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Employers already use various methods for monitoring employees and for a number of different reasons, from checking up on appropriate email and internet use to gathering information about productivity, reliability, employee interaction, location and health. In many ways, the issues are the same regardless of the sophistication of the technology used to carry out the monitoring and analysis of the results. There is no doubt that these tools can be very useful for employers wishing to identify inefficiencies in their business model and teams and AI can help bring speed, new insights and objectivity to this. However, assessing performance solely with cold hard data generated by technology or managing a remote workforce using AI based analytics at the expense of the human touch raises a number of legal issues.
The principal ones arise in the context of the European Human Rights Convention and data protection legislation. Excessive, unnecessary or unjustified monitoring will fall foul of both and proportionality will be key in determining the lawfulness of an employer’s actions.
The rights most relevant (and potentially at risk) in a monitoring scenario will be the right to private life and family life and the right to a fair trial (which might be engaged, for example, to consider whether evidence relevant to disciplinary proceedings was gathered lawfully). Employees have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the workplace although an employer can interfere with that right where it has legitimate grounds and it uses proportionate means to do so. Proportionality will involve looking at alternatives to achieving the employer’s aim which are less intrusive and do not curtail the right to privacy. Being clear with employees about what they can and cannot expect regarding privacy in the workplace and the wider employment relationship generally will also be important.
Data protection has taken centre stage this year with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (the ‘GDPR’). Monitoring workers will involve processing their personal data and engage the employer’s obligations as a data controller. An employer will need to bear in mind the data protection principles set out in the GDPR, all of which are likely to be relevant to monitoring employees, analysing and potentially acting on the results. In broad terms, this will mean that an employer will need to ensure that:
- it is transparent and unambiguous about what monitoring is carried out and the reasons for it;
- monitoring is carried out for a specific, legitimate and identifiable reason and no other;
- no more information is gathered for the specified purpose than is necessary; and policies and systems are in place regarding retention and security of the information gathered through monitoring.
Before starting any large-scale monitoring exercise, it is likely that the employer will need to carry out (and document) a data protection impact assessment. This must be undertaken for processing that is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of individuals, particularly in the case of new technologies. There are also significant limitations around the use of automated decision making (where decisions that carry significant consequences for an individual are based on assessing data without any human input) which the employer will need to take into account. Clearly this will be highly relevant where an AI system is deployed not merely to give additional insights - which will be considered by the employer - but where the system is trusted to go further and make actual decisions which impact on a given employee.
Last year the Article 29 Working Party (an advisory body comprising representatives of all the data protection authorities across the EU working under the old Data Protection Directive) produced an updated opinion on data processing at work. This updates its assessment of the appropriate balance between the legitimate interests of employers against the reasonable privacy expectations of employees given the significant technological developments since its 2002 opinion on the same issue. We believe that this older opinion nevertheless provides useful guidance for the application of the technologies under the GDPR.
Helpfully the opinion covers various workplace monitoring scenarios looking at the risks that today’s technologies present to employee privacy as well as the proportionality considerations including in relation to ICT usage both in and outside the workplace, time and attendance, vehicle use and wearable technology. These are helpful reading for employers wanting to get an understanding of the standards expected by the various regulatory bodies in protecting employee privacy.
The scenario on monitoring home and remote working, for example, acknowledges that this type of working presents an increased risk of unauthorised access to confidential information or a personal data breach which an employer would need to consider and address. The use, however, of all-encompassing monitoring software that logs keystrokes and mouse movements, enables webcams and logs applications used would likely be an excessive approach to mitigating this risk. Broadly, where technical methods can be used to prevent misuse or unauthorised access occurring in the first place, these should be deployed in preference to using widespread monitoring to detect it after the event.
So this means…
AI will transform the workplace bringing many benefits for not only an employer, but also its workforce. However, to ensure overall justification for its use in the context of monitoring an employer will need to identify, consider and communicate specifically:
- what monitoring it intends to carry out
- what it will do with the results;
- the benefits and drawbacks for the business and the employees; and
- the security around the information obtained. | <urn:uuid:868090eb-c978-420d-9b4e-d50e59c9728a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cms.law/en/aut/publication/monitoring-employee-behaviour-through-ai | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940128 | 1,076 | 1.929688 | 2 |
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America's sole official side event at COP23 has attempted to present fossil fuels as a solution to climate change. This was largely ridiculed - but could cleaner fossil fuels be a realistic prospect?
The official US delegation has been conspicuous in its absence at COP23. At its sole side event, US delegates promoted "clean" fossil fuels as a solution to reduce emissions.
First announced under the title "Action on Spurring Innovation and Deploying Advanced Technologies," the event was finally presented as "The Role of Cleaner and More Efficient Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power in Climate Mitigation."
Governor of California Jerry Brown ridiculed his country's attempt at caring for the planet, while dozens of environmental activists who crashed the event chanted "Keep it in the ground" over the speech of Barry Worthington, executive director of the United States Energy Association.
They say that promoting cleaner fossil fuels is merely an excuse to keep profiting from fossil fuel industries, while slowing down the transition towards renewable energies.
"Events inside the climate talks which promote fossil fuels deserve to get disrupted," said Jogada Munic, Friends of the Earth (FoE) director for Europe. "The US has been deliberately provocative by organizing this. There is no space for fossil fuels in these talks or in a climate safe future."
But is there is a point in this discussion? Since we might be dependent on fossil fuels for much longer than hoped, wouldn't it be better to at least make them cleaner? And yet, is "clean fossil fuels" an oxymoron?
Tobacco at a cancer summit
"This panel is only controversial if we choose to bury our heads in the sand and ignore the realities of the global energy system," David Barks, special assistant for the White House, said in his opening speech.
Universal access to energy is required to help eradicate poverty and reach development goals – and this is only possible with fossil fuels, he argued.
"The idea that the world can meet ambitious mitigation goals, support development in poor countries the way we should, and ensure energy access by only deploying solar and wind is naive," Barks said.
But for California's Jerry Brown, this US move is simply ridiculous.
"I think the federal government is treading water. They've kind of become like Saturday Night Live, or a comedy program," Brown told DW.
"They're bringing in a coal company to teach the Europeans how to clean up the environment."
For environmental activists, the event is a clear response to US President Donald Trump's support for the fossil fuels industry.
Cleaner fossil fuels?
Representatives from giant energy companies such as Peabody Energy Corporation – the largest private-sector coal company in the world – at the side event presented ways to realize the ideal of cleaner fossil fuels.
"There are technologies available today that can dramatically reduce emissions from coal and other fossil fuels," Holly Krutka, vice president of coal generation and emissions technologies with Peabody, said.
The main steps to make fossil fuels "greener" are to install high-efficiency, low-emissions systems in power plants, and upgrade the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process – capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from large emitters such as coal power plants, and then storing it in a deposit to prevent it from entering the atmosphere.
However, Naomi Ages, the climate liability project lead at Greenpeace USA, believes "there is no such thing as cleaner fossil fuels." This is simply a strategy developed by the fossil fuel industry to slow the transition from coal, she said.
CCS and similar technological processes do not ensure the reduction of emissions at the required level – and are a waste of resources that would be better invested in scaling up renewable energies and replacing fossil fuels as fast as possible, Ages argued.
Read more: Can we live in a world without fossil fuels?
What future for fossil fuels?
A team of international researchers at Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland released information at COP23 that a full decarbonization of the electricity system by 2050 is possible.
By using renewables for the electricity system alone, emissions could drop 80 percent by 2030. Although many would lose their jobs in fossil fuel industries, renewable ernergies would create twice as many new jobs, according to their findings.
"The energy transition is no longer a question of technical feasibility or economic viability, rather of political will," said Christian Breyer, head of the research team.
Although industries like shipping, iron or cement still represent the greatest challenge in terms of moving to a 100-percent renewable energy system, Ages believes this could be overcome with further investment and more ambitious policies – again, boiling down to political will.
Christoph Weber, a professor of management science and energy economics at the University of Duisburg-Essen, in Germany, maintains that renewable energies will play a decisive role in the upcoming decades – but leaving fossil fuels behind will not be easy, nor fast.
"Fossil fuels will surely not help us solve our climate problems, but for now we should consider all available options - including CCS - if we want to keep global warming below 2 degrees [Celsius]," Weber said.
Just a hoax? Why mitigate?
For protesters who gathered inside and outside the event, there was clearly no future for fossil fuels, and they wanted to stand up to fossil fuel lobbyists, and prevent them from overshadowing the climate talks.
Some of them joked: Why would any US official delegate want to mitigate climate change if it were just a hoax?
"The Trump Administration should be held criminally accountable for what they are doing in the US and around the world," said Karen Orenstein, Friends of the Earth's US economic policy director, adding that President Trump had just "traipsed" through Asia "peddling climate pollution."
"Trump's actions demonstrate callous disregard - and possibly even genuine malevolence - toward people in poor countries, whose lives and livelihoods have been threatened, diminished, and in some cases destroyed by the devastating effects of climate change," Orenstein said. | <urn:uuid:af811f49-1b09-4493-9b95-e1844db75e25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dw.com/en/cop23-us-promotes-coal-at-bonn-climate-conference/a-41368248 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953721 | 1,281 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Vancouver’s Mayor Gregor Robertson never thought the city’s housing affordability crisis, driven by foreign money, would get so bad . If only someone had warned him. It’s downright tragic. Robertson is right that things have got very, very ugly since he moved in to City Hall in 2008, though it’s not all (or even mostly), his fault. Prices have exploded. More than 90 per cent of Vancouver’s detached homes cost beyond C$1 million, even though the city’s household incomes are among the lowest in Canada . The benchmark price for all housing kinds across the wider Metro Vancouver region is C$919,300, by far the highest in the country. The average detached price in the City of Vancouver itself? An astonishing C$2.6 million. In an interview with the Guardian published this week, Robertson says he “wouldn’t have dreamed the crisis would get this intense” over the past six years, blaming “global capital”, as well as the federal and provincial governments not doing enough. He almost comes off as an heroic figure in the battle for housing affordability, joining a “global cadre of mayors squaring off against superheated housing markets to ensure that middle- and low-income earners have a place to call home”. Robertson describes city-level governments “dealing with chaos on our streets and people struggling to find a place to live”. Housing superfriends unite! Call in the Mayorvengers! Something is grotesquely wrong with Vancouver’s housing market and the time for denialism is over The inconvenient truth, of course, is that alarm bells have been ringing about foreign money and Vancouver’s housing crisis for ages. And it was a lot more recently than six years ago that Robertson had been ignoring the claxon. Not just ignoring it, but throwing a blanket over it, trying to kick out the plug and calling it a racist. It was only one year ago that the mayor tried to swat away housing researcher Andy Yan - who highlighted the massive role of foreign and recent immigrant buyers from China in some segments of the market - for his work’s supposed “racist tones”. In an environment like Vancouver - which deservedly prides itself on diversity and inclusivity and has a major ethnic Chinese population - such an assertion was like Kryptonite. Yan, himself an ethnic Chinese Vancouverite whose grandfather paid the racist anti-Chinese head tax, was infuriated by the slander. But nowadays, the mayor is all about the pernicious impact of foreign money, or “global capital” as he prefers to call it. How times have changed. Ethnic Chinese housing researcher defends work, as Vancouver’s white mayor cries ‘racist’ Robertson started talking about how “unregulated, speculative global capital” had detached housing prices from local Vancouver incomes only as recently as June this year, or thereabouts. He has since used the “global capital” line in a series of op-eds and interviews. If only someone had warned him sooner. But what you hear depends which way you turn your head. The very first Hongcouver blog, published almost exactly three years ago, took Robertson to task for branding concerns about mainland Chinese money ‘ridiculous’ I wonder where Vancouver would be if Robertson had swivelled his ears not towards the real estate development industry that helped fund his political ambitions, but instead towards the likes of Professor David Ley. Perhaps the most renowned geographer in Canada, Ley has been cranking the foreign-money siren for years, most notably with his 2010 book “Millionaire Migrants”, in which he described a 94 per cent correlation between immigration and home prices in Vancouver over a 30-year period. Robertson blames “global capital” now, but what if he had been so inclined six years ago, back when detached prices were a bit more than half what they are today? What if Robertson had caught wind of the peer-reviewed work of Markus Moos and Andrejs Skaburskis , who in 2010 described how wealthy and foreign-earning immigrants were de-coupling Vancouver’s housing market from the local economy? It’s not as if the real estate industry itself, in its more candid moments, was ignorant of the forces at play either. In its Q1 2011 sales summary, the Landcor Data Corporation, the most respected private number-cruncher in the industry, concluded that 74 per cent of luxury sales in Westside Vancouver and Richmond likely went to buyers hailing from mainland China. Why ‘non-Anglicised Chinese names’ matter in Vancouver’s housing market: No, it’s not about race In 2014, MacDonald Realty concluded that 33.5 per cent of all houses it sold in the City of Vancouver the previous year went to buyers with “mainland Chinese names”. Maybe Robertson would have been quicker to note data like this, had it not been for the pro-development Iagos dripping poison in his ears Because they were such big spenders, they represented almost half the dollar value of the detached market. MacDonald would later report that 70 per cent of all C$3million-plus sales in 2014 went to such buyers, mirroring Landcor’s data. Maybe Robertson would have been quicker to note data like this, had it not been for the pro-development Iagos dripping poison in his ears about the supposed racist intent and lack of evidence behind assertions about foreign money. But if only someone had warned him sooner, right? None of this lets provincial and federal authorities off the hook. But as the mayor of a city at the epicentre of a globally remarkable phenomenon , Robertson was uniquely placed to raise the alarm himself. Instead, a development lobby desperate to downplay the role of foreign money had the run of the city, peddling the insidious case that it was all in Vancouverites’ bigoted imagination. The great, sad, irony is that the housing crisis has gotten so bad that the risk of a genuine racist backlash is very real. I take no great satisfaction from the fact that the very first Hongcouver blog , published almost exactly three years ago, took Robertson to task for branding concerns about mainland Chinese money “ridiculous”. Robertson did not have to dream about Vancouver’s housing crisis, nor the catastrophic role of foreign money. The crisis and its causes were unfolding in plain sight for years, even as he and others squeezed their eyes wide shut. If only someone had warned him. * The Hongcouver blog is devoted to the hybrid culture of its namesake cities: Hong Kong and Vancouver. All story ideas and comments are welcome. Connect with me by email email@example.com or on Twitter, @ianjamesyoung70 . | <urn:uuid:7d341c5b-727a-485c-bf1a-2a05d29f261a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/2048798/vancouvers-mayor-never-dreamed-foreign-funded | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.973945 | 1,416 | 1.523438 | 2 |
- Install required packages
- Create some data
- Text annotations using geom_text and geom_label
- Change the text color and size by groups
- Add a text annotation at a particular coordinate
- annotation_custom : Add a static text annotation in the top-right, top-left, …
- ggrepel: Avoid overlapping of text labels
This article describes how to add a text annotation to a plot generated using ggplot2 package.
The functions below can be used :
- geom_text(): adds text directly to the plot
- geom_label(): draws a rectangle underneath the text, making it easier to read.
- annotate(): useful for adding small text annotations at a particular location on the plot
- annotation_custom(): Adds static annotations that are the same in every panel
It’s also possible to use the R package ggrepel, which is an extension and provides geom for ggplot2 to repel overlapping text labels away from each other.
We’ll start by describing how to use ggplot2 official functions for adding text annotations. In the last sections, examples using ggrepel extensions are provided.
GGPlot2 Essentials for Great Data Visualization in R
Install required packages
# Install ggplot2 install.packages("ggplot2") # Install ggrepel install.packages("ggrepel")
Create some data
We’ll use a subset of mtcars data. The function sample() can be used to randomly extract 10 rows:
# Subset 10 rows set.seed(1234) ss <- sample(1:32, 10) df <- mtcars[ss, ]
Text annotations using geom_text and geom_label
library(ggplot2) # Simple scatter plot sp <- ggplot(df, aes(wt, mpg, label = rownames(df)))+ geom_point() # Add texts sp + geom_text() # Change the size of the texts sp + geom_text(size=6) # Change vertical and horizontal adjustement sp + geom_text(hjust=0, vjust=0) # Change fontface. Allowed values : 1(normal), # 2(bold), 3(italic), 4(bold.italic) sp + geom_text(aes(fontface=2))
- Change font family
sp + geom_text(family = "Times New Roman")
- geom_label() works like geom_text() but draws a rounded rectangle underneath each label. This is useful when you want to label plots that are dense with data.
sp + geom_label()
Others useful arguments for geom_text() and geom_label() are:
- nudge_x and nudge_y: let you offset labels from their corresponding points. The function position_nudge() can be also used.
- check_overlap = TRUE: for avoiding overplotting of labels
- hjust and vjust can now be character vectors (ggplot2 v >= 2.0.0): “left”, “center”, “right”, “bottom”, “middle”, “top”. New options include “inward” and “outward” which align text towards and away from the center of the plot respectively.
Change the text color and size by groups
It’s possible to change the appearance of the texts using aesthetics (color, size,…) :
sp2 <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg, label=rownames(mtcars)))+ geom_point() # Color by groups sp2 + geom_text(aes(color=factor(cyl)))
# Set the size of the text using a continuous variable sp2 + geom_text(aes(size=wt))
# Define size range sp2 + geom_text(aes(size=wt)) + scale_size(range=c(3,6))
Add a text annotation at a particular coordinate
The functions geom_text() and annotate() can be used :
# Solution 1 sp2 + geom_text(x=3, y=30, label="Scatter plot") # Solution 2 sp2 + annotate(geom="text", x=3, y=30, label="Scatter plot", color="red")
annotation_custom : Add a static text annotation in the top-right, top-left, …
The functions annotation_custom() and textGrob() are used to add static annotations which are the same in every panel.The grid package is required :
library(grid) # Create a text grob <- grobTree(textGrob("Scatter plot", x=0.1, y=0.95, hjust=0, gp=gpar(col="red", fontsize=13, fontface="italic"))) # Plot sp2 + annotation_custom(grob)
Facet : In the plot below, the annotation is at the same place (in each facet) even if the axis scales vary.
sp2 + annotation_custom(grob)+facet_wrap(~cyl, scales="free")
ggrepel: Avoid overlapping of text labels
There are two important functions in ggrepel R packages:
Scatter plots with text annotations
We start by creating a simple scatter plot using a subset of the mtcars data set containing 15 rows.
- Prepare some data:
# Take a subset of 15 random points set.seed(1234) ss <- sample(1:32, 15) df <- mtcars[ss, ]
- Create a scatter plot:
p <- ggplot(df, aes(wt, mpg)) + geom_point(color = 'red') + theme_classic(base_size = 10)
- Add text labels:
# Add text annotations using ggplot2::geom_text p + geom_text(aes(label = rownames(df)), size = 3.5)
# Use ggrepel::geom_text_repel require("ggrepel") set.seed(42) p + geom_text_repel(aes(label = rownames(df)), size = 3.5)
# Use ggrepel::geom_label_repel and # Change color by groups set.seed(42) p + geom_label_repel(aes(label = rownames(df), fill = factor(cyl)), color = 'white', size = 3.5) + theme(legend.position = "bottom")
genes <- read.table("https://gist.githubusercontent.com/stephenturner/806e31fce55a8b7175af/raw/1a507c4c3f9f1baaa3a69187223ff3d3050628d4/results.txt", header = TRUE) genes$Significant <- ifelse(genes$padj < 0.05, "FDR < 0.05", "Not Sig") ggplot(genes, aes(x = log2FoldChange, y = -log10(pvalue))) + geom_point(aes(color = Significant)) + scale_color_manual(values = c("red", "grey")) + theme_bw(base_size = 12) + theme(legend.position = "bottom") + geom_text_repel( data = subset(genes, padj < 0.05), aes(label = Gene), size = 5, box.padding = unit(0.35, "lines"), point.padding = unit(0.3, "lines") )
This analysis has been performed using R software (ver. 3.2.4) and ggplot2 (ver. )
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The rigorous challenges the Little Prince must face in Le Petit Prince, written by Antoine de Saint-Exupery, will change how he sees the rest of the world and views life. The challenges not only affect him, they affect everyone he meets and everyone that reads this story. He is a kind hearted boy who wants to get away from a rose he loves. As he travels and meets people he realizes he does miss his rose and his planet. The Little Prince learns many things during his travels that really make him grow up quickly. He is already in charge of his own planet, but he has not truly learned the lessons of life.
My favorite quote in the whole book is in Chapter 21 when the little Prince is saying goodbye to the fox. The fox says; “It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye. ” What he is saying is that beauty is not everything, what is on the inside truly matters. This quotation really helps me look at what is important. It is not about how nice of clothes a person has, or how their hair is styled, it is about how they view life and what they believe in. “All the men have the stars, but they are not the same things for different people. This quotation in chapter 26 relates to how the little Prince feels about his rose. She may not be one of a kind and the most beautiful rose, but she is his rose. The Prince cares for her, because of who she is deep down. He also cares for the narrator. The Little Prince wants to see the narrator be successful like when he encouraged him to fix his plane and to go back home. Also, to live his life to the fullest, and not to look with the eyes, but to look with the heart. The Little prince loves his flower with a love that cannot be described with words; it is a love that can be felt. That is why the little Prince must go back to her.
He loves her. He enjoys the narrator’s presence, but misses everything about his rose and now knows how to look at her, and handle her. The way the Little Prince dies is can be viewed as suicide to some because of the fact that he wants to die. But, he only wants to die so he can be with his flower and his home. He has a reason to go. To be home. The Prince is a young boy who knows lots of people, but is alone. The Little Prince is alone because he doesn’t get to know anyone on a deep level. He judges them before he gets to know them. But, doesn’t everyone do that? Does anyone really know who anybody is? | <urn:uuid:ba2a50c6-78ed-4d05-b12d-5b1617d60181> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://writingservice.net/get-answer-le-petit-prince/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.987981 | 559 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Phytoremediation technologies use living plants to clean up soil, air, and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants. It is defined as "the use of green plants and the associated microorganisms, along with proper soil amendments and agronomic techniques to either contain, remove or render toxic environmental contaminants harmless". The term is an amalgam of the Greek phyto (plant) and Latin remedium (restoring balance). Although attractive for its cost, phytoremediation has not been demonstrated to redress any significant environmental challenge to the extent that contaminated space has been reclaimed.
Phytoremediation is proposed as a cost-effective plant-based approach of environmental remediation that takes advantage of the ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to detoxify various compounds. The concentrating effect results from the ability of certain plants called hyperaccumulators to bioaccumulate chemicals. The remediation effect is quite different. Toxic heavy metals cannot be degraded, but organic pollutants can be, and are generally the major targets for phytoremediation. Several field trials confirmed the feasibility of using plants for environmental cleanup.
Other methods of soil remediation are very expensive because they require a much more complicated process. The contaminated soil would need to be removed, sent to a laboratory to be cleansed on the toxic metals and then brought back to the site from which it was extracted. Phytoremediation is a more cost effective solution. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. This technology has been increasingly investigated and employed at sites with soils contaminated heavy metals like with cadmium, lead, aluminum, arsenic and antimony. These metals can cause oxidative stress in plants, destroy cell membrane integrity, interfere with nutrient uptake, inhibit photosynthesis and decrease plant chlorophyll.
Phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Contaminants such as metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, and crude oil and its derivatives, have been mitigated in phytoremediation projects worldwide. Many plants such as mustard plants, alpine pennycress, hemp, and pigweed have proven to be successful at hyperaccumulating contaminants at toxic waste sites.
Not all plants are able to accumulate heavy metals or organics pollutants due to differences in the physiology of the plant. Even cultivars within the same species have varying abilities to accumulate pollutants.
Advantages and limitationsEdit
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2020)
- the cost of the phytoremediation is lower than that of traditional processes[which?] both in situ and ex situ
- the possibility of the recovery and re-use of valuable metals (by companies specializing in "phyto mining")
- it preserves the topsoil, maintaining the fertility of the soil
- Increase soil health, yield, and plant phytochemicals
- the use of plants also reduces erosion and metal leaching in the soil
- phytoremediation is limited to the surface area and depth occupied by the roots.
- with plant-based systems of remediation, it is not possible to completely prevent the leaching of contaminants into the groundwater (without the complete removal of the contaminated ground, which in itself does not resolve the problem of contamination)
- the survival of the plants is affected by the toxicity of the contaminated land and the general condition of the soil
- bio-accumulation of contaminants, especially metals, into the plants can effect consumer products like food and cosmetics, and requires the safe disposal of the affected plant material
- when taking up heavy metals, sometimes the metal is bound to the soil organic matter, which makes it unavailable for the plant to extract
A range of processes mediated by plants or algae are tested in treating environmental problems:
Phytoextraction (or phytoaccumulation or phytosequestration) exploits the ability of plants or algae to remove contaminants from soil or water into harvestable plant biomass. The roots take up substances from the soil or water and concentrate it above ground in the plant biomass Organisms that can uptake high amounts of contaminants are called hyperaccumulators. Phytoextraction can also be performed by plants (e.g. Populus and Salix) that take up lower levels of pollutants, but due to their high growth rate and biomass production, may remove a considerable amount of contaminants from the soil. Phytoextraction has been growing rapidly in popularity worldwide for the last twenty years or so. Typically, phytoextraction is used for heavy metals or other inorganics. At the time of disposal, contaminants are typically concentrated in the much smaller volume of the plant matter than in the initially contaminated soil or sediment. After harvest, a lower level of the contaminant will remain in the soil, so the growth/harvest cycle must usually be repeated through several crops to achieve a significant cleanup. After the process, the soil is remediated.
Of course many pollutants kill plants, so phytoremediation is not a panacea. For example, chromium is toxic to most higher plants at concentrations above 100 μM·kg−1 dry weight.
Mining of these extracted metals through phytomining is a conceivable way of recovering the material. Hyperaccumulating plants are often metallophyte. Induced or assisted phytoextraction is a process where a conditioning fluid containing a chelator or another agent is added to soil to increase metal solubility or mobilization so that the plants can absorb them more easily. While such additives can increase metal uptake by plants, they can also lead to large amounts of available metals in the soil beyond what the plants are able to translocate, causing potential leaching into the subsoil or groundwater.
Examples of plants that are known to accumulate the following contaminants:
- Arsenic, using the sunflower (Helianthus annuus), or the Chinese Brake fern (Pteris vittata).
- Cadmium, using willow (Salix viminalis): In 1999, one research experiment performed by Maria Greger and Tommy Landberg suggested willow has a significant potential as a phytoextractor of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), as willow has some specific characteristics like high transport capacity of heavy metals from root to shoot and huge amount of biomass production; can be used also for production of bio energy in the biomass energy power plant.
- Cadmium and zinc, using alpine pennycress (Thlaspi caerulescens), a hyperaccumulator of these metals at levels that would be toxic to many plants. Specifically, pennycress leaves accumulate up to 380 mg/kg Cd. On the other hand, the presence of copper seems to impair its growth (see table for reference).
- Chromium is toxic to most plants. However, tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) show some promise.
- Lead, using Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), or poplar trees, which sequester lead in their biomass.
- Salt-tolerant (moderately halophytic) barley and/or sugar beets are commonly used for the extraction of sodium chloride (common salt) to reclaim fields that were previously flooded by sea water.
- Caesium-137 and strontium-90 were removed from a pond using sunflowers after the Chernobyl accident.
- Mercury, selenium and organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been removed from soils by transgenic plants containing genes for bacterial enzymes.
Phytostabilization reduces the mobility of substances in the environment, for example, by limiting the leaching of substances from the soil. It focuses on the long term stabilization and containment of the pollutant. The plant immobilizes the pollutants by binding them to soil particles making them less available for plant or human uptake. Unlike phytoextraction, phytostabilization focuses mainly on sequestering pollutants in soil near the roots but not in plant tissues. Pollutants become less bioavailable, resulting in reduced exposure. The plants can also excrete a substance that produces a chemical reaction, converting the heavy metal pollutant into a less toxic form. Stabilization results in reduced erosion, runoff, leaching, in addition to reducing the bioavailability of the contaminant. An example application of phytostabilization is using a vegetative cap to stabilize and contain mine tailings. Some soil amendments decrease radiosource mobility – while at some concentrations the same amendments will increase mobility. Vidal et al. 2000 find the root mats of meadow grasses are effective at demobilising radiosource materials especially with certain combinations of other agricultural practices. Vidal also find that the particular grass mix makes a significant difference.
Phytodegradation (also called phytotransformation) uses plants or microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants in the soil or within the body of the plant. The organic compounds are broken down by enzymes that the plant roots secrete and these molecules are then taken up by the plant and released through transpiration. This process works best with organic contaminants like herbicides, trichloroethylene, and methyl tert-butyl ether.
Phytotransformation results in the chemical modification of environmental substances as a direct result of plant metabolism, often resulting in their inactivation, degradation (phytodegradation), or immobilization (phytostabilization). In the case of organic pollutants, such as pesticides, explosives, solvents, industrial chemicals, and other xenobiotic substances, certain plants, such as Cannas, render these substances non-toxic by their metabolism. In other cases, microorganisms living in association with plant roots may metabolize these substances in soil or water. These complex and recalcitrant compounds cannot be broken down to basic molecules (water, carbon-dioxide, etc.) by plant molecules, and, hence, the term phytotransformation represents a change in chemical structure without complete breakdown of the compound. The term "Green Liver" is used to describe phytotransformation, as plants behave analogously to the human liver when dealing with these xenobiotic compounds (foreign compound/pollutant). After uptake of the xenobiotics, plant enzymes increase the polarity of the xenobiotics by adding functional groups such as hydroxyl groups (-OH).
This is known as Phase I metabolism, similar to the way that the human liver increases the polarity of drugs and foreign compounds (drug metabolism). Whereas in the human liver enzymes such as cytochrome P450s are responsible for the initial reactions, in plants enzymes such as peroxidases, phenoloxidases, esterases and nitroreductases carry out the same role.
In the second stage of phytotransformation, known as Phase II metabolism, plant biomolecules such as glucose and amino acids are added to the polarized xenobiotic to further increase the polarity (known as conjugation). This is again similar to the processes occurring in the human liver where glucuronidation (addition of glucose molecules by the UGT class of enzymes, e.g. UGT1A1) and glutathione addition reactions occur on reactive centres of the xenobiotic.
Phase I and II reactions serve to increase the polarity and reduce the toxicity of the compounds, although many exceptions to the rule are seen. The increased polarity also allows for easy transport of the xenobiotic along aqueous channels.
In the final stage of phytotransformation (Phase III metabolism), a sequestration of the xenobiotic occurs within the plant. The xenobiotics polymerize in a lignin-like manner and develop a complex structure that is sequestered in the plant. This ensures that the xenobiotic is safely stored, and does not affect the functioning of the plant. However, preliminary studies have shown that these plants can be toxic to small animals (such as snails), and, hence, plants involved in phytotransformation may need to be maintained in a closed enclosure.
Hence, the plants reduce toxicity (with exceptions) and sequester the xenobiotics in phytotransformation. Trinitrotoluene phytotransformation has been extensively researched and a transformation pathway has been proposed.
Phytostimulation (or rhizodegradation) is the enhancement of soil microbial activity for the degradation of organic contaminants, typically by organisms that associate with roots. This process occurs within the rhizosphere, which is the layer of soil that surrounds the roots. Plants release carbohydrates and acids that stimulate microorganism activity which results in the biodegradation of the organic contaminants. This means that the microorganisms are able to digest and break down the toxic substances into harmless form. Phytostimulation has been shown to be effective in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons, PCBs, and PAHs. Phytostimulation can also involve aquatic plants supporting active populations of microbial degraders, as in the stimulation of atrazine degradation by hornwort.
Phytovolatilization is the removal of substances from soil or water with release into the air, sometimes as a result of phytotransformation to more volatile and/or less polluting substances. In this process, contaminants are taken up by the plant and through transpiration, evaporate into the atmosphere. This is the most studied form of phytovolatilization, where volatilization occurs at the stem and leaves of the plant, however indirect phytovolatilization occurs when contaminants are volatilized from the root zone. Selenium (Se) and Mercury (Hg) are often removed from soil through phytovolatilization. Poplar trees are one of the most successful plants for removing VOCs through this process due to its high transpiration rate.
Rhizofiltration is a process that filters water through a mass of roots to remove toxic substances or excess nutrients. The pollutants remain absorbed in or adsorbed to the roots. This process is often used to clean up contaminated groundwater through planting directly in the contaminated site or through removing the contaminated water and providing it to these plants in an off-site location. In either case though, typically plants are first grown in a greenhouse under precise conditions.
Biological hydraulic containmentEdit
Biological hydraulic containment occurs when some plants, like poplars, draw water upwards through the soil into the roots and out through the plant, which decreases the movement of soluble contaminants downwards, deeper into the site and into the groundwater.
Phytodesalination uses halophytes (plants adapted to saline soil) to extract salt from the soil to improve its fertility.
Role of geneticsEdit
Breeding programs and genetic engineering are powerful methods for enhancing natural phytoremediation capabilities, or for introducing new capabilities into plants. Genes for phytoremediation may originate from a micro-organism or may be transferred from one plant to another variety better adapted to the environmental conditions at the cleanup site. For example, genes encoding a nitroreductase from a bacterium were inserted into tobacco and showed faster removal of TNT and enhanced resistance to the toxic effects of TNT. Researchers have also discovered a mechanism in plants that allows them to grow even when the pollution concentration in the soil is lethal for non-treated plants. Some natural, biodegradable compounds, such as exogenous polyamines, allow the plants to tolerate concentrations of pollutants 500 times higher than untreated plants, and to absorb more pollutants.
Hyperaccumulators and biotic interactionsEdit
A plant is said to be a hyperaccumulator if it can concentrate the pollutants in a minimum percentage which varies according to the pollutant involved (for example: more than 1000 mg/kg of dry weight for nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium or lead; or more than 10,000 mg/kg for zinc or manganese). This capacity for accumulation is due to hypertolerance, or phytotolerance: the result of adaptative evolution from the plants to hostile environments through many generations. A number of interactions may be affected by metal hyperaccumulation, including protection, interferences with neighbour plants of different species, mutualism (including mycorrhizae, pollen and seed dispersal), commensalism, and biofilm.
Tables of hyperaccumulatorsEdit
As plants are able to translocate and accumulate particular types of contaminants, plants can be used as biosensors of subsurface contamination, thereby allowing investigators to quickly delineate contaminant plumes. Chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene, have been observed in tree trunks at concentrations related to groundwater concentrations. To ease field implementation of phytoscreening, standard methods have been developed to extract a section of the tree trunk for later laboratory analysis, often by using an increment borer. Phytoscreening may lead to more optimized site investigations and reduce contaminated site cleanup costs.
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- Using Plants To Clean Up Soils — from Agricultural Research magazine
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Over the years, women in various trades have encountered significant safety hazards. For many, these circumstances existed because personal protective equipment (PPE) didn't fit female employees correctly. It wasn't until 1999 that OSHA decided it was time for manufacturers to make some changes.
Fortunately, improvements in PPE have been making a significant impact on how well women fit into their gear — and the construction work culture as a whole. As the number of women in construction grows, it's essential to take a look at how far PPE has come.
The Effects of Poor PPE
When women began to enter craft professions during World War II, they quickly realized the gear they needed to wear wasn't adequate. At the time, this situation made sense — up until that point, males dominated these positions. There wasn't much for these women to do in wartime, so they had to grin and bear it.
For decades, women wore large coveralls and massive glasses that impacted their work. This gear was also a safety hazard — PPE that doesn't fit is awkward, which makes it hard for the individual to concentrate. As men arrived at job sites and completed their duties, their female counterparts ended up dealing with a whole lot more.
Without the correct gear, professionals put themselves at risk. Hats that don't fit properly can fall off, while eyewear is only useful if it's secured snugly on the face. The same goes for footwear. In a 2006 survey, a female sawmill worker reported she had to wear men's boots, so she suffered from cuts and blisters. She tripped as she walked, and the steel toe of the boot didn't shield the tops of her feet.
That's only one example of how inadequate PPE impacts a woman in her daily work. Safety is a must on all job sites — female employees must be able to complete their tasks without risk of injury.
PPE in the Modern Era
Now that more than 1 million women work in the construction industry, the right PPE must be available. Thankfully, over the past 20 years, many organizations have made it a point to advocate for female construction workers.
Today, manufacturers are aware that men and women require different types of apparel. As such, they've begun to make PPE specifically designed to suit a range of body types and sizes. Because of this, female employees have more choice and say in the matter. This wide selection allows every individual the opportunity to find that perfect fit.
These options include eye, face, head and hand protection, as well as footwear — all of which are necessary to achieve a safe and productive work environment. Newer PPE even comes in several designs and colors. Many men and women alike in the field appreciate this factor, as it allows for self-expression.
However, even though better PPE exists, some supervisors don't know to make it a priority. This is where improved safety training and educational initiatives can make a difference for construction teams. If supervisors are unaware of women’s specific safety needs or team members are uncomfortable coming forward with concerns, then the information gap can prevent positive change.
The Future of PPE
The International Safety Equipment Association, in coordination with OSHA, now wants to pave a new path for PPE for women. The goal is to make it more universal and accessible. This way, female employees will become comfortable enough to wear it — and they'll know it exists in the first place.
Currently, there are several types of PPE made for women in the construction industry. But there's still room for improvement. Manufacturers, along with business owners, should make it their mission to accommodate the growing number of women in the field. Supervisors then have to provide this gear to their workers, or at least tell them it's an option.
Work environments should change, as well. As the number of women in all trades increases every year, this is a must. As a result of better work cultures, women can recognize the resources available within their workplaces. They'll also feel included in the ongoings of the workplace. These efforts will ensure that every employee can do their job well regardless of gender.
All Workers Need Personal Protection
Female-specific PPE has indeed come a long way. What used to be a male-dominated workforce now sees more and more women every year. To accommodate them, manufacturers, organizations and employers have come together to make improvements.
The future of women in construction relies on PPE as a means to keep them safe. Fortunately, the industry has come a long way in the past few decades to improve job site safety for every worker. | <urn:uuid:b3c5116c-c1e2-4f7e-af5a-171b8988e5cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nccer.org/news-research/newsroom/BlogPost/breaking-ground-the-nccer-blog/2020/03/05/how-improved-ppe-impacts-construction-safety-for-women | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.976147 | 946 | 3.046875 | 3 |
The Role Of Aromatherapy Oils In A Swedish Massage Therapy Session
For a lot of years, massage therapy has been used for relief of many different ailments. As more is learned about the positive advantages of massage therapy, the industry is getting aggressive. There are so many different kinds of massage so that it's easy to get confused about what type is right for you. This report aims to help you decide what type of massage is most appropriate for you.
One of the most popular forms of massage treatment is massage. Aromatherapy uses essential oils or scented oils that are placed on the skin to help relax the body. Aromatherapy helps increase circulation to the affected area, and it often helps to excite certain muscles. It might also help to reduce pain and tension.
Many massage therapists provide aromatherapy massage on a regular basis. Aromatherapy essential oils are created from plants which have natural calming and therapeutic properties. They are made from the essential oils of Lavender, Basil, Peppermint, Chamomile, Neroli, and Eucalyptus. Each plant differs and may contain different quantities and advantages of essential oils. Just like any sort of massage therapy, you should always ask your physician prior to applying any essential oils into your skin.
Aromatherapy is a natural way to ease tension, muscle tension and anxiety. Aromatherapy essential oils help to relieve tension, muscle strain and anxiety. Aromatherapy massage might be recommended to help alleviate stress headaches. Massage therapists who specialize in aromatherapy massage may be able to recommend products for you to use to enhance your massage experience. You might choose to find massage therapists who offer special aromatherapy massage.
A blend therapist offers a deeper massage which utilizes essential oils as well as massage therapy techniques. A blend therapist can use massage therapy techniques like Swedish, shiatsu, reflexology and acupuncture. A blend therapist uses only the ends of her fingers to massage the skin.
Massage therapy may offer relief to muscle strain. When muscles become inflamed, they get sore and stiff. Aromatherapy is an excellent way to alleviate muscle soreness or pain. Aromatherapy supplies a curative essence which may lower the pain felt by the massage therapy.
During pregnancy, your skin changes considerably. This will make it difficult for you to ascertain what massage therapy is greatest during this time. Do a little research online or speak with your healthcare provider. Find out what kinds of massage therapists are available for you in your area. Many times a massage therapist may recommend that you use aromatherapy massage. You may need to inquire about using this type of massage through your pregnancy massage therapy.
Aromatherapy massage is excellent to offer your body with all the essential oils that help decrease pain and swelling. Essential oils are concentrated plant oils and essential oils would be the"essence" of plants and creatures. There's a wide array of essential oils out there. A number of the more common essential oils include; geranium, vanilla, vanilla, rose, sandalwood and ylang-ylang. Each these oils are beneficial and can be used together or independently.
Throughout your Swedish massage therapy treatment, you will be applied to a specific mix of essential oils to deal with certain areas of the body. 서울출장마사지 These regions will usually focus on the trunk, shoulders, neck, shoulders and mind. The mix of oils used will supply your entire body that has a good massage. When selecting your carrier oil, be sure that it is compatible with the crucial oils you will be applying. A good example is if your carrier oil isn't a natural essential oil, then it might counteract the effect of these essential oils. The carrier oil should also encourage relaxation and help relieve anxiety.
During your Swedish massage treatment, the massage therapist will often ask you to lie down on a massage table. They will then use their hands to apply massage oils to several parts of your body. Make sure you choose oils that are safe to use on your skin. A few of the oils used during Swedish massage treatments are: soybean oil, almond oil, avocado oil, jojoba oil, jojoba oil and peppermint oil. Some people today prefer to use different kinds of oils during their Swedish massage sessions like Rosemary oil, lavender oil or olive oil. You can even decide to incorporate essential oils to your massage oils to enhance the effects of the massage oil.
You may apply your own preferred massage treatment oil into the skin or have the therapist do it for you. If you have your own favorite massage treatment oil, then it will be able to help you calm down quicker throughout the massage treatment session. Most therapists recommend the best time to employ massage oils is before the client gets out of their seats or lying . The concept is to get them warm up their body first before employing any petroleum. You might even use aromatherapy essential oils throughout your Swedish massage therapy session. These oils include specific ingredients which help unwind and rejuvenate the mind and body.
Aromatherapy essential oils can be used through Swedish massage sessions to relieve tension and calm the brain. Some of those scents include lavender, chamomile, geranium, vanilla, Rosemary and ylang-ylang. They've soothing and healing properties which may offer a nice relief from stress and tension. It's important that you choose the best essential oils for the kind of massage that you want to get to so you can get maximum benefits. | <urn:uuid:bb1c6713-0d14-4f44-aa8c-677a019835e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://massage6amulosjoqr.timeforchangecounselling.com/a-beginner-s-guide-to-seoulchuljang | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936581 | 1,140 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Webinar – The Hidden Costs of Supply Chain Unpredictability
Supply chain disruption is a reality that every company encounters. The coronavirus outbreak is just the latest example of volatility and unpredictability in the manufacturing world, and there will always be more to come.
Traditional supply chains are outdated and unprepared to deal with the volatility of the world. According to a recent study, 61% of companies say that risks to supply chains have increased over the last year, yet only 14% of companies are adequately moving supply lines based on expected and unexpected risks. Why are companies not planning for disruption? How should they be thinking about a more modernized supply chain, and what steps can they take to get there?
Fictiv are excited to host a live webinar on March 12th bringing together industry experts to answer the pressing questions that every company should be asking. Join Fictiv’s Chief Operating Officer, Jean Olivieri, Supply Chain Resources Group Founder, Ron Keith, and supply chain and manufacturing journalist, Philip Stoten, as they walk through the costs of unpreparedness, mitigating business risk, and building a supply chain for the future.
Register here and send in your questions to get the details you need to plan for unpredictability. | <urn:uuid:89293950-641f-47c2-a107-9ee2875b9df1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emsnow.com/webinar-the-hidden-costs-of-supply-chain-unpredictability/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950778 | 256 | 1.554688 | 2 |
During cataract surgery, high-tech acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) are implanted in the eye to replace the cataract – the natural lens that has become yellow and cloudy over time. At one time, these IOL implants were unable to correct astigmatism and were only able to correct for distance vision, leaving patients dependent on reading glasses for any near tasks such as reading, using a cell phone or working on a computer. Thus, early lens implants could not correct astigmatism and were “monofocal,” meaning that they had only one focal point and could not adjust to varying distances.
New advances in IOL technology have allowed for the development of the AcrySof Toric IOL, which corrects astigmatism, the AcrySof PanOptix multifocal IOL, which lets patients see clearly at all distances, and the extended depth of focus (EDOF) AcrySof Vivity IOL, which improves intermediate and near vision. The multifocal AcrySof PanOptix IOL and extended depth of focus AcrySof Vivity IOL can also correct astigmatism when it is present.
Distance and Details
Premium high-tech IOL implants are ideal for cataract patients who want to minimize their dependence on eyeglasses – patients who want to participate in leisure activities and sports without the hassle and inconvenience of eyeglasses. When undergoing laser cataract surgery, Dr. Hirschfeld and his team will work with each patient to determine which lens is best to reduce each patient’s reliance on eyeglasses so that they can enjoy long-lasting, clear vision. | <urn:uuid:c216934e-f719-4506-81cd-438d80737b33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eyedocnj.com/services-and-conditions/premium-iols/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945253 | 370 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Standardized, Interdepartmental, Simulation-Based Central Line Insertion Course Closes an Educational Gap and Improves Intern Comfort with the Procedure.
Central line placement is a common procedure, routinely performed by junior residents in medical and surgical departments. Before this project, no standardized instructional course on the insertion of central lines existed at our institution, and few interns had received formal ultrasound training. Interns from five departments participated in a simulation-based central line insertion course. Intern familiarity with the procedure and with ultrasound, as well as their prior experience with line placement and their level of comfort, was assessed. Of the 99 interns in participating departments, 45 per cent had been trained as of October 2015. Forty-one per cent were female. The majority (59.5%) had no prior formal ultrasound training, and 46.0 per cent had never placed a line as primary operator. Scores increased significantly, from a precourse score mean of 13.7 to a postcourse score mean of 16.1, P < 0.001. All three of the self-reported measures of comfort with ultrasound also improved significantly. All interns reported the course was "very much" helpful, and 100 per cent reported they felt "somewhat" or "much" more comfortable with the procedure after attendance. To our knowledge, this is the first hospital-wide, standardized, simulation-based central line insertion course in the United States. Preliminary results indicate overwhelming satisfaction with the course, better ultrasound preparedness, and improved comfort with central line insertion.
Grudziak, J; Herndon, B; Dancel, RD; Arora, H; Tignanelli, CJ; Phillips, MR; Crowner, JR; True, NA; Kiser, AC; Brown, RF; Goodell, HP; Murty, N; Meyers, MO; Montgomery, SP
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN) | <urn:uuid:5dc8cf23-289d-4f7f-9037-e2e16439ac50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1351575 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945932 | 431 | 1.703125 | 2 |
From the mid 1950s to the mid/late 1960s, my wife regularly travelled between St Pancras and Sheffield to visit family. What steam engines and in latter years diesel engines would head up these trains?
I live near King’s Lynn and am part owner of ex BR WR diesel hydraulic shunter D9521 based at the Dean Forest Railway and also a director of the trust that owns Hunslet Austerity No. 3193 currently being restored at Yaxham, Dereham, Norfolk.
A good chunk of my (mis-spent?) youth was spent on the east end of platforms 3/4 at Cardiff General Station so my expertise such as it is would be limited to Swindon products! I’d guess that St Pancras-Sheffield would be mostly LMS/Midland region motive power but perhaps not exclusively (LNER?) and my best guess would be Jubilees/Patriots and Black 5s rather than the big beasts of the West Coast mainline. (Peter Brennan)
The mainstay of services between Sheffield and St Pancras were in the hands of Jubilees with a few Scots and Patriots thrown in. Black Fives were also quite common and the odd Standard Class 5 or Britannia. From early 1962 the Peaks had taken over, Class 45 or 46. They reigned supreme until their demise in the late 70s when the HSTs were introduced. I do recall seeing a V2 on an Up express south of Sheffield but whether this was a York to Bristol service I am not sure. The only B1s I can recall were on the occasional Hope Valley services. (Nigel Sporne 14737) | <urn:uuid:fe92828a-63f0-445b-a34b-bea9f8f3c636> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://features.rcts.org.uk/query-corner-2/2017-queries/qx17-01-locos-used-between-st-pancras-and-sheffield/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979716 | 344 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The Tennessee Wildlife Federation wants your litter pictures. Whether it’s in the woods, on the lake, along a river, or by the road, send the Federation your snapshots of the cans, bottles and outright trash that make our great outdoors a little less great.
To submit your photos and help raise awareness of Tennessee’s litter problem, visit tnwf.org/litter.
“With the unofficial start of summer, we want Tennesseans to take and share photos of all the litter they see when they are outdoors,” said Mike Butler, CEO of Tennessee Wildlife Federation. “Litter is such a big and old problem that we’ve all become blind to how much of it there is in our lives every day.”
Litter is more than an eyesore. It has real, measurable effects on Tennesseans and the state’s wildlife, water, and wild places.
The Tennessee Department of Transportation estimates there are 100 million pieces of litter on Tennessee’s roads at any given moment and that 18 percent of it will end up in waterways. The Tennessee Valley Authority removed 230 tons of trash from the Tennessee River in 2018.
Studies regularly uncover new impacts to wildlife and habitats. For example, after decades of litter that sinks in water—glass, cans, and heavier plastics, such as those used for drink bottles—the beds of our lakes and rivers are fouled, potentially impacting important habitat for native fish.
Litter costs Tennesseans millions of dollars each year to clean up and costs others even more. Farmers suffer an estimated loss of $60 million a year and litter stunts the outdoor industry, which generates $21.6 billion in economic activity for the state.
“We must make ourselves see the extent of the problem—for the economy and the environment—that’s in front of us every day. Until we do, it’s not likely we’ll get serious about finding an effective solution,” said Butler.
Go to tnwf.org/litter and share your photos. And then please pick up the trash. | <urn:uuid:62953c5f-fd17-419e-b9d3-2ec15ab7d102> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rheareview.com/show-us-your-trash/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.918983 | 438 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The stats that prove mental health needs to be made a major priority
Celebrities and politicians sign open letter to David Cameron demanding equality for mental health
A host of high-profile figures, including Emma Thompson, Danny Boyle and Justin Welby, have signed an open letter to the government demanding urgent action on mental health care.
The letter, which forms part of a wider campaign calling for parity of esteem between mental and physical health care, comes ahead of the government's planned Spending Review and calls for increased funding.
The cross-party campaign was launched by the Liberal Democrats' former mental health minister, Norman Lamb; former Labour government communications director and Time to Change ambassador Alistair Campbell; as well as former Conservative cabinet minister Andrew Mitchell.
It hopes to persuade the government to help reduce the suffering of those with mental illness by increasing investment in mental health services.
"We urge the government to seize the opportunity to end this historic injustice and commit the investment that will lead to an economically, and socially, stronger Britain," the letter concludes.
Mental health statistics in the UK
- One in four people will suffer from some kind of mental health problem
- 75 per cent of children and young people with a mental health problem receive no treatment
- People with long-term mental health conditions live on average 20 years less than the general population
- Women are more likely to develop a mental health problem than men
- Suicide remains the most common cause of death in men under 35
- 1 in 10 children have a mental health problem
- 9 out of 10 people with mental health problems experience stigma and discrimination
- The UK has one of the highest incidences of self-harm in Europe
Why the country's mental health service is in crisis
The key problem is funding. As a service, mental health care has always been chronically underfunded and an easy target for government cuts, says Sophie Corlett from the charity Mind. Mental illness accounts for roughly 23 per cent of the overall disease burden, but it only receives about five per cent of research funding.
"The number of specialist doctors and nurses has dropped and there aren't enough beds to meet demand," said Luciana Berger, who became shadow mental health minister in May. She told The Guardian: "The pressure this is putting on mental health wards is intolerable".
People are often unable to get the support they need – particularly talking therapies – and wards are running far over capacity. Patients are sometimes forced to travel hundreds of miles for treatment with "less severe" cases often left untreated. Too many mentally ill people are being "shunted around the country" in search of a bed or ending up in prison cells instead of hospital rooms, the letter says.
What more funding would mean
Campaigners say the moral and economic arguments are clear. Long-term investment in mental health services will lead to significant returns for the Exchequer, both by reducing the burden on the NHS and helping people remain in work.
But the human benefits are even greater. "I know personally the astonishing bravery that many people with mental illness show every day and the terrifying burden that they carry – and how profoundly deserving they are of any service that my tax money can afford," says signatory and screenwriter Richard Curtis. | <urn:uuid:eda43f6e-83a0-48b3-9c25-d60d74e2f807> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theweek.co.uk/60329/the-stats-that-prove-mental-health-needs-to-be-made-a-major-priority | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960755 | 660 | 2.125 | 2 |
Soldiers from Swaziland / eSwatini who are receiving military training in Russia want to go home because they are ill-treated and suffer racism.
Also, they say, the Swazi Government is slow in sending them their allowances and this makes it difficult for them to live.
The on Monday (10 December 2018) the soldiers from the Army, officially known as the Eswatini Umbutfo Defence Force (UEDF), were threatening to leave Russia and return to Swaziland. It reported the soldiers were ‘ill-treated in Russia because of the colour of their skin. Russia is one of the countries in the world that records high cases associated with racism.’
It added, ‘According to sources closer to the matter the Swazi government is not making things better for them. Amongst other things, it is said that their allowances take a significant time to be deposited into their accounts.’
It quoted an unnamed source saying, ‘Imagine living in a foreign country without money, with no relatives to help you. Russia is not just a country next door of which you can just take a bus home.’
The number of Swazi soldiers in Russia was not disclosed for security reasons.
The Observer reported soldiers were afraid to voice their concerns because they feared they would be sacked.
The source said, ‘The last time one newspaper reported such information, those who communicated with the newspaper were brought back home and were also fired.’
UEDF Communications and Information Officer Lieutenant Officer Tengetile Khumalo denied the claim.
The Observer reported on Wednesday a ‘concerned UEDF member’ said, ‘It is a pity that our grievances are “censored” by those in senior positions in the army. Last year alone, two soldiers returned to Eswatini but they are afraid to talk about it in fear of losing their jobs.’
It quoted Khumalo confirming three soldiers returned without completing the course in Russia, ‘because of their personal problems’. Khumalo added soldiers faced no ill-treatment and hardship.
In 2010, a contract was signed between the Russian Ministry of Defense and the Swaziland Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation providing Swazi military personnel to be educated in Russia on a number of military disciplines that include medicine, artillery and engineering.
Why so much military training? | <urn:uuid:1ff32f70-a393-4365-8f61-ccf9799ea94e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.swazilandhumanrightswatch.net/2018/12/swaziland-soldiers-on-military-training.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97848 | 499 | 2.09375 | 2 |
MICHIGAN ‘LOST’ TOWN: Ellington, in Tuscola County
The small Michigan Thumb town of Ellington sits between Caro and Cass City in Tuscola County at the intersection of E. Dutcher Rd and E. Caro Rd.
The township of Ellington was established in 1855 and a great old 1901 township hall still sits just northeast of the junction.
Suggestions for the town name were "Eden" and "Paradise" - both were turned down and used for a couple of other Michigan towns - and for reasons still unknown, named it 'Ellington', probably after a settler or benefactor.
In 1864, Simeon Botsford built the first house in what was then known as Ellington Corners. A post office began operations in 1862, and Darius H. Gould built a structure, which was turned into a general store. These were the beginning, as other businesses and homes followed suit.
The nearby Cass River was busy with the lumber business and Ellington became a popular stagecoach stop - one of THE places to go for travelers and shoppers.
As with many lumber towns, once the timber dwindled, so did the town. The post office finally closed down in 1905.
What’s left of Ellington now sits at the junction with a few old abandoned structures still standing, as you can see in the photos below, including what appears to be a former church and the 1901 township hall.
It should be a definite drive-thru on your Michigan Thumb roadtrip…take a look below and see what I mean. Great old photo ops!
MORE MICHIGAN SMALL TOWNS:
Vintage Nashville, Michigan
Ghost Town of Merle Beach
Duck Lake and Cemetery
Ghost Town of Port Sheldon
MORE TO EXPLORE: Michigan Ice Caves
MORE: Some Fun Photos From Michigan's Past | <urn:uuid:5c9067e8-fb26-4dd1-8007-22d478af77ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wkmi.com/ellington-michigan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969261 | 418 | 2.28125 | 2 |
This episode is brought to you by Wetware Media. Check out Wetware Media's catalog of 100+ audiobooks — specializing in psychology, spirituality, self-help, personal growth, and guided meditations. Wetware Media audiobooks offer actionable, expert advice to ease anxiety, improve meditation and mindfulness, calm emotions, and help create a life you'll love.
Learn How to Stop Overreacting
If you struggle with controlling your emotions and want to stop overreacting, it can be helpful to understand how the brain processes emotion. Marriage and family therapist Dr. Judith Siegel, author of the audiobook Stop Overreacting: Effective Strategies for Calming Your Emotions, takes us through the most relevant aspects of brain chemistry and functioning and demystifies the role of your mind in overreacting.
Today we’re sharing an excerpt from the audiobook Stop Overreacting: Effective Strategies for Calming Your Emotions, written by marriage and family therapist Dr. Judith Siegel. Formed by emotional patterns, triggers, and your history, the habit of overreacting is one that can put you in many unwanted situations. This popular audiobook will help you learn how to neutralize overwhelming emotions and choose healthy responses instead of flying off the handle.
What’s in this episode?
In this episode, Dr. Judith Siegel walks us through how the brain processes emotion. To learn how to stop overreacting and get a handle on your responses, it’s important to take the time to understand what is going on inside your brain that leads you to overreact.
“In this audiobook, I explain how beliefs, emotions, and physiological responses combine to create over-reactions. I examine envy, rejection, criticism, and control—everyday dynamics that frequently trigger overreactions, as well as ways to help you restore calm so that you can access responses that are thoughtful and appropriate. I also suggest ways to challenge beliefs and make peace with the past so that you will be less likely to react to situations that have triggered overreactions in the past.” | <urn:uuid:edb455c0-75c3-4fad-8660-daa530e8cd99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yourgreatjourney.com/2022/07/27/stop-overreacting-learn-how-the-brain-processes-emotion-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.921139 | 434 | 2.109375 | 2 |
We offer several grades of conventional and USDA organic Japanese wholesale matcha in bulk for private label and wholesale distribution. We also provide various packing options for your final product, including bags, tins and single-serve packets.
Matcha is a powdered green tea made from grinding specially cultivated green tea leaves. Once a coveted green tea amongst Buddhist monks in Japan, matcha green tea is now one of the most popular ingredients in the world, found in a range of consumer products such as beverages, pastries, and even skincare products!
Fueled by our passion for traditional Japanese tea making, Ikeda Tea World is dedicated to supplying the world with premium bulk matcha made with the delicate fusion of ancestral wisdom and contemporary manufacturing technology.
Ikeda Matcha offers USDA Certified Organic Matcha and we are proud of what this means. Not only are we providing the best tasting matcha on the market, but when you buy our bulk matcha, you are making a difference and caring for our planet.
Matcha’s pleasant taste and potential health benefits make it an ideal choice for wellness products. But how does it fit into the wellness marketplace? Is matcha an adaptogen? How about a functional food? What is nutraceutical matcha?
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Ch Rashid Azam Inqlabi
The population of Rajouri-Poonch is more than nine lakh at present and these twin Districts fall on border of Pakistan. People of the region are well-built, tall, hard-worker and always stood for cause of their nation. Their contribution always remained immense like in every sphere of life such as medical field, engineering field, literature etc. Poonch and Rajouri, popularly known as Peer Panchal region, is mother to many great personalities like poets Chiragh Hassan Hasrat, Krishna Chander, Banda Biragi, Padamshri Mala Bi, Sian Faqar din, Sian Mira and Ch Abdul Ghani of Mendhar. Sian Mira supported Indian army in 1971 and refused to bless Pakistani when some Pakistan Army officers approached him for special Dua (blessing). The people of Rajouri-Poonch always remain loyal to Motherland and defended it by scarifying their life. Aurangzeb of Mendhar sacrificed his life three years ago when he was returning to home for Eid celebrations. Many youth of Rajouri-Poonch are decorated with medals for their outstanding performance in army including Sab Singh of Rajpur Kamila Sena Medal, Lekh Raj of Daber Sena Medal, Mushtaq of Nagrota Rajouri Shaurya Chakar, Fazal Hussain twice decorated by Sena Medal, Mohd Iqbal Vir Chakar, Mohd Fareed Sena Medal, Bader Hussain Shaurya Chakar, Mohd Sadiq Shaurya Chaker. Thousands of youth of this region are working in Army, Para military forces and police department. J&K police is considered as one of the best police of our country having contribution in curbing terrorism in J&K and known for their valour in maintaining law and order in testing circumstances.
Indian Army undoubtedly played an excellent role in Jammu & Kashmir in defending the nation and is known for its professional touch and discipline, protecting human rights of citizens of India. Though few complaints of human right violations create some mistrust among local, when few men of Army act arbitrarily while discharging their assigned task or show highhandedness to law obeying citizen of area. It gives a sense of insecurity to common which is otherwise uncalled for. The recent incidence of manhandling of SHO Rajouri by a Major at Poshana Check Post on Mughal Road on Saturday evening last week is an eye-opener for UT administration in mismanagement of Mughal Road affairs which is National Highway now. If SHO of one of Police Stations of District Rajouri, who was reportedly going to Kashmir to meet his ailing mother is hindered in such a way, beaten and kept in unlawful custody by Army officials at Poshana Check post, then it is quite easy and apt to imagine dealing of these Army officials with commuters and nomads, who move to and fro daily on this road. Even in recent past, many such incidents were highlighted wherein mismanagement in frisking and clearance of vehicles caused undue harassment to road-users, which lead to long jam resulting mental agony to communters.
It is primary duty of the District Magistrate and District Police of Poonch and Shopian to keep good liaison with forces deployed enroute and ensure good management and affairs of the road. This road offers emotional bond to people of Rajouri and Poonch and is considered as lifeline. There is dire need to focus on functioning of the road, as it offers social and economic boost not only to these twin border districts but to rest of country as well. This road is already a seasonal road and during these four to five months’ window period, it needs best mind engineering whether it’s physical maintenance or traffic regulation. Peer Panchal region is an epitome of peace and peace-loving people and no incidence of violence reported in these districts during recent past, as such sense of security must continue to prevail to build trust and safe concern among masses.
Another activity associated with this historic road is economic activity connected with movement of nomads who visit high-pastures during summers for grazing their cattle. The people who migrate to (Summer Dhoke) high altitude of Peer Marg have to use this road for multiple purposes like bringing ration from plains of Rajouri, Surankote or nearest place. If movement of vehicles is hindered in such a way or any other, then this road is rightly to be called as road of miseries rather than road of happiness and convenience. To put forth further associated issues with this road are non-availability of mobile towers enroute. Non-availability of mobile connection on this road add another miseries like on numerous occasions, as vehicle or persons remain trapped unnoticed due to land-sliding or breakdown of vehicles, leaving commuters at the mercy of God. It is the duty of civil administration to provide basic infrastructure to common masses and passengers like roadside amenities including eateries, washrooms etc. Further there is need to establish trauma hospital on either side of this road to meet any eventuality in case of road accidents or any other natural calamities. The people of Rajouri Poonch already suffered a lot from last 70 years as they have to travel earlier to Srinagar via Jammu consuming two days, covering a distance of more than 500 Km to reach Srinagar (summer capital of state), whereas distance by this road between Surankote to Shopian is just 94 kilometer and Srinagar 150 Km, to be covered in nearly three to four hours. As such, it is impressed on UT administration to open Mughal road for all passengers and in hassle-free manner as who so ever adopt this road to reach Srinagar is in emergency in most of times and such hurdles or undue harassment is totally unacceptable to commuters. Partial opening of Mughal road needs to be relooked as it is half-beneficial. This road is a boon for our UT in general and for Rajouri, Poonch in particular and its opening is a good gesture of LG’s administration.
Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha, who is known for good governance, is requested to intervene in the matter, with a request to direct Army authorities to ensure better management at Check-posts enroute Mughal road, especially at Poshana post. Administration must evolve better mechanism with set Standard Operating Procedure or set Joint Check Post involving Army and Police for providing a sense of relief to commuters. UT administration is further requested to make it fair weather road by constructing much required tunnels on the road, so that people can reap the benefit of economy and health facilities associated with summer capital.
Mughal road & uncalled sufferings
Ch Rashid Azam Inqlabi | <urn:uuid:3ba46a89-df22-43e4-a723-d09857d98e3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://koshursamachar.com/2021/06/21/mughal-road-uncalled-sufferings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958957 | 1,389 | 1.828125 | 2 |
- Open Access
Evaluating the structural reform of outpatient psychotherapy in Germany (ES-RiP trial) - a qualitative study of provider perspectives
BMC Health Services Research volume 21, Article number: 1204 (2021)
Access to outpatient mental healthcare can be challenging for patients. In Germany, a national structural reform was implemented in 2017 to accelerate and enhance access to outpatient psychotherapy and reduce waiting times. During the first phase of the study ‘Evaluation of a structural reform of the outpatient psychotherapy guideline (ES-RiP)’ and embedded into a process evaluation, the implementation was to be evaluated through assessing general practitioners’ (GPs) and psychotherapists’ (PTs) perspectives regarding utilization of provided new measures, and perceived potential for optimization. Particular focus was on patients with a comorbidity of mental disorders and chronic physical conditions (cMPs).
This exploratory cross-sectional qualitative study used on-site and online focus group discussions and semi-structured telephone interviews with GPs and outpatient PTs. Generated data were analyzed using thematic framework analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participant characteristics collected via a socio-demographic questionnaire.
Perspectives on the structural reform were heterogenous. GPs and PTs considered the component of timely initial psychotherapeutic assessment consultations beneficial. GPs disapproved of their deficits in detailed information about the structural reform and exchange with outpatient PTs. Improvement suggestions included structured short information exchange and joint quality circles. The overall number of available outpatient PTs in rural areas was perceived as insufficient. For patients with cMPs, GPs saw patient barriers for therapy access and continuity in low intrinsic motivation, physical impediments and older age. PTs also saw patient challenges regarding low intrinsic motivation and keeping scheduled appointments. They considered post-reform administrative efforts to be high and reported that the regulations (conformity) lead to planning difficulties and financial losses. Reform elements were tailored to fit in with PTs key therapy areas. Stronger networking and joint lectures were suggested as remedy for the currently still limited exchange with GPs. Unlike the GPs, PTs emphasized that accepting patients into psychotherapeutic treatment was independent of a possibly present chronic physical disease.
The findings contribute to understanding the integration of the delivered structural reform into daily care processes and provide an indication about reached targets and potential improvements. Further phases of the ES-RiP study can build on the findings and broaden insights.
Registration-ID DRKS00020344 (DRKS German Register of Clinical Trials.
Around 18 million adults per year in Germany suffer from mental disorders [1, 2]. In addition, about half of them also suffer from a minimum of one chronic physical disease that requires constant monitoring and treatment . Though these patients might have urgent and specific treatment needs, access to outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare can be challenging for them. However, this group of patients is in particular need of psychotherapeutic care since non-treatment of the mental disorder may lead to a fast deterioration of the physical condition . Long waiting times in outpatient psychotherapeutic care as well as deficiencies regarding interdisciplinary collaboration between therapeutic and somatic care providers affect the access to necessary treatment options additionally.
Subject to the severity of disorder and individual patient preferences and circumstances, mental healthcare is offered in inpatient, day clinic, or outpatient treatment settings where about 30% of patients with mental disorders are treated . Treatment costs are usually covered by the patients’ statutory health insurance plan . The mental healthcare guideline and patient-centered care as regulated by the German statutory health insurers provide the base for all outpatient psychotherapeutic interventions [6, 7].
A structural reform of the psychotherapy guideline (‘Psychotherapie-Richtlinie’) in Germany in 2017 introduced new additional options into the structure of outpatient psychotherapeutic care services. To reduce long waiting times for all patients seeking outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare and to improve the situation for specific groups of patients, new options for prompt initial diagnostic consultation appointments to assess therapy needs and treatment planning for acute disorders as well as relapse prevention were implemented into the catalogue of the outpatient psychotherapy guideline. In addition, the application processes for both short-term and group therapy were simplified . The reform comprised several key components which were introduced in April 2017: (1) The psychotherapeutic assessment consultation is intended to serve as a timely measure to clarify whether psychotherapy is indicated and which therapy option or further support is appropriate. Assessment consultation uses units of either 25 min or 50 min and is limited to 150 min per adult patient. During the course of assessment consultations, patients receive written information referring to outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare services and a written feedback form containing the recommendations for further proceedings. Assessment consultations are not part of outpatient psychotherapy consultations as defined in the guideline and thus not part of contingents of allocated psychotherapy units. (2) Psychotherapeutic acute treatment aims to provide a timely intervention after assessment consultations to unburden patients and prevent chronification of mental symptomatology. This option aims for short-term improvement of the symptomatology and states of crisis and emergency. Acute treatment uses either a maximum of 24 consultations (units) of 25 min each or a maximum of 12 consultations (units) of 50 min each which count towards potentially subsequent guideline-oriented outpatient psychotherapy. (3) The option of relapse prevention consultations after intense, longer therapy phases at longer intervals can be applied to stabilize and sustain the impact of the therapy. Depending on the length of the therapy, 8–16 h can be dedicated to relapse prevention. (4) Regional appointment service centers to facilitate timely contact to outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare services for all patients who seek treatment, regardless of a potential referral. Using the service is optional and patients can still contact PTs directly.
The ES-RiP project aims to evaluate the impact of the implementation of these new care options in general and with a particular focus on patients with cMPs. Prior studies explored single aspects of the structural reform in online surveys with psychotherapists and patients and statutory health insurance billing data. These studies focused on perceptions regarding the use of the new options , compared regional as well as urban and rural differences regarding provided outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare services [3, 10], and assessed waiting times [3, 11, 12]. So far, more differentiated studies have not been conducted to provide insights into potential changes in the care situation of patients with diagnosed comorbid mental and physical disorders after the implementation of the 2017 reform. Currently, there is still a lack of transparency regarding the collaboration between GPs and PTs in outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare and regarding context-related tailoring of the new care options and their impact on a potential reduction of care access barriers, particularly for the groups of patients with urgent and specific diagnosed treatment needs. Aspects referring to the involvement of GPs are of particular interest since they often are the primary contact for patients and the ones who refer to specialist treatment.
To achieve its goals, the ES-RiP project follows a multi-level approach to investigate and analyze the impact of the new care options from the perspectives of patients, GPs and outpatient PTs. In a sequential explorative approach, a mixed-methods design is used between 2020 and 2022 to evaluate uptake and integration of the new options into daily practice routines, how care providers assess these options, and which potential impact on outpatient care might be attributable. Of particular interest regarding the 2017 reform are whether utilization of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare potentially increased in the group of patients with comorbid mental and physical disorders and whether a reduction of waiting times is perceived by care providers in general.
In the first phase of the ES-RiP project in 2020, a qualitative study was conducted on the healthcare provider level using focus groups and semi-structured interviews with GPs and PTs. The aim was to explore their perspectives on the 2017 structural reform and its components and the extent to which the changes brought along by it were realized in general and in particular with regards to the deficits in care for patient groups with chronic somatic co-morbidities.
The objective of this qualitative study was to specifically explore and assess (1) whether GPs and PTs perceived that the structural reform facilitated the inclusion of the targeted individuals, (2) the perceived effects on daily practice of psychotherapeutic healthcare delivery, and (3) the perceived impact of the delivered reform components on access to outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare for patients with cMPs.
The ES-RiP study uses a sequential explorative mixed-methods design and a multi-level approach to combine different perspectives, methods and data sources. Thus, the implementation of the reform program will be evaluated on patient, provider and benefactor level. Within a process evaluation, the care provider and patient levels are focused. In complex interventions such as the 2017 reform, a process evaluation aims to understand the functioning of an intervention by investigating the uptake of implemented components, mechanisms of impact and contextual factors . Embedded in the process evaluation in ES-RiP, this present study used a mix of qualitative methods (focus groups and telephone interviews) to explore uptake and perceived impact of the options provided by the reform from the care provider perspectives. Findings of this qualitative study will inform development of a large-scale subsequent paper-based survey targeted at a representative sample of n = 1200 GPs and PTs each across several regions in Germany.
To be eligible for participation in the qualitative study, GPs and PTs needed to be legally capable, fluent in German, located in the larger area around Heidelberg, Giessen, Munster or Rostock, or work in a practice in or around a major city in Germany, and at best, have practiced in their profession since 2015.
Recruitment and sampling
The qualitative study followed a structured purposive sampling strategy with regard to region (greater areas around Heidelberg, Giessen, Munster and Rostock, and major cities) to recruit a balanced sample of focus group and telephone interview participants. Recruitment was initiated and carried out by the study team in Heidelberg and supported by the project partners and further cooperating institutions. Written information about the ES-RiP project and the qualitative study, as well as a contact form to be returned to the study team in Heidelberg via fax or e-mail were mailed to potential recruits. Contact details for potential participants were obtained from various sources (publicly available directories listing GPs and PTs in the targeted regions, known contacts in teaching practices, providers referring to in-patient care, professional associations and personal contacts). The contact form provided information on potential dates, times and format of the focus groups. For the telephone interviews, date and time were agreed individually. An informed consent form was sent to all GPs and PTs who stated interest in participation. The study team contacted all interested GPs and PTs by e-mail or phone to provide further detailed information and after receiving the signed consent, date, time and location for the focus group or interview were confirmed. Reimbursement was offered to all participants to compensate for their time with one GP waiving.
Tailored questions for the focus groups and the interviews with GPs and PTs covered (a) the uptake and impact of the components of the structural reform as perceived by the participants, (b) consequences of the reform for daily practice in PTs, (c) the perceived impact of diverse context factors on health services for patients in need of outpatient psychotherapeutic care as well as physical chronic care, and additionally, (d) the socio-demographic paper-based questionnaires contained items about participant and practice characteristics.
At first, separate on-site focus groups were conducted separately with PTs and GPs by two researchers (experienced Health Services researcher (RPD), Psychologist (MHe)) of the interprofessional study team. On-site focus groups took place in adequate rooms on university campuses and in one case in a hotel conference room. Due to the ongoing Sars-CoV19 pandemic, focus groups were also offered and conducted by the same two researchers using online conference tools. During the on-site focus groups, notes were taken by a member of the respective local study team. In addition to the focus groups, semi-structured guide-based open-ended interviews were conducted with GPs (over telephone) by the Health Services researcher and PTs (via online conference tool) by the researching Psychologist to accommodate participant preferences and to comply with pandemic-related regulations. The interviews were conducted from the researcher’s place of work or home office, and in one case from a university campus.
The focus group and interview guides were developed by the interprofessional team of researchers (Health Services Research, Psychology, Physician) (see Additional file 1 for translated version) and were based on a literature review and pre-defined research questions. All focus group discussions and telephone interviews were audio-recorded, pseudonymized and transcribed verbatim . Focus group discussions also were video-recorded to support transcription. Data was collected until the consistency of findings and deviant observations facilitated the assessment of data sufficiency and code and meaning saturation [16,17,18].
All data collected from focus group discussions, interviews, and socio-demographic questionnaires were pseudonymized prior to analysis, electronically saved, and stored on secure servers at the University Hospital, Heidelberg. For the socio-demographic characteristics, descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study sample by tabulating measures of the empirical distribution. According to the level of variables, means, standard deviations (SDs), and absolute or relative frequencies are reported. The statistic software IBM SPSS 25 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for tabulation.
Thematic framework analysis was used to classify and organize data deductively according to a priori defined categories derived from domains of the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Disease (TICD) framework to identify determinants of practice which influence current psychotherapeutic healthcare delivery to outpatients. The TICD framework provides seven domains and related sub-domains to support classification of the determinants of an implementation (‘Guideline Factors’, ‘Individual Health Professional Factors’, ‘Patient Factors’, ‘Professional Interactions’, ‘Incentives and Resources’, ‘Capacity for Organizational Change’, and ‘Social, Political and Legal Factors’). Categories were also identified inductively from the generated data. The two researchers who had conducted the focus groups and interviews managed, analyzed, and independently coded the data using qualitative data analysis software (MAXQDA, 2020; Verbi, Berlin). Data coding and analysis were discussed regularly among the researchers to ensure intercoder congruity and to achieve the widest consensus possible. All qualitative data were analyzed until no new themes emerged and the identification of deviant observations and consistency of findings enabled the assessment of data sufficiency and thematic saturation. The two involved researchers had prior experiences with qualitative methods to varying degrees. Pre-defined categories of the TICD were used to identify determinants of practice which influence psychotherapeutic healthcare delivery to outpatients with regards to the components of the structural reform intervention. Reporting of the findings of this qualitative study follows the domains of the TICD and the structure of the analytical framework applied to the data. Quotes extracted from the data are provided. Figure 1 describes the methodical approach and the key categories included in the analysis.
The analysis of the generated data provided in-depth understanding of care provider perceptions referring to the uptake and impact of the structural reform and the perceived significance of the implemented components. Findings are reported in relation to four TICD constructs that emerged as main categories from the analysis: (1) Structural reform (recoded from TICD domain ‘Recommendation’), (2) Cognitions and attitudes, (3) Professional interactions, and (4) Incentives and resources. All other TICD constructs were less prevalent. Included quotes have been translated into English with due diligence and are cited with indication of participant group, mode, number, and transcript position.
In total, seven focus groups with PTs (5 on-site, 2 online), 2 focus groups with GPs (on-site), 1 interview with a PT (online) and 16 semi-structured guide-based telephone interviews with GPs were conducted between July and November 2020. The focus groups had 2–10 participants each, and in total, 21 GPs and 40 PTs participated. Focus groups were carried out within a time frame of 120 min each. Interviews were between 22:35 and 43:59 min with a mean duration of 32 min.
The participants in this qualitative study comprised of GPs (n = 21) and PTs (n = 40). 67.5% of the PTs were female, their mean age was 54.4 years. 57.5% were psychological PTs, 42.5% were physicians who specialized in PT. Among the GPs, 52.4% were female, with a mean age of 51.9 years (range 36–69). The GPs predominantly had been trained in basic psychosomatic care (90.5%), only 2 GPs were not formally qualified in this subject. 95% of the PTs participated in the focus groups and 76% of the GPS participated in an interview. In both groups, more than half of the participants worked in areas with populations of less than 20,000 people, and only a few in areas with populations of up to 500,000 people.
Table 1 provides details about the socio-demographic and practice characteristics of the qualitative study sample.
Uptake of the components and integration into daily practice.
GPs described that they generally provided basic psychotherapeutic care in their practices as needed during routine consultations and offered guidance on how to contact PTs in cases where they deem psychotherapeutic support indicated. During the focus groups and interviews, GPs conveyed that their in-depth knowledge about the structural reform of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare was limited to a small number of aspects. They stated they knew about the components introduced in 2017, yet were not familiar with details. The components ‘psychotherapeutic assessment consultations’ and ‘psychotherapeutic acute treatment’ were not clearly separable to them and frequently were considered to be the same component. The option of relapse prevention was largely unknown. While reflecting on the aim and content of the reform during the conversations, the implemented structural components became more transparent to GPs.
‘These were probably all good considerations in this structural reform. But in that respect, maybe that's exactly the issue: The question is, what actually arrives [in daily practice]?’ (FG_GP2_GP1_#55)
PTs were familiar with the details of the 2017 reform, but did not necessarily link them to it. Although there was a high degree of implementation reported, general connotation was critical and associated strongly with growing bureaucracy and less with improving care. One PT considered relapse prevention to be ‘a deceptive package’ (FG5_PT1_#59) as it was part of the approved number of therapy consultations, not an addition. One other PT shared to have used this option ‘quite positively in a number of patients’ (FG_PT5_PT1_#77). When discussing the option of psychotherapeutic acute treatment, PTs stated that it was a part of their daily routines. However, some PTs perceived a gap between necessary and available resources regarding acute treatment, and reported to apply this component not as immediate as intended or not offering it at all. Follow-up therapeutic consultations were not necessarily linked, yet conducted when patient needs were perceived. There were critical and divergent ratings of the assessment consultations, yet positive aspects were acknowledged.
‘From that point of view, assessment consultations are actually something low-threshold and I would see that as quite sensible in terms of care as well.’ (FG_PT2_PT1_#121)
Perceived impact on outpatient care.
Participating GPs did not name any tangible specific effects of the reform on their daily practice routines. They experienced little relief since the reform with regard to patient waiting times and continued to feel obliged to offer bridging work in their own practice when patients faced extended waiting times. However, they perceived that waiting time before the beginning of a therapy was somewhat reduced for some patients, particularly for those with acute psychotherapeutic healthcare needs. It was contemplated that patients with acute symptoms of major depression or anxiety disorders might benefit from the structural reform since they were considered to have been ‘taken care of rather late.’ (GP14_#17).
With regards to patients with comorbid mental and physical disorders, GPs saw prevalent barriers for their access to psychotherapeutic healthcare services that were not reduced by the reform. From their point of view, these barriers ranged from insufficient numbers of available therapists to aspects regarding building and practice structures, as well as scheduling difficulties because of multiple and concurrent necessary treatments. Discussed barriers also comprised patient factors such as missing intrinsic motivation, higher age, and a lower mobility.
‘I have noticed that these initial consultations have been taking place more often since 2017, but the follow-up, the next step is missing. … But that doesn't help the patients much. (GP07_#3)
‘Often it is very difficult to achieve psychotherapeutic insight in a patient. … patients who have a more severe heart disease and other co-morbidities ... they are simply so impaired by the burden of disease that of course they also have psychological co-morbidities. That's absolutely clear. And they're also under-treated in my opinion. But it's also really related to the fact that often the insight is not there.’ (GP08_#30)
PTs did not perceive a general improvement of outpatient care based on the reform and stated that their general recourses, the number of patients, and spectrum of disorders and diseases had not changed. They discussed the potential of reduced waiting times for patients who needed a first telephone contact and an assessment session. However, they also perceived that patients saw several therapists for first assessments, thus limiting access for other patients unintendedly. However, organizational efforts for outpatient assessment and obligatory availability by phone were seen as reducing factors regarding capacities for regular therapy. Fixed time slots for availability by phone were considered to be an obstacle and reducing general capacity, too, since patients and interprofessional partners also called outside the slots. PTs felt irritated by the idea of distinguishing between patients who do have a chronic physical condition and who don’t and did not support this notion. There was acknowledgment of efforts to limit the number of patients with anticipated lower reliability regarding appointments and compensating measures reported such as scheduling these patients for early or late time-slots. In general, anticipated lower reliability was not associated with chronic physical conditions but with patients’ self-regulatory control.
‘I don’t ask for diagnoses, but who calls first...and I think most do so.’ (FG_PT1_PT1_#112)
‘From my point of view, the patients who had to be treated urgently before 2017 already received a therapy place immediately because there is an emergency criterion in place in our practice.’ (FG_PT3_PT6_#45)
GPs did not describe any tailoring with regards to the elements implemented in the reform since these were not aimed directly at processes in general practice. However, one GP mentioned to occasionally recommend that patients privately paid for therapy consultations outside the statutory health insurance system and apply for refunds with their respective insurer. This was seen as a pragmatic solution when patients in dire need of therapy had to endure waiting times of several months. Another GP mentioned to occasionally write a referral to a psychiatrist ‘in hopes to facilitate the start of urgently necessary therapy’ (GP_10_#35) or a rehabilitation measure.
Elements regulating the processes regarding psychotherapeutic assessment session and PTs’ availability by telephone were generally considered as implemented, but PTs adapted and tailored them to fit to their individual planning and organizational needs. Individual solutions to work around aspects considered as problematic were shared. There was open acknowledgement of efforts regarding ‘how to thread it best’ (FG_PT6_PT4_#69), and of avoiding to offer assessment consultations, but rather schedule appointments with patients who had been on PTs waiting lists for a number of weeks or months already, or only offer assessment consultations when the PT was sure to have free capacities for a therapy as well. PTs who worked in joint practices described that offering assessment consultations and availability by telephone was a lot easier for them since they could split the tasks. Also discussed were aspects related to patient-oriented tailoring by categorizing treatment needs as acute in absence of an actual indication to facilitate a sooner therapy start. PTs described that they felt as if they had to tweak and stretch the existing structure and processes to provide the best possible care to patients, yet they did not feel comfortable with it.
‘I don’t think they [the components] really changed anything significantly for me, I rather adjusted them to fit my previous system as well. ’ (FG_PT3_PT2_#38)
‘I refuse to report availability of assessment consultations or whatever else to the appointment service, because I am quite busy and don’t see why patients should come … for an assessment session to me when I can’t offer a [therapy] appointment. As long as I won’t have to fear massive sanctioning, I will not report availability.’ (FG_PT4_PT5#64)
‘And I always have the feeling I have to keep stretching the system somehow, so to speak, in order to apply for the third therapy, which is actually an ongoing treatment, but I apply for the third therapy. That's stupid.‘ (FG_PT3_PT7_#166)
Cognitions and attitudes
Assessment of new options
Reform components referring to the initial assessment of psychotherapeutic care needs and acute therapy were welcomed by the GPs and considered beneficial for a range of patients. They also saw the simplified option for participation in group therapy as a useful addition. However, no GP reported that one or more of their patients actually was in group therapy, and they did not know of any therapist in or around their catchment area to offer group therapy. After learning about the option for relapse prevention, GPs rated it as very valuable and considered pointing it out to patients to create awareness. The possibility to make an appointment for outpatient psychotherapeutic care via telephonic appointment service centers was discussed controversially. GPs viewed it as problematic with regards to availability and geographic distances between patients domicile and offered place of therapy, or considered it an improvement.
‘I might have two patients who got through and then also got an appointment, but then were not necessarily enthusiastic, because it was further away. And then I've seen at least three who tried to call all the time on several days and really took more than half an hour or three quarters of an hour and didn't get through at all ... . I didn't recommend it to anyone after the negative reports. (GP10_#21)
‘Well, I have the impression that now patients are referred faster. This was more difficult a while ago, I suppose … (GP14_#15)
PTs described that initially they did not welcome the reform but over time implemented components. They acknowledged to be uncomfortable with providing assessment consultations when they were not able to offer a longer term or follow-up perspective and found it difficult to deal with respective patient reactions. The obligatory availability by phone was discussed critically and seen as a limiting factor regarding resources for regular therapy slots. PTs mentioned to frequently neglect this component. The simplified option for group therapy was considered useful.
’ … And all of this unspeakable new stuff with assessment consultations and phone hours and office hours and open hours and whatever, that just gets in the way of care. It just creates difficulties. It would be nice to be able to work in peace.’ (FG_PT5_PT8_#26)
In general, GPs stated that they did not perceive any essential changes for their patients based on the structural reform of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare. They reflected on groups of patients who might benefit more than others and saw patients with less complicated care needs as the ones who could benefit most since they needed shorter consultations and therefore had an improved chance of receiving timely care. At the same time, they stated that exactly these patients could be treated by the GPs themselves to avoid blocking psychotherapy slots for patients with more severe diseases .
‘I think the concept is really good. When I imagine this would work, then my work and the care for my patients could be extremely improved.’ (GP15_#25)
‚ … as long as there are not more psychotherapy slots available, the problem of not receiving therapy in time or on shorter notice is just pushed back, because acute treatment might be fully booked, but outpatient guideline-oriented psychotherapy still has to be waited for. My impression is, if I may critique the restructuring, that this was thought too simple from a political point of view ‘. (GP09_#23)
Congruent with the GPs, PTs also described that they did not ‘… really see such a big difference, honestly‘(FG_PT6_B5_#34) for their patients stemming from the structural reform. The major change they felt was seen as originating in the governance of regulations over their work and organization of it and the unintended result of less availability of therapy hours and an even prolonged waiting time for patients in regular therapy. The structural reform efforts were seen as bureaucracy-orientated re-labeling and not as reformation. However, PTs also reported that patients with a higher functional level most likely might profit from the changes.
‘So basically, at least in our practice, the waiting time for regular therapy slots has definitely gotten longer. That's just the way it is.’ (FG_PT3_B6_#45)
‘Maybe that's a totally distorted impression, but I have the feeling that the functional ones, the work patients, would benefit. So, through the assessment session they can also get to know a practice and then, maybe you are in the right place at the right time and the therapist has an open heart. So that's the way it is, I can't prove it. But I think the patients who have found it difficult to see someone in the past, nothing has changed for them. On the contrary, they might call the appointment service and get an assessment session, but know very well that they will then be forwarded again. When I look at severely depressed patients or social phobics, nothing has changed for them. Except that the therapists have less time because we have to be available by phone and have to offer assessment consultations.’ (FG_PT3_PT5_#58)
GPs discussed individual patient factors they considered to influence whether patients actively pursued therapy options. Among those factors were older age, immobility, and deficient German language skills. Also shared were perceptions of patients feeling ashamed when in need of therapy or considering it a weakness. GPs considered themselves to be the first and important point of contact for patients in need of psychotherapeutic healthcare and described providing support within basic psychosomatic care as one of their key tasks in daily practice. They also reflected their own actions critically when contemplating whether psychotherapeutic healthcare options were pointed out strong enough to patients during routine consultations.
’ … people with further chronic diseases tend to be older, more restricted in their potential for self-organization and mobility.’ (GP15_#29)
‘I might have to critically look at myself. Since I am wondering just now, if I might not offer this to certain patients, because I don’t talk about a psychotherapy when I think that it won’t work anyway, because I think, it is not realistic … , the patient can’t get it together or I can’t organize that ...’ (GP15_#33)
PTs stated that chronic physical diseases were no selection criterion when patients inquired about appointment availability by phone. They also described that treating more complicated patients required more time, but was more challenging because of regulations, controlling instances and less compensation. There was concordance in assuming that the proportion of patients who were expected to have difficulties with keeping appointments had to be limited as failures reduced compensation and income.
‘There is a financial incentive to treat in short-term. And there is no incentive for treating difficult patients. You have losses and have to report all the time’. (PT01_#49)
GPs and PTs stated that direct communication between them was rare and mainly occurred when they knew each other. Both groups perceived the information flow between them as a one-way-track often containing information regarding different procedures during the care process without a profound professional exchange. They also expressed frustration about certain aspects of existing formal communication which was perceived as insufficient and inadequate. One GP reported that one of his colleagues in the practice was a PT and thus communication and collaboration was effortless. A wide range of aspects referring to communication and exchange of information between the two provider groups were discussed. Among these aspects were content, form and structure of mandatory reporting, and passing on information via the patients.
‘Well I would really like more interaction between GPs and psychotherapists. Because now, it completely runs in a parallel universe.‘ (GP01_#66)
‘ … We might learn where the patient actually was accepted when a consil request arrives and we have to fill it in. Then, we largely don’t hear anything anymore. It is difficult, patients are in therapy over weeks and we basically don’t hear anything about it. (GP12_#3)
‘I know that in the consiliary report, which usually only says “Depression” anyway, I always write “Please with somatic findings”. Would be nice, right? About 10 percent of the consiliary reports are good, they really say something. Mostly only the psychological diagnosis is repeated. Then it says “Depression” in it. So that's total nonsense, it's a waste of paper and time.’ (FG_PT3_PT7#107)
GPs reported that they encouraged patients to get into contact with PTs when they saw an indication for a specialist diagnosis. They also supported patients with information on therapy options by providing lists of PTs practicing in the area or pointing them directly to PTs they personally knew, but considered it important for the patient to contact PTs themselves. They stated to not distinguish between medical specialists and psychologists when referring patients to therapists, but noted that often they lacked information on the types of therapy methods PTs specialized in. This was considered problematic in acute or complicated case.
‘Sometimes it is difficult to know, also for me as a GP, whom to contact. Then I write an e-mail, then I make a call, then I leave a message.’ (GP06_#35)
PTs acknowledged that direct communication with GPs was a complicated issue for them because of their obligation to confidentiality regarding patient-related information. They reported to frequently use indirect communication via patients. One PT described sending a detailed report once where the GP replied ‘that was the first and only I ever got’ (FG_PT3_PT2_#3). Formal communication via consolatory reports was perceived as insufficient as often required somatic information was not provided by GPs, but ICD-10 coded F-diagnoses were repeated (International Classification of diseases, F00-F99 classification in Chapter V)
‘It is often via patients that I have something delivered or something passed on. And then patients tell me again what the doctor said, … . That is common.’ (FG_PT1_PT4_#4)
Suggestions for optimization
GPs discussed a variety of suggestions that they perceived could support an optimization of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare. Besides the perceived need for more outpatient therapists, GPs phrased they would welcome a more intensive exchange with currently active PTs in their respective region and considered various ways to achieve this. Feedback forms on patients and joint quality circles were frequently mentioned. Also contemplated were options for a more institutionalized professional exchange and types of professional agencies and networks.
‘The institutionalization of a principle regarding patients who are in psychotherapy for more than six months. This would be effective, in my mind, also if it actually was an in-person or video-based consil, because the short reports I got, basically were little meaningful in terms of content.’ (GP01_# 48)
’ … an agency that patients can contact and say ‚I need therapy‘, and the agent is a professional, listens to the patient and says ‚Ok‘, and provides a contact address. Or maybe knows about availabilities so patients don’t have to call 50 therapists each, but a central booking basically.’ (GP04_#60)
PTs appreciated the idea of local practices to support patient placement and emphasized that professional standards could only be granted if these practices would be operated by PTs who also offer therapy. An urgent need was reported for outpatient therapy for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Low availability as well as limitations in contingent and regulations were seen as barriers for adequate offers. For patients with physical limitations or during inpatient treatment for physical conditions, PTs saw the need for a permanently installed option of follow-up consultations via phone and video-conferencing as offered during the current pandemic situation.
‘To me it would be a very important consideration whether to demand two or three placement practices in every city and also to support them financially’ (FG_PT7_PT1_#133)
‘And with this clientele in particular, it can be incredibly helpful if you could talk to them over the phone. When someone is in the hospital or when too weak to come.’ (FG_PT5_PT7_#125)
Incentives and resources
GPs did not discuss financial aspects in relation to the structural reform since there were no elements included that affected GP practices. General reimbursement of activities within the basic psychosomatic care were contemplated, yet only briefly and as a lesser issue.
PTs acknowledged to be frustrated by this topic ‘therapists do a lot of work for free’ (FG_PT1_PT1_#174). They felt they were not adequately compensated for writing reports, professional interaction, obligatory availability by phone, and even for postage costs incurred with providing obligatory documentation. Offering psychotherapeutic assessment consultations was perceived as a high risk of losing money because ‘people just don’t show up’ (FG_PT3_PT4_# 24). The PTs expressed to be aware of financial incentives associated with guideline-oriented short-term therapy, yet considered this not suitable for patients with long-term needs. They voiced feeling irritated by psychotherapeutic acute treatment for patients in critical situations being compensated less than regular short-term therapy.
‘Yes, but with that you lever out acute therapy’ . (FG_PT1_PT3_#55)
This qualitative study explored the perspectives of both GPs and PTs on a structural reform of German outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare and provided insights into uptake, reach and fidelity of the implemented restructuring and perceived effects of the intervention components on the daily practice of psychotherapeutic healthcare delivery to outpatients. Of particular interest were aspects regarding the utilization of the implemented measures, the impact on daily psychotherapeutic healthcare for all patients, and in particular, for patients with cMPs. Also focused was the perceived potential for further optimization. Based on selected TICD domains, the systematic analysis of the generated data shows diverse perspectives on the structural reform of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare and its impact. The reported findings suggest apparent differences referring to the perceptions of GPs and PTs and the degree of uptake of the intervention components related to the restructuring of outpatient psychotherapeutic care, not to the delivered intervention components itself.
GPs generally knew about the structural reform and the comprised elements but were not familiar with details of all elements. As the first and important point of contact for patients in need of psychotherapeutic healthcare, they provided support, guidance, and also bridged waiting times within the frame of basic psychosomatic care. Putting the patient first in facilitating a prompter and sooner access to outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare was of utmost importance to them and they strongly supported respective efforts. As they had seen the need for optimization, they effortlessly included pointing out the changes into their daily routines where it seemed appropriate and suited needs and preferences. However, for PTs the adoption of the implemented changes required far more since their work routines had to be reorganized and matched with the new regulation and elements.
Among the most discussed elements of the structural reform were the initial assessment consultations. While GPs largely considered this element to be very beneficial for patients and a first step towards accessing psychotherapeutic healthcare, PTs focused on the organizational and more ethical problems they faced regarding this element. Besides the implied planning and scheduling issues, PTs felt it was inappropriate to hold assessment consultations with patients when they knew they had no capacity available to offer a subsequent therapy. In these cases, the patient had to keep inquiring at PT practices to find an available therapist and re-consult with the GP in the meantime. This troubled the PTs immensely and they found individual ways to avoid offering assessment consultations, thus undermining the structural reform’s intention of providing timely access to psychotherapeutic healthcare. The shift of waiting time being a general issue towards being an issue during the period between initial assessment and actual therapy is an unintended, yet perhaps to be expected outcome of the structural reform. In fragmented, yet complex healthcare settings, organizational change and restructuring efforts are common experiences where leadership, models of care, workforce and governing structures are reshaped in response to legislative and policy changes . Success of such organizational changes often depends on the actors involved, their personal engagement, awareness, and sense of ownership of the change . Efforts of restructuring frequently are based on simplistic notions of organizational change that fail to consider effects of dynamic contexts, individual responses, and agency which makes them unlikely to produce system transformation. Moreover, empirical research on mandated restructuring indicates that beside knowledge and skills, effective organizational change also requires a high level of commitment . However, failing to appropriately implement presumably effective organizational changes such as guidelines or policies might severely limit the potential for patients to benefit from such advances . Changes might be rejected when the primary strategy is to mandate solutions in a top-down approach, the change is not supported and carried by actors such as care providers who can resist or reject, and bureaucracy is encountered [25, 26]. Findings of this qualitative study indicate that the top-down initiated change intended by the structural reform and its components to some extent met resistance of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare providers who rejected implementation into their care provision routines and who focused on requirements they perceived as bureaucratic. This indication is substantiated by prior research that supported the same key message: Change is accepted when actors are involved in decisions and activities that affect them, but they resist when it is imposed on them by others and policy mandated change does not get the same weight as clinically driven change . Therefore, change appears to be more likely when there is support and opportunity for interprofessional exchange and collaborative problem-solving, and actors and context are given stronger consideration .
One of the key findings of this qualitative study is that PTs perceive no barriers for patients with cMPs and implemented strategies that support them and the patients in pursuing agreed therapy plans even when obstacles are to be faced. However, from the GPs point of view there is still a further need and necessity for improvements, if the target of the structural reform with regards to this group of patients is to be achieved.
To facilitate best care for patients, GPs and PTs as the main providers of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare considered it desirable to intensify collaboration and professional exchange between these two groups. Prior research has focused on the perception of collaboration between them and found that PTs considered GPs to be their most important collaboration partners and that collaboration intensity varied from rarely to regularly, with most PTs in favor of more collaboration. A higher intensity of collaboration was linked to small local networks built over time . A recent qualitative study in Norway tested a model for collaborative care. In this model, psychologists and psychiatrists from a community psychotherapeutic health centre were placed in GP practices. When needed, GPs could seek their input or advice and refer patients to them for assessment or treatment. The reported findings document that co-locating GPs and outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare specialists made them more accessible to each other and enabled detailed, patient-centred case collaboration and mutual learning. The threshold for patients’ access to specialist care was considered to be lowered, treatments could start early, and patient throughput increased. Having the experienced psychotherapeutic health specialists on site facilitated early assessments of symptoms and respective types of treatment required for outpatients, including who could be treated at the GP practice. Thus, care pathways and referral practices could be improved . This is mirrored in the reported experiences of one GP in this present study, even though on a much smaller scale in only one GP practice. A feasibility study conducted in the German primary care setting tested such a collaborative care model under real life daily care conditions. Two large GP practices with a total of 10 GPs provided rooms and workforce capacities to organize the on-site provision of psychotherapeutic assessment consultations by one physician specialist in psychotherapy during regular practice hours once a week over the course of 4 months. GPs reported an unexpectedly high willingness to accept and use the offer and 76% of the approached patients were successfully referred to an initial contact. The specialists also considered the model to be practicable and meaningful, and emphasized that it facilitated to see a broad patient spectrum . A qualitative study conducted with German psychotherapeutic health specialists investigated cross-sectoral collaboration between primary and psychosocial care providers through the implementation of video consultations in primary care. The study reported that participants expected video consultations to improve collaboration with GPs and valued them as a potential means to improve access to outpatient psychotherapeutic health care . In the light of such encouraging findings it appears to be recommendable to test similar models in German outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare on larger scales.
In this present study, GPs and PTs provided a variety of suggestions on how to achieve intensified collaboration including the use of joint quality circles as platform for informal exchange and joint educational activities. Quality circles are widely used in primary healthcare for quality improvement purposes , and are considered to be vehicles for discussions on issues and the reflection of current practice . A strongly advocated suggestion was the institutionalization of collaborative professional networks which are considered to support care coordination and to contribute to improvements in care quality and safety . From the PTs perspective, such coordination would require to be led by psychotherapeutic professionals who are actively involved in therapy processes. Implementation of both suggestions could therefore contribute to improved collaboration between GPs and PTs and optimize the quality of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare. A third topic that was repeatedly discussed in the focus groups and the interviews was the number of outpatient psychotherapists and the perception that this number was too small, particularly in more rural areas. In the light of 7.7 million psychotherapeutic assessment consultations in 2019 (up from 4.45 in 2017) and 2.7 million acute therapies (up from 1 million in 2017), efforts to increase the number of available therapists in guideline-oriented psychotherapeutic healthcare could help alleviate the situation .
The exploration of perspectives of GPs and PTs in this qualitative study showed that the measures implemented in 2017 were utilized as intended by the structural reform, or tailored to fit the needs of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare providers. Yet, the participants did not perceive a strong impact for daily care, and in particular regarding patients with cMPs. However, it is possible that other GPs and PTs do not share the views of the participants in this study or integrated the reform components to a higher degree. Therefore, the findings reported here will serve as basis for a large-scale survey to examine uptake and impact of the structural reform in further detail.
Strengths and limitations
Analysis in this qualitative study was guided by adequate methodological strategies, and aimed at minimization of bias as well as a reduction of the risk of losing relevant content. Domains derived from the TICD supported the exploration and understanding of facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the components implemented through the structural reform of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare in Germany. Reporting of the findings follows the recommendations of the COREQ checklist (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) .
Telephone interviews ensured that the additional burden for participants was minimized to the maximum extent. Using a conceptional framework approach ensured considerations of theory driven key themes. This was combined with an inductive approach to identify additional themes. During the process of analysis, a high inter-coder congruence was achieved which reflects a reliable classification and triangulation of the data. The satisfactory number of participants and the density and richness of the generated text data allowed for a thorough analysis of data sufficient to illustrate pre-determined theoretical and inductive categories.
Limitations are apparent in a potential selection bias present in pre-existing participant motivation to disseminate personal attitude and experiences. As inherent in qualitative research, it is also possible that socially desirable answers were given, particularly in the focus group discussions. To limit bias, interviewers established rapport with all participants, asked questions and provided prompts that enabled reflection. Regular debriefing in research team meetings facilitated discussion of perceived tendencies and refinement of adequate approaches throughout data collection and analysis. GPs were not familiar with details of all reform elements and their perception of them might have been not extensive. Participant characteristics might limit the transferability to younger health professionals or other regions.
This qualitative study contributes to understanding applicability and uptake of the components delivered by the structural reform of the German outpatient psychotherapy guideline. The reported findings indicate different care provider perceptions regarding effects on daily practice and inclusion of targeted groups. They also suggest a potential need for further optimization of outpatient psychotherapeutic healthcare services.
Availability of data and materials
All data generated and analyzed during this study are stored on a secure server at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany. De-identified sets of the data collected and analyzed during this study can be made available by the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Comorbidity of mental disorders and chronic physical conditions
German: Evaluation der Strukturreform der Richtlinien-Psychotherapie (English: Evaluation of the structural reform of outpatient psychotherapy guideline)
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The authors would like to thank all participants of this study for their valuable input. We would also like to thank the following co-author and non-author contributors for their support with recruiting participants and with local organization of focus groups: Prof. Dr. Johannes Kruse, Dr. Hanna Kampling, Samuel Werner, Sandra Zara and Marie-Sophie Brenner, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the Justus-Liebig-University; Prof. Dr. Carsten Spitzer and Dr. Karsten Hake, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, Rostock; Prof. Dr. Dr. Gereon Heuft and Andrea Christoffer, Section for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Muenster; Prof. Dr. Antonius Schneider, Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, Technical University Munich. A thank you also goes to the student staff at the University Hospital Heidelberg who contributed to sending out invitations to potential participants and to digitalizing the data generated from the socio-demographic survey.
The ES-RiP study received funding from the Innovation Committee at the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), Berlin (01VSF19004). The funder had no role in the design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or writing of the paper. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The ES-RiP trial is led by the Clinic of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie, Medical Center of the Justus-Liebig-University Prof. Dr. Johannes Kruse), and received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Justus-Liebig-University (AZ107/20). This qualitative study was also approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Heidelberg (reference number S-466/2020). The study followed the ethical guidelines for qualitative studies and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave their written informed consent to participate prior to data collection.
Consent for publication
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The original version of this article was revised: the given name and family name of all authors were erroneously transposed, and they are all corrected.
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Poß-Doering, R., Hegelow, M., Borchers, M. et al. Evaluating the structural reform of outpatient psychotherapy in Germany (ES-RiP trial) - a qualitative study of provider perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res 21, 1204 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07220-7
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A partnership with Hosanna Baptist Church in the Southeast of Haiti has made possible Hosanna Bible Seminary, Camp Bossier by the Sea, Hosanna Radio, VBS/Child Evangelism programs, church plants, and primary/secondary Christian schools.
Hosanna Baptist Church was founded by Swiss missionaries in the 1930s. Many years later, the church was transferred to national leadership and has become a landmark institution in the Jacmel community. Its influence and outreach continue to produce numerous opportunities to spread the Gospel in the city and throughout the southern parts of Haiti.
These churches were founded throughout the Southeast by former Baptist Mid-Missions missionaries. They are joined together as a community of independent Baptist churches and are referred to as "sister churches." Hosanna Baptist Church is the overseeing support church.
Christian education is one of the best tools to carry the Gospel into homes and families. Hosanna leadership believes in a quality education from kindergarten through high school. The elementary and high school students are recognized for scoring 100 percent on their official state exams. Many children and their families have come to Christ through Hosanna schools.
Baptist Theological Seminary of Haiti, founded in 2008, is the only biblically solid seminary in the Southeast. Doctrinal training for pastors and spiritual leaders in a third world country is crucial to halt the spread of false doctrines in churches.
Camp Bossier by the Sea is a five-acre oceanfront camp and conference center. The setting, the outstanding facilities, and the structured programs all serve to make it a one-of-a-kind camp in Haiti—all for the glory of God. Many young people make life-changing decisions through the ministry of this camp.
Simone Cherubin is CEF-trained and teaches children’s leaders. She organizes and oversees all the Good News Clubs in the 14 sister churches throughout the Southeast. She is responsible for all VBSs and other camp-related programs.
Hosanna 102.3 FM Radio is Jacmel's first Christian station. Its signal began in January 2011 with 1500 watts of ERP and covers a 20- to 25-mile radius. The programs are aired 24/7, and many have accepted Christ through the radio's preaching and music ministry. | <urn:uuid:478a947f-1757-40f7-b2ff-63b4b9e837a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://missionforhaiti.org/ministries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968697 | 464 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Last month, SpaceX successfully launched 60 500-pound satellites into space. Soon amateur skywatchers started sharing images of those satellites in night skies, igniting an uproar among astronomers who fear that the planned orbiting cluster will wreak havoc on scientific research and trash our view of the cosmos.
The main issue is that those 60 satellites are merely a drop in the bucket. SpaceX anticipates launching thousands of satellites — creating a mega-constellation of false stars collectively called Starlink that will connect the entire planet to the internet, and introduce a new line of business for the private spaceflight company.
While astronomers agree that global internet service is a worthy goal, the satellites are bright — too bright.
“This has the potential to change what a natural sky looks like,” said Tyler Nordgren, an astronomer who is now working full-time to promote night skies.
And SpaceX is not alone. Other companies, such as Amazon, Telesat and OneWeb, want to get into the space internet business. Their ambitions to make satellites nearly as plentiful as cellphone towers highlight conflicting debates as old as the space age about the proper use of the final frontier.
While private companies see major business opportunities in low-Earth orbit and beyond, many skygazers fear that space will no longer be “the province of all mankind,” as stated in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967.
The Starlink launch was one of SpaceX’s most ambitious missions to orbit.
Each of the satellites carries a solar panel that not only gathers sunlight but also reflects it back to Earth. Elon Musk, SpaceX’s founder and chief executive, has offered assurances that the satellites will only be visible in the hours after sunset and before sunrise, and then just barely.
But the early images led many scientists to question his assertions.
The first captured images, for example, revealed a train of spacecraft as bright as Polaris, the North Star. And while a press officer at SpaceX said the satellites will grow fainter as they move to higher orbits, some astronomers estimate that they will be visible to the naked eye throughout summer nights.
The satellites can even “flare,” briefly boosting their brightness to rival that of Sirius, the brightest star in the sky, when their solar panels are oriented just right.
Astronomers fear that these reflections will threaten stargazing and their research.
Whenever a satellite passes through a long-exposure picture of the sky, it causes a long bright streak — typically ruining the image and forcing astronomers to take another one. While telescope operators have dealt with these headaches for years, Starlink alone could triple the number of satellites currently in orbit, with the number growing larger if other companies get to space.
One estimate suggests that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope — an 8.4-meter telescope under construction on a Chilean mountaintop that will soon scan the entire sky — might have to deal with one to four Starlink satellites in every image during the first few hours of twilight.
And astronomers don’t yet know how they will adjust. “We’re really at that point where we have to assess what we’re going to do,” said Ronald Drimmel, an astronomer at the Turin Astrophysical Observatory in Italy.
Not only do these satellites reflect light, they also emit radio frequencies — which a number of astronomers find troubling. Dishes used in radio astronomy are often built in remote locations far from cell towers and radio stations. But if Starlink is launched in full — with the ability to beam reception toward any location on the planet — those so-called radio quiet zones might become a thing of the past.
Moreover, some are worried that Starlink plans to operate on two frequency ranges that astronomers use to map the gas throughout the universe — allowing them to see how planets as large as Jupiter assemble, and how galaxies formed immediately after the Big Bang.
“If those frequency channels become inaccessible, it’s extremely limiting to what we can learn about the early universe,” said Caitlin Casey, an astronomer at the University of Texas at Austin.
Similar concerns emerged in the 1990s when Iridium launched dozens of satellites — which made their own flashes in night skies — to provide global satellite phone coverage. The Iridium constellation’s impact was ultimately minimal as technologies changed, and because it never grew larger than 66 satellites. The most reflective of its satellites are now gradually falling from orbit.
The National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a federally funded research center that operates facilities across the world, said on Friday in a statement that it has been working directly with SpaceX to minimize potential impacts. The group is discussing what it called exclusion zones around some radio astronomy facilities, where SpaceX’s satellites would power down when traveling overhead.
Dr. Casey worries that this could still restrict where radio astronomers can work.
This week on Twitter, Mr. Musk said that Starlink will avoid using one of those two frequency ranges. But Dr. Casey said it’s possible that the adjacent frequencies the satellites will use might spill into areas astronomers study — even if they’re technically blocked.
Despite the outcry, Dr. Drimmel said he wasn’t calling for Starlink to be brought to a halt.
“I don’t presume that astronomy should be held more important than everything else,” he said. “So there may be some give and take, and compromises that need to be made.”
But he does worry about the irrevocable impact on human culture should internet satellites forever alter the face of the night sky.
“What I find astounding is that whatever we do will affect everyone on the planet,” Dr. Drimmel said.
Alex Parker, a planetary astronomer at the Southwest Research Institute, noted on Twitter that if these satellites orbit in the thousands, they could soon outnumber all of the stars visible to the naked eye. And even if just 500 are observable at any given time, Dr. Drimmel warns that it will be difficult to pick out constellations among those moving lights.
“It sounds dystopian,” Dr. Casey said.
Most of the frustration stems from the fact that discussions about the impact of this project did not take place before launch. And it may only be the beginning.
“It truly is the tip of the iceberg, especially as we get into a world where you have multibillionaires with the ability and the desire to do things like this,” Dr. Nordgren said.
So astronomers are hopeful that today’s conversation might shape the future. “I think it’s good that we’re making noise about this problem,” Dr. Drimmel said. “If we’re not aware of the threat, so to speak, this will all happen as planned and then it will be too late.”
Already, Mr. Musk has asked SpaceX to work on lowering future satellites’ brightness.
And other companies seem to be taking note. A press officer at Amazon said that it will be years before Project Kuiper — the company’s plan to place more than 3,000 internet satellites into orbit — is available. But Amazon will assess space safety and concerns about light pollution as they design their satellites, the press officer said.
Another entrant, Telesat, said its smaller constellation would operate at higher orbits than some companies’ satellites, making their satellites fainter.
Mr. Musk also upset some astronomers when he said on Twitter that Starlink was for the “greater good.”
“Who has the right to decide that?” Dr. Nordgren asked. “And do we all agree that that trade-off is one that we’re all willing to make?”
The night sky has the power to make people feel awe, he said.
“A star-filled night sky reminds us that we are part of a much larger whole, that we are one person in a world of people surrounded by the vast depths of the visible universe,” Dr. Nordgren said.
While they may see Starlink’s goal as worthy, scientists question whether it is truly the greater good.
“I’m sure there will be positive impact in terms of bringing the internet to the world, but just blatantly saying as one person or one company that this takes precedence over our knowledge of our own universe is scary,” Dr. Casey said.
Ultimately, many agree that the risks are far too great for this decision to be made by one company. And Dr. Casey is hopeful that SpaceX will take a cooperative approach with major astronomy organizations.
“The idea that one or two people somewhere in some country in some boardroom can make the decision that the constellations hereafter will suddenly be fluid, and move from night to night and hour to hour — well, I don’t think that’s their decision to make,” Dr. Nordgren said. | <urn:uuid:754fb6f1-4ae7-4d41-9cf2-73fc0272ae82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ensoundmedia.com/after-spacex-launch-a-fear-of-satellites-that-outnumber-all-visible-stars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.937441 | 1,875 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Since the founding of VLCS, we have used the School of Tomorrow® curriculum, also known as Accelerated Christian Education® or A.C.E.® We continue to find this curriculum effective towards fulfilling our vision: “Transformed Lives – A people prepared for the Lord”.
A.C.E. has taken the conventionally styled textbook and divided it into bite-sized, achievable work texts called PACEs (Packets of Accelerated Christian Education). Each PACE is similar to a unit in a textbook. Each level consists of 12 PACEs in each subject. PACEs integrate Godly character-building lessons into the academic content, and self-instructional activities are carefully designed to develop thinking skills and create mastery learning.
Unlike a classroom setting where a teacher lectures the students, A.C.E.’s curriculum allows students to read the material for themselves, answer questions, and then test comprehension of the subject. Whether the student is a high achiever or a moderately-paced learner, the A.C.E. curriculum progresses at the exact level of the child’s ability.
Individualization makes it possible for each student to master the subject before moving on. Such mastery is the foundation upon which all future learning is built. Individualization produces academic excellence. Students take responsibility for their own learning. Biblical character training received as part of this learning experience prepares students to welcome and accept challenges and future opportunities that come their way.
Challenging and highly effective, the A.C.E. program is an extraordinary educational approach, Biblical in its core, that prepares students for tomorrow’s world while giving them traditional moral values that will last a lifetime.
For more information about A.C.E.® please visit their website:
A.C.E.® also maintains a selection of videos on YouTube: | <urn:uuid:124bb27b-ca43-4fa9-89d9-5904380087ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://victorylifechristianschool.com/about-us/ace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941425 | 406 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Our Innovation Speakers series kicks off with someone who has done it all: music, film, podcasting, writing, spoken word and more. In this hour-long moderated conversation with punk rock legend, Henry Rollins, we will explore topics relating to free speech, censorship, public libraries and technology. While most of us know Henry from his work in the arts, his insightful thoughts on education, democracy and free speech will be sure to leave us all with something to think about. Following this conversation there will be a Q&A and book signing.
Do you have a question for Henry Rollins? Send it to email@example.com by Wednesday, July 27th, for a chance be part of the audience Q&A!
Doors open at 5:30 p.m., please do not begin lining up until 5:15 p.m. to allow traffic to exit the building.
This event is first-come, first-served with a capacity of 650. No registration is required.
People may not loiter inside the building between 5 p.m. and event door time.
About Henry Rollins:
In describing Henry Rollins, the tendency is to try to squeeze as many labels as possible into a single sentence. “Rollins is many things,” says the Washington Post, “diatribist, confessor, provocateur, humorist, even motivational speaker…his is an enthusiastic and engaging chatter.” Entertainment Weekly’s list includes “Punk Rock icon. Spoken word poet. Actor. Author. DJ. Is there anything this guy can’t do?” TV Guide has more concisely called him a “Renaissance Man” but if Henry Rollins could be reduced to a single word, that word would undoubtedly be “workaholic.” When he’s not traveling, Rollins prefers a to keep a relentless schedule full of work, with gigs as an actor, author, DJ, voice-over artist and TV show host to name a few of the roles that keep his schedule full. Rollins has toured the world as a spoken word artist, as front man for both Rollins Band and Black Flag and as a solitary traveler who favors road-less-traveled locales.
In 2013, after previously anchoring shows for IFC and National Geographic, Henry joined the History Channel’s H2 network as host of the TV show 10 Things You Don’t Know About. In 2014, Henry received the prestigious Ray Bradbury Creativity Award in recognition for his lifelong contribution to the arts, his passion for social activism, as well as his intense passion for the importance of maintaining books and libraries. Henry currently hosts a weekly radio show on L.A.’s renowned NPR affiliate KCRW. | <urn:uuid:3fc94fd0-3194-4e74-9cf0-e63c48c5e446> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.faylib.org/event/6867883 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958913 | 580 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Investing in the commercial real estate can be a double-edged sword. You need to choose wisely select which commercial building to purchase and also plan exactly how to get the funds to do so. The following article offers you some light on the fundamentals of commercial real estate.
Regardless of whether you are buying or selling the property, negotiate! Be heard so that you can get yourself a fair price on the property price.
Take plenty of the property. Be sure that you have any and all defects present on the pictures you take (things like holes, such as holes in the wall, or spots).
You can never know too much when it comes to commercial real estate, so try to always be seeking out new sources of knowledge.
You should learn how to calculate the NOI metric.
This can avoid bigger problems after the sale.
Keep your commercial properties occupied. If you have more than one property without someone in it, figure out why this is, and look at ways of enticing tenants back in.
Emergency maintenance should always be on your list. Be sure to have emergency numbers on hand, and be sure to have their contact information handy.
Check any disclosures of the chosen real estate agent gives you carefully. Remember that dual agency could occur. This means the agency works for the tenant and the landlord during the transaction. Dual agency should be disclosed and must be agreed upon by both parties.
Borrowers are required to order appraisals with commercial loans. Banks will not allow the appraisal to be used later. Order your appraisal yourself to ensure everything goes as planned.
If you end up with a bad real estate company, you could pay more for some mistake that you could’ve avoided to begin with.
To ensure that you are doing business with the most suitable real estate broker, ask what they consider as a success or a failure. You need to know how they actually measure results. Make sure you understand their strategies and techniques. You should only employ a real estate agent if you are okay with them.
Find out specifically how different real estate broker negotiates prior to choosing them. Inquire about their specific credentials and experience. Also make sure they’re ethical procedures while looking for that optimal deal.
You are ultimately responsible for disposing of environmental waste on your property. Is your property you’re considering purchasing located in an area known for floods? You may want to reevaluate your choice.You can speak to environmental assessment places to get information about that area in which you are considering buying something.
This is done so you can verify that the terms match the rent roll as well as the property’s documentation.If you don’t read over these terms, you’ll end up changing the pro forma.
Get on the internet before you buy any property. The idea is for people to learn about you are by simply punching in your name into a search field.
Look for any motivated sellers.It’s up to you to seek them out, especially a deal that works in your favor such as selling the property for less than it is worth.
Don’t talk to potential tenants until you have figured out your rental rate. This will let you reach your goals and turn your investment into a profit.
When thinking about financing for properties of a commercial nature, make sure you obtain a good attorney that will explain all details to you. If a complication arises relating to your real estate transaction, it’s important to have someone on your side that will fight tooth and nail to represent your interests.
Know your requirements are before starting the search for commercial properties. Know what type of office space you need to have. If you intend to expand your business quickly, consider purchasing more space than is currently required; doing this may save you money down the road.
This helps to attract potential buyers if you have something for sale or even those who will lease space.
Buy apartment complexes with multiple units. More units equates to more money in your pocket. Many buyers will not even look at a property with less than 10 units, as most subscribe to the idea that there is a direct correlation between the number of units and the amount of money that can be made.
Fluctuating interest rates pose one of the greatest threats to commercial real estate investors. The economy makes it likely that a good loan today could be gone tomorrow, and can leave investors susceptible to majorly increased interest rates. Keep this in mind when looking for property, and match them with your long-term goals.
This protection is rarely available today, which leaves you more inept to lose money due to inflation.
Large real estate companies often slip in additional requirements or covenants into lease documents, which you need to take time to read. By scrutinizing the lease, you’ll avoid potential headaches and heartaches that a commercial lease sometimes produces.
Size is an extremely important variable when it comes to buying a new building for the perfect commercial property. You won’t have to upgrade in several years time if you invest in commercial property that will allow your business to grow.
As was mentioned earlier in this article, commercial real estate is not a free source of money. You will need to play a very active role, devote time and make a sizable investment, at the beginning, to bring about the results you’re seeking. That, though, is still not a guarantee that you will make money, and you could possibly still lose money. | <urn:uuid:601f094e-67d7-4b79-bdb6-9c447e7c619b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ocalahomesonline.com/maintain-efficiency-when-dealing-with-commercial-real-estate-using-these-tips-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.955258 | 1,130 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Hides: Hide URLs From Crawlers
Hides.at is a URL masking service that will allow you to hide URLs from crawlers. This is of great use if you are sharing download links on your website. Links to sites such as Rapid Share are regularly scanned by crawlers and deleted if detected. With Hides, you can make your links undetectable to crawlers.
To use the service, simply copy the full URL of the download page and paste it on Hides. You can hide more than one link. Just make sure that you include the http:// to the URL in order to properly mask them. Hides will fail to cloak your URLs if you start with just www. After clicking the “hide” button, Hides will generate a unique link for your collection of links.
This is a very useful tool if you are constantly sharing download links to your blog or website. It will protect your site from crawlers that auto deletes the links that you placed. Your links will become immune to auto deletion without your consent. You can now breathe easily without having to worry about your visitors complaining about the missing download links. | <urn:uuid:74d4c48a-1d7b-4165-bb00-bb4794d8a6f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.orangeinks.com/technology/hides-hide-urls-from-crawlers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928307 | 235 | 1.554688 | 2 |
One thought that came into my head was the tv show 13 Reasons Why. I think that a lot of people were wanting to watch the show and were excited to see how it would turn out. Then there was a lot of talk about how it could be harmful and increase suicides by “glorifying” the suicide of the teenager. The ways that this similar situation relates to the suicide of a popular celebrity is the impact the way suicide is seen. When a popular celebrity commits suicide, it hits their fans hard. It can raise suicide rates in society because the fans may relate their lives to the celebrity and try to follow their footsteps nans the way they live their lives. They might even try to follow the suicide act if their mental health is already declining before the death. Also, since suicidal thoughts can be common from people who feel they do not fit in or are not a part of their society or group (Comer & Comer, 2021). The potential impact on teens and adolescents is focused on them because they are easily manipulated, or easily molded into following people or taking certain advice from people they look up to. | <urn:uuid:d71a3a02-5581-4b3c-9bd0-9d887f83150d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tutorfaith.com/2022/04/09/reply-to-one-thought-that-came-into-my-head-was/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.981513 | 231 | 2.125 | 2 |
Options are a type of derivative product that allows investors to speculate or hedge against the volatility of an underlying stock. options are divided into call options, which allow buyers to make a profit if the stock price rises, and put options, where the buyer benefits if the stock price decreases. The buyer of a call option pays the option premium in full at the time of entering into the contract. Afterwards, the buyer enjoys a potential profit if the market moves in their favor.
There is no possibility that the option will generate any more losses beyond the purchase price. This is one of the most attractive features of call options. For a limited investment, the buyer secures unlimited profit potential with a known and strictly limited potential loss. If an investor believes that certain stocks in their portfolio may fall in price, but they do not want to abandon their long-term position, they can buy put options on the stock.
If the stock price decreases, gains on put options will offset losses in real stocks. If an investor believes that the price of a security is likely to rise, they can buy call options or sell put options to benefit from such a price increase. When buying call options, the investor's total risk is limited to the premium paid for the option. Its potential benefit is, theoretically, unlimited.
It is determined to what extent the market price exceeds the strike price of the option and how many options the investor has. For the seller of a put option, things are reversed. Your potential profit is limited to the premium received for writing the sale. Your potential loss is unlimited, equal to the amount at which the market price is below the option strike price, multiplied by the number of options sold.
An option is the right to buy a stock (or other asset) at a specific price at a specific time. Stock options are traded on a public exchange. An option has a fixed life, with a specific maturity date, after which its value is settled among investors and the option ceases to exist. The value of an option tends to decrease over time, all other things being equal, which is why it is called a wasted asset.
Buying an option means taking control of more shares than if you had bought them directly with the same amount of money. For put options, the contract will be in money if the strike price is below the current price of the underlying asset (stocks, ETFs, etc. For example, expensive options are those whose uncertainty is high, which means that the market is volatile for that particular asset and it is riskier to trade with it. Binary options trading is made even riskier by fraudulent schemes, many of which originate outside the United States.
Because time is a component of the price of an option, a one-month option will be less valuable than a three-month option. But why would an investor use options? Well, buying options is basically betting on stocks going up, down, or covering a trading position in the market. When you buy a call option, you agree with the seller a strike price and you are given the option to buy the security at a predetermined price (which does not change until the contract expires). For everyone except advanced investors, stocks are probably the better option than options at all times, but an easier way to buy them is through stock ETFs.
To sell a short option is to sell that option, but the profits from the sale are limited to the option premium, and the risk is unlimited. This type of strategy can help reduce the risk of your current equity investments, but it also provides you with the opportunity to make a profit with the option. An option protects investors from downside risk by setting the price without the obligation to buy. There are numerous strategies you can employ when trading options, all of which vary based on risk, reward, and other factors.
By using put options, you could limit your risk to the downside and enjoy all the advantages in a profitable way. Options are derivatives of financial securities, their value depends on the price of some other asset. It is often the case, for example, that an investor who owns shares buys or sells stock options to hedge their direct investment in the underlying asset. The intrinsic value is the amount in money of an options contract, which, for a call option, is the amount above the strike price at which the stock is traded. | <urn:uuid:8add788b-0298-4fd4-8e41-56dc0899d02c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.commerzfutures.com/what-are-options-in-investing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951779 | 882 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Announcement - Server Security Update: Meltdown and Spectre
Security researchers announced two security flaws, dubbed Meltdown and Spectre.
What is Meltdown and Spectre?
A hardware bug allows low-privileges process to access the memory in the computer’s kernel to steal data which is currently proceeded on the computer.
It allows malicious programs to gain access to higher-privileged parts of a computer's memory
It steals data from the memory of other applications running on a machine.
What is the impact:
It could allow malicious software to spy deeply into another process and data then steal sensitive data such as password and text communication.
A) Shared hosting servers.
Our team will notify affected clients and further schedule kernel update that require a server reboot during the process.
(Windows shared hosting)
10th Jan 2018
11th Jan 2018
12th Jan 2018
(Linux shared hosting)
15th Jan 2018
16th Jan 2018
17th Jan 2018
18th Jan 2018
19th Jan 2018
B) Dedicated servers and colocation clients.
Our team will notify all affected clients regarding the above security flaws and work together with managed services clients on the updating.
Steps to update kernel:
C) Cloud/VPS clients.
Our team will notify affected clients and apply kernel updating on Hypervisors.
10th Jan 2018:
15th Jan 2018:
16th Jan 2018:
Those unmanaged services client under (B) & (C) who is interested on this update may contact support team by submitting a ticket at https://support.exabytes.com.my/en/support/tickets/new choose Technical Support (Dedicated Server / VPS / Cloud / Colocation)
Technical Support Department | <urn:uuid:97803b85-c3bb-4de3-a00a-56c6e4c05f72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.exabytes.com.my/id/support/discussions/topics/14000009869 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.869713 | 401 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Yago García-Rodeja and Israel Fernández (Univ. Complutense de Madrid), Miquel Solà from the Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis (IQCC) and F. Matthias Bickelhaupt from the Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) in the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (usual collaborator of the IQCC) have studied the influence of the encapsulation of an ion inside the C60-fullerenic cage on the Diels-Alder reaction between 1,3-cyclohexadiene and M@C60 (M = Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, Al3+ and Cl–) by means of Density Functional Theory calculations and activation strain analyses. They have found a significant enhancement of the Diels-Alder reactivity for those systems having an endohedral cation whereas a clear reduction of the reactivity is observed when an anion is encapsulated into the C60-cage. This enhancement is mainly the result of higher orbital attractions between the reactants (and less destabilizing Pauli repulsion, albeit to a much lesser extent), which in turn, derives from a stronger π(diene) → π*(fullerene) molecular orbital interaction.
These researchers have written the corresponding article and published the back cover in Chemistry: A European Journal:
Y. García-Rodeja, M. Solà, F.M. Bickelhaupt, and I. Fernández
“Understanding the Reactivity of Ion-Encapsulated Fullerenes”
Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 11030-11036 [abstract] | <urn:uuid:10e1b35d-b3d4-45c1-9af3-3672b7c881a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://iqcc.udg.edu/wordpress/2017/07/04/reactivity-ion-encapsulated-fullerenes-back-cover-chem-eur-j/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.812704 | 386 | 1.546875 | 2 |
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Address: Development Zone, Zhengzhou, China | <urn:uuid:de56e61f-2253-47ea-9c4e-62b845c35c5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.fcibrescia.it/a283-grc/Mjkza66888c00c3f3a73.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.774673 | 691 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Why Your Best Superhero Is You
“Life hits you hard. But it takes you three seconds to decide if you are a superhero or not. I am.” Hrithik Roshan
I am firmly of the belief that we live our best life when we are who we are.
Think about it for a moment – are you living for someone else, fitting into what they think is the norm?
If I have learned only one major lesson, it is that no one will ever be 100 percent happy with you, so be who you are and be happy with that.
Like last year, when I went as Supergirl for Halloween. I loved dressing up as a superhero.
What is being a superhero to me? It is standing up for those who can’t do it themselves.
It is advocating for my own health, both physical and emotional. It also means not hiding who I am so that I don’t offend others.
I am a disabled person who does not look that way. I have a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and due to that life has forced me to create ways of coping with my illness.
These systems are in place to play to my strengths. Having a compassionate person in my life to help me with cognitive issues helped me see my own superhero was lurking beneath the surface.
My point is, be who you are no matter what that is.
If you want to be a Princess, go get a tiara. If you are living a life with strong spiritual beliefs, live your truth.
Do these things and own it.
A long time ago, I realized that it made no sense to walk around ashamed of who I was. I am not just the person who wrote this, I am many things.
Most of all, I am a person who cares about others and is not ashamed to admit that life has been tough beyond imagination the past few years.
This is how I got my wings; I needed to have some awful circumstances happen to bring me to a point of realizing how good life is.It's only when we face the worst of us that we see the best of us. #purebloggingClick To Tweet
Seeing the humor and enjoying life even with hard reality staring you in the face is what got me my wings. Many days I wanted to give up.
I never did, because then all I become is another statistic.
I never wanted my detractors to be right. Pulling myself up from the ashes of being homeless, and suffering a near fatal accident showed me how strong I can be.
It gave me something to give back to others who may not see a way out.
Being my own superhero? Yes. Sign me up. | <urn:uuid:742af52e-d938-46d9-b012-13344c259cb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collegesearching.org/be_your_own_superhero/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.963581 | 563 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Evangelos Apostolou of the EMEA and Asia-Pacific In-House Counsel group at Major, Lindsey & Africa discusses why demand for ESG-ready in-house talent will continue to grow.
For many, the environmental, social and governance (ESG) movement, which is estimated to move past $50trn of assets globally by 2025, represents a generational opportunity to use the power of capital markets to transform the world. Perhaps even to save it. However, for others, ESG proponents naively confuse philanthropy with the fiduciary duty to maximise return on investment.
Whatever your view, the growing public expectation that corporations play a bigger role in tackling the world’s challenges is translating into investor demand for ESG data that is reshaping traditional investment decision-making. In turn, policy makers are driving a steady rise in ESG-related regulations and reporting obligations. As the ESG agenda makes itself increasingly felt, and corporations look more and more to their GCs for guidance and leadership, a natural question to ask is whether GCs are ready for this change.
Even if not entirely new, there is no simple definition of ESG. Climate change has emerged as the key focus and reportedly attracts one in three sustainable investment dollars. Resource scarcity, supply chain, diversity and inclusion, and human rights have established distinct categories among a number of others. The resulting impact on board accountability and executive compensation is palpable and the traditional functions aligned to legal, such as compliance, ethics and corporate governance are all being challenged to revaluate their scope of activity.
Similarly, many ESG outcomes are not straightforward to report on and despite creditable efforts, the availability of consistent and reliable measurement data remains a work in progress. Taking one simplified example: if electric car manufacturers reduce dependency on fossil fuels and this in turn reduces damaging carbon emissions, are electric cars manufactured in a way that creates a net positive impact in energy consumption? Are the electric batteries used in the cars charged with renewable energy? When the batteries reach end of life, will they be safely disposed without disproportionally harmful consequences to the environment?
Acknowledging these challenges and complexities, are there GC skillsets that are exclusive to ESG practice? Probably not at this point. But neither are ESG-relevant skills in abundant supply and their scarcity signals a potential war for talent as corporates look to GCs for proactive support of ESG agendas and specific ESG experience becomes portable. Relevant skills include the ability to:
While law firms have been busy reinventing traditional practice groups to align with client ESG needs, the in-house community has been a little slower to respond. Notable exceptions include the groundbreaking 2019 General Counsel for Diversity & Inclusion initiative led by the global GCs for Shell, Unilever, Vodafone, BHP and Anglo American, which aims to work with law firms to improve D&I in the legal industry.
One thing is clear, employers are actively in the market for ESG talent. Earlier this year, PwC announced that ESG will be a key focus in its plans to invest $12bn over the next five years and to create 100,000 new jobs. The numbers alone that anticipate ESG-related growth in the trillions indicate the scale of the changes underway.
Alongside efforts to rebrand and repurpose existing roles, in a few cases GCs are being entrusted outright with their organisation’s ESG portfolio as a natural extension of their responsibilities. In most cases, GCs are still finding their bearings. The opportunities for the ESG-capable GC beckon and they are little short of profound. | <urn:uuid:22cd7960-d1e3-45f2-8272-63c64ff6c9fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mlaglobal.com/en/insights/articles/esg-the-war-for-talent-and-the-gc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944343 | 745 | 1.578125 | 2 |
It is the logic of consumerism that undermines the values of loyalty and permanence and promotes a different set of values that is destructive of family life.
By : Christopher Lasch
Total loyalty is possible only when fidelity is emptied of all concrete content, from which changes of mind might naturally arise.
By : Hannah Arendt
I have friends in overalls whose friendship I would not swap for the favor of the kings of the world.
By : Thomas A. Edison
The steady discipline of intimate friendship with Jesus results in men becoming like Him.
By : Harry Emerson Fosdick
I keep my friends as misers do their treasure, because, of all the things granted us by wisdom, none is greater or better than friendship.
By : Pietro Aretino
A passion for politics stems usually from an insatiable need, either for power, or for friendship and adulation, or a combination of both.
By : Fawn M. Brodie
As much as I liked and admired the various members of the Kennedy family, my first loyalty was to Jackie.
By : Pierre Salinger
There have been some friendships lost over this. That's the most difficult for me. I find it very uncomfortable to know that I was at one time close friends with someone, and because of jealousies and misunderstandings and so on, these friendships have dissolved.
By : Donald Johanson
To be capable of steady friendship or lasting love, are the two greatest proofs, not only of goodness of heart, but of strength of mind.
By : William Hazlitt | <urn:uuid:c256ab76-7b62-41f3-99fa-b0f93403b62e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://1mquotes.com/en/quotes/10219 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941226 | 326 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Thrifty moms secret to daily financial discipline starts with her state of mind. Thrifty moms stay focused on the future stability of their home. Why?
Taking care of a home is the biggest responsibility that she will hold. The resume that is built from home management gives this thrifty mom her confidence. Her management skills will be impeccable when the kids are grown. So many jobs are held by moms that make the home function like a well oiled machine.
Thrifty moms are the CEO, and CFO of their homes. Financial discipline takes daily effort.
Mental Road Map
Spending money in the age of technology is very easy. Not spending money takes a vision. I may want to go have a cafe mocha everyday, but saving that money is more important to my family. As a thrifty mom, I know that saving that money now will reap greater good later.
The willpower to not use gas and resources daily, but run errands in one day takes planning. This planning is an acquired trait that thrifty moms add to their CEO resume.
Family Financial Goals
The mental road map is the goals that my husband and I set down and created for our family at the beginning of the year. All of the planning that a thrifty moms utilizes to save money and time helps her to stay on course with the mental road map. No detours or bumps in the road. Moms will stay the course.
Control on Spending Habits
I have to have self control at all times with my spending habits. Keeping track of what money I can spend versus what I want to spend. That is where paying cash comes in handy for me. Even though when I pay cash it feels like I spend it faster, I also stop faster. When the cash runs out….I’m done. My budget keeps this thrifty mom on target with her spending.
Even though it is so easy to spend money here and there, I keep track of my expenses. It is sort of a mini ledger. Nothing extravagant, but just little tallies so that I stay in control on my spending.
Have one day to run errands
The less I go out, the less I spend. How about you? I have to invoke a lot of willpower around lunch time when I really want to grab something easy to eat. By the time I buy myself lunch, and the kids I have spent close to $20.00. Just on lunch.
So, when we go out to run errands I pack water and snacks to hold us over.
I feel like teaching our kids to delay gratification is important. Delayed gratification is essential to building self discipline. Running errands in one day will lessen the amount of trips out of the house. To save on gas, I will create a generic route to take so that I don’t waste my gas.
Don’t Run To A Sale
Financial discipline requires the will power to ignore unnecessary visits to stores. Most stores have several sales in a year. Planning ahead for purchases and organizing them with sales and coupons is a great trait that thrifty moms hold.
No one saves money by spending it. The financial win is saving the money you would have spent. Buying something for the sake of a “sale” defeats the purpose. Having a plan on purchases, errands, and money spending habits takes practice. Thrifty moms secret to daily financial discipline is holding onto her family’s vision and sticking to the yearly goals.
If you found this post helpful, please share! | <urn:uuid:37bb97c4-f9ae-491e-88a2-23a6d52ad835> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.momsarefrugal.com/thrifty-moms-secret-to-daily-financial-discipline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954492 | 737 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Big Ideas contest offers up to $20,000 for big ideas in social innovation
November 3, 2020 — Santa Cruz, CA
Big Ideas is the University of California’s leading early-stage social innovation competition.
Now in its 15th year, Big Ideas provides funding up to $20,000, support, and validation to interdisciplinary teams of graduate and undergraduate students who have transformative solutions to real-world problems.
Big Ideas accepts student-led, early-stage projects or ideas with a social impact focus. The contest is open to students from across all 10 UC campuses. Students can submit their applications online at bigideascontest.org/apply. Deadline for pre-proposals is Nov. 20.
UC Santa Cruz students can schedule an advising appointment with Alia Roca-Lezra, a fourth-year economics and environmental studies student, who is the UCSC Big Ideas Innovation Ambassador. Appointments may be made at calendly.com/aliabigideas. Roca-Lezra said her role is to help advise and support students throughout their application process, promote the contest, and get to know the entrepreneurship environment on campus.
Tagged UC Santa Cruz | <urn:uuid:cdab529b-37b4-4034-99d0-59df43497bbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.santacruztechbeat.com/2020/11/03/big-ideas-contest-offers-up-to-20000-for-big-ideas-in-social-innovation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.914828 | 260 | 1.601563 | 2 |
C2QA Jumpstarts the Quantum Workforce with New Summer Program
A quantum computing summer school organized by the Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage teaches students fundamental skills and fosters diverse, collaborative research
August 18, 2021
Some of this summer's C2QA quantum computing summer school students are shown on a videoconference with the school's organizers. The program was held virtually this year but future sessions are planned to be held at Brookhaven Lab.
Quantum information science (QIS) is an emerging research field that promises to revolutionize computation, engineering, communications, and many other aspects of both everyday life and fundamental science. Today, the hype of “quantum” is intriguing many young scientists and engineers as they look to enter the workforce, but many are left wondering how they can broach a field that is so complex and rarely taught before graduate school.
Now, a new academic program launched by the Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage (C2QA)—a national QIS research center led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory and comprised of several national labs, research centers, universities, and industry partners—is providing students with a better path towards the quantum workforce. The program is a four-week-long quantum computing summer school for undergraduate students that focuses on building fundamental and practical skills.
“We want students to be excited about QIS, but there’s a lot of hype about quantum computing and we also want students to see past that hype,” said David Biersach, a senior technology architect at Brookhaven Lab who helped start the quantum computing summer school. “QIS has very exciting applications and it’s opening doors to some things we never thought we could do. But beyond that initial excitement, many students don’t really know what QIS is. We’re teaching students to understand the field’s strengths and weaknesses, because it is still evolving, and imparting actual problem-solving skills, not just awareness.”
The summer school’s mission sticks true to C2QA’s mission, and it’s right in the center’s name—co-design. At C2QA, researchers are simultaneously designing hardware and software to achieve “quantum advantage,” which is the point when a quantum computer outperforms a classical one on a useful task. This multidisciplinary approach is integral to the QIS field as a whole, so Biersach and colleagues have replicated a multidisciplinary approach for students.
“QIS is a triple helix of physics, mathematics, and computer science,” Biersach said. “In most universities, these departments are all separate and a lot of science majors complete their degree without any computer programming experience. The quantum summer school integrates all of these fields in an introductory way.”
The program takes a blended approach, alternating between short lecture sessions and hands-on programming labs. But about half of this summer’s students, which was the program’s first cohort, had no programming experience. They also all pursued different degrees, ranging from environmental science to engineering.
“It’s a pretty tall order to teach computing, math, and quantum physics in four weeks,” Biersach said. “But on the plus side, we were able to see these students realize that, in order to perform some computations that seem like magic, they actually don’t have to write a lot of code. We’re turning around a perception that these young scientists have to be the next Bill Gates or Steve Jobs, writing thousands of lines of code, to make a difference.”
Biersach added, “We didn’t want to make the course requirements too high because students from all educational backgrounds will form the quantum workforce of the future. I’m also very happy that close to half of the participants in our first summer session were women and nearly 90 percent were underrepresented minorities.”
The quantum summer school encouraged this diverse group of students to work together, learn from each other, and solve problems by combining their different areas of expertise, much like QIS challenges are solved in the real world. The program divided the group into small teams to study quantum computing applications to various physical systems. The students also worked with Qiskit software, an open-source framework for writing quantum programs that was developed by IBM, one of C2QA’s primary partners.
“Working together in groups enabled the students to see how larger problems can be broken apart into pieces and tackled more effectively,” said Michael McGuigan, a computational scientist at Brookhaven’s Computational Science Initiative who leads the group- and project-focused segments of the summer school. “We hope the students will take the quantum computing knowledge they’ve learned in this course and find applications to whatever discipline they choose to study in the future, expanding the use of this exciting and rapidly developing form of computation.”
After a successful first run for the quantum summer school, the C2QA team hopes to add additional weeks to the program and work with undergraduate institutions to offer college credit.
Workforce development is a major initiative at C2QA. Students of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in learning about quantum information science can browse ongoing opportunities on the C2QA website.
Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit https://energy.gov/science.
2021-18985 | INT/EXT | Newsroom | <urn:uuid:0bce7318-1ecc-43b1-b099-f9eb8096ede9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=218985 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941833 | 1,216 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Finding the right volunteer abroad opportunity is essential. You’re looking for a volunteer opportunity that will help you meet your personal and professional goals at the same time. You’ll want to have a look at some of the following choices for volunteers. Choosing a country first is necessary. Make certain that the programme provides enough time for travel. Second, pick a location where you’ll have plenty of time to devote to volunteering. Third, choose a volunteer opportunity that fits your skillset and interests.
Make sure you have enough money before deciding on a programme. There is a good chance that you will have to travel abroad. Your final location will most likely include a few plane trips, so you’ll want to save aside some additional cash for those expenses. In addition, you should expect that airfare will take up the majority of your volunteer programme expenditures. Make sure you can afford the charges of a local host family if you want to participate in a reputable programme.
Volunteer Abroad Programs allow you to work on a local community initiative once you’ve picked a destination. These programmes, which typically run between seven and eleven months, provide you the opportunity to get fully immersed in the local culture and way of life. You can learn about a country’s culture and history, and you can make friends with the people who live there. Most volunteer abroad organisations offer a full refund if you change your mind. So you can make an informed decision on which one is best for you!
The cost of a Volunteer Abroad Programme is the final factor to take into account while making a decision. To get to your destination, you’ll have to fly across the world and board multiple planes. Budget for airfare is also necessary, as it will make up most of the cost of participating in a volunteer programme. It will be worth it, however. It is important to not let these worries keep you from applying to volunteer programmes.
The benefits and drawbacks of each volunteer programme vary widely. It is necessary for each volunteer to adjust to the lifestyle, schedule, weather, and cultural customs that are unique to their host nation. When you return home, see if you can do a little experimenting with the customs of your nation of origin.
Consider your finances before applying to Volunteer Abroad Programmes. You’ll need money to get started. Volunteering abroad is a great way to obtain useful experience, regardless of where you’ll be living. After working in an unusual atmosphere, you’ll feel more at ease. In other words, you’ll be able to maximise your time abroad.
Because there is no upper age limit, the number of persons who enrol in Volunteer Abroad Programmes fluctuates significantly. Participation in a volunteer programme is often restricted to those who are at least eighteen years old. Programs for children, youth and adults are available. It is possible to find volunteer opportunities for all ages, however some are better suited to those with some educational background. Volunteering overseas is a terrific way to learn new skills and make your life more meaningful, regardless of your age. | <urn:uuid:77f37960-838e-4c02-8d32-78e3513e0d17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newgadgetzone.com/tips/how-to-select-volunteer-opportunities-abroad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949122 | 636 | 1.539063 | 2 |
12th June 2017
Ecoparc Forum 2017 in Neuchâtel
The interdisciplinary research project ACTIVE INTERFACES, conducted within the framework of the national research program NRP 70 "Energy Turnaround" of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), is co-organizer of the 9th Ecoparc Forum. Entitled "Solar potential of urban areas : towards new paradigms ?", this forum will be held on September 8th in the Auditorium of Microcity, an EPFL branch in Neuchâtel (Switzerland). This event will be the opportunity to bring together researchers, practitioners and public authorities to examine the evolutions taking place in urban territories.
According to projections for the energy transition, a significant part of electricity production will be of solar origin by 2050. In this context, the integration of photovoltaic energy production into the heart of urban territories is a major challenge for the coming decades, both for energy systems that have to integrate increased decentralization and for the built environment in the densification phase.
Despite technological and economic progress, only a small percentage of this potential is currently valued in the Swiss urban areas. Various obstacles tend to limit their implementation in urban renewal processes and to slow the emergence of a real value chain in this strategic domain.
Recent technological developments offer new perspectives, not only in terms of energy performance, but also in terms of industrial innovation and architectural integration. Thanks to an expanded range of technologies, textures and colors, photovoltaic systems can now be more easily integrated into the building envelope, both in the roof and façade. The result is new paradigms for urban and architectural projects, whether for new buildings or for renovations. Exceeding their current status as consumers, buildings are also likely to become electricity generators. This development is a major challenge to current practices, both at environmental and socio-economic levels.
In this context, the Ecoparc 2017 Forum is associated with the ACTIVE INTERFACES research project carried out within the framework of the PNR 70 of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). The objective aims to provide participants, researchers, practitioners, private investors or public authorities with an overview of the challenges, solutions and experiences associated with this in-depth evolution of the energy functioning of urban territories. | <urn:uuid:a6975c6b-ae3c-442a-b717-1868cdfc58fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.activeinterfaces.ch/en/news/2017/06/12/ecoparc-forum-2017-neuchatel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.909478 | 471 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Florence Foster Jenkins
Does anyone remember Tiny Tim, the singer and ukulele player who was popular in the late ‘60s? His real name was Herbert Khaury. He was a musical oddity, with his horrible tweed jacket and stringy long hair and falsetto voice. His signature number was “Tiptoe Through the Tulips.” He was married to “Miss Vicki” on the Tonight Show With Johnny Carson, and 40 million Americans tuned in. It was a freak show. People laughed at him. He didn’t care. He was making money.
The ironic thing is that he was actually a pretty good singer and could do a lot more than falsetto. He was said to know the music and lyrics to thousands of songs. I had his first album, back in the day, and it was quite original and inventive, with great orchestrations. But he remained a musical joke.
This is the story of an earlier musical joke. It opens by saying “Based on true events.” I like this a lot better than “This is a true story.” Yes, there really was a Florence Foster Jenkins, and she was married to St. Clair Bayfield for twenty-five years without consummating the marriage. (Her husband gave her syphilis on their wedding night, when she was eighteen.) Her piano accompanist really was Cosmé McMoon (played by Simon Helburg from The Big Bang Theory.) She really was friends with Arturo Toscanini. There are a lot of other things that are true. But much of the story has been very much altered. I often don’t mind this if it makes for a better story, and in this case I think it does.
Once more we are shown that Meryl Streep can do anything. We know she is a good singer from having seen her in other films. Here, she has to be a very bad singer. I mean, the worst. You could jam a cattle prod up the ass of a cat and not get a sound worse than Florence Foster Jenkins. Yet she performed constantly. Some of her fans were Cole Porter and Lily Pons, the opera singer. Why, one wonders? Another good question is, did she have any notion of just how transcendently bad she was?
Those questions are sort of up for grabs. Some say she knew, some say she was oblivious. Her audiences were carefully selected by St. Clair, who spent much of his life protecting her from ridicule, and never included music critics. And she seems to have been a genuinely nice person. But most important, I think, is that she was filthy rich. That explains why Toscanini came knocking on her door. Symphonies have always been desperate for wealthy patrons. Cole Porter, I’m not so sure about. It’s possible that he enjoyed laughing at her, though not out loud. Society did not laugh. Her concerts were well-attended.
Then she booked Carnegie Hall for an evening. The audience howled with laughter, but she soldiered on, and it’s possible she couldn’t hear the uproar. The syphilis might have damaged her ears, so it’s also possible that she couldn’t hear herself very well. Here is where the film deviates significantly from reality. What we see is the audience laughing at first, but then being shamed into quieting down and applauding. All the reviews the next day were great, except one in the Post. So St. Clair tries to keep her from seeing that one. Of course she does, and is crushed. What really happened is that all the reviews were devastatingly bad. And in this case, I think it makes for a better story. You may not agree. Maybe it would have been better to stick to the facts.
The movie is funny, and touching, and La Streep nails it again. We have come to expect that. What surprised me was how good Hugh Grant was. It’s not that he’s been bad, but I was getting a little tired of his mumbling, stammering, self-deprecating stock character. Here he is direct, incisive, and very much in control of things around him. It was nice to see him broaden himself. We really enjoyed this. | <urn:uuid:5ef4ee33-14a5-4777-b77e-fe923c6431f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://varley.net/movie_review/florence-foster-jenkins/?varley_movie_initial=f | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.991465 | 907 | 1.5625 | 2 |
● Methyl acetate is an organic compound.
● Appearance: colorless transparent liquid with fragrance
● Chemical formula: C3H6O2
● Solubility: slightly soluble in water, miscible in most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether
● Ethyl acetate is mainly used as an organic solvent and is a raw material for painting artificial leather and perfume. | <urn:uuid:60c3fe2b-ab70-4b94-9031-d73f3ee3b86c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jzjcschem.com/methyl-acetate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928518 | 80 | 1.929688 | 2 |
By Deane Waldman, May 10, 2018
Published on RealClearHealth.com
First Charlie Gard and now Alfie Evans. These are babies who, though verbally silent, still gave clarion warnings to proponents of single-payer health care: The government — not my parents — is in charge of my life, and the government chose death.
Charlie Gard was born in August 2015 with a rare genetic disorder that carried a poor long-term prognosis. In July 2017, little Charlie was just 23 months of age and on a ventilator. Over the objections of his parents, British doctors decided to withdraw life-sustaining care. According to British Courts, the National Health Service (NHS), the country’s single-payer system, is the ultimate medical decision maker — not the family. Ventilator support was withdrawn and Charlie died.
Starting in March 2018, another 23-month old British baby hit the headlines. Alfie Evans was a comatose child whose NHS doctors said his condition was hopeless. They wanted to terminate life support, but the parents wanted to transfer their child to Rome’s Bambino Gesu Pediatric Hospital for further care. The British High Court ruled against the parents’ wishes, leaving Alfie’s fate to the NHS. As Justice-Baroness Hale wrote in Aintree v James: “we [referring to patients] cannot always have what we want.” On April 28, 2018, with ventilatory support withdrawn, Alfie died.
Baroness Hale had previously written the following for the British High Court, the U.K.’s equivalent of the U.S. Supreme Court:
"Decision-makers must look at [the patient’s] welfare … the nature of the medical treatment in question, … they [decision makers] must try and put themselves in the place of the individual patient."
The patient is not the decision-maker.
According to the NHS Constitution, “You have the right to drugs and treatments that have been recommended by NICE.” The National Institute for Clinical Excellence is an agency that “advises” the government whether to authorize payments or withhold them for treatments deemed “not cost effective.” Your right to do what you and your doctor think best for you medically does not override what NICE decides is cost effective for the government. NICE was the model on which the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB) was created under the Affordable Care Act.
The conflict over who is ultimately in charge medically is not limited to Great Britain’s single-payer structure. In all government-run health-care systems, whether in Australia, Canada, or even here in the United States under Obamacare, final medical decisions are increasingly made by government, not patients in consultation with their doctors.
Consider the question “who’s in charge?” from two perspectives: that of the American public and that of physicians.
Americans prize their freedom above all else. When the government makes medical decisions against the patient’s wishes, it directly infringes on personal autonomy. It is doubtful that Americans would support a single-payer system if they understood what they have to give up in exchange for the promise of government-supplied health care: freedom to choose.
As for doctors: A fundamental tenet of medical ethics is that the patient chooses his or her care. The doctor advises but the patient decides. The patient — not doctor, much less the government or an insurance company — is the final arbiter.
In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act, which included the infamous IPAB — a government agency with the legal power to tell me what I could and could not do as a physician in my care of patients. This was morally unacceptable to me and so I withdrew from the clinical practice of medicine. I wonder how many of my medical colleagues who support single payer understand that in so doing, they are advocating turning over their responsibility for their patients’ welfare to a faceless government entity that does not even know their patients’ names.
In a health-care system controlled by the government, neither you nor your doctor is in control of your medical care — the government is. If the United States continues down this path, we may one day see American children share the same fate as Charlie Gard and Alfie Evans.
Why Read This Article:
Read how in Great Britain’s single payer system, the government “pulled the plug” on two babies against the wishes of their parents.
By Deane Waldman, MD, MBA, author of "The Cancer in the American Healthcare System"
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Pathology and Decision Science, and holds the “Consumer Advocate” position on the Board of Directors of the New Mexico Health Insurance Exchange, and Adjunct Scholar (Healthcare) for the Rio Grande Foundation.
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Copyright © 2015-2019 ADM Consulting & Books. All Rights Reserved. All other trademarks on this site are the property of their respective owners. Site design and maintenance by www.DesignStrategies.com. | <urn:uuid:c47bb16b-3b4b-4466-b64c-9d9cda4ffc7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.deanewaldman.com/in-single-payer%2C-washington-decides.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958929 | 1,096 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Normally no spark from just one coil is due to the coil assembly itself but since you already tried a new one, I'd suspect a broken wire between it and the Engine Computer. That should be detected by the computer and it should set a related fault code. Since it hasn't done that, you might suspect a problem inside the computer itself. It's more likely you'll find a corroded terminal in a connector, or a stretched terminal. The best way to find those is to unplug the connector right at the computer and make resistance measurements for all three circuits. If they all read about the same, suspect the computer. Be careful when sticking meter probes into the terminals because that's the most common way they get spread, then they don't make good contact with their mating terminals.
You can also use a scanner to command the computer to fire each coil without cranking the engine. If all of them fire when requested, that proves the computer, its control circuitry, and the coils are working. The top suspect then would be a cracked flex plate. Usually they won't just spin freely; they can shift position just enough that the crankshaft position sensor doesn't read some of the notches in it that tell the computer which coil to fire and when.
Wednesday, December 12th, 2012 AT 1:43 AM | <urn:uuid:7c9c034c-e315-4010-9456-9dcfe91ed45d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.2carpros.com/questions/1996-chrysler-town-country-3-8-there-coil-sensor-located-code-po340 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.962339 | 269 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Starting up takes a lot. A lot of time. A lot of energy. Perhaps a lot of money. And definitely a lot of planning. At the very beginning, a business owner is looking for revenue, low costs, and maximum upside, in an understandable effort to build a foundation for an economically sustainable enterprise. Having an economically sustainable enterprise–especially one that may eventually be sold–requires sufficient planning to document the assets of the firm and to ensure the firm legally owns those assets. With assets often come certain liabilities, completing the picture and value proposition of the business for owners, investors, and potential purchasers. As tempting as it can be to pass on early legal planning for a business in light of other demands that feel more immediate, that planning will show its value for a business of any size or type when avoiding headaches, heading off informal disputes and even full-on litigation. Learn the core legal considerations for a business in its inception stages, along with the pitfalls you can plan around as you build your business.
Business competition is the name of the game. One industry in particular, however, is taking the term “friendly competition” to heart.
Collaborative brewing, in which two or more breweries join forces to create a [new] product, has rapidly swept through the craft brewing industry. While brewery rivalries certainly exist, many brewers have discovered the benefits of teaming up. It allows brewers to expand their horizons, creating beers outside of brewers’ comfort zones. Breweries gain exposure to new markets and gain credibility. Consumers, on the other hand, relish the typically unconventional brews resulting from the pairing. Sometimes it even helps avoid legal battles, such as the case of Avery Brewery and Russian River Brewery’s “Collaboration Not Litigation” ale. Continue reading “Think Before You Brew” »
If you go into business for profit with someone, and if you don’t create a company like a corporation or an LLC, then your business automatically will be a partnership. However, a partnership does not give you any asset protection — you are 100% liable for the debts of the business — and it also gives each other partner the power to sign a contract that legally binds the business, even without your permission or knowledge.
Please visit the latest issue of Valley Business Front March [PDF link] for Keith Finch’s latest legal perspective on business pitfalls.
And if you’re interested in learning more about how to choose the right type of entity for your business, join us at our next round of Shark Bites this month. | <urn:uuid:cadb5a11-1637-4449-bb3d-e5666f6a88a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://creekmorelaw.com/tag/business-partnership/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944366 | 529 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Wives and Wanderers in a New Guinea Highlands Society by Marie Olive Reay. Francesca Merlan (ed). ANU Press 2014. 268 pages. ISBN 97819250212155 (paperback). Link here for free download
Marie Reay (1922-2004) was an Australian anthropologist, best known for work in the New Guinea Highlands. The manuscript for Wives and Wanderers was discovered in 2011, seven years after her death and 50 years after she had made her last amendments to it. Editor Francesca Merlan did a fine job in bringing it to publication and providing a valuable and stimulating Introduction. Some edited extracts follow - KJ
CANBERRA - Wives and Wanderers presents vivid, ethnographically based narrative of the lives of women of the Wahgi Valley in the Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea.
Marie Reay explores the experiences of courting, attraction, love, marriage, and the combination of male dominance and barely restrained female resentment and rebelliousness.
Her attention was focused on what she saw as a radical discontinuity in the socialisation of women in this part of New Guinea: a contrast between considerable freedom enjoyed by young women in the choice of male partners versus the sudden and dramatic deprivation of their freedom upon marriage.
She saw marriage as a traumatic, often violence-laden experience in their lives. Had it appeared earlier, Wives and Wanderers would have had a central place in the anthropological literature on Papua New Guinean societies, especially those of the Central Highlands.
And it would have been the foundational, indeed the first, book on women’s lives in that part of the world.
We may ask why the work did not appear in Reay’s lifetime? Reay was otherwise a fairly steady author; and she had worked on this manuscript for a long time.
Some of the ethnography upon which it is based goes back to Reay’s first fieldwork in the New Guinea Highlands in the early 1950s.
Why, then, did she not publish it? What considerations, perhaps hesitations, may have kept her from doing so? This Introduction offers some suggestions.
Though it lay unpublished so long, Wives and Wanderers remains amazingly contemporary.
Through publication now, it may yet find a place in the anthropological literatures of Highlands Papua New Guinea, and of feminism.
We anthropologists at The Australian National University were to hold a conference, ‘Anthropology’s futures: looking forward from 60 Years of Anthropology at The Australian National University’, in September 2011.
A couple of months before that, I was rummaging through many boxes of the papers and effects of Marie Reay in the basement of the Menzies Library at the university.
When I began to search through them, it became obvious to me that the collection contained previously unknown manuscripts and required work beyond ordinary archiving to assemble them. The rummaging turned out to be unexpectedly productive.
The many boxes of material from her long-term fieldwork in Papua New Guinea spanned a period from 1953 into the 1980s. During these years Reay made numerous field trips to the Wahgi Valley.
She was there so often that a contemporary and colleague, Jeremy Beckett, playfully called her ‘Our Lady of Perpetual Fieldwork’.
The present manuscript, unknown at her death, now appears to have been the first full monograph on women’s life in the Papua New Guinea Highlands.
Reay had been unusual in having shifted to fieldwork in Papua New Guinea from fieldwork with south-eastern Australian Aboriginal groups.
Crucially, during the period of increasing anthropological research in New Guinea from the 1950s when Reay began her work, Australia made its presence as colonial power felt in many parts of the country, and in the Highlands at least, was met with considerable enthusiasm.
A certain colonial privilege was assumed and enjoyed by most of these ethnographers, men and women. Some, such as Peter Lawrence, would tell anecdotes about the period, evoking a picture of the anthropologist’s privilege in summoning ‘natives’ to interview on the verandah and visiting the Australian plantocracy.
Reay, too, enjoyed some of these privileges. It is clear she had good access to the District Officer; that she had use of a car and driver; and that she had young male assistants who did her housekeeping and some gathered daily news, reported on court cases and other activities, and translated for her and helped her to transcribe.
However, this does not mean that female researchers were treated without prejudice Michael Young has noted that the Wahgi ‘god-administrator’ disapproved of female anthropologists, especially those who broke the ‘White Women’s Protection Law by wearing shorts’—which Reay did.
“Modified Bombay Bloomers,” Reay called them: capacious khaki shorts which she wrote “looked terrible” and would certainly “discourage any sexual passion that happened to be present”.
Like female anthropologists elsewhere, Reay was treated by New Guineans as an honorary male in that she was regularly present at otherwise gender-restricted ceremonies and events.
Reay used to refer to her time in Papua New Guinea as ‘meadow work’, making a humorous contrast with the more ordinary anthropologist’s ‘fieldwork’. She obviously enjoyed her time there.
In contrast to her absorption in fieldwork, Reay’s academic situations, and especially her appointment at The Australian National University, tried her, particularly in latter years.
Anthropologist Michael Young remarked that Reay observed a succession of male departmental chairs and different styles of academic leadership.
“As a graduate student she had been exploited by Elkin, bullied by Nadel, and patronised by Stanner, so she took a dim view of god-professors in general, and tended to remain aloof from departmental politics,” he wrote.
From personal acquaintance with Marie when I was at The Australian National University in 1981 as a visiting junior academic, and from conversations in the late 1990s, when I and my family visited her in her home on the central coast of New South Wales, I can attest that, at least for some of her working years, she felt persecuted under particular departmental chairmanship.
She said she was closely monitored by professor and departmental head Derek Freeman, who often gave her up to 10 directives and notes a day about her duties, and (at some point) denied her the right of supervising postgraduate students (though she clearly did supervise a number of students).
She also, perhaps in conjunction with this, had some periods of mental instability and recurrent depression in later years. Reay remained bitter about the treatment meted out to her to the end of her life.
Probably not often mentioned outright, but certainly well known, was the fact that Marie was lesbian. She lived at some distance, with a female companion, in a small town about 30 kilometres from Canberra, rather secluded from most university contacts.
However, in some ways she was flamboyant rather than reclusive. For a period of time she drove a little, bright red sports car. And she was socially active in many ways outside the university.
In her declining years she lived with her sister on the NSW coast north of Sydney, hoping (she remarked sardonically) to outlive certain academics who had made her life difficult in Canberra.
Was Reay a feminist in the sense of having a particular interest in women’s lives, or liberation?
Through all her Wahgi ethnographic work, her focus on women’s lives, and the inequalities they lived with shaped a good part of what she did.
This was not through prior decision or commitment on her part; in fact, the reality of women’s lives, and their work, seems not to have appealed to her, nor to have particularly evoked her sympathy or personal interest: she regarded it as tedious.
She evidently found much more interesting the conduct of court cases and politics, including developing electoral politics in Papua New Guinea. She was personally in sympathy with some individuals, following their ups and downs closely, and offering them help and rewards as seemed right to her.
She recorded unflinchingly the considerable amount of violence through which women were kept in line in Kuma society.
This connected with a strong feeling she had concerning personal freedom, her view of women’s fate as denial of freedom to them, and her view of Wahgi society as riven by powerful tensions.
In concluding her book Reay suggests that should women be treated more fairly and equally, and be enabled to have more control over their own lives
While much change has occurred in the meantime, it is difficult to say that the social order has become radically altered or unrecognisable. Nor have women become ‘free’ in the way Reay considered desirable.
It is speculative, but Reay may have shared some sense of oppression with them, especially in light of persecution she suffered in her academic situation, but perhaps also more generally.
Such sensibilities as these, however, did not make of her an easy personality.
She had high academic standards. She was evidently an acute observer and admirable ethnographer, and left behind copious valuable field materials. An excellent and exacting writer herself, she could be an acerbic critic of other people’s expression.
She could be intimidating and abrasive to students and junior colleagues, though moderating her sharpness with sly, dry humour. She could also be kind and generously attentive to students.
Many academics such as myself, who shared a corridor and many interests with her, found her at the best of times to be a sharp, receptive though sometimes slightly testy interlocutor and critic.
If her not publishing this book in her lifetime was an exercise of the same critical sense against herself, I think that was unfortunate.
The book is hereby available and readers can judge for themselves its place in feminist, anthropological, and specifically Melanesianist literatures.
Top row left to right - Dr Peter Lawrence (Research Fellow), Mr CA Valentine (Fulbright Scholar), Dr Derek Freeman (Senior Fellow), Dr Adrian Mayer (Research Fellow), Mr Ron Penny (Research Fellow), Dr Walter Svoboda (Scholar);
Bottom row left to right - Miss Helen Woodger (Secretary), Dr WEH Stanner (Reader), Mrs Fancy Lawrence (Departmental Assistant), Professor Fred Nadel (Head of Department), Miss Marie Reay (Scholar) | <urn:uuid:78b1844b-ae4b-4811-a2ce-88a3dbbcd182> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pngattitude.com/2021/07/the-book-that-went-missing-for-50-years.html?cid=6a00d83454f2ec69e2026bdee2bbab200c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.977553 | 2,208 | 1.960938 | 2 |
The philosopher and journalist Hannah Andorra Email Lists Arendt used to say that a society is sick when only “exceptional” beings are capable of reacting normally to abuse. For people surrounded by bad examples, behaving correctly is a titanic effort, a fight against the current with respect to the behaviors they see, and that are tolerated or even applauded by managers. It is known that the fastest way to corrupt the Andorra Email Lists organizational culture is by implanting inappropriate remuneration models, which encourage Andorra Email Lists unethical conduct or reckless risk-taking . There are sick organizations because their remuneration schemes encourage people to act in the opposite direction to the ethical messages that they also spread. Some even reward bad Andorra Email Lists behavior if it pays off in the short term. It is not surprising that modern compliance standards emphasize the need to review this facet.
Inversion of individual conscience and due obedience
There is a clear symptomatology that helps to Andorra Email Lists identify organizations that are experiencing serious cultural problems . Trivialization of irregular behavior The thoughtlessness about certain irregular behaviors and their reiteration incorporate them into normality. Sometimes Andorra Email Lists this is not due to a conscious approach or just a desired one, being the result of the inertia that drags the organization. This causes the trivialization of irregular behaviors, which are part of the ordinary work environment. Occasionally, Andorra Email Lists they are disguised with euphemisms , such as applying “the usual treatment”, “doing the usual”, “greasing the situation” Andorra Email Lists or many other terms that sweeten the sad reality. Identifying these terms is a first step in detecting bad practices, meditating on their causes, and eradicating them.
People who become aware of these irregularities Andorra Email Lists may suffer a syndrome similar to Capgras , where their perception is perceived as paranoid for other subjects in the work environment. This explains why many of them end up hiding their unease, instead of openly sharing it with others. We Andorra Email Lists thus understand that the main international standards on Compliance ( ISO 37001: 2016 Andorra Email Lists and ISO 37301: 2021 ) underline the need to establish internal procedures for “raising concerns”. Being a Andorra Email Lists broader concept than “whistleblowing” -specific-, it makes it easier to communicate uneasiness due to widespread malpractice. | <urn:uuid:c6f51f9d-f5aa-4c6c-b92f-dd731460136b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hongkonglead.com/compliance-sick-organizations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931358 | 513 | 1.765625 | 2 |
André-Dieudonné Kolingba was the fourth president of the Central African Republic from 1981 to 1993 after taking power from David Dacko.
With a substantial financial backing from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, Kolingba blessed members of the Yakoma tribe with lucrative political positions.
His favoritism caused friction between southerners and northerners sparking violent battles. His entire time in office was smeared with corruption.
In 2003, Kolingba asked for public forgiveness for his transgressions while president.
He died in France on February 7, 2010. | <urn:uuid:98717ddf-14ec-417e-990b-84d4c92510e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://face2faceafrica.com/article/7-ruthless-black-leaders-who-didnt-deserve-asylum-after-fleeing-into-exile/8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947044 | 140 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Definition of Cloud
An on-demand Internet-based computing system delivering shared processing resources and data to computers and other devices. Networks, servers, storage, applications and services use such cloud –based system for easy progression. Cloud computing and storage provided to store and process the data in third-party data centers. The cloud system works efficiently and helps on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economy of scale.
Brief Description of Cloud
Cloud computing as a service share resources, software, and information and then provided to computers and other devices as a utility over a network (typically the Internet). Clouds are of the following types like public, private or hybrid. Cloud computing benefits companies by reducing infrastructure costs and it allows enterprises to upgrade their applications in a swift speed with enhanced manageability and a reduced amount of maintenance. Cloud ensures IT for better adjustment of resources through which fluctuating business demand are met. Cloud provides a “pay as you go” facility. Cloud computing technology delivers the advantages of, cheap cost of services, high performance, scalability, accessibility and availability. A growth rates of 50% per year is estimated from some companies | <urn:uuid:09f64ed6-794d-41f6-b27a-968c02aaaab5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cloudopedia.com/cloud/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.930332 | 230 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Bill to legalize marijuana in Maine falters in committee
Published on 5/29/15
Maine legalized medical marijuana in 1999 and nearly 10 years later added a market for patients to legally purchase their medicine. This week a legislative committee voted against legalizing a recreational marijuana bill after much debate, but as with many other states, given the opportunity, voters may legalize the recreational use of the drug in 2016. The rejected bill would've allowed adults 21 and over to purchase up to an ounce of pot with a 10% tax that would benefit public school renovations as well as substance abuse and drug and alcohol awareness programs.
Under the compromise unveiled Thursday, the bill would allow up to 45 marijuana retail stores around the state, including up to four in Cumberland County and three in York County. But stores would be allowed only in municipalities where residents vote to allow retail operations. | <urn:uuid:a0f6c3bf-bb76-4431-844b-cc9d14b924e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wheresweed.com/blog/news/2015/may/bill-to-legalize-marijuana-in-maine-falters-in-committee | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971986 | 173 | 1.757813 | 2 |
A Comprehensive Guide To Technical Report Writing Skills
All you need to know about Technical Writing and Technical Report Writing Skills.
As the word suggests Technical Writing is writing that involves a particular art, craft, subjects, or techniques. Technical Writing is a specified way of writing a given piece of information in such a way that it is free of any technical jargon and the only technical knowledge of any specific field and facts are stated in a simpler and less complex form to its targeted readers.
Technical Writing acts as a bridge between the specified readers for which the piece is specifically written and the technicians who have developed or produced that product or UI. Technical Writing summarizes the important points of the product that needs to be known by its users or readers in a way that can be understood by people of any background, language, or ethnicity easily.
Examples of Technical Writing is; Annual Report, Books, Computer Hardware Guide, Magazine, Newspaper letters, Organizational Manuals, Articles, Software Guides, Technical Reports, etc.
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All you need to know about the Technical Report Writing can be put under 4 different categories:
- Technical Report Writing
- What is Technical Report Writing Skills?
- Why should you acquire Technical Report Writing Skills?
- Who can become a Technical Report Writer?
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Technical Report Writing
Technical Report Writing is writing where you prepare a report from given or known information conveying all the important data and technical knowledge required to be understood by its readers or users.
Technical Report Writing should have the following structure:
|● Title||Technical Report Writing must start from the title of the page describing the main content of the report in limited words.|
|● Introduction||Stating the objective of the report and clarifying how the report is going to be presented to educate the reader well is a core of Technical Writing.|
|● Content||It is a list of numbers or sections into which the body of the report is going to be divided.|
|● Body||It is the main report representing technical writing and informing the user or reader of the report about the product or UI in the most simple and useful way possible depending on the targeted audience. It is the most important part of the Technical Writing Report.|
|● Diagrams, Graphs, Tables, and Mathematics||Technical Writing also involves- Additional Diagrams, Graphs, Tables, and Mathematics to communicate the facts properly.|
|● Summary||The summary of Technical writing states the important points from the entire report including the results and conclusions derived from it.|
|● Conclusion||It is a short and logical summary of the technical Writing and the resulting understanding of the report.|
|● References||sources of the material that helped you to prepare the report are listed here, including the name of books, link to the websites, articles, etc.|
|● Bibliography||Additional sources of the materials are listed here that can help your reader or the user of the report to get more information about that specific topic or to get a better background knowledge.|
|● Acknowledgment||A list of people who helped you in preparing this report is mentioned.|
|● Appendices||Any additional material that can be useful to the readers who are interested in taking more in-depth analysis and views on the subject.|
With the increase in scientific research, developments of various software and products, the career opportunities for the Technical Report Writers are said to be rising rapidly. Excessive Globalization and Digitalization have led to an increase in the dependency of people around the globe on our gadgets for work, education, entertainment, and from ordering home delivery of luxury items to availing the basic necessities at home.
The definition of everything is changing due to the situation created because of the pandemic, we are living in for more than a year. From the ways of marketing to the means and techniques of sale, level of entertainment, and the depth of the new discoveries, everything is leading towards our more reliability of the digital contents and less one-to-one human interaction. That makes being a Technical Report Writing one of the fastest-growing career opportunities.
Also, read about Technical Writing courses as a first step to building yourself a prolific career in technical writing
Technical Report Writing Skills
Technical Report Writing Skills is a set of skills required to become a Technical Report Writer and succeed in the profession of Technical Writing.
The basic skills involved in the preparation of a professional Technical Report Writing are as follows;
Solid written and verbal communication skill-
For writing a professional Technical Report, you need to have good verbal communication skills as the instructions and technical information that need to be reflected in your writing is going to be dictated by the technical experts who created or made the product.
Technical knowledge is not enough for good Technical Report Writing as the user or reader needs to understand the language, concept, and usefulness of the developed UI or product properly. For better understanding, the written piece must be articulated according to the nature and intentions of the targeted group and their general behavior. That makes good writing skills a very important skill for Technical Report Writing.
A strong technical mindset with the ability to learn new technologies-
Technical Report Writing doesn’t involve any flowery language or personal opinions. Technical Report Writing is a skill that requires a quality knowledge and understanding of the techniques and interest in the new technologies. As the topic dealt with in these writings are only facts and figures, that is why a strong technical mindset becomes an important skill in representing the true knowledge of the papers.
Super skills in using technical documentation and related software
Technical Documentation tells the architecture, functionality, or creation of the created product or developed software to its users. It’s something like a how-to guide or instructions where how the said product is going to be used or operated is explained to its targeted consumers. To become a Technical Writer, you need to have the ability and skills to describe the use or functioning of the given product in a precise and accurate manner with a complete understanding of the product and its targeted user.
Ability to write clearly and concisely for the intended audience
Technical Writing as discussed earlier is writing that involves 4 C’s – Clear, Concise, Correct, Careful. The Technical Writer needs to be clear with his/her idea of where the report is going, providing all the information and facts concisely, using the correct terms and data, and be careful with the easy readability, understandability while being super informative at the same time.
A Technical Writer works with many technical professionals, observes and understands their work very closely so that they will be able to articulate the whole process and data in their report precisely and easily. A Technical Writer needs to have Team playing skills to gain long-term success in the projects and life.
Ability to multitask
The Technical Report Writer needs to be able to work on multiple projects at the same time. Big companies sometimes provide you with multiple projects with different techniques to be able to handle that level of pressure and still be able to complete their job accurately is a must skill.
Learn about the integrated digital marketing strategy with the Best Digital Marketing Course
Why should you acquire Technical Report Writing Skills?
Writing Skills are taught to us right from our schools, but the difference between Writing Skills and Technical Report Writing Skills is that in writing skills you are taught to write a personal essay or report based on your opinions, experience, or judgments but in Technical Report Writing Skills you learn to write professional reports based on the verified information and accurate data, according to the mindset and the requirements of the target readers or users.
In Technical Report Writing, you need to prepare a precise and user-friendly report so that there is no chance of any miscommunication between the developers of the given product or software and the reader of that report. It is the art of preparing jargon-free, useful, and informative reports.
These are the perks of learning the skill of Technical Report Writing –
- Technical Report Writing Skills helps you present a technical professional or educational report precisely and with complete accuracy. This kind of ability can add a golden star to your resume or grades.
- Once in a survey, it was found that Written Communication skills are always at the top priority of an employer’s wish list. So if you apply for a job and have a certification in Technical Report Writing Skills then there are higher chances for your employer to put you on their “preference list”.
- Good Writing Skills are often a consideration in a professional promotion. An ability to prepare a report with conciseness and correctness presents you as a skillful professional in the office with a clarity of his/her work and words.
- Many Corporations and Companies look and hire a skillful professional with Technical Report Writing Skills who can prepare reports for their developed products or software with simple usability and easy readability. Working with such companies as a permanent Technical Writer not only provides you a steady monthly income but also secures many additional employee benefits.
- You can opt to freelance with your Technical Report Writing Skills and enjoy the pleasure of work-from-home or you could also take multiple projects at the same time if you are capable of producing quality reports for all of them on time.
- As the name suggests this Report Writing Skill is solely dedicated to technical fields so if you are a technology enthusiast and love technology or new techniques, then you can take the Technical Report Writing Skills to become a Technical Report Writer.
Who can become a Technical Report Writer?
Any individual with good Technical Communication Skills can become a Technical Report Writer but to have good technical knowledge you need to be either a student of engineering/computer applications or have a strong passion for new techniques and technology to acquire sufficient knowledge and a solid interest to keep acquiring the knowledge of Technical fields.
Technical Report Writing involves writing a report with easier readability, but at the same time providing all the information required to be communicated to the reader or the user of the product or the software in a less complicated and precise form. All technical jargon, terms that can be misleading or have a risk of being misinterpreted is avoided and a very practical, professional, and clear report is prepared by the Technical Writer.
For doing these a technical professional needs to be well qualified and skillful with his/her words, verbal or written too, as at first he/she needs to take all the notes and guidance from the technical experts by trying to avoid any misuse, omission, or overuse of words and data and then communicate that knowledge in a way that people of all diversity and background can easily understand it.
So, in short, you need to have the following qualification to become a Technical Writer:
- Degree in Engineering or Computer Application
- Good verbal and writing communication skills
- Interest and Passion for Technologies with a Certification in Technical Report Writing from a qualified institution. | <urn:uuid:fde3e407-882d-4421-b810-2e8f7e48b35d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iimskills.com/technical-report-writing-skills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941184 | 2,282 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Amongst this very informative reading, I found one point to be more relatable to me than the rest:
“The reigning economic system is founded on isolation; at the same time it is a circular process designed to produce isolation. Isolation underpins technology, and technology isolates in its turn; all goods proposed by the spectacular system, from cars to televisions, also serve as weapons for that system as it strives to reinforce the isolation of “the lonely crowd”. “
I just felt that our lifestyles are pretty ironic, after reading this particular part of the reading, that we are all slaves to this economic system, in chase of technological items that provide us entertainment and a sense of belonging. We tend to find a manmade item, and through that we watch interactions of other humans, to diminish that sense of loneliness that we feel at times, instead of going out to find people that we can interact with. And yet, we still are too dependent on these items to find solace, to immerse ourselves in an imaginary world of happiness and comfort. | <urn:uuid:1718b1d8-eae9-446c-b3b6-63fb9b2bea0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oss.adm.ntu.edu.sg/alee041/tag/narrative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957817 | 220 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Just in time for the new deficit-conscious Republican Congress, Sen. Lindsey Graham is calling for the American military to be in Afghanistan permanently.
His call for permanent U.S. bases in Afghanistan is not particularly novel -- his close Senate buddy John McCain has been saying the same thing since at least 2005. But Graham's formulation, that an American military presence is something to be "earned" by a foreign population, is a striking reflection of his neo-imperialist worldview. As he said on Meet the Press Sunday:
Graham: I want an enduring relationship with Afghanistan past 2014 , politically, economically, and militarily, so that country never goes back into the hands of the Taliban or al-Qaeda . The two words that will be talked about in 2011 with Afghanistan are "corruption" and " Pakistan ." I am hopeful the Pakistani army will be more bold in attacking safe havens across the border that lie in Pakistan . I hope the Karzai government will better address corruption. I hope we can find an enduring relationship with Afghanistan that will make sure that country never goes back in the hands of terrorists. And the idea of putting permanent military bases on the table in 2011 , I think would secure our national interest and tell the bad guys and the good guys we're not leaving, we're staying, in a responsible way if the Afghan people want us to stay.
David Gregory: But that's important. You believe a permanent U.S. military presence in Afghanistan is required in order to head off a potential failed state in the future?
Graham: I think it would be enormously beneficial to the region , as well as Afghanistan. We've had air bases all over the world . A couple of air bases in Afghanistan would allow the Afghan security forces an edge against the Taliban in perpetuity. It would be a signal to Pakistan that the Taliban are never going to come back in Afghanistan. They could change their behavior. It would be a signal to the whole region that Afghanistan is going to be a new and different place. And if the Afghan people want this relationship, they're going to have to earn it. But I hope they will seek a relationship with the United States of where we can have an enduring relationship, economic and militarily and politically. And a couple of air bases in Afghanistan will give us an edge militarily, give the Afghan security forces an edge militarily, to ensure that country never goes back into the hands of the Taliban , which would be a stabilizing event throughout the whole region. That has to be earned by the Afghan people, and it has to be requested by them.
So, as Graham suggests, a push for permanent Afghan bases is something to look for from the new Congress this year. This is not actually so far off from the Obama administration's position, which currently provides for an indefinite, rather than specifically permanent, military presence in Afghanistan.
Here's the video of Graham on Sunday: | <urn:uuid:64b949d3-b2a7-4e5e-8422-be0d456d1e58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.salon.com/2011/01/03/graham_permanent_afghan_bases/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961286 | 590 | 1.515625 | 2 |
YHWH is a transliteration from Hebrew into English of God’s personal name. It is sometimes called the tetragrammeton, which comes from Greek and means “four letters.”
Y stands for yod — י
H stands for hey — ה
W stands for waw or vav — ו
H stands for hey — ה
It looks like this in Hebrew, but remember that Hebrew is read right to left.
In English translation, it is usually transliterated by Jehovah or Yahweh. Transliteration is the giving of the letters of one language in the letters of another. One of the problems of transliterating YHWH is the question of what vowels go with these letters. Hebrew is written without vowels except when dealing with the Masoretic text. The Masoretes were Jewish scribes from about A.D. 500 to 1000, who provided vowel points (vowel indicators) to aid with correct pronunciation. However, YHWH was not pronounced out of reverence for God, and the correct pronunciation can only be guessed at now. When a reader reached this point in the text they would say either adonai (my Lord) or elohim (God) — the latter being said when YHWH appeared with the word “lord” already. The Masoretes put the vowels for adonai or elohim on YHWH in the text since the reader was actually going to say adonai or elohim.
Jehovah as a transliteration goes back to ecclesiastical Latin in the 16th century A.D. or possibly even as far back as 1100 A.D. However, the transliteration was made with the vowels of adonai (my Lord). Yahweh is the attempt of modern scholarship to determine the correct vowels for YHWH and indicate that in the transliteration.
YHWH occurs over 6000 times in the Old Testament. The King James Version only renders 4 of those occurrences as Jehovah. The ASV is more consistent and has Jehovah 6779 times. Other translations use LORD or GOD in all capital letters to indicate YHWH following the later Jewish practice of saying either adonai (my Lord) or elohim (God) when encountering the divine name.
As a Bible reader, I like to know this background so that I’m aware of God’s personal name and be able to identify when it occurs, because certain passages make more sense that way.
So he built an altar there and called upon the name of the LORD and pitched his tent there… (Genesis 26:25, ESV) — Lord is a title. YHWH, however, is a name. When you understand that LORD is standing for YHWH, the passage makes more sense.
But Pharaoh said, “Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice and let Israel go? I do not know the LORD, and moreover, I will not let Israel go.” (Exodus 5:2, ESV) — Pharaoh is saying he doesn’t know YHWH as opposed to the gods of Egypt whose names he did know.
I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. (Exodus 20:2, ESV) The preface to the Ten Commandments names YHWH as the one who has delivered them. They lived in a polytheistic setting. This identification is important.
The above passages are examples. In many places, knowing that you are dealing with the divine name helps make the passage clearer. The preface to most modern Bible translations are going to tell you how the translators have chosen to handle the divine name. | <urn:uuid:1c5c8931-b2b8-4100-85e2-d4ed223f33a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whiletoday.com/category/tetragrammeton/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955244 | 795 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Our chocolate recipe
We developed our own milk chocolate at the renowned food training College – William Angliss in Melbourne. This chocolate has become our main entry vehicle for Japan, China, Taiwan, Singapore, United Kingdom, Philippines, the Middle East and later, the U.S markets.
Chocolate Grove purchased Jardine Confectionery in 2006 which gave us a second lower priced brand of boxed chocolate macadamias to offer customers. By 2008 our export sales were increasing rapidly but the global financial crisis in late 2008 saw the end of that cycle. Exports almost disappeared and the overall effect of the GFC was that sales across the board fell by more than 50%. This meant taking on board some cost reduction measures and concentrating on increasing sales within Australia. Our strategy was to increase the product range to over fifty lines and to offer contract manufacturing. We now supply a wide range of industries including the recent addition of health products in chocolate.
Producing chocolate is only just the start of the journey, as our chocolate is then panned, enrobed, decorated and moulded. These skills are used to create an amazing array of over eighty different product lines and give us the ability to produce large volumes to fulfil our contract manufacturing requirements.
Our premium milk chocolate has a creamy sweet taste. It is made from Australian milk powder and sugar, with cocoa beans sourced from Ghana and contains a 36% cocoa mass. It is an “all natural” chocolate.
Our dark chocolate is a premium Belgian style containing 56% cocoa mass. It has a “rich” flavour without the bitterness associated with other dark lines. It is a Belgian-style dark with no milk components, and is also “all natural”.
Our white chocolate is a very creamy and sweet Belgian style white. Its main ingredients are Australian milk and sugar with a low cocoa content.
Our chocolate products contain:
• NO vegetable fat or palm oil.
• Many are gluten free. We are the only Australian company with Coeliac Association accreditation.
• Our dark chocolate chocolate is dairy free. | <urn:uuid:f6e6459d-3161-4259-b9bb-f3cae9bd4626> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chocolategrove.com/our-story/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950733 | 435 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Contributed by Kaelee Nelson, writer and content specialist.
There are now over 1 million novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases worldwide. In an effort to stop the spread and “flatten the curve” through social distancing, much of the world has been on a stay-at-home order.
Many nonessential businesses have been forced to close their doors to the public during this pandemic. For many organizations, this, unfortunately, means placing a temporary pause on operations and potentially laying off employees until business can safely resume. Other entities, though, have found a way to keep operations running with a remote workforce—and the applicant pool of potential candidates is massive.
According to The New York Times, nearly 4 billion people—half of the world’s population—found themselves under a mandate to stay inside. Displaced workers across the world are seeking ways to earn money online from the safety of their homes while health safety measures are in effect. | <urn:uuid:1000aca1-bfaa-4d3e-ac80-c82349d39016> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.eonetwork.org/tag/kaelee-nelson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961065 | 201 | 1.742188 | 2 |
‘Let food be the medicine and medicine be the food’ – Hippocrates
Nutrition and healthy lifestyle is a big part of the Functional Medicine approach.
We often do not realise that food is one of our most important contributors to health and well-being.
It is also about our perception of these self-healing lifestyle practices.
- medicine as it influences our health and creates wellbeing or disease
- energy as it provides us with the necessary nutrients which can be transformed into energy by the powerhouses in our cells
- information as anything we put in our mouth is the information to our body which may evoke the ‘danger’ response or send a message for the body to calm down and reduce inflammation, change our cellular processes and gene expression
- community and tradition as meals are eaten and shared with our family and friends and influenced by the culture
- nutrition for our gut bacteria which in turn influence our health and well-being
- healing through the connection with nature and her resources when the food we choose to eat becomes part of our body
Movement is …
- building our framework
- overcoming limitations
- flexibility and strength
- adaptability and growth
- regeneration and rejuvenation,
- part of the circadian rhythm,
- time for the subconscious mind, bedroom
Stress transformation is…
- joy, playfulness, happiness
- activities when you are in ‘flow’
- activation of the parasympathetic nervous system (meditation, breathing, journaling, mindfulness)
- self-care practices – rituals, ceremonies and healing habits,
- self-compassion and felling of safety
Healthy habits and lifestyle cannot be built overnight, but small steps at the time. It is not always about what we do but rather how we do it. Exercise benefits may depend on the type of training, meals before and after and time of the day. Sleep patterns are heavily influenced by exposure to the blue light. Stress may not be only psychological but also physical or chemical. All those small nuances play a role and by addressing them we create habits which are ‘smarter’ as we get the greater benefit with less effort. When we create small lifestyle rituals and ceremonies we will be drawn to our self-care time!
If you want to learn more about nutrition, healthy habits and building self-compassion rather than counting calories, let me help you on your journey. We will dive into science but we will use also common sense and your preferences. Regardless of your conditions, there is so much we can achieve! | <urn:uuid:21ea8016-c1cb-4936-a764-534c15571149> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://convaliahealth.com/nutrition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945828 | 534 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Welcome to Brooklyn!
The State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University is the only academic medical center for health education, research, and patient care serving the 2.6 million residents of the borough of Brooklyn. The borough is estimated to be the ninth largest county in the United States, and if it were a city, it is estimated it would rank as the third largest city.
Students who attend SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University have the distinct pleasure of partaking in all the sights and sounds that New York City and the surrounding areas have to offer. Whether it be strolling the lively Coney Island boardwalk, basking in the garden oasis that is the Brooklyn Botanical Gardens, enjoying a concert or sporting event at Barclay’s Center, or taking in a Broadway play, our students have a plethora of entertainment and relaxation options at their fingertips when taking a break from the world class yet affordable education we offer.
Brooklyn’s rich culture brings with it a unique patient population with needs related to culture, language, education, and income. Students who choose Downstate care about making a difference. They choose Downstate because they want to work in healthcare that is focused on the community it serves.
SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University has a four-pronged mission geared toward fostering the development and proficiency of interprofessional skills through collaborative learning across all of its colleges. Our students learn team-based communication skills to advocate for the best possible patient health outcomes. In this unique environment, upon graduation, students will be prepared to function effectively in a healthcare team.
SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University is one of four such campuses within the 64-unit State University of New York system. Located on an urban campus in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn, SUNY Downstate is comprised of:
- College of Medicine
- School of Health Professions
- College of Nursing
- School of Graduate Studies
- School of Public Health
- Downstate University Hospital
This complex organization serves the needs of a larger and more diverse urban constituency than any other such center in the country. It upholds a special responsibility to solve difficult problems found primarily in urban areas, and to serve those who are underserved. | <urn:uuid:72c24d29-b6b4-4c9e-9f8f-9df244273df2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.downstate.edu/education-training/college-of-medicine/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945944 | 464 | 1.757813 | 2 |
mid-15c., "to perform publicly with appropriate rites," originally of the Mass, from Latin celebratus "much-frequented; kept solemn; famous," past participle of celebrare "assemble to honor," also "to publish; sing praises of; practice often," originally "to frequent in great numbers," from celeber "frequented, populous, crowded;" with transferred senses of "well-attended; famous; often-repeated." Its etymology is unknown.
General sense of "commemorate or honor with demonstrations of joy" is from 1550s; formerly it also could be with demonstrations of sorrow or regret. Meaning "make widely known, praise, glorify" is from 1610s. Related: Celebrated; celebrating.
"much-talked-about, having celebrity, famous," 1660s, past-participle adjective from celebrate (v.).
"one who celebrates" in any sense, 1731, from French célébrant "officiating clergyman" (in celebrating the eucharist) or directly from Latin celebrantem (nominative celebrans), present participle of celebrare "assemble together; sing the praises of; practice often" (see celebrate).
1520s, "honoring of a day or season by appropriate festivities," formed in English from celebrate, or else from Latin celebrationem (nominative celebratio) "numerous attendance" (especially upon a festival celebration), noun of action from past-participle stem of celebrare. Meaning "performance of a religious ceremony" (especially the Eucharist) is from 1570s; that of "extolling in speeches, etc." is from 1670s.
late 14c., "solemn rite or ceremony," from Old French celebrité "celebration" or directly from Latin celibritatem (nominative celebritas) "multitude, fame," from celeber "frequented, populous" (see celebrate). Meaning "condition of being famous" is from c. 1600; that of "a famous person" is from 1849.
When the old gods withdraw, the empty thrones cry out for a successor, and with good management, or even without management, almost any perishable bag of bones may be hoisted into the vacant seat. [E.R. Dodds, "The Greeks and the Irrational"]
Muse of tragedy, originally of song and musical harmony, from Latin, from Greek Melpomene, literally "songstress," from melpein "to sing, to celebrate with song and dance," a word of unknown origin.
"witches' sabbath," a midnight meeting supposed to have been held annually by demons, sorcerers, and witches under the leadership of Satan, to celebrate their orgies, 1650s, a special application of the French form of Sabbath (q.v.).
"pertaining to or characteristic of the mystic festivals of ancient Greece; characterized by wild revelry, frantically enthusiastic," 1690s, from Latinized form of Greek orgiastikos "fit for orgies, exciting," from orgiastes "one who celebrates orgies," from orgiazein "to celebrate orgies," from orgia "secret religous rites or customs" (see orgy). | <urn:uuid:1e0bc46b-2dae-4798-aa0f-d987372bbaf1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=celebrate&type=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935417 | 695 | 3.546875 | 4 |
There have been many mining initiatives in the cryptocurrency industry. First, Bitcoin and Ethereum required miners to purchase expensive and high-energy use mining rigs.
Miners would spend their bitcoin rewards on crypto gambling on the best crypto casino or even staking their BTC in different blockchain projects.
Other blockchain projects like Cardano use the proof-of-stake protocol, which does not require expensive equipment and consumes very little electricity.
The next step in crypto mining comes from Helium. Helium mining only requires a small device that consumes 5W of electricity.
This guide will give an overview of Helium Inc, how mining works, Helium’s native token (HNT), the hardware needed for mining, and if it is still profitable to mine HNT.
What Is Helium Inc?
Helium Inc. is the company that created the Helium network. This network caters to IoT devices, enabling long-range connectivity and coverage between these devices and the internet. These IoT devices need to support LoRaWAN (low-power wide-area network). This type of network focuses on covering large distances on low-powered devices.
Furthermore, the Helium network uses hotspots to provide wireless coverage on the network. These hotspots are small devices that people can install in their homes. They are low-powered and allow people to earn the Helium token (HNT) if they run the hotspot and connect it to the Helium blockchain.
The Helium blockchain provides the wireless network with security and a way to earn HNT. Helium hotspot owners can help the network verify other hotspots and mint new HNT through the blockchain’s consensus mechanisms.
Lastly, The Helium network allows IoT devices to communicate with the internet and other devices. It does not require a massive investment in hardware. Helium enthusiasts can even build hotspots if they do not want to buy a hotspot for around $400. It only consumes around 5W of energy compared to other mining rigs that can consume over 250W.
Helium Inc. History
Helium started as a wireless infrastructure company in 2013. Their first projects involved creating wireless network products that could transfer small bits of data from IoT devices to the network. They used the 802. 14.5 radio protocol, but the company soon realized that its devices did not meet the requirements for its vision.
In 2018, the company announced the Helium hotspots and blockchain network. These two technologies combined allowed Helium to take steps towards its vision of creating an IoT network. The hotspot is the hardware that provides coverage. While the blockchain helps verify and compensate users for setting up the network.
Amir Haleem is the co-founder and current CEO of Helium. He has experience in the gaming industry and served as CTO at Diversion.
CTO Marc Nijdam previously worked at Yahoo and has over two decades of experience in the technology industry.
Frank Mong is Helium’s COO. With over two decades of experience in the cyber-security industry, he oversees business growth and marketing.
Lastly, the other co-founders, Shawn Fanning and Sean Carey, have left the company. But Shawn Fanning remains in an advisory capacity.
How Does Helium Mining Work?
The Helium network is also known as the People’s network. It uses a new kind of consensus mechanism called Proof of Coverage (PoC). It differs from the traditional Proof of Work (PoW) mechanism employed by Bitcoin and Ethereum. PoW relies on high-energy hardware like ASIC miners or GPUs to solve complex mathematical problems.
PoC, on the other hand, uses radio waves from Helium hotspots to achieve consensus on the blockchain. It specifically uses radiofrequency (RF) for three reasons.
Firstly, RF has no latency because it travels at the speed of light. This is significant because the network can verify transactions faster, and it increases the blockchain’s throughput.
Secondly, RF has distance restrictions. It can only reach a certain physical distance before losing efficacy. Thirdly, RF signal strength can determine where the signal came from.
This is important because hotspots can measure these distances to ascertain how much coverage another hotspot has. This, in turn, determines that hotspot’s HNT rewards.
Why Proof Of Coverage?
Helium designed PoC based on three main principles. These are permissionless, decentralized design, and Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT).
To provide a permissionless network, Helium needs to work with a host of different hotspots. PoC allows the creation of custom hotspots if they can complete challenges and meet network requirements.
Next, PoC does not reward miners based on their electricity consumption or adding more hotspots in the same area. Instead, it only provides rewards based on physical distance and continued operation. This means that one miner cannot deploy multiple hotspots in the same area to create a monopoly. This makes the network decentralized by design.
Lastly, PoC ensures that it is BFT by using HoneyBadgerBFT. Here the protocol elects a consensus group. They vote on which transactions go into the next block in the network. They use threshold encryption. All transactions undergo this encryption with a shared public key. The consensus group needs to cooperate to decrypt the transactions. This ensures that no single actor can append transactions to the network.
PoC works with connected hotspots that send each other challenges. These challenges are small tasks that a hotspot needs to complete to satisfy the PoC mechanisms.
Moreover, there are three actors in the challenge. There are the challengers, transmitters, and witnesses.
Challengers create challenges and send them to Transmitters. This occurs roughly every 240 blocks on the Helium network.
Furthermore, Transmitters is the challenged hotspot. Its task is to send data packets that the Challenger requires to complete the challenge. This is called beaconing.
Lastly, Witnesses are hotspots that are in the proximity of Transmitters. Their job is to verify that Transmitters are sending the correct data packets and completing the challenges.
Any hotspot can perform these roles during operation. This means that all connected hotspots receive an HNT reward. The hotspot owner does not need to perform any actions except ensuring their hotspot is well-placed.
Proof Of Stake On Helium
Helium launched a proof-of-stake consensus protocol on the blockchain to improve the network’s scalability and throughput. Helium wants commercial-grade validators to join the network. This includes companies and service providers that can reliably use strong hardware and fast network connections.
Validators need to stake 10 000 HNT into a staking pool and have data center grade hardware. Individual users can also stake their HNT in various validator pools and earn a passive income.
The Helium Token, HNT, launched with the Helium blockchain and is the network’s native currency. Helium also has another currency, data credits, which fund certain functions on the network.
The best way to get HNT is to contribute to Helium mining. This means being a hotspot owner and running the hardware in areas where HNT rewards are higher.
HNT did not have a pre-mine event, and its max supply is 223 million. And Helium has divided HNT distribution among three groups in its 1st year (2019). The first group is Network Data Transfer. They receive 30% of the total supply for sending and receiving data packets.
The second group, Hotspot Infrastructure, receives 35% for participating in Helium mining. The final group, Helium, Inc., and Investors receive 35% for blockchain governance.
Helium is also actively changing the HNT distribution over time. In the beginning, a larger proportion of HNT distribution will go towards growing the network. Currently, the network’s growth cannot meet the demand for hotspots because of the global chip shortage.
Accordingly, as the network grows, it will distribute more HNT for transferring data and less to investors. Helium will halt distribution changes after 20 years.
Furthermore, Helium implemented HNT halving for the number of HNT that can be mined. Since its genesis block in 2019, it has mined 5M HNT per month. On 1st August 2021, it halved to 2.5M HNT per month.
Helium users can swap their HNT for Data Credits. Data Credits is the only mode of payment for sending data over the Helium network. This means that Helium users need to trade in their HNT to use the network’s services.
Data Credits have a fixed price in US dollars, which is $0.00001. Data Credit holders cannot transfer their funds to other users. And each time a user converts their HNT to Data Credits, the converted HNT is removed from the circulating supply. This is called burning, and it is meant to keep HNT and Data Credits in a Burn-And-Mint Equilibrium.
Is Helium Mining Profitable?
Helium launched HNT as an incentive for people to grow the People’s Network. This means that in the first stages of the network’s expansion, hotspot owners receive higher profits from challenges and witnessing them.
Currently, it is nearly impossible to buy a Helium-approved hotspot. There are waiting periods that stretch to eight months. This is due to the global chip shortage.
On the other hand, profiting from Helium mining depends on your geographic location and the state of the Helium network in the area. Profits can differ if you live in a dense, rural, or remote area.
Firstly, in a dense area with many hotspots already connected to the Helium network, it is much more challenging to earn HNT. This is because other hotspots already provide coverage for a specific area. The best way to earn HNT from Helium mining in this area is to be a witness to challenges. This is less effective because there might not be many challenges in a widely covered area.
Secondly, in a rural area with fewer connected hotspots, there is a higher possibility of profit from Helium mining. This is because the network is smaller, and there is more room for growth. This means that there will be more opportunities to witness and issue challenges as more people set up their hotspots.
Thirdly, in a remote area, there are very few opportunities to issue and witness challenges with a connected hotspot. But setting up a hotspot early might bring you profits as the network grows in the area.
HNT holders can become validators on the Helium network. To become a validator, you need to stake 10 000 HNT into the Helium staking pool and have the required internet connection. Helium does not recommend a home internet connection.
Additionally, a validator pool earns 6% of overall HNT rewards for performing consensus group tasks. Individual validators receive rewards depending on the size of the validator pool, how often they are chosen for a consensus group.
Helium Mining Hardware
To begin Helium mining, you need a Helium-approved hotspot. These are physical devices that enable their owners to participate in growing the Helium network through transmitting data and mining HNT.
Helium provides a list of compatible hotspots on its website. Any third-party manufacturers and vendors need the approval of the Helium community before being listed.
The original Helium hotspot launched in 2019 to the US market. It is currently sold out in North America and Europe.
Furthermore, the Helium hotspot does not require much setup. All you need to do is find a suitable location to place the hotspot. Preferably, it should be placed in an elevated area (if you buy an outdoor hotspot) or near a window without electronic interference.
Next, you plug it in. You can monitor the hotspot’s performance from the Helium Hotspot app.
The Helium network is a novel implementation of blockchain technology. It uses HNT as an incentive for people to set up their Helium hotspots to grow the network.
Helium’s vision involves a LoRaWan peer-to-peer network that is permissionless and decentralized. At this stage of the project, people can earn profits from running their hotspot and from staking HNT in a staking pool.
In summary, Helium’s novel project might change drastically in the next year. This includes how miners profit from the network and the value of HNT as the network continues to burn and half the cryptocurrency. | <urn:uuid:afc750b3-cd00-4b83-a293-34b723910e8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.bc.game/helium-mining/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941849 | 2,631 | 2.71875 | 3 |
For Decades Aboriginal Elders have tried to explain to the best of their ability, that we need to Heal the SPIRIT .
To an ignorant society ( those with no exposure or with limited understanding) healing the SPIRIT is constantly changed to spirituality, this in turn has a religious connotation. Healing the SPIRIT has nothing to do with any religion or any ritual its about Healing the SPIRIT'S own trauma from its past.
As Aboriginal people, or descendants of the First Peoples, we acknowledge the living SPIRIT of a being to understand that all living things have a SPIRIT, every tree, every rock, every insect, every animal. We understand that each SPIRIT is evolving through time .
While the Vehicle ( body) may age, the SPIRIT is timeless and immortal and part of the greater continuum. The SPIRIT knows all and has witnessed everything throughout time, it has witnessed every moment. The SPIRIT is aware of the past, present and future.
Our Ancestors knew and understood this ; each language group had their own word that identified this greater connection in life. A word that encapsulated this timeless existence, where past, present, and future always exist. Today using the modern English language here in Australia, it is commonly referred to as the Dreaming, or the Dreamtime.
Many do not understand what the Dreaming means to Aboriginal people, how connected they are to it and how the Dreaming is interwoven into the fabric of their DNA , to their psyche and their connection to Country.
For Aboriginal people the Dreaming is more than a romantic idea, it is a direct connection to LORE and an accessible realm that is not separate from man, the Dreaming informs people.
Today the language of quantum physics can interpret the fact that there are many dimensions, all things are connected and more than one reality exists.
Dreamtime Healing using Holographic Kinetics works with the SPIRIT of a person to change the hologram that was created in a dimension of time, a running program, that is repeating itself as a pattern through time, until we go back to the point of its creation and change it.
Aboriginal people, the First Peoples, understood that what they do today may affect generations to come. Every thought, every word, every action & every deed creates our reality. We are responsible for our thoughts, actions, words and deeds , for our reality.
We are responsible for care taking life and the Earth for our future generations.
We must awaken to our SPIRIT and remember LORE and bring our lives back into BALANCE.
All things are worked out, First in the unseen, This is the cause, Before it manifests in the seen, This is the effect
"Changing the Past
In the Present
For the Future
Nothing has to be the way it was "
Founder & Creator of | <urn:uuid:a749f9dd-ef28-423d-a349-01320fbda46f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.holographickinetics.com/the-spirit-the-dreaming | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958896 | 612 | 2.3125 | 2 |
socioeconomic status and educational development/success
Write a 10 page research paper that summarizes the current research literature in said area of educational psychology (socioeconomic status and educational development/success).
Goal is to both a) explain what recent research has found/ said about topic, and b) in the context of this, describe at least a few specific studies that have addressed the topic.
Include bibliography/references section at the end of paper. In addition, need to make clear which study(s) are being discussed throughout paper using APA formatting.
Writer qualifications: American/ English with background in education or educational psychology.
References for paper.
1. Rowan-Kenyon, H. T. (2007). Predictors of Delayed College Enrollment and the Impact of Socioeconomic Status. Journal Of Higher Education, 78(2), 188-214.
2. Dugdale, A. E., & Siew Tin, C. (1977). Factors influencing school achievement of children from low socioeconomic groups in Malaysia.International Journal Of Psychology, 12(1), 39.
3. Shuqiang, Z. (2009). The Impact of Economic Disadvantage on Academic Achievement in Hawaii: A Multi-level Analysis. International Journal Of Learning, 16(7), 367.
4. Henry, K., Cavanagh, T., & Oetting, E. (2011). Perceived Parental Investment in School as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Socio-Economic Indicators and Educational Outcomes in Rural America. Journal Of Youth & Adolescence, 40(9), 1164-1177. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9616-4
5. Crosnoe, R., & Cooper, C. E. (2010). Economically Disadvantaged Children’s Transitions into Elementary School: Linking Family Processes, School Contexts, and Educational Policy. American Educational Research Journal, 47(2), 258-291.
ORDER THIS ESSAY HERE NOW AND GET A DISCOUNT !!! | <urn:uuid:4d31be3b-00af-45e8-a698-2d278e51f7a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://writemyessayhub.com/socioeconomic-status-and-educational-developmentsuccess/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.827765 | 430 | 2.296875 | 2 |
For most of us, 25 December will mark a Christmas Day unlike any other. Christmas tables will be quieter, gatherings will be cancelled, and shop fronts will be darkened. Yet the festive decorations lining the country’s streets, squares, and shopping centres are as unchanged as ever. Despite the British population’s confinement to their households, town councils and authorities have worked hard and invested a vast amount of money in lighting the nation’s silent streets.
While the financial cost and merit of this year’s street displays is certainly open to question, the environmental price of these festive aesthetics is also worth taking into consideration. According to NASA reports, outside Christmas light displays increase the planet’s brightness by up to 50 percent. This increase in illumination comes at a cost, using mass amounts of energy and amounting towards a rise in light pollution.
Many of Britain’s busiest and most notorious high streets have sought to enhance the energy efficiency of their lighting installations by switching to LED bulbs. For instance, the bulbs powering the displays on London’s Oxford Street, the self-purported ‘home of Christmas’, are powered by renewable energy sources. While LED bulbs may be considered more environmentally friendly in some respects, using 75 percent less energy than their incandescent counterparts, environmental campaigners have emphasised that the switch to LED lighting does nothing to counter the issue surrounding light pollution. Furthermore, London’s entrance into Tier 4 restrictions means that Oxford Street will be largely depleted of its usual festive shoppers, while the windows of many of the street’s non-essential shops will fall into darkness, questioning both the economic and environmental worth of maintaining the festive illuminations.
However, the conflict between festive aesthetics and environmental responsibility is complicated by the emotional importance of this year’s festivities. For many, Christmas this year will provide an opportunity for celebration and good cheer after a year of uncertainty, chaos, and loss. The Christmas installations illuminating the country’s radically changed high streets have come to represent a single indication of normality and stability following twenty twenty’s upheaval of routine and tradition. As cheesy as it sounds, the fairy lights and garlands overhanging empty shop-fronts remind us to recognise that light and beauty can be found even on the darkest of winter evenings.
This year’s illuminations on Oxford Street further complicate the debate surrounding the environmental ethics of lighting the nation’s deserted streets over the festive period. The 222,000 lightbulbs which contribute towards the display align to formulate a tribute to the heroes that have eased the turmoil of twenty twenty. Each week the name of a different hero appears in lights above London’s city centre, serving as a collective thank you and a reminder of the human resilience and hope that has persisted despite the calamity of coronavirus.
Yet even these commendable installations come at an environmental cost. If this year’s pandemic has taught us anything it is that the human race is unequipped to deal with planetary disruption. The international citizen-science campaign team, Globe at Night, has sought to emphasise light pollution’s detrimental impact on the environment, asserting that too much light pollution ‘washes out starlight in the sky, interferes with astronomical research, disrupts ecosystems, has adverse health effects, and wastes energy.’ In order to ensure that this year’s festivities lead us into a happier new year, our aesthetic methods of celebration must be re-evaluated so that they do not compromise our environmental security.
Image: Oxford Street Christmas 2020 | <urn:uuid:52cd15b9-50a5-4899-870b-fc67567de49a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.palatinate.org.uk/christmas-contribution-to-climate-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.931664 | 736 | 2.84375 | 3 |
This book was published in 1956 by World Landmark books a division of Random House. Our copy has a dustcover that we will protect with Brodart Archival Covering. It is a rare find.
Leonardo Da Vinci -Emily Hahn illustrated by Mimi Korach
If you are looking for books that are not dumbed down for your intermediate readers these books are for you. They are well-written and as the book states: “They will not only hold the interest of good readers but lure the reluctant ones.” —Chicago Tribune
We have seen this rare book for much more without the dust jacket. However, we would rather see it in the hands of a reader than wait for someone to pay full retail. Let’s have an education revolution for our young people.
1 in stock | <urn:uuid:687d1050-79a0-4179-b682-58f7092513ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://debsbookparadise.com/product/leonardo-da-vinci-emily-hahn-illustrated-by-mimi-korach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971004 | 169 | 2.515625 | 3 |
S. Korea threatens to ‘destroy North beyond recovery’ if provoked
South Korea has been angered by Pyongyang’s latest missile launch, with president Moon Jae-in warning that further provocations could result in complete destruction. He also ruled out the possibility of opening a dialogue with the belligerent North.
“In case North Korea undertakes provocations against us or our ally, we have the power to destroy (the North) beyond recovery,” the South Korean leader said on Friday as cited by Yonhap news agency.
Moon was speaking after North Korea launched a missile earlier in the day that flew through Japanese airspace and landed in the Pacific Ocean some 2,000 km east of Japan. Seoul immediately convened a National Security Council (NSC) meeting, where Moon condemned the launch, saying the North had once again breached United Nations Security Council resolutions and “poses a grave challenge to the peace and stability of the Korean Peninsula and the global community,” according to RT’s Ruptly news agency.
“I sternly condemn and express anger at this series of provocations by the North,” Moon is quoted as saying by Yonhap.
The South Korean president also said that dialogue between the South and the North is currently impossible and called for greater pressure on the North.
“Dialogue is impossible in a situation like this,” Moon said.
“International sanctions and pressure will further tighten to force North Korea to choose no other option but to step forward on the path to genuine dialogue.”
South Korea also should be prepared to new types of threats from the North, including biological ones and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) weapons, Yonhap reports citing presidential spokesman Park Soo-hyun.
While Seoul still wants to wants use diplomatic means to solve the crisis on the Korean Peninsula and pressure Pyongyang to halt nuclear and missile programs, it also pushes to cooperation with the US in the defense sphere. President Moon called for an early revision of the agreement with US President Donald Trump, allowing the deployment of heavier warheads on South Korean missiles.
The second flight of North Korean missile over Japan occurred on Friday morning, with the first one having taken place in late August. The projectile covered a distance of around 3,700km over Japan, which is 1,000km more than previously, and fell into the North Pacific Ocean.
Moon was reportedly alerted in advance and ordered to conduct military drills after the North had fired the missile. South Korea fired two Hyunmoo-2 ballistic missiles just six minutes after the North Korean missile launch, while the North’s projectile was still flying, according to Yonhap.
One of the missiles failed “in the initial stage” and the other flew some 250km and “accurately hit” a simulated target in the East Sea (as the Koreas prefer to name the Sea of Japan), the South Korean military said, as cited by the agency.
On Thursday, Pyongyang threatened to “sink” Japan and to “wipe out” South Korea following the adoption of a new UN Security Council sanctions resolution this week, in response to the regime’s recent nuclear test. | <urn:uuid:68a452f1-f3a9-476b-8cbb-6d6e399989eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rt.com/news/403399-south-korea-north-destruction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.955476 | 655 | 1.695313 | 2 |
April 28th, 2007: The web site has been set up.
May 3rd, 2007:Update of the web site with information from the SIG.
The document describing the SIG that appears in the conference proceedings is available here.
Here are the slides used by the presenters during the SIG.
The roadmap pictures will be here soon. A powerpoint version of the roadmap will be here too.
Attending the SIG
The SIG has been scheduled in room C4 in the convention centre where CHI 2007 is held.
Tuesday May 1st 2007 (from 11.30 to 13.00) (slides will be here)
- Short introduction about the SIG (10 mn)
- Short presentations (20 mn)
- Gathering feedback from audience (10 mn)
- Presentation of some case studies (10 mn)
- Listing of issues and solutions for dealing with Safety, Usability, Reliability and Evolvability (20 mn)
- Discussion and summary (20 mn)
List of participants
|Haynes||Steven||Pennstate University, USA|
|Mc Cabe||Larry||Hansen Medical|
|Vand der Zaag||Bert||Motorola|
|Tang||Charlotte||University of Calgary|
|Palanque||Philippe||Universitť Toulouse 3, France|
|Bernhaupt||Regina||University of Salzburg, Austria|
|Blandford||Ann||UCLIC, University College London, England|
While a significant effort is currently being undertaken by the CHI community in order to apply and extend current usability evaluation techniques to new kinds of interaction techniques very little has been done to improve the reliability of software offering these kinds of interaction techniques. As these new interaction techniques are currently more and more used in the field of command and control safety critical systems the potential of incident or accidents increases. Similarly, the non reliability of interactive software can jeopardize usability evaluation by showing unexpected or undesired behaviors. Lastly, iterative design processes promote multiple designs through evolvable prototypes in order to accommodate requirements changes and results from usability evaluations thus reducing reliability of the final system by lack of global and structured design. The aim of this SIG is to provide a forum for both researchers and practitioners interested in safety critical interactive systems. Our goal is to define a roadmap of activities to cross fertilize usability, reliability and safety for these kinds of systems to minimize duplicate efforts and reuse knowledge in all the communities involved.
The SIG has been prepared under the auspices of the Network of Excellence ResIST
The SIG has been prepared under the auspices of the Research Training Network ADVISES (finished in December 2006
and under the auspices of the IFIP Working Group 13.5 on Human Error Safety and System Development | <urn:uuid:a40c7d4a-7ce8-44de-820c-04ced964c11b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.irit.fr/recherches/ICS/events/conferences/chi/sigs/SIGchi2007.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.861191 | 688 | 1.507813 | 2 |
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Imaging is the process of capturing, storing, displaying, and printing graphical information. This process includes the capturing of paper documents for archival purposes. Imaging procedures involve the use of scanners to capture the image and optical disks to store the many megabytes of information the captured images contain.
Imaging systems allow users on a network to store and call up imaged documents from centralized image storage systems. The network provides easy access to these files so users don't need to make a trip to the back-office storage area or request the files from an off-site location. Imaging is part of document processing and workflow applications that manage the way documents move through an organization.
Imaging is part of document processing and workflow applications that manage the way documents move through an organization. But imaging systems stand on their own. They are composed of hardware and software that manage the storage and archiving of documents for insurance companies, law offices, medical facilities, and other organizations that work with large volumes of paper. A well-known securities firm that processes large volumes of paper daily is imaging all its new accounts to phase in the technology. The process starts when new applications enter the system via fax machine. The application can then be viewed by a number of users and stored for later viewing.
Document imaging has many benefits, as listed here:
Unlike paper systems, which could be lost in a fire, imaged documents provide a higher level of loss protection because they are easily replicated to various locations. Storing documents in multiple locations also makes them more accessible by the users at those locations. Images stored on optical disk are also easier to carry to off-site, secure locations. See Document Management and Storage Management Systems
OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is another aspect of imaging. OCR converts character images on paper into the ASCII equivalent of the characters, which can then be stored on disk. ASCII information can also be edited and copied.
Imaging documents such as invoices and purchase order for processing and storage brings EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) to mind. If you are doing business with other companies on a regular basis, you should investigate this technology since it allows organizations to exchange standard electronic documents like invoices. See EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
Copyright (c) 2001 Tom Sheldon and Big Sur Multimedia. | <urn:uuid:c96d444b-6896-4296-9ad4-465fd15337b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.linktionary.com/i/imaging.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.921865 | 602 | 2.6875 | 3 |
If you live in Saskatoon and desire your home to be heat resistant and energy efficient, then the solution is blown-in attic insulation.
Blown insulation helps your home retain cool air and stops heat from coming into your home during the summer. It enables you to achieve the opposite in winter. This is one way of reducing your heating and cooling bills.
Blow-in attic insulation in Saskatoon is a better solution than the traditional insulation method if your attic is older or requires an update.
BLOW-IN ATTIC INSTALLATION
Insulation installation in Saskatoon is similar to what is obtained in other developed cities in the world. It entails the filling of stud or covering the attic floor with any loose material of your choice.
You start blow-in insulation by using a blower hose to spray your chosen airy insulation material all over the attic floor and into desired cavities as someone else on your team will feed fiberglass mineral wool into an attic space. The team member continues spreading the fiberglass wool and ensures the cavities are stuffed to the desired satisfaction or evenly coat the wool all over the attic floor until the desired thickness is achieved.
HOW LONG IT TAKES TO INSTALL A BLOW-IN ATTIC INSULATION
Blown-in attic insulation installation takes about the whole day, unlike faced batting and rolling, which takes longer to install. However, Saskatoon insulation installation will take more time if an old insulation needs to be first removed. It will take a few days for the blown-in attic insulation to be fully installed in such cases.
It is dangerous to allow children access to the blown-in attic insulation installed in your home when spread on the floor. Nowadays, blown in attic insulation in Saskatoon is free of asbestos. The insulation installation process does not make use of organic or non-toxic materials. Also, make sure a foremost roofing company does the insulation installation.
HOW TO UNINSTALL A BLOWN ATTIC INSULATION
When the blown attic insulation in your home expires, it is necessary to remove it with the right tools and professional support. The expired attic insulation may result from too much dirt or dust, and this will make you feel uncomfortable during winter and summer.
If your attic insulation was done with cellulose, you would need an adequate high-powered bucket vacuum with enough suction power to extract the insulation. You'll need to cover your furniture and other equipment in your home to prevent the cellulose from causing a huge mess in your home. Also, you'll need a big bag to put the cellulose. However, ensure the air is out before tying the bag. A leading professional will need about 10 hours to remove cellulose attic insulation.
This is different when your attic insulation was done with fiberglass batt. The preparation involves wearing a long sleeve, goggle, and a paper mask. You start by rolling up the batts from the extreme corner of the attic. Then drop the rolled-up batts in a big bag. The space in your attic and your roof's pitch will determine the number of hours required to remove fiberglass batt insulation. With professional help, about 8 hours will do.
WHAT IS A VIABLE REPLACEMENT TO BLOWN ATTIC INSULATION?
The best replacement to blown attic insulation is poly and spray foam insulators which are sprayed into the cavities of buildings and expand to fit into the surroundings. You have a choice between closed-cell and open-cell, depending on your desire. It is low cost, provides a sound barrier, permeable to moisture, and flexible.
Should you need professional help with blown Attic Insulation in Saskatoon, Wilderness Roofing Saskatoon remains your best option. Contact Wilderness Roofing Saskatoon for a free quotation: | <urn:uuid:24f5b219-a589-4698-a6e3-d6bea8dc937c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://800roofusa.com/800roofusa.php?Action=1&k=blown-attic-insulation-saskatoon&PageID=323920 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933065 | 786 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Zverinac is the island of Zadar archipelago of just 4.2km², with the highest peak of Klis rising 111m above sea level and only 59 inhabitants. It is mentioned for the first time in 1421. In the only settlement of the same name, Zverinac, there is a baroque palace from 1746, while the bay of Poripisce keeps some remains from the Roman times. The island is connected to Zadar by boat lines, and there is a grocery store and a restaurant beside the main pier in the village. The island is covered with dense bushes and olive groves, and it can be reached by car, although there is no road traffic. Accommodation in Zverinac can be found only in apartments of private houses providing intimacy and introducing with modesty, yet comfort, of Dalmatian island lifestyle.
If you are looking for a private apartment for spending your vacation in Zverinac, browse through our offer bellow and find your perfect holiday accommodation in Zverinac. Also in offer: hotels and camps, yacht charters and other tourist facilities in Zverinac and sorroundings. | <urn:uuid:ec88170b-307c-4142-8b19-ba5ead247d61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.direct-croatia.com/apartments/zverinac | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946066 | 244 | 1.5625 | 2 |
By Iqbal Ahmed
The schoolchildren in Dhaka took to the streets on July 29th 2018, after a public bus ran down a group of their peers near the international airport, killing two and injuring many more. What followed was both extraordinary and unprecedented. Schoolchildren started a citywide blockade, demanding road safety and justice for the students that were killed.
The chain of events that spread over the next few days, not only in Dhaka but also in other cities around Bangladesh, are important because this is the first time children in Bangladesh have taken to the streets in order to start an effective movement for change. Furthermore, what makes this movement unique is that students took over the role of law enforcement duties on the streets, as they started to check the validity of drivers’ licenses, vehicle registrations, and controlling traffic. To this end, children’s agency and capacity for participation in influencing policy makers, civil leaders, and organising campaigns needs to be acknowledged and discussed.
This is the first time children in Bangladesh have taken to the streets in order to start an effective movement for change.
Among academics, children’s rights and participation are subject to constant debate and discussion. Broadly speaking, these topics are seen through western intellectuals, conventions and perspectives. To them, children in the global South are construed as too vulnerable to talk about the issues that are important to them. This argument cannot be disregarded considering children’s issues such as lack of education, health, hygiene and child labour are prevalent among societies. This is not just in the developing world but also in developed countries.
Yet, the recent children’s movement in Dhaka has told us that the younger generation are capable actors – to organise events and movements, to have their voices heard regardless of issues that are important for their safety, education, growth and development. As they see it, they want not to be just citizens, but citizens with citizenship.
There is a notable difference between the two concepts – whilst being a citizen implies being a member of state, citizenship has a ‘political dimension’ that requires exercising rights, having dignity as a member of the society, and developing capacity to make decisions and actions.
Children in Dhaka demand a nine-point agenda, including requirements on road safety for children.
Having said this, children in Dhaka demand a nine-point agenda, including requirements on road safety for children by installing speed-breakers and overpasses near schools, to reform traffic laws with effective engagement from the Bangladesh Police, who are responsible for maintaining and enforcing traffic laws.
Bangladesh has a weak system of governance, accountability and transparency. The government institutions are responsible for maintaining order and civility. Yet corruption and invincibility of power among many powerful brokers (i.e. ministers, high-ranking government officials) has betrayed the nation, its leadership, and its people for some time now.
An example of the power and fear of losing influence is the infiltration of various groups – presumably from the opposition – among the schoolchildren to destabilise the movement. It has been reported that the selling of school uniforms during the last few days spiked. The infiltrators are apparently taking part in the demonstration by disguising as school students and taking part in the beating of students, whilst vandalising cars and buses.
Politics aside, there is another cultural issue that people in Bangladesh are generally reluctant to discuss – that they hardly look to themselves for their own wrongdoings. Regardless of the number of streets, they wouldn’t be anywhere near as unsafe were people doing their part – that is to use the overbridge, and to stop crossing the street haphazardly, force rickshaw-wallahs to go against the traffic and bus conductors to stop wherever they want. Going forward, people of Bangladesh need to take collective responsibility for installing law and order. To this end, the children of July hit the pulse of the nation. They have had enough with unruly policy, politics and practice.
The July movement is an extraordinary example of children’s voice and agency in Bangladesh. Children, through their participation in the 2018 movement, have pointed their fingers to the policy makers to focus on a nation-building agenda, particularly addressing strategies to remove malpractices within politics and policy-making. This is critical to the ongoing development and the rise of Bangladesh as a proud sovereign nation that gained its Independence at the expense of three million lives in 1971.
Photo by Nahid Sultan vis Wikipedia Commons | <urn:uuid:39ff9036-2854-4874-bc0e-85ccfe4caf3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.palatinate.org.uk/the-children-of-july-a-social-movement-in-dhaka/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97513 | 916 | 2.546875 | 3 |
H3 is a massive commercial operation-in-waiting, developed over twenty years, with the sole purpose of trying to fix many of the world's biggest problems. We start with a big shock announcement all over the world, in social media, and with full page notices in twenty major newspapers to push forward a proposal to fix Climate Change, and another to create a new central bank for the world in order to stabilise the global economy in the wake of COVID.
These proposals hit the hot buttons of those with all the money and power in this world, and they are going to want to do them even more than greenies and altruists.
H3 commercial operations will be established over the course of its first three years, in power generation, construction, environmental engineering, aerospace, and robotics.
Most people would have heard some version of the line, "that if there was money in fixing poverty then it would be fixed overnight". The H3 organisation is based on a new approach to our biggest problems that is an intellectualised version of this idea, but it involves a lot more than just making money and can be applied to a lot more than just poverty.
You can get more on this new approach on The Prince Principle page, and there is a book of 116,000 words available that will tell people how to apply this new approach themselves, if that is something you want to do.
Proof of H3
| Home | H3 Literature | Contact |
| Climate Change | COVID Initiative | | <urn:uuid:c1855aa9-40b9-4ee2-a3cd-1ab09fdfc834> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.h3hq.org/h3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954269 | 320 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Online courses (MOOC)
Want to know more about topics related to this MSc track? There are several online courses available.
Are you fascinated by Geosciences and willing to take the challenge of predicting the nature and behavior of the Earth subsurface? This is your course! In a voyage through the Earth, you will explore the Earth interior and master the processes forming mountains and sedimentary basins.
Are you an engineer, scientist or technician? Are you dealing with measurements or big data, but are you unsure about how to proceed? This is the course that teaches you how to find the best estimates of the unknown parameters from noisy observations. You will also learn how to assess the quality of your results. | <urn:uuid:7905e8bd-9685-43a2-bf94-b1d70967a17f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tudelft.nl/onderwijs/opleidingen/masters/applied-earth-sciences/msc-applied-earth-sciences/online-courses-mooc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931898 | 147 | 2.515625 | 3 |
IBM denies sharing client data with NSA
US technology giant IBM has fought back against speculation that the company cooperated with the National Security Agency, publishing a letter to clients Friday in an attempt to distance itself from the embattled intelligence agency.
“IBM has not provided client data to the NSA or any other government agency under any surveillance program involving the bulk collection of content or metadata,” Robert Weber, the company’s senior vice president of legal and regulatory affairs, wrote in a blog post quoted by Reuters.
“If the US government were to serve a national security order on IBM to obtain data from an enterprise client and impose a gag order that prohibits IBM from notifying that client, IBM will take appropriate steps to challenge the gag order through judicial action or other means,” he went on.
The International Business Machines Corporation is a New York City-based multinational technology and consulting company.
Nicknamed “Big Blue,” IBM provides computer software and infrastructure, along with hosting and a number of other services to customers around the globe. It is consistently ranked among the most profitable and recognizable companies in the US.
Weber also claimed that IBM had not installed so-called “backdoors” into its products like other technology companies have, either voluntarily or otherwise. The classified documents leaked by NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden implicated Facebook, Google, Apple, and a number of other Silicon Valley giants, as well as Verizon and other major telecommunication companies.
"Our business model sets us apart from many of the companies that have been associated with the surveillance programs that have been disclosed,” Weber wrote. “Unlike those companies, IBM’s primary business does not involve providing telephone or Internet-based communication services to the general public. Rather, because the vast majority of our customers are other companies and organizations, we deal mainly with business data.”
Previous reports have speculated that the NSA revelations will cost US firms $35 billion over the next several years if international companies decide to take their business elsewhere, according to Sam Gustin of Time magazine.
With over half of its revenue base coming from clients located outside the US, Big Blue has already taken a hit, watching its revenue from China alone fall by 22 percent over the second half of 2013. News of the Snowden leak convinced Beijing to encourage state-owned companies to buy Chinese products rather than the typical US technology to avoid any espionage efforts.
“Governments must act to restore trust,” Weber wrote. “Technology often challenges us as a society. This is one instance in which both business and government must respond. Data is the next great natural resource, with the potential to improve lives and transform institutions for the better. However, establishing and maintaining the public’s trust in new technologies is essential.” | <urn:uuid:5742567a-2b6b-42e0-825b-96e0fef483f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rt.com/usa/ibm-denies-sharing-data-nsa-018/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956451 | 573 | 1.6875 | 2 |
“Stories are Everywhere”
Stories are everywhere. And there’s no one right way to discover them.
This probably isn’t a profound statement to adults. But maybe, just maybe, it might spark something in a kid.
THE RAMPART GUARDS was borne out of an hour of easy-going, not-too-intellectual television viewing. Television! That which we should all spend less time doing. If we want to better ourselves, we should be reading, or writing poetry, or exercising, or calling our parents or siblings, or hanging out with friends. Those are the things that make us better, more well-rounded people. Right? Television certainly isn’t going to do the trick.
But I watched television. And then I wrote a novel.
I was already immersed in the idea of writing a novel, and I’d been busy attending conferences and workshops, and exploring the world of publishing. I had some ideas for stories I could write, but nothing excited me. And then I watched an episode of Bones, and that night’s murderer appeared to be a chupacabra. What is a chupacabra? That’s exactly what I asked myself. A moment later I heard the word cryptozoologist and again found myself wondering what the characters on the show could possibly be talking about. Off to the Google I went.
For those of you who don’t know, a chupacabra is a creature, rumored to exist, that enjoys attacking and drinking the blood of goats. Lovely, no? Because its existence is not proven, the chupacabra falls into the category of cryptid. And the study of such creatures, which also includes things like Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Mongolian Death Worm, is the job of the cryptozoologist.
One Google led to another. I soon discovered that there were many unknown creatures that may or may not exist, and I was fascinated. This was the spark for me, that thing that triggered the “what if” questions, and research, and story development. And now THE RAMPART GUARDS exists.
What if I hadn’t been watching Bones that night? Would I have ever written THE RAMPART GUARDS? It’s tough to say. But if I hadn’t connected with this story, I believe something else would have found it’s way to me through some channel. My point being, it’s important for us to hold open every possible door for our kids to create, to think, to question. Yes, television can be mindless, and there are times when that, too, serves a purpose, in my humble opinion. But if we’re engaged, if we’re thinking, there is learning in everything.
By using activities and other things kids love to do every day, we can help kids stretch their minds in new ways. Ask them: what if a character from their favorite television show met someone from their favorite game? What would happen? Would they like each other? What kinds of things would they do together?
Maybe there’s a funny or unusual commercial running that everyone’s talking about. Ask what happened before those thirty seconds, or what happens afterward, or even how they might make the commercial better. (And if anyone can explain why Paul Giamatti is in that family’s home talking about Xfinity while they direct his performance, please enlighten me. I really don’t get it. At all. But I digress.)
What if iPhone’s Siri met Android’s Cortana?
What if we really lived in Candyland? What would each student’s house look like? Or where would they want to live on the Monopoly board and why?
What would happen to Bert and Ernie if Bert got a new job out of state?
What can be mixed up in their world right now, and envisioned in a different way? Can the students take a character out of a book the class is reading, and invent a new story for them? One that happens away from the story they’re reading? Or maybe it’s a person from history, or an event, or even one of those made up holidays like National Peanut Butter Day (which was January 24th, by the way)—why was it important to someone to establish National Peanut Butter Day? What is their story?
Is some of this silly? Sure. But I bet it made you think just a little bit differently, even for the brief moment when you read and wondered about National Peanut Butter Day, didn’t it? It opened you up, pushed you ever so slightly out of the box, and engaged you with a creative part of the brain that might otherwise sit dormant. Offer this to kids, too. Encourage them to be silly, and think differently about stories, and create their own new versions in the best, fun way.
As we know, learning is everywhere. And there’s no one way to discover, and love, learning.
The Rampart Guards: Chronicle One in the Adventures of Jason Lex
Author: Wendy Terrien
Published February 26th, 2016 by Camashea Press
Goodreads Summary: After his mom disappears, Jason Lex and his family move to a small town where he has no friends, no fun, no life. Things get worse when he’s chased by weird flying creatures that only he can see—Jason thinks he’s losing it.
But when Jason discovers new information about his family, he’s stunned to learn that creatures like Skyfish, Kappa, and the Mongolian Death Worm aren’t just stories on the Internet—they’re real and they live unseen alongside the human race. Many of these creatures naturally emit energy capable of incinerating humans. An invisible shield keeps these creatures hidden and protects the human race from their threatening force, but someone, or some thing, is trying to destroy it.
Unsure who he can trust, Jason is drawn into the fight to save the people closest to him, and he finds help in surprising places. Confronted with loss, uncertainty, and a devastating betrayal, Jason must make a gut-wrenching decision:
Who lives, and who dies?
About the Author:
Make sure to check out the rest of the blog tour!
**Thank you to Wendy and Sami for providing the guest post and having us be part of the blog tour!** | <urn:uuid:1b504d70-aa04-4fba-80ee-341a3155e869> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.unleashingreaders.com/9165 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959074 | 1,362 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Do you not know where to start. That’s why this article is for. The following article has some tips below can help you get started.
Test out stains on a scrap piece of wood. This will prevent you from getting an unwanted stain color looks different when it is applied.
There are usually specialists available to get you learn how to use the tool more quickly than learning it by yourself. You should also ask if there are any handouts available that gives tips on what you with the tool.
You need to do dry fittings before putting glue and clamping your woodworking project together. You can cause damage if you move things around after you’ve applied the glue.Dry fitting will help you how the components fit together.
Be sure you have a blade before sawing anything. A dull blade will not be able to saw the job done.
Be sure that your ears. The machinery used for woodworking can get very noisy. You can lose your hearing because of it. Use headphones or disposable earplugs.Make certain that you wear them when operating machinery.
Are you having trouble reaching that out of the way and your hand to fit simultaneously or comfortably? Your toolbox has the answer! Get a screwdriver with a long handle and pick up a socket that is 12 point.
Try to find wood you can use.Many woodworking places will get rid of scraps and that you can use. Flooring stores and construction companies toss old wood. Use this to your advantage to find great pieces of wood for projects. This also saves quite a bit of money in the long run.
Make sure that you understand them and that they are complete without any missing pieces of information.If they are hard to understand or are missing information, you could head to your home improvement store to see if someone there could offer suggestions.
Make sure the lighting is sufficient in your workspace is well lit. Woodworking is a hobby that requires accuracy when measuring.
Keep your eyes peeled for old furniture that people are going to the trash. You can often find wood for free that costs nothing. Think about all the possibilities before you dismiss anything. You may be able to salvage the wood from an old dresser and re-purpose them as bookshelves.
Make sure the lighting is good in your wood shop has enough lighting. Whenever you paint, sand or stain something, light is essential. That helps you see any problems which crop up.
A good circular guide is stair gauge.Normally you use a stair gauge is used to match the rise and the run of a stair jack which can allow you to get the notches matched up. However, using both on the carpenter square tongue, you will have a great circular saw guide.
Drafting squares help you be more accurate when you’re making cuts much easier. It can be tricky to adequately measure wood in the range between two and three foot range. Try stopping into your friendly neighborhood art supply store to pick up a drafting square from an arts and crafts store. They fit into small spaces and incredibly accurate.
Avoid getting your extension cords all tangled up while woodworking by using just one extension cord. Unplug your tools as you need to use it.This can prevent tripping and also from getting electrocuted.
Many people get frustrated when things don’t materialize instantly. The finished piece is in that wood, you just have to take your time. Patience will allow you stay focused on your project. You will reach the end of your piece soon.
There are some power tools you should have in your possession before starting woodworking. If you do not have them, get a jigsaw, a small table saw, small table saw, circular saw, and power sander. Orbital sanders are great, but a power sander of any type will benefit you more than none.
You might not mirror them step by step, but their steps may spur an even greater project on your end. Whether they spark a new idea or give you calculations which you can use, you’ll benefit.
Make sure that you make use of sharp blades with skill saws or table saws. Many accidents are the result of dull blades.Wood will also kick back if you are cutting with a blade that’s dull. This kickback is something a lot of people run into trouble with when working in the workshop.
Watching someone else can be a good way to learn the techniques of woodworking. There are a lot of tutorial videos online to help you to learn what certain tools are used. You can watch entire projects online which show every aspect of the project.
This technique will help you keep out of the way when you safe.
Use drawers to the best of your advantage in the shop. You can fit a lot of tools into your shop if you use your drawer space efficiently. Keep related tools similar to each other in one place. This technique will help you to save time when you are searching. Store all tools in a logical fashion.
It is preferable to plug tools into hanging socket or pole-mounted sockets. Power cords across the floor can be tripping hazards. You also just might not want to keep bending over all the time to plug something in.
Do not rush through the plans when working on your project. Always take the time to look them over.You ought to know these things inside and out before you get started. When you begin, take them step by step so that you do it right the first time and do not end up fixing mistakes.
Dovetail joints are lovely, don’t waste your time if they will not be seen. Sometimes using a biscuit or some glue will look a little better, so think about this before doing something more complex.
Woodworking is simultaneously challenging and rewarding. You will have a sense of pride when you finish a piece of wood. Keep the advice you’ve learned here in mind as you get started with woodworking.
Hi everyone! I’m a woodworker and blogger, and this is my woodworking blog. In my blog, I share tips and tricks for woodworkers of all skill levels, as well as project ideas that you can try yourself. | <urn:uuid:051f13f9-f7fb-4edc-a5d4-8bba5eeaa892> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.woodworkcenter.com/in-a-hurry-to-learn-more-regarding-woodworking-these-tips-are-for-you-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951147 | 1,283 | 2.390625 | 2 |
NEAMT – ROMANIA, According to the last census, carried in 2011, 6,700 persons living in Neamt district in Romania identified themselves as Gypsy. In spite of that, the data collected by the District Bureau for Gypsy Population shows this minority comprises 17,000 persons. The issues present in Neamt district are the same problems found in other districts: school dropout, substandard living conditions, violence and difficulties integrating into society.
“People didn’t dare entering here. If they did, they would’ve gotten out naked. We used to be very violent. When we would enter into a tavern, we would be “the bosses”. We are 9 brothers. Nobody scared us.”
“I remember that, 15-20 years ago, when I first visited their neighborhood, I entered the house of someone and, after a while, I remembered about my car. I asked if there could’ve been any problems with it. They started laughing and said my question came a bit too late, but everything was OK. They said that back in the day, when people used to steal, I would’ve been left without wheels, as they were made of aluminum.”
The Roma neighborhood in Piatra Neamt is home to almost 1000 people. When the church decided to get involved in the lives of Gypsies, they started noticing the existing needs.
“The first problem that brought their devastation is alcohol. Then there were addictions and a social issue – the lack of school, of education.”
“I started ministering to the Gypsies together with my wife and other young people in the church. I remember visiting them for over a year.”
The social activity started with children who were in danger of ending up living on the streets.
“We entered into a partnership together with a school in the area were most of the Gypsies are living. We developed social surveys, saw how things were and then opened a soup kitchen which grew bigger afterwards. We didn’t spend time thinking about projects, we just began following the Word of God, which says “Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless” is, on the one hand, to keep ourselves unstained, but the verse also says we should “look after orphans and widows in their distress”..”
“I always understood they are in need of a chance. I worked with them for a year. I taught some courses. Besides teaching and talking about God, I had to talk to them about hygiene, about how should one behave in society and how they should treat one another.”
“Children grow according to the education received from their parents. In the past, when our parents went to the pub, we would’ve followed them. Now, if I go to church, they come too.”
After the Gospel reached Gypsies in Piatra Neamt, the community started to change. People managed to integrate and stopped creating problems.
“When God revealed Himself to me and I went to church for the first time, I said to myself I belonged there. I met Christ in church. I started crying, and when brother Nelu Racea was preaching, I said: “God, how does this man know my fate, my life? How can he know it all?”
“God worked in a wonderful way among them. Some of the most aggressive repented. When the Gospel entered their hearts, even the authorities saw their transformation.”
“Local authorities were astonished when, during a social activity performed together with Gypsies who volunteered, we collected 40 tons of waste from all over the city. Bear in mind I am talking about volunteering!”
People engaging in marginalized communities should also seek changing obsolete mentalities.
“The hardest part was finding people ready to minister to them with love.”
“After working and spending time with them, I realized God loved them and He has a special plan for them. From that moment on, after we began working with them, God gave me the courage and strength to support them, to spend time with Gypsies and to love them.”
As a result of the Gospel penetrating the lives of Gypsies living in Piatra Neamt city, the change wasn’t restricted to education and social life. Elements of their ancient tradition, pertaining to behavior, marriage or attitude towards work were also reformed.
To read more news on World Missions on Missions Box, go here. | <urn:uuid:41b8ba22-8874-4859-a301-9279e8287dc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://missionsbox.org/news/god-transforms-the-lives-of-romanian-gypsies/?amp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.976088 | 1,059 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The risk of significant spring flooding remains low for most locations across the province at this time, Infrastructure Minister Ron Schuler announced today.
“As Manitobans know, weather conditions in our province can change on a moment’s notice. Our government will remain ready to act if heavy winter precipitation, a fast snowmelt or heavy spring rainfall occurs,” said Schuler. “For now though, we have reason to be cautiously optimistic about what’s ahead for most parts of Manitoba this spring.”
Manitoba Infrastructure’s Hydrologic Forecast Centre is continuing to monitor the impacts of weather conditions across the province. The centre works in collaboration with weather services and flood forecasters in neighbouring states and provinces to monitor the winter precipitation patterns throughout Manitoba watersheds, said Schuler.
The 2017 fall conditions report issued early in December indicated soil moisture levels before freeze-up were normal to drier than normal in most of Manitoba. At this time, winter precipitation in most areas of the province remains average to below average, with some areas indicating well below average precipitation records.
Along some streams, possible ice jams could affect the flood risk. Current river ice assessments indicate above-normal thickness for this time of the year. This is a result of below-normal temperatures this winter and the lack of sufficient snow cover to insulate the river ice from the cold air temperatures. Above-normal thickness increases the risk of ice-jam flooding in areas that are historically susceptible to ice jams. The province will conduct detailed ice thickness measurements in the coming months, and ice-cutting and icebreaking programs in the areas most prone to ice jamming.
“The first detailed flood outlook will be released in the latter part of February,” said Schuler. “Floods are caused by a combination of unique circumstances and there is a risk of over-estimating or under-estimating the flood potential too far in advance.”
Early spring outlook information can help prepare for potential spring flooding, allowing time to acquire temporary flood mitigation equipment based on projected flood conditions. The province also maintains an inventory of temporary flood-fighting equipment, which includes over two million regular sandbags, six sandbag-making machines, 18,000 super sandbags, 43 kilometres of cage barriers into which sand or other heavy material is placed, 50 km of water-filled barriers, and 59 mobile pumps and heavy-duty steamers to open clogged drains. | <urn:uuid:f8b3dca1-9c1f-48d9-9ab9-cb586787f823> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bdnmb.ca/risk-of-significant-spring-flooding-remains-low/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928028 | 502 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Nectar of Devotion (Original 1970 Edition) PDF Download
The Nectar of Devotion is a summary study of Bhakti-rasamrta sindhu, which was written in Sanskrit by Srila Rupa Gosvami Prabhupada. He was the chief of the six Gosvamis who were the direct disciples of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu. When he first met Lord Caitanya, Srila Rupa Gosvami Prabhupada was engaged as a minister in the Mohammeden government of Bengal. He and his brother Sanatana were then named Sakara Mallik and Dabir Khas respectively, and they held responsible posts as ministers of Nawab Hussain Shah. At that time, five hundred years ago, the Hindu society was very rigid, and if a member of the brahmana caste accepted the service of a Mohammedan ruler he was at once rejected from brahmana society.
To download The Nectar of Devotion please click on the book cover image on the left.
That was the position of the two brothers, Dabir Khas and Sakara Mallik. They belonged to the highly situated sarasvata-brahmana community, but they were ostracized due to their acceptance of ministerial posts in the government of Hussain Shah. It is the grace of Lord Caitanya that He accepted these two exalted personalities as His disciples and raised them to the position of gosvamis, the highest position of brahminical culture. Similarly, Lord Caitanya accepted Haridasa Thakur as His disciple although he happened to be born of a Mohammedan family, and Lord Caitanya later on made him the acarya of the chanting of the holy name of the Lord: Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare.
Lord Caitanya’s principle is universal. Anyone who knows the science of Krishna and is engaged in the service of the Lord is accepted as being in a higher position than a person born in the family of a brahmana. That is the original principle accepted by all Vedic literatures, especially by the Bhagavad-gita and the Srimad-Bhagavatam. The principle of Lord Caitanya’s movement in educating and elevating everyone to the exalted post of a gosvami is taught in The Nectar of Devotion. | <urn:uuid:fcf712ac-3609-48fd-945b-f7a366fda9a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://krishna.org/nectar-of-devotion-original-1970-edition-pdf-download/?replytocom=198043 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965532 | 513 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Specific learning disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations. The term includes such conditions as perceptual handicaps, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. The term does not include children who have problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, or mental retardation, emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.
The types of LD are identified by the specific processing problem. They might relate to getting information into the brain (Input), making sense of this information (Organization), storing and later retrieving this information (Memory), or getting this information back out (Output). Thus, the specific types of processing problems that result in LD might be in one or more of these four areas.
Information is primarily brought into the brain through the eyes (visual perception) and ears (auditory perception). An individual might have difficulty in one or both areas.
Auditory Perception. (Also called Receptive Language) The individual might have difficulty distinguishing subtle differences in sound (called phonemes) or might have difficulty distinguishing individual phonemes as quickly as normal. Either problem can result in difficulty processing and understanding what is said. Individuals might have difficulty with what is called auditory figure-ground. They have difficulty identifying what sound(s) to listen to when there is more than one sound.
Visual Perception. One might have difficulty distinguishing subtle differences in shapes (called graphemes). They might rotate or reverse letters or numbers (d, b, p, q, 6, 9); thus misreading the symbol. Some might have a figure-ground problem, confusing what figure(s) to focus on from the page covered with many words and lines. They might skip words, skip lines, or read the same line twice. Others might have difficulty blending information from both eyes to have depth perception. They might misjudge depth or distance, bumping into things or having difficulty with tasks where this information is needed to tell the hands or body what to do. If there is difficulty with visual perception, there could be problems with tasks that require eye-hand coordination (visual motor skills) such as catching a ball, doing a puzzle, or picking up a glass.
Once information is recorded in the brain (input), three tasks must be carried out in order to make sense or integrate this information. First, the information must be placed in the right order or sequenced. Then, the information must be understood beyond the literal meaning, abstraction. Finally, each unit of information must be integrated into complete thoughts or concepts, organization.
Sequencing. The individual might have difficulty learning information in the proper sequence. Thus, he might get math sequences wrong, have difficulty remembering sequences such as the months of the year, the alphabet, or the times table. Or, she might write a report with all of the important facts but not in the proper order.
Abstraction. A person might have difficulty inferring the meaning of individual words or concepts. Jokes, idioms, or puns are often not understood. He might have problems with words that might have different meanings depending on how they are used. For example, "the dog" refers to a pet. "You dog" is an insult.
Organization. An individual might have difficulty organizing materials, losing, forgetting, or misplacing papers, notebooks, or homework assignments. She might have difficulty organizing her environment, such as her bedroom. Some might have problems organizing time. They have difficulty with projects due at a certain time or with being on time. (Organization over time is referred to as Executive Function.)
Three types of memory are important to learning. "Working memory" refers to the ability to hold on to pieces of information until the pieces blend into a full thought or concept. For example, reading each word until the end of a sentence or paragraph and then understanding the full content. "Short-term memory" is the active process of storing and retaining information for a limited period of time. The information is temporarily available but not yet stored for long-term retention. "Long-term memory" refers to information that has been stored and that is available over a long period of time. Individuals might have difficulty with auditory memory or visual memory.
One reads a sentence and hold on to it. Then the next and the next. By the end of the paragraph, he pulls together the meaning of the full paragraph. This is working memory. He continues to read the full chapter and study it. Information is retained long enough to take a test and do well. This is short-term memory. But, unless the information is reviewed and studied over a longer period of time, it is not retained. With more effort over time, the information might become part of a general body of knowledge. It is long-term memory.
Information is communicated by means of words (language output) or though muscle activity such as writing, drawing, gesturing (motor output). An individual might have a language disability (also called expressive language disability) or a motor disability.
Language Disability. It is possible to think of language output as being spontaneous or on demand. Spontaneous means that the person initiates the conversation. Thoughts have been organized and words found before speaking. Demand language means that one is asked a question or asked to explain something. Now, she must organize his thoughts, find the right words, and speak at the same time. Most people with a language disability have little difficulty with spontaneous language. However, in a demand situation, the same person might struggle to organize her thoughts or to find the right words.
Motor Disability. One might have difficulty coordinating teams of small muscles, called a fine motor disability. He might have problems with coloring, cutting, writing, buttoning, or tying shoes. Others might have difficulty coordinating teams of large muscles, called a gross motor disability. She is awkward when running or jumping.
Each individual will have his or her unique pattern of LD. This pattern might cluster around specific common difficulties. For example, the pattern might primarily reflect a problem with language processing: auditory perception, auditory sequencing/abstraction/organization, auditory memory, and a language disability. Or the problem might be more in the visual input to motor output areas. Some people with LD will have a mixture of both.
Symptoms of Learning Disabilities
The symptoms of learning disabilities are a diverse set of characteristics which affect development and achievement. Some of these symptoms can be found in all children at some time during their development. However, a person with learning disabilities has a cluster of these symptoms which do not disappear as s/he grows older.
Most frequently displayed symptoms:
- Short attention span
- Poor memory
- Difficulty following directions
- Inability to discriminate between/among letters, numerals, or sounds
- Poor reading and/or writing ability
- Eye-hand coordination problems; poorly coordinated
- Difficulties with sequencing
- Disorganization and other sensory difficulties
Other characteristics that may be present:
- Performs differently from day to day
- Responds inappropriately in many instances· Distractible, restless, impulsive
- Says one thing, means another
- Difficult to discipline
- Doesn't adjust well to change
- Difficulty listening and remembering
- Difficulty telling time and knowing right from left
- Difficulty sounding out words
- Reverses letters
- Places letters in incorrect sequence
- Difficulty understanding words or concepts
- Delayed speech development; immature speech | <urn:uuid:e1b7bc04-72bd-406b-9644-d678fa782a79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ocecd.org/SpecificLearningDisabilities.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952873 | 1,585 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Click here to see other articles relating to word Tummo
Tummo (Tib. གཏུམ་མོ་, Wyl. gtum mo), or chandali (Skt. caṇḍāli) is the practice of inner heat’, one of the Six Yogas of Naropa, and the ‘root of the path’, according to Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.
Tummo (Tibetan: gtum-mo; Sanskrit: caṇḍālī) is a Form of Yoga, found in the Six Yogas of Naropa, Lamdre, Kalachakra and Anuyoga teachings of Tibetan Vajrayana.
Tummo originally derives from Indian Vajrayana tradition, including the instruction of the Mahasiddha Krishnacarya and the Hevajra Tantra.
The purpose of tummo is to gain control over Body processes during the Completion stage of 'highest yoga Tantra' (Anuttarayoga Tantra) or Anuyoga.
Tummo (gTum mo in Wylie transliteration, also spelled Tumo, or Tum-mo; Sanskrit caṇḍālī) is a Tibetan word, literally meaning fierce woman.
Tummo is a Tibetan word for inner Fire.
Tummo may also be rendered in English approximating its phonemic enunciation as 'Dumo'.
The channels do not exist in the way they are visualized during Vajrayana practice.
For example, during a deity visualization, the physical human Body is visualized as completely hollow, made of Light and has no internal organs.
Furthermore different systems have different visualizations.
In actuality, the "center channel" (dbu ma or avadhuti) is the whole arterial system, or more specifically the aorta.
The two "side channels" are the venous system (roma or rasanā) and the spinal column and nervous system (rkyang ma or lalanā).
A chakra is any place in the Body where there are clusters of arteries, veins and nerves.
After familiarity in trul khor, there is the practice of tummo.
In the practice of tummo, the visualization of lower ends to the three channels is primarily used to focus Body awareness in the subnavel area.
Breath retention, mulabandha and Uddiyana bandha force vāyu (wind, air) and ojas into the arterial system.
The Heart rate slows, the karmic winds suspend and the venous blood returns less impurities into the blood stream.
This leads to longevity.
Ojas itself has two stores within the Body -- the Heart and brain.
Thus there is the visualization of blazing and dripping.
When the vāyu moves very little, that is considered subtle Mind.
This is because the Mind is inexorably linked to the winds, or even considered synonymous with the winds.
Sutrayana has no comparable methods to reduce the movement of vāyu to a significant extent.
Miranda Shaw clarifies:
- Kuṇḍalinī-yoga offered a range of techniques to harness the powerful psycho-physical energy coursing through the Body...
Most people simply allow the energy to churn in a cauldron of chaotic thoughts and emotions or dissipate the energy in a superficial pursuit of pleasure, but a yogi or yogini consciously accumulates and then directs it for specified purposes.
This energy generates warmth as it accumulates and becomes an inner Fire or inner heat (candālī) that [potentially] burns away the dross of Ignorance and ego-clinging.
Numerous non-buddhist Tantras of the Shakta and Shaiva traditions (generally termed Hindu by westerners) speak of Kundalini, which is generally described as a coiled energy at the base of the spine, at the first chakra.
Kurt Keutzer (2002) discusses the Kundalini yoga, Vajrayana, Nath Sampradaya, Mahasiddha and Milarepa:
- Kundalini yoga in the Natha Sampradaya and Vajrayana in Tibetan Buddhism both take their origin from the Mahasiddhas who were active in India from the 8th century to the 12th century.
Kundalini yoga practices formed the core of the teachings of a number of these Mahasiddhas and are strongly represented in both Tibetan Buddhist practices and contemporary kundalini yoga practices.
Kundalini yoga was spoken of as "Candali yoga" by these Mahasiddhas and became known as gTummo rnal 'byor in Tibet.
Candali yoga was a key practice of the famous Tibetan yogin Milarepa.
Modern western witnesses of this practice include the adventurer Alexandra David-Néel (David-Néel, 1971), Lama Anagarika Govinda (Govinda, 1988), and anthropologist Dr. John Crook. Dr Arya (2006) in discussing the winds (Tibetan:
rLung) states that historically: "The rLung practitioner (yogi) uses special colors of Clothes to improve the Power of the Tummo Fire."
Dr Arya (2006) also states:
- The psychic heat Drod is produced by the space particles and the heat manifested from the friction of the wind element.
This is another fundamental element as it supports and gives Power to the Consciousness, like the Power of the Fire that can launch rockets to space.
The Power is called medrod or 'digestion Fire' in medicine and Tummo in yoga Tantra.
The heat (Fire) sustains Life and protects the Body/Mind.
The psychic Fire increases the Wisdom, burns the ignorant Mind of the brain and gives realization and Liberation from the darkness of unawareness.
That is why yoga describes Tummo as the aggressive Fire which ignites from below navel, pierces the chakras one by one and reaches the sky of the crown chakra.
The tummo burning arrow married with the celestial bride leads to enjoy the Life of transformation of Samsara.
They give birth to the son of awareness from the blissful garden of Vajrayogini.
An attempt to study the physiological effects of Tummo has been made by Benson and colleagues (Benson et al., 1982; Cromie, 2002) who studied Indo-Tibetan Yogis in the Himalayas and in India in the 1980s.
In the first experiment, in Upper Dharamsala (India), Benson et al. (1982) found that these subjects exhibited the capacity to increase the temperature of their fingers and toes by as much as 8.3°C.
In a 2002 experiment, conducted in Normandy (France), two Monks from the Buddhist tradition wore sensors that recorded changes in heat production and metabolism (Cromie, 2002) .
Tummo is a spiritual technique taught by Tibetan Lamas.
Tummo in Tibet is not translated as heat, but rather depicts Mystical technique, and the energy generated was not primarily to warm the Body of the practitioner, but to support the spiritual progress of the practitioner.
Tibetans divide Tummo into three categories:
Tummo exoteric which grants the Body the ability to heal and subtle warmth.
Esoteric Tummo which allows the Body to survive even in extreme cold, and
the Mystic Tummo (Kriya Yoga) which gives warmth in spiritual achievements while living in this World.
Tummo esoteric (Chandali) is very well known and is mastered by many Tibetans who either gain it through one's own effort, or through initiation or Angkur from a Vajra Master.
While Tummo exoteric and mystic is not mastered by many people, even among Tibetan mystic, there are only several people who mastered the three kinds of Tummo.
With the flow of Tummo in oneself, all Body level, physical, Mental, emotional and intuition level will progress much faster.
With Tummo esoteric of course one can survive in extreme cold even without any single cloth like what happened at Lachi Kang (near Everest summit), Himalaya.
The Mastery of Tummo exoteric is very beneficial for the curement of various kind of ailments and illness on all levels, physical, Mental, emotional and spiritual.
It is very easy to use Tummo because it does not require Concentration at all and the Healing will happen automatically simultaneously at all levels of beingness.
A Tummo practitioner himself doesn't need to know and able to diagnose the patient's illness, this way it helps patients who feel embarrassed to speak of his/her illness.
Tummo mystic will surely cause Tummo practitioner to achieve Meditation perfection in very short time.
Sakya Tummo is a Tummo system that originated from Buddhism.
Therefore, this Sakya Tummo is of direct lineage: Sastra Vardhana - Your Name..
Different with other Tummo system in general, Sakya Tummo only gives angkur once, which is of Vajra Master grade.
Despite of that, the Sakya Tummo angkur is already comprised of all grades whole fully, mantras and mudras, and also Vajra Body protector, Vajra weapon and many others.
It is a Tummo system that is very integrated and is very powerful.
Sakya Tummo allows a Disciple to accelerate his/her spiritual advancement and inner Power in Healing others.
Inside human Body, there exist at least three kinds of energy.
Those three kind of energies are utilized optimally as Booster in Tummo technique.
Those three kind of energies are:
Vayu is a wind element.
There are many kinds of Vayu, but the most important among them are five, which are:
- Samana, This energy functions to help digestion process in disassociating nutrition from useless matters, which would result in bodily waste (feces).
- Apana, Apana functions to push out wastes and any other unneeded materials out of the Body.
Sakya Tummo Angkur will also give harmonious adjustments with the Universe energy that will enter from your Crown Chakra, and arouse the Awakening of Kundalini energy(only to extent of Kundalini energy.
Not the Consciousness nor such higher level
Kundalini is contained in 7 layers of concentric ball.
The rotation of this seventh layer will be accelerated) which will arouse from your Base Chakra, which will then be combined with Vayu, Ojas, and Tejas.
That is why Tummo is felt by some of its practitioners have stronger energy Power than Reiki.
Someone which serious to true elaborate area of spiritual shall also take system of Tummo, because in system of Tummo hence we will obtain | <urn:uuid:80e26881-2758-4d4b-ae2d-2ffdd92b8a6e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://tibetanbuddhistencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Ca%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81li | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.911722 | 2,373 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Kontakion of the Prodigal Son, Tone 3
I have recklessly forgotten Thy glory, O Father; and among sinners I have scattered the riches which Thou gavest me. Therefore I cry to Thee like the Prodigal: “I have sinned before Thee, O compassionate Father; receive me, a penitent, and make me as one of Thy hired servants.”
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
From the Explanation of the Gospel of St. Luke by Blessed Theophylact,
11-16. And He said, A certain man had two sons: and the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of the property that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living. And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country, and there squandered his property with prodigal living. And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that land; and he began to be in want. And he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine. And he longed to fill his belly with the pods that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto him. This parable is like those which precede it. For it also presents a man, Who is in fact God, the Lover of man. The two sons represent the two kinds of men, righteous and sinners. The younger son said, Give me the portion of the property that falleth to me. Of old, from the beginning, righteousness belonged to human nature, which is why the older son (born at the beginning) does not become estranged from the father. But sin is an evil thing which was born later. This is why it is the younger son who alienates himself from the father, for the latter-born son grew up together with sin which had insinuated itself into man at a later time. The sinner is also called the younger son because the sinner is an innovator, a revolutionary, and a rebel, who defies his Father’s will.
Father, give me the portion of the property (ousia) that falleth to me. The essential property of man is his rational mind, his logos, always accompanied by his free will (autexousia), for all that is rational is inherently self-governing. The Lord gives us logos for us to use, according to our free will, as our own essential property. He gives to all alike, so that all alike are rational, and all alike are self-governing.3 But some of us use this generous gift rationally, in accordance with logos, while others of us squander the divine gift. Moreover, everything which the Lord has given us might be called our property, that is, the sky, the earth, the whole creation, the law and the prophets. But the later sinful generation, the younger son, saw the sky and made it a god, and saw the earth and worshipped it, and did not want to walk in the way of God’s law, and did evil to the prophets. On the other hand, the elder son, the righteous, used all these things for the glory of God. Therefore, having given all an equal share of logos and self-determination, God permits us to make our way according to our own will and compels no one to serve Him who is unwilling. If He had wanted to compel us, He would not have created us with logos and a free will. But the younger son completely spent this inheritance. Why? Because he had gone into a far country. When a man rebels against God and places himself far away from the fear of God, then he squanders all the divine gifts. But when we are near to God, we do not do such deeds that merit our destruction. As it is written, I beheld the Lord ever before me, for He is at my right hand, that I might not be shaken (Ps. 15:8). But when we are far from God and become rebellious, we both do, and suffer, the worst things, as it is written, Behold, they that remove themselves from Thee shall perish (Ps. 72:25).
The younger son indeed squandered and scattered his property. For every virtue is a simple and single entity, while its opposing vice is a many-branched complexity, creating numerous deceptions and errors. For example, the definition of bravery is simple, that is, when, how, and against whom, one ought to make use of one’s capacity to be stirred to action. But the vice of not being brave takes two forms, cowardice and recklessness. Do you see how logos can be scattered in every direction and the unity of virtue destroyed? When this essential property has been spent, and a man no longer walks in accordance with logos, by which I mean the natural law, nor proceeds according to the written law, nor listens to the prophets, then there arises a mighty famine—not a famine of bread, but a famine of hearing the word (logos) of the Lord (Amos 8:11). And he begins to be in want, because by not fearing the Lord he has departed far from Him. But there is no want to them that fear the Lord (Ps. 33:9). How is there no want to them that fear Him? Because blessed is the man that feareth the Lord; in His commandments shall he greatly delight. Therefore glory and riches shall be in his house, and far from being himself in want, he hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor (see Ps. 111). Therefore the man who makes a journey far from God, not keeping God’s dread face ever before his eyes, indeed is in want, having no divine logos at work in him.
And he went, that is, he proceeded and advanced in wickedness, and joined himself to a citizen of that country. He who is joined to the Lord becomes one Spirit with Him. But he who is joined to a harlot, that is, to the nature of the demons, becomes one body with her (I Cor. 6:16) and he makes himself all flesh, having no room in himself for the Spirit, as it was for those men at the time of the flood (Gen. 6:4). The citizens of that country far from God are none other than the demons. The man who joins himself to these citizens, having advanced and become powerful in wickedness, feeds the swine, that is, he teaches others evil and filthy deeds. For all those who take pleasure in the muck of shameful deeds and carnal passions are like swine. Pigs are never able to look upward because of the peculiar shape of their eyes. This is why, when a farmer grabs hold of a pig, he is not able to make it stop squealing until he turns it upside down on its back. This quiets the pig, as if, by looking upward, the pig can see things it had never seen before, and it is startled into silence. Such are they whose eyes are ever turned to filthy things, who never look upward. Therefore, a man who exceeds many others in wickedness can be said to feed swine. Such are the keepers of brothels, the captains of brigands, and the chief among publicans. All these may be said to feed swine. This wretched man desires to satisfy his sin and no one can give him this satisfaction. For he who is habitual in sinful passions receives no satisfaction from them. The pleasure does not endure, but is there one moment and gone the next, and the wretched man is again left empty. Sin is likened to the pods which the swine eat, because, like them, sin is sweet in taste yet rough and harsh in texture, giving momentary pleasure but causing ceaseless torments. Therefore, there is no man to provide satisfaction for him who takes pleasure in these wicked passions. Who can both satisfy him and quiet him? Cannot God? But God is not present, for the man who eats these things has traveled a far distance from God. Can the demons? They cannot, for they strive to accomplish just the opposite, namely, that wickedness never end or be satisfied.
17-21. And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father’s have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, and am no longer worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants. And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him. And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight, and am no longer worthy to be called thy son. The man who until now had been prodigal came to himself. This is because he was “outside himself” and had taken leave of his true self so long as he committed foul deeds. Rightly is it said that he wasted and spent his essential property. This is why he was outside himself. For he who is not governed by logos, but lives irrationally without logos, and teaches others to do the same, is outside of himself and has abandoned his reason, which is his very essence. But when a man regains his logos (analogizetai) so as to see who he is and into what a state of wretchedness he has fallen, then he becomes himself again, and using his reason, he comes to repent and returns from his wanderings outside reason. He says hired servants, signifying the catechumens, who have not yet become sons because they have not yet been illumined by Holy Baptism. Indeed the catechumens have an abundance of the rational bread, the sustenance of the Word (Logos), because they hear each day the readings of Scripture.
Listen, so that you may learn the difference between a hired servant and a son. There are three ranks of those who are being saved. The first kind are like slaves who do what is good because they fear the judgment. This is what David means when he says, Nail down my flesh with the fear of Thee, for of Thy judgments am I afraid (Ps. 118:120). The second kind, who are like hired servants, are those who are eager to serve God because of their desire for the reward of good things, as David again says, I have inclined my heart to perform Thy statutes for ever for a recompense (Ps. 118:112). But if they are of the third kind, that is, if they are sons, they keep His commandments out of love for God. This is what David means when he says, 0 how I have loved Thy law, 0 Lord! The whole day long it is my meditation (Ps. 118:97); and again, with no mention of fear, I lifted up my hands to Thy commandments which I have loved (Ps. 118:48), and again, Wonderful are Thy testimonies, and because they are wonderful, therefore hath my soul searched them out (Ps. 118:129). One must understand the hired servants to refer not only to the catechumens, but also to all those in the Church who obey God out of some lesser motive than love. Therefore when a man is among the ranks of those who are sons, and then is disowned because of his sin, and sees others enjoying the divine gifts, and communing of the Divine Mysteries and of the Divine Bread, such a man ought indeed to apply to himself these piteous words, How many hired servants of my father’s have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! I will arise, arise, that is, from my fall into sin, and go to my Father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before Thee. When I abandoned heavenly things, I sinned against heaven, preferring shameful pleasure to heavenly things, and choosing the land of hunger instead of my true fatherland, heaven. Just as we have a saying that the man who prefers lead to gold sins against the gold, so too the man who prefers earthly things to heaven, sins against heaven. Indeed he has gone astray from the road that leads to heaven. Understand that when he sinned, he behaved as if he were not acting in the sight of God, that is, in the presence of God; but once he confesses his sin, then he realizes that he has sinned in the sight of God.
And he arose, and came to his father, for we must not only desire the things that are dear to God but must get up and do them as well. You see the warm repentance—behold now the compassion of the father. He did not wait for his son to come to him, but he went and met him on the way and embraced him. God is called Father on account of His goodness and kindness, even though by nature He is God Who encompasses all things so that He could have restricted a man within His embrace, no matter which way the man might try to turn. As the prophet says, The glory of God shall compass thee (Is. 58:8). Before, when the son distanced himself, it was fitting that God, as Father, release him from His embrace. But when the son drew near through prayer and repentance, it was fitting that God again enclose him within His embrace. Therefore the Father falls on the neck of the one who before had rebelled and who now shows that he has become obedient. And the Father kisses him, as a sign of reconciliation, and by this kiss He first makes holy the defiled one’s mouth, which is as it were the doorway to the whole man, and through this doorway He sends sanctification into the innermost being.
22-24. But the father said to his servants, Bring forth the first robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet: and bring hither the grain-fed bullock, and kill it; and let us eat, and be merry: for this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry. The servants you may understand to mean the angels, the ministering spirits who are sent to serve those who are counted worthy of salvation. For the angels clothe the man who has turned from wickedness with the first robe, that is, with the original garment which we wore before we sinned, the garment of incorruption; or, it means that garment which is honored above all others, the robe of Baptism. For the baptismal robe is the first to be placed around me, and from it I receive a covering of my former shame and indecency. Therefore you may understand the servants to mean the angels who carry out all those things that are done on our behalf, and by means of which we are sanctified. You may also understand the servants to mean the priests. For they clothe the repentant sinner with Baptism and the word of teaching, placing around him the first robe, which is Christ Himself (for all we that have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ, Gal. 3:18). And they put a ring on his hand, which ring is the seal of Christ given at Chrismation so that we might execute good deeds in His name. The hand is a symbol of action, and the ring is a symbol of a seal. Therefore he who has been baptized, and, in general, everyone who has turned from wickedness, ought to have on his hand, that is, on his entire faculty of action, the seal and the mark of Christ, which is placed on him to show that he has been made new in the image of his Creator. You may also understand the ring to signify the earnest of the Spirit (II Cor. 1:21-22). By that I mean that God will give us perfect and complete good things when it is time for them; but for now He gives us gifts as earnest, that is, as tokens of assurance of those good things to come. For example, to some He gives the power to work miracles, to others the gift of teaching, and to others still other gifts; having received these gifts, we have more confident hope in the perfect and complete good things to come.
And shoes are put on his feet to protect him from scorpions, that is, from the seemingly small and hidden sins described by David (Ps. 18:12), which are in fact deadly. And these shoes also protect him from serpents, that is, from those sins which can be seen by all. And, in another sense, shoes are given to him who has been counted worthy of the first robe: God makes such a man ready to preach the Gospel and to bring benefit to others. This is Christianity—to benefit one’s neighbor. We are not ignorant of what is meant by the grain-fed bullock (ton moschon ton siteuton) which is slain and eaten. It is none other than the very Son of God, Who as a Man took flesh which is irrational and animal by nature, although He filled it with His own glory. Thus Christ is symbolized by the bullock, the Youngling which has never been put under the yoke of the law of sin; and He is grain-fed in the sense that Christ was set apart and prepared for this mystery from before the foundation of the world. And though it may seem somewhat difficult to take in, nevertheless it shall be said: the Bread which we break in the Eucharist appears to our eyes to be made of wheat (sitos) and thus may be called of wheat (siteutos); but in reality it is Flesh, and thus may be called the Bullock. For Christ Himself is both Bullock and Wheat. Therefore every one who is baptized and becomes a son of God, or rather, is restored to the status of son, and in general, every one who is cleansed from sin, communes of this Bullock of Wheat. Then he becomes the cause of gladness to the Father, and also to His servants, namely, the angels and the priests, because he who was dead is alive again, and he who was lost is found. For whoever is dead from the abundance of his wickedness is without hope; but whoever is able, with his changeable human nature, to change from wickedness to virtue, is said to be merely lost. To be lost is less severe than to be dead.
25-32. Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew nigh to the house, he heard music and dancing. And he called one of the servants, and asked what these things meant. And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the grain-fed bullock, because he hath received him safe and sound. And he was angry, and would not go in: therefore came his father out, and entreated him. And he answering said to his father, Lo, these many years do I serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandment: and yet thou never gayest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends: but as soon as this thy son was come, who hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the grain-fed bullock. And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine. It was meet that we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found. Here is the celebrated question—how is it that the son who lived a God-pleasing life in all other respects, and who faithfully served his father, could display such envy? The question will be answered if one considers the reason why this parable was told. This parable and the ones preceding it were told because the Pharisees, who considered themselves pure and righteous, were grumbling at the Lord because He received harlots and publicans. The Pharisees murmured indignantly, believing themselves to be more righteous than the publicans, which is why the Lord presented this parable. Consider that the figure of the son who is seen to grumble is understood to refer to all those who are scandalized at the sudden good fortune and deliverance of sinners. Such men grumble, not because of envy, but because neither they nor we can understand the outpouring of God’s compassion for man. Does not David bring forward the figure of a man scandalized at the peace of sinners (Ps. 72:3)? And Jeremiah likewise, when he says, Why is it that the way of ungodly men prosper? Thou hast planted them, and they have taken root (Jer. 12:1-2). Such thoughts reflect man’s weak and poor understanding, which easily ignites with annoyance and questions the good fortune of the wicked, which seems undeserved.
In this parable, therefore, the Lord is saying to the Pharisees words like these: “Let us suppose that you are as righteous as that elder son and well-pleasing to the Father; I entreat you who are righteous and pure not to grumble, as this elder son did, against the gladness which we are showing over the salvation of the sinner, who is also a son.” Do you see that this parable is not about envy? Instead, by means of this parable, the Lord is instructing the minds of the Pharisees, so that they will not be vexed that the Lord receives sinners, even though they themselves are righteous and have fulfilled every commandment of God. It is no wonder that we too become vexed at those who appear undeserving. God’s compassion is so great, and He gives to us so abundantly of His own good things, that we may even grumble at His generosity. That criticism follows generosity is a fact to which we refer in everyday speech. If we do good to someone who fails to thank us, we often say to him, “Everyone says I am a fool for having been so good to you.” We use this expression, even if no one has actually criticized us, because extreme generosity is so often followed by criticism that to suggest the latter is to prove the former. But let us turn to the particulars of the parable, in brief.
The elder son was in the field, that is, in this world, working his own land, meaning his flesh, so that he might have his fill of bread, sowing with tears so that he might reap with rejoicing. When he learned what was being done, he did not want to enter into the common joy. But the compassionate father goes out and begs him to come in, and explains to him the reason for the joy, that a man who was dead has come back to life. Because as a man he did not understand, and because he was scandalized, the elder son accused the father of not giving him even a young goat, while for the prodigal son he slaughtered the fatted calf. What does the kid, the young goat, signify? You may learn here. Every young goat is considered to be of the portion of sinners who are placed on the left side. The righteous son is saying, then, “I have passed my life in toil and labor, I have been persecuted, suffered hardships, been oppressed by sinners, and on my behalf you have never slaughtered and killed a kid, that is, a sinner who afflicts me, so that I might have some small measure of rest.” For example, King Ahab was just such a goat to the Prophet Elijah. Ahab persecuted Elijah, but the Lord did not quickly give this goat over to the slaughter so that Elijah could have some small rest, and take his ease with his friends, the prophets. Therefore Elijah complained to God, Lord, they have digged down Thine altars, and have slain Thy prophets (III Kings 19:10) And Saul was a goat to David, as were also all those who slandered David. But the Lord allowed them to tempt him, and did not slay them to give David some rest. Therefore David said, How long shall sinners, 0 Lord, how long shall sinners boast (Ps. 93:3)? The elder son in the parable is saying these things: “You did not count me worthy of any consolation in all my toils; you never handed over to me for slaughter any of these who were afflicting me. But now you save the prodigal son who never had to toil.”
This is the entire purpose of the parable—to correct the Pharisees who were grumbling that He had accepted sinners. The parable also instructs us that no matter how righteous we may be, we ought not to rebuff sinners, nor to grumble when God accepts them. The younger son, therefore, represents the harlots and the publicans; the elder son represents those Pharisees and scribes who consider themselves righteous. It is as if God were saying, “Let us suppose that you are indeed righteous and have not transgressed any commandments; if some others have turned away from wickedness, why do you not accept them as your brothers and fellow laborers?” I am not unaware that some have interpreted the elder son to signify the angels, and the younger son, the latter-born nature of men which rebelled against the commandment it was given and went astray. Still others have said that the two sons represent the Israelites and the Gentiles who later believed. But the simple truth is this: the person of the elder son signifies the righteous, and the person of the younger son signifies sinners who have repented and returned. The entirety of the parable is given for the sake of the Pharisees, to teach them not to be vexed that sinners are received, even if they themselves are righteous. Let no one be vexed at the judgments of God—let him be patient with those apparent sinners who prosper, and are saved. How do you know whether a man whom you think is a sinner has not repented, and on this account has been accepted? Or that he has secret virtues on account of which God looks favorably upon him? | <urn:uuid:1a7ad0d5-da85-44d0-a078-a6bf0b92faa3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://orthodoxcityhermit.com/tag/bible-homily/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.983323 | 5,556 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Cabinet of Curiosities
In the late eighteenth century, there was great interest in collecting natural history specimens and curiosities relating to cultures across the world. Henry Sandford’s commonplace books reveal a man who was interested in the habits and customs of people across the world as well as recent scientific and geological discoveries.
This collection of objects is on loan to No. 1 Royal Crescent from the Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution. The objects have been selected to reflect the interests of Henry Sandford. | <urn:uuid:2330f987-aa5f-4093-87ef-3b8bb9c1d73c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://no1royalcrescent.org.uk/explore/cabinet-of-curiosities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953001 | 104 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Britain’s Western Powerhouse was launched recently, with a report authored by Metro Dynamics. It is an interesting initiative from the cities of Bristol, Cardiff and Newport. With a focus on connectivity and economic collaboration, it’s an attempt to show how the West can compete with the emerging Northern Powerhouse and Midlands Engine, albeit on a somewhat smaller scale.
With a proliferation of names, including Western Powerhouse, Severn Powerhouse, and Great Western Cities (GWC) Powerhouse, the initiative is about illustrating the strength of this area as a net contributor to UK plc and just how much more could be achieved through increased collaboration. What it definitely is not about is any suggestion of formal structures or systems of governance. It is purely about collaboration and connectivity. You might wonder why this point is so important that it has to be stressed? Basically it is about distancing itself from the city region devolution agenda being pursued by the government, where metro mayors and combined authorities are necessary to elicit the best deals.
The Bristol city region has been negotiating on just such a deal since September last year, seemingly with a relative stalemate because locally the formal structures proposed by the government have received little support and neither side appears to be willing to compromise. It will be interesting to see if Bristol does indeed secure as good a deal as the other core cities that have accepted the government’s model.
Either way, this new collaboration with Cardiff and Newport provides a different opportunity. It seems obvious in some respects as we share the potential of the Severn Estuary and Cardiff is certainly the closest big city to Bristol, with little other competition close-by.
The report recommendations are light on detail and action, but that is perhaps to be expected from such an informal, non-structured relationship. They focus on the following aspects:
- Establishing city devolution deals for Cardiff and Bristol city regions to provide the powers needed to support the GWC Powerhouse
- Develop a campaign on better connectivity across the area (GWC Connect)
- Develop a marketing and investment strategy
- Undertake an innovation audit to identify key areas of economic and research strength to feed into a region wide innovation strategy
- Establish data observatory
Now reading that list you might well think ‘what on earth does that mean’? I know I did. After an initial buzz of excitement that perhaps there was something in this idea and it might actually do something that could make a difference, the recommendations left me feeling totally deflated. Where was the action that would mean anything to anyone living in this area? Where was the ambition? Was this just going to be yet another document or strategy that would sit on a shelf somewhere and achieve nothing?
So I delved further into the report and came away feeling slightly more positive. The key is to think about what Cardiff and Bristol have in common, what connects the cities and what potential there is for creative and innovative ideas to develop. Then if you ignore the recommendations and develop your own, you can begin to see the potential that this form of collaboration might just deliver on.
Much of the talk in the document is about the Cardiff and Bristol metro areas and the strength of ‘constructed agglomeration’, where collaboration between multiple core cities/areas is able to achieve greater economic benefit than reliance on a single core. The benefits of agglomeration are defined as sharing, matching and learning. Something that already happens but could undoubtedly be improved through facilitation.
There’s a lot in the document about economic growth and industry density maps, travel to work flows and self-containment, inward investment and place marketing but what really stands out is the potential of collaboration around the Severn Estuary.
For me the couple of pages in the document on renewable energy and the estuary were the ones that made the most sense, where the opportunity to do something big and ambitious really shone through. The document does identify this as one of three areas that are central to GWC future growth, where there is potential for innovation and increasing expertise. It talks about tidal, wave and wind energy and emerging ideas around tidal stream and tidal range technology. The linkages to increased workforce capacity, improved supply chains and the use of existing research capacity provide perhaps the greatest opportunity for collaboration and innovation, where we might be able to see a real difference. What is lacking is any idea of how this might happen.
It is a shame the report recommendations do not seem to pick up on the potential of the resource we have in the Estuary and provide proposals for real action that would make a difference. It seems we just have to hope that others will pick up on this and be more creative about what is possible.
This blogpost first appeared on the Bristol 247 website. | <urn:uuid:70a33cc5-3e4e-41f4-918f-d7bdab462265> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tessacoombes.wordpress.com/tag/george-ferguson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965758 | 976 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Students at Kipp Academy Middle School re-enter the classroom today for the first time in months
Monday is an exciting day for some Bronx children in Kipp Academy Middle School as they reenter the classroom for the first time in months.
The middle school is taking a phased approach to keep students safe as the delta variant continues to spread. Principal Tristan Fields says there's several safety precautions in place, such as mask-wearing and hand sanitizer stations.
He says they're also testing select students for COVID-19 each day as needed, and staff will be tested every week as well. The school also reduced class size from 32 students to 22 students in an effort to promote social distancing.
As for lunch, half of the school's students will eat in the cafeteria and the other half will eat in the auditorium.
Staff and parents tell News 12 they feel safe going into this new school year.
"The school sent me email information letting me know about the updated information, so I'm not worried that much, they take good care of him," says Jackelyn Flores, parent.
"I'm so lucky that my staff is bought in and ready to get the kids back, and they were willing to put in the extra hours and the extra effort to make sure that things were safe," Fields says.
As for the vaccine, Fields is encouraging parents to weigh their options this school year and to trust science - saying the vaccine is the answer to keeping students and staff safe. | <urn:uuid:54df2425-1d4f-42f6-9a71-432904107f3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bronx.news12.com/students-at-kipp-academy-middle-school-re-enter-the-classroom-today-for-the-first-time-in-months | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.98165 | 308 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Transgender Rights and Protections
This title examines the rights of the transgender community and the areas in which further action is still needed for their protection. Readers are presented with useful information on how to become trans allies and how to fight against trans discrimination in their day-to-day lives.
LGBTQ (Gender and Sexuality); Transgender; transgender teenagers; transgender adults; transgender men; transgender women
transgender male; transgender female
Rainbow List, 2018 Young Adult Non-Fiction
transgender people; rights; information; non-discrimination laws; trans allies
Klein, Rebecca T., "Transgender Rights and Protections" (2017). Diverse Families. 1433. | <urn:uuid:08662f00-6f91-4e6a-a467-65b43b3c8f8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stars.library.ucf.edu/diversefamilies/1433/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.771821 | 265 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Urban Runoff Records
- Go to the home page and hover the mouse over Search, then select Urban Runoff Records.
- In the General Search form, there are different search criteria available. The search that will return with the most results is by Street No. and Street Name; then enter a date range.
- Click the Search button near the bottom to execute the search. You can refine the search by changing, adding or removing search criteria until the search is successful.
- A successful search will display the query results. Click on Record Number in blue to view the record.
- The record information screen will indicate the permit number, type of permit and permit status. To view more information, click on Record Info. There are five types of information available to view
- Record Details will have information on address, project description and application information.
- Processing Status will have information on permit and plan check status. The hourglass location indicates the project progress. Clicking on the black triangle will also show more detail of the status.
- Related records shows any permits that is related.
- Attachments will show any scanned documents related to the record. Approved plans will be found here at permit issuance
- Inspections will allow you to review previous inspections and view inspection record related to the record.
Did you know?
Solar chimneys are passive solar ventilation systems. Shafts connect the interior and exterior of the building. The functioning can be improved by glazing and using thermal mass materials. Learn more about solar | <urn:uuid:76376f3f-300b-4ebc-8c7e-5a3e10ccb039> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/help-center/search-for-records-check-status/urban-runoff-records/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.849382 | 314 | 1.65625 | 2 |
A cookie is a text file sent by a web server to a web browser, and stored by the browser. The text file is then sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page from the server. This enables the web server to identify and track the web browser. To find out more about cookies, including seeing what cookies have been set and how to manage and delete them, visit www.allaboutcookies.org .
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You can manage your cookie preferences through your browser settings – most browsers allow you to refuse or accept cookies. Should you change your settings to refuse all cookies, there may be a negative impact upon the usability of many websites, including this one. Below are links explaining how you can manage cookies on a number of browsers:
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|_ga||.sophize.org||Used to distinguish users on the Google Analytics platform.||2 years|
|1P_JAR, CONSENT, NID||.gstatic.com||Set by Google. This group sets a unique ID to remember your preferences and other information such as website statistics and track conversion rates. Google’s policies can be viewed at https://policies.google.com/technologies/types||Various| | <urn:uuid:263ba343-6ca0-4b80-be4d-68b8bc002129> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sophize.org/docs/cookie-policy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.909384 | 497 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The discovery of a backdoor in another popular shopping cart program raises new questions about the overall security of the e-commerce
software relied upon by small businesses.
According to an advisory
Thursday from Cerberus Internet Security in London, the main program file
for CART32, a CGI program for 32-bit
Windows systems in use by more than 1,000 small online stores, contains an
undocumented password. When used properly, the password enables a third
party to run arbitrary commands on the Web server and potentially to access
credit card numbers, shipping addresses and other sensitive information.
David Litchfield, director of security for Cerberus, said he and his brother
Mark discovered the hidden password by opening the CART32 executable with a
text editor. Armed with the password, the Litchfields were able to cause
CART32 to divulge another set of passwords for accessing the cart’s various
Cerberus also found a second vulnerability in CART32, which enables someone
to change the cart’s administrative password.
The developers of CART32, McMurtrey/Whitaker
& Assoc. of Springfield, Mo., confirmed the existence of the
Lauren Willard, a technical support rep for CART32, said
the company used the backdoor for technical support tasks such as assisting
customers who had lost their passwords.
“We never used it except to help them out with their Web site or for the
administration of their cart,” said Willard.
McMurtrey/Whitaker expects to release a patch for the program early next
week. In the meantime, as a workaround, CART32 users can manually edit the
program file to change to secret password. L0pht Heavy Industries, a white-hat hacking
group, has also released a tool that searches for the backdoor password in
the CART32 program and replaces it with a random backdoor password. The tool
also changes the permissions on the shopping cart’s administration program
so that unauthorized users cannot change the administrator password.
Litchfield of Cerberus defended his company’s decision to publicize the
backdoor before the patch was available.
“It’s a blatant security hole, and for all we know there could be hackers
out there who’ve known about it for months and are exploiting it,” said
One of CART32’s marquee customers, the online
store at the official site of the Detroit Redwings hockey team, has
apparently stopped using the shopping cart. The site was offline Thursday,
and when it reappeared Friday, the store section was replaced with an input
screen for requesting a paper catalog. Site representatives did not respond
to requests for information.
The backdoor in CART32 is just the latest in a string of security
vulnerabilities in software used by small online businesses. Earlier this
month, a similar backdoor was discovered in the popular Dansie Shopping Cart. In that case, the
program’s author, Craig Dansie, coded the backdoor into the program to
enable him to delete the script from any server that was violating his
After initially denying that the technique posed a security risk, Dansie
eventually issued a security patch which, according to a message at the
site, “removes all known security problems.” Dansie, however, has not
provided a copy of the patched software for testing to the system
administrator who originally found the backdoor. Nor has he responded to
testing requests from the authors of Nessus, a remote security scanning tool
that now includes the Dansie cart among its list of high-risk vulnerabilities.
may have known about the security vulnerability in his cart long
before the recent advisory was posted on the Bugtraq
security mailing list. Last August, Dansie.net was
defaced by a group that calls itself Hackers in Paradise. A HiP member
who uses the handle “Freejack” replaced the Dansie site’s homepage with one
that read, “To The Admin: Your Scripts Are Ridiculously Insecure. People Are
Relying On Your Scripts Security To Protect Their Credit Card Info, Yet Your
Own Scripts Can Be Easily Manipulated To Cruise Your Whole Server Hard
CART32 also has a checkered past for security. The program was among a group
of eleven shopping carts that allowed an attacker to tamper with input forms
and order items at reduced prices. According to Internet Security Systems Inc., which identified the
vulnerability last February, version 2.6 of CART32 was modified by the
developers to provide a higher level of security.
And in April of last year, it was discovered that more than 100 online stores had misconfigured their shopping carts which allowed the software to log order information, including credit card
numbers, in a world-readable file accessible by anyone with a Web browser.
Cerberus’ Litchfield said the rash of security holes in ecommerce packages
behooves small sites to be vigilant.
“Small sites in particular can’t afford to be hacked. They should do some
due diligence and make sure there’s nothing wrong with these things. It’s
not difficult to do.” | <urn:uuid:d1a0b4a4-abe8-4483-98b5-e14dca27258c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.internetnews.com/small-business/small-sites-warned-of-insecure-carts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935064 | 1,146 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Enjoy a dynamic and creative skilled trades career in Canada’s service sector
Of all the major areas of the skilled trades, the service sector may be the most diverse. Overall, it accounts for many popular industries, including those representing culture, leisure, retail, transportation, and tourism.
While skilled trades in other areas have common work environments like construction sites, factories, and assembly plants, service-oriented skilled trades share only one trait: working closely with members of the public.
Take, for example, the entrepreneurial baker who serves their community by providing world-class baked goods. Or, the certified hairstylist who develops close relationships with their clients and eventually opens up their own salon.
These are just two of many skilled trades occupations available in the service sector.
Facts to consider
- Many service-based skilled trades careers – such as cooks, hairstylists, and appliance service technicians – qualify for the Red Seal designation, which enables certified individuals to work anywhere in Canada.
- It’s anticipated that there will be a labour shortage of 10,000 Red Seal trades workers over the next five years.
- An estimated 700,000 skilled tradespeople are expected to retire by 2028, intensifying an existing labour shortage.
- Median incomes for Canada’s skilled trades can range from $80,000 to $100,000, well over the average annual salary of about $55,000.
How an Ontario college can help you start a service career
The Canadian economy’s incredibly varied service sector continues to grow in order to serve the country’s expanding population. Ontario’s colleges offer a variety of programs that can help individuals learn the skills required to start a career in this sector.
Below, you’ll find just a few sample programs that can help you start or elevate your service career.
- Fanshawe College, Horticulture Technician (HTN1)
- Canadore College, Culinary Management (020203)
- St. Lawrence College, Child and Youth Care (0301)
Access more options in Find Your Trade.
Stephanie Hughes, “Canada faces skilled labour crunch when 700,000 tradespeople retire this decade, warns RBC,” Financial Post, Sept. 16, 2021, https://financialpost.com/fp-work/canada-needs-to-address-a-skilled-worker-shortfall-set-to-squeeze-labour-market-rbc.
Matt Dodge, “The Average Canadian Salary in 2020,” Jobillico.com, Sept. 2, 2020, https://www.jobillico.com/blog/en/the-average-canadian-salary-in-2020/. | <urn:uuid:7c1eb4e9-22ed-48b7-abe2-feebe328f9f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trades.ontariocolleges.ca/careers/service/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.912276 | 582 | 1.914063 | 2 |
“The legend of Oni” takes place in Heian period (Year 794 to 1185)
Before the Samurai world in Japan, all the nobles were living and fighting to get their power.
Noble Nagamichi and his son Ebuki were in middle of this power struggle fight and turned their hearts to an Oni. Nagamichi who looks like a human but has an Oni heart. Ebuki changed his appearance to an Oni do for hatred and grudges he held against his father.“The Legend of Oni” is a Japanese style musical story written through these two different Onis.
Theme of this play is about the conscience in our lives.
Oni is an Ogre from Japanese Mythology known as the god of mountains with a fearful appearance. It is believed that the Oni come to punish humans when they misbehave.
The play touched the heart of audience with an overarching message that we all have a seed of becoming Oni (hatred, anger and grudges) in each of us. Show has successfully closed in Tokyo and Osaka in 2013. 21 freshly composed original songs with traditional Japanese Drum beat leads this human drama brought a sensation in the Japanese musical scene and still now receiving numerous show requests. Casts are all female, sensitive yet energetic actors in gorgeous Kimono-based costume with powerful Japanese fan choreography will take you to 90 minute journey through Oriental myth.
Feedback from Audience
Magnificent performance! Energetic expression and effects gave me goosebumps and feeling of being part of the play.
(Sakai-city,Osaka / Housewife)
Dynamism of performance based on traditional Japanese dance using Katana-Sword and Fan to express and effect was impressive .Sweet Sorrow Story line made tears roll down my cheeks.
(Takarazuka-city, Hyogo /20 years old)
Simple story line got my heart into the play and relate easily.
Powerful chorus surround the stage with group dynamism. Thrilled me like anything and gave goosebumps on my body.
Gorgeous Kimono-based Costume entertained our sights.
The sensitive and wistful theme is contained deeply in the play.
Clear story line made the time really fly and made the show enjoyable!
(Osaka/ Business person)
Agree that Oni (Ogre) can be an avatar of human lust and greed.
I will certainly go for their next performance!
(Takarazuka-city, Hyogo/ Business person)
Extraordinary idea of merging western and eastern culture that creating a musical play based on Japanese History (Heian period).
Deep beat of Japanese drum made my heart pound with excitement along with characters'line and music! Highly recommend!
Couldn't take my eyes away from stage, even to blink especially in the last 30 mins of climax!
Outstanding original story and music.
(Takarazuka-city, Hyogo/ Housewife)
Essential theme of our life, definitely related to our modern daily life and society.
(Osaka-city,Osaka / Housewife) | <urn:uuid:5758a0f6-caf1-490f-a6af-7a755057d98b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ozmate.net/oniinnyc/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.938305 | 705 | 1.71875 | 2 |
In this new edition to the About Suzuki series, Shigeki Tanaka shares his experiences with using the Suzuki Method® to teach young children. He founded a kindergarten that has seen more than 1,000 graduates using this system. His belief is that every baby has the potential to develop higher ability, which is fostered by the baby's environment. Therefore, parents and teachers must be conscious of a child's environment from an early age. He concludes that what is at the core of human ability is heart, not knowledge. This book is a great addition to the study of early childhood education! | <urn:uuid:650dfa61-292a-452e-adce-decf80cc6ce7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dev.alfred.com/everything-depends-on-how-we-raise-them-educating-young-children-by-the-suzuki-method/p/00-0999/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.975057 | 118 | 2.484375 | 2 |
HomeWorldMexico Makes Risky Bet on Liquefied Gas in New Global Scenario
Mexico Makes Risky Bet on Liquefied Gas in New Global Scenario
June 30, 2022
by Emilio Godoy (mexico city)
Inter Press Service
MEXICO CITY, Jun 30 (IPS) – Liquefied gas does not occupy a prominent position in Mexico’s energy mix, but the government wants to change that scenario, to take advantage of the crisis unleashed by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the need for new sources of the fuel due to the sanctions against Russia.
The war modified the global outlook for gas by accentuating Europe’s dependence on natural gas and forcing it to look for other suppliers due to the sanctions against Russia. If prior to the war that began on Feb. 24 there was an oversupply and a lack of interest in financing gas projects, now the equation has changed radically.
ln addition to promoting the installation of private plants, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced on Jun. 11 the construction of a three billion dollar natural gas liquefaction plant in the southern state of Oaxaca, to be run by the state-owned Federal Electricity Commission (CFE).
A new gas pipeline to be laid between Oaxaca and Coatzacoalcos, in the southeastern state of Tabasco, will help feed the liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing plant using gas from the United States.
In July 2021, the Mexican government created the state-owned company Gas Bienestar, to sell the fuel at subsidized prices and thus cushion the impact of the international rise in fuel prices, driven by the increase in demand after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has doubled since the invasion of Ukraine.
Mexico depends on U.S. gas for residential and industrial consumption, transported mostly by pipelines belonging to U.S. companies, which are now looking for ways to sell it in third party markets, re-exporting it from Mexico after liquefying it in processing plants built here.
But this model is criticized for chaining Mexico to gas in the long term and reinforcing dependence on fossil fuels, thus breaking with the commitment to an energy transition to decarbonize domestic consumption.
“This dependence is not sustainable,” Jaqueline Valenzuela, director of the non-governmental Center for Renewable Energy and Environmental Quality, told IPS from the northwestern city of La Paz. “What we are seeing is that we are receiving gas from fracking after the government promised to stop supporting that technology. It is incoherent.”
In La Paz, the capital of the state of Baja California Sur, most of the power generation depends on fuel oil, a highly polluting petroleum derivative that is also harmful to human health.
Since the 2013 energy reform, which opened the sector to private foreign and local capital, Mexico has become a recipient of gas from the United States, obtained through hydraulic fracturing (fracking), a technique that requires large amounts of polluting chemicals and water, and transported through pipelines.
A network of gas pipelines has been created in this country of 131 million people, with 27 state and private pipelines, for distribution over a territory of almost two million square kilometers.
The recipients of the gas are some 50 thermoelectric combined cycle plants – which burn gas to generate steam for electricity – and turbogas units, both state-owned and private.
Increasingly, however, the LNG processed in Mexico will also be destined for markets in other continents, which are now eager for suppliers that are not facing Western sanctions.
Among the beneficiaries of the new world gas scenario are Mexican facilities that receive the fuel, liquefy it and re-export it by ship, to take advantage of the rising cost of the material.
Four private plants supply LNG in the northeast and northwest of the country, mainly for thermoelectric plants and industrial consumption.
Since 2008, the private Energía Costa Azul (ECA), located in the municipality of Ensenada, Baja California, has been operating with a capacity of one billion cubic feet (bcf) of gas per day, owned by Infraestructura Energética Nova (IEnova), a Mexican subsidiary of the US company Sempra Energy, which invested some 1.2 billion dollars in the facility.
In the Port of Pichilingue, also in Baja California Sur, the terminal of the same name, with the capacity to process three million tons of LNG per year and owned by the U.S. company New Fortress, has been operating since July 2021. The processing plant supplies the derivative to a local thermoelectric plant.
In Manzanillo, in the western state of Colima, the KMS Terminal, owned by Korean and Japanese corporations, has been operating since 2012 with a capacity of 3.8 million tons per year.
On the other side of the country, in Altamira, in the northeastern state of Tamaulipas, the terminal of the same name, co-owned by the Dutch company Vopak and Enagás from Spain, has been operating since 2006 with a capacity of 5.7 million tons per year.
Mexico as a producer
Mexico is the 12th largest oil producer in the world and the 17th largest gas producer. In terms of proven crude oil reserves, it ranks 20th, and 41st in natural gas, but its hydrocarbon industry is declining due to the scarcity of easily extractable deposits.
In Mexico, Latin America’s second largest economy, between 2019 and May this year natural gas production ranged between 4.6 and 4.8 bcf per day, according to official data.
Extraction is lower than domestic demand and to balance the deficit Mexico imports gas, especially from the United States, from which it imported a maximum of 935 million and a minimum of 640 million cubic feet per day (MMcf/d) over the last three years, according to figures from state-owned oil giant Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex).
In addition, LNG processing has been falling. In 2019, the country refined 100,000 barrels per day (bpd) equivalent, which fell to 84,000 in 2021. And in April 2022, the total dropped to 43,000 bpd.
Imports of LNG vary widely: Mexico imported almost 54 billion bpd in 2019, a total that fell by one billion in 2020 and rose to 67 billion bpd in 2021, dropping again to 27 billion bpd last April. In addition, it has not exported LNG since July 2020, due to the demand of the domestic market.
Meanwhile, U.S. pipeline exports to Mexico have quadrupled in recent years, according to data from the U.S. government’s Energy Information Administration.
“While the U.S. must help its allies in need, the ability of U.S. gas to provide reliable and affordable energy to the world is quite limited,” Tyson Slocum, director of the Energy Program at the nonprofit consumer advocacy organization Public Citizen, told IPS from Washington.
Slocum said that “our concern is that U.S. exports to Mexico will simply feed Mexican exports of liquefied gas.”
The greed for gas attracts private and public companies alike. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has issued at least five permits to export LNG and to re-export it via Mexico since 2016. In addition, one project is under construction and three others are planned on Mexico’s Pacific coast.
IEnova and France’s TotalEnergies are building phase one of ECA, a plant with a capacity of 3.25 million tons of LNG per year with an investment of two billion dollars, scheduled to start operating in 2024. Meanwhile, phase two is under design, to produce an additional 12 million tons per year.
Mexico Pacific Limited LLC (MPL), owned by three U.S. private investment funds, is building another regasification plant in Puerto Libertad in the northwestern state of Sonora, with an investment of 2.5 billion dollars, which is projected to export 14 million tons of LNG annually to Asia.
The first stage is to begin in 2025, with 4.7 million tons, President López Obrador said at one of his morning press conferences.
In December 2018, the DOE authorized MPL to export up to 1.7 bcf per day from the future facility, an endorsement required to export the fuel from the U.S.
In addition, the Vista Pacifico LNG project planned by Sempra in Topolobampo, in the northwestern state of Sinaloa, is to transport fuel from the Permian Basin oil-and-gas-producing area in West Texas for re-export to Asia and Europe, in addition to several destinations in South America.
In April 2021 Vista Pacifico received permission from the DOE to export 40 bcf per year – 110 mcf per day – to Mexico. Of that total, 200 bcf of gas per year – 550 mcf per day – would be for liquefaction and re-export.
Last January, Mexico’s state-owned CFE and U.S.-based Sempra signed a voluntary memorandum of understanding for the probable construction of a plant for this purpose.
Also in Sinaloa, the private LNG Alliance of Singapore is building the Amigo LNG plant, which will begin operations in 2027 with the capacity to process 3.9 million tons per year.
“The country continues to bet on the fossil fuel extractivist model. We do not see another energy alternative being built in the face of the climate emergency,” complained Edmundo del Pozo, coordinator of the Territory, Rights and Development area of the non-governmental Fundar Center for Research and Analysis.
The expert told IPS that the modernization of hydroelectric plants and the strengthening of Pemex promoted by López Obrador since he took office in December 2018 have favored gas consumption.
“Continuing with fossil fuels is not an option. We are fighting for the inputs used to generate electricity to be local,” such as sunlight, said Valenzuela, the head of the non-governmental Center for Renewable Energy and Environmental Quality. | <urn:uuid:cce4261e-7c91-49ff-acb0-48bb0c75c250> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greatawakeningmusic.com/world/mexico-makes-risky-bet-on-liquefied-gas-in-new-global-scenario/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944972 | 2,175 | 1.976563 | 2 |
*This project will not be via zoom, but either video or picture with written portion.
FINAL PROJECT PRESENTATION FALL 2020
For this assignment, you will need to choose one of the following options and present your project to the class. If you have chosen to work with others, please remember that EACH MEMBER of your group MUST present some facet of the project. Since we are all communicating remotely, your project obviously will have to be presented remotely…via Zoom, so keep that in mind as you make your choice and begin creating your project.
Write a journal entry from either Aziza or Zalmai’s point of view describing life in Kabul with Tariq and Laila.
Write a sequel to the novel set 5 years after the end of the novel.
Read Hosseini’s first novel, The Kite Runner, and write an essay comparing and contrasting it with A Thousand Splendid Suns. ***You may only choose this option if you have not taken 1A with me before and read this novel in that class***
Research one Afghan dish mentioned in the novel or otherwise. Prepare the dish for the class to sample. (Obviously, this one would be a lot more fun if we were meeting in person. Present the class with the recipe and explain its origins and significance.
Create a time line, flipbook, list, or map to illustrate modern Afghan history. Be sure to illuminate key events in A Thousand Splendid Suns.
Research which movies are popular in Afghanistan today. Offer reasons as to why you think these movies are popular.
Research music in modern Afghanistan. Are there any cultural bans on certain types of music? If so, explain why you think these bans are in place.
Research political asylum. Why do people seek it, and why do you think Hosseini sought political asylum in the United States?
Working with a group, stage an existing scene from the novel. Add appropriate background music, costumes, etc.
Working with a group, write and stage a different ending for the novel.
Create a pencil sketch of the Buddhas of Bamiyan Valley. Provide a short explanation about their historical significance with your finished piece.
Prepare a collage depicting the history of various political regimes and the devastation these regimes have caused in Afghanistan.
Create a collage depicting Mariam’s oppression, strength, and sacrifice.
Design a poster to advertise the novel.
Create a board game that depicts parts of Mariam’s life, e.g. living in the Kolba with Nana, her brief time under Jalil’s roof, life with Rasheed before and after Laila’s arrival, etc. Please note, you may use Laila or the others as a main character. Be sure to include various points of interest mentioned in the book, explanations of each one, game pieces, as well as rules of the game.
Create a collage or board that features newspaper and magazine articles relating to Afghanistan, including its political climate and the everyday lives of its citizens.
WHEN YOU HAVE COMPLETED YOUR PROJECT, YOU WILL FORWARD THE VIDEO, PHOTO, ETC. TO ME FOR VIEWING.
DON’T WAIT UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE TO GET STARTED. YOUR PROJECT MUST HAVE A PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE IN ORDER TO EARN A HIGH GRADE.
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The Importance of Mitigating Flood Damage
Water Damage Is Reduced from Flooding When SERVPRO Is Called for Help
At SERVPRO, we pursue an aggressive strategy of mitigation, meaning we send out crews 24/7 as quickly as possible to respond rapidly to a scene and stop further damage from occurring. Some disasters rely on mitigation more than others, and flood damage is one of the more significant mitigation topics. We urge homeowners who have fallen victim to a flood to contact us as soon as possible, as a speedy response makes a big difference in how much time and money the situation ends up costing you.
Stopping Seepage and Penetration
When water floods an area, every nook and cranny are susceptible to significant water damage. If we can't respond quickly to a case of flood damage in the Hickory, Newton, or Conover areas, water will begin to work its way through cracks and corners into deeper regions of your home. In the worst cases, when the homeowner is away or unaware of the damage, it can even seep into and damage the building foundation.
Preventing Mold Growth and Further Infection
Floodwaters breed mold, fungi, and present an environment for insects and microbes to expand in great numbers quickly. Early removal of floodwater is critical in stopping the growth and reproduction of these unwanted consequences. We will also need to initiate a thorough drying process to free the area from mold's grip, and pumping out water quickly is a vital first step to diminishing these effects.
Keeping Conditions Under Control
Floods tend to open up areas to conditions that propagate further damage to the home, manipulating factors such as temperature, humidity, and air flow in the home. If we can respond quickly enough, we can set up equipment to control these variables before the flood ever gets a chance to disrupt the internal elements of the structure.
SERVPRO of Alexander, Burke, Caldwell & Catawba Counties employs a strategy of mitigation to help prevent as much damage as possible to your home in the event of a disaster. If your home has been flooded, call us right away 24/7 at (828) 396-1070 so that we can respond quickly and begin to mitigate damage. | <urn:uuid:4c5e9eec-bd19-46ba-a814-ab1b4a4ca8e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.servproalexandercaldwellcounties.com/blog/post/383707/storm/the-importance-of-mitigating-flood-damage | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945041 | 462 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Portable surface cleaning system for removing any contamination,covering or scurf with further application of a metal coating
Surface cleansing is conducted by the combined impact of a high-temperature gas jet and a high-speed flow of abrasive particles onto the treated surface. After cleansing, metal powder is supplied into the ejector and a metal coating is applied onto the surface.The gas jet is generated in the combustion chamber by incinerating kerosene with air with further acceleration of resultant products to the supersonic speed in the nozzle of the gas generator. Fuel ignition is generated by an electric spark.The abrasive and sputtered material particles are accelerated by a supersonic flow of combustion materials. The ejection method of supplying abrasive materials is used. | <urn:uuid:b361ddee-b272-4021-b375-098fbd6c36e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catalog.moscow-export.com/zh/industrie/federalnoe-gosudarstvennoe-byudzhetnoe-obrazovatelnoe-uchrezhdenie-vysshego-obrazovaniya-moskovskiy-/uton-mobilnoe-vysokoeffektivnoe-oborudovanie-dlya-ochistki-poverkhnosti-materialov-ot-lyubykh-pokryt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.919271 | 158 | 2.21875 | 2 |
A new article appearing on ReadWriteWeb is about the international Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). The writer is part of the group that thinks SOPA, PIPA, and OPENA have been stopped. They have not. See: SOPA, PIPA, OPENA articles.
Now we have word about an international attack on our rights from another quarter: ACTA. Read the article: What You Should Know About ACTA and Your Rights.
This is important for our SL community because other counties will be adopting, or not, this treaty. Many countries still have opportunities to stop their countries from signing onto the treaty.
This law comes to us in the forum of a treaty. Pres. Obama has signed this treaty. Few people are aware of the attacks on our freedom in the US mounted by this admiration. A treaty must be approved by the US Senate. The House of Representatives has no say in treaties. So, in many ways the Senate is more important than the House.
There is confusion as whether ACTA is a treaty. Obama says it is an Executive Agreement. However, there is no Constitutional foundation for any other type of agreement with another country than a treaty. This has not stopped Pres. Obama from signing this treaty, circumventing Congress, circumventing the Constitution, and having the Dept. of Justice enforce it effectively allowing the executive branch to make a law. See: Obama Tries to Bypass Congress with Deadly Global Internet Treaty ACTA.
For Americans this is an outrageous tragedy and there is no easy way to fight it. Since Congress has been circumvented complaining to your representatives is mostly pointless. Getting the President to reverse himself is probably impossible. In the US we will not be able to do anything about this until elections in November. If your country has not signed the treaty, contact your representatives. | <urn:uuid:bed10128-0cfe-4ece-9660-969344251900> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blog.nalates.net/2012/01/29/sopa-pipa-opena-and-acta/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960792 | 376 | 2.25 | 2 |
The price of petrol and diesel is soaring across Northern Ireland as war in Ukraine impacts on crude oil prices, with even the cheapest petrol up 4p per litre since last week.
Average fuel prices are now at a record high following the Russian invasion. But a snap survey by the Belfast Telegraph has found that prices in services stations here are varying by as much as 9p a litre for diesel.
The top diesel price we found was 154.9p per litre at an independent service station in Magherafelt, Co Londonderry.
But at Tesco service stations in Carrickfergus and Lisnagelvin, Londonderry, diesel was substantially cheaper at 145.9p. That was the lowest price we could find in the Magherafelt, Carrickfergus and Derry areas.
For people living in the north west, cheaper diesel was a short trip over the border away. A service station at Bridgend in Co Donegal was charging 173.9 cents (144.9p) for diesel. It charged 178.7 cents (148.9p) for petrol.
Petrol prices also fluctuated but by a smaller margin than diesel. We recorded the highest price at the same independent service station in Magherafelt which sold the dearest diesel. Petrol there was 152.9p per litre.
In Newcastle, Co Down, prices per litre of petrol varied from 146.9p to 149.9p. Diesel also ranged from 148.9p to 151.9p in the town.
According to the Consumer Council’s weekly fuel price tracker for last week, the cheapest petrol price exactly one week ago was 140.9p, and the most expensive at 150.9p. One week later, and following the invasion of Ukraine on Thursday, the cheapest price for petrol in Northern Ireland was 144.9p per litre at Tesco in Derry and Carrick.
The Consumer Council estimates that a typical fill is around 40 litres, so filling up on the lowest-priced petrol is now costing an extra £1.60 compared to last week.
One year ago, the most expensive place for diesel here was charging 125.9p per litre, while the dearest petrol was 121.9p,
In Carrickfergus, Go Express and a BP station at Spar were both charging 149.9p per litre for both diesel and petrol.
Tesco stores in Carrickfergus and Derry were charging the same price of 144.9p for petrol and 145.9p for diesel.
The rising price of crude oil has been putting pressure on petrol and diesel prices. Richard Williams, head of transport at the Consumer Council, said the price of a barrel of crude oil had gone up by around 50% over the last year in response to economic factors, such as the restarting of the global economy following Covid lockdowns.
It has now passed the $100 mark, with a barrel of Brent Crude hitting $107 at one point yesterday. He said: “The situation in Ukraine has pushed prices up and we really don’t know how long the trend for rising prices will last.”
Stormont's Agriculture Minister Edwin Poots has also warned of possible food shortages this year because of the invasion.
Mr Poots told the Assembly that the consequences of the Russian action would be "significantly greater" than the consequences of Brexit.
During ministerial question time, Ulster Unionist MLA Rosemary Barton asked what effect the assault on Ukraine.
Mr Poots said: "Ukraine is a supplier of cereals to Northern Ireland and consequently that has implications for the chicken, pork and diary industries in particular.
"We will seek to identify other sources, which will probably be north American. But the consequences of prices going up is inevitable.
"Russia is a big supplier of nitrogen. I have absolutely no doubt that the sanctions which will be imposed upon Russia will lead to the availability of nitrogen being more challenging. That is a price that has to be paid because we cannot tolerate Russia's behaviour.
"But at the same time it has a consequence for the amount of food we are currently capable of producing. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for our soils."
Asked if he foresaw a ‘global shortage’ of some of these products, Mr Poots said: "I think there is every possibility that we have food shortages this year on the back of what is happening in Russia and Ukraine and people need to recognise and realise the risks that are involved.
"I am requesting a meeting with the Secretary of State for Defra (George Eustice) to discuss these issues and get a better handle of where we might stand." | <urn:uuid:d8e7cb6e-0a2a-4fb4-98a0-7e5ec417bd95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/northern-ireland/fuel-prices-soar-in-space-of-a-week-as-ukraine-crisis-starts-to-hit-northern-ireland-41401255.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.962122 | 983 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information that may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as determined by governments, media outlets, authorities or other groups or institutions.
The Nazi book burnings were a campaign conducted by the German Student Union to ceremonially burn books viewed as being subversive or representing ideologies opposed to Nazism. These included books written by Jewish, pacifists, religious, classical liberal, anarchist, and communist authors. The first books burned were those of Karl Marx and Karl Kautsky.
Strict censorship existed in the Eastern Communist Bloc. Various ministries of culture controlled all forms of media and art. In the Stalinist period, even weather forecasts would be changed if they suggested that the sun might not shine on the communists International Worker’s Day.
In the People’s Republic of China, during the Culture Revolution, books were burned and artifacts, paintings, and statues were ruined because they were reminiscent of the pre-revolution past. Today, the Golden Shield Project monitors and tightly censors the internet.
Freedom of speech and freedom of expression must not be taken for granted. These are the first freedoms stripped during the rise of a dictator. We must be vigilant of who use violence to suppress ideas, those who seek to silence those they disagree with, those who seek to control speech. | <urn:uuid:d19b545c-105e-4ed5-9883-87d604c8820d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://historycollection.com/dangers-censorship-oppressive-regimes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961919 | 277 | 3.328125 | 3 |
France’s African policy has focused, over the past decades, on various themes and sectors with one objective: to make the French offer in Africa competitive. But why did we come to this when everything seemed to be in place since African independence, from the point of view of French rulers, to control internal political processes and endogenous economic dynamics?
Two explanatory factors seem relevant in an attempt to understand the different polarizations and fragmentations that have led to the loss of attractiveness and influence of the French offer in Africa. The first factor is certainly linked to the historical sociology of politics, which explains how France’s foreign policy in Africa has not known, wanted or been able to integrate control of the historicity of African societies, at least since the State formation process up to their insertion into the international system. The second factor, which is indisputably a continuation of the first, can be eminently strategic. French creativity in terms of foreign policy has not shown itself to be up to the great strategic challenges and the geopolitical and geoeconomic transformations taking place on the continent. During the thirty or forty years that followed African independence, the French military tool was the only effective pillar to ensure its political and economic interests in Africa. But this effectiveness has remained relative given the flagrant contradictions that have undermined the requirement for consistency in foreign policy. Faced with the loss of significant market shares and, in general, of its influence in Africa, France is trying to set up an economic catch-up diplomacy which is coming up against unprecedented geopolitical and geoeconomic competition.
Renewal of approaches and weak transformation of practices
For Frédéric Charillon, “foreign policy remains the instrument by which the state tries to shape its international political environment, but it is no longer just a matter of relations between governments […] It often consists of reacting or adapting to external events over which the decision-makers have no control” (1). This precaution or prescription of a strategic order seems to have been lacking in France in its relations with Africa. Many experts, some conservatives, others so-called realists or both, believe that the initial model of influence projection based on the “Pax Gallica” and inherited from colonization made it possible to maintain strategic influence considerable on the African continent and wish to return to this initial model. The latter consisted in supporting the regimes “friends of France” without any other form of conditionality than geopolitical “loyalty” (2). As Laurent Bansept and Elie Tenenbaum point out, this model “also took advantage of a comprehensive security and economic cooperation system and a context of measured strategic competition” (3). If this strategy enabled France to secure its political interests, it was not effective in confirming its economic advantage over the other powers. On a continental scale, this strategy has not failed to deepen, in several countries, the democratic deficit and the obstacles to state sovereignty. A situation which partly caused the development of a widely shared anti-French sentiment in French-speaking countries. These obstacles have been the basis of the diversification of economic partnerships on the continent with new competitors who have not failed to offer alternative solutions to the development of trade and investment in Africa.
Over the past three decades, a desire to gradually transform this model has been implemented. But this transformation took place with the introduction of a democratic conditionality which has always been applied with variable geometry. Not only is the issue of the effectiveness of conditionality the subject of debate, whether within the Court of Auditors of the European Union or at the International Monetary Fund, but this mechanism has rather produced a headwind on the continent. The principle of conditionality proved to be ineffective at a time when an alternative was taking shape on the continent with the entry into economic and commercial competition of powers such as China, India, Brazil, Turkey, etc. The latter have operated an unprecedented economic pragmatism on the continent while remaining consistent with their foreign policy doctrines. The immediate consequence of this imprudent reading in the evolution of exchanges between France and Africa was nothing other than the triple strategic, economic and cultural downgrading of France.
Trade: developments and diversification strategies
Faced with France’s loss of influence in Africa and the shrinking of its market shares (4), the government has undertaken, in recent years, to revitalize its trade policy for the continent. The strategy is relatively clear: sixty years after independence, it is urgent to go beyond the traditional conception of aid to construct that of investment for development. In the report by Hervé Gaymard addressed to the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs in April 2019, it is clearly specified that the ambition to relaunch the French economic presence in Africa must not be a collective ambition but must be carried by Public powers (5). According to this report, one of the urgent matters is the reconstruction in ten years of a French tool of world-class technical expertise, similar to that available in Germany. Such initiatives at the end of the 2010s show the extent to which France’s African policy, which was implemented over many decades, was designed on the basis of a relatively limited rationality. The new strategy which aims to integrate commercial diplomacy into France’s foreign policy doctrine, by having private actors play a more offensive role, seems to be relevant. But its long-term effectiveness will depend, on the one hand, on France’s macroeconomic performance nationally and internationally, and, on the other hand, on the competitiveness and adaptability of the French offer in Africa. . For the time being, the economic catch-up strategy is contributing to multiplying the instruments of assistance to the private sector and to encouraging the penetration of African markets by French companies.
For the year 2021, we note for example an increase in trade between France and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) of 10% compared to 2020, to 4.6 billion euros. According to the Treasury Department, French exports to countries in the area increased by 10.8% to 3.4 billion euros, two-thirds of these exports being destined for Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal. . As a reminder, Côte d’Ivoire remains France’s leading customer in WAEMU (second in sub-Saharan Africa), ahead of Senegal, while products from the agri-food and pharmaceutical industries remain France’s leading sales item to the ‘Union. French imports from the area also recorded an increase of 7.5% to 1.1 billion euros. 73% of these imports come from Côte d’Ivoire (third largest supplier in sub-Saharan Africa) and mainly consist of products from the agricultural and agri-food industries. Thus, France saw its trade surplus increase (+12.6%) to settle at 2.3 billion euros at the regional level, 32% of which came from the trade balance with Senegal (6).
France jostled in Africa
According to many observers, France’s largest African customers in terms of value, in 2019, are in North Africa. Algeria recorded 4.9 billion euros in purchases, Morocco 4.75 billion, 3.3 billion for Tunisia and 2.3 billion for Egypt. South Africa, which does not belong to this geographical area, is also one of the largest customers with a record bill of 5.2 billion euros (7).
As far as French purchases are concerned, North Africa retains the top spot with Morocco (5.5 billion euros), Tunisia (4.5 billion) and Algeria (4.2 billion). Right after these North African countries come countries like Nigeria (3.7 billion), Libya (1.4 billion) and South Africa (1.3 billion) (8). | <urn:uuid:e43c96c9-420c-4874-8b7c-8aec996bf025> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://searchmyarticle.com/economic-relations-between-france-and-africa-in-the-face-of-geopolitical-and-geoeconomic-issues-areion24-news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953118 | 1,586 | 2.34375 | 2 |
SYNTHESIS: (from protocatechualdehyde) A solution of 18 g commercial protocatechualdehyde (3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) in 200 mL warm acetic acid was filtered free of any insolubles, to provide a very dark but clear solution. With good stirring there was then added 20 g elemental bromine. The reaction spontaneously heated to about 30 °C and solids appeared in about 5 min. Stirring was continued for 1 h, and then the light gray solids that had formed were removed by filtration and lightly washed with acetic acid. These were air dried on the steam bath until free of acetic acid smell. The product, 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehde, weighed 11.7 g and had a mp of 222 °C.
To a solution of 11.7 g 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in 36 mL DMSO there was added 29 g methylene iodide followed by 20.8 g anhydrous K2CO3. This was heated on the steam bath for 3 h, added to 1 L H2O, made strongly basic with NaOH, then extracted with 3×100 mL CH2Cl2. These extracts were pooled, washed with H2O, and the solvent removed under vacuum. The dark brown semi-solid residue was distilled with the major fraction (6.0 g) coming over at 120–130 °C at 0.3 mm/Hg. This, upon recrystallization from 35 g boiling MeOH, gave 1.3 g of 3-bromo-4,5-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde as an off white crystalline solid with a mp of 123–124 °C.
A mixture of 2.2 g 3-bromo-4,5-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde and 3.6 mL cyclohexylamine in a distillation flask was heated to 100 °C to effect solution, and then with an open flame until the signs of H2O evolution were evident. This was then placed under a hard vacuum to remove the generated water and excess cyclohexylamine, and the product distilled at 120–125 °C at 0.2 mm/Hg. There was obtained 2.4 g of the Schiff base of the aldehyde and the amine, melting at 86–96 °C. Recrystallization of an analytical sample from 5 volumes of MeOH gave 3-bromo-4,5-methylenedioxybenzylidine-N-cyclohexylamine as a white solid with a mp of 97.5–98.5 °C. Anal. (C14H16BrNO2) H; C: calcd, 54.20; found, 53.78.
A solution of 2.2 g 3-bromo-4,5-methylenedioxybenzylidine-N-cyclohexylamine (the above Schiff base) in 50 mL anhydrous Et2O was placed in a He atmosphere, stirred magnetically, and cooled with a dry ice/acetone bath. A white fine crystalline phase appeared. There was then added 5.2 mL 1.55 M butyllithium in hexane (the fine solids dissolved) followed by 4.0 mL of tributyl borate. After returning to room temperature, the reaction was quenched with 20 mL of saturated aqueous ammonium sulfate. The Et2O/hexane layer was separated, washed with additional ammonium sulfate solution, and then stripped of volatiles under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in 100 mL 50% MeOH, treated with 2 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide and, after 15 min swirling, quenched with a solution of 10 g ammonium sulfate in 50 mL H2O. This aqueous phase (pH about 8) was extracted with 2×50 mL CH2Cl2, the extract pooled and stripped of solvent under vacuum, and the residue dissolved in warm, dilute HCl. After all the residue had dissolved (a few min heating was sufficient), the solution was cooled to room temperature and extracted with 2×50 mL CH2Cl2. These organics were pooled and extracted in turn with 2×50 mL 5% NaOH. Acidification of the pooled aqueous fractions with HCl, followed by extraction with 2×50 mL CH2Cl2 gave, after evaporation of the solvent, a residue that was distilled at 140–150 °C at 0.25 mm/Hg to give 3-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde. This was recrystallized from toluene (40 mL/g) to give 0.46 g of an off-white product with a mp of 134–134.5 °C. Anal. (C8H6O4) C,H.
A solution of 0.44 g 3-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde in 10 mL dry acetone was treated with 0.5 g methyl iodide and 0.5 g powdered anhydrous K2CO3, and was held at reflux for 6 h. All volatiles were stripped under vacuum, the residue dissolved in water, made strongly basic with NaOH, and extracted with 3×50 mL CH2Cl2. Removal of the solvent gave
A solution of 9.8 g myristicinaldehyde in 35 mL glacial acetic acid was treated with 5.3 mL nitroethane and 3.2 g anhydrous ammonium acetate, and heated on the steam bath for 1.5 h. It was removed, treated with H2O with good stirring to just short of turbidity, seeded with product nitrostyrene, and allowed to come slowly to room temperature. The bright yellow solids that formed were removed by filtration, washed with a small amount of aqueous acetic acid, and sucked as free of solvent as possible. This material, pressed on a porous plate, had a mp of 107–110 °C. Recrystallization from 60 mL boiling EtOH gave, after filtering and air drying, 5.1 g of 1-(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-nitropropene as light yellow solids with a mp of 109–110 °C.
A suspension of 7.5 g LAH in 500 mL anhydrous Et2O was magnetically stirred, and heated in an inert atmosphere to a gentle reflux. The condensing Et2O leached out a total of 9.8 g 1-(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-nitropropene from a Soxhlet thimble in a shunted reflux condenser. This, in effect, added the nitrostyrene to the reaction medium as a warm saturated Et2O solution. When the addition was completed, the refluxing was maintained for an additional 5 h, then the reaction mixture was cooled and the excess hydride destroyed by the addition of 400 mL 1.5 N H2SO4 (the first 20 mL a drop at a time and with very good stirring). The phases were separated, and sufficient saturated aqueous Na2CO3 was added to the aqueous phase to bring the pH up to about 6.0. This was heated to 80 °C and filtered through a coarse sintered glass funnel to remove some insoluble fines. The clear filtrate was brought up almost to a boil, and treated with a solution of 10.2 g of 90% picric acid in 110 mL boiling EtOH. Crystals of the picrate formed immediately at the edges, and as the reaction flask was cooled in an ice tub, the entire reaction set to a yellow mass of crystals. These were removed by filtration, washed sparingly with 80% EtOH, and air dried to give 14.0 g of the picrate salt of MMDA, with a mp of 182–184 °C. Recrystallization of a small sample from EtOH dropped this to 179–181 °C. This salt was treated with 30 mL 5% NaOH, and the red solution decanted from some insolubles. Additional H2O and NaOH effectively dissolved everything, and the resulting basic aqueous phase was extracted with 3×50 mL CH2Cl2. The pooled extracts were stripped of solvent under vacuum, and the residue dissolved in 200 mL anhydrous Et2O and saturated with anhydrous HCl gas. There was a heavy precipitation of white crystals, which were removed by filtration, Et2O washed, and air dried to give 6.37 g 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine hydrochloride (MMDA) with a mp of 190–191 °C. Anal. (C11H16ClNO3) Cl.
(from Oil of Nutmeg) The careful distillation of Oil of Nutmeg (or the Oil of Mace) allowed the isolation of a number of compounds in varying degrees of purity. The fraction that boiled in the 110–115 °C range at about 1.0 mm/Hg was
A solution of 50 g
A mixture of 50 g 1-(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-nitropropene and 26 g racemic α-methylbenzylamine was heated on the steam bath. The mixture gradually formed a clear solution with the steady evolution of nitroethane. When the reaction became quiet, there was added a mixture of 20 mL concentrated HCl in 100 mL H2O. The reaction mixture dissolved completely, and as the temperature continued to rise there was the abrupt solidification as the formed myristicinaldehyde crystallized out. This product was removed by filtration and, when combined with a second crop obtained by the hexane extraction of the filtrate, gave 36.9 g of myristicinaldehyde. The mp of 128–129 °C was raised to 133–134 °C by recrystallization from hexane.
DOSAGE: 100–250 mg.
QUALITATIVE COMMENTS: (with 100 mg) “I felt completely relaxed at one hour. Almost as if I was floating. There were no obvious effects on taste, and the relaxation and composed feeling is much like a small dose, maybe 20 mikes, of
(with 100 mg) “It seemed to take 45 minutes to work and then it came on very suddenly, as if my eyeballs were being pulled out and my whole head expanding. Soon a cold feeling set in with shivering—this was not unpleasant. My state in about two hours seemed to be one of empathy and passivity, compassion of an impersonal sort. The music sounded artificial and canned and tinny, in contrast to the voices, which sounded rich and full and finely articulated and melodious.”
(with 150 mg) “We are on the beach at the river mouth drying seaweed, on split redwood. There is a slight nausea, slight cramps, and then my visual field starts to light up. Still vertigo but only with my eyes open, and heaviness and time stretches out; numbness in the chest as when an opiate is taken. There are geometric patterns, but the excess light on my closed eyelids interferes with this. A dance of the glittering diamond studded sea waves, increasing motion and beauty. More landscapes appear inside. This is a good introductory drug to the drugs of this class, to become familiar with the drug state in as gentle a fashion as possible. This substance seems to have a much gentler action than others of this class; perhaps more like cannabis or
(with 210 mg) “MMDA tastes awful. The bitter alkaloid taste is followed by a distinctively chemical laboratory flavor as if from old rubber tubing. Nothing seems to happen for about 45 minutes when rather suddenly an anvil seems to lower itself over your head; you feel disoriented, and tend to withdraw from social contact a little. The drug gives less feeling of being ill than
(with 225 mg) “I had a strange awareness of my hands in about 20 minutes—not a feeling in them as just that I was attracted to them somehow. Then I began to get fearful, an acute experience of aloneness. I lay face down (a depressed position for me). Next I was talking to the kids at school (an image) or to other teachers. This was very vivid. The scenes at school were more vivid that the real scenes around me here. Those people were much more real. I am actually very sleepy right now during the experiment. Of any experience I have had, this was most like a series of dreams easily remembered. When it was over, I felt as if I had had a long period of sleeping—I had gone to bed and had a series of dream-like states very vivid and colorful and real.”
EXTENSIONS AND COMMENTARY: The phrase that had been used by several of the subjects in the early trials with MMDA, again and again, was “brain movies.” Apparently the richest of the effects were to be had with the eyes closed. This is the compound that I had first completed in 1962, and had named it MMDA, and had begun the exploring of it when I heard that Dr. Gordon A. Alles, a professor of pharmacology at U. C. L. A. who had his own private laboratory in Los Angeles, had also synthesized it in 1962, had also named it MMDA, and had also begun exploring it. We made a date to meet and share ideas, and then he died, at the age of 62, in 1963.
This is a material that might be a contributing factor to the pharmacology of nutmeg. The major essential oil from that spice is essential oil) led to the classifying of MMDA as a Essential Amphetamine. These relationships are expanded upon, under
At the time that the FDA issued its proclamation of dangerous drugs (in the mid-1960’s), MMDA was being talked about, and in fact it had just become available commercially in England through the Koch Light Industries. But to my knowledge it had never appeared on the street, so its having being swept into the listings of evil drugs was simply a coincidence of bad timing. The close resemblance of initials between MMDA, and the currently notorious
13 Jun 2018 · · Isomer Design
About PiHKAL · info
This version of Book II of PiHKAL is based on the Erowid online version, originally transcribed by Simson Garfinkle and converted into HTML by Lamont Granquist. I drew also on “Tyrone Slothrop’s” (Unfinished) Review of PIHKAL to enumerate the many analogues mentioned in PiHKAL but not described at length. Many, many others have since been added.
I have tried here to expunge any artifacts introduced by the earlier transcriptions and restore the typographic niceties found in the printed edition. I’ve also made minor changes to some chemical names in line with current nomenclature practice. Typically the change is little more than expanding a prefix or setting it in italics. The history page has further details.
“At the present time, restrictive laws are in force in the United States and it is very difficult for researchers to abide by the regulations which govern efforts to obtain legal approval to do work with these compounds in human beings.“No one who is lacking legal authorization should attempt the synthesis of any of the compounds described in these files, with the intent to give them to man. To do so is to risk legal action which might lead to the tragic ruination of a life. It should also be noted that any person anywhere who experiments on himself, or on another human being, with any of the drugs described herein, without being familiar with that drug’s action and aware of the physical and/or mental disturbance or harm it might cause, is acting irresponsibly and immorally, whether or not he is doing so within the bounds of the law.”
The copyright for Book I of PiHKAL has been reserved in all forms and it may not be distributed. Book II of PiHKAL may be distributed for non-commercial reproduction provided that the introductory information, copyright notice, cautionary notice and ordering information remain attached.
PiHKAL is the extraordinary record of the authors’ years exploring the chemistry and transformational power of phenethylamines. This book belongs in the library of anyone seeking a rational, enlightened and candid perspective on psychedelic drugs.
Though Sasha and Ann have put Book II of PiHKAL in the public domain, available to anyone, I strongly encourage you to buy a copy. We owe them — and there’s still nothing quite like holding a real book in your hands.
PiHKAL (ISBN 0-9630096-0-5) is available for US$24.50 (plus $10 domestic first-class shipping) from Transform Press.Transform Press,
Berkeley, CA 94701
510 · 934 · 4930 (voice)
510 · 934 · 5999 (fax) | <urn:uuid:a7123a23-9bc3-4d6d-96e3-4203c945f9c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=132 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96725 | 3,697 | 2.078125 | 2 |
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