries and a dismal regular season finish that placed the team at the bottom of the Patrick Division. Up until this point, they were in a playoff position for most of the season. When going into the 1993-94 season, the team would feature Mike Keenan as the new head coach, as well as seven all-star players from the Edmonton Oilers lineup. Signed up as team captain was Mark Messier. Accompanying the legendary left-winger was Glenn Anderson, Jeff Beukeboom, Adam Graves, Kevin Lowe, Craig MacTavish, and Esa Tikkanen.
As a team, the New York Rangers experienced the most successful season it had in over fifty years. Graves set a team record of fifty-two goals, a record that was previously set by Vic Hadfield during the 1971-72 season. Hadfield was the first Ranger to reach a fifty-goal season and was the sixth player in the NHL overall to do so. By the end of the 1993-94 season, the New York Rangers set a franchise record of fifty-two wins, twenty-four losses, and eight ties. The team won the Presidents’ Trophy and a birth in the playoffs. When the Rangers swept their rival New York Islanders, the fan response was epic. The crowd enthusiasm picked up even more after they took out the Washington Capitals during its second playoff round.
Then come the New Jersey Devils, another major rival to the New York Rangers. When the Rangers lost the first game in double overtime, the fans siding with the team from New York were biting their nails. When the Rangers bounced back with back-to-back wins, this built the excitement of a series the entire NHL fan base was watching closely. When the Devils won the next two games, some of the fans felt their hearts grow faint. However, when the sixth game was played in New Jersey and Mark Messier scored three times in the final period, it allowed the Rangers to tie up the series.
Going into double overtime, both teams were exhausted but determined. However, when Stephane Matteau managed to send the winning puck across the red line, this cinched the New York Rangers as one of the two teams that would play in the Stanley Cup final. For the team, this was a position they were not in since 1979. Their opponent, the Vancouver Canucks, was the only team left standing in their way to taking home the big prize. In this series, the Rangers lost the first game in overtime on their home turf in New York. Over the span of the next three games, the Rangers only allowed the Canucks to score a total of four goals as they dominated the Canadian team to the point where they were now just one win away to end the Stanley Cup drought. However, the Canucks bounced back, winning the next two games. This forced the series to reach a seventh game to find out which team had enough gusto left in them to be declared the 1994 Stanley Cup Champions.
The Rangers were quick to let the Canucks know they meant business when they scored two goals in the first period. The Canucks did score a goal, only for Mark Messier to again give his team a two-goal lead against their opponent. Although the Canucks did close the gap with a second goal, it was enough to take the Stanley Cup glory away from the Rangers. To say the New York fans went ballistic when this much-deserved victory was finally achieved would be an understatement. Messier, who was previously the captain of the Edmonton Oilers before coming to the New York Rangers, became the first and only player to captain two teams to win the Stanley Cup. His teammate, Brian Leetch, also became the first American-born player to win the Conn Smythe Trophy as the NHL playoff’s Most Valuable Player. Alexander Karpovtsev, Alexei Kovalev, Sergei Nemchinov, and Sergei Zubov became the first Russians to have their names engraved on the Stanley Cup.
So far, the New York Rangers have not managed to earn a fifth Stanley Cup yet. Right after coaching the New York Rangers to a first-place regular-season finish and their fourth Stanley Cup, Mike Keenan left the team after having a dispute with the team’s general manager at the time, Neil Smith. This was later followed by the 1994-95 season lockout. When the NHLers returned to the ice, the Rangers managed to defeat the Quebec Nordiques in the first round but lost to the Philadelphia Flyers in the second round. After this, Smith traded Petr Nedved and Sergei Zubov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Luc Robitaille and Ulf Samuelsson. However, this new team formula was not enough for the 1995-96 New York Rangers to get past the second round of the NHL playoffs. In 1996, Wayne Gretzky was signed over from the Los Angeles Kings. This move placed him and his former teammate from the Edmonton Oilers era, Mark Messier, together again. Together, they led the Rangers to the 1997 Eastern Conference finals but they lost to the Philadelphia Flyers. It became Messier’s final season as a player. When the 1998-99 season was over, Gretzky also retired as a player.
In the year 2000, General Manager Neil Smith and head coach John Muckler were both fired. James Dolan hired Glen Sather, also of Edmonton Oiler fame, to bring the New York Rangers back to championship material. This new management team saw the return of Mark Messier to the lineup, along with a newly recruited Theoren Fleury of Calgary Flames fame. The 2000-01 NHL season had an incredible lineup of some of NHL’s top stars that also included Eric Lindros from the Philadelphia Flyers added to the roster. This was followed by a 2001-02 lineup that featured Bobby Holik, Alexei Kovalev, Jaromir Jagr, and Martin Rucinsky.
However, all this star quality was not enough for the New York Rangers to earn a playoff berth during the seasons of 2002-03 and 2004-04. Because of this, Glenn Sather agreed to do a full rebuild of the team that saw a total of ten veteran players, including Leetch and Kovalev, in exchange for a number of prospects and draft picks. When Pavel Bure and Mark Messier retired, accompanied by Eric Lindros going to the Toronto Maple Leafs, Sather hired Tom Renney as the team’s new head coach. His first move was to steer away from pricy veterans in favor of a new breed of talent, namely Blair Betts, Dominic Moore, and Petr Prucha.
It was assumed by NHL fans the New York Rangers would struggle during the 2005-06 season. However, this team had a Swedish rookie goalie named Henrik Lundqvist that proved his weight in gold. He was instrumental in the team’s end-season finish of forty-four game wins, twenty-six game losses, and twelve ties. This was the same team that saw Jagr break the team record at 110 points during a regular season. It was previously set by Jean Ratelle in 1972. Jagr also broke the team’s record after scoring his fifty-third goal which was previously set by Adam Graves. The Rangers did reach the 1996097 Eastern Conference quarterfinals after defeating the Philadelphia Flyers, they were not able to do the same with the New Jersey Devils. Jagr fell two points shy of winning his sixth Art Ross Trophy but did win his third Pearson Award as the most outstanding player according to the players’ choice. outstanding player.
When Henrik Lundqvist tended goal for the New York Rangers, this was from 2005 until 2020. During that time, he won the Vezina Trophy in 2012 and has since become the only goaltender in NHL history to record eleven thirty-win seasons in his first twelve seasons. He currently holds the record for the most wins by a European-born goalie in the NHL. The New York media and Ranger fans dubbed this remarkable goalie “King Henrik.” While 2019-20 was his final season with the Rangers, he did practice during the 2021-22 season for the Washington Capitals before going into retirement. On January 28, 2022, the New York Rangers retired Henrik Lundqvist’s jersey number, thirty, honoring the man and his accomplishments that still remain in the hearts of NHL fans.
Despite Lundqvist’s dominance as a goaltender for the New York Rangers, the team seemed to have issues being able to score goals during his rookie season. With Messier now officially retired after the conclusion of the 2005-06 season, Jaromir Jagr was named as the team’s new captain on the opening night of the 2006-07 season. The Rangers also acquired another star player, Brendan Shanahan, to a one-year contract. For the Rangers, what started off as a slow first half of the season turned itself around, thanks to Lundqvist’s dominance as the NHL’s star goaltender. Before this season was over, the Rangers brought on board Sean Avery from the Los Angeles Kings
. Despite a team riddled with injuries, the Rangers were able to make it into the playoffs and survive the first round by defeating the Atlanta Thrashers. However, the Buffalo Sabres put an end to the team’s quest to earn a fifth Stanley Cup during the second round. Going into the 2007 season, the Rangers acquired a collection of star-quality players, namely Chris Drury, and Scott Gomez, as well as its draft pick, Alexei Cherepanov. The 2007-08 season ended with the Rangers making it into the playoffs again but once again was sent home in the second round, this time by the Pittsburgh Penguins. At the end of the season, the Rangers lost Jaromir Jager to the KHL, Brendan Shanahan to the New Jersey Devils, and Martin Straka to the Czech Republic.
On October 3, 2008, Chris Drury replaced Jagr as the team’s captain. For the opening game of the 2008-09 season, the New York Rangers were among four NHL teams that defeated the European Victoria Cup champions, Metallurg Magnitogorsk in Bern, Switzerland. The next two NHL regular-season games played in Europe were played against the Tampa Bay Lightning in Prague, Switzerland, on October 4th and 5th. The Rangers won both of these games, bringing its season start to a total of five games won without a single loss.
This tied the team’s 1983-84 record. After thirteen games that featured ten wins, two losses, and a tie, the Rangers set a franchise record for having the best start in the season. This high came to a crashing end on October 13, 2008, with the sudden death of Cherepanov while he was playing a KHL game in Russia. After this, the second half of the regular season for the Rangers was disappointing. This led to the team’s coach at the time, Tom Renney, to be fired and then replaced by John Tortorella. Although the Rangers did make it into the 2009 playoffs, they were eliminated by the Washington Capitals in what was a tight seven-game series.
After the end of the 2008-09 season, the Rangers made additional trades that saw also NHL’s superstar, Marian Gaborik, sign up with the team. When the Rangers failed to make the playoffs, it was a bitter pill for the team to swallow. Come September 12, 2011, Ryan Callahan became the next team captain for the New York Rangers. It was during the 2010-11 season that saw several players were brought in with hopes to boost the team’s ability to score goals. It was also the same season, on November 12, 2010, that witnessed the unveiling of the Rangers’ new Heritage Jersey for the first time at the Rockefeller Center’s ice rink.
Done as part of the special ceremony, this historic event featured the current roster of the Rangers at that time, as well as its alumni, to discuss the history of the team’s franchise. This new jersey was worn for the first time on November 17, 2010, when the Rangers squared off against the Boston Bruins in Madison Square Garden. In a nail-biter season that saw the Rangers squeak their way into the playoffs, the dream of a fifth Stanley Cup victory was squashed for the second time in three years by the Washington Capitals. This bitter pill was too much for the Rangers to swallow, thus sparking a rivalry between these two teams that would endure for several seasons.
Another bitter pill occurred on May 13, 2011, when the team’s forward, Derek Boogaard was found dead in his home in Minnesota. After the 2010-11 season was over, the Rangers signed Brad Richards shortly after the team bought out Chris Drury’s contract. Replacing Drury was Ryan Callahan. As it turned out, the 2011-12 season saw the Rangers come out on top in the Eastern Conference with fifty-one wins and seven ties. Going into the playoffs again, the Rangers eliminated the Ottawa Senators before meeting face to face with their rivals, the Washington Capitals.
As to be expected, this intense series was highly physical as the Rangers were determined to not let the Capitals take them out of the playoffs for the third time in just four years. It wasn’t easy, but the Rangers did defeat their nemesis to win the Eastern Conference finals. However, another rival was the next hurdle for the Rangers as the New Jersey Devils were chomping at the bit to take them out. It took six games to do it, but the Devils did send the Rangers packing.
The 2012-13 season saw the New York Rangers make a series of trades that met with Stanley Cup disappointment again when they were eliminated by the Boston Bruins after the second round of the playoffs. Still general manager at the time, Glen Sather fired head coach John Tortorella, replacing him with Alain Vigneault. This resulted in a fruitful 2013-14 season that finally had the New York Rangers compete in the Stanley Cup finals. After eliminating the Philadelphia Flyers, then the Pittsburgh Penguins, and finally the Monreal Canadiens, the Rangers had one final team to take out and that was the 2012 Stanley Cup champions, the Los Angeles Kings. Unfortunately, the team from the west coast proved to be too mighty, denying the Rangers its fifth Stanley Cup. After the season, the Rangers management team opted to regroup which saw Ryan McDonagh become the twenty-seventh team captain in the franchise’s history.
The decision to regroup the New York Rangers saw the 2014-15 season ended with the team winning its third President’s Trophy in its history as a franchise. With fifty-three wins, twenty-two losses, and seven ties, the Rangers set new franchise records. When going into the playoffs, the Rangers eliminated the Pittsburgh Penguins before having to once again face off against the Washington Capitals. This infamous rivalry saw the Rangers come out on top. With just the Tampa Bay Lightning standing in the team’s way to earning its Eastern Conference Final for the third time in four years, the Rangers hoped to overcome this hurdle. Unfortunately, this was not the case. In the team’s own backyard, the Rangers lost its seventh game and were sent home empty-handed.
Going into the 2015-16 season, additional trades were made as the team strove to regroup. On July 1, 2015, Glen Sather retired as the team’s manager and was replaced by Jeff Gorton. The shaky season still saw the Rangers earn a playoff berth but it was short-lived when the Pittsburgh Penguins defeated them in the first playoff round. The 2016-17 season also had a short-lived Stanley Cup run before it was followed by a disappointing 2017-18 season that kept the Rangers out of the playoffs for the first time in eight years. Vigneault was fired at the end of the season and was replaced by David Quinn. During the 2019-20 season, the New York Rangers found their regular season disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. When it was announced there would be a twenty-four-team playoff tournament, the Rangers faced the Carolina Hurricanes during the first round. The Hurricanes came out on top while the Rangers had to wait yet another year to try and win the Stanley Cup prize.
On May 3, 2021, Artemi Panarin had his season come to an early end when he was injured by Tom Wilson, an aggressive forward from the Washington Capitals who cross-checked Pavel Buchnevich in the head and sent him crashing into Panarin. When it was learned Wilson was fined $5,000 USD for the incident, the disappointed New York Rangers voiced themselves which resulted in a $250,000 USD fine against them. The owner of the Rangers, James Dolan, fired the team’s president, John Davidson, and the general manager, Jeff Gorton. It was stated the firings were unrelated to the comments that resulted in the team’s hefty fine. Taking the place of the two men was Chris Drury, who later fired the team’s head coach, David Quinn, after the Rangers failed to qualify for the 2021 Stanley Cup playoffs. As of June 16, 2021, Gerard Gallant has become the new head coach for the New York Rangers.
As for the New York Rangers jerseys, the classic sweater design has been in use since the very beginning. There have been a number of alterations that have taken place over the years, including the RANGERS wording. The history of the sweaters first saw the Rangers use a light blue hue before switching to a darker shade in 1929. During the team’s 1946-47 season, the RANGERS lettering sported an arch above the player’s number. At the start of the 1951-52 season, the white jerseys made their debut with the team as part of a mandate that home games required darker jerseys to be worn while away games sported lighter jerseys.
During the 1976-77 season, the team’s general manager at the time, John Ferguson Sr., used rounded numbers and a shield logo on the jerseys but this was not popular among the fans and it was dropped in favor of an updated version of the classic design by the time the 1977-78 season began. The updated versions sported a V-neck collar. From 1978 until 1987, instead of RANGERS diagonally featured on the team’s jerseys, it was NEW YORK. This was similar to the 2010 heritage alternate jerseys they wore. In 1998, however, the team went back to RANGERS.
The team did, however, sport NEW YORK during an October 7, 2001 game in Madison Square Garden when they played against the Buffalo Sabres. This modified jersey was worn in wake of the September 11 attacks. From 1996 until 2007, there was an alternative jersey that featured the head of the Statue of Liberty. This became a fan favorite, as did the heritage jerseys.
First founded as a team in 1926, the New York Rangers are closing in on becoming a centennial team. As one of the Original Six, this classic team has as rich of a history as the city it represents. As a team, it has stood the test of time and it is only a matter of time before these iconic hockey heroes win another Stanley Cup. | <urn:uuid:449ad203-ed2c-42ce-80f6-0c68adc1d9c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://classicnewyorkhistory.com/complete-history-of-the-new-york-rangers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.980413 | 7,555 | 2.296875 | 2 |
If we focus on number 313, we see that it carries 3 twice a time and number 1 only one time.
Before knowing the meaning of 313, you need first to know the meaning of numbers 1 and 3.
Number 3 represents growth, talent, creativity, etc. As number 3 appears dual times, its meaning tells that its power is doubled.
The number 1 is usually the symbol of a new beginning, progress, and unity.
What Does Angel Number 313 Mean?
After knowing the symbolism and meaning of numbers 3 and 1, it will be easy to understand the meaning of angel number 313.
This number gives positive vibes. It is associated with a positive attitude, energy, creativity, and spiritual growth.
Angel number 313 explains the meaning that staying optimistic. You have to pay attention to your inner feelings.
Always think positively, and your better life needs to believe those good things will come to you in the future very soon.
You must follow your inner wisdom and intuition.
According to Online Research:
As a sign from the spiritual masters and your guardian angels, the number 313 indicates that you should maintain a positive outlook on life by maintaining a strong connection to the angelic realm. Angels will lead you to the next step in your journey if you listen to your instincts and follow your inner guidance.
Number 313 Symbolism
The symbolic meaning of angel number 313 is always positive. It says to stay confident in yourself.
This confidence is the key to a successful life. You will feel comfortable and happy in your life.
Hence, this symbolizes quite a simple meaning.
Build such an attitude in yourself by which you can accept things the way they are. Secondly, you just have to build confidence.
Angel number 313 says that all things change time by time; that’s why do not stress yourself over anything.
What Does 313 Mean Spiritually?
Spiritually, angel number 313 means your guardian angel is always there for you to guide you and advise you.
They always make you better to stay positive. You have to focus and pay attention to your inner peace and intuition.
Your intuition will help you to make positive decisions in your life journey.
You must know that your ideas and real capabilities are your internal voice. Angel numbers will never give the wrong message or not take you the wrong way; that’s why always believe in them.
These numbers are messages from spiritual powers which will guide you on your spiritual journey. They will give you spiritual energies of positivity that will lead towards a bright future.
Angel number 313 says you to follow your inner feelings and instinct, whatever you think. They have a strong message for you.
It moreover says to believe and have faith in yourself first that good things are coming soon and will happen at their destined time.
You should use your spiritual gifts of talents and skills to get an amazing future ahead.
Only you have to wait for a while, be patient and follow the spiritual message.
313 Meaning in Islam
The number of soldiers that Muhammad(PBUH) had with him in the first battle fought by the Muslims, the Battle of Badr.
In Twelver Shia Islam, 313 is the number of soldiers or generals that will be in the army of the 12th “Imam of time” (Mahdi).
The number 31e turned up multiple times in the Syrian civil war.
Number 313 Biblical Meaning
In Bible, angel number 313 represents success. You have to move forward in life to get success.
It is proven that you can not become successful or you can not do anything until or unless you believe in moving on. That will never let you grow personally or professionally in life.
Angel number 313 signifies in the Bible that if you are going through a difficult situation in life and it is not progressing, you should just take a moment for yourself and plan out everything again.
The angels are reminding you to look towards yourself and find out what is going on and who is holding you back.
Maybe there are things you are really scared about, but it’s time you have to choose.
Keep moving in your life because you have the support of your guardian angels, who are there to help and support you.
Spiritually, 313 number means that the right time has come to make decisions and opinions in your life.
Greatness is on the other side of pain so that you will feel the pain, so you will not feel the pain you will face during your journey.
Champions can go through facing pain so that they become patient and successful people in life.
313 Numerology Meaning
Number 313 urges you to move forward with your life. You mustn’t leave your friends and family behind.
If you are going through a rough time or suffering from insecurities, angel number 31e encourages you to seem help.
By this, you will easily overcome the trouble. These insecurities will stop you or resist you from moving forward in life.
These insecurities can influence the workplace, your home, your life, or your achieving goals too.
If you see angel number 313 again and again, so it means that you need to begin seeking help.
It is a symbol that things can be better, and most importantly, you can be better.
Angel number 313 combines two numbers, 3 and 1. As you can see, the number 3 pops up twice, which symbolizes that its power is double.
When you see the number 313 so the inflatable can be felt altogether.
Whenever you see angel number 313, and you start feeling that things are changing in your life, it signifies that this number has started making its effect on your life.
Angel Number 313 in Love and Relationships
Angel number 313 is soulmate angel number. This number has some positive messages hidden behind it when it comes to love and relationship.
God is conveyor a message to you through angel number 313 that whenever you get a way to meet this number.
It’s time for you to collect all the courage and confidence and begin your fight for love. Don’t need to give up on that person whom you adore; this fight would be worth it.
Everyone knows that love is everywhere around you, but the thing is that you have to open your heart to it. Angel number 313 is very powerful in love.
Angels are urging you to fight for your love. If you are in love with someone, you should fight for that person. You should show some love to other people.
If you live, everything will be easy for you. You will easily reach your objective.
Have a look on Angel Number 0000 Meaning
Angel Number 313 Twin Flame
Angel number 313 in twin flame tells that it is the time to find your twin flame. This angel number brings your twin flame closer to you.
Angels are helping you out in finding your twin flame. Maybe your twin flame is closer to you, and you might don’t know about that.
It’s a reminder for you to forget about the past and think about your future. Let the angels help you for finding your twin flame.
Angel Number 313 Doreen Virtue
Doreen Virtue’s point of view about angel number 313 is that this number 313 is related to spirituality.
It means that God’s force is behind you at all times, whether that is easy or difficult. You are capable of facing tough challenges easily.
This number will make you feel like all the things are going in your favor. You should just have to believe in yourself and in the high powers.
Then, you will be able to get the power of the angel number 313, which has positive energies.
Angel Number 313 – Money and Finances
Angel number 313 in terms of money and finances means that you are becoming wealthier. Sooner you will find yourself in financial stability.
The reasons behind your financial stability could be different such as; you may get a promotion in your office, a new project, or may win a lottery.
You have to find out hidden talents and skills in yourself. Work harder and harder to live a well financial life.
Angel Number 313 – Career
If you are finding for your career or looking for a new job and these angel numbers pop up in front of you.
Then it’s a sign that you are coming into an era in which you will get many new opportunities. You should avail these great opportunities.
What To Do When You See Angel Number 313?
Whenever you see angel number 313, remember that guardian angels are with you at all the moments in your life.
They help us in building a strong connection between you and the Divine. This angel number is a sign that many great opportunities are waiting for you in the upcoming time.
Guardian angels through this number tell that you should use your creativity in all the work to get progress in life.
Use your intuition to achieve all the goals that you want to achieve in life. Remember that whenever you feel scared or insecure, angels are behind you for full support.
The only thing you need to do is pay attention to this angel number whenever you see it. Seeing this number will make your life progressive and worthy.
Reasons Why You Keep See 313?
The reasons that you are seeing angel number 313, again and again, are various. Let’s discuss some of the reasons for this;
The first reason you might see angel number 313 is that guardian angels tell you that you are moving in the right direction.
The goals and dreams you want to fulfill are very close to you. They say that you are making progress in life as angel number 313 is also known as a sign of progress.
Angels motivate you through this number that stays focused on your goals if you want to achieve them.
The second reason for seeing this angel number is that angels are giving you a message to work on your confidence.
Without having confidence in yourself, you will not be able to do anything. Confidence will make you able to trust in yourself.
To reach your goals, and if you want success in life, confidence is a major weapon. Overcome your greatest fears and face challenges.
That will help you in making yourself strong, brave, and confident. Give yourself quality time. Try something new and unique in life to gain confidence. Feel comfortable taking risks.
Another reason is the angels want to tell you that enter a positive attitude into your life.
You should eradicate all the negative thoughts and things in your life and enter positive thoughts and a positive approach to life.
A positive mindset will make every difficult thing easier for you. It is the right time for you to remove negativity and give place to positivity.
This number also tells us to have faith in ourselves and high powers too. Listen to your intuition. It will be easier for you to listen to your inner feelings through meditation.
So, these are the powerful reasons and positive messages of seeing this angel number 313.
What’s The Importance Of Angel Number 313 In My Life?
The major importance of angel number 313 in life is it builds a spiritual connection between a person and God.
All your prayers have been answered, and angels have arrived for your guidance and support.
Whenever you need help, guardian angels are always with you in any kind of situation.
The angels will assist you on the right life path. Pray and meditate and have a positive approach in life to lead towards a good and successful life.
Is 313 Good Luck Or Bad Luck?
Angel number 313 is all related to good luck. It has a lot of spiritual significance. Due to this number’s connection with God, it brings happiness to one’s life.
Whoever sees this number is a fortunate person. All of the signs of this number tell that the angel number 313 is a piece of good luck and blessing for a person in their professional life.
What Did You Not Know About Angel Number 313?
Angel number is not an ordinary number; it is a special number that has a connection related to spirituality and helps people in their spiritual journey.
This number is a special message from the Divine to guide a person in the right direction. A fresh start is waiting for you.
You have to forget the past and focus on your future with a positive outlook and a fresh approach.
With the influence of 313, your strengths will be doubled, and you will be able to do difficult tasks without any problem and will see your desires into reality.
Moreover, it will help you develop good relations with other people and achieve goals in their life journey.
Angel number 313 is a message sent from the Divine through guardian angels for humans in this world.
This message is sent to a person for his spiritual guidance. We should be thankful to God for assisting in spiritual matters.
Besides this, there are various things that we didn’t know about the number 313. Let’s discuss this in our article:
The angel number 313 is linked with the power of angel number 7. 3+1+3 = 7.
The number 313 is used as a telephone area code in Detroit city, United States of America.
Snot, an American rock band, has a song named 313.
The number 313 is used on the number plate of Donald Duck’s car.
313 is a prime number as well.
So, these were the interesting facts about the number 313.
We have discussed angel number 313 in this article. Angel numbers are special messages sent by God to guide people toward the right path.
There is nothing wrong if you are seeing this number again and again. They are thought of as a special gift or a positive sign from God.
Angel numbers are all about positive means and have a positive signs. Angel numbers are also known as Divine messages or spiritual messages.
The Divine sends these numbers for a person’s spiritual upliftment. It’s a motivation for people to stay focused on their goals even in the difficult period to live a successful life ahead.
Follow their spiritual path with confidence. Angels will help you in all the difficulties, tough times, and hurdles of life.
You just have a sense of faith and belief in your natural abilities. Don’t be afraid. Face all the tough challenges in life that will help you in your personal growth.
With God’s help, you can be able to do anything in life. We hope that you have found our article helpful and that all the doubts about angel number 313 have vanished.
Have a look on Angel Number 21 Meaning | <urn:uuid:273ef379-ccbe-4165-8d90-a26ec211483e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vixxenn.com/angel-number-313-meaning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.940218 | 3,021 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Occupational Health & Environmental Controls
This course is designed for people working in the construction industry who are exposed to health hazards and chemicals during the course of their work.
Topics include definitions, hazard communication standard, asbestos standards, MDA, lead, worker protection programs, process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals, and cadmium.
This course focuses on the topics covered in OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart D.
COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- What is OSHA hazard communication standard?
- What are the benefits of Hazard communication standard?
- What is the asbestos standard for construction?
- What is the permissible exposure limit?
- How to perform exposure monitoring.
- What Are Hazardous Substances?
- Exposure to Hazardous Substances
- Container Labeling
- Material Safety Data Sheet – MSDS
- MDA - Methylenedianiline
Please see the state/regulatory requirement from the course catalog page to see if this class meets your regulatory requirements. This course has been approved for 1 hour.
This course includes individual quizzes, which must be passed with a 100% score to proceed forward to the next lesson. Additionally, the final exam must be passed with a minimum of 70% to pass the course. The final exam can be taken three times, if necessary. | <urn:uuid:2ac0ac84-801b-4ed0-8646-89f7ca00a2e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.sequencestaffing.com/content/view/140/352/1/38/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.896153 | 297 | 2.890625 | 3 |
- Fibers of jute may be extracted not only from the stalk’s inner stem but also from the stalk’s outer skin.
- Retting is the procedure that is used to remove the non-fibrous material from the stem and skin of the jute stalk.
- This material may then be utilized for other purposes.
The retting process works to soften the stalks, making it feasible to manually separate the fibrous material from the material that cannot be used.
The stalks of the jute plant are used to harvest the fiber that is used in retting. After the jute plants have been harvested, the stalks are wrapped up together and submerged in water for around twenty days. After that, the fibers are cut away from the stem in long strands and rinsed in water that is both clear and moving.
What is jute fiber made of?
The primary components of jute fibers are cellulose and lignin, both of which are derived from plants. Along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax (linen), ramie, and other similar plants, it is classified as a bast fiber, which refers to fiber that is harvested from the bast or skin of the plant.
How do you separate the fibers from jute?
Retting, or the process of separating the fibers from the jute stems by soaking them in water The jute plant’s stem and ribbon, which is the plant’s outer skin, are the sources of jute fiber. The retting process is the initial step in the fiber extraction process. The method of retting involves gathering the stems of jute into bundles and then submerging them in water that is moving slowly.
How is jute obtained from the jute plant?
- Describe the process that is used to extract jute from the jute plant.
- In most cases, the jute plant is harvested when it is in the blooming stage.
- After harvesting plants, their stems are wrapped together and then submerged in water for ten to fifteen days.
The process is known as rotting, and the fibers are removed by hand once the stems have decomposed.These fibers are spun into yarn, which is then used in the production of textiles.
What is jute and why use jute?
- The plant or the fiber that is utilized in the production of burlap, Hessian, and gunny cloth are together referred to as ″jute.″ Why should we use Jute?
- Jute is one of the most inexpensive natural fibers and is only second to cotton in terms of the volume produced and the range of uses of vegetable fibers.
- Jute is also one of the strongest natural fibers.
The primary components of jute fibers are cellulose and lignin, both of which are derived from plants.
How is jute plant made?
- Jute is mostly derived from the bark of the white jute plant, also known as Corchorus capsularis, although tossa jute contributes to its production as well (C.
- It is a natural fiber that has a silky luster and a golden color, which is why it is known as the Golden Fibre.
Jute is a crop that is grown on an annual basis and has a growth cycle of around 120 days (April/May-July/August).
How do you make jute from jute?
- The stem of the jute plant is collected
- A period of many days is spent with the stems soaked in water. (the stem rots away, but the fibers are left behind)
- Following this step, the stems are removed, and a technique known as stripping is used to separate the jute fibres from their respective stems. (carried out by hand)
- After that, they are transformed into yarns, which are then used in the production of garments
How do you separate jute from plants?
The solution that you are looking for is Retting. Retting is the name given to the procedure by which the fibers of jute are extracted from the stem of the plant. After that, the fibrous materials and the non-fibrous matter may be manually divided into two groups.
What is the name of jute plant?
The tropical plant Corchorus capsularis, from which jute fiber is harvested, is more well known by its common name, jute. Along with cotton, these are the two natural fibers that are utilized over the globe the most often. Jute is also the name of the textile fibers that may be derived from a plant called Corchorus olitorius, which is quite similar.
What is jute plant used for?
- The most common application for jute fiber is in the production of textiles that are used for the packaging of various agricultural and industrial products that come in the form of bags, sacks, packs, and wrappings.
- Because of its relatively low price, jute is frequently employed in applications that demand dense, durable textiles and twines that are resistant to stretching.
- Burlap is produced from jute.
How fibres are obtained from jute Class 6?
The stem of the jute plant is used to harvest the fiber that is used to make jute. Jute fibers are naturally held together by a material that can be described as sticky or gummy. In order to extract the fibers, it is necessary to first remove this sticky material. Through a process known as retting, the fiber of the jute plant is removed from the stem of the plant.
How do you get fiber from plants?
- Extraction of fiber can be done in a number of ways, the most common of which are mechanical extraction, chemical extraction, and the retting process.
- After removing the fibers from the plant using any one of these procedures, the leaves are rinsed away and then the plant is allowed to dry.
- Because the moisture content of the fiber influences the quality of the fiber, proper drying is very important.
Where is jute made?
Jute is a type of long, lustrous vegetable fiber that is typically cultivated in tropical areas like India and Bangladesh. This fibre may be spun into coarse threads that are very resilient.
How retting and extraction of fibres is done in jute?
The steeping process begins as soon as the harvest is complete. The process of retting involves taking knotted bundles of jute stalks to a tank, where the fibers are loosened up and removed from the woody stalk. This is done in order to produce jute yarn. The bundles are submerged in water that has a depth of at least 60 to 100 centimeters.
What is jute fabric made of?
- Jute is the plant from which the cloth is woven.
- The fibers have a coarse and textured appearance, and they are exceptionally long-lasting.
- Jute is frequently utilized in the production of a wide variety of goods, including but not limited to ropes, rugs, carpets, and yarns.
Jute is regarded as one of the most environmentally friendly materials due to the fact that it is simple to cultivate.
Why jute is called Golden fibre?
The fiber known as jute is often called the ″golden fiber.″ The name comes from the lustrous brown color that it possesses. It is the natural fiber that is the least expensive to produce and is fully biodegradable. It is composed of lignin and cellulose, both of which are derived from plants.
What type of fiber is jute?
Plants belonging to the genus Corchorus and family Malvaceae are used in the production of jute fiber. Jute is a kind of lignocellulosic fiber that is partly used in the textile industry and partly used for making paper. The bast fiber category is where you’ll find it (fiber collected from bast or skin of the plant). | <urn:uuid:7f4b03c9-14fd-4aef-9b1e-1fe4066227b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nepad-abne.net/plant/how-is-jute-fibre-made-from-the-jute-plant.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.962353 | 1,677 | 3.359375 | 3 |
A MAJOR supermarket has stopped selling disposable BBQs in ALL of its UK stores.
Marks & Spencer will no longer sell the popular summer item as it wants to help "reduce the risk of fires", according to Sky News.
This summer has seen temperatures rocket and a lack of rainfall, creating very dry conditions that can be a fire risk.
M&S has reportedly tweeted: "We'd already stopped selling disposable barbecues near national parks and in London but given the unusually hot and dry conditions, we've taken the precautionary step of removing them from sale across the UK."
A record heatwave swept across the country in July, which saw a spike in emergency calls reporting fires.
The London Fire Brigade alone received more than 2,600 calls — over eight times higher than usual – on the hottest day on record.
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While outside of the capital, wildfires spread across other parts of the country – such as Kent.
It led calls from firefighters for a ban on disposable BBQs after a rise in fires sparked by the item.
Speaking at the time of the mega heatwave, London's fire commissioner Andy Roe said: "London Fire Brigade has been issuing warnings and safety advice to Londoners throughout the summer, but people are continuing to behave carelessly and recklessly.
“I am now calling for a temporary ban on the use of barbecues in all public parks and open spaces and I’m asking for your help to keep people safe."
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But the London Fire Brigade told Sky News that the move by M&S was "good news".
As the hot weather continues, households will also face a hosepipe ban to prevent a shortage in water supply.
Millions of households have been slapped with a ban – and flouting the restrictions could see you landed with a £1,000 fine.
Southern Water last week announced a ban affecting nearly a million of its customers in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight which takes effect on Friday.
Other suppliers, such as Thames Water and Walsh Water have also warned they may follow suit as they urged their combined 17million customers to cut back on usage.
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We round up the cheapest BBQs on sale.
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:a0a01585-32d1-46c3-8504-2330da3d8d5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thesatorireport.com/lifestyle/major-supermarket-stops-selling-popular-summer-item-at-all-stores-the-sun/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953277 | 628 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Single mothers are largely considered to be “average performers” since their “commitment” to rigorous daily office work could be compromised, while caring for the baby. They may not be available for multi-geography meetings till the wee hours of the night. They may not be able to focus on complex problems, with the toddler around. Precisely, their availability and perseverance, which the organization expects, could get substantially diluted, with her focus getting constantly divided. Especially in high-pressure long-hour jobs that demand her undivided attention.
Tirelessly juggling between work and house, it is commendable how single mothers set an example. We all know the systemic work-related discrimination faced by women in the workspace. The scenario is the worst for single mothers. Single mothers are either divorced or widowed. Instead of judging them based on their talent and potential, they are often judged based on their relationships and marital status. There are multiple cases where women say that they were not offered any increment or promotion despite putting immense effort.
Customer Pay for Staff/ Employees: Irrespective of Gender & Marital/ Parental Status
Customers pay top dollars for a premium service and expect it to be done diligently. Irrespective of the internal staffing model or choice of employees; their gender & marital/ parental status. And organizations, in the midst of suffocating competition, are always striving to impress customers. For the growth of business and revenue stream. Simple !!
So, the company could be compassionate towards a single mother, but to what extent? How long?
- Is it okay to regularly miss critical customer discussions scheduled at 9 PM, with team members located at very different time zones and geographies?
- Is it okay to always ask for easier work items, while others in the team are assigned brain-wracking complex deliverables?
- Is it okay to expect equal considerations in promotions and appraisals, while your contribution to the project was anything extraordinary?
- How long can the organization extend “special considerations” while you deal with your personal problems and responsibilities?
In reality, for most single mothers, it gets difficult to take adequate care of the baby, without essentially compromising on the professional front. Especially during the formative stages of the child. On the contrary, what about single mothers who are super-stars at the workplace too? Are they victims of “generalized” stereo-typed discrimination too?
Discrimination? An Everyday Affair at the Workplace.
- Women are often demoted or terminated when they become pregnant, mostly because they would be undergoing a planned maternity leave. It is assumed that their priorities toward office work would change, soon after the child’s birth.
- After the maternity leave gets over, single mothers are yet another employee, who needs to abide by the organizational work policies laid out for all employees. And most organizations don’t have a well-defined tailor-made flexible work schedule for single mothers.
- Women with children are not promoted simply because they have children. No matter how much hard work they put into their work, it gets underappreciated as it is the general understanding that they always prioritize their duties as a mother.
- Workplaces commonly lie about their performance in order to terminate them.
- Single mothers are hardly given any position of responsibility even when they are the perfect candidate. They are judged based on their marital or relationship status rather than their potential and talent.
Divorced. Single Mother? Unfit for Higher Roles and Management Positions?
In South Asian culture, divorce is still taboo for the entire society. Though South Asian society has opened up a little for women to go out and work, divorced and widowed women are treated differently, every day of their lives. When we talk about the villages and suburbs, women were always restricted from going out. In these spaces, common jobs for women would include agriculture, labor, sewing, small shops, small business, and more. Here, it is even more rigid towards single women in general. The worst-case scenario is for mothers of wedlock.
In America, women are paid 30% less than men which means that the entire financial responsibility of bringing up children is on them. Under this situation, women are not even provided increment, which causes them to change jobs frequently in search of a better livelihood, which doesn’t really create a very good impression on their CVs.
Workplaces should really open up and changed their general approach toward single mothers. A woman needs to be extremely contagious to bring up children alone. When she is trying to do that without seeking help, absolutely on her own, workspaces should respect that and be more open, and treat her on her skills and talent, rather than her personal setting. A woman is an employee, with or without children, and she should be treated based on her talent, skills, and performance and not on her personal setting which she has probably no control upon. | <urn:uuid:257eb50b-335c-445a-a460-69b1d42cddda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordskraft.com/archives/4072 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971717 | 1,022 | 1.640625 | 2 |
SPACIOUSNESS AND MINIMALISM
Spaciousness and simplicity still rule over bathrooms, which are given more space while the furnishing is markedly minimalistic. Designers combine creative idea with the newest breakthroughs of science, looking for new shapes and functions and more comfort for the end consumer. Their works are characterized by an insight for the needs of the clients and contemporary culture. They are created with a thought for nature, as well as a hint at fashion trends, and despite their simple shapes, they are the fruit of cutting edge technology.
The green line in bathroom design manifests itself both as a concern for nature and for our own bod/. The whole of the furnishing is energy-saving, ‘he faucets and toilet tanks save wafer, systems for water treatment and re-using of water are’added, in this way saving up to 50% of this valuable resource. Apart from design, ecological thinking is also brought into manufacture, in which serious steps towards durability are made.
Along with the thrifty attitude towards natural resources, designers create a sense of luxury. This personal corner for relaxation and therapy through water is an important feature of the bathroom. This is the safest way to escape from the stress of everyday life. SPA systems pamper the senses, rejuvenate and soothe the body. New technology, which finds more and more place in the bathroom, also sees to this. Luxury panels for hydro massage offer futuristic experiences under the shower. Sensor and remote controls are more widely used. Apart from a place for relaxation, the bathroom is establishing itself as a place for having fur: equipped with a TV set, an audio system and even a system for home video.
In this way different trends, themes and approaches are in symbiosis in order to create a unique atmosphere in the bathroom. | <urn:uuid:f714bf0a-2d8a-42b2-9ef2-def90f032889> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://founterior.com/minimalist-bathroom-design-ideas-simplicity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954438 | 374 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The video technology namely the dynamic image transmission, in the telecommunication field is called the video service or the video service, in the computer field is often called the multimedia communication, streaming media (download like water) communication and so on. Video communication technology is the main technology to realize and complete video service.
"Video technology" describes the basic concepts and key technologies in video technology. In addition to reviewing the background and history of video technology, this paper focuses on the basic principles and methods of video coding and communication, and discusses related standards, application systems, and future research directions.
The book is divided into eight parts: introduction, early video technology, analog video signals, digital video signals, video coding, video coding standards, video applications, and the outlook for the future. Video technology can be used as an introductory textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of information science and technology, as well as a reference for those engaged in scientific research and technology development in this field.
Preface to the USTC Alumni's Series
2 Early Days of Video Technology
3 Analog Video
4 Digitized Video
5 Video Coding
6 Video Coding Standards
8 Look into Future
The most important function of a university is to supply talented people to society. The importance and contribution of a university to a country, a nation and even the world are largely reflected by the achievements its graduates have made in various fields of society.
The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), which was founded only 50 years ago, has rapidly become one of the most famous universities in the world, mainly because it has trained a large number of outstanding graduates with both political integrity and talent. With lofty aspirations, solid foundation, high comprehensive quality and strong innovation ability, they have made outstanding contributions to science and technology, economy, education and other fields at home and abroad, and have earned USTC the reputation of "Cradle of Science and Technology Talents".
In September 2008, general secretary hu jintao for ustc its 50th anniversary congratulation letters, the letter say: half a century, relying on the Chinese Academy of Sciences, university of science and technology of China in accordance with the floor operations, the principle of combining the, promote HongZhuan in hand, blend of school spirit, efforts to promote the reform of teaching and scientific research innovation, for the party and the country has trained a large number of scientific and technological personnel, with a series of original scientific and technological achievements in the world's advanced level, in order to promote our country science and education development and made important contributions to the socialist modernization construction.
According to statistics, out of the 50,000 graduates from USTC so far, 42 of them have been elected academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, making USTC one of the universities with the largest number of graduates elected academicians in the same period (since 1963). Among them, there are one academician and one academician for every 1,000 people who graduate with a bachelor's degree. More than 700 students have master's and doctor's degrees, ranking first among universities in China. In addition, many young and middle-aged talents have become the leaders and backbone of China's science and technology, enterprises, education and other fields. Among the winners of the "May 4th Medal for Chinese Youth", as representatives of young talents in science and technology and innovative enterprises, HKUST graduates have been on the list for many years in a row, with the total number of winners ranking among the top universities in China. What is little-known is that thousands of outstanding graduates have stepped on the national defense front and made important contributions to strengthening the military in science and technology. More than 20 science and technology generals and a large number of national defense science and technology stalwarts have emerged. | <urn:uuid:ba7748d9-7946-468f-b48b-aedf9383bc2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techintroduce.com/technology/video-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.937062 | 803 | 2.765625 | 3 |
The Complete Brothers Grimm's Fairy Tales
Sprache - Englisch
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Über das eBook
Jacob Grimm (1785-1863) and his brother Wilhelm (1786-1859) were philologists and folklorists. The brothers rediscovered a host of fairy tales, telling of princes and princesses in their castles, witches in their towers and forests, of giants and dwarfs, of fabulous animals and dark deeds. Together with the well-known tales of "Rapunzel", "The Goose-Girl", "Sleeping Beauty", "Hansel and Gretel" and "Snow White" there are the darker tales such as "Death's Messengers" which deserve to be better known, and which will appeal not only to all who are interested in the history of folklore, but also to all those who simply love good storytelling. The two brothers wished to preserve their German folklore in a collection of tales that they believed had been handed down for generations. When they began in 1812 they had just 86 stories that rather harshly reflected the difficult life of European peasantry. Subsequent editions would grow to hold over 200 tales. As time passed, the Brothers Grimm found that their collection of fairy tales, with all of its royalty, magical creatures, and brave adventures, entranced those who read them. This compilation of fairy tales which includes the complete canon of over 200 tales has become a beloved set of classical stories the world over.
Genre: Sprache - Englisch
Umfang: 880 Seiten
Größe: 1,3 MB
Veröffentlichung: 25. Mai 2022 | <urn:uuid:ab76c972-1853-4add-8609-49add8704867> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.readfy.com/de/ebooks/503863-the-complete-brothers-grimms-fairy-tales/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.898955 | 380 | 3 | 3 |
Climate Change Is The Greatest Threat To Human Health In History
In early October the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s definitive scientific body on the topic, published, ’Global Warming of 1.5C.’ Over 90 scientists from 40 countries reviewing 6,000 studies prepared the IPCC report in response to a 2015 Paris climate accord request. Its purpose was to discriminate between the aftereffects of global warming at 1.5°C (2.7°F) versus 2.0°C (3.6°F). The Paris accord called for holding warming below 2.0°C while pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. For example, should temperatures increase to 1.5°C, the report found of 105,000 species studied, four percent of vertebrates, six percent of insects and eight percent of plants would lose half of their climatically-determined geographic range. At 2°C the percents double to triple. At 1.5°C we will lose 70 to 90 percent of coral reefs, at 2°C there will likely to be a 99 percent loss.
The IPCC report is just one of the latest in an increasing number of publications by leading national and international science bodies that conclude all life on this planet is under existential threat. What does the IPCC report plus the subsequently published 4th National Climate Assessment and Lancet’s ’Countdown on Health and Climate Change,’ the 2017 ’Climate Science Special Report’ (CCSR), plus the 2016 Obama Administration report titled ’The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States; A Scientific Assessment,’ conclude relative to the effects of global warming on human health?
Per most of these reports, the earth has warmed by 1°C since the pre-industrial era and two-thirds of this rise has occurred since 1986. The twenty warmest years on record have occurred over the past 22 years. Because air temperatures are significantly determined by ocean temperatures, they have warmed considerably over the past few years. In 2017 they were shockingly warm. They exceeded 2015, the second warmest ocean temperature year, by 1.51 x 10^22 Joules, or the amount of electrical energy China produces annually. Among other calamitous results of ocean warming is acidification – particularly problematic for phytoplankton that produces half the oxygen we breath.
As for global warming’s cause, or the nearly linear relationship between greenhouse gas emissions ad atmospheric warming, over 42 billion tons of greenhouse pollution are dumped worldwide into the atmosphere every year plus the amount is again increasing. Per the Global Carbon Project carbon emissions are expected to increase by 2.7 percent for 2018 due in part to five consecutive years of rising oil consumption. The US is historically the largest emitter of greenhouse gas pollution and currently ranks second behind China in annual emissions. Carbon dioxide, now measured at over 400 parts per million (ppm), a 65 percent increase over pre-industrial levels, last occurred three million years ago. Concerning the discharge rate, last year’s CCSR report concluded, ’there is no climate analog for this century any time in at least the last 50 million years.’
Absent significant changes in political will worldwide, the EPA admitted in a recent environmental impact statement that atmospheric carbon concentrations will rise to nearly 800 ppm by the end of this century. This would be due in part to President Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris accord and decisions by the administration to relax restrictions on auto tailpipe emissions that account for approximately 20 percent of US greenhouse pollution, rules limiting coal fired power plants CO2 emissions that account for nearly 30 percent, and regulations requiring drilling companies to restrict venting or flaring methane, a far more potent greenhouse gas than CO2, and monitoring and repairing methane leaks. Atmospheric concentrations of methane are currently the highest on record.
While health has always been effected by climate and weather, it is the change in climate and climate variability, particularly changes in weather extremes, that is a significant threat to human health. Again, absent dramatic and near term changes in political will, temperatures are expected to increase by 4°C by the end of this century. What do increasing temperatures mean for human health? (Readers should note that unless otherwise indicated statistics cited below come from the Obama Administration’s 2016 report.)
Warmer air holds more water and greater or rising temperatures cause higher surface evaporation that in turn increases the number and severity of rain events, now termed rain bombs, resulting storm surge plus the intensity, frequency and duration of hurricanes. For example, the devastation caused by last year’s Hurricane Harvey was in part the result of Gulf surface temperatures for the first time on record never falling below 23°C. Hurricane Maria, the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, accounted for nearly 3,000 deaths across decimated Puerto Rico. Harvey, Irma and Maria combined caused over $300 billion in damages. In 2010’s Hurricane Michael, with sustained 155 mph winds, was one of the four most intense hurricanes to hit the mainland since records began in 1851. Michael made landfall along the Florida panhandle, where it reached nearly 20 feet in storm surge and remarkably remained a category three storm as far inland as Macon, Georgia. Recent research published in the journal Nature concluded global warming will cause hurricanes to become even more deadly by intensifying rainfall by as much as 10 percent and wind speeds by 25 mph.
Beyond the increasing severity of hurricane events, global warming means the current rate of rise in Global Mean Sea Level is greater than any time in at least 2,800 years. As for rising sea levels from ice melt, should Greenland ice sheets thaw in their entirety they would add 20 feet to the height of global seas. The thaw of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, that is presently vanishing faster than any previously recorded time, would add another 10 feet. At 20 feet, most of Florida and a third of New York City would be under water. Keep in mind 145 million people worldwide live three feet or less above sea level and 10 percent of the world’s population or nearly 800 million live less than 30 feet from present sea levels. Eleven of the 16 megacities, those with more than 15 million people, are built on coasts, for example, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Manila, Mumbai, Osaka, Shanghai and Tokyo.
Rising seas or flooding compromises drinking water, human waste water treatment and storm water disposal that, in turn, results in increased risk of waterborne diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa. Between 1948 and 1994, 68 percent of waterborne disease outbreaks in the US were preceded by extreme precipitation events. Waterborne diseases may actually be underestimated by as much as 43-fold and by up to 143 times for Vibrio species, for example, Vibrio cholerae Severe storm events also means increased food contamination via increases in the transport of pathoge such as salmonella and noroviruses. Global warming is therefore influencing the fate, transport, transmission, viability and multiplication rate of pathogens in the food chain. Cases of Legionnaires’ disease, spread by contaminated aerosolized water have not surprisingly increased by nearly 200 perce between 2000 and 2009.
Drought And Fires
Heat, stagnant heat, and drought increase the prevalence, intensity and duration of wild fires particularly in the US West. The Southwest has experienced the most persistent droughts since record keeping began in 1895. These are expected to intensify. The recent California wildfires, the deadliest by far in the state’s history, are in part a result of the state experiencing five consecutive years of unprecedented heat, 2018 rainfall at 20 percent of the historical norm plus the worst drought in a millennium. The amount of carbon these fires can emit can be massive, further exacerbating overall trends in climate change. The forest and peat fires in Indonesia during 1997 were estimateto release upwards of 40 percent of total annual carbon emissions globally.
Such fires also have a lasting impact on air quality with serious health consequences. By 2050 it is anticipated western US wildfires will result in a 40 percent escalation in organic carbon and a 20 percent escalation in elemental carbon aerosol concentrations. When soil dust becomes airborne conditions such as asthma, acute bronchitis and pneumonia frequently result. Heat, drought and wild fires also contribute to worsening ground-level ozone pollution, particle pollution and increasing levels of aeroallergens such as pollen. Combined, these are responsible for tens of thousands of acute care episodes. Research shows that future ozone-related human health impacts are projected to lead to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths, hospital admissions and causes of acute respiratory illnesses including increases in asthma episodes in children due in part to a longer ragweed pollen season. In 2013, the year of China’s ’airpocalypse,’ researchers found that, in the 74 leading Chinese cities, air pollution was associated with an estimated one-third of deaths.
Higher temperatures cause heat exhaustion, heatstroke, hyperthermia and dehydration that in extreme cases can lead to death. What is more, they can worsen pre-existing conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular, respiratory, cerebrovascular, kidney and diabetes-related conditions. For example, the 2003 European heat wave was responsible for upwards of 70,000 premature deaths. Calculating morbidity and mortality due to, or due in part to, extreme heat is difficult since medical records seldom capture related data. Nevertheless, researchers project future warming, absent any adaptation, will result in an increase of 2,000 to 10,000 deaths annually in each of 209 US cities. Among other effects, warmer winter and spring temperatures means the earlier annual onset of Lyme disease cases that now number 35,000 annually in over 14 eastern states. Higher temperatures also affect what are termed vector-borne diseases carried by, for example, mosquitoes, fleas, ticks and rodents. Warmer temperatures, for example, speed up the reproductive cycle of cold blooded mosquitoes. Cases of mosquito-borne Dengue fever, once unknown in the US, have doubled every decade since 1990. Currently there are 14 vector-borne diseases, including West Nile Virus, that are a national public health concern.
Cascade Of Consequences
The climate penalty is also the cause of a long list of mental and behavioral health conditions ranging from anxiety, depression and alcohol and substance abuse to post-traumatic stress and suicide. For example, following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, veterans with preexisting mental illness had nearly a seven times greater risk for developing an additional mental illness. Suicide attempts after Katrina among women surviving in temporary housing increased 15 times compared to regional averages, and incidences of violent crime including homicide and violence against women increased substantially.
As long as the worldwide economy is defined largely as fossilized capitalism, mass extinctions or the loss of phylogenetic diversity will continue. Among other things, we will also continue to see substantial worldwide fishery losses while the collapse of insect populations. The loss of insect populations will contribute to a profound negative effect on food production. For example, 30 countries are currently experiencing negative crop yields and there is a one in twenty likelihood heat, climate change will cause the failure of corn production in China while the US. Production aside, it is worth noting higher concentrations of CO2 in the air stimulate carbohydrate production, starch and sugars, and growth in a number of widely consumed crops including barley, potatoes, rice and wheat. It also lowers the level of plant protein by as much as 15 percent. Increased atmospheric CO2 also depletes calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc and other minerals in most plants by upwards of 10 percent because higher CO2 concentrations reduces plant demand for water resulting in fewer nutrients being drawn into plant roots. This is turn, could also contribute to greater rates of obesity.
Finally, there are any number of additional or cascading climate change-related health consequences that disproportionally affect pregnant women, children, the elderly and disabled, https://shmoop.pro minorities plus the poor. Vulnerability is a function of sensitivity to change and adaptive capacity to adjust or cope. The elderly are particularly vulnerable because they are frequently immuno-compromised, are prescribed certain medications that limit thermo-regulation or block nerve impulses and a significant percent are cognitively impaired and/or socially isolated. It is not surprising to learn half of Katrina deaths were among people over 75 and African American mortality was two to four times higher than for whites. Keep in mind that from 2015 to 2050 the US population age 65 and older will nearly double from 48 to 88 million.
Studies show the current reality is for CO2 emissions to continue climb through 2040. This is due largely to China, Russia and Canada’s current energy policies that, if unchanged, will drive global warming above 5°C before the end of this century. At 4°C, for example, 44 percent of vertebrates lose half their geographic range, plants and insects over two-thirds, global grain yields fall dramatically, the world’s economy contracts by 30 percent and excess hyperthemia deaths in the US increase by over 700 percent.
As dire as anthropocene warming projections are, they have yet to fully account for feedback loops, or the fact warming temperatures become the cause of new sources of greenhouse gas emissions. After a certain point, one that may be less than two decades away, we will have irreversibly tipped toward self-perpetuating or runaway global warming or what a recent and widely discussed Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences essay termed ”Hothouse Earth.’ For example, a decline in the Albedo effect, where less and less sunlight is reflected by the diminishing ice cover causes still more absorption of solar radiation or higher surface temperatures and a wide range of subsequent threats: warming sea beds and melting permafrost allows trapped methane, an extremely potent greenhouse gas, to escape into the atmosphere; increased rainfalls reduce soil absorption of greenhouse gasses; and reductions in Greenland ice can alter Gulf Stream ocean currents that in turn accelerates ice melt in the southern hemisphere.
The October IPCC report concluded that if the current rate of greenhouse gas emissions continue, temperatures will rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2040. In order to avoid, this the IPCC found greenhouse pollution must be reduced by 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030 and completely, that is, by 100 percent, by 2050. Coal use, currently accounting for 40 percent of electrical production, would have to drop to nearly one percent. Renewable energy sources, currently supplying 20 percent of electrical production, would have to more than triple. The effort required to transform the world’s economy, the report stated, would be so great ’there is no documented historical precedent.’
US efforts to avoid what the world’s leading climate scientists increasingly describe as total dystopia remain anemic. Beyond the damage done by the president’s efforts, recent state efforts to limit greenhouse pollution via increased dependence on renewables, a ban on new drilling and a carbon tax failed respectively, in Arizona, a California county and in Washington largely due to the fossil fuel industry spending over $60 million in opposition. As for the Congress, it has not legitimately attempted to address global warming for a decade. While the incoming Democratic House majority has at least bulleted the issue, the caucus may be more interested in interrogating Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke about his relationship with Halliburton and investigating ExxonMobil for allegedly deceiving the public about the harms of fossilized capitalism analytical essay on climate change.
Federal health care regulators have not been interested of moving beyond updating CMS’ ’extreme and uncontrollable circumstances’ policy to require in-patient providers to demonstrate they are moving toward becoming carbon neutral as a condition of Medicare participation. The health care industry, the second largest greenhouse gas polluter after the food industry accounting for nearly 10 percent of greenhouse pollution and supposedly dedicated to preventing and treating disease conditions caused or exacerbated by global warming, remains largely indifferent. For example, according to Lancet’s 2018 ”Countdown” report, cited above, in 2017 the global value of funds committed to fossil fuel divestment equaled $428 billion. Of this amount the health care sector was responsible for a paltry 0.76 percent, or $3.28 billion.
We have been robbing the planet. It’s only a question of how harsh or definitive the penalty will be. Nature bats last.
Climate Change Persuasive Essay
Climate Change and its Death affect on Us Mother Nature’s strongest weakness, Climate Change. Slowly taking her down yet she tries to fight back. The only thing she can rely on to simply help her, is us. Yet we are doing everything on the contrary. Destroying the trees, adding more chemicals to the greenhouse gases. Burning fossil fuels, and every other little thing. Consuming her, little by little. ’So,’ you may say, ’What are we going to do?’ ’ Well, first, one has to know what climate change really is. What it does, and what it is affecting, let alone who.’
Climate Change, also known as Global Warming, is the observation of the Earth’s temperature rising. It has taken a huge toll on us and our environment, yet the more we tend to pollute the Earth, the worse the Earth gets. In 1896, Swedish scientist, Svante Arrhenius, made a scientific theory, according to the Scientific American website. He said that, the more we burn fossil fuels (like coals), the more carbon dioxide was released into the atmosphere, thus creating the ’Greenhouse effect’. About 120 years later, Arrhenius was right. Climate change has not only increased the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but it has taken many lives of animals, their habitats, and us. The ones who are not only making it worse, are also the ones who are, and so are going to, experience the most danger. Lives are being taken away, plus the continuation of Climate Change is limiting our lives.
Climate change has affected millions of animals, insects, rodents, humans, and so much more. It has affected all things that are living, in a negative way. It is primarily affecting the animals that live in the North and South Pole. For example, the Polar Bears, their own grounds, are disappearing and melting away. Yet many more bears are still being affected. Climate change, hasn’t only impacted us in a negative way, but it has also impacted us in a positive way, too. Between the years 2016 and 2017, there has been an 8% escalation in the United States population who are concerned about Climate Change. They have been informed more about climate change, its affects and what is going around in our society. Yes, climate change is a negative thing, but the most important thing, is informing people about climate change and what it is. In the Scientific American website, G. S. Callendar, was the only person who believed in the aftereffects of the Greenhouse gases. If it weren’t for him, and his persistent belief in what he believed about the greenhouse gases, a lot of scientific discoveries in climate change would not have had occured. Thus the more reason why we should be persistent in sharing the news of what it going on in our world plus the aftereffects of climate change. Yes, we have a president who does not scientifically believe in the effects of climate change, if we due to the fact people, stick to what is which can us, we can persuade the community, then the government and pretty soon we can show that Climate Change is real to the non-believers. Yet, without the support of each other, damages are still being made to our environments. ’
As of 2014, coral, polar bears, and frogs are the species that have been hit the hardest when it comes to climate change.’ Says National Geographic, Christine Dell’Amore. For this reason dramatic change, many animals have had to adapt to their new environment for this reason change. Take birds, for example, they migrate when their home gets to cold. They move somewhere warmer, but since spring is arriving earlier, they are needing to migrate more and more often. Yet this is just one animal. Frogs are amphibians, which means that because they are cold-blooded, they are needing to attract to the heat. Though when they need to lay eggs, they need the water, to lay their eggs, cool. With Earth’s temperature rising, it is getting harder for them to reproduce since it is also affecting the water temperature. Frogs’ habitats are also getting drier and more hard to find, and still, more animals are continuing to be affected and in an extremely drastic way. Animals homes are being destroyed, and we let it happen, but we aren’t just destroying their homes, we are also destroying ours.
Climate change is so easily affected and the more we pollute, the worse it gets. The trashing in the ocean, the continuing burn of fossil fuels, the littering anywhere and everywhere, it all helps contribute to worsening climate change. ’Scientists agree that today’s warming is primarily caused by humans putting too much carbon in the atmosphere, like when we choose to extract and burn coal, oil, and gas, or cut down and burn forests.’ reported by Union of Concerned Scientist in the United States of America (UCSUSA). To this day, we still continue to harm the environment, we continue to upset it, and even though we are making small changes to simply help out Mother Nature, it is still not enough.
We can only do so much, but we all need to participate in helping out the environment. By simply repeating the three classic ’R’s,’ Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, you’re already helping out. Though, you just doing it by yourself isn’t going to make a huge change. So spread the word! Tell your neighbors about climate change, tell your family, tell everyone, and tell them what is going on in our society and what it is causing climate change. Tell them what they can do to stop it, and what to contribute to the environment. We can only do so much alone, and it can only go so far. Every day spent doing nothing to help our environment, is another day less of our future generations living. | <urn:uuid:50a282be-1d4d-401d-b7a5-304a69276ebc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://villa-estate.com/climate-change-is-the-greatest-threat-to-human-32/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.942502 | 4,656 | 3.046875 | 3 |
How Do Scholarships Work?
College and university scholarships are a convenient way to pay for an undergraduate degree, but many students are confused about how the whole process works. How is the money awarded and what can you spend it on?
What is a college or university scholarship?
Scholarships are financial aid awards designed to help students pay for an undergraduate degree. Sometimes a scholarship is a one-time check. Other school scholarships are renewable and provide money for students each semester or school year. These awards differ from student loans in that they don’t have to be repaid.
Students might receive the money directly as a check in their name. In other cases, the money is given to the student’s school. In these cases, the student would then pay the school for the difference on any money owed for tuition, fees, room and board. If the scholarships and other forms of financial aid are enough to cover the direct college costs, the excess money is refunded to the student.
How can the money be spent?
Scholarship checks awarded in your name can be spent on anything, but you would be wise to look at this as an investment and not a free pass to splurge on video games or concert tickets. This money is for school expenses. This could mean tuition, but it could also be books, pencils, housing, food (you can’t study on an empty stomach) or even computers and software.
When you receive the scholarship money depends on the scholarship you won. Sometimes you get the money in one chunk before school begins, and in other cases the money is distributed in installments. Sometimes a scholarship may be paid out in the middle of a semester.
Where do they come from?
Scholarships come from a variety of different sources, including clubs, organizations, charities, foundations, businesses, colleges and universities, the government and individuals. Colleges and universities offer financial assistance in the form of merit aid as well, so don’t forget to contact the schools you are considering to see if you qualify for any merit aid.
Who gets scholarships?
Scholarships aren’t awarded just to students with a 4.0 GPA. Each scholarship has its own criteria. Some scholarships are awarded based on need. For others, you must be a member of an organization, be studying a certain field or fit whatever guidelines the group awarding the money decides upon.
Regardless of whether you excel in academics, you should be able to find several scholarships that work for you. There are even scholarships intended for students living in a particular state or town. You can continue to apply for scholarships during your collegiate years until graduation! | <urn:uuid:156e6087-cfa3-40f3-afcf-df8d1c89b68f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.phef.net/how-do-scholarships-work | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965441 | 544 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Remember the unmanned ground sweeper landed in Changsha, Hunan last week?
On May 18, Cowarobot acquired 135 million yuan ($21 million) in its Series B financing led by Softbank China and China Creation Ventures (CCV), followed by Yingfeng Investment, Orca M&A Capital, CMIG Keytech Investment Holding Co.,Ltd, Wuhu Yuanda Venture Capital Co., Ltd., and Empower Investment.
On April 24, Cowa together with Zoomlion Environmental Industry Co., Ltd. (Zoomlion Environment) launched the first unmanned ground sweeping sanitation robots in Changsha. The robots have full road cleaning and intelligent path-planning capabilities.
CowaRobot announced that the unmanned ground sweeper would be applied in Changsha, Shanghai, Wuhu, Hefei, Guangdong and many other cities this year during the commercialization strategy.
Currently, the idea of CowaRobot has been approved by its investors.
Tommie He, founder and CEO of CowaRobot, stated that “with the progress of urbanization and the increasingly meticulous management of municipalities, we have seen that the environmental protection industry’s billion dollar-level needs are not well-met. Our goal is to use autonomous driving technology to change the sanitation industry.”
Tommie He has taught at Shanghai Jiaotong University and studied with robot master Hirose Shigeo. CowaRobot has also worked with Carnegie Mellon University to conduct R&D on driverless perception algorithms.
CowaRobots stated that it will perform deep analysis on low-speed unmanned technology to perceive the operating environment and identify obstacles, classify, track, and predict obstacle movement trajectories, and then plan a reasonable path.
To this end, the team developed a set of systems for perception, planning and positioning, including an unmanned intelligent identification system, a decision planning system, a feature-driven global positioning system, and a security strategy for establishing a multi-level anti-collision module.
Zhang Li, Vice President of Softbank China Capital, claimed that they target such leading companies and provide them with long-term investments for fast growth. Automotive and autonomous driving are a part of their strategic plan, and they are optimistic about CowaRobot’s autonomous driving technology. CowaRobot has a keen sense of customer demands and has efficiently put them into practice, promoting the commercialization of their products in industry. “CowaRobot is working with leading logistics companies and commercial settings, and we are very much looking forward to seeing specific products unveiled soon.”
Wei Zhou, managing partner of CCV, believes that “new technologies are one of the main investment directions for creating partners. In the fields of robotics and autonomous driving, Chinese companies are able to rely on real-world application needs and rich scenarios. The CowaRobot team has a strong technical background and an outstanding ability to explore commercial applications and autopilot scenarios. We are very optimistic about the area they have entered and expect them to land in more practical scenarios.”
CowaRobot was Zhou’s first investment case in the field of autonomous driving. In March 2017, he led the original Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB) China Fund team to create CCV. | <urn:uuid:36025cdf-5f9f-41ea-931d-66ef86bb897f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://wordp-appli-oeiffwjv3h0b-1837223528.ap-south-1.elb.amazonaws.com/cowarobot-acquires-135-million-yuan-in-series-b-financing-led-by-softbank-and-ccv/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.939332 | 693 | 1.5 | 2 |
For cryptocurrency beginners, the single most common aspects they want to know is how to withdraw Bitcoin or exchange from Bitcoins to fiat currency (USD, INR, CAD, EUR, Etc). It is just natural as BTC has grown in value over time, so when it rise in its value, the clear question of knowing your profits also come in.
For knowing the profits you need to sell BTC in cash as acceptable in your native countries. There are a few methods to convert BTC into USD, CAD, EUR, INR, or even GBP, You may sell Bitcoins to person for cash or maybe you can sell it on exchanges and then you will get the cash directly laid on into your local bank account. There is also the option to use your Bitcoin to purchase goods from Amazon by using services like Purse.io. Nevertheless, I think for now you would like to sell your BTC and receive cash from person or directly transfered to your bank account.
The most convenient way is to find fiat accepting exchanges in the country. After that you can sell your Bitcoins in exchange for fiats like CAD, USD, INR, GBP, or EUR. I know that all the above mentioned will not work in every country as the cash system differs from country to country. There is one more alternative of P2P buying and selling Bitcoins through LocalBitcoins .
The great thing about Localbitcoins is that you deal with the buyer directly giving you the ability to receive money in almost any of the supported platforms (cash, Payoneer, Paypal, Bank Deposit). When considering transforming Bitcoin into fiat, Localbitcoins can be the perfect choice for those who don’t want to choose an exchange.
Selling Bitcoin via an Exchange
So far the most in-demand way of transforming Bitcoin into fiat currency is using centralized exchanges like Coinbase or Gemini. With easy user interfaces and processes included in account creation, such exchanges allow you to link your local bank account for withdrawal helping to make the process simple and fast.
One more easy way to transform you Bitcoin into real money is by selling Bitcoins to your family and friends. When your purpose is to gain more profit and not because you don’t feel assured about the potential future of Bitcoin , selling Bitcoins to your family and friends is the right choice . It may also help them to learn more about Bitcoin and both of you can save on the transaction from brokerage fees. | <urn:uuid:db9adbc2-f59b-495d-8712-29c5e77e4116> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thejuse.com/2018/07/29/exchange-bitcoin-to-different-currencies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947897 | 492 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Computer animation software application make simplicity to a novice to expert animator to make animations. The attributes are extremely versatile as well as user-friendly for animator. The on-line assistance guides to the customer at any factor of time while running the software program. The software needs to run in a specified computer system maker. There are different software program for 2 dimensional (2D) computer animations and also 3 dimensional (3D) computer animations. There are great deals of computer animation software are readily available in market. Numerous open source computer animation software application are widely published and offered for a trial use for sure period. If an individual likes it for additional usage can buy from the home builder.
Developing Content function uses user-friendly as well as user friendly to animators for your story. In addition to onion-skinning features, a personalized grid as well as automobile gap-closing assists to the animators. Automated lip-sync conserves time for innovative minds that provides totally automated lip-syncing abilities.
Constructing a layout Library for organizing, conserving and re-using all of your properties and also computer animations with layout collection is easy to use and also can consist of all kinds of media files like flicks, image collections, artwork from leading software consisting of SWF, AI, PDF, JPEG, PSD, TGA and also GIF documents formats.
Animating Components make the computer animation procedure as very easy as 1-2-3. The change tool permits the user to animate motion, scaling, rotation and also skewing utilizing automated key frame insertion into the time line.
Scene Format can be taken only secs to occupy a scene with layouts by using drag-and-drop and also scene preparation devices. Develop Video Camera Moves in a virtual 3D setting to set the activity. Go down Shadow attribute adds unbelievable special results to scene. Develop encouraging animation unique effects easily despite how made complex the animations are.
Publish or compiling produces top quality animation for the Internet, Personal organizers, iPods, cell phones, TELEVISION, HDTV and including SWF, AVI, QuickTime, DV Streams, อ่านการ์ตูน picture sequences and also even more.
For Macintosh the spec are Power Macintosh G5, G4 (Minimum), or Intel ® CoreTM cpus Mac OS X v10.4.7, 512 Megabytes Ram (or bigger), 256 MEGABYTES (or more), 120 MB of available hard drive space, 24-bit shade screen, with 64 MEGABYTES (Suggested)or 8 MEGABYTES (Minimum) video RAM, with the ability of 1024×768 resolution.
For PC System specs are 800 MHz Intel Pentium III cpu (Minimum) with Microsoft Windows XP or 2000, 512 Megabytes Ram (Suggested), 256 MB (or more), 120 MB of readily available hard disk area, 24-bit color screen with 32 megabytes Video Clip RAM or more, With The Ability Of 1024×768 Resolution.
3D Modeler, TrueType typeface support, Import and also customize data formats, Export.3 DS files, Constructed in 3D Item browser, Jointed character editor, Morph targets, Renderer for top quality, manufacturing quality images, Create 3D scenes and also animations and also output.AVI film data,. JPG and.BMP photos, Supports textures, bump maps, soft shadows, spotlights, fog, as well as far more, Appearance assistance for.BMP,. GIF, and.JPG format data, Scripting language etc | <urn:uuid:39ad5224-0caf-4d0d-8160-e4d85cf86532> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://douzij.top/top-10-common-words-used-in-anime-and-their-meanings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.886474 | 755 | 1.609375 | 2 |
We are all being urged to turn the tide on the waves of waste washing up on our shores.
As covid curtails trips abroad this summer, more people are enjoying a trip to the Scottish seaside.
But a dedicated band of beach cleaners are finding more visitors is resulting in more rubbish being found on the coastline.
This year alone, volunteer litter picking group Angus Clean Environments has found 3.4 tonnes of rubbish on the county’s coastline.
“It’s not just about having clean beaches, it’s about preventing wildlife becoming entangled in beach litter, ingesting beach litter, it’s about preventing plastics entering the food chain so we all have to take responsibility to keep our beaches clean,” said Wendy Murray of Angus Clean Environments.
According to The Marine Conservation Society for every 100 metres of Scottish coastline cleaned last year, 298 items of litter were found.
PPE was picked up on 30% of beaches and there has been a 76% drop in plastic bags since the carrier bag charge was introduced in 2014.
The Marine Conservation Society (MCS) is urging the public to join in the Great British Beach Clean in September.
Catherine Gemmell of MCS said: “The Great British Beach Clean is so important so we can remove littler from our beaches and collect important data on the types of litter that our volunteers are finding so we can use that to go to government, to go to business to try to get them to play their part in stopping the amount of litter out at sea.”
In just 20 minutes, a team of four litter pickers on Arbroath beach collected a huge haul of litter including shoes, plastic bottles, masks, fishing equipment and food packaging.
Volunteer Ian Wren said: “I’m here because for the last few months I’ve been fed up of the litter about the town, on the beaches.
“I never noticed it before until I got a dog and started taking the dog out and started to notice it and thought something has got to be done. Arbroath is a lovely town and it’s being ruined by litter.”
Inspired by her daughter Lily, Lynne Soutar started volunteering as a litter picker two years ago.
“Lily had seen a programme about the effect on wildlife and she wanted to make a difference to the sealife here. We use the beach a lot so it’s really important to us that we leave it as we find it and we always take a few bits of litter home with us,” she told STV News.
Lizzie Prior, beachwatch officer at MCS said: “We’re hoping that more volunteers than ever before are beach clean ready this year.
“After having to downsize during lockdown last year, we want to gather as much data as we can to understand the state of pollution on the UK’s shores.”
Most litter that ends up on the beach and in the sea starts its journey in villages, towns and cities miles from the coast. 90% of plastic in Scotland’s seas comes from littering on Scottish land.
So, for those not based by the sea, the MCS’s Source to Sea Litter Quest is a fantastic way to get involved, and stop pollution before it makes its way to the sea. Volunteers taking part in a Litter Quest can keep beaches and seas clean, even when miles away from the coast.
Volunteers are encouraged to sign up for a beach clean from September 17 to September 26 this year via the Marine Conservation Society’s website.
The message is simple, bag it and bin it to keep our beaches beautiful. | <urn:uuid:d16fdda1-883d-4b7d-8bb1-a4766627661d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.stv.tv/north/call-to-clean-up-beaches-amid-tide-of-waste-on-scottish-coast?top | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959943 | 780 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Even when you’re with a great contractor whom you trust, it’s very useful to know about the various parts of your roof, how they function, how to take care of them, and why and when they might need to be replaced.
Soffit and fascia are two roof components in your roof’s gutter zone, which is critical for getting water away from your house.
How Soffit and Fascia Work
Soffit is a word for the exposed area under the eaves of your roof. It can also mean the area underneath an arch, a staircase or a ceiling.
Soffits are typically made of vinyl and, since an important function they have is to let air circulate in your attic, they are usually perforated to let air through.
A good soffit will be able to stand up to the elements, which is important because soffits are likely to be exposed to the wet and damp. Maintaining your gutters well is a good practice for keeping your soffits in good condition.
If you have to get your soffits replaced, it’s a good idea to use vinyl because it’s likely to last a long time.
The fascia protects the edge of your roof from the outside. It’s a board attached to the rafters or other elements that make up your roof.
Fascia are also very important. Subject to moisture, if fascia start to rot or otherwise degrade, it’s important to get your contractor to look at them as soon as possible. If they wear away, the exposed interior of your roof may suffer water damage.
When to Replace Soffit and Fascia
Again, it’s important to maintain your gutters so that your soffit and fascia don’t create any problems.
Soffit may become damaged if your gutters are overflowing, which is especially likely to happen if they are clogged, or if ice is damming up in your gutters over the winter. Ice dams are a relatively common occurrence in the winter, which makes good winter gutter maintenance even more important. You might even get icicles coming down through the vinyl of your soffit. This isn’t good for your roof.
It’s important to maintain your fascia because of their protective function, but also because they tend to be highly visible. If they’re in bad condition, they may detract from the attractiveness of your house.
Because fascia are so highly visible, it’s important that you and your contractor are on the same page about the materials that will be used and how your roof will look once the new fascia are installed.
If you’re concerned about the state of your soffit or fascia or any other part of that crucial gutter area, call Zephyr Thomas. Our experienced salespeople and technicians will help to match you with the appropriate parts, materials, gutters, and gutter protection so that you don’t have to worry about your roof again for a long time. | <urn:uuid:424bd053-0303-4367-bd8e-61a3ba8a4c63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zephyrthomas.com/blog/soffit-and-fascia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941832 | 652 | 2.609375 | 3 |
A cerebral or intracranial aneurysm is an abnormal focal dilation of an artery in the brain that results from a weakening of the inner muscular layer (the intima) of a blood vessel wall. The vessel develops a "blister-like" dilation that can become thin and rupture without warning. The resultant bleeding into the space around the brain is called a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This kind of hemorrhage can lead to a stroke, coma and/or death.
Aneurysms are usually found at the base of the brain just inside the skull, in an area called the subarachnoid space. In fact, 90 percent of SAHs are attributed to ruptured cerebral aneurysms and the two terms are often used synonymously.
Aneurysms range in size, from small – about 1/8 inch – to nearly one inch. Aneurysms larger than one inch are called giant aneurysms, pose a particularly high risk and are difficult to treat. The exact mechanisms by which cerebral aneurysms develop, grow and rupture are unknown.
However, a number of factors are believed to contribute to the formation of cerebral aneurysms, including:
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Cigarette smoking
- Congenital (genetic) predisposition
- Injury or trauma to blood vessels
- Complication from some types of blood infections
Patients with intracranial aneurysms can present with SAH from aneurysmal rupture or with un-ruptured aneurysms, which may have been discovered incidentally or resulted in neurological symptoms. An aneurysm ruptures when a hole develops in the sac of the aneurysm. The hole can be small, in which case only a small amount of blood leaks, or large, leading to a major hemorrhage. An un-ruptured aneurysm is the one whose sac has not previously leaked. Every year approximately 30,000 patients in the U.S. suffer from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, and up to 6 percent of the population may have an un-ruptured cerebral aneurysm.
A series of 111 patients with un-ruptured aneurysms showed:
- 51 percent with asymptomatic aneurysms
- 17 percent with acute symptomatology — such as ischemia (37% of aneurysms)
- Headache (37 percent of aneurysms)
- Seizures (18 percent of aneurysms)
- Cranial neuropathies (12 percent of aneurysms)
- Chronic symptomatology (32 percent) which included headache (51%)
- Visual deficits (29 percent)
- Weakness (11 percent) and
- Facial pain (nine percent)
The management of both ruptured and un-ruptured cerebral aneurysms poses a significant challenge for patients and their treating physicians (1).
There is little doubt on the treatment for ruptured cerebral aneurysms, which are typically secured with clips or coils to prevent re-rupture. Occasionally if the patients’ neurological status is poor on presentation, they have multiple medical co-morbidities, especially in the elderly age group, and the chances of significant recovery seem low, the treating physician may not recommend aggressive management. The ‘Hunt and Hess grading scale,’ introduced in 1968, is generally used at most neurosurgical centers to classify the severity of SAH based on the patient's clinical condition.
The worse the patients’ neurological status, the higher is the grade (2):
- Asymptomatic, mild headache, slight nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness)
- Moderate to severe headache, nuchal rigidity, cranial nerve palsy, no other neurological deficit
- Drowsiness / confusion, mild focal neurologic deficit
- Stupor, moderate-severe hemiparesis
- Coma, extensor posturing
The treatment for un-ruptured cerebral aneurysms has been a matter of debate for decades. In the largest study on the management of un-ruptured aneurysms “International study of unruptured intracranial aneurysms” (ISUIA), the five-year cumulative rupture rates for patients without a history of SAH and with aneurysms in anterior circulation were 0 percent, 2.6 percent, 14.5 percent and 40 percent for aneurysms <7 mm, 7–12 mm, 13–24 mm, and > 25 mm, respectively.
For posterior circulation and posterior communicating artery aneurysms these rates were higher: 2.5 percent; 14.5 percent, 18.4 percent and 50 percent for <7 mm, 7–12 mm, 13–24 mm, and > 25 mm, respectively. The study suggested that aneurysms < 7 mm in the anterior circulation have 0.05 percent risk of rupture and should be observed. This study could not make recommendations regarding the modality of treatment because the characteristics of patients in the endovascular cohort differed greatly from those in the surgical group (3).
This study has been criticized for selection bias and study design. In clinical practice SAH from aneurysms smaller than 7 mm is not infrequently encountered. Over the years a number of factors have been reported which can influence rupture rates of the aneurysms. Factors such as family history of intracranial aneurysms, history of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, female sex, previous SAH, symptomatic aneurysm, its location and size have shown negative correlations. Besides these factors, a patient’s life expectancy and medical co-morbidities are also taken into account with discussing the management options (4).
In 2007, based on the critical analysis of the literature available at that time Komotar et al (4) recommended that:
- with rare exceptions, all symptomatic un-ruptured aneurysms should be treated;
- small, incidental aneurysms less than 5 mm in diameter should be managed conservatively in virtually all cases;
- aneurysms larger than 5 mm in patients younger than 60 years of age should be seriously considered for treatment;
- large, incidental aneurysms larger than 10 mm should be treated in nearly all patients younger than 70 years of age.
Broadly, three treatment options for people with the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysm include:
- medical (non-surgical) therapy
- surgical therapy or clipping and
- endovascular therapy or coiling with or without adjunctive devices
Medical therapy is usually only an option for the treatment of un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Strategies include smoking cessation and blood pressure control. These are the only factors that have been shown to have a significant effect on aneurysm formation, growth and/or rupture. Both patient and doctor can work together to design an individualized smoking cessation program that is both practical and feasible for the patient's lifestyle. In addition, if suffering from high blood pressure, the doctor may choose to start you on an anti-hypertensive (blood pressure lowering) medication and/or diet and exercise program. Finally, periodic radiographic imaging (either MRA, CT scan or conventional angiography) may be recommended at intervals to monitor the size and/or growth of the aneurysm. Because the mechanisms of aneurysm rupture are incompletely understood, and because even aneurysms of very small size may rupture, the role of serial imaging for cerebral aneurysm is undefined.
In 1937, Walter Dandy, MD, a famous American neurosurgeon, introduced the method of "clipping" an aneurysm when he applied a V-shaped, silver clip to the neck of an internal carotid artery aneurysm. Since that time, aneurysm clips have evolved into hundreds of varieties, shapes and sizes. The mechanical sophistication of available clips, along with the advent of the operating microscope in the 1960s have made surgical clipping the gold standard in the treatment of both ruptured and un-ruptured cerebral aneurysms. In spite of these advances, surgical clipping remains an invasive and technically challenging procedure.
An aneurysm is clipped through a craniotomy, which is a surgical procedure in which the brain and the blood vessels are accessed through an opening in the skull. After the aneurysm is identified, it is carefully dissected (separated) from the surrounding brain tissue. A small metal clip (usually made from titanium) is then applied to the neck (base) of the aneurysm. Aneurysm clips come in all different shapes and sizes, and the choice of a particular clip is based on the size and location of an aneurysm. The clip has a spring mechanism which allows the two "jaws" of the clip to close around either side of the aneurysm, thus occluding (separating) the aneurysm from the parent (origin) blood vessel. In the ideal clipping, normal blood vessel anatomy is physically restored by excluding the aneurysm sac from the cerebral circulation.
Endovascular techniques for treating aneurysms date back to the 1970s with the introduction of proximal balloon occlusion by Fjodor A. Serbinenko, MD, a Russian neurosurgeon. During the 1980s, endovascular treatment of aneurysms with balloon occlusions was associated with high procedural rate of rupture and complications. Guido Guglielmi, MD, an American-based neuroradiologist, invented the platinum detachable microcoil, which was used to treat the first human being in 1991. The development of Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs), and their FDA approval in 1995, revolutionized endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms.
The common goal of both surgical clipping and endovascular coiling is to eliminate blood flow into the aneurysm. Efficacy (long-term success or effectiveness of the treatment) is measured by evidence of aneurysm obliteration (failure to be demonstrated by conventional or noninvasive angiography), without evidence of recanalization (any blood flow into the aneurysm) or recurrence (reappearance).
Guglielmi detachable coils, known as GDCs, are soft wire spirals originally made out of platinum. These coils are deployed (released) into an aneurysm via a microcatheter that is inserted through the femoral artery of the leg and carefully advanced into the brain. The microcatheter is selectively advanced into the aneurysm itself, and the microcoils are released in a sequential manner. Once the coils are released into the aneurysm, the blood flow pattern within the aneurysm is altered, and the slow or sluggish remaining blood flow leads to a thrombosis (clot) of the aneurysm. A thrombosed aneurysm resists the entry of liquid blood, providing a seal in a manner similar to a clip.
Endovascular coiling is an attractive option for treating aneurysms because it does not require opening of the skull, and is generally accomplished in a shorter time frame, which lessens the anesthesia given. Nevertheless, important differences remain between clipping and coiling, including the nature of the seal created. Because coiling does not physically re-approximate the inner blood vessel lining (endothelium), recanalization may occur through the eventual compaction of the coils into the aneurysm by the bloodstream.
One of the largest, randomized controlled trials comparing surgical clipping and endovascular coiling — International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) — randomly allocated the patients to either neurosurgical clipping or endovascular coiling after a SAH. In the first report published in 2002, 2,143 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the endovascular coiling group and the surgical clipping group. They concluded that survival (free of disability) at one year was better with endovascular coiling. Long-term risk of further bleeding from treated aneurysm was low with either therapy, but higher with endovascular coiling, as compared to surgical clipping (5).
The investigators recently published the long-term outcomes from 1,644 patients enrolled from 22 U.K. neurosurgical centers who were followed up for 10–18.5 years for death and clinical outcomes. At long-term follow-up rates of increased dependency alone did not differ between groups, the probability of death or dependency was significantly greater in the neurosurgical group and re-bleeding was more likely after endovascular coiling (6).
However, this study, like many other stroke trials, has many shortcomings and should be interpreted with caution (7). Meta-analyses of randomized trials comparing endovascular coiling and surgical clipping (including ISAT) conducted later were unable to show a significant difference between endovascular treatment and neurosurgical clipping in mortality and reported that endovascular treatment was associated with higher rates of re-bleeding (8, 9).
Often endovascular coiling may need to be performed with stent — or balloon assistance — for complex aneurysms such as wide-necked aneurysms with lower dome-to-neck ratios, large and giant aneurysms. Stent — or balloon-assisted coiling — is done to prevent herniation of the coil mass into the parent artery which can result in stroke. For balloon-assisted coiling, the balloon is temporarily inflated at the neck of the aneurysm while the coils are placed into the aneurysm. For stent-assisted coiling, the stent is permanently placed across the aneurysm neck. There are advantages and disadvantages of both approaches.
The patients who have the stent placed need to be on anti-platelets medications, limiting their use in ruptured aneurysms, although stent-assisted coiling has been used in ruptured aneurysms with good outcomes. Stents have also been shown to reduce aneurysm recanalization and result in further occlusion of incompletely coiled aneurysms (10, 11). A literature review on stent-assisted coiling in 2012 reported the overall complication rate of 19 percent with an overall death rate of 2.1 percent (12).
Flow diverter (FD) stents were introduced about 7 years ago into the clinical armamentarium of the neuro-interventionists as an additional tool for aneurysm treatment. They have higher metal surface area coverage (about 30-35 percent) as compared to the previous generation stents which have about 8-10 percent metal surface-area coverage (13).
FDs are tubular stent-like implants with a low porosity (metal-free to metal-covered area) and a high pore density with two main work mechanisms (14):
- Flow diversion: As the name indicates, FDs bridge the aneurysm neck and divert the blood flow away from the aneurysm sac, due to impedance created by the mesh of the implant. Reduction of the blood flow into the aneurysmal sac causes stasis of blood flow within the aneurysm which then leads to an inflammatory response followed by thrombosis and “healing” of the aneurysm.
- Endoluminal reconstruction of the parent artery: The FD provides a scaffold for neo-endothelialization across the aneurysm neck and results in endoluminal reconstruction of the parent artery excluding the aneurysm from the circulation.
FD stents clinically available at the current time include:
- Pipeline Embolization Device (EV3-MTI, Irvine, CA)
- Silk (Balt, Montmorency, France)
- Surpass (Stryker, Fremont, CA)
- and Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED) (Microvention, Tustin, CA)
Pipeline embolization device (PED) is currently used most often in the U.S. and most of the literature on flow-diversion for intracranial aneurysms is based on its use. The PED is a flexible microcatheter-delivered self-expanding cylindric construct composed of 48 braided strands of cobalt chromium and platinum. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the PED for the treatment of large or giant wide-necked intracranial aneurysms from the petrous to the superior hypophyseal segments of the internal carotid artery (ICA), which is a section of the artery that supplies the blood to the brain. (15) Over the last few years, PED has also been used beyond the FDA approved indications as an “off-label device” with good outcomes. (16)
The concept behind the treatment is the same with all four FDs. Flow diversion is generally performed for the treatment of aneurysms that are challenging and less amenable to traditional endovascular coiling; such as complex aneurysms, including large and giant aneurysms, wide-neck aneurysms, fusiform aneurysms and recanalized aneurysms after previous coiling. Stent-assisted coiling and balloon-assisted coiling are alternative endovascular options for such aneurysms; however, some studies reported their limited efficacy due to high recanalization rates (12).
Dual antiplatelet therapy with Plavix (Clopidogrel) and aspirin (ASA) is recommended starting prior to the placement of the device and continued afterwards for three to six months followed by aspirin monotherapy lifelong. That is why most aneurysms treated are un-ruptured although there are cases where they were used for ruptured aneurysms also. Most centers still limit their use to the un-ruptured aneurysms. For adequate anticoagulation (and to lower the thromboembolic complications) prior to device placement, Plavix assays are checked at baseline before the administration of Plavix and then again just before the procedure. The percentage of inhibition is calculated and the dosage is adjusted to achieve adequate platelet inhibition before the procedure. Patients with resistance to Plavix are switched to a different anti-platelet drug.
After the routine groin access and placement of a sheath, the microcatheter is navigated inside the larger guide catheter to the desired position across the aneurysm neck. FD stent is then passed through the microcatheter and deployed across the aneurysm neck carefully under the angiographic guidance.
The coils don’t need to be packed as tightly, if at all, as in traditional aneurysmal coiling, which decreases the chances of mass effect from the large aneurysms (14). The results from the large retrospective and prospective single- and multi-center studies have shown an excellent feasibility of the treatment with a high efficacy and acceptable periprocedural complications (occurring soon before, during or after the performance of a medical procedure) as well as morbidity and mortality rates (17,18).
Besides the important complications such as thromboembolic events and the intra-procedural aneurysm rupture, which are also seen with traditional aneurysm coiling, other complications seen with the use of FDs include delayed aneurysmal rupture causing hemorrhage and distant (away from aneurysm) intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The mechanisms for delayed hemorrhage and distant intraparenchymal hemorrhage are not well understood. The hypotheses suggested include the inflammation associated with thrombus formation weakens the aneurysmal wall causing rupture or the hemodynamic changes within the aneurysm causing stress and rupture (14).
From the Retrospective Analysis of Delayed Aneurysm Ruptures (RADAR) study analysis, delayed aneurysms rupture after FDs use occurred in 1.0 percent of patients and delayed parenchymal hemorrhage was reported in 1.9 percent of patients (19).
Intrasaccular flow disruption with a WEB device is one of the latest technological advancements in management of wide-necked aneurysms especially at the bifurcation of an artery. The WEB device is placed within an aneurysm in contrast to the FDs which are placed in the parent artery. One of the biggest advantages is the reduced need for antiplatelet medications, especially for the ruptured aneurysms, which is particularly helpful in patients with SAH. The clinical experience with its use is currently limited; however, the preliminary retrospective multicenter series reported 100 percent technical feasibility, 4.8 percent morbidity and 0 percent mortality (20). The WEB device is not FDA-approved in the United States.
Surgical clipping of a cerebral aneurysm is always performed by a neurosurgeon, often one with expertise in cerebrovascular disease. Most cerebrovascular neurosurgeons have had five to seven years of general neurosurgery training and an additional one to two years of specialized cerebrovascular training.
Endovascular coiling is done either by a neurosurgeon or by an interventional neuroradiologist. An interventional radiologist has undergone extensive training (three to five years) in both radiology and interventional (invasive) procedures involving the brain and spinal cord. All neurosurgeons that perform endovascular coiling have undergone additional training in endovascular techniques in addition to full neurosurgery training (five to seven years of residency).
Although the frequencies of certain complications vary according to the intervention, both clipping and coiling share the same complications. Rupture of the aneurysm is one of the most serious complications seen in either procedure. Exact frequencies of ruptures are not well documented, but reported rupture rates range from 2 percent to 3 percent for both coiling and clipping. Rupture can cause massive intracerebral hemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke or bleeding into the brain) and subsequent coma or death. Although rupture can have catastrophic consequences during either procedure, surgery probably provides a better opportunity to control hemorrhage because of direct access to the ruptured aneurysm and the supplying vessels.
Ischemic stroke (stroke secondary to decreased blood oxygen) is another serious complication frequently encountered in both clipping and coiling. The pattern and distribution of strokes varies according to the aneurysm location and procedure type.
The actual length of the procedure, the associated risks, the projected recovery time and the expected prognosis (outcome) depend on both the location of the aneurysm, the presence/severity of hemorrhage and the patient's underlying medical condition. Therefore, each individual case should be discussed with the treating neurosurgeon/physician.
The treatment of choice for an intracranial aneurysm, like all medical decisions, should be agreed upon by both the physician and the patient. In the case of either ruptured or un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms, the treating physician should discuss the risks and benefits of each available treatment option. The physician will usually make recommendations for one treatment over another, depending on the facts of each individual case. Seeking a second opinion, when possible, is usually advisable.
Although unresolved controversies remain as to what the best treatment option is for an individual patient, both surgical clipping and endovascular coiling/stenting are considered to be viable treatment options in the management of cerebral aneurysms today.
- Raps EC, Rogers JD, Galetta SL, Solomon RA, Lennihan L, Klebanoff LM, Fink ME: The clinical spectrum of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Arch Neurol 50:265–268, 1993.
- Hunt WE, Hess RM. “Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms.” Journal of Neurosurgery 1968 Jan;28(1):14-20.
- Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Huston J 3rd, Meissner I, Brown RD Jr, Piepgras DG, Forbes GS, Thielen K, Nichols D, O'Fallon WM, Peacock J, Jaeger L, Kassell NF, Kongable-Beckman GL, Torner JC; International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Investigators. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: natural history, clinical outcome, and risks of surgical and endovascular treatment. Lancet. 2003 Jul 12;362(9378):103-10.
- Komotar RJ, Mocco J, Solomon RA.Guidelines for the surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: the first annual J. Lawrence pool memorial research symposium--controversies in the management of cerebral aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2008 Jan;62(1):183-93; discussion 193-4.
- Molyneux A, Kerr R, Stratton I, Sandercock P, Clarke M, Shrimpton J, Holman R; International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) Collaborative Group. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Oct 26;360(9342):1267-74.
- Molyneux AJ, Birks J, Clarke A, Sneade M, Kerr RS.The durability of endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: 18 year follow-up of the UK cohort of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) Lancet. 2014 Oct 28. pii: S0140-6736(14)60975-2.
- Ajith J Thomas, Christopher S Ogilvy. ISAT: equipoise in treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms? Lancet. 2014 Oct 28. pii: S0140-6736(14)61736-0.
- Lanzino G, Murad MH, d’Urso PI, Rabinstein AA. Coil embolization versus clipping for ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis of prospective controlled published studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34: 1764–68.
- Li H, Pan R, Wang H, et al. Clipping versus coiling for ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2013; 44: 29–37.
- Lawson MF, Newman WC, Chi YY, Mocco JD, Hoh BL. Stent-associated flow remodeling causes further occlusion of incompletely coiled aneurysms.Neurosurgery. 2011 Sep;69(3):598-603; discussion 603-4.
- Fargen KM, Hoh BL, Welch BG, Pride GL, Lanzino G, Boulos AS, Carpenter JS, Rai A, Veznedaroglu E, Ringer A, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Kan P, Siddiqui A, Levy EI, Mocco J. Long-term results of enterprise stent-assisted coiling of cerebral aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2012 Aug;71(2):239-44; discussion 244.
- Shapiro M, Becske T, Sahlein D, Babb J, Nelson PK. Stent-supported aneurysm coiling: a literature survey of treatment and follow-up. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33:159–163.
- Nelson PK, Lylyk P, Szikora I, Wetzel SG, Wanke I, Fiorella D.The pipeline embolization device for the intracranial treatment of aneurysms trial. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Jan;32(1):34-40.
- Pierot L, Wakhloo AK. Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: current status. Stroke. 2013 Jul;44(7):2046-54.
- Kan P, Siddiqui AH, Veznedaroglu E, Liebman KM, Binning MJ, Dumont TM, Ogilvy CS, Gaughen JR Jr, Mocco J, Velat GJ, Ringer AJ, Welch BG, Horowitz MB, Snyder KV, Hopkins LN, Levy EI. Early postmarket results after treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the pipeline embolization device: a U.S. multicenter experience. Neurosurgery. 2012 Dec;71(6):1080-7; discussion 1087-8.
- Kulcsár Z, Wetzel SG, Augsburger L, Gruber A, Wanke I, Rüfenacht DA. Effect of flow diversion treatment on very small ruptured aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2010 Sep;67(3):789-93.
- Piano M1, Valvassori L, Quilici L, Pero G, Boccardi E. Midterm and long-term follow-up of cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverter devices: a single-center experience.J Neurosurg. 2013 Feb;118(2):408-16.
- O’Kelly CJ, Spears J, Chow M, Wong J, Boulton M, Weill A, et al. Canadian experience with the pipeline embolization device for repair of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34:381–387.
- Kulcsar Z, Szikora I. The ESMINT Retrospective Analysis of Delayed Aneurysm Ruptures after flow diversion (RADAR) study. EJMINT. 2012.
- Pierot L, Liebig T, Sychra V, Kadziolka K, Dorn F, Strasilla C, et al. Intrasaccular flow disruption: a new endovascular approach for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Results of a preliminary clinical evaluation in a multicenter series. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33:1232–1238.
The AANS does not endorse any treatments, procedures, products or physicians referenced in these patient fact sheets. This information is provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice. Anyone seeking specific neurosurgical advice or assistance should consult his or her neurosurgeon, or locate one in your area through the AANS’ Find a Board-certified Neurosurgeon”online tool. | <urn:uuid:3c3db112-42b4-4160-bed0-b72788276ef7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Cerebral-Aneurysm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.914054 | 6,600 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Self-Healing, for me, is a process of rejuvenation, guided by feelings and belief. The value of self-healing lies in one’s belief that they can heal themselves.
Self-Healing is experienced and felt in the present. To be present with yourself and listening to your body is being available and responsible to yourself. You are your priority in this matter of healing. Self-Healing properties, such as the re-generation of the skin after a cut and the knitting of a bone as it grows back and heals itself are real life phenomena. These are true Self Healing properties we all possess.
Our body repairs damaged parts by itself all the time; most of us do not consider the miracle tools we have at our disposal. Accepting the fact your body already is working with you, is the belief I am talking about. Beyond the innate restorative capacities of our physical body, there are many factors of psychological nature that can influence Self Healing.
Positive ideas and thoughts are very influential in helping the body achieve its balance. Healing from within starts with believing you can Heal Yourself and that healing happens. The choice to do something about the pain, outside of Western ideas of surgery and pills is another step towards a spiritual and pain-free life.
Self-Healing is achieved through the use of multiple modes of action; meditation, breathing exercises, physical exercises, massage, imagery, yoga, t’ai chi, and anything that helps the process of healing in one's own mind and assists the body to flourish.
Massage, as an example, has proven that the combination of physical touch and massage supports blood flow and energy to depleted muscles. Knotz Massage Tools are perfect for individuals to self-massage their own sore muscles. By working on muscle and bone structures we become aware of the areas of our body. Breathe and the acute sense of one's body will help focus energy and chi in and out of the body.
Start a practice where you are your own personal guild, as you decide how to approach your pain. Give yourself the time and space to try any mode of healing you see fit.
Just being quiet and sensing what your body is can be beneficial. Listening to your body is a key to understanding what is going on with your body. Self-Healing is your process that is in your control. Pain is a sign that something is wrong, that is obvious, but how one deals with their pain is not so clear. Knotz Massage Tools can provide beneficial results.
Focus on what you can do - Believe, Listen, Accept, Act, Let Go. | <urn:uuid:5d0e86c5-9e5d-4d74-a54c-ac3c553c6666> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://knotzmassagetools.com/blogs/the-knotz-blog/88591553-self-healing-believe-listen-accept-act-let-go | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.95941 | 543 | 1.828125 | 2 |
When most people look to makeover their garden, they may have the idea in mind of putting in new plants, new garden furniture, or even a new shed. In some cases, this can even extend to having the patio refitted. But oddly enough, one of the key features of any garden is the fencing, which is often overlooked, even though it is a safety barrier and is important when it comes to defining where one property ends and another begins.
There are lots of different types of garden fencing to choose from, and one of the options becoming more common is fencing that is made from composite. So, if you are looking for a more modern and easier-to-look-after solution, the following article will break down five reasons why you should consider this material.
The core difference between a wooden fence and a composite or plastic fence does not end with what they are made of. The strength of the material is a huge factor when it comes to choosing a suitable fence for your garden. While wooden fences will creak and bend or may shrink or swell with moisture from the weather, a composite fence will not, and so, it can stay in place and withstand high winds and other extreme weather conditions without rotting or becoming damaged.
If this sounds like something you want in your garden, you can check out informative pages like https://www.ecompositeproducts.co.uk/composite-fencing/ for guidance and design ideas.
Easy To Maintain
The key feature of a composite fence is that it is made of a mixture of wood and plastic, and with the plastic being the majority element, the fence will be easy to maintain. It will not need to be varnished as a wooden fence would be, and it will not need to be sanded.
Plus, you will also note that animals will not be able to dig through it as they would with a wooden fence.
A composite fence also looks relatively attractive, especially when it is color coded. That may sound odd, but suppose the outer of your house is white and you have white posts holding the fence in place – in that case, it will look super smart. If the fence is a dark brown color, this will also look very appealing, especially when compared to an unvarnished wooden fence, which may turn green from mold.
If you have children or pets who play in your garden, you will want to ensure they do not get injured when going near the fence. Another advantage of composite fencing is that it is splinter-proof. Because it is made of plastic and is smooth, it means that you won’t need to worry about pulling splinters out of your grandchildren’s or children’s fingers.
Easy To Install
Of course, when it comes to installing fencing, you should only do it yourself if you are trained in this particular art. Composite fencing overall is easy to install for a professional and can easily be done within a day, meaning minimal disruption to your home. | <urn:uuid:23e7a352-322d-4904-ba8d-9032f7107f13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kravelv.com/advantages-of-composite-fencing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.96338 | 630 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Marquette Bank is dedicated to helping you identify and avoid scams. The security of your personal information, data and accounts is important to us. We want to help you protect it.
NCSA has some easy-to-use STOP. THINK. CONNECT.™ tips to help protect against fraudster tricks:
KEEP ALL MACHINES CLEAN
Having updated software on all devices that connect to the internet is critical. This includes security software, web browsers and operating systems for PCs and your mobile devices. Having current software is a strong defense against viruses and malware that can steal login credentials or use your computer to generate spam.
LOCK DOWN YOUR LOGIN
Fortify your online accounts by enabling the strongest authentication tools available, such as biometrics, security keys or a unique one-time code through an app on your mobile device. Your usernames and passwords are not enough to protect key accounts like email, banking and social media.
MAKE BETTER PASSWORDS
If your passwords are too short or easy to guess, it’s like giving a cyber thief your banking PIN. Longer passwords and those that combine capital and lowercase letters with numbers and symbols provide better protection.
GET SAVVY ABOUT WI-FI HOTSPOTS
Public wireless networks are not secure. Cybercriminals can potentially intercept internet connections while you are filing highly personal information on public WiFi.
WHEN IN DOUBT, THROW IT OUT
Links in email are often the way bad guys get access to your personal information. If it looks weird, even if you know the source, it’s best to delete.
THINK BEFORE YOU ACT
Be leery of communications that implore you to act immediately – especially if you are told you owe money to the IRS and it must be paid promptly.
FILE YOUR TAX FORMS ON SECURE HTTPS SITES ONLY.
ASK IF YOUR TAX PREPARATION SERVICE HAS CHECKED FOR MALWARE ISSUES.
What to Do if You Think You are a Victim?
- Contact your bank immediately and close the account, if you believe your account may be compromised. Watch for any unauthorized charges to your account. Consider reporting the attack to your local police department, and file a report with the Federal Trade Commission or the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center.
- Forward phishing emails to firstname.lastname@example.org – and to the company, bank, or organization impersonated in the email. You also may report phishing email to email@example.com. The Anti-Phishing Working Group, a group of ISPs, security vendors, financial institutions and law enforcement agencies, uses these reports to fight phishing.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES TO HELP YOU STAY SAFE THIS TAX SEASON
Here are a few more resources that can help you protect your identity and be safer and more secure online this tax season – and year-round: | <urn:uuid:d5b1b180-a806-4e47-b3b8-6584d58674c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emarquettebank.com/security-center/scams,-spoofing-and-other-online-security-articles/lock-down-your-login | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.891188 | 611 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Are you using google machine the correct way when it comes to searching for stuff? If you’re like me, you are using google daily to search for a variety of things. However, did you know there was a way to use google to find items quicker and easier?
Below are 12 tips to help you use google more efficiently and you can be considered a google expert.
1. Specific Phrase
If you are looking for specific content on social media for example or social media marketing it’s best to use a specific phrase in the search box enclosed with double quotes.
Example: instead of: social media marketing
do this: “social media marketing”
2. Site Specific
There are times you will want to search a specific site for content but the site doesn’t support or contains a built in search feature you can find the information you need by using the following modifier. Use “site: site name.com” modifier
Example: “social media marketing” site:www.mashable.com
3. Exclude Words
If you are searching for content related to social media marketing but don’t necessarily want content that includes the term advertising you can use the “-” in front of the term or word you want to exclude.
Example: social media marketing -advertising
4. Similar Words
If during your search you’d like to include words that are similar or synonyms you can use the following symbol “~” in front of the word.
Example: “social media marketing” ~expert
Did you know you could find definitions quickly using google search? Simply use the “define:” command.
6. Document Types
Perhaps you are searching results that are for a specific type, you can use the following modifier “filetype:” For example if you are searching for only Power Point presentations on the topic of social media marketing you would search in the following format.
Example: “social media marketing” filetype:ppt
7. Phone Listings
Ever get those annoying calls on your mobile device and you have no idea who is calling you? Now you can look it up on Google using the phonebook feature.
Example: phonebook:888-967-5309 (input the number that comes up on your phone, this is merely an example)
8. Area Code Lookup
If you are looking wondering where a particular area code is from, simply input the area code and Google will tell you where it’s from
9. This OR That
When you are searching on Google, by default it will include all terms that are specific to the search. If you are searching for more than one term to match you can use the OR operator. Notice that the OR must be capitalized.
Example: social media marketing OR advertising
10. Numeric Ranges
If what you are searching for contains a range of numbers, perhaps years or prices you can search using the following modifier, X..Y This type of search is useful when you are in a need of a series of numbers.
Example: president 1960..1980 (notice there are two periods between the numbers)
Instead of pulling out your calculator or mobile device for a quick calculation you can use the Google search for your answer.
Example: 7892 * 3.02
12. Stock (Ticker Symbol)
Are you curious how your stocks or current financials are doing? Simply enter a valid ticker symbol as your search term and Google will provide a thumb-nail chart for the stock you are searching.
Example: FB (the ticker symbol for Facebook)
Now you can use the Google search just like a Google expert using the tips provided. Any questions or perhaps tips you can add please let me know. | <urn:uuid:13849848-4463-4d86-a9e4-bf17d465b57d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kimgarst.com/12-quick-and-easy-tips-to-mastering-google-search/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.877511 | 814 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Portland cement conversion
Amount: 1 Japanese shō (shō) of volume
Equals: 0.064 cubic feet (cu ft - ft3) in volume
Converting Japanese shō to cubic feet value in the Portland cement units scale.
TOGGLE : from cubic feet into Japanese shō in the other way around.
CONVERT : between other Portland cement measuring units - complete list.
Conversion calculator for webmasters.
General Portland cement
General or common purpose Portland cement type (not any other weaker/cheaper cement replacement-version). It's the primary masonry binder hence bonding agent for mortars and concretes consisting of building sand, stones or other gravel aggregate, mixed with water.
By standard practice, when freshly poured, Portland cement has unit volume mass of 94 lbs/cu-ft - 1506 kg/m3 (but it becomes denser as the storage time is prolonged, when it gets compressed or vibrated; in such situations its weight per volume can increase to as high as 104 lbs/cu-ft). This calculator is based on the fresh form Portland cement w/ the standard mass properties of 94 pounds to 1 cubic foot.
Convert Portland cement measuring units between Japanese shō (shō) and cubic feet (cu ft - ft3) but in the other reverse direction from cubic feet into Japanese shō.
|conversion result for Portland cement:|
|1 Japanese shō||shō||= 0.064||cubic feet||cu ft - ft3|
Converter type: Portland cement measurements
This online Portland cement from shō into cu ft - ft3 converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals.
First unit: Japanese shō (shō) is used for measuring volume.
Second: cubic foot (cu ft - ft3) is unit of volume.
Portland cement per 0.064 cu ft - ft3 is equivalent to 1 what?
The cubic feet amount 0.064 cu ft - ft3 converts into 1 shō, one Japanese shō. It is the EQUAL Portland cement volume value of 1 Japanese shō but in the cubic feet volume unit alternative.
How to convert 2 Japanese shō (shō) of Portland cement into cubic feet (cu ft - ft3)? Is there a calculation formula?
First divide the two units variables. Then multiply the result by 2 - for example:
0.063707658765565 * 2 (or divide it by / 0.5)
1 shō of Portland cement = ? cu ft - ft3
1 shō = 0.064 cu ft - ft3 of Portland cement
Other applications for Portland cement units calculator ...
With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this Portland cement converter proved to be useful also as an online tool for:
1. practicing Japanese shō and cubic feet of Portland cement ( shō vs. cu ft - ft3 ) measuring values exchange.
2. Portland cement amounts conversion factors - between numerous unit pairs.
3. working with - how heavy is Portland cement - values and properties.
International unit symbols for these two Portland cement measurements are:
Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. short brevis ), unit symbol, for Japanese shō is:
Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for cubic foot is:
cu ft - ft3
One Japanese shō of Portland cement converted to cubic foot equals to 0.064 cu ft - ft3
How many cubic feet of Portland cement are in 1 Japanese shō? The answer is: The change of 1 shō ( Japanese shō ) unit of Portland cement measure equals = to 0.064 cu ft - ft3 ( cubic foot ) as the equivalent measure for the same Portland cement type.
In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solution. If there is an exact known measure in shō - Japanese shō for portland cement amount, the rule is that the Japanese shō number gets converted into cu ft - ft3 - cubic feet or any other Portland cement unit absolutely exactly.
Oven info & galleries
- Home Page
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- Building oven 2 | <urn:uuid:bb5f24fd-deb0-4592-b3c6-d1070b29d906> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.traditionaloven.com/building/masonry/cement/convert-japan-sho-cement-to-cubic-foot-cu-ft-cement.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.832593 | 1,047 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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I am currently building the AI for some baddies in a simple video game I'm making. The levels are mostly horizontal with some floating platforms here and there. Using `enemy.state` as an attribute to keep track of what the enemy is doing and by tracking the x and y distances between the player and the baddies, I am able to create a semi-working AI system. But there are still glitches. For example: if the baddie is on a hovering platform and the player is directly below that platform, the baddies doesn't know to walk off the platform to get to the player. Are there ways to create "rays", like with Unity? Essentially, a "ray" is an orb that surrounds the object and detects its relation to other things around it. This way the object can navigate levels in a human-like way. Anything along those lines, or any AI tips and techniques/tutorials would be greatly appreciated! | <urn:uuid:dc527b5c-2f3d-41ee-92d9-60022965d72d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.html5gamedevs.com/tags/artificial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953123 | 224 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Synopsis of Lunch Box
Three years after The Six Million Dollar Man premiered in 1973, Steve Austin's female counterpart, The Carnival, got her own show. In 1977 and 1978, Aladdin released two successive metal lunchboxes with matching plastic thermoses. One box had Jaime Sommers saving Oscar Goldman from being hit by a car by stopping the car with her foot. The other side showed a classroom scene wherein she demonstrates her ability to rip telephone books in half. Crummy, meddlesome, telephone books! The second box has Jamie outrunning a car with her pet bionic dog, backed by the classroom scene. Both the show and the box were favorites of young girls growing up in the 1970's at a time when women were asserting their rights to equality in everything, including bionics.
Lunch Box Release History1977 - Carnival (W/Car)
1978 - Carnival (W/Dog) | <urn:uuid:50a5454e-f76e-48c8-b953-4965c0524778> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.skooldays.com/categories/lunchboxes/lb1071.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954661 | 187 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Often called hoop houses, high tunnels are constructed by stretching a layer of polyethylene plastic over hoops of metal or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Most high tunnels rely on passive ventilation through roll-up sides, large doors, or removable end walls. High tunnels are less-complex, less-expensive versions of a greenhouse because of passive heating and cooling and inexpensive glazing. They can offer growers a cost-effective way to extend the growing season for high-value crops such as fruits, vegetables, and cut flowers. High tunnels also allow small farmers to gain market share in the niche market of “locally grown” products at a time of the year when most fruits and vegetables are grown elsewhere.
Extending the vegetable production season without incurring prohibitive costs is an important goal of many farmers, especially small and beginning farmers with limited resources. Extending the season with high tunnels allows for a more-constant income flow and some control of the crop growth environment. High tunnels can provide protection against some insects, early freezes, hail, and other weather events. High tunnels can also facilitate better market planning. Season extension technologies alter the growing environment equivalent to moving three U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zones to the south, which makes production of spinach and lettuce in cold winter weather possible (Coleman, 2009; Wells and Loy, 1993).
Although high tunnels have been extensively studied in the eastern and midwestern parts of the United States, little work has focused on the southwestern part of the country. With limited water and a dry climate, farmers in the southwestern United States are under pressure to divert agricultural land and water to residential and other nonagricultural uses (Hurd and Coonrod, 2008). At the same time, new marketing opportunities are developing that encourage schools and other public institutions to purchase fresh produce from local farmers. To take advantage of these opportunities and deal with these challenges, farmers need to be able to supply fresh produce in a cost-effective manner during the late fall, winter, and early spring months. In most of the southwestern United States, the majority of winter days are sunny, but nights (and in some areas, days) are below freezing. Low-cost, passive-solar high tunnels seem to be an ideal fit for farmers in this region. In recent years, New Mexico agricultural producers have adopted high tunnel technology, but detailed production and economics data are lacking. Stakeholders need additional information about winter vegetable production in high tunnels.
High tunnels are generally tall enough to walk in, whereas low tunnels are designed to cover the crop itself and are typically 1 to 2 ft tall. Low tunnel technology has been explored as one form of extending the crop season in southern New Mexico. Ma (2009) examined the economic impact of using low tunnels to extend the season for four lettuce and four spinach cultivars. For lettuce, low tunnels improved yields as much as 23% in the fall, whereas, in the spring, those improvements were as high as 70% when compared with the control. Spinach also performed well, with yields 68% higher in the fall and 66% higher in the spring when compared with the control (Ma, 2009). A partial budget analysis was used to evaluate the economic performance of the low tunnels. A price of $4/lb was used, based on previous sales of lettuce and spinach in the area. In Fall 2008, rowcovers had a positive economic effect on only one cultivar of lettuce, with a cumulative impact of $1170/acre over three harvests. All other lettuce and spinach cultivars in the fall had a negative economic effect under rowcovers. In the spring, rowcovers had positive economic effects on all lettuce and spinach cultivars, with the highest cumulative returns from three harvests of $36,388/acre for one lettuce cultivar. A spinach cultivar had the highest returns of $46,123/acre from four harvests. However, high tunnels have increasingly been adopted in New Mexico due to the labor involved in managing and maintaining low tunnels.
In the northern parts of the United States and Canada, high tunnels present several advantages, such as allowing the crop to be planted as much as a month earlier and protecting against rain and wind, resulting in a higher quality product (Wien, 2009). Growers surveyed in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa reported extending their season to 9 months of the year using high tunnels and 91% reported growing tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in high tunnels (Knewtson et al., 2010). Other crops reported were lettuce, spinach, leafy greens, cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), and peppers (Capsicum sp.). Internationally, the most commonly produced crop in high tunnels is tomato, followed by pepper, cucumber, muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus), and lettuce (Knewtson et al., 2010).
In Michigan, nine case studies were used to analyze the viability of high tunnel vegetable production (Conner et al., 2010). The materials cost roughly $10,000 for a tunnel of ≈2800 ft2 (Conner et al., 2010). Net payback was an estimated 4.2 years, assuming the entire net mean monthly income of $201 was used to pay for the investment (Conner et al., 2010). Waterer (2003) evaluated the economics of summer vegetable production in high tunnels and low tunnels in Canada. Crops in high tunnels matured earlier and produced higher yields before a killing frost, but did not effectively extend the growing season. High tunnels required much higher initial investment, but enhanced gross returns on the wholesale market allowed for a 2- to 5-year payback period. Economics information is available for other parts of the United States and Canada but is limited for growers in the southwestern United States.
Risk and uncertainty are part of any business, including agricultural investments. Although capital investment costs may be easy to estimate, yields and prices received in the market are variables over which farmers have limited control. These variables can greatly influence the decisions of small growers who have constrained budgets. Developing a model, that takes risk into account, is important to improve investment decisions. Therefore, it is also important for vegetable growers to understand their probabilities of covering material and seed costs before investing.
@Risk™ statistical software (Palisade Corp., Ithaca, NY) has been widely used to make financial decisions by examining uncertainty. The software has been used in the financial industry for retirement planning, currency valuation, portfolio optimization, and discounted cash flow analysis (Togo, 2004). It is used in the insurance industry in estimating loss reserves. @Risk™ is also used in the energy industry to determine oil reserves estimation, exploration, and production. Yeboah et al. (2012) used @Risk™ to examine the economic feasibility of a North Carolina biodiesel plant that used canola (Brassica rapa) seeds as the primary feedstock. The software has also been used in agricultural investment decision projects (Tzouramani and Mattas, 2004). BestFit is a feature of @Risk™ that identifies the distribution that best fits the input data (Jankauskas and McLafferty, 1996). In combination with simulation software, these distributions can be used to define uncertainty in the model.
This project evaluated three models of high tunnels for winter production of leafy greens over three seasons. The emphasis was on low-cost, practical structures that are applicable to farmers with limited resources and who may wish to test winter production before making larger investments in more advanced greenhouse technology or transitioning to larger units. Specific objectives were to 1) quantify the differences between three passive solar high tunnel designs of different expense and heat-retention capacities, 2) evaluate growth and yield of one spinach cultivar (Long Standing Bloomsdale) and one lettuce cultivar (Flashy Trout’s Back) at two planting dates within each tunnel, and 3) conduct economic analyses using novel software to develop a risk model to determine relative probability of profitability of each tunnel design.
Coleman, E. 2009 The winter harvest handbook. Chelsea Green Publ., White River Junction, VT
Conner, D.S., Waldman, K.B., Montri, A.D., Hamm, M.W. & Biernbaum, J.A. 2010 Hoophouse contributions to economic viability: Nine Michigan case studies HortTechnology 20 877 884
Enfield, J.S. 2012 Winter production of leafy greens in the southwestern USA using high tunnels. MS Thesis, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces
Hurd, B.H. & Coonrod, J. 2008 Climate change and its implications for New Mexico’s water resources and economic opportunities. New Mexico State Univ. Tech. Rpt. 45
Internal Revenue Service 2011 Farmer’s tax guide, Publ. 225. 1 Mar. 2012 <www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p225.pdf>
Jankauskas, L. & McLafferty, S. 1996 BestFit, distribution fitting software by Palisade Corporation. Proc. 1996 Winter Simulation Conf. p. 551–555
Knewtson, S.J.B., Carey, E.E. & Kirkham, M.B. 2010 Management practices of growers using high tunnels in the central Great Plains of the United States HortTechnology 20 639 645
Ma, Y. 2009 Effect of row covers on yield and economic performance of lettuce and spinach in southern New Mexico. MS Thesis, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces
Palisade Corporation 2010 @Risk manual. Palisade Corp., Ithaca, NY
Togo, D.F. 2004 Risk analysis for accounting models: A spreadsheet simulation approach J. Account. Educ. 22 153 163
Tzouramani, I. & Mattas, K. 2004 Employing real options methodology in agricultural investments: The case of greenhouse construction Appl. Econ. Lett. 11 355 359
Waldman, K.B., Conner, D.S., Biernbaum, J.A., Hamm, M.W. & Montri, A.D. 2012 Determinants of hoophouse profitability: A case study of 12 novice Michigan farmers HortTechnology 22 215 223
Wang, G. & Nolte, K. 2010 Summer cover crop use in Arizona vegetable production systems. Arizona Coop. Ext. Guide AZ1519
Waterer, D. 2003 Yields and economics of high tunnels for production of warm-season vegetable Crops HortTechnology 13 339 343
Wells, O.S. & Loy, J.B. 1993 Rowcovers and high tunnels enhance crop production in the northeastern United States HortTechnology 3 92 95
Yeboah, A., Naanwaab, C., Yeboah, O., Owens, J. & Bynum, J. 2012 Economic feasibility of sustainable high oilseed-based biofuel production: The case for biodiesel in North Carolina. Southern Agr. Econ. Assn. Annu. Mtg., Birmingham, AL, Feb. 4–7 | <urn:uuid:d42d7f18-ecd0-446f-b8d5-4deb00799fe6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/24/1/article-p7.xml?rskey=ESuUDa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.914421 | 2,326 | 3.890625 | 4 |
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