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When I used to be a child, studying meant hardbacks or paperbacks, carting books round in luggage — and thus by no means having sufficient studying materials readily available. Books on tape had been a factor however they had been prohibitively costly. The native library had some, however my entry to a cassette participant was restricted to a boombox sort affair. Connecting headphones to it was cumbersome and the remainder of the household actually didn’t need to hear what I used to be studying. In the heady heights of the ’90s, I caught to paperbacks, or the occasional traditional hardback my father stored as ornaments on excessive cabinets.
As with most different issues, the web cracked open an entire new world for readers. Ebooks and e book readers turned attainable. Audiobooks all of the sudden didn’t require awkward gear struggles. Brilliant libraries embraced a mess of recent methods to learn so the know-how was accessible to extra individuals. The days of carrying six paperbacks in your carry-on might be a factor of the previous (until, after all, you truly liked that bit).
Despite my love of all issues studying tech, I actually struggled with audiobooks as they went mainstream. Some books felt ill-suited to audio for me. My earphones fell out typically, as I’d tug the wire unintentionally within the retailers after which sigh loudly at my very own stupidity. I struggled with some genres on audio and simply couldn’t get into the story. It felt a bit like a minefield and it’s taken me some years to get it proper for me, so right here’s a rundown of the way to make it best for you too.
How to Listen to Audiobooks: Making the Transition
It’s truly fairly formidable to get going with audiobooks — or at the least, that was my expertise. The first time I attempted it, I didn’t choose the proper guide after which felt the complete effort wasn’t for me. It may be price listening to a guide you already know and love, to get a way of the way it will give you the results you want and provide you with a comparability with the web page.
In common, should you’re extra of a fiction reader, select fiction to your first audio. Narrative nonfiction readers would possibly like to choose from that pool. The second time I attempted audio, I listened to Nicola Yoon’s Everything, Everything. I fell in love with the voice of narrator Bahni Turpin and that was my fortunate approach in. After that first one, I seemed into what else Turpin had narrated (The Hate U Give, The Starless Sea, Moon Witch, Spider King and Children of Blood and Bone, amongst others) and it was simple to make my subsequent decisions. By the time I branched out to different narrators, I had a way of the place I favored to pay attention (within the gymnasium, whereas working, generally on trains) — and the place I didn’t (not the London underground, by no means in work as a result of I misplaced monitor of the story, not whereas vacuuming).
In my view, the easiest way of stepping into audio is relatively trial and error. Pick a guide you understand you’re keen on, or a guide you’ve wished to learn for ages, in your favorite style or by your favorite writer. Use it as an experiment: you already know you’ll largely just like the story, so that you’re testing out a brand new medium of exploring a world you already love. Give it an opportunity to stay, as a result of audiobooks are an entire new behavior should you’ve spent a lot of your life like me, clutching beloved and well-worn paperbacks.
Some Tips and Tricks for Listening
When you’re just a few books in, you’ll begin to discover your groove. If you already take heed to quite a lot of music or podcasts, you doubtless have resolved the good headphone query, however I nonetheless haven’t resolved it so I’m bringing it up. Wired? Wireless? Over the ear? In-ear? What about battery life potential? Are your earphones/headphones comfy for just a few hours of listening? This final one might be the one which I wrestle essentially the most with, however I’m a really fussy human.
Next up is listening on the proper pace for you. Different narrators learn at totally different speeds. Sometimes you’ll discover that the x1 pace is completely high quality. Sometimes you’ll want it at x1.5 and should you’re a pace listener you may want much more. I’ve discovered that every guide is barely totally different, however I not often pay attention on the baseline pace. I’m at all times aiming to seek out the pace that works for my very own studying tempo on the web page, which is vastly unscientific and extra of a sense than a provable idea. Enjoy deciding on totally different speeds til you discover the proper one. You do you.
Last tip: discover the proper style. I like nearly each sort of style. I learn new bizarre, sci-fi, romance, narrative nonfiction, you title it. But for some motive, they don’t all work for me on audio. I’ve discovered a selected love for exploration nonfiction — tales about Everest, the voyage of the Erebus and Terror, the lifetime of Roald Amundsen. The sense of journey in these books retains me tremendous engaged within the audio medium, so I at all times know I’ll like them. I additionally love the present pattern for Greek fantasy retellings on audio, the tales of The Iliad and The Odyssey getting me by way of many boring gymnasium periods. It would possibly take some time to seek out your favorite genres for audio, however don’t be stunned in the event that they’re way more particular than your traditional style!
Best Places to Find Audiobooks
Last up, the place do we discover this audio magic? Audiobook providers do their enterprise largely by way of their very own web sites, and subject an app to be used as an audio participant. Here are among the large ones to strive.
- Audible: Arguably the best-known audiobook subscription, Audible is a part of Amazon. You can use the service to purchase as soon as off books or you should purchase right into a subscription mannequin (beginning at $7.95 p/month) and get credit for books every month. They typically do gross sales and function a 30 Day Free Trial to get you began. Check out this information to study extra about how Audible works.
- LibroFM: Only obtainable within the U.S. and Canada, LibroFM is an audiobook service which helps indie bookshops. You can select your native bookstore and help them together with your buying. They provide a credit-based membership mannequin like Audible ($14.99 p/m plus 30% off books exterior your credit). You can use a code on the web site to get 2 free audiobook credit to get your began. Learn more about Libro.fm right here.
- Scribd: Scribd presents a month-to-month subscription which covers ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and even comedian books. You can obtain what you need (inside motive) over the month of your subscription. $11.99 p/m offers a very broad vary of issues to take heed to, learn, and discover.
- LibriVox: This one is a volunteer run venture, recording books within the public area. If you want your classics, it’s an awesome place to get by way of your studying record. It’s totally free, so it’s a great place to get a way of whether or not you want audiobooks or not. You can obtain the audio recordsdata as a result of they’re DRM free — however keep in mind, these productions aren’t skilled.
- Hoopla: If you could have a library card from a collaborating library, Hoopla is the app you’ll use to obtain free audiobooks by way of the Hoopla app. It’s price exploring your native library choices if you need one which provides you with audiobooks as a result of Hoopla is a superb service, and alternatives embrace bestsellers. U.S. availability solely.
- Libby: Another library choice, Libby is free so long as you could have a sound library card out of your native library — and is on the market in nearly 80 nations worldwide. Libby presents all the things from the classics to the bestseller lists and embrace audiobooks and ebooks.
Hopefully this information will get you on the highway to audio exploration and helps you’re taking the primary steps to trying out among the completely magical audiobooks on the market. If you need some suggestions, take a look at the Best Audiobooks 2022 has to offer (so far!) | <urn:uuid:46830c23-4fdd-4ee0-8c26-9f48f83f6e7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://flashnews11.com/entertainment/books/how-to-listen-to-audiobooks-from-first-read-to-services-book-riot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944923 | 1,957 | 1.617188 | 2 |
On Monday, January 9, 2012, Governor Chris Christie signed into the law the New Jersey Trade Secrets Act (NJTSA, http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2010/Bills/S2500/2456_R1.HTM), the Garden State’s version of the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA). New Jersey, thus, becomes the forty-seventh state to adopt some form of UTSA. While the New Jersey Act will promote some level of uniformity in the approach to trade secrets issues, New Jersey specific changes to the uniform act promise that this statute will build upon, rather than depart from, New Jersey’s common law tradition of protection of trade secrets and other valuable business information.
Some New Jersey specific points in the legislation:
• The definition of “trade secret” under NJTSA is broader than under UTSA, as NJTSA incorporates the broader protections of New Jersey common law principles;
• NJTSA supplements, rather than displaces, New Jersey common law, as the statute states that the rights, remedies, and prohibitions under NJTSA “are in addition to and cumulative of any other rights, remedies, or prohibitions provided under common law or statutory law of this State”;
• NJTSA prohibits acquisitions of the trade secrets of another by “improper means,” and contains definitions of that term and “proper means” not found in UTSA;
• NJTSA makes mere or threatened acquisition by improper means of another’s trade secret actionable, and enjoinable, even if there is no concomitant likelihood of disclosure to or use by third party.
These NJTSA-specific provisions combine with UTSA’s allowing for recovery of attorneys’ fees and punitive damages to provide the holders of trade secrets a powerful new tool in New Jersey. Those who helped frame, over a multi-year time period, the bill as adopted in New Jersey included its sponsors, employer groups, and the New Jersey Law Revision Commission and its legal advisors, including the author of this post. | <urn:uuid:aa742409-2cf8-4a98-97a1-7f2a1d3a383e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tradesecretsandemployeemobility.com/2012/01/articles/trade-secrets-and-confidential-information/new-jersey-adopts-statutory-trade-secret-protections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.91815 | 440 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Dubai, United Arab Emirates (CNN)– British artist Damien Hirst has announced that he will burn thousands of his paintings in a London gallery as part of his year-long NFT project titled “The Coin.”
Starting September 9, visitors to Hearst’s private museum, known as the Newport Street Gallery, will have the chance to view some of the 10,000 oil paintings the artist created in 2016, and then associate them with irreplaceable icons in 2021.
These works sold for $2,000 each.
Buyers were given the option to keep non-fungal tokens or trade them for physical art.
The works are scheduled to be destroyed daily during the exhibition period, which will culminate in a closing event in October, when the remaining paintings will be burned.
4,751 people exchanged NFT tokens for physical work, 5,249 buyers held their NFT tokens.
Hirst described the project as “the most exciting to date” and told The Art newspaper in March that it “touches on the storehouse of artistic currency and wealth”.
Also, “This project explores the boundaries of art and currency… When art becomes and becomes currency, currency becomes art… It’s no coincidence that governments use art on coins and banknotes. Help us believe in money… Without art, nothing. Hard to believe.”
Horst used the market as his broker for decades.
In 2007, he created an 18th-century platinum-cast human skull studded with 8,601 diamonds for the love of God.
As for the “Coin” project, the NFT market that handled the initial sale, Heaney, publishes a monthly report analyzing the buying and selling of non-fungible Hearst tokens on the secondary market, which has fallen sharply in value since the project began. With the fall of cryptocurrency.
The first report notes that there were 2,036 sales of “currency” totaling $47.9 million between July 30 and August 31, 2021.
Meanwhile, only 170 sales were made in June this year, netting a total of $1.4 million.
Remarketing a physical business will yield better results. In January, one of the original paintings sold at Phillips Auctions in London for £18,900, or $23,000.
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1 If I speak in the tongues of men or of angels, but do not have love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal. 2 If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing. 3 If I give all I possess to the poor and give over my body to hardship that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing.
4 Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. 5 It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. 6 Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. 7 It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.
8 Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away. 9 For we know in part and we prophesy in part, 10 but when completeness comes, what is in part disappears. 11 When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I put the ways of childhood behind me. 12 For now we see only a reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.
13 And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love.
To those sanctified in Christ Jesus and called to be his holy people (i.e., us):
We’ve heard it read a hundred times at weddings, which causes us (at least me) to associate this text with the warm, fuzzy, sentimental feelings that always ooze out of weddings. Said another way, this text—clearly one of the hardest texts in all of Scripture—comes off as soft and fluffy because of the context in which we have most often heard it.
Love, in the cultural, romance novel, bachelorette context is something completely different than love as defined in the bible. It’s fascinating to consider how the word “love” has become associated with the word “passion,” particularly as relates to the way love gets commonly portrayed in the world (i.e. a passionate love affair). Passion becomes primarily associated with sexual expression. Here’s the irony. The first definition for passion in many dictionaries is preceded by the word “archaic meaning” and followed by the word, “suffering.” Passion means suffering. Passion actually means suffering love. Why else do we describe the crucifixion as the “Passion of Christ?”
Love is not soft. Love is the most difficult thing in the world. Consider that the chapter uses the word “not” ten times, the word “always” four times, the word “no” once and the word “love” eight times. These are the terms of definitive absolutes.
1 Corinthians 13 must become for us, an absolute manifesto. Somehow we need to keep this text before us every day. This is not pie in the sky “HallMark” card idealism. 1 Corinthians 13 is profound realism. As an exercise of faith and bold self examination, I want to ask you to insert your name in every blank below. Read it aloud inserting your name in each blank.
____ is patient, love is kind. ____ does not envy, ____ does not boast, ____ is not proud. 5 ____ does not dishonor others, ____ is not self-seeking, ____ is not easily angered, ____ keeps no record of wrongs. 6 ____ does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. 7 ____ always protects, ____ always trusts, ____ always hopes, ____ always perseveres.
O.K., if you skipped the challenge exercise, go back and do it now! Say you name in every single blank and do it aloud.
“This is impossible!” you say. And you are right, if it is solely up to you and me to become these things. Here’s the big secret. Go back, now, and insert the word “Jesus” in all the blanks. If these things are true about Jesus, and we know they are, and Jesus is in you, what does that say about you?
I’m going to start doing this little exercise of inserting my name in the blanks and reading this text aloud every day. We have a way of following our words. I see it as akin to prophesying over ourselves with the very Word of God. Will you join me in this. Let’s just commit to the next seven days.
Why is this so urgently important? Because if we get everything else right and miss this we have missed everything, but if we miss everything else and get this, we still have everything. Paul said to the Galatians, “The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.” 5:6b
Our Father in Heaven, hallowed be your name. Your Kingdom come. Your will be done, on Earth as it is in Heaven. Thank you for challenging me with what is impossible for me. In this way, you lead me deeper into you, for whom nothing is impossible. You are my love Jesus. Come Holy Spirit and so fill me with the love of Jesus that in encountering me they encounter him. Train me in this way of supernatural love. In Jesus’ name. Amen.
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The primary function of the Research and Planning Analyst is part of a team led by a Senior Research and Planning Analyst. The primary function of the Analyst is to design and execute District institutional research and planning projects from data collection to reporting.
EXAMPLES OF DUTIES
- Identify appropriate District and/or external sources of data for each research project and retrieve the data in appropriate form using suitable tools. Maintain up-to-date knowledge of District and external data resources and research and statistical tools and techniques.
- Select, adapt, and apply appropriate quantitative and qualitative research design and statistical tools and techniques to all areas of study, which include but are not limited to matriculation, prerequisites, assessment, staffing patterns, program evaluation, program costs, curriculum, grant applications and evaluation, accreditation, student outcomes and follow-up, student and staff characteristics, planning data integrity, and state and federal and grant-related reporting requirements.
- Organize and present research-based information, analysis, and interpretation clearly and effectively in narrative, tabular, graphical, and oral modes. Produce data for periodic reports on District characteristics (e.g., the annual Observations databook).
- Carry out data collection, coding, and input functions using appropriate tools, such as scannable forms with mark-sense scanners and software, or manual data entry. Design and produce effective forms and surveys and conduct structured interviews.
- Maintain a research data warehouse system and an indexed archive of information and reports suitable for answering typical current questions and anticipating future ones.
- Conduct audits of District centralized data files; bring errors to the attention of appropriate offices on campus.
- In accord with established research priority guidelines and under the direction of the Senior Research and Planning Analyst, respond to research requests and report submission requirements of grant funded programs at the Institution.
- Provide technical and analytical support to offices, divisions, committees, faculty, staff, and administration in research and program evaluation-related activities.
- Represent the Office of Institutional Effectiveness on District committees and the college at professional conferences.
- At the request of a supervisor, perform a variety of unscheduled duties normally and traditionally performed by a Research Planning Analyst.
Education and Experience: Bachelor’s degree in a field involving social science or higher education or similar research, with coursework in tests and measurements, statistics, and/or research design/methods. Experience conducting research, analyzing data, and presenting findings.
Knowledge and Abilities: Demonstrated knowledge of current principles and procedures of social science or higher education research planning, design, methodology, and analysis; principles, theories, techniques, and methods of inferential and descriptive statistics; computerized information systems as they pertain to research; computer software such as statistical analysis, word processing, database management, spreadsheets, graphics, and telecommunications. Demonstrated ability to exercise critical judgment and creativity and to work independently; establish priorities for, plan, and organize a variety of work assignments; interpret accurately institutional policies and procedures; keep information secure and confidential; work cooperatively and effectively in an environment with diverse staff and students.
Strong written and oral communication skills and organizational skills.
- Experience with ARGOS reporting software or similar reporting software preferred.
- Working knowledge of Windows applications, including Microsoft Word, Access, Excel, and Publisher and SPSS, STATA and ARGOS.
- Graduate degree(s) reflecting coursework and/or methodology in research and evaluation as well as experience in conducting research project(s).
Seeing to inspect written documents, communicate with District staff, sitting for extended periods of time, bending, kneeling and reaching to retrieve and file records, and dexterity of hands and fingers to operate a keyboard and other office equipment.
PROBATION PERIOD: One year.
Pasadena City College
1570 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91106
(626) 585-7361 direct ⋅ (626) 525-7924 fax | <urn:uuid:aa558393-c510-4701-a4a5-b8126cc23de5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pasadena.edu/hr/employee-classification/cft-research-planning-analyst.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.891699 | 852 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Caring for Creation: Vision, Hope and Justice
I) The Church’s Vision of Creation
God, Earth, and All Creatures
Our Place in Creation
II) The Urgency
Sin and Captivity
The Current Crisis
III) The Hope
The Gift of Hope
Hope in Action
IV) The Call to Justice
Justice through Participation
Justice through Solidarity
Justice through Sufficiency
Justice through Sustainability
V) Commitments of this Church
As Individual Christians
As a Worshiping and Learning Community
As a Committed Community
As a Community of Moral Deliberation
As an Advocate
Claiming the Promise (Conclusion)
Resources and ways to take action can be found at http://www.elca.org/What-We-Believe/Social-Issues/Topics/The-Environment.aspx. The social statement can be found at www.elca.org/socialstatements
Caring for Creation at 20
ELCA social statements articulate a moral vision. As they address a particular social question, they serve goal-oriented and practical purposes within the life of the church. As teaching tools, they assist members in discernment and, as official documents, to guide the ELCA’s work of church in society. Yet, a statement’s broadest role remains setting forth a moral vision drawn from scripture’s intersection with contemporary life, one that inspires, challenges, and even goads us to action. This year’s 20th anniversary of the 1993 ELCA statement Caring for Creation: Vision, Hope and Justice provides a special opportunity to pull out that statement and become reacquainted with its sweeping moral vision. (www.elca.org/socialstatements )
This month, the first Journal of Lutheran Ethics article by Paul Santmire gives salutary attention to the statement as he explores American Lutheran engagement with ecological theology over the past 50 years. He describes the critical features of the statement’s vision, its theo-cosmocentric assumption and the description of the human being as embedded within the sweep of God’s activity in creation. That is, the statement asserts the biblical belief that the whole cosmos is the focus of God’s gracious activity and within that activity human beings emerge. Human beings are nature, through and through, and are given a role to serve and care for the rest of nature. That is, human beings should care about the rest of creation because that is our job–this is why God creates us. Ecological concern and efforts are matters of justice and deeply spiritual! Such a vision inspires, challenges, and even goads us toward a paradigm shift in our mindset, one that has not yet been broadly accepted as this society grapples with ecological crisis.
As a supplement to Santmire’s reflections and in order to identify other features of the statement’s vision that deserve renewed awareness on its 20th anniversary, this brief essay provides a sketch of the primary “moves” made in Caring for Creation. While important as an introduction to the statement, the most important message remains: take the time to read it for yourself! The statement is less than six pages long, quite readable, and presents an overarching vision that should challenge all readers to reflect in fresh ways about the environmental crisis and our special responsibility as human beings within God’s creation today.
The opening section, “The Church’s Vision of Creation,” begins with a pithy and radical announcement: “the despoiling of the environment [is] nothing less than the degradation of God’s gracious gift of creation.” This announcement is explained by reference to scripture and the affirmation of the Nicene Creed that the Triune God, not just God the Father, is fully involved in creating. It reminds us that Jesus Christ is the one “through whom all things were made” and that Christians confess that “the Holy Spirit is the Lord, the giver of life.” The creation is God’s business and the whole creation was and is good, even before humankind is on the scene. The earth’s despoiling is sin against God.
To despoil the globe is not only contrary to God’s work of creating but it also is contrary to the human assignment! What makes humans special is not their technology or their ingenuity or their reason but their God-given task, a shared one, to care for the earth. We are to use gifts like reason and technology toward the same task God is about, caring for the earth and this is what it means to be made in the image of God. Contrary to the operative assumption throughout most of the modern period and contrary to present day assumptions, human “dominion” in Genesis 1:26 does not mean human beings have a special opportunity to use or exploit the earth for ourselves as lords over it. Human dominion, biblically, means instead that we have a special responsibility to serve and keep the earth for the good of all–the way God keeps and cares as a servant king (Phil 2:7). Moreover, humans are to order our efforts according to God’s wisdom in creation, something that science and technology can help us discover.
The next section of the statement, “The Urgency,” describes the fundamental problem undergirding current environmental crisis: “Our sin and captivity lie at the roots of the current crisis.” Human captivity to sin leads to and is expressed by exploitation of the earth as if it is “a boundless warehouse.” Two problems in particular jeopardize a sustainable future for all of nature:
- Excessive human consumption; and
- Relentless growth of the human population–a problem that springs from and is intensified by social injustice in the form of poor education, lack of employment, poor health care, and equal rights.
The statement’s subsequent list of specific environmental problems is somewhat dated but chillingly contemporary for a 20 year old list. It includes depletion of natural resources; loss of bio-diversity through rapid destruction of habitats; erosion through unsustainable practices; and the extensive pollution of air, water and land. “Even more widespread and serious, according to the preponderance of evidence from scientists worldwide, are the depletion of the protective ozone layer, resulting from the use of volatile compounds containing chlorine and bromine; and dangerous global warming, caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide.”
The environmental problem is worsened because each kind of environmental degradation feeds on others, magnifying them into a crisis threatening the whole earth. This section concludes by warning that the time for changing course “is very short.” While called urgent in 1993, the sense of the statement suggests the problems should be called emergencies today, as contemporary scientific reports on climate change remind us.
Many people often and all of us sometimes find such dire predictions and problems so overwhelming that we feel immobilized. The next section of the statement responds by reminding us that by the cross and resurrection of Jesus Christ, God frees us from our sin and captivity, and empowers us to be loving servants to creation. We are not in this problem alone and God’s work in Christ comes with the gift of hope and, by that gift, we are called and empowered to act. Even when the prospects for improvement look bleak, God’s promise means we no longer are captives of demonic powers or unjust institutions or immobilization. Rather Christians have become captives of hope (Zechariah 9:11-12). The statement notes that examples from the Lutheran heritage and scripture offer many glimpses of hope triumphant over despair and thereby goads us to action. The nature of our action is to be directed by justice.
By justice? Here again the statement challenges prevalent ideas that somehow justice is a human matter due only to other human beings. The statement’s sections on justice insist that humans owe justice to other creatures, plants and the earth itself. Nature has moral standing! This insistence follows from the theo-cosmocentric vision expressed above. These sections do not neglect justice due other human beings, especially those whose lives are highly impacted by environmental degradation. But the environment itself, like other people, is to be a recipient of our faith active in love seeking justice.
The lengthy section entitled “The Call to Justice” identifies four principles that can direct action in the face of the intricate complexities of the created order and the social order embedded within creation
- Participation — God’s covenant with all living things (Genesis 9:12-17, Hosea 2:18) means that animals and the land are entitled to have their just interests considered when decisions are made regarding the use of resources. Human beings should be advocates for non-human creation.
- Solidarity — the fact that God is the Creator of all leads us to acknowledge our interdependence with all other creatures. In so doing we are to act in solidarity both locally and globally on behalf of all creation, especially for those members that are at greatest risk, human and non-human.
- Sufficiency — God’s Spirit is actively creating every moment and so we know there is enough to meet the needs of all creatures. Because the world is finite, though, this has implications for limits upon human acquisition and consumption.
- Sustainability — God intends for creation to last a long, long time. Therefore, until the day of Jesus Christ humankind must strive toward an acceptable quality of life for present generations without compromising that of future generations.
Guided by these four principles, the final section “Commitments of This Church” rededicates the ELCA to live into the challenges and to act in ways that genuinely impact personal habits and social structures.
- It calls for commitment by members to personal life styles that help heal the environment.
- It encourages creation emphases in the church year and the development of liturgical, preaching and education materials that celebrate God’s creation.
- It calls for congregations to have an environmental audit and to incorporate principles of sufficiency and sustainability in their building, budgeting and investment.
On practical questions such as nuclear and toxic waste, farming practices or population growth,
- It invites the interaction of differing convictions and experiences.
- It calls upon the ELCA to play a role in bringing together parties in the conflicts over these issues, both within the church and outside.
In public debates,
- It invites all people to direct our advocacy with government, private entities, and internationally (advocacy is speaking out for the earth and for others) according to the principles of participation, solidarity, sufficiency, and sustainability,
- It commits the ELCA to dialogue with corporations on promoting justice for creation and to seek public policies that allow people to participate fully in decisions affecting their own health and livelihood.
Caring for Creation: Vision, Hope, and Justice relies upon a biblical vision of the promise of wholeness for creation while asserting the big, huge!, vision missed by many people today, that God is at work throughout the entire cosmos and humans are to be caretakers above all. The statement urges a Christian recommitment to the principles of justice–participation, solidarity, sufficiency, and sustainability — as we serve in creation, and are inspired with a hope grounded in God’s faithfulness. It leaves no question, God is at work seeking wholeness and justice for the creation and God calls us to be hands in that work. On the 20th anniversary this theo-cosmocentric moral vision needs to be embraced and lifted up more urgently than even in 1993 by all who are “captives of hope, and vehicles of God’s promise.”
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Caring for Creation: Vision, Hope, and Justice (Chicago: ELCA, 1993), 8.
Ibid., 2.
Ibid., 2.
Ibid., 2.
Ibid., 3.
Ibid., 3.
Ibid., 4.
Ibid., 4.
Ibid., 5.
Ibid., 5.
Ibid., 6, 7.
Ibid., 10.
Ibid., 10.
Ibid., 12. | <urn:uuid:c4cd849b-d433-406b-a066-964c27b22b03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://learn.elca.org/jle/caring-for-creation-at-20/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931809 | 2,665 | 2.140625 | 2 |
It’s all kicking off on the trains Down Under. The start of 2018 has featured mass cancellations as people returned to work, a driver’s strike which the state Fair Work Commission dramatically banned at the last minute, and – as if the metaphorical train wreck weren’t enough – a literal, thankfully non-fatal train crash.
The mess actually started in November 2017. That was when Transport for New South Wales, the government agency responsible for trains in and around Sydney, made a timetable change that was intended to boost capacity, but instead led to months of low-level disruption. Things have only got worse since. So what’s going on in the Harbour City, and whose fault is it?
Let’s start off with the most dramatic incident. On 22 January, a Waratah commuter train hit the buffers at the Richmond terminus in the city’s north-western outskirts. The crash involved dozens of minor injuries, with seven people kept overnight in hospital.
In an interview a few days beforehand, veteran train driver Van Cramer (not involved in the incident) sounded warnings about the new timetable: “They’re giving us very tight margins,” Mr Cramer warned. “It leads to errors like going past signals, overshooting platforms.” His words were prescient: this looks likely to have been the cause of the accident.
Don’t safeguards exist to prevent trains crashing into buffers? Sort of. The UK’s TPWS (train protection & warning) system prevents incidents like this, as do many other ATP (automatic train protection) systems worldwide. Such systems been mooted in Sydney since 2003, when a train overturned killing seven people in an incident which ATP would have prevented. But successive NSW governments have been reluctant to meet the cost of installation, and so nothing has been done so far.
That’s the crash. But why is the timetable making drivers like Mr Cramer worried?
The Sydney rail network. Image: TfNSW.
The timetable recast maximises the use of trains and of rail paths in and around Sydney. Previously, there was heaps of empty space to space trains out, because it took until the mid-2000s for train passenger numbers to get back up to their 1950s peak. But soaring commuter numbers have made a change necessary to deal with overcrowding. The new timetable uses the tracks and trains more efficiently, bringing some mothballed spare carriages back into use.
The only problem? It hasn’t been matched with a rise in the number of train drivers or guards. Instead the system is running entirely on overtime – which, in the context of railway rosters, means doing a full-length extra shift on what would otherwise be your day off.
Railways have always run on overtime: train crew are hard to find and train, and many of them are keen on more pay, so it can be good for staff and management alike. But it’s entirely reliant on goodwill: if you’re feeling underpaid and disrespected, you’re much less inclined to give up your day off. And if things get rough then you can be reliant on a small proportion of crew who are willing to work all the way up to the absolute legal maximum hours.
Unfortunately, Goodwill is in short supply in Sydney right now. The agreement between the RTBU union, who represent all train crew, and TfNSW, their employer, is up for negotiation. The union is seeking a 6 per cent annual pay rise over the next four years, but the NSW government has announced a 2.5 per cent cap on public sector wage increases. And the Liberal (centre-right anti-union, in an Australian context) transport minister, Andrew Constance, has refused to allow TfNSW to make any concessions to the railways, instead delivering blustering speeches about greedy unions.
The union aren’t being unreasonable: their proposed pay rise would just gradually bring Sydney salaries In line with those paid to rail staff elsewhere. My research suggests that a qualified driver in Sydney takes home about A$75,000 per year for regular shifts, compared with A$95,000 in Melbourne or Brisbane. A UK driver gets about £50,000 (A$88,000).
Train crew voted to hold a one-day strike on 29 January, and for an ongoing overtime ban. Sydney Trains had to shift to a weekend timetable on Thursday 25 January, the first day of the overtime ban, and all trains were cancelled for the 29. The dramatic overturning of both the strike and the overtime ban by the Fair Work Commission on Thursday has left everything in the air.
The RTBU says that it won’t break the law, and rostered drivers will work on Monday. But although the formal overtime ban has been cancelled, nobody involved can prevent individual train crew simply turning down the offer to work overtime until the dispute is resolved. If my discussions with railway staff following the ruling are anything to go by, a surge in offers looks rather unlikely.
So what happens next? If it were up to TfNSW, settling with train crew would be less costly than the disruption of a prolonged industrial dispute. But – as in the UK’s Southern Rail dispute – the rail managers aren’t in charge, the politicians are, and they want to send a broader message to unions and voters.
Howard Collins, CEO of TfNSW’s Sydney Trains unit, says that 160 trainee drivers will start work soon, taking a bit of the pressure off overtime numbers. There are also plans to transfer existing rail lines in Northern and Western Sydney to the new, automated Sydney Metro network over coming years, which will eventually reduce staffing pressures as drivers are transferred to other lines.
But with the first of these closures for conversion not due until late 2018, and the second not until 2022, it’s hard to see the misery for train crew and commuters ending any time soon. Well, unless the outcry from commuters over their misery, not to mention the dangers created by an atmosphere of cost-cutting, makes the Transport Minister’s position untenable, that is. | <urn:uuid:78099564-3014-48b0-994a-550d8d429294> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://citymonitor.ai/transport/trains-sydney-are-collapsing-chaos-while-government-yells-about-union-menace-3632 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.95978 | 1,285 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Yellow Faced English Budgies | Violet English Budgies
Yellow Faced English Budgies, Violet English Budgies, and Violet Multi-colored English Budgies are in HIGH Demand, so we have created a separate category for them. Please know that most of our English Budgies have an approximate 6-8 week wait list time, however, our Yellow Faced and Violet variety babies may take 3-5 months. We have allowed this particular color line to have a backorder option. If you are wanting a baby right now, please do not place a deposit prior to speaking to us. All English Budgies are handtamed.
The babies shown in the gallery are a variety of our babies from different parents.
Budgerigar aka English Budgies
The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) aka common pet parakeet, shell parakeet, and informally nicknamed the Budgie, is a small, long-tailed, seed-eating parrot. Our hand tamed english budgies for sale make stunning pets birds. Budgerigar Parakeets, are the only species in the Australian genus Melopsittacus, and are found wild throughout the drier parts of Australia where the species has survived harsh inland conditions for the last five million years. English Budgies are naturally green and yellow with black, scalloped markings on the nape, back, and wings, but have been bred in captivity with coloring in blues, whites, yellows, greys, and even with small crests. Budgies are popular pets around the world due to their small size, low cost, and ability to mimic human speech. The origin of the Budgerigar’s name is unclear. The species was first recorded in 1805, and today is the third most popular pet in the world, after the domesticated dog and cat. English budgies are one of the parakeet species, a non-taxonomical term that refers to any of a number of small parrots with long, flat and tapered tails. In both captivity and the wild, budgerigars breed opportunistically and in pairs.
Coloring can vary from images posted, as they can range from a very soft color to more vivid coloring. Violet budgies are my favorite color although I love all kind of budgies.
Budgie Song / Call:
Click here for the Budgerigar’s Song
Budgie Size: 5″-6″
Sexing Budgie: Monomorphic (visually difficult to sex). DNA testing is available to ensure desired gender.
Life Span of English Budgie: 10-15 Years
Temperament of pet budgie: Budgies are very easy to tame if acquired at a young age. They are very playful and active, and quieter than most other parrots. After the domesticated dog and cat, these sweet parakeets are the third most popular pet in the world, even available to mimic human speech.
Breeding: Budgie breeding is a relatively easy process but requires experience gained overtime.
Diet: Parakeet Seed, Australian Blend Golden feast. Budgies also love millets.
Available on backorder | <urn:uuid:bad6931e-2183-4660-9fb2-ae4fb84ff960> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://birdandbeyond.com/product/yellow-faced-english-budgies-violet-english-budgies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.917274 | 695 | 2.078125 | 2 |
- Robert Preidt
- Posted October 15, 2019
Chlamydia Can Harm Male Fertility
Undiagnosed chlamydia infection can harm male fertility, a new study suggests.
"Chlamydia infection has been associated with women's infertility but much less is known about its impact on male infertility, particularly if men do not experience symptoms, which is estimated to be in about 50% of cases," said study leader Ken Beagley, a professor of immunology at Queensland University of Technology in Australia.
"When people have no symptoms, they can unknowingly pass on the infection to sexual partners," Beagley added in a university news release .
The Australian research is the first to find the sexually transmitted disease in testicular tissue biopsies of infertile men with no identified cause for their infertility.
Chlamydia was found in fixed testicular biopsies from 43 of 95 men (45.3%) who had no defined cause of infertility.
Chlamydia was also found in 16.7% of fresh testicular biopsies (3 of 18 men) with no identified cause of infertility. Twelve of those 18 (66.7%) had chlamydia-specific antibodies, indicating they'd been exposed to the bacteria, but none had symptoms of chlamydia or said they'd been diagnosed with any STI.
"This is the first reported evidence of chlamydia infection in human testicular tissue, and while it can't be said that chlamydia was the cause of the infertility of the men, it is a significant finding," Beagley said.
"It reveals a high rate of previously unrecognized chlamydia infection and the potential role of infection in the failure of sperm to develop in the testes," Beagley explained.
"Animal studies by our group support these human findings. Those studies show that chlamydia infection in male mice establishes a chronic infection in the testes that significantly impairs normal sperm development," he said.
"We believe future studies with male patients should look at how chlamydia infection might cause
damage to the male reproductive system and contribute to infertility," Beagley concluded.
The study was published recently in the journal Human Reproduction.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on chlamydia.
SOURCE: Queensland University of Technology, news release, Oct. 9, 2019 | <urn:uuid:c3217979-a032-44a4-bb6e-244e72ba3153> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://durenrx.com/jv-mangubat-drive/patient-resources/article/751154/chlamydia-can-harm-male-fertility | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965656 | 495 | 2.640625 | 3 |
PureInsight | June 17, 2021
[Pureinsight.org] In order to stop the CCP’s live organ harvesting, the Taiwan International Organ Transplant Care Association, the Korean Organ Transplant Ethics Association, and the Japanese SMG Network Transplant Tourism Association jointly organized an international poster contest, which was exhibited from January 17th to 19th at the award-winning works at Bai Space, Beitou, Taipei. Stan, a well-known Polish Internet celebrity, said, “Through the poster contest, more people will be aware of the illegal behavior of the CCP.”
Contestants from 70 countries participated in this competition, which means that many people are concerned about China’s human rights issues and the CCP’s totally inhumane behavior of organ harvesting. Stan also said, “Everyone knows that the Chinese Communist Party is a criminal organization”. He hopes that through the poster contest, more people will be aware of the illegal behavior of the CCP.
Young Doctors Watch the Poster to Understand the CCP’s Evil Deeds
A young doctor who visited the poster exhibition said that he had seen a report before: A child did not know that his cornea had been stolen, and he kept asking why it was always dark. The child kept wondering, "How could this happen? Is it true?" The doctor said that the exhibition was held during his vacation and the exhibition venue was not far away, so he decided to come and find out.
A Falun Gong practitioner who was working at the exhibition as a guide told the doctor that the CCP treats living human organ harvesting as a business. The organs are sold at high prices. CCP sells their conscience for profits. The child’s cornea just disappeared like this. After listening, the doctor fell into deep thought.
The practitioner also told him that the CCP kills people as needed. The CCP has a large organ supply bank. Many detained Falun Gong practitioners are matched by blood tests and can lose their lives at any time. After the organs are removed, they will be incinerated if they are still alive to destroy the evidence.
After watching the poster exhibition, the doctor said that he had seen a mother and a fetus in the Human Body Exhibition that came to Taiwan before. At that time, he kept mumbling, who would agree to be made into such a specimen for the exhibition? Now he finally understands that these are the evil deeds of the CCP.
Before leaving, the doctor took some flyers exposing the CCP’s live organ harvesting, saying that he would go back and tell his friends the truth that he learned today.
Taiwan Supervisory Commissioner: CCP’s Live Harvesting Is Crueler than Hitler’s Slaughter of Jews
Taiwan Supervisory Commissioner Tian Qiujin said that the CCP’s live organ harvesting is more terrifying and crueler than Hitler’s massacre of Jews in the concentration camps.
Tian Qiujin pointed out that in Taiwan, the law stipulates that the source of organs must be clear, and the registration system requires a long wait. Why can organ transplant tourism in China be organized as a group? Whether you want to transplant a heart, liver, kidney, or lung, can it be ordered by you in one or two weeks? Does that mean that there is a living, very large organ bank there?
Tian Qiujin finally expressed that he wants more people to be aware of the CCP’s crime of organ harvesting.
Participants: Participating in the Competition Is to Stop the CCP from Harvesting Organs Live
The gold medal-winning Iranian graphic designer Bahram Gharavi said, “I saw this page of the international poster selection on the Internet a few months ago. The theme of the selection is unique and shocking. I have never heard of organ harvesting of the Chinese prisoner of conscience, and I cannot believe it. Unfortunately, live harvesting is dominated by the CCP, which is beyond the scope of individuals or small groups.”
Taiwanese illustrator Mo Qilin also participated in this poster contest. He said that he participated in this poster design competition because: “Justice and conscience are the most important values of mankind in our life. I am honored to stand today. Coming out is to stop live harvesting, and hope that the Chinese Communist regime will quickly collapse.”
People from all Walks of Life Praise the Method of Using Artistic Creation to Expose the CCP's Brutality
Legislator Huang Guochang stated that he heard about the CCP’s live organ harvesting ten years ago. “To be honest, I was very, very shocked when I heard it. Because this completely obliterates humanity, not to mention also violating many international human rights protections. Unexpectedly, the evil deeds continue to exist in the 21st century.”
He believes that all those involved in this heinous act should be exposed. He firmly believes: "Justice will win. I believe that more and more people will bravely stand up."
Lee Seung-won, president of the Korean Organ Transplant Ethics Association, said, "In the more than 1,000 works of this competition, regardless of whether they are awarded or not, every participant sincerely stands on the side of justice.“
Taiwan-based Progressive Party Chairman Chen Yi Qi encouraged poster design creator, “The poster design helps more people in the world to know the evil government of the CCP.
"When talking about evil, many people say that evil cannot overcome righteousness. We have always agreed that evil cannot overcome righteousness, but evil will not collapse on its own." Taiwanese documentary film director Li Huiren, who was awarded the Golden Bell Award has been concerned about the anti-media monopoly movement said, “In Nazi Germany in 1933, many people thought that the Nazis would not persecute human rights. It was later discovered that Hitler was persecuting the Jews.”
Li Huiren said, “When we saw people living in Tibet being slaughtered by the Communist Party, Falun Gong practitioners were harvested for their organs while alive, and Xinjiang people were detained in concentration camps, many people thought that this should not happen to me. If we continue to ignore it, this evil behavior will continue to spread. If we do not face it, it will come to us one day.
Li Huiren stated that as a designer, “Your keen thoughts and expressions are the arrow of justice which is able to pass through the CCP's dark and foggy firewall.”
The Stealing of Human Organs is the Greatest Crime against Humanity
Hubert Körper, a spokesperson for the China Working Committee of the German International Society for Human Rights (IGFM), affirmed the significance of this event. He stated in a statement that the theft of living human organs is one of the greatest crimes against humanity.
Körper said that according to reliable research reports, there are 60,000 to 100,000 organ transplant operations in China each year. According to experts, most of the organs come from murdered political prisoners, especially Falun Gong practitioners, as well as Uyghurs, Tibetans and house church Christians. Canadian human rights lawyer David Matas thinks this is a new form of evil.
Körper also said that the London court unanimously found in its final report in June 2019 that China had committed organ harvesting, had prisoners of conscience for a long time, and the number of victims was very large. The International Institute of Human Rights believes that political prisoners continue to be mass murdered by the CCP . The experts have a lot of evidence, enough to convict the CCP regime of genocide and crimes against humanity.
Professor Li Huige, who works at the University Hospital of Johannes Gutenberg-Mainz in Germany, also said that since 2000, China has also harvested organs from innocent people and political prisoners for transplantation. Unfortunately, this crime continues to this day. This crime has been going on for too long. It is not that our world has tolerated this crime for so long, but that the world knows too little about this crime. In order to stop this crime, more people need to know these facts.
German Parliamentarians Appeal for an End to the CCP’s Illegal Live Organ Harvesting
Sebastian Brehm, a German parliamentarian, said that forced organ harvesting was a shocking and inhumane killing in China. This is absolutely unacceptable.
In the illegal organ trade, the victims in China are mainly Falun Gong practitioners. Since July 1999, millions of Falun Gong practitioners have been arbitrarily arrested and imprisoned. Many people were tortured and even killed. It is said that there are more than 1,000 hospitals in China that specialize in this kind of operation, and the time for patients to wait for an organ transplant is only a few days, at most a few weeks, while in other places they usually have to wait several years.
Brehm said that in this world, no one has the right to take the life of one person to give to another person. The right to life is a universal value and must be protected.
Brehm appealed to the Chinese government to respect international norms and signed UN international conventions on civil and political rights, immediately stop the persecution of Falun Gong in China, release all detained Falun Gong practitioners and other prisoners of conscience, and stop organ theft.
Taiwanese Artists in Germany: I Hope more Artists will Participate in Stopping the CCP’s Atrocities
Pocia Wang-Becker, a Taiwanese artist based in Tianhua Painting and Calligraphy Studio, said that the CCP’s organ theft is a bloody business. He is very happy that so many artist friends have exposed this evil through art, which has aroused the attention all over the world. He hopes that more artists with a sense of justice will join in the future. “Together to stop this most serious crime.”
Chinese version: http://www.zhengjian.org/node/265023 | <urn:uuid:ae839b7f-3665-42bf-acd8-cf18e1efd1c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.pureinsight.org/node/7616 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970237 | 2,067 | 1.59375 | 2 |
It goes without saying that cats cannot be trained to not go somewhere – not even your own pet cats will be taught as well as a dog. But, how then, can you keep your pet cats away from places that are of potential danger to them – such as stoves, harmful plants, or fragile showpieces?
And, while your pet may somehow manage to listen to you and not go somewhere, how can you keep neighborhood cats from entering your backyard, lawn, or verandah?
While their absolute stubbornness makes it difficult to keep cats away from any place, their strong noses with an ability to catch even faint smells can come in handy to us.
You can use different scents of different substances such as black pepper, cayenne pepper, bleach, and even vinegar to do so.
Every substance has its own pros and cons. In this article, we will take a look at how you can use vinegar to make a DIY cat deterrent.
Is Vinegar A Good Cat Repellant?
We don’t need a cat’s sense of smell in order to recognize vinegar from its pungent smell. Even we humans cannot stand the smell of vinegar when it gets too pungent. Imagine the plight of cats – after all, they have 200 million odor sensors in their noses, while we humans have just 5 million!
That’s right, a cat’s sense of smell is over 14 times stronger than that of a human! This makes the smell of vinegar, even in very small amounts, too detectable for cats.
Now, if you have owned cats for a while, you will be aware of how picky cats can be about the odors they tolerate. Cats hate strong aromas and pungent, sour, and acidic smells.
Keeping that in mind, vinegar checks all boxes of being hated by cats – it is pungent, it has a sour and acidic smell, and the smell remains strongly detectable even when the liquid dries off from the surface.
All in all, yes, vinegar makes for a very good cat repellent.
Do Cats Really Hate The Smell Of Vinegar?
Yes, cats absolutely hate the smell of vinegar. In fact, while many pet owners use vinegar to clean the litter boxes of their furry babies, it is recommended that they dry the litter box in the sun for enough hours to ensure that the cats don’t stop using the litter box because of the smell of vinegar.
While there are no associated toxicity or health problems with cat smelling vinegar, it is just too strong and pungent for a cat’s liking. Since they hate the smell of vinegar, they naturally avoid places that may have vinegar applied to surfaces.
Check out more details about Do Moth Balls Keep Cats Away?
How To Make A DIY Vinegar Cat Repellant?
It is much easier to make a DIY vinegar cat deterrent than you’d imagine. Firstly, let’s look at all the things you will need to make the repellent.
Equipment and Materials Needed for DIY Vinegar Cat Repellent
- Gloves and a face mask (optional)
- An empty bottle with a spray nozzle
- A sponge
- Tap water
Step 1 – Gear Up
Gather all the equipment and materials that you will need. While this is not compulsory, it is recommended that you also wear gloves and a face mask – vinegar is acidic and its smell can be irritating.
Moreover, if you happen to have any tiny scratches on your hand, any accidental spillage of vinegar on your hand might cause the scratches to burn.
Step 2 – Mix The Vinegar Solution
Take an empty bottle that has a spray nozzle. Add vinegar and tap water to form a mixture.
Now here’s where you will need a little experimentation to figure out what ratio works out best for you-
You can either have equal parts water and vinegar; or, you can opt for a more diluted solution with, say, 2 parts water and 1 part vinegar; or, you can even go for a slightly stronger solution with, say, 2 parts vinegar and 1 part water.
The ratio you choose will totally be dependent on your preferences and situations.
If, say, you have a whole gang of neighborhood cats that come all at once, or if you have a determined, stubborn cat who won’t stop coming even after using dilute vinegar repellent, you may want to opt for a stronger solution.
Step 3 – Soak A Sponge In Vinegar And Keep It Near Your Plants
Now, this step is especially for those whose plants may get affected by spraying vinegar solution directly on them.
In such a case, you simply need to soak up a sponge in the vinegar solution you made in step 2. Then, simply keep the sponge in the spot where the cats keep coming frequently.
Step 4 – Clean Up Your Counter After Making The Spray
This step is specifically for those who are troubled by neighboring cats but themselves have cats at home. You want to deter the neighboring cats from entering your house and lawns, not your own.
So, wherever you make the DIY vinegar repellent, make sure you clean up well. Otherwise, your cat may get repelled by that smell too.
Also, check out Does Bleach Keep Cats Away?
Does Vinegar Prevent Cats From Urination And Spraying?
Yes, vinegar does prevent cats from urination and spraying. Now, there isn’t any exact or direct relation between the smell of vinegar and the tendency of a cat to spray or urinate.
But, since vinegar keeps cats from coming into the spot in the first place, it automatically also solves the problem of neighboring cats urinating and spraying in your lawns, gardens, or backyard.
If it is your cat that is troubling you with urination and spraying around the house, you may want to use the DIY vinegar cat repellent inside as well.
You might also like to read about Does Black Pepper Keep Cats Away?
Is Vinegar Harmful For Cats?
No, vinegar is not harmful or toxic for cats. In fact, the only problem that cats have with vinegar is its smell. It does not harm the health of cats in any way – just ensure that your cat does not ingest the vinegar liquid directly in large amounts as it is acidic.
Vinegar is safe to use not only as a cat deterrent but even as a cleaner for your household surfaces and your cat’s litter box.
Vinegar is actually one of the mildest and most cruelty-free methods of making a cat repellent to keep neighboring cats. It is much safer and much more effective than other ingredients such as black pepper, cayenne pepper, or bleach.
These other ingredients can actually cause harm to the health of cats. Vinegar, in comparison, is a safer, cheaper, and pretty effective ingredient for making your DIY cat repellent at home.
Also, check out Does Ammonia Keep Cats Away?
Alternatives To Vinegar For Cat Repellants
While vinegar is one of the most cruelty-free, easily available ingredients for making a safe and effective cat repellent at home, there are many reasons why you may not want to use vinegar.
You may not have it available in your house or nearby stores, or your plants may be too sensitive to the acidity of the vinegar, or, simply, you may not like the smell of vinegar yourself.
Whatever your reason may be to not use vinegar, don’t fret. Here are some alternatives that look into for making your very own DIY cat repellent at home:
1 – Citronella Spray
It is made from extracts of grass, but it smells like lemons. It is well established that cats do not like the smell of citrus fruits. So, you simply need to spray some citronella at the spots where you don’t want the cats to come.
The best part about this spray is that its aroma stays even after it rains, and it makes your lawn smell refreshing and nice.
2 – Coffee Grounds
This is another natural, cruelty-free way of keeping cats away from your backyard. Simply take some wet coffee grounds and make a border around your backyard or lawn.
The smell of coffee grounds will keep the neighboring feline intruders away from your land, and what’s more, the coffee grounds will eventually decompose and nourish your soil.
More details: Do Coffee Grounds Keep Cats Away?
3 – Garlic
Now, this isn’t exactly a pleasant alternative. But desperate times may call for desperate measures. Garlic has a very strong and pungent smell, so naturally, it will keep the neighboring feline intruders from entering your backyard or lawn.
But this particular repellent may cause your backyard to stink, especially if it rains. So, exercise caution and use this one at your own discretion.
4 – Motion-Activated Sprinklers
Cats hate water. You may know this if you have a cat that you’ve tried to give a bath. Cats really aren’t a fan of having water touch their body – especially not the feral felines that roam the streets and intrude on your backyard and lawns.
Using a motion-activated sprinkler will spray some water on the intruding cats and startle them. When this happens twice or thrice, the felines will start associating your backyard with water and not approach it.
Note that you should keep the intensity of the jet spray low. You only need enough intensity to startle the cats – in any case, the jet spray should not harm the cats in any manner.
Also, check out Will Cayenne Pepper Keep Cats Away?
Frequently Asked Questions
What can I spray on my porch to keep cats away?
There are a variety of scents that cats hate. You can make your own DIY cat repellent from any one of those scents, some of the most effective and safe ones being lemons, vinegar, citronella, lavender, etc.
What is the permanent solution to stop neighboring cats from entering my porch?
Get to the root of the problem. See if there are any open trash cans on your porch or street, and take care of the hygiene of the porch and street. Ensure there are no leftover cat food cans kept in the open, as that smell may lure other cats in.
Cats are a fun pet to have but can be a nuisance if they keep coming over to your porch or garden uninvited and wreak havoc.
While many people may be tempted to use any means possible to keep the neighboring intruding felines away, we must always keep in mind that our actions should not harm the cats’ health in any way.
They are, after all, just animals. We can’t expect them to know not to trespass.
The best way, thus, is to use mild, safe, and effective substances like vinegar to make cat repellents that deter cats without harming their health.
Interesting Read: Do Used Tea Bags Keep Cats Away? | <urn:uuid:4c1c814b-af55-459d-8686-a5f729000dbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://askmycats.com/does-vinegar-keep-cats-away/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925477 | 2,385 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Microsoft Flight Simulator has made its PC debut for some, bringing every kilometer of the planet into the virtual world, and primed for exploration. The latest entry concludes over a decade hiatus for the classic Microsoft-made series, embracing its modern cloud empire to deliver an unparalleled scale. But representing every country down the finest details isn't easy, requiring over a 150GB installation, without counting over two petabytes of world data ripe for streaming.
Microsoft's handling of the hefty installation size separates the initial game installation and in-game content, making that initial Flight Simulator executable just a few GB of the full experience. Newcomers opening the game for the first time will meet the "Content Manager," mandating users to download up to 100 GB through the client. That's not an issue — it's the expected with the full Microsoft Flight Simulator installation size — but not ideal when things go wrong.
Microsoft Flight Simulator download stuck or slow
The integrated "Content Manager" has emerged as a point of frustration for some early adopters, with reports of stuck and slow downloads when first starting the game. That leaves many unable to play the new Microsoft Flight Simulator as of launch day, with the game assets required to play.
The launch isn't entirely smooth for all, as expected with any new video game release in 2020. While many issues often subside with time, those looking to play as soon as possible may encounter hurdles over the days ahead. We've wrapped up some common fixes that may help your Flight Simulator download fly by in no time.
Restart Microsoft Flight Simulator
When encountering issues with downloads within Microsoft Flight Simulator, one common solution requires a restart of the title. Closing and re-opening the program may lose current download progress, but it can be a quick fix to alleviate hang-ups and get back on track.
Leave Microsoft Flight Simulator fullscreen
When downloading in-game content for Microsoft Flight Simulator, try spanning your game fullscreen, and leaving the PC to handle the full installation. The issue previously impacted our staff, sometimes resulting in crashes when left downloading new content in the background, minimized in the system tray. However, if progress isn't made within 10 minutes, we recommend pursuing further troubleshooting steps.
Fixing slow downloads
Microsoft has also outlined a networking issue that may occur, which results in slow downloads for some users. It posted a quick four-step solution to its official support portal, which appears to grant some users a workaround.
- Type Command in the Windows search bar. Look for Command Prompt.
- Select Run as administrator in the side-menu.
netsh int tcp set global autotuninglevel=normal
- Press Enter.
After completing the steps, restart Microsoft Flight Simulator and continue your download.
Change the installation path
Microsoft Flight Simulator's Content Manager also features the ability to choose where you install your game content. If you have a secondary hard drive, attempt to change the installation repository, Alternatively, create a new folder on your existing hard drive, and attempt a fresh installation in that location.
Is software in the way?
While it's best practice to keep your PC running healthy, various Windows security features may hold your Flight Simulator experience back. Your antivirus, firewall, or user account limitations may restrict the download process. Temporarily turn off any potentially interfering processes one-by-one, and see if your experience improves when a particular feature isn't in play.
Stuck at 3.68GB?
Many users report no issues when installing the majority of Microsoft Flight Simulator, but later encounter hurdles when restarting the title. The title may open to a later 3.68GB update, which fails to download once started. A workaround remains unclear at this point in time.
Reinstall Microsoft Flight Simulator
Yes, it's not ideal — but reinstalling the Microsoft Flight Simulator client could fix underlying download issues. While resetting your download progress to 0%, a clean install of the title may correct any undetected hiccups impacting your original installation.
Just remember, it's launch day
While you may be eager to jump onto Microsoft Flight Simulator the moment it launches in your region, remember you're not alone. The sheer number of new users looking to download game content is guaranteed to impact speeds in some areas, even despite Microsoft's best efforts. After the initial launch rush subsides, installing the game outside of peak hours could eliminate several variables hindering downloads today.
We'll update this post over the hours ahead with new updates as they come.
The Legend Returns
Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020 has taken to the skies, promising a cloud-powered globe, with authenticity on an unmatched scale. It's out now exclusively on Windows PCs, offered in three flavors.
Pick Up A Stick
The best budget stick around
When you happen to be restricted by a small budget but want something better than a mouse and keyboard for Microsoft Flight Simulator, this is the perfect all-in-one solution.
Matt Brown is Windows Central's Senior Games Editor, Xbox & PC, at Future. Following over seven years of professional consumer technology and gaming coverage, he’s focused on the world of Microsoft's gaming efforts. You can follow him on Twitter @mattjbrown.
What a boneheaded install process. Why didn't they install the whole game on a pre-load. At the rate it is updating I'm not sure it will finish updating by the end of day. It is getting review bombed on Steam because the update is counting towards the 2 hour play time so many are cancelling the update and refunding before their 2 hours is up or with very little play time. And someone decided it would be a good idea to a have an annoying, repetitive sound playing through the entire update. Could no one see this coming? That said, I'm expecting a truly awesome, revolutionary sim with some issues that I'm willing to put up with once I can get the game installed...eventually.
I didn't expect this either, especially with the MS store app. I thought we were done with installer wrappers. I might be able to fly by tomorrow!
I'm at 73%, hoping to get it sometime this afternoon
OMG!!! My laptop died in the middle of the update and now it seems to be stuck trying to resume with 69 gigs left. I might have to start over!!
I found a solution, so as not to have to download the whole game again. In the folder <C:\Users\[youruser]\AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.FlightSimulator_[something]\LocalCache\Packages\Official\OneStore> sort by order of modification, delete * .fspatch and *.fspackage files, and last modified folder, open the game, if it keeps freezing, delete the next last modified folder, and so on until the game starts. You no longer have to download everything again.
For those with the 3.68 issue: A reddit user found this workaround: https://www.reddit.com/r/MicrosoftFlightSim/comments/ibzcgx/potential_fi...
Is there any way to turn the depressive instalation sound off please??
Lol... I think it's supposed to be relaxive. I think it only becomes depressive when you find out that you can't at least play for another 2 hours. 😜
You can individually change the volume of programs if you right click on the sound/speaker icon in your taskbar and click "Volume Mixer". Find the program and adjust the volume slider all the way down.
I'm pleased to see that some avid sim fans are getting their downloads, eventually. I can't get mine to start. When I start the download/install process in the MS Store I get "Turn on Windows Update. Windows Update is disabled. You can repair Windows Update by running the Windows Update troubleshooter in Settings." Code: 0x80070422 Downloading and installing other games works fine. I have a new-build box just for this sim, and it's less than a week old. I've tried everything that MS suggests, as well as on many sites (including this one). No dice. Windows Update is alive and well, as I got an update just yesterday! I've done the "sfc /scannow" repair, everything. Except one thing: A full repair of Windows (or pristine install). Anyone here seen this one? If so, how to fix? And if not, what suggestions? I really want this one; I'm stumped...
Wow, havent been that unlucky. I am on release preview though, maybe try that?
I finally got completely frustrated with the whole process, once Powershell starting dumping errors about missing xml files, etc. The usual sfc /scannow and RestoreHealth tries all showed my system was in great health. So I bit the bullet and did a full reset on Windows, the one where you use the MediaCreator tool and then tell it to update Windows but keep user files and applications. Download now running fine, after logging back into the Store. Apparently there are just some errors you can't get past without a Windows reinstall...
I found a solution if the screen freezes on "Welcome, set your experience", so I don't have to download the whole game again. In the folder <C:\Users\[youruser]\AppData\Local\Packages\Microsoft.FlightSimulator_[something]\LocalCache\Packages\Official\OneStore> sort by order of modification, delete * .fspatch and *.fspackage files, and last modified folder, open the game, if it keeps freezing, delete the next last modified folder, and so on until the game starts. You no longer have to download everything again.
Sounds like an important find, Diego! I'll watch for that...
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Virtual Machine Escape is a type of security threat that provides a loop hole to the hackers/crackers so that they can intrude with hypervisors or their associated virtual machines.
How Virtual Machine Escape does works?
Virtual Machine Escape allows unauthorized users to get access to administrative operations in an entirely virtualized environment. Unauthorized users manage to do so through direct interaction with the operating system interface. They somehow manage to escape the assigned virtual system and enter into the backend architecture.
How and where Virtual Machine Escape is used?
Virtual Machine Escape is basically an unethical activity which is mostly used to intrude or modify hypervisor’s functionality such as creation or deletion of new virtual machine instance etc. without authorization to do so. | <urn:uuid:b6f58642-6219-4ac5-af28-ee227504acb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cloudopedia.com/virtual-machine-escape/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.887853 | 147 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Skeletal muscle is a metabolically active organ that makes up approximately 40% of total body mass with vital functions for mobility and metabolism. It is well known that exercise training elicits highly coordinated adaptative processes in skeletal muscle, not only to meet the increased physical and metabolic demands in the future, but also to confer numerous protective effects to other tissues/organs in the body with unequivocal benefits to health and disease prevention. SMHS is pleased to launch this special issue on the molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced muscle health. We welcome original research papers as well as review articles.
These will include, but won’t be limited to:
- Mechanistic insights of skeletal muscle adaptation to endurance exercise training
- Mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy in response to exercise
- Exercise signalling to modify muscle phenotype and mitochondrial turnover
- Metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle during exercise and following training
- The mechanism and prevention of muscle atrophy and wasting
- Mechanisms responsible for exercise preconditioning
- Muscle to organ communication and exercise adaptations: Myokines and microvesicles
- Exercise and hormesis
- Exercise, ageing and muscle disease
Submission deadline: 10 September 2022
Please read the Guide for Authors before submitting. All articles should be submitted online via the online submission system; please contact the guest editors before submitting. Special issue manuscripts will be processed via a fast review channel.
Dr. Zhen Yan
University of Virginia, USA.
Dr. David A. Hood
York University, Canada. | <urn:uuid:b694a72f-86a3-4d2b-9511-2541db1e397d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/sports-medicine-and-health-science/call-for-papers/special-issue-on-molecular-mechanisms-of-exercise-induced-muscle-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.906763 | 350 | 2.515625 | 3 |
23,000 – that’s how many different types of trees there are in the world, according to North Carolina State University.
The diversity of trees is in a word… amazing. From towering pines to tropical palms and teeny-tiny bonsai trees, there’s a tree out there for everyone.
If you’ve found a tree that catches your eye, here’s how to identify your tree. You can use the leaf, bark or an app to discover what type of tree you have.
To identify what kind of tree you have, begin by grabbing a leaf. If you please, snap a picture of the tree’s bark, canopy and any identifying features, such as its fruit, blooms and size.
Now you’re ready to begin sleuthing. Go forth with confidence, tree detective!
Tree leaves hold the answer to, “What type of tree is this?”
If you’d like to use an app, scroll to find the best one below.
Or, you can take The Arbor Day Foundation’s detailed “What Tree Is That” quiz. By answering questions about where you are and the leaf’s shape, size and characteristics, you’ll know what tree you have in under 5 minutes!
Wondering how to identify a tree in winter when there are no leaves present?
Look at their bark! By far the easiest way to identify trees by their bark is to use an app. Scroll on to find out which.
If you’d prefer, you can DIY it. Your best bet is to focus on the bark while zeroing in on the twigs and buds. The Nature Conservancy provides step-by-step instructions and detailed info on how to identify trees by their bark. They also share how to identify different types of evergreen trees.
If you’d prefer to answer questions instead, try this tree bark identification key.
Ah, the wonders of 21st-century technology!
Now, you can tell what type of tree you have in your front or backyard by snapping a picture or answering a few questions on your phone.
Leafsnap, created by researchers at Columbia University, the University of Maryland and the Smithsonian Institute, is the best iPhone app for identifying trees.
To use, you simply input your location and snap a picture of the leaf on a white background.
Then, poof! You’ll have the results in a matter of seconds. Now that’s easy!
VTree helps you identify nearly 1,000 trees and shrubs across North America. This app was created by Virginia Tech’s Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation.
You don’t need to take a picture of the leaf to use this app. Instead, you enter your location and answer qualifying questions about the leaf and tree. You can skip any non-relevant questions. There are also over 23,000 pictures of leaves, flowers, fruits and twigs to make it easier to identify trees.
If you’ve stumped the app, you can even send in a tree description with pictures, and the Virginia Tech experts will solve the mystery. | <urn:uuid:2f566dd0-0df5-425e-b82b-90eeed8d1338> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.davey.com/2016/05/how-to-tell-what-type-of-tree-i-have/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.927186 | 666 | 2.96875 | 3 |
In the early 1950s, the European Union as we know it did not exist, but a process of economic and political cooperation involving most Western European countries was already underway. And those countries came close to choosing a flag that featured the cross to represent their union.
The idea for the flag came from Count Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, who in 1923 had founded the Paneuropean Union, the first political organization dedicated to European unity. Son of a Bohemian diplomat and a Japanese patrician, Coudenhove-Kalergi was born an Austro-Hungarian subject in 1894, adopted Czechoslovak citizenship in 1919 after the breakup of the Habsburg Monarchy, and became a French citizen in 1939 after the takeover of Prague by Nazi Germany. He was concerned about the cultural dimension of post–World War II Europe. Would not a common religious, ethical, and aesthetic heritage be the best foundation for a secure future? Most of the founding fathers of the postwar European project agreed with him. They unanimously endorsed his choice of Ludwig van Beethoven’s Ode to Joy as the continent’s anthem.
But the flag posed problems.
The prewar Paneuropean Union had its own flag, a dark blue banner with a yellow globe and red cross. Why not wave it?, Coudenhove-Kalergi asked. Many European countries, from the U.K. and the Nordic countries to Switzerland and Greece, already used the cross as a national symbol. Yet the issue turned out to be more difficult than expected. Some European countries did not use the cross in their flags, and thus tended to view it as a foreign symbol. A certain sector of European opinion argued that featuring a cross would be too dogmatically Christian or even too Catholic, or that other religious or philosophic sensibilities, from Judaism to secularism to Islam, should be acknowledged. (Turkey, Islamic at heart if outwardly secularized, had just joined the Council of Europe and NATO.)
Then there was the last, and truly disturbing, difficulty: The Paneuropean Union flag looked like an inverted Nazi flag—blue instead of red, a yellow circle rather than a white one, a Latin cross rather than the swastika, but still the same pattern.
Eventually, a different flag was adopted, the one we know today. Its twelve stars are, ironically, no less Christian and Catholic than Coudenhove-Kalergi’s design. A preliminary design submitted by the exiled liberal Spanish scholar Salvador de Madariaga envisioned golden stars against a blue field. Paul Lévy, a Catholic Belgian official at the Council of Europe, and Arsène Heitz, a Catholic French civil servant, redesigned the flag with twelve stars to symbolize harmony and stability. Though it is not clear that they really had in mind the Holy Virgin’s celestial crown (Levy later denied it, Heitz affirmed it), many Catholics came to read it that way, and some infuriated non-Catholics and secularists as well.
Looking back, it seems only natural that an emerging United Europe should have adopted Christian emblems. Christian statesmen and Christian parties carried weight in the preliminary processes of European integration. There was some talk in the late 1940s and early 1950s of a “Vatican Europe,” even a “Holy Roman Europe,” since the three major countries were led by devout Catholics: Alcide De Gasperi served as prime minister of Italy from 1945 to 1953; Robert Schuman served as foreign minister of France from 1948 to 1953; and Konrad Adenauer was chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963. Other countries were likewise under strong Christian political influence: Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, and Ireland, as well as, in a different manner, Spain and Portugal.
In the ensuing decades, Europhile Christian parties continued to dominate Europe. In Germany, Christian Democratic chancellors have been in charge for fifty of the seventy years since the founding of the Federal Republic. Italy’s Christian Democracy Party (DC) was in power for almost fifty years, from 1945 to 1994. Christian parties have led or been part of most cabinets in most countries, including many of the former Eastern European countries that were welcomed into the European Union after 1989. The European People’s Party (EPP), inspired by Christian Democracy, has consistently been the largest single group at the European Parliament since that body’s beginning in 1976.
But is this political tradition, so important in the postwar era, still genuinely Christian? Christian Democratic parties have gradually abandoned some core values, such as defending the traditional family, traditional communities, and a common ethical heritage. They now endorse a vague and constantly revised philosophy of secular “human rights,” which they share not just with the moderate left but with the radical left as well. Whereas early Christian Democrats or Christian conservatives were eager to rebuild Europe as a Christian and humanistic polity, many of today’s nominally Christian politicians see Europe—or rather, the E.U. decrees and machinery in Brussels—as an end in itself. This “idea of Europe” supersedes Europe’s Judeo-Christian identity. A purely legal Europe has displaced the real one.
The European Parliament building in Strasbourg is suggestive of where this fantasy leads. Oddly (and tellingly), the E.U. was never able to decide where its mammoth assembly of 751 delegates should be located. Finally, two halls were built at great cost, the Paul Henri Spaak Building in Brussels (1989–93) for the more frequent “ordinary sessions,” and the Louise Weiss Building in Strasbourg (1999) for the “plenary sessions” that formally endorse Union legislation. Though much more elegant than its counterpart and rival in Brussels, the Strasbourg building elicits metaphysical bewilderment. It is an impressive, round structure, and its uppermost stories appear to be incomplete, lending it the appearance of the Tower of Babel as frequently rendered in Western art. The image is of man’s rebellion against the heavens, a far cry indeed from the cross or Mary’s crown.
Origins of Modern Christian Politics
The French Revolution of 1789 was quick, dirty, implacable, and irresistible, because it sought to realize the Empire of Reason and to dispose once and for all of the Judeo-Christian or biblical heritage—that is, of Christendom, which was diagnosed by elites as “fanaticism” and “superstition.” The Revolution’s most radical Jacobin phase lasted only a few years before giving way to the Napoleonic military dictatorship, and then progressed from 1814 on to a much milder regime, thanks to Anglo-Saxon influences. But the Revolution was never really reversed. Indeed, its legacy influenced the rest of Europe and its colonies. Revolutionary France was the paradigmatic “modern regime,” and its modes of social engineering and modernization spread even to countries such as Prussia and Russia, which pretended to oppose it.
Revolutionary upheavals occurred again and again in France and elsewhere: the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, the Parisian Commune of 1871, and finally, the twentieth-century “secular religions” of communism and fascism, which fully realized the inherently totalitarian drive toward social engineering that characterizes modern revolutionary politics. But Christianity did not just survive; it acquired new forms of strength throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Christianity’s continued influence was first and foremost a matter of sheer numbers. There were many Christians in the post-Revolution world. In their imagery and on their coins, French Republicans represented the Sovereign People as Hercules, the mace-wielding giant who smashed everything in his way—a transparent allusion to the sans-culotte mob that had stormed the Bastille in 1789 and the Tuileries Royal Palace in 1792. But they, like Napoleon after them, were curbed or defeated by another Hercules. He showed his power in a series of Catholic rebellions, from the War in the Vendée and the Chouannerie uprisings to the counterrevolution in Naples in 1799 to the Spanish War of Independence (1808–14).
As representative governments were established, Christian demographic strength translated into electoral power. The steady growth of confessional parties in Western countries, from the early nineteenth century to the late twentieth, paralleled the steady extension of the electoral franchise. The first Catholic political congresses or caucuses took place between 1864 and 1884, when most European countries granted electoral franchise to most or all men. The formation of Catholic parties occurred in Germany in the 1870s, a result of Bismarck’s constitutional provision for universal male suffrage. In other countries the introduction or expansion of the electoral franchise led to the formation of confessional parties, Protestant as well as Catholic, and some Jewish ones. The Golden Era of confessional parties, starting in the 1920s in some countries and in the late 1940s in others, coincided with the extension of the franchise to women: 1918 in Austria and Poland, 1919 in Germany, 1922 in Ireland, 1931 in Spain, 1944 in France, 1945 in Italy.
What brought Christians and other religiously minded voters together was an anti-totalitarian resistance to revolutionary politics, expressed in the willingness of confessional blocs to defend themselves and their mores as organic elements of society. This meant protecting family values against social engineering, upholding popular traditions, supporting traditional marriage and independent education, and fostering local and professional autonomy (subsidiarity, to use a partly Calvinist, partly Catholic term). Christian parties also recognized at a very early stage the disruptive effects of the Industrial Revolution and were willing to address them. They did so through paternalistic but usually effective private initiatives (providing decent family housing to industrial workers and sufficient wages to allow fathers to provide for their families) or state-managed initiatives (retirement plans, medical insurance).
The Christian influence had a strong civic dimension outside formal political activity. Christian parties built up a host of ancillary organizations, from school networks to publishing houses and media, from youth movements (including the Scouts) to sports clubs, from guilds to trade unions. This civic dimension gave them a decisive advantage against secular liberals (whose main civil society institution was freemasonry) and, perhaps more importantly, against the socialists, who presented themselves as champions of the growing industrial working class. The Christian trade-union movement, which gained ground throughout Europe in the 1880s, competed with the more powerful Marxist and social-democratic unions, and even managed to attain dominance among some laborers, such as the miners of Northern France or the skilled workers in the Ruhr.
In Christendom, kings and rulers had been the temporal coregents or protectors of the churches. As Christendom ended, the churches were emancipated and, paradoxically, far from becoming less politically relevant, they became more so. For the first time since Constantine, kings and rulers were more dependent on church support than the church was on their patronage. Among Catholics, Ultramontanism—the doctrine of the pope’s absolute supremacy in religious matters—superseded Gallicanism and similar views that insisted on the union of Church and nation. Protestant churches, often more subservient to the state than Catholic churches, likewise became more assertive, especially nonconformist or “free” churches. As a consequence, a self-consciously Christian form of modern politics arose. It was to have extraordinary consequences.
Christian Democracy, Phase One
Belgium was the first European country in which a Christian party rose to power in the nineteenth century. Formerly the Austrian Netherlands (and part of Republican and Napoleonic France for about twenty years), Belgium was a largely Catholic and partially French-speaking nation. Belgians resented being incorporated into the predominantly Protestant and Dutch-speaking Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. Things only worsened when the haughty Dutch king, William I, attempted in the 1820s to turn the Catholic Church into a “national church,” that is to say, to cut it from the Holy See. In the wake of the French Revolution of 1830, which installed the Orleans dynasty in place of the Bourbons, both liberal and confessional Belgians rose against King William and declared independence.
The new state reflected this novel alliance. Its constitution, which is still in force (excepting some minor adjustments) one hundred and ninety years later, was drafted by the liberals, the party that stood for a moderate, modern government in the Anglo-Saxon style: popular sovereignty, parliamentary governance, and human rights, including freedom of religion, speech, and opinion. But the constitution also extended benefits to the Church and the faithful. As Michael P. Fogarty explains:
The Catholics, led by their bishops, placed themselves squarely on the ground of liberal democracy, and approved and indeed demanded the freeing of the Church from any entanglement with the State. The liberals on their side recognised the right of the Church to manage its own affairs, open its own schools, and even (a little illogically, in view of the general nature of the settlement) to have its clergy paid by public funds.
As the electoral franchise widened, Catholic-dominated parliamentary majorities governed. The Catholic Party of Belgium, founded in 1868, achieved an absolute majority in the Chamber of Representatives in 1884, which it retained until 1918. Under further names—the Catholic Union, the Catholic Block, and finally the dual Christian-Social Party (CSP, in Wallonia) and Christian Popular Party (CVP, in Flanders)—a Catholic party remained part of almost every Belgian government until the end of the twentieth century.
The Belgian experience influenced Christian activists throughout Europe. It made clear that Christian Democracy was a perfectly sensible proposition, even if it contradicted the anti-liberal decrees of Pius IX, the pope who dominated the nineteenth century. But circumstances were different in other countries, more complex and often less idyllic.
From the 1880s on, the Netherlands, like Belgium, was dominated by Christian parties that advocated family values, freedom of education, the extension of the electoral franchise, and the interests of “ordinary people” (kleyne luyden). But these parties were divided on confessional lines and were rocked by a series of quarrels and schisms. Dutch Catholics, a despised minority after the secession of Belgium, initially lent their votes to the secular liberal party, a strategy meant to improve their lot.
Abraham Kuyper’s Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) changed Dutch politics. His party rejected Enlightenment philosophy and promoted, on purely Christian principles, a democratic and progressive platform. On this basis a Catholic-Protestant coalition was formed in 1888. Although it never became a unified parliamentary party, this configuration ruled the country on a regular basis, and then exerted full control over Dutch politics from 1918 to 1939. The signal influence continued after 1945 as well.
France came very close to the Belgian model in 1848, under the short-lived Second Republic. Thanks to the universal male franchise, both conservative and progressive Catholics dominated the Constituent Assembly of 1848 and the Legislative Assembly of 1849, implementing many parts of their platforms. A French army was dispatched to restore Pius IX’s temporal authority in Central Italy (albeit motivated by reasons of state); the Falloux Laws abolished the secular state’s monopoly on education and allowed for Catholic schools and colleges; laws were passed to protect the working class. However, the Catholic party could not prevent the 1851 military takeover by President Louis-Napoleon, soon to become Napoleon III. In this period, out of concern over the growth of atheistic socialism, Catholics shifted loyalties toward a larger conservative party, le Parti de l’Ordre. In the Third Republic, founded in 1870, most Catholics remained entangled with the monarchist or authoritarian right. This led to anticlerical backlashes in the 1880s, and eventually to the complete separation of Church and state in 1905. Despite these setbacks, intellectual Catholicism, Catholic civil society, and Christian trade unions prospered in France, paving the way for a political revival in the mid-twentieth century.
At first glance, Christian politics seem to have fared much better in the Germanic countries. Conservative parties were keen to describe themselves as Christian, and liberal parties proclaimed their loyalty to Christian ethics. But actual conditions were less auspicious.
Conservatives in Germany tended to use the churches as tools for social control, and treated them harshly if they did not cooperate: This was the case for both Protestants and Catholics in Prussia in the 1820s and 1830s, and again in the 1870s. The liberals, who were influential in Southern Germany, especially in Bavaria and Baden, were unwilling to endorse a Belgian-style compromise to accommodate the churches. And some groups advancing a Christian agenda drifted toward anti-Semitic agitation. The Christian Social Party founded by Adolf Stöcker, the Lutheran Court chaplain in Berlin, attracted few votes but succeeded in disseminating radical anti-Jewish views. In Austria, Karl Lueger, the charismatic mayor of Vienna, founded a party that achieved political influence at local and national levels. It, too, engaged in anti-Semitic rhetoric, though it did not attempt to translate those sentiments into policy.
The most successful Christian party in Germany was the Zentrum or Center Party, founded in 1870 by Ludwig Windthorst, a Hanoverian lawyer and statesman. Members of Zentrum sought to defend Prussia’s Catholic communities. Catholics constituted almost one-third of Prussia’s population and were a majority in the Eastern Polish-speaking provinces of Posen and Upper Silesia, as well as in the western provinces of Rhineland and Westphalia. The establishment of the Second Reich in 1871 incorporated Bavaria and other southern German states, making Catholics a substantial 40 percent minority within Germany.
The Second Reich established a universal male franchise. In the 1871 election, the Center Party secured 18.6 percent of the vote. It reached 27.9 percent at the second Reichstag (1874) and hovered around 20 percent until 1907. It was thus, for most of this period, Germany’s second-largest parliamentary party, initially behind the National Liberal Party (a broad coalition of conservative and liberal nationalists), and then the Social Democratic Party, which after 1891 rose to first position. On two occasions, in 1881 and 1884, the Zentrum gained the most votes of any party.
In many ways, the Center Party’s rise was the direct outcome of the Kulturkampf waged against the Catholic Church by the Second Reich under Otto von Bismarck. No fewer than twenty-two laws were passed between 1871 and 1876 to curb the Catholic clergy, expel the Jesuits, dissolve other monastic orders, interfere with Church discipline, secularize civil registries and primary schools, and encourage swift denominational disaffiliation. One can dismiss these policies—the harshest attack against the Roman Church in Europe since the 1789 Revolution—as Bismarckian aberrations. But this misjudges. Protestant Prussia dominated the Second Reich, and it was wary of a renewed Catholic coalition of France and Austria. Bismarck worried that such a configuration would attract the loyalty of German Catholics. But the legal measures backfired. It was only natural for German Catholics, as a reaction, to support the Center Party en masse.
From the outset, Windthorst insisted that the Center Party was loyal to the Reich and its constitution. Moreover, he claimed that the party did not defend Catholics as such. Rather, the party insisted that all citizens were entitled to full equality and full religious freedom, and pledged to defend those rights for all Germans. To that end, Windthorst attempted to win Protestant support, and he strongly opposed anti-Semitism. Thus, while Belgian Catholics had led the way in the nineteenth century by endorsing democracy, German Catholics went a step further. The Center Party was Catholic in the sense that its support came primarily from Catholic voters, but the party promoted a non-confessional Judeo-Christian Democratic vision.
The Center Party demonstrated its staying power during the Kulturkampf. Bismarck began looking for ways out of his repressive policies. When the more flexible Leo XIII succeeded Pius IX in 1878, the chancellor agreed to rescind some measures and gradually restored most rights to Catholics. As Social Democrats and more radical elements gained electoral votes, the Center Party cooperated with the Imperial and Prussian governments to buttress national defense and create a comprehensive social security system. Somewhat diminished after World War I because of the loss of Catholic regions to Poland and France, the party nevertheless remained powerful, one of the few stalwarts of democracy in the troubled Weimar state.
Similar political developments took place in Italy. It seems strange, for Italy, which had achieved national unity shortly before Germany, was, unlike Germany, a predominantly Catholic country. How could Catholicism be marginalized there? The blame lies with Pius IX. He refused to recognize the House of Savoy’s “theft” of the Papal States in 1860 and of Rome in 1870, and thus forbade Italian Catholics to take part in Italian political life. Leo XIII relaxed this policy but did not dare reverse it entirely. Leo’s successor, the conservative Pius X, lifted the ban incrementally, beginning in 1903, continuing in 1909, and concluding in 1913.
Though officially they stood outside Italian politics, Pius IX and Leo XIII guided the Catholic Church toward a heavy investment in civil society. The hierarchy nurtured, and to an extent controlled, an array of lay organizations: the Catholic Congress Movement, Catholic Action, and others. At quite an early stage, these groups cooperated indirectly with political parties in order to protect Catholic interests. Under Pius X, they provided a basis for direct Catholic political involvement. This involvement became more explicit still when Benedict XV lifted the ban against the Italian State in 1918 and freed Catholic politicians from direct Church interference. The Italian People’s Party that emerged captured 20 percent of the vote in the two pre-fascist elections of 1919 and 1921.
Just as the Kulturkampf led German Catholics to counterattack by embracing democracy, the rift between the Italian State and the Holy See encouraged Italian Catholics to subscribe to a democratic agenda. The Programme of the Young Christian Democrats, published in Turin in 1899, called for progressive reforms: proportional representation of parties in parliament and local authorities, extension of the franchise, decentralization of the administration, legal protection for labor, a fixed maximum of working hours per day and a fixed minimum wage, vocational education for the masses, workers’ housing societies, industrial arbitration, tax reform, and last but not least, the protection of civil and political liberties: freedom of teaching, of the press, of association, of meeting, of organization. The Programme insisted that these initiatives were rooted in Christian principles: “We demand all this as Christian Democrats, because the reforms for which we call correspond at once to the aspirations of a true democracy and to the social principles of Christianity. Christian Democracy means the wholehearted application of Christianity, that is of Catholicism, to the whole of modern public and private life, and to all its forms of progress.”
In view of their roles in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Germany and Italy, it is not surprising that the Center Party and the Italian People’s Party were the forerunners of the two strongest and most influential Christian parties that emerged in Europe after World War II: the German CDU/CSU and the Italian Democrazia Cristiana. But they first had to pass through very dark times.
Tribulation and Resistance
In less than thirty years, from the 1880s to the 1910s, Euro-American discoveries and innovations—electric power, radio waves, radioactivity, automobiles, aircraft, submarines, the telephone, cinematography, sound recording, broadcasting, plastics and synthetics, the eradication of many endemic illnesses—reshaped everyday life. This tremendous material progress transformed Western societies in ways that seemed to validate the Enlightenment’s principles of reason, order, prosperity, and peace. But these material advances also disrupted traditional forms of life, and the social dislocations often made European countries politically unstable. Moreover, progress was soon harnessed for war and destruction.
The terrible events that rocked Europe and the world from 1914 to 1945 did not dispel belief in progress. Most people blamed the catastrophic events on an “eclipse” of the Enlightenment. It was not easy to recognize that the twentieth century’s “totalitarian” experiments—the project of “total war,” the murderous “total class warfare” waged by communism, the “total State” promoted by fascism, and the genocidal “total racial engineering” fantasized by Nazism—might on the contrary be an ultimate expression of the Enlightenment’s totalizing drive. In retrospect, 1914–45 were not decades of irrationality; they were a time of a mad rationalism.
Committed Christians and other religiously minded Europeans were swept along by patriotic fervor in the summer of 1914, as were other citizens. Many remained ardently patriotic or nationalistic after the Great War, either out of fidelity to the sacrifices borne by soldiers and civilians, or because they viewed nationalism as Christianity’s best defense against atheistic socialism and its new, radical wing, Bolshevism.
The trauma of the trenches and concerns about communism caused some leaders of Christian parties to turn to the fascists in Italy and the national socialists in Germany. Others urged a “traditionalist” or “corporatist” Christian-fascist synthesis (sometimes referred to as “clericofascism”). This impulse was manifest in Action française (even after its 1926 condemnation by Rome), António Salazar’s Estado Novo in Portugal, Engelbert Dollfuss’s regime in Austria, José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones’s Confederacy of Autonomous Rights (CEDA) and later the Franco regime in Spain, the Blueshirts in the Irish Free State, the Metaxas or “Fourth of August” regime in Greece, the Iron Guard in Romania, and both the Croatian-Catholic and Serbian-Orthodox radical movements in Yugoslavia. There was also, in many places, a very different but equally extreme and post-democratic Christian infatuation with the left, including even communism, as the strange case of Pierre Pascal exemplifies: Pascal was a devout French Catholic who joined the Bolshevik party in Russia in the wake of the October Revolution.
Yet amid the turmoil of the interwar years it was also the case that many religiously minded Europeans were alarmed by the rise of political totalitarianism. Resisting the communist threat was a priority throughout the 1920s and the early 1930s, but as the thirties advanced, national socialism and Japanese militarism were likewise regarded with growing suspicion. Some Catholics hoped that clericofascism and even Italian-style fascism would contain both menaces—hence their support for Dollfuss in Austria, their pro-Italian stand in the Abyssinian crisis of 1935, and their sympathy for the half-traditionalist, half-fascist rebellion in Spain in 1936. When Mussolini aligned strategically and ideologically with Hitler, sacrificing Austria in the process, these hopes started to unravel. Right-wing Catholics, like many Protestants, drew the proper conclusions.
The ideological disorientation and gradual clarification of Christian political commitments during this time are reflected in intellectual debates, especially in France, a country that hosted many refugees from totalitarian regimes. The “nonconformist school” (Jean-Louis Loubet del Bayle’s description) dominated the 1930s. This outlook was encouraged by Esprit, a periodical founded by Emmanuel Mounier, and l’Ordre Nouveau, a movement influenced by Robert Aron that was largely Catholic and looked for a “third way”—neither right nor left, neither liberal nor totalitarian, but “communitarian” and “personalist.” Some of its members were active in Léon Blum’s Popular Front government in 1936–1938; others worked for the Vichy government in 1940. Most eventually joined the Resistance. Charles de Gaulle, the charismatic leader of the Free French, had been close to l’Ordre Nouveau before the fall of France in 1940.
The war was a moment of truth. Christianity, or at least a commitment to the Christian heritage, was often the touchstone of resistance, separating those who mobilized to defeat Nazism from its sympathizers, appeasers, and collaborators. Claude Bouchinet-Serreulles, who served as secretary to de Gaulle in London, recalled in his memoirs, Born to Be Free, a conversation he had on Christmas 1941. Hitler had declared war on the United States after Pearl Harbor, and the European war was now global. Bouchinet-Serreulles was speaking to “a prominent member of the Conservative party” who still favored an arrangement with Hitler. “Finally, I asked him whether a Nazi victory would not mean the passing of our Judeo-Christian civilization. At that point, his face darkened and he stopped talking to me.” Bouchinet-Serreules knew that the religious core of European identity was at stake.
In Germany, opposition and resistance to national socialism was found in and around the churches. In his 1939 novel, On the Marble Cliffs, Ernst Jünger portrays the destruction of the Evil Empire by a handful of learned monks. Among Protestants, the Confessing Church movement (which defended Christianity against the neo-Marcionite “German Christians”) played an important role. Among Catholics, leading prelates such as Clemens von Galen, Konrad von Preysing, and Josef Frings took part in drafting the 1937 encyclical Mit brennender Sorge. They denounced, even during the war, many aspects of the regime’s ideology and policies. Galen condemned racial anti-Semitism but was not above religious anti-Judaism. Preysing and Frings let it be known that they were horrified by both attitudes and their genocidal consequences (“a crime crying to Heaven,” Frings said).
These public pronouncements influenced Germans who were not fully fanaticized. The White Rose group in Munich came together after Galen condemned the Nazi T4 euthanasia program. It was driven to action in 1943 by reports and testimonies, many of them disseminated in church circles, about the genocide of Jews. “Since the conquest of Poland . . . Jews have been murdered in this country in the most bestial way,” the group wrote in its second public leaflet. “The German people slumber on in dull, stupid sleep and encourage the fascist criminals. Each wants to be exonerated of guilt, each one continues on his way with the most placid, calm conscience. But he cannot be exonerated; he is guilty, guilty, guilty!” Preysing was in touch with another Resistance group, the Kreisau Circle led by the Protestant Helmuth James von Moltke. He also met and blessed the Catholic Claus von Stauffenberg shortly before his ill-fated attempt to assassinate Hitler in 1944.
In most countries subject to German control, Christian activists engaged in various forms of anti-Nazi mobilization, from underground and guerilla operations to political maneuvering. In France, priests, monks, nuns, and lay Christians joined the Resistance. The communist poet Louis Aragon wrote La Rose et le Réséda, a ballad celebrating the partisan “who believed in Heavens” along with “the one who did not.” In 1943 in Italy, where Church authorities and lay activists had attempted to moderate Mussolini’s regime from within, large numbers of Christians joined the Partigiani guerilla groups against the German military occupation in the north and center of the country. In Hungary, the churches supported Admiral Miklós Horthy’s stubborn efforts to keep the country as independent as possible from its German ally, and to protect its large Jewish community.
In Greece, the Orthodox Church entertained ambivalent relations with the semi-fascist Metaxas regime, which sought to make religion subservient to the state but did not otherwise pursue anti-Jewish persecution, and did not surrender to the Italian and German invasions in 1940–41. Under German occupation, the Archbishop of Athens and All Greece, Damaskinos Papandreou, protested the deportation of Thessaloniki’s Jews in 1943, then engaged in extensive underground operations to rescue the rest of the Jewish community. He supported the Resistance in many ways. In Bulgaria, the Orthodox Church unanimously mobilized against the planned deportation of the local Jewish community.
Christian Democracy, Phase Two
The courageous stand of many churchmen and lay Christians during World War II granted them a special role after 1945—at least in the Western half of Europe, where American protection and support allowed for the restoration of democratic politics. But other factors contributed to the remarkable ascendancy of Christian Democracy during the postwar era.
First, there was a MiMa’amakim (“out of the depths,” from Psalm 130) response. The human suffering of the wartime years led to a general turn toward transcendence and a return to the Judeo-Christian outlook. The most instinctive and stunning manifestation was the baby boom, which started simultaneously in Germany, France, Britain, America, and Russia. Bearing and raising children had always meant love, faith, and hope for the future.
There were intellectual and cultural signs as well. The Ten Commandments was published in the United States in 1943, featuring chapters by famous European authors such as Thomas Mann, Sigrid Undset, Franz Werfel, Rebecca West, Jules Romains, and André Maurois. Toward the end of the war, Jünger circulated among German anti-Nazis a short but stunning essay, The Peace. He argued that a war that brought so much destruction and led to such crimes (he mentioned the “gas chambers” and the crimes perpetrated “in the name of race”) should have no other outcome than “a better and wider Kingdom of Peace,” to be achieved by a wholesome return to “the God of the Bible.” In his judgment, “the symbols of Man’s Godly origins, the narrative of the Creation, the figures of Cain and Abel, the images of Sodom and the Babel Tower, the Psalms, the Prophets, the New Testament’s truth, so superior to the base laws of this reign of terror, provide us with the eternal pattern and measure governing human history.”
The return to religion was not just a gesture among intellectuals. At the old German justice hall in Nuremberg where surviving Nazi leaders were tried in 1946, the four judges were seated under the Tablets of the Law. From Berlin to Le Havre to Coventry, churches and cathedrals were the first monuments to be rebuilt in devastated cities.
Christian Democracy’s rise was also strengthened by the Year Zero effect. Though materially hurt, the United Kingdom and the U.S.S.R. could take pride in their fortitude and final victory, but most other nations were morally collapsed as well as physically destroyed. Germany was left with no central government and had lost 25 percent of the land mass it possessed in 1937. It was subjected to forced migrations of ethnic Germans on a huge scale from lost provinces to the East, split among four occupation zones, and burdened by the crimes of the Nazi regime. Italy was shattered by the fall of Mussolini’s dictatorship and the Savoy monarchy. France had been wiped out militarily in 1940, and its liberation in 1944 had been the work of the Anglo-Saxons (de Gaulle’s gallant stand notwithstanding). In these contexts, religion was the last token of legitimacy and national continuity.
In Germany, Italy, and even France, Year Zero was characterized by a backward-looking and often only half-admitted desire for absolution. Too many people among the elites and the masses had tacitly or explicitly supported the fascist regimes, at least for a time. This was often the case for non-fascist conservatives. Having feared Bolshevism as the greater evil, they had allied themselves with fascists, and they sought to be cleared of this alliance, if not amnestied. Pledging allegiance to Christian values, and to the Christians who had fought fascism in one way or another, offered a path to rehabilitation.
In sum, the postwar situation favored the dominance of Christian Democratic parties. They would remain in charge for several decades.
In the 1949 German elections (the first free elections since 1932), two Christian parties, the Christian Social Union (CSU) in Bavaria and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in the rest of West Germany, emerged as the largest political group in the Bundestag. They earned 31 percent of the vote, gaining a narrow victory over the Social Democratic Party (SPD), which garnered 29.2 percent. Four years later, in 1953, the CDU/CSU rose to 45.2 percent of the vote, against 28.8 percent for the SPD. In 1957, it rose even higher, to 50.2 percent. In the 1960s and later, the CDU/CSU was dominant in West Germany, and after unification it dominated German politics as a whole. It has ruled for forty-two years out of the last seventy-one, as either the parliamentary majority or a partner in a broad coalition with the Social Democrats. Even in opposition, during brief periods when the Social Democrats have held power, the CDU/CSU has been a force to be reckoned with.
The Christian Democracy Party (DC) was likewise dominant in Italy after World War II. The direct heir of the pre-Mussolinian People’s Party (running under the same emblem, a red shield with a white cross and the Latin motto Libertas), the DC won the first elections under the new constitution in 1946, with 35.2 percent of the vote. In 1948, its vote share rose to 48.5 percent. The party stayed above 40 percent for a decade, then stayed close to 40 percent for two more decades after 1958.
In France, the Popular Republican Movement (MRP), a secular party with Christian influences, did not fare as handsomely. It began at 24.9 percent of the vote in 1945, rose to 28.2 percent in June 1946, and fell slightly to 25.9 percent in November 1946. In 1951, it fell to under 15 percent. Conservative voters had rallied to the party largely out of the need for absolution and reintegration into legitimate French politics. But in the early 1950s, voters switched to the new national-democratic party founded by de Gaulle, or they moved to Antoine Pinay’s more right-wing Independent and Agrarian Party. From the early 1950s onward, French Christian Democracy, or the Centrists, as the party was renamed in 1965, never achieved more than 15 percent of the vote nationwide. But the fragmented Christian constituency in France would at times reunite on specific issues and exercise decisive influence.
The Postwar Bargain
The post-1945 Christian Democratic agendas manifested slight differences in accordance with national situations. There were nonetheless common tenets:
- Resistance to communism and Soviet takeover, then the major totalitarian threat in Europe. This meant strengthening alliances with America and supporting NATO. Christian Democrats were staunch Atlanticists.
- Free enterprise mitigated by regulation and welfare programs. The Germans described this approach as the “social market economy.” It worked in concert with American-controlled Keynesian organizations, above all the Marshall Plan. Eventually, these policies translated into a series of “economic miracles”—the German Wirtschaftswunder, the Italian Miracle, and the French Trente Glorieuses.
- Pro-family policies, which included direct government subsidies for parents, subsidized housing, support for family businesses, support for religious school networks, a conservative stand on sexual norms, policies curtailing birth control, and prohibition of abortion and even divorce.
- Reconciliation among European nations, cooperation, and federalism. The Soviet menace and the American security umbrella meant that the major Western European powers were not fully independent anymore, and they could not nurture hostile designs against one another. With greater Germany reduced to West Germany, there was greater parity of size and power in Europe. Moreover, American economic support—the key to recovery, full employment, the rise of living standards, and domestic peace—was provided on the condition of European integration.
- Rule of law and support for traditional institutions (including the monarchy, where it still existed). The widespread desire to return to “normalcy” reinforced the conservative platforms of Christian Democratic parties.
Yet early in the postwar era, a new political dynamic emerged. It would at first qualify the ascendancy of Christian-dominated parties and eventually hollow them out. The Christian Democrats found themselves often joining forces with the Social Democrats, their historic adversaries. They had agreed on some issues in the past and had joined forces during the Resistance. After 1945, cooperation increased dramatically. At times, Christian Democrats and Social Democrats looked like the two wings of one single movement committed to prosperity and stability.
Social Democratic parties emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, organized along the assumption that the laboring class was in conflict with the capitalist class. These parties sought a new, “post-capitalist” social order, and in that sense they were revolutionary in the tradition of the French Revolution. But they distinguished themselves from communists and other radicals by pledging to work within liberal democratic institutions—hence their name, Social Democrats.
The postwar situation moderated the ideological differences of earlier decades. The Social Democrats moved toward the Christian Democrats on the question of communism and Soviet expansion. They were affected by the dissolution of their movement by the communists in the so-called “People’s Democracies” in Eastern Europe, often accompanied by assassinations and imprisonments of Social Democratic leaders. (The Prague coup in 1948 was a particular shock to the left in Western Europe.) As a result, Social Democrats embraced Atlanticism too, and with it an American-dominated foreign policy.
This resulted in a broad national consensus in countries like Germany, where CDU/CSU and SPD contended for power. In Italy, where communists dominated the left, small socialist parties had no choice but to ally themselves with DC. In France, MRP-Socialist cooperation was necessary against an informal but effective coalition of the Gaullists, the communists, and several small right-of-center or left-of-center groups, cemented together by a common distrust of Atlanticism. Unlike its Italian and German counterparts, the French center-left/center-right cooperation failed: The coalition that worried about American dominance derailed a NATO-sponsored European Defense Community project in 1954. As was so often the case, de Gaulle remained difficult to categorize in postwar politics.
Wartime destruction united the interests of labor and capital. Both had an overriding interest in rebuilding shattered economies. Thus, when it came to economic policies, Christian Democrats and Social Democrats had similar agendas. Both groups were influenced by American patrons who believed in a regulated market and welfare programs: New Deal Democrats, Eisenhower Republicans, and the AFL-CIO, which actively supported non-communist unions in Western Europe, Christian Democratic and Social Democratic alike. This convergence was sealed when Germany’s SPD, the strongest European Socialist party, disclaimed any vestigial allegiance to Marxism at its 1959 party convention in Bad Godesberg.
When it came to European integration, the convergence was even more complete. Among its leading proponents were the so-called Vatican triumvirate of De Gasperi, Schuman, and Adenauer, to which the godfather of European federalism himself, the international banker Jean Monnet, should perhaps be added, since he always remained close to his family’s Catholic tradition. This group was paralleled by a Social Democratic triumvirate: the Belgian prime minister Paul-Henri Spaak, the Dutch Minister of Agriculture and then Minister of Economy Sicco Mansholt, the Italian Socialist and Eurofederalist Altiero Spinelli. Without the Christian Democratic–Social Democratic compact, it is unlikely that the European Coal and Steel Community would have been created in 1951, or that the Treaty of Rome, the cornerstone of political Europe, would have been signed in 1957.
Christian Democrats and Social Democrats also shared many views on family policy, as long as it involved increasing economic or financial aid. They were ready to compromise at times on politically risky matters such as education. But there were still marked differences on family values as such. Christian Democrats prioritized the family over the individual; Social Democrats did the opposite. As long as the baby boom lasted, this was not really a matter of consequence, because family values were dominant within both groups. But the boom slowed by the mid-1960s, and the parents’ generation yielded to that of the children, for whom family was not the first priority.
Technological Revolution in Sex and Family
The wealth of the West expanded after 1945. Major breakthroughs took place in physics (nuclear energy), biology (the antibiotics revolution, DNA, genetic engineering, the food revolution) and artificial intelligence (computers, data, imagery, algorithms, the Internet). Over time, the pre-1914 euphoria returned, and with it the Enlightenment hubris according to which man is all-powerful. Such a view no longer required the biblical, transcendent God. As the postwar era matured, the new proclamation was that man (or something like a technologically augmented man) was God, or about to become God.
Nowhere was the new proclamation more visible and more dramatic in its consequences than in sexual matters. In the late 1940s, antibiotics erased the threat of most venereal diseases. In the 1960s, the pill and intrauterine devices provided reliable female contraception. In the 1970s, abortion was legalized and reframed as a routine surgical operation. In vitro fertilization, achieved in 1978, led to technologies that assisted reproduction to counter infertility among married couples, and this in turn led to a whole gamut of medically assisted procreation procedures, designed for single parents or same-sex parents, and finally, to surrogacy. Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, gender reassignment technologies have become accepted practices.
Though some of these technologies may have been compatible with traditional family patterns, they led, as a whole, to a gradual dissociation of sex and family, and then to the erosion of the family itself.
In the United States, where the concepts of marriage and family remain relatively important (61 percent of never-married Americans said in 2011 that they wanted to get married), the decline of marriage as an institution is nonetheless marked. In 1940, 90 percent of all households were families. In 2010, 66.4 percent of households were families. Fertility dropped from 3.4 children per woman to 1.8. Single-parent births rose from 6 percent of all births in 1960 to 43 percent in 2010.
In most European countries, marriage has lost its magic altogether. According to a 2011 OECD report, cohabitation has replaced or is replacing marriage or civil partnerships among couples aged twenty to thirty-four in Sweden (62.6 percent of all couples in that age bracket), France(56.58percent), Germany(56.03 percent ), the Netherlands(54.21 percent), the U.K.(50.02 percent), Spain(41.43 percent), and Switzerland (40.14percent). Surveys by the National Institute for Statistic Studies show that marriage rates dropped in France from more than 400,000 marriages per year in the early 1970s to fewer than 221,000 (including six thousand same-sex marriages) in 2019. “Civil solidarity pacts” or PACS, a low-cost and easily dissolvable marriage, rose to 209,000.
By the same token, according to Max Planck Institute data, fertility in France dropped from 2.7 children per woman in 1960 to 1.8 in 2018, which is still the highest rate in Europe in relative terms, an anomaly that may be explained by a large Muslim immigrant presence. (The French government prohibits gathering data concerning race, religion, or ethnicity.) In Germany, fertility dropped from 2.3 children in 1960 (both in the Western and Eastern parts of the country) to 1.2 in 1993, but returned to 1.5 in 2017 (in a reunited country), probably thanks to immigration. In Italy, fertility has fallen from 2.4 to 1.3. In Spain, from 2.8 to 1.3. In the U.K., from 2.7 to 1.8. The average European rate of out-of-wedlock births (or births from polygamous parents, in the case of some immigrants) is about 50 percent. It is 60 percent in France.
Clearly, changes of this magnitude lead to further disruptions. A demographically declining nation without strong family formation will need immigrants—or will be unable to control immigration flows. Its capacity to create, produce, and engage in business will likely falter. Many aspects of its culture will become irrelevant. Its survival as a polity is not assured.
In March 2019, Jérôme Fourquet, a pollster and essayist, published L’Archipel français (The French Archipelago). In a dry and dispassionate manner, relying on multiple surveys and a wide array of data, Fourquet concludes that the nation of France is vanishing. Its dissolution is due to the decline of its national religion and the disintegration of its traditional family patterns.
In 1961, Catholicism was the social norm and baptism a near universal practice: 92 percent of the French were baptized. Among the children seven years old and younger, “48.8 out of 100 were baptized in 1999, 40 out of 100 in 2005, 34 in 2010, and 30 in 2015.” In 1961, 38 percent of baptized Catholics said they attended Mass “every Sunday” or “as often as possible.” In 2012, just 7 percent did.
The decline of Catholicism in France has many causes, according to Fourquet, including the sense of spiritual dispossession created by some of the Second Vatican Council’s doctrinal, liturgical, and disciplinary reforms. But it also has been caused in no small measure by the breakdown of sexual morality, marriage, and family, which undermines the basis for stable religious practice. One casualty has been the clergy. There were 25,203 French priests in 1990 and only 11,908 in 2015, the latter number including some six thousand already beyond the age of retirement. Another factor is Christian militancy in social and political affairs, a worldly orientation that downplays the transcendent.
These dramatic declines influenced the postwar European political settlement, which was dependent on Christian parties. All over Europe, Christian Democracy has lost its traditional basis of support: churchgoing parents and grandparents concerned to ensure cultural and economic stability for themselves and their children. As that basis of support has eroded, Christian Democratic parties have lost touch with their core commitments. The process was so incremental that it went unnoticed for years.
The Return of Revolution
By all outward appearances, Christian Democratic parties thrived from the 1970s through the early 2000s. In the European Parliament, the European People’s Party (EPP) has regularly enjoyed a plurality. In Germany, the CDU/CSU remained dominant, with 48.69 percent of the vote in 1976, 48.89 percent in 1983, 40.9 percent in 1998, and 41.5 percent in 2013. In Italy, the DC was still well above 30 percent in the 1980s and just under 30 percent the last time it ran, in 1992. It was thereafter engulfed (along with the entire Italian political class) by the mammoth corruption investigation known as Mani Pulite or Clean Hands. Its members and voters did not vanish into thin air, however. They dispersed among new right and left parties, including two smaller Christian Democratic groups.
In France, Christian-minded groups merged in the 1970s with the classic right, a move that increased their influence. In 1984, this political force masterminded mass demonstrations that forced a Socialist president, François Mitterrand, to withdraw a reform bill that would have imperiled the religious school networks. Similar demonstrations against same-sex marriage in 2013 failed, but they helped conservative Christians to advance an ally, François Fillon, as candidate in the presidential election of 2017, and nearly get him elected.
In the last generation, Christian groups still dominated Belgian and Dutch politics. Other Christian groups emerged in Scandinavia. In Spain, Catholic groups became the backbone of Franco’s regime after 1945, the main agent of its liberalization in the 1950s, and the inspirers of its economic modernization in the 1960s. After the restoration of a parliamentary monarchy in 1975, they lent support to the People’s Party (PP), which was in charge from 1996 to 2004 under José María Aznar, and then again from 2011 to 2018 under Mariano Rajoy. In Portugal, the
CDS – People’s Party acted as the main rampart against a communist takeover in the late 1970s.
But Christian Democratic dominance was becoming increasingly hollow. It required, at the political and administrative level, in the E.U. and in national politics, an intensified cooperation with Social Democrats. Sometimes, the two parties ruled jointly through a “grand coalition” (a common development in Germany and Austria). In other instances, they entered larger coalitions that included more partners, from the old liberals to the new Green militants or regional parties. Sometimes the power-sharing meant that the parties alternated in power but rarely changed the policies of the preceding administration.
Outwardly, the trend toward Christian Democratic–Social Democratic fusion rested on the familiar postwar pillars: Atlanticism, the “social market,” family policy, the rule of law, and ever-greater European integration. But in truth each of these priorities was modified, with the Social Democrats dictating terms. When the Cold War was over, Atlanticism became a commitment to a loosely defined “world order.” “Social” economics drifted toward an unstable combination of globalized capitalism for those who could afford to participate, and an extended welfare state for those who could not. Family policy was no longer understood in the traditional sense, but was reframed to support experimentation under the new sexual mores. The rule of law came to be understood as the rule of court and the implementation of ever expanding “human rights.” And the European project was revised in an even more drastic way.
Why did Social Democrats insist on these changes? And why did Christian Democrats oblige?
In its first phase in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, social democracy sought to improve the worker’s condition incrementally by democratic and peaceful means, while a more radical socialism advocated revolution and violence. This led to the 1917 schism between Social Democrats and socialists on the one hand, and communists on the other. But the schism was never complete. Whereas some communists adhered to Social Democracy in the subsequent decades, many Social Democrats were attracted to communism, or at least to the Popular Front sympathy for communism. Fascism and national socialism—another form of radical politics, which adopted many of the grievances and aims of socialism and mimicked communist terror tactics—also attracted former Social Democrats and communists in many countries.
After 1945, the leaders of Social Democratic parties were a filtered remnant of an earlier, more radical element. Whatever their considerable merits, they still carried an ambivalent political DNA. As they came of age amid the material wealth generated by the postwar boom, the conservatism and pragmatism of the postwar settlement grated on their utopian sensibilities. It was no surprise, then, that the next Social Democratic generation—happy baby boomers, raised in comfortable homes, usually college-educated—relapsed into socialism’s more radical variations (the so-called “New Left”). When the rising generation became active in the supposed “center-left” parties, they increasingly discarded their parents’ hard-won wisdom, deriding it as bourgeois degeneracy and betrayal. They flocked to “pacifism” (the Orwellian euphemism for disarming and only criticizing democratic countries), Trotskyism, Castroism, Maoism, anti-imperialism, anti-Zionism, and finally Red terrorism, from the German Red Army Faction to the Italian Red Brigades, from the old-new IRA to the new-old ETA, from the French Action directe to the transnational Carlos network. The children of postwar Social Democrats frequently mingled under such circumstances with the sons and daughters of communists and fascists, who had reasons of their own to cultivate New Left radicalism.
Even the Social Democratic baby boomers who kept their distance from the New Left couldn’t entirely evade utopian dreams. They were interested in a piecemeal, Fabian, “daily life” revolution that would advance the welfare state and affirm the ongoing sexual revolution. Over time, their “Second Left” agenda came to include John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice, judicial activism, affirmative action, Jürgen Habermas’s supranationalism, and internationalism. It was social engineering with a human face, but social engineering nonetheless.
Christian Democratic baby boomers might have realized what was at stake and broken the grand alliances with their former associates in order to protect the distinctively modern form of Christian civilization—governed in accord with a fundamentally anti-utopian and thus anti-totalitarian moral order. It was a precious and indispensable mode of political modernity that Christian Democracy had done so much to make possible. But this generation was destabilized by the unraveling of the churches. (Protestant denominations fared little better than Catholicism in the 1960s and after, with the exception of small splinter churches.) The supposed “center-right” element of European society underwent its own sex and family crisis. There was a pervasive sense that the foundations of anything meaningfully “conservative” were eroding. As for the younger Christian Democrats in France who didn’t leave the fold, they were nonetheless in such a confused state of mind that joining the neo-Fabian Social Democrats on most issues and subscribing to most of the Rawls-Habermas dogmas seemed quite natural.
France can serve as a case study. Regions such as Brittany and nearby western provinces had been Catholic strongholds since 1789, but in the last fifty years have shifted left. Régis Debray, the son of prominent conservative Catholic activists, fought with Che Guevara in Bolivia in 1967. The new Socialist party created by Mitterrand in 1971 was said to be a three-tiered affair: one-third Social Democrats of the old school, like Gaston Defferre, the mayor of Marseilles; one-third opportunistic ex-radicals or ex-Trotskyites like Michel Rocard and Lionel Jospin (both later to be prime ministers); and one-third Catholics like Jacques Delors, the former leader of the Christian union CFDT and a future chairman of the European Commission in Brussels. Mitterrand himself was from a right-wing Catholic background and merely masqueraded as a socialist out of political ambition. Ségolène Royal, who was a charismatic socialist candidate in 2007, was revealed to be a practicing Catholic. Emmanuel Macron, the maverick “neither Right nor Left” politician who won the 2017 presidential election against the Catholic-supported Fillon, was baptized as a Catholic as a teenager on his own initiative. He claims to be a disciple of the Protestant philosopher Paul Ricoeur, himself a pupil of the “neither Right nor Left” Catholic philosopher Emmanuel Mounier.
Europe as Utopia
Europe came to play a central role in the new Christian-Socialist configuration. Until 1993, an integrated Europe was understood in terms of economic cooperation: the original Treaty of Rome of 1957, which focused on a customs union, and the modified Single European Act of 1986, which provided for a free-market regime. However, the peaceful but far-reaching changes of 1989–91—the end of the Cold War and of Soviet control in Eastern Europe in 1989, the reunification of Germany in 1990 and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991—evoked a new vision, one that reignited the utopianism of the left.
Germany’s neighbors were unsettled by her sudden return as Europe’s largest power. All Europeans, Germans included, were troubled by the emergence of America as the single global superpower—the “hyperpower,” as France’s socialist foreign minister Hubert Védrine used to say. These concerns led to the project, co-authored by Mitterrand and the German Christian Democratic Chancellor Helmut Kohl, of supplementing the economic treaties binding Europe together with political ones. The ambition was to turn Europe into a federal superstate that would tame Germany and counterbalance American power.
Had the new entity been based on sound democratic practices, a fair distribution of power, and strong mechanism to hold accountable those in charge, this plan might have been viable. Instead, the promoters of the European superstate were keen to retain the governing structure of the old system of economic cooperation—nonelected European commissioners, a host of technocratic assistants—checked only symbolically by a gigantic and largely powerless European Parliament.
The new Europe-wide policies that resulted were both intrusive and inconsistent. In the name of Europe, many national and local institutions and public services were dismantled, and a single currency, to be governed under strict deflationist principles, was introduced. National legal traditions were streamlined, superseded by a Byzantine “European law,” and undermined by the European Court’s judicial activism. The Schengen Agreement dispensed with border controls, an important tool for continental and domestic security. For all that, Europe has been unable to adopt unified policies on issues that matter. None of the main European powers have been willing to relinquish their sovereignty in foreign or military affairs—an attitude that ironically reinforces American “hyperpower.” The United States still controls NATO and European defense.
From the outset, the public has been disillusioned with the whole process of creating a “political” Europe, and with the political class that endorsed it. The Maastricht Treaty of 1992, which formally established the European Union (E.U.), was ratified in most countries by their national parliaments. In those countries where a referendum was held, it either passed by a very thin margin (50.8 percent of the vote in France) or was defeated (by 50.7 percent in Denmark). In spite of these warning signs, the Christian Democrat–Social Democrat, pro-E.U. political elite pressed on. In 2004, a Constitutional Treaty was devised and submitted to ratification in the member countries. This time, in those countries where a referendum took place, voters flatly rejected it: 55 percent of the French and 61.5 percent of the Dutch voted against the proposal. The elites’ reaction was patronizing. The Constitution was dropped, all right, but most of its content was incorporated into the 2007 Treaty of Lisbon, which was ratified by parliaments only. The Christian Democracy that was instrumental in stabilizing postwar Europe had become part of a top-down social bureaucracy.
The drafting of the European Constitutional Treaty was a particularly sorry affair for the legacy of Christian Democracy. The Convention on the Future of the European Union met in Brussels from February 2002 to July 2003. It was a hodgepodge of nonelected delegates. Some were designated by the E.U. Commission and Parliament, and the rest were handpicked by national governments. The Christian Democrats insisted on a subsidiarity principle that would protect the local and national democratic powers against interference from the superstate. They also demanded recognition of Europe’s cultural identity in the Constitutional Treaty, including its Judeo-Christian roots. They won on the first count (though in practice, the principle of subsidiary has been largely ignored). They were overruled on the second count by the majority, led by Social Democrats, who wanted Europe to be a purely Rawlsian-Habermasian project, a regime based on the twenty-first century’s claim to have distilled the universal dictates of reason into abstract and secular “human rights.”
Eager to find some way to acknowledge that Europe did not begin with the Enlightenment, the Christian Democrats submitted a compromise paragraph to the Convention. The following words were to be inserted into the Constitution’s preamble: “Drawing its inspiration from the cultural, religious, and humanistic heritages of Europe, which, initially nourished by the Hellenistic and Roman civilizations, and later traversed by a spiritual thrust still present in its patrimony and by the Enlightenment’s philosophical streams, anchored in social life a special vision of the central role of human persons. . . .” Pagan Greece, pagan Rome, and the neo-pagan Enlightenment were called by name, but the Jewish and Christian traditions, which have played and still play a decisive cultural and ethical role, merited only a tortuous circumlocution: “a spiritual thrust still present.” It was like the Victorians who wouldn’t dare explain what “unmentionables” might be. But even that was too much for the Convention, which deleted mention of “a spiritual thrust” from the final version.
Instead of rebelling against this hypocrisy and nonsense on such an essential issue, the Christian Democratic political class caved. Perhaps some imagined that Christian values could be introduced at a later stage. Perhaps the members of the CDU/CSU—a powerful force in European matters—calculated that they would be the real leaders of the E.U., anyway. It seems, however, that the main reason lay elsewhere. By the first decade of the twenty-first century (and probably sooner), nominally Christian politicians were not Christian anymore, or at least not Christian enough to challenge the rest of the political class, as their forefathers had.
Utopia without Christian Ballast
The fracas over the E.U. Constitution may seem minor. But the erosion of the churchgoing base of Christian Democratic parties and the apparent decline in Christian conviction among Christian Democratic leaders has had important consequences. Without a Christian Democratic movement with a strong religious anchor, how can Europe respond to an unprecedented demographic and ethnic transformation?
In 1950, there were about two million Muslims in Europe (U.S.S.R. not included): 0.2 percent of 350 million inhabitants. In 1990, according to conservative estimates, there were at least thirty million Muslims: 6 percent of 500 million. In 2010, forty-five million out of 530 million: 8.49 percent. The figures for 2019 were assumed to be well beyond fifty million: 9.26 percent of 540 million. All in all, the yearly rate of Muslim demographic growth in Europe, which was estimated at 4 percent thirty years ago, is now estimated at 8 percent. At the same time, the native, non-Muslim population is declining.
Another factor has amplified the demographic and cultural problems Europe faces. Muslims tend to be more family-oriented than Europe’s non-Muslims, and they have more children. A 2015 investigation of the religious beliefs of French teenagers gives us a glimpse of the future. According to the study, 38.8 percent do not identify with any religion, 33.2 percent identify as Christian, 25.5 percent as Muslim, and slightly more than 1 percent as Jewish. The same study reports that only 22 percent of non-Muslims who still claimed to belong to a religion (and only 40 percent of self-described Catholics) described their religion as “something important in their life,” against 83 percent of Muslims. These results suggest that if religion becomes important again in French society, Islam stands a better chance to attract converts than Christianity.
European Liberals, Social Democrats, and the hard left have engaged for decades in what is best described as a complete denial of the dramatic increase of Islamic populations in Europe. The political establishment has refused to address its social, cultural, or political implications. They have entertained the Rawlsian-Habermasian delusion that liberal democracy and the mores of Western life will flourish in a multicultural environment. They are convinced that Islam is prepared to become another “identity” in pluralistic societies governed by “neutral” norms. Christian Democrats have not been too dreamily utopian, but they have been of two minds. And, as was the case with the European Constitution, when it comes to practical policies they eventually betray themselves and their constituencies.
In the summer of 2015, the rise of the ferocious ISIS caliphate in Syria and Iraq prompted a mass exodus into neighboring countries, particularly Turkey, and then toward the E.U. Most European countries realized that this migration would soon get out of control and took steps to close their borders. The German Chancellor Angela Merkel, leader of the Christian Democratic Union, was at that time the most powerful person in Europe. She had made repeated statements about the failure of “multiculturalism.” She decided that the European public needed to be taught a lesson about the difference between legal and illegal immigration. To that end, her press office staged a meeting with schoolchildren in Rostock on July 16.
Rostock is no ordinary place. A city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, the poorest region in the former East Germany, it is marred with unemployment and high numbers of non-European “asylum seekers.” In 1992, it had been the scene of xenophobic violence. Among the youngsters Merkel met was a Palestinian teenage girl called Reem Sahwil. The young woman explained that her family, which had been in Germany for four years as “asylum seekers,” was facing imminent deportation. She asked the chancellor whether they could be allowed to stay. True to her “Empress” image, Merkel rejected the request: “You are a very nice person but you know that there are thousands and thousands of people in Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon and if I say ‘you can all come’ and ‘you can all come from Africa,’ we just can’t manage that.” Anybody would have predicted that the girl would burst in tears upon such words—that is to say, anybody but the chancellor and her advisers, who panicked when they realized that the whole episode looked like an epitome of German insensibility and arrogance.
Just six weeks later, Merkel reversed her stand, regarding both the Sahwil family and the “thousands and thousands” waiting for asylum and economic opportunity in Germany—more than one million people, mostly single young men, as it turned out. She issued an open welcome. And she suggested that all European Union nations should do likewise, in proportion to their populations. It didn’t matter that the young Reem Sahwil’s dream, as she explained to the press, was in fact to “return home . . . once Israel is no longer there, rather only Palestine.”
Merkel’s about-face was applauded hysterically by the ruling class and widely rejected by everybody else. It set in motion a chain of events that neither Merkel nor anybody else could control.
The mass entry of asylum seekers has fueled political change in Europe. The legitimacy of European institutions is now openly questioned. New “independence,” “populist,” and “rebel” parties challenge the traditional parties. The great power that came from the de facto alliance between Christian Democrats and Social Democrats—the configuration that has dominated European politics for three generations—is draining away. Though the Socialists have suffered the greatest electoral defeats, the Christian Democrats have endured serious losses as well. It is not clear that either movement has a future.
Germany offers clear indications. Christian Democrats have remained solidly entrenched in German politics for nearly seventy years. On September 24, 2017, however, they dropped to 32.9 percent (from 41.5 percent in the 2013 election). The Social Democrats, their pseudo-rivals and actual allies, fell to 20.5 percent. Small parties—the Liberals, the Left Party, the Greens—garnered 8 to 10 percent each, totaling 28.8 percent of the vote. But a new right-wing populist party, Alternative for Germany (AfD), defined solely by its opposition to immigration, bypassed these small parties. It rose from 4.7 percent with no seats in the Bundestag in 2013 to 12.6 percent and 94 seats. Two years later, in the European Parliament election of 2019, CDU/CSU fell again to 28.9 percent, and SPD to 15.8 percent, while the Greens rose to 20.5 percent and AfD reached 11 percent.
In France, socialist president François Hollande observed in a book published in 2016 that one year after the Paris Bataclan massacres, immigration was leading to a “partitioned country.” A few months later, in the presidential election of April 2017, Hollande’s successor, the socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, only received 6.3 percent of the vote. The right-wing populist Marine Le Pen won 21.3 percent, and the left-wing populist Mélenchon 19.58 percent. Fillon, the conservative candidate, garnered 20 percent, in spite of rumors of corruption. The real winner, though, was Macron, with 24 percent. An establishment man who presents himself as an outsider, Macron easily won the second presidential round against Le Pen, with 66 percent of the vote.
Two years later, however, Macron was almost toppled by the Yellow Vests protests, an unprecedented wave of urban and rural riots around the country. Protracted strikes followed in the winter of 2019. Clearly, populist France’s anger was not over. In the European election of 2019, Le Pen’s National Front, rebranded the National Rally, came in first with 23.34 percent of vote, followed by LREM, Macron’s party, with 22.42 percent. Conservatives fell to 8.48 percent, Socialists to 6.19 percent.
In Italy, the left-wing populist Five Star Movement achieved a spectacular victory on March 4, 2018, with 32.66 percent of the vote. The League, a more conservative populist party, won 17.35 percent, followed by two far right parties, Brothers of Italy and Us For Italy, which together garnered 5.65 percent. The populist and anti-establishment total was thus a stunning 55.68 percent. In the 2019 European Parliament elections, 34.26 percent went for the League and 17.06 percent for Five Star. This result prompted the latter group to enter into a coalition with the center-left democratic party. More political turmoil is expected in Italy as right-wing populism grows and establishment forces try to keep it out of power.
In Spain, the Popular Party was not so much defeated by the socialists in 2017 and 2019 as weakened by its own concessions to the left, leading to the departure of its most conservative constituency, which now votes for the Vox party. In the general election of November 2019, the socialists won 28 percent of the vote but were bypassed by the combined Popular and Vox total of 35.9 percent of the popular vote. In practical terms, however, the conservative vote did not lead to a parliamentary majority, as Vox has been deemed “far right” and kept out of power.
Populist parties are on the upswing in the Netherlands, various parts of Belgium, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, and Norway. At the same time, “national identity” parties have consolidated power in Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria.
Some note that Western democratic Europe is clashing with the formerly Soviet-dominated, nondemocratic Europe. Others speak of the affluent “core” Europe versus the poor “peripheral” Europe. These are real divisions, but they are not the essential political reality at present. Populists and those rebelling against the E.U.—an emblem of the power-sharing alliance of Christian Democrats and Social Democrats that has dominated for a long time—succeeded in seizing power in the U.K., the Western democracy par excellence. The same has happened in Italy, a founding member of the E.U. In Italy, moreover, the right-wing populist League got its highest returns in the “core” and affluent North, rather than in the “peripheral” and poor South. Even in France, Macron presents himself a rebel of sorts. There can be no doubt: Europe’s postwar (and post-1989) political configurations are being swept away. The continent is looking for new ways and paradigms.
Recovering Christian Democracy
How shall we think about these changes? According to the Confucian view, as long as man fulfills his role in the world through appropriate rites and virtuous behavior, society enjoys harmony, peace, health, prosperity. But if man neglects these rites and this virtue, chaos is substituted for harmony, war for peace, illness for health, destitution for prosperity.
Therefore, the upkeep of proper rites and true virtue is the main purpose of the state. “Dynasties” and ruling elites attain legitimacy insofar as they achieve that end. To use the well-known Chinese expression, the “Mandate of Heaven” is bestowed upon them. If they fail, the mandate is withdrawn and given to a different dynasty or elite. Breaches in harmony, abnormal circumstances, and ominous incidents are warnings to the ruling class. They signal the rulers’ need to mend their policies and “rectify” their societies. If the rulers don’t heed the warnings, they will be unceremoniously swept away.
Can we say that the Mandate of Heaven is being removed from the Christian Democratic–Social Democratic “dynasty” that ruled Europe for more than seventy years? I venture the answer “yes.” The reason is simple. This ruling class has lost touch with the essential values it was empowered to defend and sustain. The Social Democratic movement abandoned its working-class base, becoming a postmodern “progressive” party, preoccupied with utopian multicultural dreams. The Christian Democrats have followed suit, less out of conviction than from a lack of conviction. As the Social Democrats moved left, the way was open for politicians like Angela Merkel to redefine the center-right as center-left, a moderate version of the increasingly radical left.
For the last two decades, this tactic has been sustained by a social consensus according to which anything to the “right” of Christian Democratic positions is “far right,” and thus to be condemned by all responsible people. This social consensus, understandable three generations ago in the aftermath of fascism, is now perverse. It writes a blank check to supposedly center-right establishment parties, allowing them to move as far left as necessary to co-opt old-fashioned Social Democrats and stay in power. The consensus is breaking down, not because there are not dark forces in European politics, but because Christian Democratic leaders have so thoroughly abused the “far right” label that it has lost currency.
What, then, should be done?
The Enlightenment nurtures in its devotees a totalitarian drive toward social engineering. It stimulates fantasies of wiping the slate clean, of refounding society—even humanity—on an entirely new (and supposedly pure) basis. In a moderate form, this impulse expresses itself as a spirit of reform and incremental improvement. But the Enlightenment is not by nature moderate. It is radical, and modern European history shows that the Enlightenment and its twentieth-century political epigones, communism and fascism, can be moderated only if counterbalanced by a Christian Democratic movement.
If Europe is to have a future—and that future would include the Enlightenment’s contribution—then Christian Democracy must become Christian again. This is not an anachronistic hope. There are substantial remnants keeping the Catholic, Protestant, or Orthodox faith unadulterated. They can serve as the anchor of a renewed Christian politics.
And there is a much larger constituency of lost and perplexed Christians. They tend to describe themselves as nonreligious, but in fact they desperately seek their roots. This constituency may constitute a majority. The “far right” parties now on the rise draw votes from the lost and perplexed Europeans who half-know that Christianity is at the foundation of what they fear will be lost. This is why Matteo Salvini makes a show of his rosary beads. These perplexed voters—whose numbers are growing—need an elite worthy of their confidence. That “new dynasty” can, perhaps, be populated by the substantial remnant of serious Christians.
Let us not meet the utopianism of the Enlightenment with our own dystopic pessimism. There is the striking example of Christianity’s fathers and teachers in spiritual matters, the Jews, who underwent all manner of terrible trials in the past century, but were nonetheless able to resurrect their corporate identity, not just as a secular nation, but as a religious, indeed biblical nation. Such feats are not accomplished by the sorts of men who desire sinecures in establishment institutions or who swim easily in the current of accepted opinion. They require the courage and determination of a few who understand the duty of a leader, which is to secure the Mandate of Heaven.
Christian Democracy must become assertive again, and that means Christians must become assertive again. Their modern record is impressive. They were for two hundred years the perennial Resistance party against totalitarian utopias. They were the prime agents of peace and reconciliation among the warring empires. They built the House of Europe. They should reclaim it from its travesty, the E.U.’s Tower of Babel.
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One of the questions that critical theory must pose concerns our relationship to the present. One of the essential tasks of philosophy is to render a diagnosis of the present. But there are many ways of rendering such a diagnosis, many ways of understanding how we came to this situation, and thus many ways of relating and reacting to the present.
I am not normally prone to dramatic or theatrical formulations. But I believe that, today, we are living in a critical moment. We are confronted with the necessity of radically interrogating who we are, our ways of thinking, our ways of acting – indeed, our very state of being. If I had to characterize the contemporary political situation using only one term, I would use the concept of powerlessness. If I had to use... only one term, I would use the concept of powerlessness.
For many months, indeed many years, and in almost all aspects of social life, the policies that western states have enacted have been guided by a logic that we know to be dangerous, harmful or unethical. And yet, we find it hard to combat, curb or guide governments towards more acceptable solutions. There is no shortage of recent examples: the authoritarian management of the European debt crisis, most notably in Greece; the migrant crisis – which has led to the re-emergence of borders, walls and camps throughout Europe – the establishment of mass surveillance on a global scale and control of the Internet, and, finally, in France, the imposition of a state of emergency just two months ago… These are just a few examples. We must begin with the truth.
Of course, the mere fact that states are animated by a conservative logic that we find ourselves struggling against is nothing new. But what is unique, or perhaps exacerbated, today is our growing inability to influence the course of events. Whenever we intervene, whenever we protest, whenever we make demands of the state, these actions seem to yield ever-diminishing transformative results.
We must look upon the present situation with lucidity. We must not lie to ourselves. We must begin with the truth: for many years now, whenever we’ve situated ourselves in the camp of progress and emancipation, we’ve lost the struggle.
And there are many people today who, consequently, live through their political lives in sadness and dismay. As I recently wrote, along with Edouard Louis, in a public manifesto that appeared in Le Monde and the LA Review of Books, the experience of politics, for most of us, is increasingly an experience of powerlessness.
Obviously, we are not, as intellectuals, artists, activists, etc., responsible for everything. Why do emancipatory politics seem condemned to impotence?
Much of the responsibility lies in the mechanisms of state rationality, the unresponsiveness of the political field, the ideologies propagated by the media system, etc. But we can no longer afford to dwell on these types of analyses. If we want to escape from our situation of powerlessness and anxiety, we must also re-examine of our relationship to the political, and strive to produce new types of political practice.
Fundamentally, I wonder if we have become so used to losing that we no longer question this situation. We think of our failures as inevitable. Against this habit, I think that we must politicize this situation. We must ask why emancipatory politics seems condemned to impotence, and how it could be otherwise.
Confronting our state of powerlessness first of all demands some reflection on our dominant modes of political practice. I think we take far too little account of the fact that the space of contestation is one of the most codified spaces of social life: dissent is always conducted according to established forms. Strikes, demonstrations, petitions, lobbying, civil disobedience even violent riots, constitute recognized forms of dissent. In other words, we exist upon a political terrain in which the expression of political dissent is already inscribed with the logic of the political system, and is, in a sense, programmed by it. The expression of political dissent is already inscribed with the logic of the political system…
We can only move beyond our powerlessness by conducting a critique of the traditional forms of political action. In fact, we must ask ourselves: what it is we do when we use the established modes of democratic dissent. Are we taking action? Or are we simply protesting to express our disagreement? If our protests accomplish nothing - or, in any case, only rarely produce substantive changes - doesn't this mean that the normal forms of action function as traps?
When we resort to them, we feel we are taking action; when in reality, we do nothing more than express our discontent. Haven’t the traditional forms of protest lost their efficacy and become routinized?
What would a mode of protest look like that is not already prescribed by the system? If we are to seriously challenge the state, should we not try to take the state by surprise? In this respect, I think that the anonymous leak constitutes one of the most significant political developments of the past several years. I wonder if the solitary actions of whistleblowers... might help us to rethink the entire scene of contemporary politics itself.
I know very well that much contemporary political theory concentrates its attention on mass protests or occupations such as Occupy, the indignants movement in Spain, or the Arab Spring. These are undoubtedly very important movements. But I wonder if all this attention actually reinforces traditional notions of politics and classical categories (like “The People”, the “We”, the “Common”, the “Public Space”), instead of interrogating how politics actually functions and then opening new possibilities.
And I wonder if the solitary actions of whistleblowers represent an unprecedented form of political action, one which might help us to rethink the entire scene of contemporary politics itself.
We must also rethink our relationship to politics in terms of strategy and temporality. I suggest that if we continue to lose battles, it’s because we continue to situate ourselves in relation to the state, and we do so in response to the actions of the state. We continue to situate ourselves in relation to the state.
We are living in an epoch of such political regression that political critique tends to limit itself to the task of reacting against state actions. We constitute ourselves as a political subject according to what the state does: it’s ‘the State’ that sets the terms of debate, that chooses the parameters of our political temporality, and the states plural that establish the topics we debate. Criticism is thus undertaken from a reactive and subordinate position. This is the reason why the state dominates: it imposes itself upon us and, as a matter of strategy; we are incapable of imposing ourselves upon it.
Rethinking politics thus means rethinking our relationship with time. We must find a way of resisting the state without reacting against the state. We must be careful not to continually situate ourselves in relation to the state. We must try to use the element of surprise by generating our own mode of temporality, by attacking the state where it doesn’t expect, and by creating new themes that it hasn’t yet considered …In short, it is crucial to try to establish a new political temporality.
Thirdly, we must consider the problem of language and the associated modes of analysis that we deploy. If we want to invent a new mindset in order to escape from our disempowerment, we need to redefine the space of critical theory.
My thesis is that the dominant narratives used by contemporary critical theory to understand the present tend to block or limit our capacities for resistance, rather than enliven them. The problem of our “critical vocabulary” interests me very much, especially since writing my book on Foucault and neoliberalism, where I interrogated what it means to develop a forward-looking, non-reactionary critique of the present: how, I asked, are we to critique neoliberalism without erecting the past as a norm or privileged referent? How are we to critique neoliberalism without erecting the past as a norm or privileged referent?
I believe that our contemporary political impotence stems from the fact that, in most areas of analysis, we struggle to formulate a genuine and collective critique of the past and the present – and thus we fail to produce inventive modes of critique.
And while it would undoubtedly be unfair to say that most critical theorists are backward-looking, I think it is nonetheless correct to point out that the way in which operations of power are codified in critical theory often reifies the a prior political regime as a positive referent that is placed beyond question.
According to our contemporary vocabulary, operations of power are often theorized in negative terms, as something that subtracts from some pre-established reality: power defeats, it destroys, it dismantles, it removes, it weakens, etc. Most analyses of neoliberalism, for example, articulate neoliberal rationality as a force that erodes pre-existing institutions, undermines the values at the center of our collective frameworks (the welfare state, state laws, moral norms, etc.,) and which destroys something like the Common, public political space, etc.
Consider another example taken from critical discussions of mass surveillance. The critique of the state and its intelligence agencies on this subject usually speaks of the way in which mass surveillance ‘erodes’ traditional privacy protections and ‘dismantles’ the limitations that kept state power from intruding into our private lives. And so these traditional protections and limitations function as criteria we use to characterize the negativity of the present situation.
The rhetoric that I’m interrogating here is especially present in France at the moment with respect to current debates about the “state of emergency.” Since the attacks last November, the French government has declared a “state of emergency” that grants far greater powers to the police and the state administration, at the expense of the powers of the judiciary.
While this situation is, of course, very serious, criticism is nonetheless often limited to the decision to create arbitrary suspensions of common law. Resisting these new powers has therefore led to a valorization of common law and its return, through a discourse that characterizes the traditional court system as the guarantor of liberty, and which champions judiciary power as an indispensible protective institution.
When we criticize something by characterizing it as exceptional, we tend to want to return, and hence preserve, that which came before, when really it is precisely this prior order of things that we should be attacking in the first place: for common law contains, in effect, almost as much arbitrary power as the state of exception, it’s just that we fail to see this. The past order... gradually becomes a positive referent.
This is not to say, of course, that there are never any “regressions,” nor that the past, in some instances, can indeed be considered “better” than the present.
However, my thesis is that if we want to develop a new political mindset, we must generate new narratives of power. We need to move beyond negative concepts like “dismantling,” “destruction,” “reduction,” “precaritization,” “exception” etc., This vocabulary logically leads to a position in which a previous state of power relations functions as an unquestioned axiom upon which all criticism is based. This vocabulary, therefore, produces a very specific mode of critique, one that necessitates a critical silence about a prior state of power relations as its fundamental condition of possibility.
Thus little by little, we cede political terrain: the past order, which we once criticized, gradually becomes a positive referent and becomes constituted as such. And the state, little by little, gains ground, and we continually lose the capacity to imagine different configurations.
Today, our modes of action, our relationship to time, and our narration of power functions in a paradoxical manner: at the very same moment in which we constitute ourselves as political subjects, we also constitute ourselves as subjects dominated by a system of power, by the state. It is this paradox that explains why we continue to fail. Snowden, Assange and Manning… have managed to rupture the traditional rules of the political game.
While such a conclusion may appear desperate, I do not believe it need to be so. In the first place, it is much less despairing to clearly perceive our present situation than to continue to deceive ourselves, and to continue to stagnate as a result.
But above all, we need not despair because experimentation with new modes of action has already taken place. Some interventions undertaken in recent years can act as sources of inspiration from which we can begin to re-fashion ourselves as political subjects. In particular, I am thinking of the actions of Snowden, Assange and Manning, the struggles against state surveillance, the leaks published by Wikileaks, etc. I am not necessarily saying that these acts of resistance should be held up as models that we all must imitate. Rather, I argue that we should look to these figures, and these struggles, as instruments with which we might interrogate our own political unconscious, and re-invent a broader art of insubordination in every domain of social life.
For if people like Chelsea Manning, Edward Snowden and Julian Assange compel such fascination for us today, and if the repression that has been brought to bear on them is so intense, it is, in my opinion, because they have managed to rupture the traditional rules of the political game.
Indeed, I would say these figures constitute the most developed or advanced examples of what could be described as a form of political autonomy, inasmuch as they were able to invent their political modes of action instead of using the traditional ones. In the first instance, they managed to alter traditional political temporality: they took the state completely by surprise. Their dissent originated from a place the state did not at all suspect. Whistleblowers, almost by definition, are insiders, conformists, individuals who are integrated within state institutions; they are not, at least at first, outsiders or traditional figures of dissent.
Secondly, Snowden, Assange and Manning were all able to impose their agenda upon the state. They posed questions of the state that the state did not want posed or did want to hide.
And they acted in a way that destabilized the state. We could mention here the importance of anonymity, which denies the public character of politics, refuses identification to the figure dissent, and which challenges the traditional operation of public space. One could think of Snowden and Assange’s acts of fleeing and sedition, which refuse to partake in the rules of the political game, as not only a means of escaping the penal system and national belonging but of questioning the right of the state to judge our political actions and their legality.
I could cite many other examples. But what is most important for me is to emphasize the extent to which Snowden, Assange and Manning have not merely raised questions about the erosion of our liberal-constitutional orders, though they have certainly done this. More importantly, they have invented new questions, new ways of being in the world, and have increasingly defied sovereignty, the liberal rule of law, and therefore defied our entire political scene itself. They stood up against the established rules of democratic contestation, and have accordingly forced the state to occupy a reactionary position. One could think of Snowden and Assange’s acts of fleeing and sedition… as… questioning the right of the state to judge our political actions and their legality.
The sheer intensity of state repression that has been brought to bear on these dissidents can only be understood in this context: the repression against these figures may, ultimately, have less to do with the mere punishment of crimes and may really be more about re-imposing a classical conception of citizenship upon them, in an attempt to re-inscribe them into a system they have sought to unravel. It is a strategy on the part of the state to suppress a new way of doing politics that is unrecognized by the state and which therefore eludes it.
If we want to escape from the state of powerlessness gripping us, if we want to generate a new kind of political mindset, it is my view that these activists and their actions provide a rich source of inspiration. And while it is surely not the only source, it is an important one: for our goal should be to act as they have acted across every domain of social and political life.
We must find a way to place the state in a position of deprivation with respect to us, and force it to react to what we do. Our goal should be to invent new forms of resistance that are not merely oppositional but also inventive, not merely expressive but also active. In other word, we have to invent what would be an autonomous way of being and struggling.
Thanks go to Matt MacLellan for translation to the English.
Get our weekly email | <urn:uuid:c904fe41-9696-40e6-8c0b-249b8fbfe3ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/digitaliberties/beyond-powerlessness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959255 | 3,537 | 2.09375 | 2 |
How does mitosis occur?
Throughout mitosis, a eukaryotic cell undergoes a rigorously coordinated nuclear division that ends in the formation of two genetically an identical daughter cells. Then, at a vital level throughout interphase (known as the S part), the cell duplicates its chromosomes and ensures its techniques are prepared for cell division.
Which is an instance of mitosis?
Examples of cells which are produced by way of mitosis embody cells within the human physique for the pores and skin, blood, and muscular tissues. Cells undergo totally different phases known as the cell cycle.
What’s meiosis and its perform?
Meiosis is the method in eukaryotic, sexually-reproducing animals that reduces the variety of chromosomes in a cell earlier than copy. Many organisms bundle these cells into gametes, similar to egg and sperm. The gametes can then meet, throughout copy, and fuse to create a brand new zygote.
What’s crossing over and its significance?
Crossing over is the swapping of genetic materials that happens within the germ line. Crossing over ends in a shuffling of genetic materials and is a crucial reason for the genetic variation seen amongst offspring.
At what age does meiosis happen?
In people, meiosis is the method by which sperm cells and egg cells are produced. Within the male, meiosis takes place after puberty. Diploid cells inside the testes bear meiosis to provide haploid sperm cells with 23 chromosomes. A single diploid cell yields 4 haploid sperm cells by way of meiosis.
Do people use mitosis or meiosis?
Though almost all of the several types of cells in your physique can bear mitosis, meiosis in human beings happens solely in cells that can develop into both eggs or sperm. So, in people, mitosis is for development and upkeep, whereas meiosis is for sexual copy.
What are the four components of the physique during which mitosis happens?
Usually, mitosis happens in most components of the physique, most particularly these which are regularly uncovered to put on and tear. Listed below are 4 components of the physique during which mitosis happens, and these are the pores and skin, the DNA, the muscular tissues, and the circulatory system. Hope this solutions your query.
Why do we want meiosis Quizizz?
It permits for even distribution of chromosomes within the gametes. It permits for extra genetic variety of gametes. It permits for genetic uniformity of gametes.
What are the three predominant variations between mitosis and meiosis?
What Is the Distinction Between Mitosis and Meiosis?
|Variety of cells created||Finish end result: two daughter cells||Finish end result: 4 daughter cells|
|Ploidy||Creates diploid daughter cells||Creates haploid daughter cells|
|Genetics||Daughter cells are genetically an identical||Daughter cells are genetically totally different|
What three processes happen throughout meiosis?
The method helps enhance the genetic variety of a species.
- Meiosis I and II. Meiosis happens over two generations of cells.
- Crossing Over.
- Discount to Haploid.
- Random Chromatid Assortment.
What’s the results of meiosis?
In distinction to a mitotic division, which yields two an identical diploid daughter cells, the tip results of meiosis is haploid daughter cells with chromosomal mixtures totally different from these initially current within the mother or father. In sperm cells, 4 haploid gametes are produced.
What’s a very powerful characteristic of meiosis?
In probably the most vital characteristic of meiosis, replicated chromosomes pair and alternate DNA by way of a course of known as recombination.
What’s the significance of meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis makes the cells wanted for sexual copy to happen, and mitosis replicates non-sex cells wanted for development and improvement. Collectively, they supply the mobile foundation for wholesome development and sexual copy.
What’s crossing over point out its benefits?
Crossing over results in the manufacturing of a brand new mixture of genes. 2. It performs an vital function within the means of evolution. 3. The crossing over frequency helps within the development of genetic maps.
What are the principle similarities and variations between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces two cells from one mother or father utilizing one division occasion. However meiosis produces 4 new baby cells with two divisions, every of which has half the genetic materials of its mother or father. Mitosis takes place all around the physique, whereas meiosis solely takes place within the intercourse organs and produces intercourse cells.
What’s crossing over clarify with diagram?
Crossing over is the alternate of genetic materials between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes throughout meiosis, which ends up in new allelic mixtures within the daughter cells.
What’s the significance of mitosis?
Mitosis is a approach of creating extra cells which are genetically the identical because the mother or father cell. It performs an vital half within the improvement of embryos, and it’s important for the expansion and improvement of our our bodies as effectively. Mitosis produces new cells, and replaces cells which are previous, misplaced or broken.
What’s distinction between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2?
Meiosis is the manufacturing of 4 genetically various haploid daughter cells from one diploid mother or father cell. In meiosis II, these chromosomes are additional separated into sister chromatids. Meiosis I consists of crossing over or recombination of genetic materials between chromosome pairs, whereas meiosis II doesn’t.
The place does meiosis happen in people?
Meiosis happens within the primordial germ cells, cells specified for sexual copy and separate from the physique’s regular somatic cells. In preparation for meiosis, a germ cell goes by way of interphase, throughout which your entire cell (together with the genetic materials contained within the nucleus) undergoes replication.
What’s the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
Crossing over is crucial for the conventional segregation of chromosomes throughout meiosis. Crossing over additionally accounts for genetic variation, as a result of as a result of swapping of genetic materials throughout crossing over, the chromatids held collectively by the centromere are now not an identical.
What’s meiosis clarify with diagram?
Meiosis is a course of the place a single cell divides twice to provide 4 cells containing half the unique quantity of genetic data. Throughout meiosis one cell? divides twice to kind 4 daughter cells. These 4 daughter cells solely have half the variety of chromosomes? of the mother or father cell – they’re haploid.
In what organs does meiosis happen?
- The method of meiosis occurs within the female and male reproductive organs. As a cell divides to kind gametes:
- Meiosis happens within the testes of males and ovaries of girls.
- Meiosis and mitosis differ as a result of:
The place does mitosis happen in human physique?
Some cells undergo mitosis because the organism grows however will finally attain a stage the place they now not undergo mitosis. This happens in cells making up the assorted organs (coronary heart, spleen, pancreas, and many others.) and tissues of the central nervous system.
What’s meiosis course of?
Meiosis is a kind of cell division that reduces the variety of chromosomes within the mother or father cell by half and produces 4 gamete cells. The method ends in 4 daughter cells which are haploid, which suggests they comprise half the variety of chromosomes of the diploid mother or father cell.
What are the three makes use of of mitosis?
Mitosis is vital for 3 predominant causes: improvement and development cell substitute and asexual copy.
What are Three similarities and three variations between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis consists of 1 stage whereas meiosis consists of two phases. Mitosis produces diploid cells (46 chromosomes) whereas meiosis produces haploid cells (23 chromosomes). Mitosis produces two an identical daughter cells whereas meiosis produces 4 genetically totally different daughter cells.
What occurs throughout meiosis I?
In meiosis I, chromosomes in a diploid cell resegregate, producing 4 haploid daughter cells. It’s this step in meiosis that generates genetic variety. DNA replication precedes the beginning of meiosis I. Throughout prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and kind synapses, a step distinctive to meiosis. | <urn:uuid:c94cc9d8-f0da-480c-be72-02abf419bb93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wanderluce.com/blog/how-does-mitosis-happen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.924874 | 1,827 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Normally, trade shows have the impression of being a convention that gathers competing business and brands from varying or specific industry into a single venue where they can market, attract the public, and hopefully generate organic leads for the business. These leads are vital because they could produce you a following, and in return, produce your sales in the future if they are convinced enough.
What others do not think trade shows are is a place where you can establish significant connections with other businesses vital to your industry to make better investment decisions in the future, or for them to be convinced to back you. This is what networking does, and in spite the negative connotation runs these operations, it is effective for a business to start drawing one.
Trade shows are the most convenient places to establish this connection because of the networking sessions that normally happen during large conventions like this. That is why this is vital as well, and not just leads.
That is a good question because where you find stalls for events in Miami maybe enough for your child, but for attracting adults, it is not very attractive to the boatmen.
ESTABLISH MORE CONNECTIONS
Having a best friend to go around with is nice, especially in a convention as large as this. However, there are times when you have to separate yourself with an identity to become successful.
Just as mentioned above, trade shows are events where the best of the industry, startups or not, are gathered in one place making this the perfect time to network. Although, networking sessions are set up by organizers, it does not hurt if you personally visit booths during the trade show. Network at your own pace. Sessions are normally timed, and this hurts your chances for a deeper connection. Having that free time to do so at whatever time limitation you want allows you to discover another company more, and make that informed decision that you might not have when you first started.
MEET YOUR COMPETITION
It does not sound right. Any competitor would not like to be close, all the more become friends, with the enemy. However, no matter how much of a mistake this sounds, it is substantial advice.
Your competition can easily become the inspiration for your next product. This does not necessarily mean you are stealing their idea from them. It simply means they have an idea that you have the opportunity to make better. This is how new products and services come to life – from the idea of another.
The problem is having someone man the fort while you are around gallivanting. If you have a partner, that is good. You can take turns. However, if you are a solo act, then there lies the problem. The solution is having followers who is familiar with your brand like the back of their hand. Bring them over and let them man the station as you go about your business.
ALWAYS SPEAK YOUR PIECE
Trade shows are normally chock full of workshops to help develop the talent around the many industries that are present. When a talk is set-up for the trade show you are participating in, volunteer to become a speaker. This gives you valuable exposure, especially to people that you do not have regular access to. The longer your exposure is, the better it will be for your business.
Of course, make sure that you have a substantive talk, otherwise, it would reflect badly against the company and that would be counterproductive, and all efforts will be for naught.
First time comers might not know this, and their experience might just be belittled by others who have been in the game longer. So, if you still want to volunteer, do so in the next conference. Meet who is responsible for this and ask to be booked as one of the speakers for the convention out.
Do not keep to yourself. Attend social gathering that are held for the event because the more people you become friends with, not only can they become potential customers in the future, but they can help refer you to a friend who might just be the cog you need to push your business even further.
On the other hand, there will be times when you meet an individual who may be spearheading a different industry. Meeting them is still alright. You can use them to lead you to channels that might make your business, products and services, become better, and although you attended trade shows as competitors, this does not mean friendship cannot be made because collaboration in industries are real and a marketing strategy that you should take the opportunity to use.
Establishing connections is vital for business. These are entities that pushes your business forward; making you better. | <urn:uuid:33962cfb-8003-45f1-a5ef-8d30f1ad2a2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newznext.com/establishing-and-creating-connections-in-trade-shows/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.976969 | 944 | 1.609375 | 2 |
India faces the possibility of losing in the trade disputes with the US on its challenge to export subsidies, but the government is working on schemes to make them WTO compliant, an official said today.
“We have a whole lot of challenges in World Trade Organization (WTO)… we respond strongly (but) there is a real possibility that we will lose this dispute because India has crossed the income threshold to be able to give direct export linked subsidies,” Union Commerce and Industry Secretary Rita Teaotia said while responding to a query on the US challenging India”s export subsidies in the WTO.
“What we are now trying to do is WTO compliant,” she said at an event organised by the Indian Chamber of Commerce.
Ms Teaotia said that anything which entails a refund of statutory levy is legitimate for the purpose of exports in trade rules while incentive given only for exports is not legitimate.
“Right now, we have an expert group studying to see what are the WTO compliant support and what are the global practices in a transparent way. This exercise is almost complete. In fact, we are having the first round of presentation next week.
“Hopefully, we would have a draft set of schemes for the discussion in a month or so,” she said.
The Centre is looking to support for regulatory compliance, she added | <urn:uuid:10204c45-c0f6-4a76-99f0-c79e06decc7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.simamills.in/latest-news/india-may-lose-to-us-on-export-subsidies-issue-at-wto-commerce-ministry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961922 | 277 | 1.625 | 2 |
Year C -
3nd Sunday of Easter
Peter, feed my sheep.
1 After these things Jesus showed himself again to the disciples by the Sea of Tiberias; and he showed himself in this way.
2 Gathered there together were Simon Peter, Thomas called the Twin, Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two others of his disciples.
3 Simon Peter said to them, "I am going fishing." They said to him, "We will go with you." They went out and got into the boat, but that night they caught nothing.
4 Just after daybreak, Jesus stood on the beach; but the disciples did not know that it was Jesus.
5 Jesus said to them, "Children, you have no fish, have you?" They answered him, "No."
6 He said to them, "Cast the net to the right side of the boat, and you will find some." So they cast it, and now they were not able to haul it in because there were so many fish.
7 That disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It is the Lord!" When Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he put on some clothes, for he was naked, and jumped into the sea.
8 But the other disciples came in the boat, dragging the net full of fish, for they were not far from the land, only about a hundred yards off.
9 When they had gone ashore, they saw a charcoal fire there, with fish on it, and bread.
10 Jesus said to them, "Bring some of the fish that you have just caught."
11 So Simon Peter went aboard and hauled the net ashore, full of large fish, a hundred fifty-three of them; and though there were so many, the net was not torn.
12 Jesus said to them, "Come and have breakfast." Now none of the disciples dared to ask him, "Who are you?" because they knew it was the Lord.
13 Jesus came and took the bread and gave it to them, and did the same with the fish.
14 This was now the third time that Jesus appeared to the disciples after he was raised from the dead.
15 When they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon son of John, do you love me more than these?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my lambs."
16 A second time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Tend my sheep."
17 He said to him the third time, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" Peter felt hurt because he said to him the third time, "Do you love me?" And he said to him, "Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my sheep.
18 Very truly, I tell you, when you were younger, you used to fasten your own belt and to go wherever you wished. But when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will fasten a belt around you and take you where you do not wish to go."
19 (He said this to indicate the kind of death by which he would glorify God.) After this he said to him, "Follow me." (NRSV)
Inspiration of the Holy Spirit - From the Sacred Heart of Jesus
I appeared several times after my resurrection, before my Ascension into Heaven. I was clothed with my supernatural body, which in its glory was only visible to those to whom I allowed to see it. It was necessary for me to give consolation to the faithful souls who partook of my suffering and to strengthen and give courage to my newly founded Church.
Peter had denied me three times and was still full of guilt. I had chosen Peter to be the head of the Apostles even though I knew of his human weaknesses; after all I had taught him that without me you are nothing. So the time had come to delegate my power and my authority since I was not going to be personally at the command of my flock.
I am the Good Shepherd; I do not leave my sheep unattended. Since they need food, protection, healing and shelter, I entrusted all that care to Peter, my Vicar, the head of my Church.
I asked him three times if He loved me, and of course the answer was “yes Lord, I love you”, this in itself caused healing to his wounds and restored his confidence and dignity as the new Shepherd in charge of my sheep.
I asked him to take care of my sheep and to feed them. On the last supper I had provided the new heavenly manna to feed the world, “my own flesh and my own blood”. I, the creator, had created my self in the consecrated species of bread and wine, which would be consecrated by Peter and all my apostles; and also by those appointed by them as priests. My Church was now secured until the end of times, I was its life then and I continue to be its life now, because my words are spirit and life.
Author: Joseph of Jesus and Mary
homilies - gospel inspirations -
This beautiful collection is available as an ebook
of God - Index | <urn:uuid:cd2a630d-f2dd-4da2-ad0b-61e9e82a68eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theworkofgod.org/Devotns/Euchrist/HolyMass/gospels.asp?key=64 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.990678 | 1,163 | 1.945313 | 2 |
This section provides an overview of how the quality and safety agenda in health care has been informed by evidence and research. Also highlighted is how this evidence has influenced legislation and ensured broader system accountability.
At the end of this section, the learner will understand
- the shifts in philosophical approaches to Quality over time.
- how research and evidence have informed the advancement of quality in health care and informed broader organizational and system change
- the urgency of addressing quality and safety in the Canadian health care system.
- why there is a shift in focus from individuals to the broader system when addressing quality and safety.
- the legislation that ensures health care organizations take accountability for quality in Health Care.
Lecture Video: Historical Overview: Pivotal Studies Catalysts for Change (7:38)
Activity # 1
This brief article summarizes the findings of the Institute of Medicine (IoM) report and highlights the contributing factors and consequences of error in health care. As you review this summary, identify those contributing factors and consequences.
Institute of Medicine (1999). To Err is Human: building a safer health system. Washington D.C., USA Author
Activity # 2
This article describes the Canadian Adverse Events Study and summarizes its findings. As you review this article reflect on what systems and processes in health care might contribute to these adverse events.
Baker G.R., Peter G. Norton P.G. et al. (2004) The Canadian Adverse Events Study: the incidence of adverse events among hospital patients in Canada. CMAJ, 170(11), 1678-1686; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.1040498
Activity # 3
Review this summary of the Excellent Care for All Act. Can you identify elements of this that are visible in your organization? If you do not work in a hospital, identify a local hospital and review its website in order to identify these elements. | <urn:uuid:31da71e2-3204-4312-9b2b-f472ed3795c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/nursingleadership/chapter/a-historical-overview-pivotal-studies-catalysts-for-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.889361 | 395 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Alec Baldwin Compares Mary Boone to a Bank Robber
The court can't just let her return my money, argues Baldwin.
Actor Alec Baldwin is continuing his fight against art dealer Mary Boone, and has come up with a novel analogy in his argument against the New York dealer’s attempt to have the case dismissed.
In 2010, Baldwin bought a Ross Bleckner painting from Boone for $190,000 and now alleges that the painting she delivered is not the one he paid for.
Friday’s filing, in New York Supreme Court, argues for more than a mere refund:
“Dismissing [his] demand for punitive damages, and allowing defendants to pay nothing but compensatory damages (essentially a refund), would be akin to asking a bank robber to simply return the money if caught; it would tell New York’s art dealers that fraud pays,” says the new court filing.
“Mr. Baldwin’s papers say nothing new and his claims are just as false as they have always been,” writes Ted Poretz, attorney to Mary Boone, in an email to artnet News. “We look forward to our day in court and we are confident this lawsuit will be swiftly dismissed.”
Not only is Baldwin comparing Boone to the perpetrator of a bank heist for selling him what he says is a counterfeit of the 1996 canvas Sea and Mirror, he also alleges that he’s not her first victim.
“So steadfast and expert was Ms. Boone in her deception, that it is apparent Mr. Baldwin is not the first customer that she and her gallery had duped,” say court papers.
The filing throws even more shade on Boone by suggesting that she has come down in the world:
Mary Boone was once one of the most prominent New York City art gallery owners, and built her reputation in the 1980s representing artists such as Ross Bleckner, Eric Fischle (sic), and David Salle. … But her star has faded and the success of her gallery has waned as she has lost several critical artists to rival dealers, including Mr. Fischle (sic) and Mr. Salle.
In the meantime, it appears Baldwin is ready to continue his Twitter war with president-elect Donald Trump.
Follow Artnet News on Facebook:
Want to stay ahead of the art world? Subscribe to our newsletter to get the breaking news, eye-opening interviews, and incisive critical takes that drive the conversation forward. | <urn:uuid:3cb63763-278d-46c1-aafa-912ebfdb6073> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.artnet.com/art-world/alec-baldwin-mary-boone-bank-robber-755720 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969393 | 524 | 1.664063 | 2 |
How To locate Drawing Ideas
Artist’s block is common and it can strike anytime. The fine side is that there are some things that you can reach to get drawing ideas. Here are some of the things that you can do:
You could be lacking drawing ideas but in a genuine prudence the ideas might be just there in the past your eyes. If you are sitting in a room, you only infatuation to see approaching the room and you will locate something that you want to draw.
Some of the things that you can locate in your room can be a table, chair, television or anything that might acquire your fancy.
As an artiste you probably know that the shades and textures that you put upon the paper are the ones that determine the setting of your drawing and not the objects that you have drawn; therefore, it doesn’t concern what you have drawn as long as your drawing is of tall quality.
It has been shown that portraits tend to have the funds for you fast inspiration and drawing ideas. One of the easiest portraits that you charm is yours. Here you on your own craving to locate a mirror and magnetism your portrait.
The good side bearing in mind drawing your portrait is that you are always present in the same way as drawing; therefore, you are always understandable as the subject. If you are next a friend, you can ask him/her to let you charisma a portrait of him/her.
Take a walk
Staying in one place for a long time is usually allied when deficiency of ideas. If you locate that you are presidency out of drawing ideas, it’s recommended that you take on a saunter or just sit outdoor for some time.
When outside you should be careful of anything that you can see. This can be light, sounds, smells, colors, temperature, trees, buildings, people, and all else. By simply observing what natural world has to offer, you will most likely find something that you might be keen in drawing.
Once you find something that gets your fancy you should start drawing quickly – this is to ensure that you don’t forget what you were supposed to draw.
Take a look at what new artists have done
Looking at what new artists have ended is bound to provide you some ideas. Here you infatuation to visit your local gallery or art museum. You can with go to the library and peruse the various art books. next the increase of technology, you can along with locate many resources online.
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24 best drawing of shoes images sneakers sketch shoe from vans shoe drawing easy | <urn:uuid:7263179c-fa15-4d1c-9474-bd238a6d5c31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jf-studios.com/vans-shoe-drawing-easy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940732 | 1,437 | 1.539063 | 2 |
This bird is the size of a robin, and can be readily identified by the yellow breast with a black “v” at the neck. It has blackish head stripes, a sharply pointed bill, and a short tail with white outer tail feathers. The winter plumage is somewhat paler. The most reliable way to distinguish between eastern and western meadowlark is by song, but singing is uncommon in winter. These birds may also be confused with dickcissels, but dickcissels are smaller in size, have a different call and do not occur in Oklahoma during the winter.
Approximately 7.5 to 10.2 inches in length. Wingspan of 13.8 to 15.7 inches.
Meadowlarks can be found in grassy fields and pastures, prairies, croplands, weedy fields, grassy roadsides and in old orchards. Eastern meadowlarks can be found statewide, but fewer sightings are recorded in the Panhandle.
At feeders, eastern meadowlarks eat cracked corn, millet and black-oil sunflower seeds. Away from feeders they snatch grasshoppers, crickets, beetles and spiders from the ground and off vegetation. Birds will also forage on seeds in the wild. | <urn:uuid:3a04a604-c883-4e1a-8110-bbc97577666a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.wildlifedepartment.com/wildlife/field-guide/birds/eastern-meadowlark?utm_source=wildlifedepartmentcom&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=SpeciesSpotlight&utm_content=Eastern%20Meadowlark | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952303 | 276 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is the literary language of today’s books, media, and formal communication throughout the Arab World, the region’s principal shared language of written and official discourse. The third book in this new series for the classroom is designed for adult learners of the language at the intermediate stage. Drawing on her years of experience as an Arabic instructor, author Samia Louis has developed a course rich in everyday contexts and real-life, practical language, along with a wide range of grammar-learning strategies to allow students to deploy the language with confidence. Written in accordance with the ACTFL guidelines for teaching Arabic as a foreign language, the course is conceived in such a way to make the study of Arabic language and grammar easier for the student. Divided into five chapters, Book Three addresses the early to middle intermediate Arabic learner. The aim of this book is to help students to read and write articles, essays and texts, using a range of tenses, in correct Arabic grammar. Students will also learn how to communicate orally in a number of different situations, discussing current events, leisure activities, and practical matters. The students’ facility with sentence structure and vocabulary is increased by reading newspapers and listening to news broadcasts, and by writing about real-life interests such as environmental conditions, political issues, sports, and cultural pursuits. The chapters guide students through the gradual acquisition of vocabulary and grammar. Exercises at the end of each chapter cover all essential skills and translation, with emphasis on reading and writing. The accompanying CD includes audio material for all listening activities, dialogs, and reading exercises. The book is further supported by online interactive reading, writing, and grammar drills.
A New Course in Modern Standard Arabic: Book Three
For sale worldwide
Egyptian Colloquial Arabic for the Advanced Learner. 1: Adjectives and Descriptions
Kamal Al Ekhnawy Jamal Ali 24.95
Egyptian Colloquial Arabic for the Advanced Learner. 1: Adjectives and DescriptionsKamal Al Ekhnawy
While most courses in Egyptian Arabic teach the essentials of syntax, morphology, and vocabulary, this first in a series of three books takes the student a step beyond and focuses on colorful expressions used by native speakers. The learner will advance from knowing how to form a good sentence to being able to express his or her thoughts about the ups and downs of daily life using culturally appropriate phrases. This first volume, Adjectives and Descriptions, focuses on the many expressions used to describe people, their characteristics, their behaviors, and their attitudes. Each entry is given fully voweled followed by its feminine form and plural, and definitions (including connotation) and explanations are given in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. Organized as a reference work, the book can also be used as a textbook, as it contains a large number of exercises. Volume 2 focuses on proverbs and Volume 3, on idiomatic expressions....read more
An Intensive Course in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. Volume 2
Abbas Al-Tonsi Laila Al-Sawi Suzanne Massoud 29.95
An Intensive Course in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. Volume 2Abbas Al-Tonsi
Kalaam Gamiil Volume 2 further develops learners’ skills in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic, along parallel tracks of vocabulary and grammar. It is designed to enable students to communicate effectively with native speakers in a wider range of social situations, with a higher degree of accuracy and fluency. It aims to do so by expanding learners’ vocabulary and idiomatic expressions, increasing their command of grammar (both syntax and morphology), as well as instilling a measure of cross-cultural understanding. Structured around more sophisticated topics that go beyond those of daily life conversations to cover social and cultural issues and concepts, each lesson includes two situations (often dialogues), a vocabulary list, preparatory sentences using the new vocabulary items and grammatical structures, explanations of the grammar in English, relevant cultural information, in addition to a variety of mechanical drills and communicative exercises. The book, volume two of a two-part series, focuses on the speaking and listening skills that will enable high intermediate to advanced students to handle a variety of more complicated communicative tasks successfully. Click here to listen to the associated tracks on Soundcloud....read more
Kallimni ‘Arabi Bishweesh
A Beginners’ Course in Spoken Egyptian Arabic 1
Samia Louis 29.95
A Beginners’ Course in Spoken Egyptian Arabic 1Samia Louis
Drawing on her years of experience as an Arabic instructor and course developer, Samia Louis has used a functional approach to create a bright, innovative set of coursebooks for the study of Egyptian colloquial Arabic—the spoken dialect most frequently studied and most widely understood in the Arab world. Now three new books, for beginner, early advanced, and higher advanced students, have been added to the series. Designed according to the ACTFL guidelines for teaching Arabic as a foreign language, each book of Kallimni ‘Arabi trains students through highly structured lessons in the crucial skills, with particular emphasis on listening and speaking, using real-life situations and expressions. The associated audio files carry recordings of the dialogs and exercises in each chapter, made by Egyptian native speakers. Click here to listen to the modules on Soundcloud.
“The books in the [Kallimni ‘Arabi] series altogether present the best Arabic textbooks available . . . miles ahead of most others.”—David Wilmsen, American University of Beirut...read more
fi ta‘lim al-lugha al-‘arabiya li-ghayr al-natiqin biha. Volume 2
El-Said Badawi et al. 27.50
fi ta‘lim al-lugha al-‘arabiya li-ghayr al-natiqin biha. Volume 2El-Said Badawi et al.
This three-part course in Modern Standard Arabic for non-native speakers approaches the language through a series of themed topics—daily life in the Arab world, politics and governance, literature and the arts, science and medicine, astronomy—concentrates principally on listening and speaking skills. In each section, vocabulary is built up as various linguistic structures and strategies are introduced and practiced in a clear introduction to Arabic grammar. A CD accompanies Volume 1, and a supplementary dictionary, al-Mu‘jam al-musa‘id, gives a complete key to the vocabulary of all three books in four languages: English, French, German, and Spanish. Comprehensive and easily digestible, varied and informative, these books make an ideal basis for a classroom-based course in Arabic anywhere in the world....read more | <urn:uuid:5e28c6b9-419b-4a99-8192-465c665f590a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aucpress.com/product/lughatuna-al-fusha-3/?add_to_wishlist=13098 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.91267 | 1,562 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Recorded on June 15, 2022
Within everyday experiences in play, young children build concepts that are foundational in providing a strong base for all future learning.
This session explores how teachers and providers can place play at the center of early childhood curriculum. The panelists describe how to design play spaces as environments for learning, invite children’s playful participation during daily routines, and support children’s play with others, especially when conflicts arise.
Teaching and learning through play require time for reflection, collaboration, and thoughtful planning. Panelists invite you to explore the time, resources, and support teachers and providers need to thoughtfully observe, document, and interpret children’s play.
This archived webinar is the second part of a two-part webinar series developed by the California Department of Social Services, Child Care and Development Division, in partnership with WestEd’s Program for Infant/Toddler Care (PITC).
The series explores the importance of play as a right of childhood and the roles of teachers, providers, and administrators to support authentic play as the foundation for learning in early care and education programs. In addition to highlighting research and policy, practical examples for providers and teachers are shared to emphasize the importance of play in supporting optimal learning and development.
Webinar Moderator: Mary Jane Maguire-Fong
Panelists: Marie Jones and Elizabeth Crocker
For more information about the PITC, visit us online at pitc.org. | <urn:uuid:6a1a8b4e-c89f-42e8-be0d-34d99d5d2241> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wested.org/resources/part-two-play-at-the-center-of-the-curriculum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925336 | 304 | 3.375 | 3 |
Think, Know, Prove is a regular Saturday feature, where a topic with both mystery and importance is posted for community discussion. The title is a shortened version of the Investigative Mantra: What do we think, what do we know, what can we prove? and everything from wild speculation to resource referencing fact is welcome here.
It’s been a quiet week on the Lounge, as I’ve committed myself to catching up on grading the papers, exams and quizzes I’ve already collected this semester (along with the effective writing assessments I’m supposed to have done by Friday) before the end of the weekend. So far, what was an 14 and a half inch pile has shrunk a bit, it’s down to single digits, but not as much as I’d hoped to have it down by now. Still, the slowest of the grading is pretty much done, so I maintain my optimism.
In the middle of the week, while taking a break, I ran across THIS, which reports that teacher morale across the country is way down:
As a result, job satisfaction among public school teachers is plumbing new lows, according to the MetLife Survey of the American Teacher. The survey, conducted by Harris Interactive on behalf of MetLife, found that teacher satisfaction has dropped to its lowest level in more than 20 years, and that the proportion of teachers who report being very satisfied with their work has fallen by 15 percentage points in just two years.
Only 44 percent of teachers surveyed reported being very satisfied with their jobs, compared with 59 percent in 2009…
Some of the findings of the Cutbacks and other economic factors contributed to the decline in job satisfaction. Teachers who expressed low job satisfaction were more likely to work in schools where there had been staff layoffs… Teachers who had seen an increase in the number of students claiming health services or other social services, as well as an increase in the number of students coming to school hungry, were also more likely to report low job satisfaction.
The survey is for K-12 teachers and so doesn’t exactly map to us but I thought it was interesting in light of some of the morale discussions we’ve had here over the last year or so, as well as Don’s recent post on the benefits of a little paranoia.
In other words, I’m wondering about how morale is out there. Worse than four years ago, but better than a year ago? Steadily declining? Steadily improving? Great? Awful? Speak for yourself, speculate about others, provide data or anecdotes–it’s all good here.
What do you think? What do you know? What can you prove? | <urn:uuid:3b027dfe-bb61-42c7-b23b-d952aab8d1a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://haroldlounge.com/2012/03/10/think-know-prove-midterm-morale-edition/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974538 | 554 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Welcome to the main gallery of works done throughout the years by students. Students were encouraged to experiment and explore new materials, methods and tools. Most of the material was sourced from well wishers, from waste material from construction sites and driftwood collected from throughout the country.
The works range from pyrography, coconut shell work, lacquer work and more. With a strong emphasis on preserving and expanding the traditional lacquer works and wood turning, students utilized the methodologies, designs and forms to produce contemporary versions of lacquer turned wooden products.
Creativity Maldives hopes that more people will be inspired by these works and continue the crafts of our forefathers. | <urn:uuid:cffcf0d2-2a07-4b8d-9158-347f8f56fa1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://creativitymaldives.org/?page_id=7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956375 | 136 | 1.960938 | 2 |
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The theme for this year’s World Food Day is “Grow, nourish, sustain! Together. Our actions are our future.” The truth in this theme cannot be overemphasized in the case of Africa. Our actions will define our future. Food and nutrition security has always taken centre stage in development discussions. In recent decades, Africa and a few countries in Asia have contended with high levels of food insecurity. The world target is to achieve “Zero Hunger” by 2030. Recent statistics show that of the 7.5 billion individuals in the world about 25% are food insecure; larger proportions of these individuals are found in Africa and they reside in the rural areas. | <urn:uuid:4df97d8e-4d4d-4c18-a8a0-ff548a07ab45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nourishingafrica.com/data/securing-the-africa-meal-ticket-our-action-will-define-our-future | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.938231 | 157 | 2.453125 | 2 |
If your gardening has directed you down the path of making your own greenhouse, you are probably not just a casual gardener. The connection with nature that you feel while gardening is something magical, and that’s why it’s important to make sure that your actions outside of your garden don’t have a negative impact on the environment.
However, if you’re building a greenhouse, you have the chance to make sure that your actions in your garden aren’t negatively impacting the environment as well. Below are some tips on how to choose eco-friendly and long-lasting materials to ensure that your greenhouse sticks around for years to come.
1. Reuse and Recycle
If you’re able to use used or recycled materials on any part of your greenhouse, you’re immediately being more eco-friendly than if you were using all brand new materials. If your budget means that you have to use plastic on your greenhouse, make sure that you’re using recycled plastic whenever you can. However, if you can avoid using plastic and other materials that have a negative impact on the environment, you will be creating a much more eco-friendly greenhouse.
Make sure that you’re following this rule inside your greenhouse after its construction, as well — if you’re able to reuse pots, planters, or seed starters, try to do so.
2. Use the Right Metal
Make sure that when you’re constructing the metal framing for your greenhouse you’re choosing the right kind of metal to withstand the natural elements in your area. If you use forged parts for your greenhouse, they will have a 37% higher fatigue strength, which means that it will be able to withstand more pressure for longer, resulting in a longer-lasting greenhouse.
The easiest way to make something eco-friendly is to ensure that it will stand the test of time, since even using eco-friendly materials becomes something with a negative impact if you end up having to rebuild your greenhouse multiple times.
3. Use the Proper Coatings
After you’ve finished constructing your greenhouse, make sure that whatever coatings you apply to the outside don’t just act as decoration to your greenhouse, but also as protection for it. These two things are the primary functions that coatings fulfill, so make sure that your coatings are doing both.
4. Make it Modular
Modular construction, or prefabricated construction, is a great way to not only get your greenhouse constructed as quickly as possible but also to ensure that you’re saving energy. It’s been shown that modular construction can reduce energy use during the construction process by approximately 67%. In addition, it can save on future energy costs since it will already be designed and tested to function exactly as it should.
If you’re looking for a modular greenhouse kit, make sure that you’re paying attention to the materials that are being used as well as the assembly required. Will you need to pay for professional installation, or will you be able to construct it on your own at home? This answer will change depending on a few factors concerning the greenhouse, such as the size. If you’ll have to pay for professional installation, make sure to take that into account when you’re budgeting for the greenhouse.
5. Use an Eco-Friendly Watering System
You’ll have quite a few plants in your greenhouse, and they’ll need water. To make sure you’re not raising your water bills and negatively impacting your local water table, consider using rainwater for your plants.
If you place collection barrels under any gutters on your property, you can move the barrels into your greenhouse to help create a more humid environment and to have an easily accessible source to water your plants. If you have a pond or well on your property, you can also use those to fill up water containers to keep in your greenhouse.
6. Use Solar Power
Solar power is a great option for powering anything in your greenhouse that needs to use electricity. A greenhouse is designed with the goal of getting as much light for your plants as it possibly can, which means that it is a prime spot for solar panels.
You can place these inside your greenhouse, whether on a bench or table or even on the floor. You don’t need an extremely large solar panel if you aren’t planning on using it to power too much. Think about what you need before you begin building your greenhouse to make sure that you’ll be able to generate enough power from your solar panels.
For example, if your greenhouse needs additional heating past what you get from the heat being trapped in the greenhouse, consider powering them with solar energy. This way you can still benefit your plants while also limiting your impact on the energy grid.
7. Use a Dirt Floor
If you’re considering installing flooring into your greenhouse, think about using the natural floor that you’ve already been provided instead. A dirt floor is cheap, natural, and easy to “install.” All you have to do is ensure that the ground is solid and even and you’ll have a great floor for your greenhouse that won’t negatively impact the environment around you or your wallet.
8. Use Glass not Plastic
On the outside of your greenhouse, using glass instead of plastic is not only more effective at keeping energy and heat inside the greenhouse, but it’s also much more eco-friendly. Plastic is obviously not eco-friendly, and glass is a much better alternative. If you’re able to invest in double pane glass for your greenhouse, there is a coating on the side of the glass that faces inward that will help keep heat trapped in more effectively than single pane glass or plastic.
Greenhouses are a great way to open up your gardening hobby to a new season and type of gardening. If you want to make sure that you aren’t having a negative impact on the environment when you’re building your greenhouse, make sure to keep these tips in mind.
What materials did you use for your greenhouse? What do you wish you could use?
Image credit: Halfpoint Images via Storyblocks | <urn:uuid:93700198-dfda-448b-9c5a-a2bf18bc06e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greenhomegnome.com/8-ways-make-your-greenhouse-more-eco-friendly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.946229 | 1,288 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Is any time or place better suited to protesting the Trump administration’s immigration policy than the one chosen by Therese Okoumou, the 44-year-old woman arrested for climbing onto the Statue of Liberty on the Fourth of July?
Lady Liberty stands atop 14.7 acres officially named Liberty Island by an act of Congress. The tablet in her left hand is inscribed with the date when a group of American revolutionaries demanded broader liberty via an explicitly universalist manifesto emphasizing a God-given, unalienable right to the pursuit of happiness.
A bronze plaque mounted on the monument declares in immortal verse, “Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand a mighty woman with a torch, whose flame is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles.”
One could object to extolling liberty with a monument; to the universalism of the Declaration of Independence; to the values implied by calling a place Liberty Island; or to the words that this nation of immigrants chose to have inscribed on the monument after they were used to raise money for its erection.
But going to an island so named on the Fourth of July in hopes of drawing public attention to a claim about universal rights, and scaling the Statue of Liberty to protest a president’s antagonism and cruelty toward immigrants, was utterly in keeping with everything that national monument is said to embody.
News that the National Park Service responded by evacuating the entire island still caused many to react by dubbing the protest a “stunt” that wronged tourists, as if the country maintains a monument so conceived to facilitate sightseeing.
In fact, it is maintained as a reminder.
Some bygone Americans broke much more serious laws on the day being commemorated with the similar purpose of drawing humankind’s attention to universal rights––Americans like John Hancock, Josiah Bartlett, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Harrison. (And they weren’t even gathered in a place officially named Liberty Island.)
Most Americans are rightly willing to extol the words those men signed and to admire the grave risks that they took even though some of them were slaveholders.
Whereas Okoumou is at most guilty of three misdemeanors. (On Thursday, she pleaded not guilty to charges of trespassing, disorderly conduct, and interference with government-agency functions.)
Surely we can forgive her that?
If she inspires copycats, perhaps enforcing the laws that she is alleged to have broken will become necessary, next time. The statue’s copper “is only about one-tenth of an inch thick,” The New York Times reports, “and officials feared she could damage the statue.” (Had she damaged it, I’d be all for sending her a repair bill.)
But this time, prosecutors ought to drop the charges against her.
The same goes for any charges filed against the seven arrested beneath the Statue of Liberty earlier that same day for the mere act of hanging “a banner calling for the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement to be abolished.” And the National Park Service should adjust the attitude reflected in what the spokesperson Jerry Willis told news outlets, producing passages like this:
The Statue of Liberty is also a draw for visitors who have come from around the world, and Mr. Willis said that Ms. Okoumou’s actions, which he described as a stunt, ruined the plans of the many others who tried to visit the island.
“It is their one and only chance to come here,” he said. “Unfortunately, we had to clear the island.”
Setting aside the core purpose of the island––Congress authorized the reception of a statue called “Liberty Enlightening the World” and this was the land chosen as its home––the National Park Service was not forced to close Liberty Island, clearing thousands of visitors, because one woman climbed up to the folds of Lady Liberty’s robe and sat down there. It chose to overreact. (And not for the first time.) That so many news outlets uncritically accepted the talking point that the federal government was “forced” to do this, “prompted by security concerns,” evidences a relationship among liberty, bureaucracy, and “risk management” that is unbefitting a free people, especially as it manifested on (again) the place officially named Liberty Island.
Characterizing her expressive protest, Okoumou borrowed Michelle Obama’s bygone phrase, telling reporters Thursday, “‘When they go low, we go high.’ I went as high as I could.” Right or wrong, she embodied the values of the place where she climbed, momentarily drawing the nation’s attention as if to a lit torch held high. A naturalized citizen who immigrated here from the Congo, she appears to be an exemplary fit for “the land of the free and the home of the brave.” | <urn:uuid:357bcbb7-578c-4ae3-8159-26b0203674e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/07/taking-the-statue-of-liberty-seriously/564521/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953164 | 1,046 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Since our last post the amount of new Coronavirus-cases has continued to drop throughout countries in Europe as well as in the Americas, with Asia showing sustained low rates of infection.
China, with the city of Wuhan being the initial epicentre of the Covid-19 outbreak, has lifted almost all of its quarantine-measures that were put in place 2 months ago.
Furthermore, it is expected that Wuhan will fully resume its rail, flight and freight operations by the end of April, according to the vice mayor of Wuhan.
China's Wuhan to fully resume rail, flight and freight ops by end-April: vice mayor
"The vice mayor of Wuhan, epicentre of the coronavirus outbreak in China, said on Wednesday the city aimed to fully resume rail, flight and freight operations by the end of April after a more than two-month lockdown was lifted earlier this month.
Speaking at a press conference, Liu Ziqing also said taxi services would restart in an orderly manner and that operations at ports in the city, which lies on the Yangtze river, would be restored by the end of this month."
Lately we have also been seeing better than expected macroeconomic data from China fanning optimism for a V-shaped recovery.
Exports from China dropped 6.6 percent year-on-year to USD 185.15 billion in March 2020, compared with market estimates of a 14.0 percent fall and after a 17.2 percent plunge in January-February combined, amid the coronavirus pandemic.
Imports to China declined 0.9 percent year-on-year to USD 165.25 billion in March 2020, compared with market expectations of a 9.5 percent drop and after a 4 percent decline in January-February combined, amid signs of improving domestic demand after lockdown restrictions were gradually lifted.
Data from China suggests that a swift recovery in the underlying economy is to be expected in other countries as soon as the virus is brought under control and rates of infection are steadily dropping.
In Europe discussions have surfaced on coordinated guidelines in lifting quarantine-measures as a response to plateauing and declining rates of daily Covid - 19 infections. Austria also became the first European nation to ease quarantine-measures put in place.
Europe Is Planning How to Get Back to Work After Subduing Virus
Austria Tests Easing Lockdown With Some Stores Opening Today
In our previous post we also noted exceptions to these daily trends with the United Kingdom and Sweden being outliers, and currently showing signs of plateauing in their rates of daily infections. Suprisingly, Russia has started to show signs of an accelerated trajectory in novel infections.
In North America, some U.S. states are expected to begin announcing timetables for lifting restrictions. Last Thursday, Trump unveiled guidelines for a staggered, three-stage process by states to lift restrictions on business and social life to curb the pandemic.
Daily new cases have been leveling off in the U.S.
Canada recently extended a closure between the Canadian and the U.S. border for an additional 30 days, despite plateauing rates.
Coronavirus: What's happening in Canada and around the world on Sunday
Interestingly, Mexico has shown an increase in the amount of daily new cases, with believed to be a temporary spike in an otherwise plateauing trajectory.
Markets have reacted favourably to the declining rates of infections and guidance by world leaders in coordinated lifts of restrictive quarantine-measures. The SP500 and the NASDAQ100 have continually risen since the bottom in mid-March, and are 10-15% off their record highs in February.
During the week, all major volatility indices dropped, and the ViX finally breaching below 40. VVIX has also dropped during the week, from 138.65 to 127.15 suggesting markets pricing in the positive developments sorrounding the Coronavirus-pandemic.
Currently earnings season is in full-swing and we believe that market fears surrounding dropped earnings will be overshadowed by the positive news of easing quarantine-restrictions and releases of improved fundamental data at the end of the month or early May from China. We expect high intraday volatility to ensue, with some sectors to be particularly vulnerable, such as oil & gas to weigh on indices.
Therefore, we extend our view to be overweight on equities and long emerging market currencies. We find the BRL/USD pair to show particular potential as a long-trade as it is undervalued relative to other emerging market pairs. | <urn:uuid:daaf74c8-648e-4dcb-9217-40e705bea397> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eastinvest.org/blogs/news/covid-19-light-at-the-end-of-the-tunnel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.957512 | 1,066 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Bennett to UAE
By Micah Halpern
On Sunday Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett travelled to the UAE. It is the first official visit of an Israeli prime minister to the Gulf nation. The invitation to Bennett was extended, in October, by Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed.
Relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates came about as part of the Abraham Accords that were signed last year at the White House, under President Trump.
This high-level trip comes amid heightened regional tension as world powers try to renew a nuclear deal with Iran. Israel has broached the idea of setting up joint defenses with those Gulf Arab states that share its concern over Iranian activities.
But the UAE has recently begun to court Iran, sending a top official last Monday and recently hosting Iranian diplomats.
The office of the prime minister reported that Bennett thanked the crown prince and spoke with the ambassador about bolstering bilateral ties, increasing regional cooperation and strengthening the Abraham Accords.
"The stronger the ties between Israel and the UAE will be the better for regional security and stability," said Bennett.
Read my latest book THUGS. It's easy. Just click.
To reprint my essays contact sales (at) www.featurewell.com | <urn:uuid:0ec1326b-0fdc-449f-bacf-61b14a1dd522> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://micahhalpern.com/archives/005841.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950868 | 256 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Installing Journal Bearings
In this section we will be discussing installing bearing and the techniques
Installing Plain Journal Bearings
Bearing techniques vary from bearing to bearing. Care must be given when installing bearings to make sure alignment is achieved in different applications such as fixed, non self aligning construction.
You can use shims to help in the aide of aligning that are placed beneath the bearing face. If the journal bearing is of the split type, the upper half can be removed to check for alignment after it has been installed and running for a period of time.
If you have improperly installed the bearing, you can tell by a shiny or worn spot on the inner surface, meaning it is not aligned right.
Misalignment that show up as a wear spot on one end of the inner bearing surface will be a wear spot on the other side of the inner bearing surface at its other end.
So when installing, be sure to use lubrication so it will align properly. And so that it will avoid problems for long periods of use.
Let us here from you, send comments, questions or some ways you have found to install bearings in a better way. | <urn:uuid:36a26b0e-f4af-4a90-a8da-e41a0264ec02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.hydrostatic-transmission.com/2016/02/10/installing-journal-bearings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.912534 | 256 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Just the Way I Am (Kobo eBook)
Learn to be proactive with the 7 Oaks gang in this Level 2 Ready-to-Read edition of the first book in the 7 Habits of Happy Kids series from Sean Covey and Stacy Curtis.
Biff the beaver is always making fun of Pokey’s quills. Every day at school he makes jokes about them in front of everyone and no matter how much his friends try to help, Pokey just can’t help but feel bad when Biff says mean things. It isn’t until he learns to ignore Biff that he can stop being so bothered by his comments.
With short lyrical text, each of the Level 2 Ready-to-Reads in this winning series focuses on one habit. | <urn:uuid:e859eb9e-13d3-4d88-a6a7-b213573325a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lowrysbooks.com/ebook/9781534444461 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955355 | 164 | 1.59375 | 2 |
There are now 50 commercial 5G networks around the world
Early adopters of 5G technology have begun to take advantage of numerous initial 5G network rollouts in 2019, according to a statement released by 5G Americas. The data from Ovum showed that there are now four million 5G connections globally as of the third quarter of 2019, an increase of 166% over the second quarter.
Further, there are now 50 commercial 5G networks globally, which adhere to 3GPP standards, and according to data from TeleGeography, that number is expected to increase to 67 5G commercial networks by the end of this year. This current estimation is a slight decrease from TeleGeography’s earlier prediction in September, in which it was predicted that there would be 77 commercial networks by the end of 2019.
Chris Pearson, president, 5G Americas commented that early 5G adopters are “testing the waters” to see what their devices are capable of when paired with the new technology.
“They’re taking advantage of new capabilities now being offered by several 5G networks that have come online over the past quarter. We expect to see a strong ramp up in 2020 as more devices become available and coverage expands throughout the world,” he said.
5G is not alone in its growth. LTE, too, gained an additional 250 million subscriber connections globally in the third quarter of 2019 and has now reached 5 billion connections worldwide. This growth is mainly fueled by customers migrating from older 3G and 2G technologies. In addition, LTE added approximately 1 billion new connections from the third quarter of 2018 to third quarter of 2019.
Latin America and the Caribbean, in particular, has experienced significant, gaining 17 million new LTE connections from Q2 to Q3.
Jose Otero, vice president of Latin America and Caribbean, 5G Americas said that as LTE increases in geographic coverage, more affordable smartphones are becoming available. He added, “Operators [are] adopt[ing] strategies seeking to migrate subscribers to LTE that until recently were using second and third generation services.”
Data from Ovum estimates the number of 5G subscribers will accelerate rapidly through the end of 2019, reaching 12.9 million connections, with 1.3 billion connections expected in 2023. | <urn:uuid:dd2fedc9-0af3-4150-92aa-0da5b21e9fdb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rcrwireless.com/20191213/5g/5g-early-adopters-strong-growth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.963528 | 469 | 1.859375 | 2 |
help alliance has used your miles to create a Safe House in Johannesburg, to help children who have lost one or both parents on their way to living independent lives
Johannesburg is the largest city in South Africa and a place of contrasts. Despite being a progressive metropolis, everyday life in the townships is dominated by poverty, unemployment and a high level of crime. It is also the city with the most street children in the country. These are often victims of psychological and physical abuse, and grow up without a proper family.
The Safe House opened in 2001 when Yvonne Deetlefs, a native of Johannesburg, spontaneously converted her old house to establish it. Since then, it has offered a secure home and a family to abandoned, neglected and abused children from the local townships. The Safe House also allows them to get a school education – an essential foundation for an independent life free from poverty and abuse.
help alliance has been supporting the Safe House project since 2010 – thanks in part to your mileage donations.
Over the past 20 years, the house has become a place of refuge and security for over 100 children. Loving foster and adoptive parents have meanwhile been found for many of the children, both in Europe and in South Africa.
Mickey Lederer (project manager since 2003) is a purser. She says:
“South Africa is a country that I have come to know and learned to love through my profession. But the beauty of the country has not made me blind to the many challenges faced by the people on the ground. I’m glad that we can give our children in the Safe House a secure home and a good education, and I believe it is important to be able to support them on their path through life. It is also important to let the children know that they can rely on us, and by doing so, strengthen their confidence in themselves and others.”
Martina Reiser (project manager since 2002) is a flight attendant. She concurs:
“I also believe in the importance of allowing disadvantaged children to grow up with dignity in a family community. The children in our Safe House experience protection, security and care, and receive an education that allows them to ultimately take control of their lives and work towards specific goals. Over time and thanks to countless long stays on site, we have developed an intense bond with the children – like a family. Our goal from the outset was to provide emotional stability, to safeguard their material needs and to give them a decent education.”
Norah, at the Safe House since December 2006
Norah ran away from home because she was no longer able to endure her domestic situation and many years of abuse. After finding her at a petrol station completely distraught, the police brought her to the Safe House.
Norah is now a self-confident, well-educated and ambitious young woman. Besides studying for a bachelor’s degree in accounting, she works full time in a law firm. She has just started sharing a flat with Cecilia and Nobuhle from the Safe House, and has virtually been standing on her own two feet since July 2021.
Tebogo, at the Safe House since 2001
Tebogo has suffered from infantile cerebral palsy since birth. Her parents failed to collect her from the hospital in Pretoria after brain surgery.
There are no inclusive schools in South Africa – children with mental and/or physical disabilities are often simply passed from one place to another. Funding from help alliance has made it possible to send Tebogo to a suitable special school. She is delighted to be able to attend this special school – and is making continuous progress.
The successful partnership began in 2010 with the acquisition of a school bus. Since 2017, help alliance has been covering all the annual living expenses, schooling, education and training costs, the cost of maintaining the house and providing medical care, as well as the wages for the full-time “mothers”, including social security for their families.
The Safe House has continued to develop from the simple dwelling it was in 2001.
The goal for the future is for all young people from the project to be able to lead an independent and self-sufficient life “beyond the townships”. As in Norah’s case, that means young adults will be able to move into an affordable and secure flat-share when the time comes, and will be able to count on “their” Safe House community until they complete their ongoing education or studies. A support fund is therefore being set up in 2022 to cover all expenses. The project managers remain in close contact with the youngsters even after they move out of the Safe House, as the long-term relationship they have established has created a family bond that will be hugely important for the youngsters in future stages of their lives. | <urn:uuid:97743c10-1a9e-4fe2-a0e4-3ae4bf3ecaac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.miles-and-more.com/at/en/program/at-a-glance/15-years-milestohelp/home-for-orphans.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.978619 | 996 | 1.625 | 2 |
10 ways to help families through the holidays
If you’re like most pediatric primary care providers (PCPs), you’ve seen an increase in child mental health issues due to COVID. Research shows that the pandemic, with its consequent disruption and isolation, has increased adolescents’ risk of trauma, depression, and anxiety.
Families are dealing with grief, the anxiety of whatever “school” means this week or this month, and, in many cases, loss of income. Families of color and low-income families have been hardest hit by the pandemic itself, by the economic and social fallout, and by the attendant impairment of mental health.
And now come the holidays.
Much of what people love about Thanksgiving, Hanukkah, Christmas, Kwanzaa, New Year’s, and other celebrations involves activities we know to be unsafe: traveling, gathering, singing, sharing meals.
Many families will choose to follow CDC guidelines by celebrating within their household. Many children — and adults, for that matter — will experience the effects of safe choices as yet another loss in a year full of losses.
What can PCPs do to help children and families whose pandemic-related struggles get harder during what is supposed to be a celebratory time? Here are our research-based suggestions.
- Put on your own oxygen mask.
Remember that you, too, are stressed and grieving. Take time to breathe, rest, have fun, go outdoors. You, your loved ones, your colleagues, and your patients will all be better for it.
- Help families take the long view.
“Remind families that staying safe now will help them ensure that they will have future holidays with loved ones,” said Ruth Stein, MD, REACH faculty member.
- Redouble your awareness.
No doubt you’ve been alert to patients’ mental health since the pandemic began. The holidays give you an opportunity to ask again how a patient is doing. Patients whose mood has deteriorated the longer they have been deprived of normal socialization may not be aware of the change until you ask.
- Ask open-ended questions.
A conversation starter might be something like “How do you feel about Thanksgiving coming up?” Listen between the lines. Ask follow-up questions to hear what’s really going on with this patient or caregiver.
- Normalize the pain.
Almost everyone is feeling some degree of grief over the loss of holiday traditions. Tell patients and caregivers explicitly that their suffering is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation.
- Use your screening tools.
The tools you received in your REACH training to screen for depression, anxiety, and other disorders can show you whether a fuller assessment is in order. They can also spark conversation about challenges and coping strategies.
- Empower the caregivers.
Family support is a strong predictor of child resilience. Listen to caregivers’ concerns about the upcoming holidays. Educate them about how to deal with their child’s mental health challenges, and help them identify coping tools. Encourage them to be creative about holiday traditions. (See Resources.) For example, said Dr. Stein, “sharing holiday meals remotely on Facetime or Zoom may help them feel more like a celebration.”
- Emphasize the importance of routine.
Children, including teens, need structure. Keeping normal bedtimes and mealtimes — standard advice for reducing stress during any holiday season — is more important this year than ever. Encourage families to keep the holiday rituals they can do safely, such as lighting the menorah or decorating the Christmas tree at home.
- Discuss medication if indicated.
“During COVID I have found that many children and young adults who were managing well with therapy now have become overwhelmed by their emotions to the point they need medication,” said Deborah Buccino, MD, REACH board member. The many losses associated with COVID — loss of normal school or college, of extracurriculars, of the fun things patients normally get to do — add up. “They’re left with a lot of schoolwork on their hands,” noted Dr. Buccino. “Also, isolation means patients spend more time ‘in their head’ with negative thoughts. Plus, they don’t have the friendship connections that research shows can protect people from anxiety and depression.” In these cases, medication may be useful in the short term — six to 12 months as opposed to years — to help patients regain their capacity to use the supports and skills they have in their toolkit so they can get through this tough time.
- Watch for seasonal depression.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), categorized in DSM-5 as “major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern,” commonly begins in young adulthood, but it can affect adolescents. Diagnosis of SAD requires at least two instances of depression that begins in fall or winter and remits in spring. Light therapy is the gold-standard treatment; cognitive behavioral therapy and medication can also be effective. (See Resources.) | <urn:uuid:4f3261a1-36ba-447b-84e2-3631cfe44502> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thereachinstitute.org/10-ways-to-help-families-through-the-holidays/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.948474 | 1,071 | 2.765625 | 3 |
One of the major natural wonders of summer-time is the profusion of butterflies. Some call them flying flowers which is very appropriate given both their beauty and their association with flowers as a source of nectar. Although their variation and diversity can be a source of confusion, it is very helpful to learn the most common species first. So here are some of the most abundant butterflies in our farm yard this week.
At the top of the list are the swallowtails, of which the tiger is the most common. However it is confusing since it comes in a yellow and black morph. All males are yellow as the one shown here on a pink thistle flower, and have narrower black stripes on the fore wing and little blue on the hind wing in comparison with the female. The black stripes, including one right down the center of the body of the yellow morph, seem to have the function of diverting attention away from the body and head. Strangely enough we have few yellow females; most of the females are dark as is the individual shown sitting on burdock in our yard. These “black tigers” show some hints of dark stripes with lots of blue on the hind wing; note how the blue color of the wing is present in individual scales. It is believed that this black tiger morph benefits from being a mimic of the toxic pipevine swallowtail, which would be avoided by predatory birds. The coloration and shape of the hind wing with the tails and orange eye spots is also thought to function as a head mimic, diverting the strikes of predators away from the more vulnerable head and body. But no matter how you analyze this butterfly, it is a thing of beauty as well as some scientific mystery.
Another group of butterflies in these fields are the fritillaries which are much more plainly colored. Although great spangled fritillaries are common earlier in the summer, at the moment variegated fritillaries are seen most often. They are particularly attracted by late blooming butterflyweeds which have come up in fields that were mowed June 25; this removed the fescue and allowed warm season grasses and flowers to thrive. Note how dull in color and camouflaged this species is; clearly it is not advertising its presence. A few meadow fritillaries which are smaller and similarly colored are present and one was seen drinking from some biosolids. The predilection of butterflies to congregate on and drink from various sorts of organic material of animal origin and from water sources which contain salts reflects their need for sodium. This is a common problem with herbivores whose diet is high in potassium but not sodium; hence the common use of salt licks. A large group of orange sulphur butterflies and some eastern tailed blues were also “puddling” along our dirt road sipping up the soil water which must contain the desired sodium. You should be able to see how each sulphur has its proboscis extended into the soil. You can even attract butterflies by putting out wet sand which has a dilute solution of sodium chloride in it.
A common group of butterfly relatives in our yard that are very frustrating to identify are the skippers. We have many of these but I do not attempt to determine more than a few of the species since they are so difficult to tell apart. Skippers have large bodies and short wings which they hold out at an angle. One that is obvious is the common checkered skipper, which is well named. In our Florida yard we have one of the most beautiful and distinctive species, the mangrove skipper. It has iridescent blue streaks and patches.
So do not despair, you can easily learn to identify the common butterflies of your area first, and then progress one by one to the less common and perhaps more difficult species to learn. This bootstrap method of gradual progression in knowledge is a good technique to follow for learning dragonflies or plants or whatever taxonomic group that interests you. While there is nothing intrinsically special about knowing the name of something, it is tremendously powerful to be able to recognize individual species since this is the means by which you can begin to make observations on behavior, ecology and thus look for patterns. I find that pattern recognition is the holy grail of ecology and provides special satisfaction to the nature lover. It explains why I find great pleasure in returning to the same habitats time and time again to see how things have changed, or not.
Bill Dunson, Englewood, FL & Galax, VA | <urn:uuid:ce27b40a-fe56-43b1-ab22-dc3bc30765b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lemonbayconservancy.org/butterflies-the-flying-flowers-of-summer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969439 | 930 | 2.84375 | 3 |
How to solve the problem of abrasion of radial drilling machine guide rail
Relatively speaking, the technology of welding repair and adhesive repair for grinding damage of machine tool guide rail is more complex, especially the correction of large area grinding damage. Therefore, we should think about it in detail before construction.
Zaozhuang Make Machinery Co., Ltd. introduces the problems to be considered after the guide rail of radial drilling machine is worn
First of all, it is necessary to consider whether the selected correction technology has an impact on the accuracy and mechanical properties of the guide rail. For example, most of the welding and adhesive repairs need to be heated, so whether the temperature in the technical process will cause the deformation of the guide rail, and whether it will change the mechanical strength and appearance hardness of the guide rail.
Second, it is necessary to consider the adaptability of the selected correction technology to the guide rail data. For example, the guide rail of cast iron data usually does not use cast iron surfacing, because the weldability of the casting is poor, it is easy to produce cracks, pores and other shortcomings, and it is difficult to process and repair. High welding temperature, easy to cause rail deformation.
Third, we should consider the mechanical strength of the repair layer itself and the actual working environment of the guide rail. For example, we all use tin bismuth alloy stack welding to modify 4m gantry planer guide rail and T68 boring guide rail, because the former guide rail is smooth, the equipment has been used for 20 years, and the condition is still outstanding; the latter one is only three years because of poor smooth conditions and poor working environment.
Zaozhuang Make Machinery Co., Ltd. radial drilling machine ZQ3040, ZQ3050 series are on sale! Radial drilling machine is easy to operate, flexible, wide range of applications, very popular with customers!
Welcome to consult! | <urn:uuid:1a6937c7-3377-48fe-95c6-578504e553c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.articlespool.com/luggage-bags-cases-how-to-solve-the-problem-of-abrasion-of-radial-drilling-machine-guide-rail-461948.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.902943 | 402 | 1.75 | 2 |
NC_015590:1425628 Sinorhizobium meliloti AK83 chromosome 1, complete sequence
Host Lineage: Sinorhizobium meliloti; Sinorhizobium; Rhizobiaceae; Rhizobiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: Environment: Host, Plant root, Root nodule, Soil; Temp: Mesophile; Temp: 25 - 30C. This organism, much like other Rhizobia, forms a symbiotic relationship with a leguminous plant, in this case the alfalfa plant (Medicago sativa). Expression of nodulation genes results in production of a nodulation signal which the plant cell recognizes inducing root nodule formation. The plant cell provides carbon compounds for the bacterium to grow on. | <urn:uuid:cbf83dc1-571c-4361-b97c-fe764bb97eef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pregi.bi.up.ac.za/pre_gi_gene.php?source_accession=NC_015590&gi_accession=NC_015590:1425628 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.736019 | 173 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Back to the basics here at TCI —
Remember when you were sitting in geometry class in high school? Remember the shapes and patterns you learned?
Well we are pulling out all the GEOMETRICS in our current design,
in a modern house build.
How can you incorporate geometrics in a new construction?
Check out these rectangular patterned trim work pieces on this wall. By adding just a simple pattern in a large scale can make a huge impact!
Out with the curvy balusters and in with the geometric shapes.
No need for boring, bland tile …. pop up the color and pattern with tile that looks similar to this! We are using this modern tile in a new TCI build!
A large scale subway tile laid on a straight lay with a stunning accent tile vertically through the pattern brings many different geometric ideas to the table.
One of our favorite tile designs we are currently using:
SO , are you ready to go back to GEOMETRY class for DESIGN? | <urn:uuid:4b7defc8-b5bf-4699-a232-ec0753d159d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://traciconnellinteriors.com/client-project-how-we-are-incorporating/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.915036 | 236 | 1.773438 | 2 |
People Inhale Mine Dust In Kanana Township, Klerksdorp By Mahadio Mohapi
Shaft 10: A Health Hazard to the community of Kanana Township
By: Mahadio Mohapi
Kanana is a small township which is surrounded by gold mines, It falls under the area called “KOSH”, consisting of four towns, namely, Klerksdorp, Orkney, Stilfontein and Hartebeesfontein. This areas all form part of the gold mines in the Matlosana municipality area of jurisdiction.
They are all directly and indirectly affected by the mining activities such as cracked houses due to blasting, polluted air, polluted water, etc.
There are a number of shafts around Orkney, a town closest to Kanana and the most closest of them all is the No 10 shaft, which I think is posing health hazards to the community. Mostly during windy days it is time when you will realize that the health of the members of the community and the animals nearby are compromised because the dust that comes from the mine becomes unbearable.
One will think and wonder about the those residents who are staying in a close view of the No 10 mine, unfortunately their environmental rights are at stake, never ever before did the environmental health inspectors visited their area to determine the extent of the environmental harm and its possible impacts to the people. It is not a surprise to discover that people got sick of T.B, Sinuses, asthma, lung infection and allergies quite often due to the inhaling of the mine dust.
A study done by researchers from the North West University in 2009 showed that the air had was polluted well above the levels set by both The World Health Organisation and the South African Air Quality Guidelines. | <urn:uuid:d068c510-e4bf-421d-bb8e-0eefba7017f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://communitymonitors.net/2014/05/people-inhale-mine-dust-in-kanana-township-klerksdorp-by-mahadio-mohapi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968001 | 365 | 2.484375 | 2 |
That very night, however, took place an event which, in its dramatic suddenness, was no doubt providentially designed to confound the schemes of the plotters, and enable the Object of their hatred to prolong His ministry and consummate His Revelation. An outbreak of cholera, devastating in its virulence, had, since midnight, already smitten above a hundred people. The dread of the plague had entered every heart, and the inhabitants of the stricken city were, amid shrieks of pain and grief, fleeing in confusion. Three of the governor’s domestics had already died. Members of his family were lying dangerously ill. In his despair he, leaving the dead unburied, had fled to a garden in the outskirts of the city. ‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Khán, [the chief constable in Shiraz] confronted by this unexpected development, decided to conduct the Báb to His own home. He was appalled, upon his arrival, to learn that his son lay in the death-throes of the plague. In his despair he threw himself at the feet of the Báb, begged to be forgiven, adjured Him not to visit upon the son the sins of the father, and pledged his word to resign his post, and never again to accept such a position. Finding that his prayer had been answered, he addressed a plea to the governor begging him to release his Captive, and thereby deflect the fatal course of this dire visitation. Husayn Khán acceded to his request, and released his Prisoner on condition of His quitting the city.
- Shoghi Effendi (‘God Passes By’) | <urn:uuid:1e4cb394-2ca0-4076-93d4-e9f98d46ca5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bahaihistoricalfacts.blogspot.com/2020/05/1846-divine-intervention-at-exactly.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.988644 | 347 | 2.375 | 2 |
Germanic Coin found at Kilbeg, Skye
03 April 2019
- News Type:
- Find of the Month
This silver coin was found recently at Kilbeg on the Sleat peninsula of Skye. It is a silver denier of Heinrich II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, minted between 1002 and 1024, probably in Cologne.
This is an unusual find in a number of respects. Scotland at this time did not mint its own coins, nor do we generally find foreign coins circulating here as we do in later medieval times. The only coins we tend to find in northern Scotland at this period are from Viking hoards, where they are sometimes accompanied by hacksilver and objects. Coins from the Germanic Empire are found in a number of Viking hoards of this period in Scandinavia.
In Scotland, there are fewer Continental coins in the Viking hoards, and where coins occur, they tend to be from England, especially from the 11th century onwards. However, there are relatively few 11th century hoards in Scotland, with only the Tarbat, Portmahomack hoard dating to c. 1000 from the Highlands. This too interestingly had Continental coins, though not of Heinrich II. There are two Viking silver hoards containing coins from Skye, but they are earlier, dating to the 10th century.
This coin therefore raises a number of questions. Was it part of a larger hoard? If it is a single find, this in itself is very unusual, since a coin on its own would not have had any purchasing power other than its bullion value. How would it have reached Skye – direct from the Continent or via a Viking raider, trader or settler, perhaps gathered in Scandinavia originally? If the latter, it would provide evidence of Viking activity in the area in the first half of the 11th century. It is also worth remembering that England was ruled by Danish Kings from 1013 to 1035.
The coin was allocated as Treasure Trove to the Museum of the Isles in Armadale Castle.
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- 01/10/2020 The Poolewe Hoard
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- 07/08/2020 Mesolithic bloodstone artefacts from Camas Daraich, Skye | <urn:uuid:00dc1867-c2b9-406e-8221-f2966d1640ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.archhighland.org.uk/news.asp?newsid=285 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956351 | 588 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Before you start
Objectives: Learn the difference between the workstation OS and the network (server) operating system.
Prerequisites: no prerequisites.
Key terms: operating, network, workstation, system, server, windows, design, users, services, run
Workstation Operating System
Workstation operating system are for example, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and similar. Workstation operating system is primarily designed to run applications. Those applications can be text processor, a spreadsheet application, presentation software, video or audio editors, games, etc. Workstation operating systems can run services, but are not really designed for it. By services we mean on services that other users can use on the network. For example, services like DHCP, DNS, FTP, Mail, Web servers, etc. Well, some of that services actually are available on workstation operating systems, but they are not optimized for them. As we know, almost all workstation operating systems support multiple user accounts on the same workstation, but the thing is they are not designed to be concurrent multi-user. Workstation OS are not designed to support multiple users at the same time, meaning they don’t do it very well. Most Windows operating systems have a limit of 10 concurrent users at the time. This limit is applied when we share something on our workstation computer, for example printer or some folder. Only 10 users maximum will be able to utilize our shared resources on the workstation OS. Also, workstation operating systems are designed to run on lower end hardware. That’s why the workstation operating system can run on many different and cheap computers. Examples of workstation operating systems include Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and various Macintosh operating systems as well.
Network (Server) Operating System
Network operating system (NOS) is optimized to do a lot of the things that workstation operating system doesn’t do very well. NOS is often referred to as the server operating system. The difference between a workstation operating system and the network operating system is that the NOS is designed and optimized to provide network services to remote network clients. NOS can also run ordinary applications like a workstation operating system, but it’s not optimized to do it. For example, servers will usually come with relatively low end video board installed. The thing is, most of the time we don’t have to look at the monitor on a network server, since we’re only running services. We only need to look at it when we make some configuration change. Also, often we will have management utilities or consoles which we can use to control our server from our workstations over the network. We can also have web-based applications that we can use to manage our server. Another key difference is that network operating systems are designed and optimized to support concurrent multi-user environment. That means that with the network operating system we can have lots of users all concurrently using resources on our server. The maximum number of supported users depends on the network operating system we use, but the number can range up to 1000 users or even more. Another feature of most network operating systems is scalability. As we said, workstation operating system is really designed to be used by one person the time. With the NOS the server needs to provide the same level of performance with an increasing number of users. This is not always possible, because there is always a limit in which the server will start to degrade in its performance. This is usually related to the number of users connected to the server at the same time. To support all this, the NOS is usually designed to run on higher-end hardware. Another issue with network operating systems is redundancy. The thing is, if the network operating system goes down, then all the client computers that rely on that server stop working. Therefore we need redundancy built into the system. On typical workstation operating system, we usually have only one hard drive, or if we have more we usually use those as separate units. On network operating systems we need various measures implemented to provide redundancy. For example, when one hard drive goes down, we need to have another hard drive that has the copy of the information that was on the hard drive that went down. That way our NOS can continue to work even if something happens to the first hard drive. Similar is with NICs, we can have multiple network boards installed on the server system so if one network card goes down, the other one will continue to work.
One of the most important aspects about server operating systems is the security. Workstation OS provides great security for end-users, but it’s still not as tight as the security offered by the network operating systems. The reason for that is that with the network operating system were providing services to hundred or thousands of concurrent users. Therefore security is critical. We need to define who can access the network operating system and what can they do inside the NOS. To provide the security feature NOS will provide some kind of authentication service. Workstation operating systems also provide some type of authentication by using user names and passwords which reside on local database on the local system. Server operating system allows us to use some type of directory service, which can be used to represent every resource in the network as an object in the directory tree. That way we can assign permissions to different objects in the tree, which controls what they can do.
Workstation operating systems are optimized to run applications, and are not intended to provide network services. Workstation OS can support multiple users, but have a limit on how many users can work concurrently. Workstation OS usually designed to run on lower-end hardware. Network operating systems are optimized to provide services to remote network clients. NOS can support many concurrent multi-users, and are highly scalable. They are designed to run on high-end hardware, and rely on redundancy. With redundancy the server can continue to work even if something on it fails. Server OS usually provides and requires high security implementations. | <urn:uuid:f17e950a-e79f-45b7-bee7-b3986c7f0388> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utilizewindows.com/difference-between-the-network-and-the-workstation-operating-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947959 | 1,252 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Modern era telephone systems are a far cry from all that was available in the not so distant past. Systems that required expensive PBX hardware, involved a complex setup, in-depth training on how to use them and then, to add insult to injury, effectively being tethered to the desktop while doing so!
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone systems makes good sense for most small and medium-sized businesses. Recent research has found that almost one-third of all businesses are now using VoIP systems. With VoIP, voice data is sent digitally via an internet connection rather than old-style analog transmissions using conventional phone cables plugged into outlets and connected to a public switched telephone network (PSTN). VoIP first became available during the 1990s and went through many growing pains resulting from poor quality due to technology and bandwidth limitations.
Since those early days VoIP technology, alongside widespread availability of broadband access to the internet has transformed the appeal of VoIP based systems.
VoIP systems are now able to take advantage of advanced high-definition codecs that have vastly improved the voice quality, making modern VoIP networks sound-quality at least as good as landline networks. In addition to better sound quality, access to cloud-based services is also making VoIP a more viable option for small businesses. Rather than having to run special wiring and install special equipment, companies that choose a cloud-hosted VoIP phone solution don't need to purchase any equipment or employ an IT staff to install and maintain it.
The advancement of VoIP technology and its relatively low cost make VoIP an ideal choice for small and medium-sized business.
Best for small business:
Cloud-based Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems that don't require expensive PBX hardware or a trained IT staff to set up or maintain.
Best for small offices:
Systems which work best for businesses with up to 20 employees, can be set up in minutes and require no special wiring or phones. Inclusive of a variety of features that allow small offices to present themselves in a professional manner, such as an auto-receptionist, ring groups, and voicemail-to-email .
Best virtual systems:
Specifically designed for businesses with "on-the-go" employees. Services that connect business phone lines to remote workers on their mobile and home phones. Including a wide range of features – such as a mobile app and the use of a softphone on the employee's computer.
Best for call centers:
Phone systems with all the tools and features a business needs to run a professional call center. Systems that offer a wide range of flexibility in terms of hosting options – on-premises or cloud-based – and service plans. Call center services include a variety of call queue options, integrations with numerous CRM solutions and call recording. Also offered with a variety of valuable supervisor tools, including the ability to listen in on agent calls.
Please visit our On-line Store to see our full line of products. | <urn:uuid:46832bed-46b7-4f5f-a523-3773eb4a5280> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.centexop.com/Products/Product?productMenuText=Business%20Phone%20Systems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.95206 | 618 | 2.078125 | 2 |
This is great news! Remember Rock Garden’s open-air theatre – where they would show a 20-min documentary on his life? Many of us would have watched it as kids. It had been closed down in the late 1990s. But now after two decades, Chandigarh Administration have decided to reopen it and we couldn’t be more excited about it.
To mark Nek Chand’s 92nd birth anniversary on December 15, UT Admn. is making all sorts of efforts to make the open air theatre functional. Other events have also been organised for the occasion – cultural functions and competitions for students. Anoop Jalota, the famous bhajan singer will perform in Rock garden at 4.30 pm.
Other Features to be Added or Renovated at the Rock Garden
- Automated entry and exits – Visitors will have automated entry and exit. This would be done with the help of tokens.
- Renovation of the guesthouse – The 3-bedroom guest house in the Rock-garden will be refurnished. It had remained closed for the last 30 years.
- Addition of new furniture – New furniture would be added to the guest house’s furnishings.
Anurag Aggarwal, UT home secretary said, “The theatre was non-functional for the last two decades. As far as automated entry is concerned, there were lots of complaints about the entry. Also, with this we would come to know the exact number of visitors.”
Facts About Rock Garden
Rock garden is spread over 40 acres of land in Sector – 1. Over 5000 tourists visit it everyday. Most of the construction is done out of industrial and urban waste, primary ceramic scrap. Nek Chand, a road inspector, would secretly build structures in the unused forest area. When it was discovered, it was appreciated by government officials. The garden was officially opened to the public on Jan. 24, 1976.
A revenue of Rs 30 Lakhs approximately is generated per month. It is one of the most popular and profitable tourist spots in Chandigarh.
(News Source – HT Chandigarh)
(Image Credits – Google Images) | <urn:uuid:a321c372-52f9-4ad4-b257-05ec0d541d22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chandigarhx.com/rock-garden-open-air-theatre-reopens-on-nek-chands-birth-anniversary-know-more/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.972946 | 453 | 1.515625 | 2 |
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- decorative ceiling tiles | <urn:uuid:e144eb9a-6180-4803-a497-2058d3addcfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://detail.en.china.cn/provide/p169156301.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.876142 | 990 | 1.625 | 2 |
Psalms 3:3 But thou, O LORD, art a shield for me; my glory, and the lifter up of mine head.
It is not what men say that counts, it is what God says, you will rise again. After suffering the humiliation of his own son overthrowing him as King and his life in danger, some thought that this was it for David. Men say, “There was no help for him in God”. David had too much history with God to accept that as his lot. Accordingly, he highlighted in Psalms 3:3 three roles that God plays in his life that made him certain that he would rise again. The first role David mentioned was that “God was a shield for me”. His life was threatened but he was not depending on man-made devices to protect him, God was his shield. That means that for Absalom and his men to get to David they had to first get past God, which was not going to happen.
The second role that David stated was that God was “my glory”. What David was communicating was that even though he lost the Kingdom, he had not lost his honor. Man cannot take from you what is not theirs to give in the first place. David’s honor was the product of his relationship with God. Because he honored God, he was sure that God would honor him. The final role that David expected God to play in the situation was that of the lifter of his head. As the lifter of his head, God would remove his shame and cause him to rise again. God’s protection and honor would be enough for him to rise again. The story ended with Absalom being killed in the battle with David’s men and David being restored to his throne.
It is hard to find a situation worse than the one that David was in, but he rose again. God will do the same for you.
Life Application: Maintain your confidence in God despite how the situation may look by honoring Him and He will protect and honor you.
Prayer: Lord, thank you for being the lifter of my head. Thank you for lifting me up during the most difficult points in my life. In Jesus’ name, amen. | <urn:uuid:b98b50fa-11c4-41f0-afb1-a3162bb285b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailyrowe.com/2022/06/05/you-will-rise-again/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.995171 | 475 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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Governors of the State of New York
Source: Official Records (The order of succession, if the Governor dies or resigns is--Lieutenant Governor; the President of the Senate; the Speaker of the Assembly.) The term has been lengthened to 4 years, after Dec. 31, 1938. First Dutch Period. William Tryon, Gov..
26, 1775 Adriaen Jorisszen Tienpoint, Director..
1623 James Robertson, Gov
March 23, 1780 Cornelis Jacobzen Mey. Director
1624 Andrew Elliott, Lieut.-Gov. ....April 17, 1783 William Verhulst, Director..
Robertson and Elliott were Military Governors Peter Minuit, Director Gen,
during the Revolutionary War, but were not recogBastiaen Jansz Krol, Director Gen ch 1632
nized by the State of New York. Wouter Van Twiller. Director Gen.. April
1633 William Klett, Director Gen.. March 28, 1638
Government by the Provincial Congress. Petrus Stuyvesant, Director Gen... May 11, 1647
Peter Van Brough Livingston... May 23. 1775
Nathaniel Woodhull, Pres. protem August 28, 1775 Under Dutch rule the powers of government, Abraham Yates Jr., Pres. pro tem. November 2, 1775 civil and ecclesiastical, were vested in the Director
December 6, 1775 of the West India Company and his Council. John Haring, Pres. pro tem.... December 16, 1775 First English Period.
February 12, 1776 Richard Nicolls, Gov..
. Sept. (n.s.) 8. 1664
John Haring, Pres. pro tem. June 19, 1776
August 17, 1668 Francis Lovelace, Gov...
9, 1776 Abraham Yates jr., Pres. pro tem.August 10, 1776 Second Dutch Period.
Abraham Yates jr...
August 28, 1776 Cornelis Evertse & War Council. . Aug. (n.s.) 12, 1673 Peter R. Livingston
September 26, 1776 Anthony Colve, Gov. Gen...... Sept. (n.s.) 19, 1673 Abraham Ten Broeck
March 6, 1777
William Smith, Pres. pro tem... April 9. 1777 Second English Period (Early Colonial).
Pierre Van Cortlandt, Vice-Pres. April 11, 1777 Edmond Andros, Gov.
Nov. (1.8.) 10, 1674 Leonard Gansevoort, Pres. protem April 18, 1777 Anthony Brockholls, Lieut.-Gov. November 16, 1677 Pierre Van Cortlandt, Vice-Pres. April 21. 1777 Sir Edmond Andros, Gov.. August 7, 1678 Abraham Ten Broeck.
April 28, 1777 Anthony Brockholls, Gov.. Jan (n.s.) 13, 1681 Pierre Van
May 14, 1777
Residence Elected Henry Sloughter, Gov
March 19, 1691 Richard Ingoldesby, Commander
George Clinton. Ulster Co. July in-Chief July 26, 1691
9, 1777 John Jay
New York City. April, Benjamin Fletcher, Gov.
1795 . August 30, 1692 George Clinton.
Ulster Co April, 1801 Earl of Bellomont, Gov.
April 2, 1698
1804 John Nantan, Lieut.-Gov. May
April, 16, 1699
Daniel D. Tompkins Richmond Co... April, Earl of Bellomont, Gov. 24, 1700 John Tayler
March, 1817 Provincial Council. . . March 5 to May 19, 1701
De Witt Clinton.. New York City
1817 John Nantan, Lieut.-Gov. May 19, 1701
Joseph C. Yates. Schenectady Nov. 6, 1822 Lord Cornbury, Gov...
De Witt Clinton.. New York City. Nov. 3, 1824 Lord Lovelace, Gov..
December 18, 1708
Nathaniel Pitcher., Sandy Hill Feb. 11, 1828 Peter Schuyler, Pres. of Council. May
Martin Van Buren. Kinderhook, Nov. 5, 1828 Richard Ingoldesby, Lieut.-Gov. May
Mar. 12, 1829 Gerardus Beekman, Pres. of
William L. Marcy Troy.
Noy. 7, 1832 Council...
. April 10, 1710
Nov. 7, 1838 Robert Hunter, Gov.
June 14, 1710
William C. Bouck... Fultonham Peter Schuyler, Pres, of Council. July 21, 1719
Nov. 8, 1842 Silas Wright.. Canton
Nov. 5, 1844 William Burnet, Gov.
September 17, 1720
Nov. 3. 1846 John Montgomerie, Gov.
April 15, 1728
Hamilton Figh.. New York City. Nov. Rip Van Dam, Pres. of Council, July 1, 1731
Washington Hunt... Lockport.. Nov. 5, 1850 Wiliam Cosby, Gov..
. August 1, 1732
Horatio Seymour. Deerileld. George Clarke, Pres. of Council. March 10, 1736
Nov. 2, 1852
Myron H. Clark. Canandaigua.. Nov. 7, 1854 George Clarke, Lieut.-Gov. October 30, 1736
John A. King. Queens Co. Nov. 4, 1856 George Clinton, Gov..
September 22, 1743
Edwin D. Morgan. . New York City. Nov. 21858 Andros was Governor of New England, New York Horatio Seymour. Deerfield
Nov. 4, 1862 and New Jersey.
Reuben E. Fenton, Frewsburgh Nov. 8, 1864 Before 1709 the administration of government. John T. Hoffman, New York City. Nov. 3, 1868 when the offices of Governor and Lieutenant-Gov- John A. Dix. New York City. Nov. 5, 1872 e.nor was vacant, was vested in the Council, the Samuel J. Tilden. New York City. Nov. 3. 1874 right to preside being lodged in the eldest Councilor. Lucius Robinson.. Elmira,
Nov. 7, 1876 From 1702 to 1738 New York and New Jersey Alonzo B. Cornell. New York City. Nov. 4, 1879 had a joint executive, and Lord Cornbury was the Grover Cleveland. Buffalo.
Nov. 7, 1882 first joint incumbent.
David B. Hill
Roswell P. Flower. New York City. Nov. 3, 1891 Third English Period (Pre-Revolutionary).
Levi P. Morton.. Rhineclid. Nov. 6, 1894 Sir Danvers Osborne, Gov... ... October 10. 1753
Frank S. Black.. Troy.
Nov. 3, 1896 James De Lancey, Lieut.-Gov... October 12, 1753 Theodore Roosevelt. Oyster Bay Nov. 8, 1898 Sir Charles Hardy. Gov... ... September 3. 1755 Benj. B. Odell jr.. Newburgh. Nov. 6, 1900 James De Lancey, Lieut.-Gov... June 3, 1757 | Frank W. Higgins. Olean.
Nov. 8, 1904 Cadwaliader Colden, Pres. of
Charles E. Hughes. New York City Nov. 6, 1906 Council. ..:: August 4, 1760 Horace White. Syracuse
Oct. 6, 1910 Cadwallader Colden, Lleut-Gov. August 8, 1761 John A. Dix.
Thomson Nov. 8, 1910 Robert Monckton, Gov.
October 26, 1761 William Sulzer. New York City, Nov. 5, 1912 Cadwallader Colden, Lieut.-Gov. November 18, 1761 Martin H. Glynn. Albany
Oct. 17, 1913 Robert Monckton, Gov.
14, 1762 Charles S. Whitman New York City Nov. 3, 1914 Cadwallader Colden, Lieut.-Gov. June 28, 1763 Allred E. Smith New York City. Nov. 5, 1918 Sir Henry Moore, Goy November 13, 1765 | Nathan L. Miller. Syracuse
Nov. 2, 1920 Cadwallader Colden, Lieut.-Gov.September 12, 1769 Allred E. Smith. New York City. Nov. 7, 1922 Earl of Dunmore, Gov.. .October 19, 1770 F. D. Roosevelt Hyde Park Nov. 6, 1928 William Tryon, Gov
9, 1771 Herbert H. Lehinan. New York City. Nov. 8, 1932 Cadwallader Colden, Lieut.-Gov.April 7, 1774 | Lehman was reelected in 1934, 1936 and 1938.
NOTES ON TABLE OF GOVERNORS
Cleveland (1882) resigned Jan. 6, 1885, to become time when the Governor should enter on the duties of his office. Gov. Clinton was declared elected President of the United States, and Hui. the Lieu
tenant-Governor, succeeded him as Governor, and July 9, and qualized on July 30. On Feb. 13, 1787.
was elected Nov. 6, 1885, for a full term. an act was passed for regulating elections, which
Hughes (1906) resigned as Governor, Oct. 6. provided that the Governor and Lieutenant- 1910, to become a Justice of the Supreme Court Governor should enter on the duties of their re- of the United States, and was succeeded as Govspective offices on the 1st of July after their ernor by Lieutenant-Governor Horace White. election.
Glynn (1913) was Lieutenant-Governor and beThe Constitution of 1821 provided that the came Governor Oct. 17, 1913, when Sulzer, who Governor and Lieutenant-Governor should. after I was impeached, was removed from office.
CITY OF NEW YORK
Source: Legislative Manual of the State Manhattan Island, the present Borough of Man-, public expense. hattan, was discovered by Henry Hudson on Sep- On July 9, 1776, in the presence of George Washternber 11, 1609. In 1613, the first habitations for ington, the Declaration of Independence was read white men were built by Adrian Block, where 41 to the American troops quartered in New York, Broadway now stands. On May 6, 1626, Peter near the site now occupied by the City Hall. DurMinuet, appointed Director-General of New Neth- ing the same year construction started on the first erland, purchased Manhattan Island from the In- waterworks to supply the city through wooden dians for trinkets valued at about twenty-four pipes. The English captured the city on Septemdollars, and the town with a population of less ber 14, 1776, and it was not until November 25, than 200 was named New Amsterdam.
1783, that the city below Fourteenth Street was The first wooden church was erected in 1633. again under the control of the Americans. The Two years later Fort Amsterdam was built on final step in the establishment of the first Ameriwhat is now the site of the Custom House, In can city government in New York City was com1642 the first public meeting place was built on pleted on February 5, 1784, when Governor George the site of 73 Pearl Street in 1653 a wall was Clinton appointed James Duane as the first Mayor. built along what is now Wall Street, as a protec- By 1790 the city extended from the Battery to tion against attack, being extended along Rector the lower end of City Hall Park, and its population Street in 1673.
was 33,131. New York was the capital of the New Amsterdam, with a population of about 800, Nation from 1785 to 1790, and the capital of the was incorporated as a city on February 2, 1653 State until 1797. On August 11, 1807, Robert FulThe first street was paved in 1657, this running ton's steamboat, the "Clermont.' made its trip between Broad and Whitehall Streets. On March from New York to Albany in thirty-two hours. In 12, 1664, King Charles II of England granted all 1832 the first horse railroad in the world started on the Dutch land in America, covering what is now Fourth Avenue. In 1844 the first uniformed police New York, New Jersey and a part of Connecticut, force in New York City was organized. On May 2, to his brother James, Duke of York. The city 1865, the first paid fire department was organized was captured by the English on September 8 of On May 24, 1883. the first bridge to span the East that year and it was then named New York after River, the Brooklyn Bridge, was opened. The the Duke of York. Thomas Willett, of Plymouth, Statue of Liberty was unveiled on October 24, 1886. was appointed the first Mayor, taking office in The first excavation for the earliest subway was June, 1665. On August 9, 1673, the city was re- made on March 24, 1900; it became operative on captured by the Dutch, who named it New Orange, October 27, 1904. In 1908 the Hudson River tunafter the Prince of Orange. In November, 1674, nels were opened to Jersey City, and on March 30, New Netherland, including the city of New Orange, 1909, the Queensboro Bridge was opened and on was ceded to England, and the province and the December 31 in the same year the Manhattan city renamed New York.
Bridge was completed. The Holland Tunnel, under On December 8, 1683, the city was first divided the Hudson River, the largest vehicular tunnel in into wards, each of the six with an alderman. On the world, was started October 12, 1920, and comApril 27, 1686, the first charter was granted. The pleted November 12, 1927. On September 21, 1927, first printing press was set up on April 12, 1693, construction was begun on the George Washington and on October 16, 1725, the first newspaper in Bridge and it was officially opened October 25, 1931. New York was founded. A new city hall was New York County became Manhattan Borough completed at Broad and Wall streets in 1700, this on Jan. 1, 1898; Kings County became Brooklyn becoming "New Federal Hall," and on April 30, Borough; and that part of New York County just 1789, George Washington there took oath of office north of the Harlem River (the upper slice of as first President of the United States. The first which had been taken from Westchester County) city library was founded in 1754. In 1756 a stage became Bronx Borough; Queens County became route was started between New York and Phila- Queens Borough; and Richmond County (Staten delphia. In 1762 the streets were first lighted at Island) became Richmond Borough,
Mayors Since 1665
Mayors Terms 1 Thomas Willett
36 Robert Lurting. 1726-1735 71 A. C. Kingsland... 1851-1853 2 Thomas Delavall. 1666 37 Paul Richard
1735-1739 72 J. A. Westervelt... 1853-1855 3 Thomas Willett.. 1667 38 John Cruger, Sr. 1739-1744 73 Fernando Wood... 1855-1858 4 C. Steenwyck. 1668-1670 39 Stephen Bayard.. 1744-1747 74 Daniel F. Tieman 1858-1860 5 Thonius Delavall, 1671 40 Edward Holland.. (1747-1757 75 Fernando Wood... 1860-1862 6 Matthias Nicolls.. 1672 41 John Cruger, Jr... 1757-1766 76 George Opdyke.. 1862-1864 7 Johu Lawrence. ...
1673 42 Whitehead Hicks.. 1766-1776 77 C. G. Gunther... 1864-1866 8 William Dervall... 1675 13 D.Matthews, Tory 1776-1784 78 John T. Hoffman, 1866-1868 9 Nicholae de Meyer 1676
James Duane. 1784-1789 79 T. Coman (Acting) 1868 10 S. van Cortlandt. 1677
45 Richard Varick 1789-1801 80 A. Oakey Hall 1869-1872 11 Thomas Delavall,
46 Edward Livingston 1801-1803 81 W. F. Havemeyer. 1873-1874 12 Francis Kombouts. 1679 47 De Witt Clinton, 1803-1807 82 S.B.H. Vance(Act.) 1874 13 William Dyre... 1680-1681 48 Marinus Willett... 1807-1808 83 Wm. H. Wickham. 1875-1876 14 C. Steenwyck 1682-1683 49 De Witt Clinton. 1808-1810 84 Smith Ely.
1877-1878 15 Gabriel Minville. 1684 50 Jacob Radcliff... 1810-1811 85 Edward Cooper... 1879-1880 16 Nicholas Bayard, 1685 51 De Witt Clinton. 1811-1815 86 William R. Grace. 1881-1882 17 S. van Cortlandt.. 1686-1688 52 John Ferguson.. 1815 87 Franklin Edson. 1883-1884 18 Peter Delanoy. 1689-1690 53 Jacob Radcli. 1815-1818 88 William R. Grace. 1885-1886 19 John Lawrence.
1691 54 C. D. Colden. 1818-1821 89 Abram S. Hewitt. . 1887-1888 20 A. De Peyster. 1692-1694 55 Stephen Allen, 1821-1824 90 Hugh J. Grant.. 1889-1892 21 Charles Lodwick. 1694-1695 56 William Paulding 1825-1826 91 Thomas F. Gilroy 1893-1894 22 William Merritt.. 1695-1698 57 Philip Hone
1826-1827 92 William 1. Strong 1895-1897 23 J. De Peyster... 1698-1699 58 William Paulding.. 1827-1829 93 R. A. Van Wyck. . 1898-1901 24 David Provost. 1699-1700 59 Walter Bowde... 1829-1833 94 Seth Low
1902-1903 25 Isaac De Reimer. 1700-1701 60 Gideon Lee.
1833-1834 95 G. B. McClellan. 1904-1909 20 Thomas Noell... 1701-1702 61 C. W. Lawrence.. 1834-1837 96 William J. Gaynor. 1910-1913 27 Philip French... 1702-1703 62 Aaron Clark.
1837-1839 97 Ardolph L. Kline(A) 1913 28 WHliam Peartree.. 1703-1707 63 Isaac L. Varian 1839-1841 98 John P. Mitchel.. 1914-1917 29 Ebenezer Wilson. 1707-1710 64 Robert H. Morris 1841-1844 99 John F. Hylan... 1918-1925 30 J. van Cortlandi. 1710-1711 65 James Harper 1844-1845 100 James J. Walker. 1926-1932 31 Caleb Heathcote. 1711-1714 66 W. F. Havemeyer. 1845-1846 101 J.V. McKee (Actg.) 1932 32 John Johnson 1714-1719 67 Andrew H. Mickle 1846-1847102 John P.O'Brien... 1933-1933 33 J. van Cortlandt. 1719-1720 68 William V. Brady 1847-1848 103 F. H. LaGuardia, 193434 Robert Walters.. 1720-1725 69 W.F. Havemeyer. 1848-1849 35 Johannes Jansen. 1725-1726 70 Caleb S. Woodhull 1849-1851
Mayor Walker resigned on Sept. 1, 1932, during ordered a special election, and, on Nov. 8. 1932, proceedings for his removal, conducted by Gov. John P. O'Brien, a surrogate of New York County, F. D. Roosevelt. He was succeeded by Joseph V.
was chosen by the voters to be Mayor for the McKee, President of the Board of Aldermen, who claimed the right to serve until the end of Walker's balance of the Walker term, succeeding the Acting term, Dec. 31, 1933; but the Court of Appeals Mayor, Jan. 1, 1933.
Board of Estimate
Fiorello H. LaGuardia.. $25,000 Boroughs: Deputy Mayor. Rufus E. McGahen. (a) Manhattan. E. J. Nathan, Jr.
15,000 Comptroller... Joseph D. McGoldrick 20,000 | Bronx
James J. Lyons.
Brooklyn. John Cashmore.
15,000 The Council..... Newbold Morris..
15,000 1 Queens
15,000 Richmond.. Joseph A. Palma,
15,000 The Mayor, Comptroller, and President of the cil have 3 votes each; Borough Presidents of Manhattan and Brooklyn, 2 each; other Borough Presidents, I each. Secretary to the Board: Anna H. Clark, Rm. 1356, Municipal Building, Manhattan, Terms of members of the Board expire Dec. 31, 1945. (a) Rufus E. McGahen is also a Commissioner of the Board of Water Supply ($12,000 yearly): receives no salary as Deputy Mayor.
The City Council
Walter R. Hart, D. George E. Donovan, D. Meyer Goldberg. R.
Charles E. Keegan, D. P. V. Cacchione, Comm. James A. Phillips, D. Stanley M. Isaacs, F.
Joseph E. Kinsley, D. Mrs. Rita Casey, D. John M. Christensen, R. Rev. A. C. Powell, Jr., Salvatore Ninfo, AL. Louis Goldberg. Lab. William N. Conrad, D. P., AL,
Mrs. G. W. Klein, AL. William M. McCarthy, D. Hugh Quinn, D.
Frederick Schick, D.
Departments and Bureaus of the City Government
(All Manhattan, Municipal Bldg., unless otherwise stated) Accounts(See Investigation, Department of.) William C. Chanler, Corporation Counsel ($17,500). Art Commission of the City of New York- Licenses, Department of-Paul Moss, commis(Passes on the designs of all public buildings and sioner ($10,000), 112 White St. works of art intended for public places). Executive Markets, Department of - William Fellowes MorSecretary--A, Everett Peterson, City Hall.
gan, Jr. ($10,000), 137 Centre Street. Assessors, Board of- Frederick J. H. Kracke, Parks, Department of Robert Moses, commischairman ($8,500).
sioner ($13,500), Arsenal Bldg., Fifth Ave. and Budget, Bureau of-Kenneth Dayton, director 64th Street. ($12,000).
Parole Commission-John C. Maher, chairman Civil Service Commission, Municipal-Paul J. ($8,000); Mary A. Frasca and Samuel J. Battle Kern, president ($8,500); Ferdinand Q. Morton ($6,000 each). The Commissioner of Correction and Wallace S. Sayre ($6,500 each).
and the Police Commissioner are ex-officio memComptroller-Joseph D. McGoldrick ($20,000). bers. Secretary-John J. Devitt ($3,500), 100
Correction, Department of Commissioner (va- Centre Street. cancy) ($11,000), 139 Centre Street,
Police Department-Lewis J. Valentine, commisDocks, Department of John McKenzie, commis- sioner ($12,500), 240 Centre Street. Vincent E. sioner ($10,000), Pier "A", North River.
Finn, chief clerk. Education, Board of --James Marshall, president; Public Service Commission-- (This is a part of Ellsworth B. Buck, vice-president.
the State Government and is put here for reference Other members of the Board: William R. Crowley, purposes.) The commissioners are appointed by Daniel Paul Higgins, Mrs. Johanna M. Lindlot, the Governor with consent of the Senate Milo R. Dr. Alberto C. Conaschi and James G. McDonald Maltbie, chairman; George R. Van Namee, George They serve without pay. Located at 110 Livingston R. Lunn, Neal Brewster and Maurice C. Burritt St., Brooklyn.
($15,000 each); State Office Bldg., Albany, N. Y.; The Board of Superintendents consists of the N. Y. City branch, State Office Bldg., Manhattan. Superintendent of Schools, the Deputy Superin- Murray G. Tanner, secretary (Albany); Harold tendent and seven Associate Superintendents. N. Weber, executive secretary (Manhattan). The
The Superintendent of Schools (Harold G. Camp- Transit Commission, Metropolitan Division-Wilbell) receives $25,000; associate superintendents, liam G. Fullen, chairman; Reuben L. Haskell and $12,500.
M. Baldwin Fertig ($15,000 each); 270 Madison Education, Board of Higher-Ordway Tead, Avenue chairman; Carrie K. Medalie, secretary. The Public Works, Department of-Irving V. A. Board consists of 21 citizens who are residents of Huie, commissioner ($12,000). the city, appointed by the Mayor, and the presi- Purchase, Department of Russell Forbes, comdent of the Board of Education, an ex-officio missioner ($10,000). member. Terms of appointed members 9 years. Sanitation, Department of-William F. Carey. They serve without pay. Administrator--Pearl commissioner ($10,000), 125 Worth Street. Bernstein, 695 Park Avenue.
Standards and Appeals, Board of --Harris H. Elections, Board of-Appointed by The Council Murdock, chairman ($10,000). Chief Clerk-Joseph upon the recommendation of the two major po- J. Doyle ($3.500). litical organizations in New York and Kings Tax Department-Joseph Lilly, president Counties. Term two years. Salary, $8,000. Bor- ($12.000), and 6 commissioners ($9,000 each). ough offices: 400 Broome St., Manhattan; Tremont Tenement House Department-(Part of the Deand 3d Aves., Bronx; 600 Municipal Bldg., Brook- partment of Housing and Building.) lyn: 90-33 Sutphin Blvd., Jamaica; 313 Borough Transit Commission-(See Public Service ComHall, Staten Island.
mission.) Finance, Department of-Almerindo Portfolio, Transportation, Board of --Consists of three treasurer ($10,000).
members appointed by the Mayor: John H. DeFire Department--Patrick Walsh, commissioner laney, chairman; Frank X. Sullivan and George ($12,500). Secretary to the departinent-Richard Keegan ($20,000 each), Secretary, William Jerome F. Warner ($5,700).
Daly ($6,500), 250 Hudson Street. Health, Department of John L. Rice, M.C., Triborough Bridge Authority-Paul Loeser, gencommissioner ($11,000), 125 Worth Street.
eral manager, Randall's Island. Hospitals, Department of--Williard Cole Rap- Water Supply, Board of --George J. Gillespie, pleye. M.D., commissioner ($10,000). 125 Worth president, Henry Hesterberg and Rufus E. McGahen Street.
($12,000 each), 346 Broadway. Housing and Buildings, Department of-William Water Supply. Gas and Electricity, Department Wilson, commissioner ($10,000).
of-Patrick Quilty, cominíssioner ($10,000). SecreInvestigation, Department of - William B. Her- tary, Mrs. Lucile L. Krait ($4,000). lands, commissioner ($10,000). 2 Lafayette Street, Welfare, Department of- William Hodson, com
Law Department (the Corporation Counsel) missioner ($11,000), 902 Broadway.
Courts in the City of New York
UNITED STATES COURTS The Federal courts for
the Southern District of New York meet in the Federal Building, WashingNew York meet in the U. S. Court House, Foley ton and Johnson Streets, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Clerk of the Court-Percy G. B. Gilkes. Square, Manhattan.
Eastern District Court Judges (Kings, Queens, Clerk of the Court-George J. H. Follmer.
Nassau, Suffolk, and Richmond Counties) - Marcus Southern District Court Judges (New York, B. Campbell, Robert A. Inch, Grover M. MoscoBronx, Westchester, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, witz, Clarence G. Galston, Mortimer W. Byers and Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Sullivan and Ulster Matthew T. Abruzzo. Counties.)--John C. Knox, Henry W. Goddard, Circuit Court of Appeals Judges (New York, ConWilliam Bondy, John M. Woolsey, Francis Gnecticut and Vermont)-Learned Hand, Thomas Cafley, Alfred C. Coxe, Murray Hulbert, Vincent L. W. Swan, Augustus N. Hand, Harrie B. Chase. Leibell, John W. Clancy, Samuel Mandelbaum, Charles E. Clark and Jerome N. Frank, Edward A. Conger, Simon H. Rifkind and John United States District Attorneys-Manhattan, Bright.
Southern District, Mathias F. Correa; Brooklyn, The Federal courts of the Eastern District of Eastern District, Harold M. Kennedy.
SUPREME COURTS, NEW YORK STATE For a list of the Justices of the Supreme Court Centre Street. see page 410.
The Supreme Courts in Brooklyn, Long Island The Supreme Courts in Manhattan and the and Staten Island meet in the Court House on Bronx meet in the new monumental structure on Joralemon Street, opposite the Borough Hall.
City Court Headquarters-Manhattan, 52 Chambers St.; , ler (1946); James C. Madigan (1943); John A. Bronx, 851 Grand Concourse; Brooklyn, 120
Byrnes (1946); Samuel C. Coleman (1947); Rocco Schermerhorn St.; Queens, Sutphin Blvd. and 88th
A. Parella (1947); Frank H. Carlin (1949); Louis
L. Kahn (1950).
Bronx--William S. Evans (1946); Solomon BoneThe Chief Justice receives ($18,000) a year; the Brady (1950).
parth (1951); Henry G. Schackno (1943); Thomas Associate Justices ($17,500). Their terms expire Dec. 31 of year named.
Brooklyn-Jacob H. Livingston (1948); Sylvester
Sabbatino (1948); Murray Hearn (1949); Joseph v. Chief Clerk, Charles H. Hussey.
Gallagher (1949). The court is composed as follows:
Queens-William P. Wiener (1941); James J. Manhattan-Joseph Ryan, Chief Justice Conroy (1947); Thomas J. Towers (1947). (1942); Henry S. Schimmel (1947); Joseph W. Kel- Richmond-Arnold J. B. Wedemeyer (1941).
County Courts (The Judges receive $25,000) (Ternts expire Dec. 31st of year named.) Bronx-James M. Barrett (1955); Harry Stack- cato (1949); Samuel S. Liebowitz (1954). ell (1943); Lester W. Patterson (1947).
Queens--Thomas Downs (1945) Charles S. ColKings-Louis Goldstein (1955); Franklin Taylor den (1949). (1955); John J. Fitzgerald (1942); Peter J. Bran- Richmond-Thomas F. Cosgrove (1943),
General Sessions The court sits in the Criminal Court Building, George L. Donnellan (1955), James Garrett 100 Centre St., Manhattan, Clerk of the Court- Wallace (1949); John J. Freschi (1945); Owen W. F. Howard Barrett. Deputy Clerk of the Court
Bohan (1947); Saul S. Streit (1950); Jonah J. GoldJerome Craig. The judges, who are elected for 14 years, who receive $25.000 each, and whose terms stein (1953); John A. Mullen (1955); Jacob G. end Dec. 31 of years named, are:
Schurman, Jr. (1954); John J. Sullivan (1954).
Court of Special Sessions (Chief Justice, $13,000; other judges, $12,000). (Terms expire Dec. 31st of year named unless
otherwise noted) Chief Justice William R. Bayes (June 30, 1946); Building, 100 Centre St., Borough of Manhattan. other judges Alfred J. Hofman (1945), Frank PART II-120 Schermerhorn St., Brooklyn. Oliver (Apr. 30, 1942); Bernard A. Kozicke (June PART III-County Court House, Court Square, 24, 1946), Frederick L. Hackenburg (1943); James L. I. City, Queens. E. McDonald (June 30, 1945); Alvah W. Burlin- PART IV-County Court House, Staten Island. game (1941); George B. De Luca (July 8, 1945); PART V-851 Grand Concourse, Bronx. Nathan D. Pearlman (Nov. 25, 1947); Gustav W. M. Wieboldt (Sept. 8. 1945); Irving Ben Cooper
APPELLATE PART (June 30, 1949); Myles A. Paige (Feb. 18, 1950); First Judicial Department, on 1st and 3d ThursMatthew J. Troy (Feb. 18, 1950) John V. Flood days. (June 25, 1950); Thomas F. Doyle (June 30, 1950); Second Judicial Department, on 2nd and 4th William S. Miller (June 30, 1951).
Rm. 512, 100 Centre St., Manhattan. Chief ProPARTSI, VI, VIII and IX,Criminal Courts bation Officer-James J. Ryan.
Domestic Relations Court, City of New York (Presiding Justice, $13,000; other judges, $12,000 each). (Terms expire last day of month of year given
unless otherwise indicated) Presiding Justice-John Warren Hill (Oct. 31. nar ($3.300). Offices, 135 East 22nd Street, 1944), Justiceg-Joseph F. Maguire (Feb. 13. 1943); Manhattan. Lawrence B. Dunham (Sept. 22, 1945): Stephen S. New York County Children's Court division, Jackson (Dec. 9, 1944); Jacob Panken (1944); 137 East 22nd Street, James F. Gillespie, Clerk of Justine Wise Polier (Sept. 13, 1945); Herbert A. Court (ex-officio). Family Court division, 135 East O'Brien (Jan. 26, 1946); Juvenal Marchisio (Dec. 22nd Street; Rowland J. Sheridan, Clerk of Court 15, 1947); W. Bruce Cobb (Mar. 16, 1948); Jane M. ($4,000). Bolin (July 21, 1949); Dudley P. Sicher (Oct. 4, Kings County-Children's Court division, 111 1949); Isaac Siegel (Sept. 15, 1950).
Schermerhorn Street, Louis Wolff, Clerk of the Director of Administration, Adolphus Ragan Court ($3,840), Family Court division, 327 Scher($7.000); Deputy Directors of Administration, merhorn Street; Benjamin Cooper (Acting), Clerk Dennis A. Lambert ($6,500), and James F. Gillespie of the Court ($2,520). ($5,500): Chief Probation Officer, Andrew S. Bod- Bronx County-1118 Grand Concourse. Chil dren's Court and Family Court divisions, Frank A. ($3,540). Marron, Clerk of Court ($3,540).
Richmond County--100 Richmond Terrace, St. Queens County-105-34 Union Hall Street, Ja. George, Staten Island, N. Y. Children's Court maica, L. I. Children's Court and Family Court and Family Court Divisions, Eugene E. Kenny, Divisions, Thomas J. O'Brien, Clerk of Court Clerk of Court ($3,540).
Appointed by the Mayor for a term of 10 years, expiring last day of month of year named unless
otherwise indicated) (Chief Magistrate, $13,000; others, $10,000)
Chief Magistrate -Henry H. Curran June 20, 1945)
MANHATTAN-(HEADQUARTERS, 300 MULBERRY ST.) Anthony F. Burke (June, 1942); William A. Far- (July 1, 1941); John F. X. Masterson (April, 1947); rell (May 4, 1945); Leonard McGee (July 8, 1945);
Edgar Bromberger (April, 1947); Morris Rothen
berg (July 14, 1947); Harry G. Andrews (July 1, Thomas A. Aurelio (May 1, 1945); Michael A. Ford
1951); William B. Northrop (June, 1942); Robert (Dec., 1941); Mrs. Anna M. Kross (June 30, 1950);
F. Mahoney (April, 1943), Ambrose J. Haddock Alfred M. Lindau (July 18, 1947); Peter A. Abeles (July 27, 1949).
BRONX Raphael R. Murphy (April, 1943); William Klapp 15, 1943). (Aug. 15, 1949); Richard F. McKiniry August
BROOKLYN John D. Mason (July 2, 1943); Gaspar L. Liota (May 1, 1951); Charles Solomon (Sept. 23, 1945); (Dec., 1941); Vincent J. Sweeney (May 1, 1951); Nicholas H. Pinto (July 18, 1947); Francis X. James A. Blanchfield (May 1, 1951); Thomas H. Giaccone (June, 1949); Charles E. Hirsimaki (Dec., Cullen, Jr. (May 21, 1944); D. Joseph DeAndrea 1949); Charles E. Ramsgate (July 1, 1950).
Municipal Courts (Justices elected for a term of 10 years ending Dec. 31 of year given; President Justice, $11,840;
others, $10,840) The President Justice, Pelham St. George Bissell
BROOKLYN (1946)-Headquarters, 8 Reade St., Manhattan.
1st--120 Schermerhorn St., George J. Joyce The justices, by districts, are: 1st-8 Reade St., David Morris (1949); Michael
(1945), Michael Ditore (1949). R. Matteo (1947), Arthur P. McNulty (1947).
2d-495 Gates Ave., Milton M. Wecht (1945), Ed2d-264 Madison St., Isidor I. Haber (1945), Bir
ward A. Wynne (1949), Wm. J. McNulty (1949).
3rd-6 Lee Ave., die Amsterdam (1949), Joseph Raimo (1947), Emil
Charles J. Carroll (1949), M. Haas (1943).
Thomas E. Morrissey, Jr. (1947). 3d-314 West 54th St., Charles J. Garrison 4th-260 Utica Ave., Jack S. Strahl (1949). (1943), Joseph B. Rafferty (1947), George M. Car- 5th-4th Ave. and 420 St., Roger J. Brock (1949), ney (1949), Charles A. Curtin (1950).
Philip Simon (1949). 4th--327 East 38th St., Wm. S. Katzenstein 6th-27-33 Snyder Ave., Frank H. Parcells (1945), (1947), William T. Keleher (1947), John M. Lewis Edward Cassin (1947), Charles H. Breitbart (1949). (1950)
7th-363 Liberty Ave., Harry P. Eppig (1947). 5th-314 West 54th St., Thomas J. Whalen Peter H. Ruvolo (1949). (1945), Abram Goodman (1947), Benjamin Shalleck
8th-4th Ave. and 42nd St., Coney Island, Harold (1949).
J. McLaughlin (1949). 6th-170 East 121st St., Samuel Ecker (1943), Joseph F. Caponigri (1950).
QUEENS 7th-447 West 151st St., Lewis A. Abrams (1945), Charles Marks (1947), Thomas E. Rohan (1950). Ist-10-15 49th Ave., L. I. City, John J. O'Rourke
8th-170 East 121st St., Mario G. Di Pirro (1947), (1941), Harold J. Crawford (1945). William E. Slevin (1949).
2d-Broadway and Court St., Elmhurst, John F. 9th-153 East 57th St., Keyes Winter (1943), Scileppi (1949). Carroll Hayes (1945). George L. Genung (1947),
3d-69-02 64th St., Ridgewood, Edward J. Smith William C. Wilson (1947); Pelham St., G. Bissell
(1947). (1950), Jehial M. Roeder (1950).
4th-88-11 Sutphin Blvd., Jamaica. 10th-447 West 151st St., Charles E. Toney 5th--- Beach Channel Drive, bet. Beach 90th and (1950); James S. Watson (1950).
91st Sts., Rockaway Beach, BRONX
6th--Town Hall, Flushing. 1st-1400 Williamsbridge Rd., Louis A. Schoffel
RICHMOND (1943), Denis R. Sheil (1947), Christopher C. McGrath (1945), William Lyman (1945).
1st-Bement and Castleton Aves. W. New 2d-East 162d St. and Washington Ave., Daniel Brighton, John M. Braisted, Sr. (1947). V. Sullivan (1943), Michael N. Delagi (1945), Agnes 2d-71 Targee St., Stapleton, Thomas J. Walsh M. Craig (1945), James W. Donoghue (1947). (1945).
County Clerks-New York, Archibald R. Watson; ($3.000). Bronx, Michael B. McHugh ($15,000 each); Kings, Records, Commissioners of-New York, A. Welles Francis J. Sinnott ($12,000); Queens, Paul Livott Stump; Kings, Hyman Schorenstein ($7.500 each). ($8,000); Richmond, Charles F. Pallister ($7,000). Registrars-Office abolished and consolidated into
District Attorneys New York, Frank S. Hogan; city-wide office, appointment to be made by Mayor Bronx, Samuel J. Foley: Kings, William O'Dwyer; after competitive civil service examinations. Queens, Charles P. Sullivan ($20,000 each); Rich Sheriffs-Office abolished and consolidated into mond, Farrell Kane ($8,600),
city-wide office, appointment to be made by Mayor Medical Examiner, Chief-Thomas A. Gonzales after competitive civil service examinations. ($8,000).
Surrogates-New York, James A. Foley and Publie Administrators-New York, James F. James A. Delehanty; Bronx, Albert H. Henderson, Egan ($10,000); Bronx, James W. Brown ($4,000); Kings, George Albert Wingate; Queens, John Kings, William V. Elliott; Queens, Alfred J. Ken- Hetherington ($25,000 each); Richmond, John C nedy ($5,000 each); Richmond, James J. Joyce, Boylan ($15,000). | <urn:uuid:388a8966-583b-4444-9117-63ef0fc21fb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.at/books?pg=PA413&dq=editions:LCCN04003781&lr=&id=8g8wAAAAMAAJ&hl=de&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.823789 | 9,729 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The Best Dolphin Coloring Page Printable Ideas. Print the activity sheets and laminate them so that they can be reused. Coloring page of a dolphin on a wonderful floral background.
I just love how the expression on his/hers face turned out. Here is a small collection of free dolphin coloring pages to print out for your kids, highlighting different species of dolphin. Here are six species of dolphins commonly thought of as whales, collectively known as blackfish:
Table of Contents
Choose Your Favorite Marine Life And Print In Good Quality.
Tap here to see more. Dolphin coloring pages are a fun way for kids of all ages to develop creativity, focus, motor skills and color recognition. I just love how the expression on his/hers face turned out.
Your Kids Will Surely Want To Learn More About These.
Dolphins are without a doubt one of the most beloved aquatic creatures and for good reason. They’re extremely smart, friendly, playful, and brave, just to name a few of their qualities. Printable dolphin coloring pages bring these creatures to life for children of all ages.
Here Is A Small Collection Of Free Dolphin Coloring Pages To Print Out For Your Kids, Highlighting Different Species Of Dolphin.
Download and print these printable dolphin coloring pages for free. Colouring is the easiest and most intresting way to keep your tot busy and productive at the same time. Every dolphin coloring page is a printable pdf and/or can be downloaded.
See More Ideas About Dolphin Coloring Pages, Coloring Pages, Under The Sea Theme.
We have a large collection of coloring pages for kids, and it grows almost daily. Here are six species of dolphins commonly thought of as whales, collectively known as blackfish: Color the many details of the sea in which this elegant dolphin is.
Dolphin In A Calm Sea, With Fishes And Lovely, Abstract And Complex Patterns, Inside And Outside His Body.
It is sure to entice your kiddo. Use them as a fun activity at your next party or event. Thank you for visiting our dolphin coloring pages. | <urn:uuid:acbe43e4-dbcf-4783-8fe1-b48c1d15f32f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agoodgamedonation.com/dolphin-coloring-page-printable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.894867 | 430 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Martin JakobssonProfessor i Maringeologi och geofysik
Martin Jakobsson disputerade 2000 vid institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, Stockholms universitet, på avhandlingen: " Mapping the Arctic Ocean: Bathymetry and Pleistocene Paleoceanography". Därefter fick han en forskartjänst i USA vid Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire. Han återvände 2004 till Stockholms universitet för en lektorstjänst vid institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper. Senare samma år erhöll han en av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademins femåriga forskartjänster (Academy Fellows), som finansierats av Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse. I september 2009 blev Martin befordrad till professor i marin geologi och geofysik. Hans nuvarande forskningsintressen inkluderar Arktiska oceanens glaciationshistoria, det västantarktiska istäcket, glaciala landformer och geofysisk kartläggning av havsbottnar med akustiska metoder. Han har spenderat mer än ett år till sjöss på forskningsexpeditioner till olika delar av världshaven (främst Arktiska oceanen) och lett åtta internationella marina forskningsexpeditioner och många fler i svenska vatten. Martin har varit prefekt för institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper sedan 2012. Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Klass V för geovetenskap valde in Martin som medlem 2012 och sedan 2016 är han deras 1:e vice preses med särskilt ansvar för miljöfrågor.
Tio utvalda förstaförfattade "peer-review" granskade artiklar listas nedan (en komplett publikationslista och CV finns som PDF)
I urval från Stockholms universitets publikationsdatabas
Post-glacial flooding of the Bering Land Bridge dated to 11 cal ka BP based on new geophysical and sediment records
2017. Martin Jakobsson (et al.). Climate of the Past 13 (8), 991-1005Artikel
The Bering Strait connects the Arctic and Pacific oceans and separates the North American and Asian landmasses. The presently shallow (similar to 53 m) strait was exposed during the sea level lowstand of the last glacial period, which permitted human migration across a land bridge today referred to as the Bering Land Bridge. Proxy studies (stable isotope composition of foraminifera, whale migration into the Arctic Ocean, mollusc and insect fossils and paleobotanical data) have suggested a range of ages for the Bering Strait reopening, mainly falling within the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9-11.7 cal ka BP). Here we provide new information on the deglacial and post-glacial evolution of the Arctic-Pacific connection through the Bering Strait based on analyses of geological and geophysical data from Herald Canyon, located north of the Bering Strait on the Chukchi Sea shelf region in the western Arctic Ocean. Our results suggest an initial opening at about 11 cal ka BP in the earliest Holocene, which is later than in several previous studies. Our key evidence is based on a well-dated core from Herald Canyon, in which a shift from a near-shore environment to a Pacific-influenced open marine setting at around 11 cal ka BP is observed. The shift corresponds to meltwater pulse 1b (MWP1b) and is interpreted to signify relatively rapid breaching of the Bering Strait and the submergence of the large Bering Land Bridge. Although the precise rates of sea level rise cannot be quantified, our new results suggest that the late deglacial sea level rise was rapid and occurred after the end of the Younger Dryas stadial.
Evidence for an ice shelf covering the central Arctic Ocean during the penultimate glaciation
2016. Martin Jakobsson (et al.). Nature Communications 7Artikel
The hypothesis of a km-thick ice shelf covering the entire Arctic Ocean during peak glacial conditions was proposed nearly half a century ago. Floating ice shelves preserve few direct traces after their disappearance, making reconstructions difficult. Seafloor imprints of ice shelves should, however, exist where ice grounded along their flow paths. Here we present new evidence of ice-shelf groundings on bathymetric highs in the central Arctic Ocean, resurrecting the concept of an ice shelf extending over the entire central Arctic Ocean during at least one previous ice age. New and previously mapped glacial landforms together reveal flow of a spatially coherent, in some regions41-km thick, central Arctic Ocean ice shelf dated to marine isotope stage 6 (similar to 140 ka). Bathymetric highs were likely critical in the ice-shelf development by acting as pinning points where stabilizing ice rises formed, thereby providing sufficient back stress to allow ice shelf thickening.
Arctic Ocean glacial history
2014. Martin Jakobsson (et al.). Quaternary Science Reviews 92, 40-67Artikel
While there are numerous hypotheses concerning glacial interglacial environmental and climatic regime shifts in the Arctic Ocean, a holistic view on the Northern Hemisphere's late Quaternary ice-sheet extent and their impact on ocean and sea-ice dynamics remains to be established. Here we aim to provide a step in this direction by presenting an overview of Arctic Ocean glacial history, based on the present state-of-the-art knowledge gained from field work and chronological studies, and with a specific focus on ice-sheet extent and environmental conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The maximum Quaternary extension of ice sheets is discussed and compared to LGM. We bring together recent results from the circum-Arctic continental margins and the deep central basin; extent of ice sheets and ice streams bordering the Arctic Ocean as well as evidence for ice shelves extending into the central deep basin. Discrepancies between new results and published LGM ice-sheet reconstructions in the high Arctic are highlighted and outstanding questions are identified. Finally, we address the ability to simulate the Arctic Ocean ice sheet complexes and their dynamics, including ice streams and ice shelves, using presently available ice-sheet models. Our review shows that while we are able to firmly reject some of the earlier hypotheses formulated to describe Arctic Ocean glacial conditions, we still lack information from key areas to compile the holistic Arctic Ocean glacial history.
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 3.0
2012. Martin Jakobsson (et al.). Geophysical Research Letters 39Artikel
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) released its first gridded bathymetric compilation in 1999. The IBCAO bathymetric portrayals have since supported a wide range of Arctic science activities, for example, by providing constraint for ocean circulation models and the means to define and formulate hypotheses about the geologic origin of Arctic undersea features. IBCAO Version 3.0 represents the largest improvement since 1999 taking advantage of new data sets collected by the circum-Arctic nations, opportunistic data collected from fishing vessels, data acquired from US Navy submarines and from research ships of various nations. Built using an improved gridding algorithm, this new grid is on a 500 meter spacing, revealing much greater details of the Arctic seafloor than IBCAO Version 1.0 (2.5 km) and Version 2.0 (2.0 km). The area covered by multibeam surveys has increased from similar to 6% in Version 2.0 to similar to 11% in Version 3.0. Citation: Jakobsson, M., et al. (2012), The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 3.0, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L12609, doi:10.1029/2012GL052219.
Geological record of ice shelf break-up and grounding line retreat, Pine Island Bay, West Antarctica
2011. Martin Jakobsson (et al.). Geology 39 (7), 691-694Artikel
The catastrophic break-ups of the floating Larsen A and B ice shelves (Antarctica) in 1995 and 2002 and associated acceleration of glaciers that flowed into these ice shelves were among the most dramatic glaciological events observed in historical time. This raises a question about the larger West Antarctic ice shelves. Do these shelves, with their much greater glacial discharge, have a history of collapse? Here we describe features from the seafloor in Pine Island Bay, West Antarctica, which we interpret as having been formed during a massive ice shelf break-up and associated grounding line retreat. This evidence exists in the form of seafloor landforms that we argue were produced daily as a consequence of tidally influenced motion of mega-icebergs maintained upright in an iceberg armada produced from the disintegrating ice shelf and retreating grounding line. The break-up occurred prior to ca. 12 ka and was likely a response to rapid sea-level rise or ocean warming at that time.
An Arctic Ocean ice shelf during MIS 6 constrained by new geophysical and geological data
2010. Martin Jakobsson (et al.). Quaternary Science Reviews 29 (25-26), 3505-3517Artikel
The hypothesis of floating ice shelves covering the Arctic Ocean during glacial periods was developed in the 1970s. In its most extreme form, this theory involved a 1000 m thick continuous ice shelf covering the Arctic Ocean during Quaternary glacial maxima including the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). While recent observations clearly demonstrate deep ice grounding events in the central Arctic Ocean, the ice shelf hypothesis has been difficult to evaluate due to a lack of information from key areas with severe sea ice conditions. Here we present new data from previously inaccessible, unmapped areas that constrain the spatial extent and timing of marine ice sheets during past glacials. These data include multibeam swath bathymetry and subbottom profiles portraying glaciogenic features on the Chukchi Borderland, southern Lomonosov Ridge north of Greenland, Morris Jesup Rise, and Yermak Plateau. Sediment cores from the mapped areas provide age constraints on the glaciogenic features. Combining these new geophysical and geological data with earlier results suggests that an especially extensive marine ice sheet complex, including an ice shelf, existed in the Amerasian Arctic Ocean during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. From a conceptual oceanographic model we speculate that the cold halocline of the Polar Surface Water may have extended to deeper water depths during MIS 6 inhibiting the warm Atlantic water from reaching the Amerasian Arctic Ocean and, thus, creating favorable conditions for ice shelf development. The hypothesis of a continuous 1000 m thick ice shelf is rejected because our mapping results show that several areas in the central Arctic Ocean substantially shallower than 1000 m water depth are free from glacial influence on the seafloor.
An improved bathymetric portrayal of the Arctic Ocean
2008. Martin Jakobsson (et al.). Geophysical Research Letters 35 (L07602), L07602Artikel
The last stampede of a glacial lake
2008. Martin Jakobsson. Nature Geoscience: News & Views 1 (March), 152-153Artikel
The Early Miocene Onset of a Ventilated Circulation Regime in the Arctic Ocean
2007. Martin Jakobsson (et al.). Nature 447 (7147), 986-990Artikel
Deep-water formation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean is a key driver of the global thermohaline circulation and hence also of global climate. Deciphering the history of the circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean has long been prevented by the lack of data from cores of Cenozoic sediments from the Arctic’s deep-sea floor. Similarly, the timing of the opening of a connection between the northern North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, permitting deep-water exchange, has been poorly constrained. This situation changed when the first drill cores were recovered from the central Arctic Ocean. Here we use these cores to show that the transition from poorly oxygenated to fully oxygenated (‘ventilated’) conditions in the Arctic Ocean occurred during the later part of early Miocene times. We attribute this pronounced change in ventilation regime to the opening of the Fram Strait. A palaeo-geographic and palaeo-bathymetric reconstruction of the Arctic Ocean, together with a physical oceanographic analysis of the evolving strait and sill conditions in the Fram Strait, suggests that the Arctic Ocean went from an oxygenpoor ‘lake stage’, to a transitional ‘estuarine sea’ phase with variable ventilation, and finally to the fully ventilated ‘ocean’ phase 17.5 Myr ago. The timing of this palaeo-oceanographic change coincides with the onset of the middle Miocene climatic optimum, although it remains unclear if there is a causal relationship between these two events. | <urn:uuid:8a87362a-4687-4402-a93e-e4aebf4fcca5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.su.se/profiles/mjako-1.182183 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.803864 | 2,910 | 2 | 2 |
Start a successful career in machining
Metalworking is an exciting field that’s currently experiencing a shortage of qualified machinists—and there’s no time like the present to capitalize on the recent surge in manufacturing and production opportunities. Covering everything from lathe operation to actual CNC programming, Machining For Dummies provides you with everything it takes to make a career for yourself as a skilled machinist.
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Manufacturing is the backbone of America, and this no-nonsense guide will provide you with valuable information to help you get a foot in the door as a machinist. | <urn:uuid:8dae44a2-061e-4e2f-bb63-cd3983ea69d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.iebukes.com/machining-for-dummies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.907574 | 266 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Salvadoran woman finds U.S. safe haven
April 18, 2019
Belinda, a native of El Salvador, lights up a room with her smile – until she recounts her fear of violent gangs in San Salvador, fleeing to escape them and spending months in jail in the United States.
Then her sparkling eyes cloud over, her face falls and tears flow freely.
“I have nightmares. I get headaches. I’m thankful I’m alive, but I wonder how I got through it,” she said.
Speaking through an interpreter, Belinda, 36, now living in a city north of Omaha in the archdiocese, recently described 12 years of extortion, forced criminal behavior including prostitution, and escalating violence from one of her brothers and his fellow gang members.
Her life of terror began in 2003 and lasted until she fled the country in 2015, after gang members beat her and her then-15-year-old son who was trying to protect her, nearly killing him, Belinda said through interpreter Sister of Mercy Kathleen Erickson of Omaha.
“They used a machete and nearly cut off his legs,” Belinda said. “That’s when I felt the most fear.”
Belinda, who asked that her real name be withheld to protect another family member who lacks legal status in the United States, fled with her then-4-year-old son, Adan (also a pseudonym), on a bus to Guatemala, then into Mexico, where she called her parents in San Salvador and learned gang members had been to their house demanding to see her. “They were going to kill me,” she said.
ACROSS THE BORDER
Belinda is not alone in her fear of gangs in El Salvador. Many others flee Mexico and other Central and South American countries to escape criminal gangs that bribe police, threaten politicians and contribute to a breakdown in society. Others flee political persecution or poor economic conditions.
Statistics compiled by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops indicate that the United States resettled 53,716 refugees in fiscal year 2017, including 1,688 from Latin America. The largest number of refugees came from the Near East – 21,418, and Africa – 20,232.
The bishops also note that many children without parents or legal guardians have arrived at U.S. borders from El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. Most are fleeing grave, life-threatening violence and gang recruitment and hope to reunify with family in the United States.
“Catholics are called to stand with immigrants and refugees as our brothers and sisters,” the bishops said in talking points suggested for National Migration Week, Jan. 7-14. “This is who we are. This is what we do.”
Belinda and Adan made it across the Mexico-U.S. border, and, seeking help from officials in Port Isabel, Texas, they were detained. She was told she had a criminal record, and to go back to Mexico if she wanted to remain with her son.
“I can’t go back there,” she told authorities. ‘“OK,”’ they replied, and took him away, not telling her where Adan was going.
“I was screaming and crying,” Belinda said. “My son and I had never been separated before. Every day, over and over, I asked, ‘Where is my son, where is my son? And they would not tell me.”
“And then they said, ‘You had no son with you. You came by yourself.’”
PENNSYLVANIA AND LOUISIANA
Detained for about a month in Port Isabel, Belinda managed to call her relative in Nebraska, who contacted attorney Alberto Silva and his Latino Law Center in Omaha.
Silva began legal petitions to help Belinda, and immigration authorities flew her to Pennsylvania, where she appeared before a judge, who did not believe her story about Adan.
“We do not take children from their parents,” the judge told her.
Belinda was detained in Pennsylvania for three months. But Silva was working on the case, helping to find and assist Adan and trying to get Belinda a change of venue to Omaha.
Then, not knowing why or what might happen next, Belinda was flown to Louisiana, where she was detained for three days in what she remembers as a “very cold place” with no blankets or other bed coverings.
“Each place you go, it’s a new drama,” Sister Kathleen said, reflecting on Belinda’s odyssey through U.S. immigration channels. “You don’t know who you’ll meet or what you’ll need. The immigration system is unpredictable, arbitrary and cruel.”
DOUGLAS COUNTY JAIL
Finally, someone was nice to Belinda, Sister Kathleen said. A woman helping transport detainees decided Belinda was not a flight threat – and unlike actions taken by other authorities during her plane trips to Pennsylvania and Louisiana, did not place her in handcuffs or leg chains as she was flown to Omaha in February 2016, to be detained for the next eighth months in the Douglas County Jail.
“It was the first person who had been really nice,” Sister Kathleen said, as Belinda nodded at the table in a McDonald’s restaurant. “It made a big impression on her because this person was so nice.”
Meanwhile, Adan, now 7, was in the immigration system for about six months, including at least one children’s shelter. He was treated well, overall, he said.
With Silva’s help, a social worker had gotten involved in Adan’s case, and they arranged for the boy’s arrival in Omaha. He lived with her relative while she worked to gain asylum, arguing that a return to El Salvador would be dangerous for her and her son.
Jail also is where Belinda met Sister Kathleen, 76, who in retirement has continued her more than two decades of ministry to immigrants and helping people understand immigration issues.
An immigration judge heard Belinda’s story, and believed her. She recounted the dangers she faced, her flight to safety and her trip through the immigration system. About three months later, he granted her asylum.
But immigration officials appealed, arguing she was a criminal. Part of her case in seeking asylum included sharing that at one point in San Salvador, the gang forced her to bring marijuana to a gang member in jail. She was caught, and spent time behind bars.
Silva was determined to fight the appeal.
“‘This is not going to stand,’” Belinda recalled him saying.
Finally, immigration officials dropped the appeal and in October 2016, Belinda was granted asylum. She could leave jail after a year in detention. She could live legally in the United States.
“I was going crazy,” Belinda said. “I was going to see my son!”
Silva, a former Methodist pastor dedicated as an attorney to helping Latino families with immigration, criminal, family and business matters, said not many people realize the hardships people like Belinda and her son face in their home countries and in trying to get to the United States.
“The government (El Salvador) was not able to protect her,” Silva said. “Her own brother is a member of a gang who prostituted her and subjected her to domestic violence if she wouldn’t do what he wanted her to do. Her parents and the authorities were unable to protect her.”
She endured lack of money, danger and hunger on the road to the United States, he said. “There’s a lot of suffering along the way she had to endure, just to get to the border,” Silva said.
Now, Belinda is applying for her green card and makes a living by cleaning offices at night. She takes Adan, a second-grader, to school in the morning and picks him up again in the afternoon. She encounters some racism in Nebraska, but decided it is nothing next to what she endured to find safety.
“The sacrifice was worth it,” Belinda said. “To have a chance at life.”
An evangelical Christian, Belinda said she believes God got her through her trials. And thinking about her son, Adan, and her older son, now 19 and still living in El Salvador, kept alive her desire to live. Smiling, she shares a photo of her older son, taken recently and shared via the internet.
She tells her story in part to help increase awareness of the difficulties people can face as they live in dangerous countries and flee to safety, or simply to find a better life.
And it might help others who have gone through what she went through, to know they are not alone, she said.
“I think there might be other people who have gone through some of the same things and will see they are not the only ones this has happened to,” Belinda said. “I think there are many more who have gone through this.” | <urn:uuid:a5b7bd79-ff20-4961-886b-df19eb322f67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catholicvoiceomaha.com/salvadoran-woman-finds-u-s-safe-haven/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.981677 | 1,970 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Chinese carmaker FAW wants to launch 15 all-electric models under its Hongqi brand by 2025, and will kick start the effort with the first EV this year. By 2020, range may reach 600 kilometres as a standard with autonomy to increase gradually.
FAW reveals details of its plans for new energy vehicles. Of 17 models scheduled to arrive by 2025, no less than 15 will be electric. Expect the first electric car this year bearing the Hongqi label, a red flag.
From 2020 onwards, the target range for each model is 600 kilometres. Additionally, they shall be capable of autonomous driving at level 4 before reaching full autonomy (level 5) by 2025.
FAW aims for annual sales of 100,000 vehicles by 2020. Most will be electric as the Chinese carmaker is zooming in on electrification. Only recently, FAW formed an EV alliance with Dongfeng and Changan in order to to jointly develop platforms and drivetrains and to identify potential synergies in their purchase, production and sales units.
The state-owned trio also plans to set up a new centre to research and develop new energy vehicle technologies and lightweight materials. FAW has also formed joint ventures with mighty carmakers such as Volkswagen and Toyota.
Its cars however, have not penetrated the mass market so far but have made a stately impression on parades instead.
– ADVERTISEMENT – | <urn:uuid:34b6f220-8a09-4432-b5de-9052d577b64e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.electrive.com/2018/01/10/15-new-ev-models-faws-hongqi-2025/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957237 | 283 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Stonewall National Museum & Archives Gets Money To Go Digital
The museum received a grant of $50,000 from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to begin digitizing its archives.
The Stonewall National Museum & Archives is digitizing the LGBTQ history it's been collecting for nearly 50 years — a dream that started before the pandemic but is even more urgent now.
The Fort Lauderdale museum received a $50,000 dollar grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to begin the process to put its archives online.
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In total, the museum has about six million pages of documents in its archives.
"What that will mean is those documents that the paper is truly deteriorating on them will be preserved in digital form, and then also we'll be able to make the digital version of these available through our website," said Hunter O'Hanian, the executive director of the Stonewall National Museum & Archives. "So anybody from around the country will be able to search what it is that we have in our archives."
The museum is prioritizing things like early film and audio recordings, public meeting minutes as well as LGBTQ periodicals from South Florida.
"We noticed that a lot — and we weren't surprised — but a lot of the South Florida publications have not been digitized as of yet, and so that will be a high priority for us," O'Hanian said.
He expects it will take two years to finish the project.
"To be able to digitize the what we have here while COVID is going on and in the future is is very important," O'Hanian said. "...because the in-person visitations were lower, that allowed us to actually look and look and fulfill projects that we were looking to do for a while."
With some of the grant money, Stonewall will hire a digital consulting firm to help map a plan for next steps, as well as hire a digital manager.
In the meantime, the museum is continuing to stay open during the coronavirus pandemic. It has been offering access to exhibits in-person, or in a virtual tour format.
"We have two shows up right now, they'll be up for a few more weeks," O'Hanian said. "One is called 'Life Letters,' which are LGBTQ expressions of love...those are from our archives, original letters from people like Tennessee Williams or people incarcerated in Florida prisons. And then the other exhibition that we write now is called 'Queers at Home,' and that looks at how LGBTQ family life has evolved." | <urn:uuid:01aecc69-36c8-43b2-a78b-d023574abc52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wlrn.org/news/2021-01-13/stonewall-national-museum-archives-gets-money-to-go-digital | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.975704 | 570 | 2 | 2 |
Many cultures around the world believe the egg is the symbol of new beginnings, fertility, the genesis of gods, the earth and life itself. With the beauty of Spring finally upon us, I thought I might share with you a way to use the tradition of decorating eggs as a symbol of inner peace thus, tapping into and finding the calm within each of us. Here’s how.
Let’s remind our child that the shell is the protective outer covering for the yoke which is inside.
Now, let’s use guided imagery to imagine being in a place that is safe and secure. Tell your child to close his eyes and picture a clear, see through, luminous egg of protection all around him. And just as the yoke rests inside the shell, tell your child: “you have a place to rest that cannot be disturbed, always available to you when you remember your invisible luminous egg of protection all around you. This is your place to find the quiet you, the peaceful you. Breathe a long, deep breath in and out, sit, rest. All is well and so it is.”
For more visit: www.drroxannedaleo.com
Free consultation on how to calm down and be happy and healthy. | <urn:uuid:3a145f7e-3641-4fe2-8b87-a3d6fc85be28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drroxannedaleo.com/roxie/guided-imagery-for-inner-peace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951154 | 262 | 1.992188 | 2 |
The Center’s 2019-2020 Doctoral Fellow Cony Márquez will present on her doctoral dissertation, Voices of Women in the Mexican Army: 1936-2018, on Wednesday, October 16th at 5:30 pm in the Center’s Lyceum Room #120.
Márquez’s research is based on several interviews of first generation female officers that document the transformation within the traditionally male Mexican military. Since 2007 women have been able to enter the Military Academy, Military Police, Air Force and the School of Superior Studies, broadening their access to higher ranks including the unprecedented option to become Secretary of Defense. Her dissertation also includes the role of army wives in their husband’s careers, particularly high ranking officers, through life stories and official sources.
Cony Márquez is the Center’s 2019-2020 doctoral fellow in Southwestern history. The fellowship is a collaborative effort between the Center, Fort Lewis College, and the graduate program in the history department at the University of Arizona. Márquez will spend the academic year in residence at the Center working on archival projects, in addition to teaching for the College’s department of history.
María Concepción Márquez Sandoval (Cony), is a Mexican born historian with a Master’s Degree in Art History from the National Autonomous University of Mexico – UNAM, and is currently a Ph. D candidate in history at the University of Arizona. Her academic interests are cultural history, ethnomusicology, art history, gender studies and Mexican military history. | <urn:uuid:beaeb37f-5456-4fb5-a0f6-965dc413bfcd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://swcenter.fortlewis.edu/exhibits-events/details/voices-of-women-in-the-mexican-army-1938-2019 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.948551 | 328 | 1.820313 | 2 |
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Improve technician performance and productivity
Industrial maintenance training for manufacturers
Our maintenance technician training can upskill technicians across process and discrete manufacturing, optimizing business functions across organizations. | <urn:uuid:5904db7c-d55d-46b1-9dda-feca8c20e511> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.advancedtech.com/technical-training/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.907368 | 337 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Part of taking care of your children also means teaching them how to cope with the various different stresses which come with adulthood. Fathers, often helm the finances of the family, and they should take it upon themselves to teach their children the responsibility of finances from an early age.
Five early financial lessons to pass onto your children that help ensure they have a bright and secured financial future ahead:
Piggybank your pocket money
The first financial lesson to instill within your child is to start saving and planning early. By teaching them to put aside a chunk of their pocket money is a start towards healthy savings behaviour. Over time, as they start earning, these teachings will automatically prompt them to put aside a part of their salary in a savings or a fixed deposit account.
Start smart, start small
Parents must encourage children to be financially smart. While starting early is one step towards financial independence, children must not worry about how little they are putting away. Often telling them that ‘Rome was not built in a day’ will encourage them to set aside small amounts to gradually build a corpus. After reiterating this, children will eventually learn to budget expenses and savings. A good thumb rule to remember is that 30-40 percent of income must be saved or invested to create a safety net should plans go awry.
Be behaviorally and financially disciplined
Most times, parents worry about behavioral discipline, but forget to equally focus on financial discipline. A strong foundation early on will enable them to systematically work towards their goals and objectives. In fact, prompting them to purchase financial tools such as term insurance policies will require them to put aside premiums every month and start the journey to a financially safe life.
Set goals, save for the long-term
Buying children the latest edition of a play station, a new phone or a laptop will lead them to believe that parents will always finance their aspirations. To nurture financial independency, parents must encourage children to plan ahead, set milestones and work towards fulfilling it.
Do not let fluctuations scare you
We have been told by our parents that life is a marathon, not a sprint. The same learning should be passed on to children of this generation, who easily fall off track because of short-term requirements or indulges. Unseen hurdles are a part of life, but people must always stick to their initial investment strategies. Similarly, stock markets witness short-term fluctuations, but having a long-term mindset will do away with intimidation.
Parenthood prompts fathers to start planning right off the bat, draw up plans and set goals for their children. However, children are sometimes excluded from this. A good start to becoming a financially savvy family is to chart out aspirations with your children, while providing financial guidance through their early years to induce good long-term financial behaviour. | <urn:uuid:6790188d-e451-4893-8745-515b7d2a3865> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gdayindia.com.au/lifestyle/5-financial-learnings-that-fathers-can-gift-their-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960023 | 575 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Drones used for herding sheep and cows
Humans will continue to consume more food but there are fewer farmers to do the work. To survive and thrive farmers must adapt to new ways of doing things.
In New Zealand farmers are using drones to herd and monitor livestock, working with sheep dogs. The drones incorporate a feature that records sounds, which can be played through a loud speaker, letting the machine mimic a sheep dog.
The drones help with herding sheep and cows, monitor water and feed levels and check on livestock health without disturbing the animals. | <urn:uuid:0fb2e986-d01f-4a9e-95db-f97613946c24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.redtoolbox.org/index.php/index.php?Itemid=779 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93552 | 113 | 2.84375 | 3 |
A recent BBC article has highlighted a brave move by Nottingham Police to start recording misogynistic comments and abuse as ‘hate crimes/incidents’. This is a step forward towards making the country a safer place for all. Here is the article in full.
Harassment of women is to be recorded as a hate crime in a bid to tackle sexist abuse.
Nottinghamshire Police said it would expand its categories to include misogynistic incidents.
It means abuse or harassment which might not be a crime can be reported to and investigated by the police and support for the victim put in place.
Nottingham Women’s Centre said it hopes it will help give more victims the courage to report incidents.
Chief Constable Sue Fish claimed it will make the county a safer place for women. “What women face, often on a daily basis, is absolutely unacceptable and can be extremely distressing,” she said.
“Nottinghamshire Police is committed to taking misogynistic hate crime seriously and encourages anyone who is affected by it to contact us without hesitation.”
Work on the idea first started with the Nottinghamshire Safer for Women Conference last year, co-hosted by the police with the Nottingham Women’s Centre.
BBC TV reporter Sarah Teale was harassed in the street while reporting on the conference.
‘Violence and intimidation’
The force defines misogyny hate crime as: “Incidents against women that are motivated by an attitude of a man towards a woman and includes behaviour targeted towards a woman by men simply because they are a woman.”
The classification now means people can report incidents which might not be considered to be a crime and the police will investigate.
Specially trained officers will also examine if and how a victim can be supported or if anything can be done to help prevent them being targeted again.
Domestic abuse will not be recorded as a misogyny hate crime because it has its own procedure, the force said.
Melanie Jeffs, centre manager at Nottingham Women’s Centre said: “We’re pleased to see Nottinghamshire Police recognise the breadth of violence and intimidation that women experience on a daily basis in our communities.
“Understanding this as a hate crime will help people to see the seriousness of these incidents and hopefully encourage more women to come forward and report offences.”
What is hate crime?
A crime that the victim or any other person perceives to be motivated by hostility or prejudice towards any aspect of a person’s identity.
Police forces in England, Wales and Northern Ireland annually monitor five strands of hate crime:
- Gender identity
- Race, ethnicity or nationality
- Religion, faith or belief
- Sexual orientation
Forces can include their own definition of a hate crime with several recently adding sub cultures. | <urn:uuid:cea12e83-8619-440b-8b6d-079b93a0aac7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://safeinwarwickshire.com/2016/07/13/nottingham-police-record-tosexist-hate-crimes/?mon=6&yr=2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954941 | 586 | 2.546875 | 3 |
June 1, 2005
by Brock Rondeau, DDS, Doug Johnson, BS and John Radke, MBA
In this age of advanced technology, a clinician must rely on more than subjective findings (e.g. palpation and auscultation) when evaluating the temporomandibular joint. We need a way to objectively assess our patient’s joint health and document both the pre-treatment conditions and the response to the treatments we provide. One of the personal computer based tools available to evaluate temporomandibular joints is JVA,* Joint Vibration Analysis (Fig. 1). The existence of this type of evaluation of the jaw joint in function is critical for objective, diagnostically driven treatment.
Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA) is based on simple principles of motion and friction: When smooth surfaces rub together, little friction is created… and thus little vibration.
However, if surfaces become rough, then friction causes vibrations when these surfaces articulate (Fig. 2). The TMJ is a ginglymo-arthroidial joint with surfaces that glide together in function. The smooth, well-lubricated surfaces in a healthy joint have a biomechanical relationship that produces very little friction and almost no vibration. Surface changes, such as those caused by subtle degenerations, any perforations or mechanical displacements generally produce friction and some vibration. Different disorders produce different vibration patterns or “signatures”. Joint Vibration Analysis helps the clinician identify these conditions from the vibration patterns and helps distinguish a primary TMJ dysfunction from other painful conditions.
When we hear sounds, we distinguish one sound (vibration) from another by their differing amplitudes (loudness), durations (long vs. short sounds) and pitch, harmonics, etc. (sound qualities). JVA does the same thing, but more accurately, without any subjectivity, with honest reproducibility and providing a permanent record that is available for valid comparisons in the future.
SOUNDS VS. VIBRATIONS
Are vibration and sound the same? Well, yes and no. All audible sounds come from vibrations, but not all vibrations produce an audible sound. In fact, our ears are simply incapable of hearing joint vibrations at the low frequencies that some important joint pathologies produce. We may also be confused by the combined sounds of two conditions present in the same joint or the side it’s on. This is probably why research studies show that auscultation has about the same accuracy as random chance.1-4 Furthermore, ears (and microphones, incidentally) pick up room sound and other artifacts, where JVA picks up only vibrations from the joint itself.
JVA AS A PROCESS
The process of JVA is initiated by recording bilaterally the vibration waveforms in the time domain (Fig. 3a). This provides the measures of amplitude and duration. Next, an FFT is calculated, which supplies the indications of pitch and harmonics (Fig. 3b).
What becomes evident to the practitioner is that each TM joint condition is accompanied by a specific combination of amplitude, duration and frequency characteristics.
According to research performed by Dr. Albert Owen III,5 the incidence of TMD signs and symptoms in adolescents has been reported to range from 18 percent to 63 percent. In fact, Widmalm et al6 found a prevalence of joint sounds of 16.7 percent even among pre-school children (mean age = 5.1 yrs) and Alamoudi et al7 found a prevalence of 16.5 percent among 3-7 year-olds. More recently, List et al8 found that seven percent of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were diagnosed with painful TMD. Since adolescence is the primary age for orthodontic treatment, it behooves the clinician to perform a thorough TMJ diagnosis prior to initiating treatment, as well as monitor the status of the joints during treatment. Similar studies9-11 in the adult populations have shown that up to 50 percent have at least one sign of TMJ dysfunction.
Traditionally, we have used palpation and auscultation to detect TM joint “sounds”. Auscultation is dependent upon the hearing ability of the examiner and is limited to unilateral testing with no permanent record. The interpretation of these “sounds” has been shown to be very difficult — “What type of sound was it?” — “Did it occur upon every opening?” “Which side did the sound occur on?” Palpation is a skill with a steep learning curve that requires great tactile sensitivity and suffers from a low specificity. Even though it is usually done bilaterally, it can be very difficult to distinguish which side is causing the joint sound.12
JVA, in contrast, is a passive device that; 1) objectively records all of the vibrations of the underlying tissue during function, 2) distinguishes which side the vibration originates on, 3) creates a visual image of the vibration, 4) measures the intensity of the vibration, 5) precisely quantifies the frequency content and 6) provides a permanent record for future comparison. JVA is less invasive and more accurate13-17 than auscultation or palpation with a repeatable permanent record of TM joint function or dysfunction. And, it can be recorded by a staff member in about a minute.
JVA is a great screening test since it has such a high specificity.15 It is also the ideal, low cost way to monitor joint function during the course of treatment. While it does not eliminate the need for expensive imaging, it allows the practitioner to make a more informed decision whether the cost of imaging is justified.
Oral Health welcomes this original article.
1.Eriksson, L., Westesson, P-L., Sjobert, H.: Observer Performance in Describing Temporomandibular Joint Sounds. J Craniomadib Prac 1987;5:32-35
2.Paesani, D., Westesson, P-L., Hazala, M.P., et.al. Accuracy of Clinical Diagnosis for TMJ Internal Derangement and Arthrosis Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path, 1992 Volume 73, Number 3; 360-364
3.Hardison, D.J., Okeson, J.P. Comparison of Three Clinical Techniques for Evaluating Joint Sounds. J Craniomandib Prac., 1990, Vol. A, No. 4
4.deWujen, A. et.al. Reliability of Clinical Findings in Temporomandibular Disorders. J Orofacial Pain, 1995, Vol 9, Number 2; 181-189
5.Owen, A. III. Rationale and Utilization of Temporomandibular Joint Vibration Analysis in an Orthopedic Practice. J Craniomandib Prac., 1996; 14:(2)139-153.
6.Widmalm SE, Christiansen RL, Gunn SM. Crepitation and clicking as signs of TMD in preschool children. Cranio. 1999 Jan;17(1): 58-63.
7.Alamoudi N, Farsi N, Salako NO, Feteih R. Temporomandibular disorders among school children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1998 Summer;22(4):323-8.
8.List T, Wahlund K, Wenneberg B, Dworkin SF. TMD in children and adolescents: prevalence of pain, gender differences, and perceived treatment need. J Orofac Pain. 1999 Winter;13(1):9-20.
9.Ingervall B, Mohlin B, Thilander B. Prevalence of symptoms of functional disturbances of the masticatory system in Swedish men. J Oral Rehabil. 1980 May;7(3):185-97.
10.Kemper JT Jr, Okeson JP. Craniomandibular disorders and headaches. J Prosthet Dent. 1983 May;49(5):702-5.
11.Locker D, Slade G. Prevalence of symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders in a Canadian population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1988 Oct;16(5):310-3.
12.Widmalm SE, Williams WJ, Yang KP. False localization of TMJ sounds to side is an important source of error in TMD diagnosis. J Oral Rehabil. 1999 Mar;26(3):213-4.
13.Gallo, L, Svoboda, A and Palla, S. Reproducibility of Temporomandibular Joint Clicking. J Orofac Pain (Fall)2000; vol 14:no.4:293-302.
14.Ishigaki S, Bessette RW, Maruyama T. A clinical study of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) vibrations in TMJ dysfunction patients. Cranio. 1993 Jan;11(1):7-13; discussion 14.
15.Ishigaki S, Bessette RW, Maruyama T. Vibration of the temporomandibular joints with normal radiographic imagings: comparison between asymptomatic volunteers and symptomatic patients. Cranio. 1993 Apr;11(2):88-94.
16.Olivieri KA, Garcia AR, Paiva G, Stevens C. Joint vibrations analysis in asymptomatic volunte
ers and symptomatic patients. Cranio 1999 Jul;17(3):176-83.
17.Radke J, Garcia R Jr, Ketcham R. Wavelet transforms of TM joint vibrations: a feature extraction tool for detecting reducing displaced disks. Cranio 2001 Apr;19(2):84-90. | <urn:uuid:9670e443-ddc8-4ec9-8797-bf88a5eb47dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oralhealthgroup.com/features/an-introduction-to-joint-vibration-analysis-jva-part-i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.872159 | 2,057 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Bacon is a type of meat that comes from pigs. It is usually cured and smoked. Bacon is often used as an ingredient in other foods such as breakfast cereals, salads, sandwiches, soups, desserts, and even pizza toppings.
Bacon is also known as back bacon, belly bacon, Canadian bacon, center-cut bacon, country-style bacon, English bacon, fatty pork, ham, hot dog, pancetta, pork loin, pork sausage, pork shoulder, pork steak, pork tenderloin, prosciutto, salt pork, streaky bacon, slab bacon, thick-cut bacon, and wafer bacon.
The word “bacon” has been derived from the Old French baco meaning fat or grease. The first written record of this name was found on a document dated 1275 AD. In the 15th century England, it became popular for its use in cooking. By the 1650s, people started using the term ‘back bacon’ instead of just bacon. This new usage spread across Europe and America during the 17th century.
Bacon is delicious and has been around for centuries. It’s also high in fat and calories. So, if you’re looking to cut back on your bacon intake, you might want to think twice before eating it raw.
Raw bacon contains nitrates and nitrites, which are compounds that can cause cancer. So, if you eat it raw, you could be increasing your risk of developing cancer.
However, there are ways to enjoy bacon without consuming too much of it. In fact, there are several health benefits to eating bacon raw.
No, you cannot consume bacon raw because it will not taste good at all. However, you may still benefit from some of the nutrients contained within it.
You should always cook bacon thoroughly so that any harmful bacteria present in uncooked bacon does not make its way into your food. Cooked bacon tastes better than raw bacon anyway.
Cooking bacon makes sure that no dangerous substances remain inside the meat. Cooking also helps remove excess fats and cholesterol. If you do decide to eat cooked bacon, then you need to ensure that you don’t overcook it. Cooking bacon until it reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit ensures that it remains safe to eat.
If you prefer to have bacon with less fat, then try removing most of the fat by slicing the bacon very thinly. Then, place slices between two pieces of paper towel and microwave them for about 30 seconds per side.
This process removes almost half of the fat content while leaving behind plenty of flavors. Bacon should never be eaten uncooked or undercooked. Toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, and tapeworms are among the viruses, bacteria, and parasites that can be found in it.
Cooking the bacon until it reaches an internal temperature of 145°F (63°C) or until crisp destroys the bacteria and reduces the risk of food poisoning. It is recommended that you avoid eating raw bacon unless you know exactly what you are doing. There are many different types of bacteria that live naturally in the intestines of animals like cows and pigs. These bacteria can survive when they come into contact with certain meats. When these bacteria enter our bodies through contaminated food, we get sick.
So, if you choose to eat raw bacon, you must take precautions to prevent getting ill. Always wash hands after handling raw meat products. These are some of the illnesses you will get if you eat raw bacon.
It is caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. People who become infected usually show symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, loss of appetite, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Some people develop eye problems including blurred vision, red eyes, pain, and sensitivity to light.
It is caused due to infection with Trichinella spiralis larvae. The disease causes severe abdominal cramps, weakness, weight loss, and sometimes death. Symptoms include fever, chills, sweating, headaches, backaches, joint pains, and swelling around the mouth.
They are parasitic worms that grow up to 10 inches long. Tapeworm eggs hatch in the intestine where they mature into adult worms. This results in intestinal blockage, malnutrition, and even death.
Bacon has been known to cause illness because of the presence of toxins and other contaminants. So, before consuming this delicious treat, here’s how to handle raw bacon:
1. Wash Hands After Handling Raw Meat Products
Washing hands immediately after touching raw meat products prevents contamination from spreading to others. Use soap and warm water to cleanse yourself well. Make sure that all surfaces touched by your hand are cleaned properly.
2. Avoid Eating Undercooked Meats
Undercooking meat increases its chances of being harmful to health. Cooked foods stay hot longer than their raw counterparts. Therefore, make sure that you cook any type of meat thoroughly so that there won’t be any chance of bacterial growth.
3. Keep Food Away From Children
Children tend to put everything in their mouths without thinking twice. They may not realize that something could harm them later on. To keep children away from potentially hazardous items, store them out of reach. If possible, place them at least six feet away from kids.
4. Store Foods Properly
Food storage containers need to be kept cool and dry for best quality. Refrigerate cooked foods within two hours of cooking. Also, don’t leave leftovers outside for more than four hours.
5. Don’t Leave Leftover Bacon Outdoors
If you have leftover bacon, wrap it tightly in plastic bags and then seal them inside airtight containers. Place them in the refrigerator right away. Do not let them sit outdoors overnight.
6. Clean Up Your Kitchen Immediately
After preparing meals, always wipe down kitchen counters and utensils using disinfectant wipes. Wipe off cutting boards too. Then, throw away anything used during preparation.
Cooking bacon can help reduce the risks associated with eating undercooked meats. Here are some tips when cooking bacon:
Always Check Cooking Times
Always check the package instructions carefully before starting to cook bacon. Follow these guidelines if you’re unsure about what time to start frying or baking bacon:
• For fresh pork belly strips, fry until crisp.
• For thick-cut smoked bacon, bake until crispy or grill until the desired degree of doneness.
Thermal probes come in handy when checking whether food is done enough. Insert one probe deep into the center of each piece of bacon. When inserted correctly, the thermometer should read 165°F.
Overflying bacon makes it tough and chewy. It also reduces its nutritional value. Always use an instant-read digital thermometer to ensure proper temperature.
To prevent overcooking, cover the pan while heating up. This will allow heat to circulate evenly throughout the entire surface area. Once heated through, remove the lid and continue cooking until the desired level of doneness is reached.
When storing bacon, avoid letting it touch cold objects like ice cubes. Wrap it in paper towels first. The moisture trapped between layers helps maintain crispness.
Bacon has been around since ancient times. However, people didn’t know how to properly prepare this delicious treat back then. Nowadays, we’ve learned many ways to enjoy our favorite breakfast staple. So, next time you want to eat bacon, remember to follow safe practices. | <urn:uuid:2c92acf5-3aea-471c-953e-85dfee299461> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bronniebakes.com/can-eat-bacon-raw/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.94304 | 1,549 | 2.796875 | 3 |
H.3.1 Pragma Reviewable
This pragma directs the implementation to provide
information to facilitate analysis and review of a program's object code,
in particular to allow determination of execution time and storage usage
and to identify the correspondence between the source and object programs.
Discussion: Since the purpose of this
pragma is to provide information to the user, it is hard to objectively
test for conformity. In practice, users want the information in an easily
understood and convenient form, but neither of these properties can be
The form of a pragma
Reviewable is as follows:
is a configuration pragma. It applies to all compilation_unit
included in a partition.
shall provide the following information for any compilation unit to which
such a pragma applies:
Discussion: The list of requirements
can be checked for, even if issues like intelligibility are not addressed.
Where compiler-generated run-time checks remain;
Discussion: A constraint check which
is implemented via a check on the upper and lower bound should clearly
be indicated. If a check is implicit in the form of machine instructions
used (such an overflow checking), this should also be covered by the
documentation. It is particularly important to cover those checks which
are not obvious from the source code, such as that for stack overflow.
An identification of any construct with a language-defined
check that is recognized prior to run time as certain to fail if executed
(even if the generation of run-time checks has been suppressed);
Discussion: In this case, if the compiler
determines that a check must fail, the user should be informed of this.
However, since it is not in general possible to know what the compiler
will detect, it is not easy to test for this. In practice, it is thought
that compilers claiming conformity to this Annex will perform significant
optimizations and therefore will detect such situations. Of course,
such events could well indicate a programmer error.
For each read of reference
a scalar object, an identification of the read reference
as either “known to be initialized,” or “possibly uninitialized,”
independent of whether pragma Normalize_Scalars applies;
Discussion: This issue again raises the
question as to what the compiler has determined. A lazy implementation
could clearly mark all scalars as “possibly uninitialized”,
but this would be very unhelpful to the user. It should be possible to
analyze a range of scalar uses and note the percentage in each class.
Note that an access marked “known to be initialized” does
not imply that the value is in range, since the initialization could
be from an (erroneous) call of unchecked conversion, or by means external
to the Ada program.
Where run-time support routines are implicitly
Discussion: Validators will need to know
the calls invoked in order to check for the correct functionality. For
instance, for some safety applications, it may be necessary to ensure
that certain sections of code can execute in a particular time.
An object code listing,
Machine instructions, with relative
Discussion: The machine instructions
should be in a format that is easily understood, such as the symbolic
format of the assembler. The relative offsets are needed in numeric format,
to check any alignment restrictions that the architecture might impose.
Where each data object is stored
during its lifetime;
Discussion: This requirement implies
that if the optimizer assigns a variable to a register, this needs to
Correspondence with the source program,
including an identification of the code produced per declaration and
Discussion: This correspondence will
be quite complex when extensive optimization is performed. In particular,
address calculation to access some data structures could be moved from
the actual access. However, when all the machine code arising from a
statement or declaration is in one basic block, this must be indicated
by the implementation.
An identification of each construct for which the
implementation detects the possibility of erroneous execution;
Discussion: This requirement is quite
vague. In general, it is hard for compilers to detect erroneous execution
and therefore the requirement will be rarely invoked. However, if the
pragma Suppress is used and the compiler can show that a predefined exception
will be raised, then such an identification would be useful.
For each subprogram,
block, task, or other construct implemented by reserving and subsequently
freeing an area on a run-time stack, an identification of the length
of the fixed-size portion of the area and an indication of whether the
non-fixed size portion is reserved on the stack or in a dynamically-managed
Discussion: This requirement is vital
for those requiring to show that the storage available to a program is
sufficient. This is crucial in those cases in which the internal checks
for stack overflow are suppressed (perhaps by pragma Restrictions(No_Exceptions)).
shall provide the following information for any partition to which the
An object code listing of the entire partition,
including initialization and finalization code as well as run-time system
components, and with an identification of those instructions and data
that will be relocated at load time;
Discussion: The object code listing should
enable a validator to estimate upper bounds for the time taken by critical
parts of a program. Similarly, by an analysis of the entire partition,
it should be possible to ensure that the storage requirements are suitably
bounded, assuming that the partition was written in an appropriate manner.
A description of the run-time model relevant to
Discussion: For example, a description
of the storage model is vital, since the Ada language does not explicitly
define such a model.
shall provide control- and data-flow information, both within each compilation
unit and across the compilation units of the partition.
Discussion: This requirement is quite
vague, since it is unclear what control and data flow information the
compiler has produced. It is really a plea not to throw away information
that could be useful to the validator. Note that the data flow information
is relevant to the detection of “possibly uninitialized”
objects referred to above.
The implementation should provide the above information
in both a human-readable and machine-readable form, and should document
the latter so as to ease further processing by automated tools.
The information produced by pragma
Reviewable should be provided in both a human-readable and machine-readable
form, and the latter form should be documented.
Object code listings should be provided both in a
symbolic format and also in an appropriate numeric format (such as hexadecimal
Object code listings should be provided
both in a symbolic format and in a numeric format.
Reason: This is to enable other tools
to perform any analysis that the user needed to aid validation. The format
should be in some agreed form.
6 The order of elaboration of library units
will be documented even in the absence of pragma
Reviewable (see 10.2
There might be some interactions
between pragma Reviewable and compiler optimizations. For example, an
implementation may disable some optimizations when pragma Reviewable
is in force if it would be overly complicated to provide the detailed
information to allow review of the optimized object code. See also pragma
Wording Changes from Ada 95
The wording was clarified that pragma Reviewable
applies to each read of an object, as it makes no sense to talk about
the state of an object that will immediately be overwritten.
Ada 2005 and 2012 Editions sponsored in part by Ada-Europe | <urn:uuid:c2cdd66c-7bf1-467c-b0ae-666df0a0ed12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.ada-auth.org/standards/12aarm/html/AA-H-3-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.89099 | 1,742 | 2.078125 | 2 |
We’re three months into 2013, and the appearance of the mysterious booms cropping up around the world shows no signs of slowing down. This time, they’re shaking up, both emotionally and physically, residents of Flint, Michigan.
According to the locals, the noises have been happening off again and on again for over a year now, but as the new year pushes on, the noises have gotten louder and almost more aggressive. They frighten pets, rattle the windows, and upset the children.
“It shakes you, you feel it,” Flint resident Sheila Kopek told MLive. “It’s loud enough that it will make you jump. It’s weird.”
As you can imagine, after a year, the noises have not gone without investigation, but neither the local power company or fire department have any clue what could be causing the rumbles, and none of them have responded to anything that could remotely be related to the booms.
Juan Lara, a 67 year old local, says that they sound like “explosions” and occur in the afternoon every few weeks.
“For a minute there, I thought we were being attacked,” he said.
If you’ve been paying attention to our previous coverage of Mystery Booms, you’d see that so far this year, they’ve occurred in Oklahoma, Massachusetts, Utah (solved), and California to name a few. What’s causing them? Are they even related to one another? No one seems to know, but the theories aren’t in short supply.
One thought behind the Flint booms is a slow methane buildup in the sewer systems. Enough of the gas collected over the course of a few weeks would certainly set off quite an explosion if sparked, but the lack of any damage reported by the city snuffs that theory. Another idea is that the noises are coming from gas tanks exploding in cars crushed at the local scrapyard. While this one would seem plausible at first glance, any junk yard veteran will tell you that gas tanks are always removed before crushing vehicles.
As usual, there’s also theories ranging from HAARP, government weapons testing, and the gradual awakening of the Old Ones. We’re just going to go ahead and stick with our original theory: the canon man.
Have you heard the Mystery Booms? Do you have a theory on what they are and where they’re coming from? We want to know! Share with us on our facebook page, tweet us @WhoForted, or engage us in the comments section below. | <urn:uuid:240814d2-e295-4075-9796-d3b6c099e181> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://weekinweird.com/2013/03/05/mystery-booms-rattle-michigan-strange-noises-remain-unsolved/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959753 | 549 | 1.859375 | 2 |
GST council is expected to take up a proposal to tax petroleum products including crude.At present petroleum is under preview of GST but it is in zero rated goods barring the free flow of input tax credit of GST. Petroleum industry is expected to suffer because of GST as they won’t be able to take credit of input of GST on their plant and machinery against the tax they will pay on output which is out of the preview of GST. 122nd constitution amendment bill kept the five petroleum items out of GST for a later date.The provisions of this Bill do not fully conform to an ideal GST regime. Deferring the levy of GST on five petroleum products could lead to cascading of taxes.
Now GST committee may take up this proposal to tax petroleum product at a low rate to fecilitate the free flow of credit.
Discuss NowOpinions & information presented by ConsultEase Members are their own. | <urn:uuid:ee69e825-7e81-4871-8f0f-90ae06d22075> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.consultease.com/gst-compliances-in-india/petroleum-products-to-be-out-of-zero-rated-zone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.96624 | 186 | 1.523438 | 2 |
A lost poem written by Vladimir Nabokov about Superman — in which the Man of Steel envisions a tragic wedding night with Lois Lane and longs to be a mortal man — has been published for the first time.
Written in June 1942 and rejected by the New Yorker, “The Man of To-morrow’s Lament” was penned two years after Nabokov emigrated from Russia to the U.S., with the Lolita author focusing on the American cultural icon — he read the comics to his 8-year-old son — and jumping into one of the biggest debates in comic book-dom: Whether or not Clark Kent and Lois Lane could have a sexual relationship.
In the poem, Clark Kent ruminates that while he loves Lois Lane, “marriage would be murder on my part,” as his wedding night coitus with Lois would likely result in her death, as well as the destruction of both the big hotel they’re staying in and “the smaller one next door.”
“But even if that blast of love should spare/her fragile frame – what children would she bear?” Nabokov asks in the poem, published for the first time by the Times Literary Supplement. “What monstrous babe, knocking the surgeon down/would waddle out into the awestruck town?”
While the poem was known to exist, “The Man of To-morrow’s Lament” was believed lost until it was unearthed by Russian scholar Andrei Babikov in the Edmond Wilson’s archive in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.
“So this is why no matter where I fly/red-cloaked, blue-hosed, across the yellow sky/I feel no thrill in chasing thugs and thieves/and gloomily broad-shouldered Kent retrieves/his coat and trousers from the garbage can/and tucks away the cloak of Superman,” Nabokov wrote of the Man of Steel’s sorrow. “And when she sighs — somewhere in Central Park/where my immense bronze statue looms — ‘Oh, Clark … /Isn’t he wonderful!?!’ I stare ahead/and long to be a normal guy instead.” In TLS, Babikov notes that the scene of them walking through Central Park, as well Lane’s exclamation (including its punctuation) was taken directly from the cover of Superman No. 16, released in May 1942.
In 1969, science fiction author Larry Niven considered Kent and Lane’s physical relationship in the essay “Man of Steel, Women of Kleenex”; a quarter-century later, the eternal question was debated again, albeit more sophomorically, in a scene from Kevin Smith’s Mallrats:
Will there ever be an answer? Probably not. But good to know a Twentieth-century literary great was one of the first to spend time wondering whether Superman’s super-sperm would be too much for a human woman. | <urn:uuid:c9c2fb47-67a1-4973-aab4-4fa228b4d9c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/vladimir-nabokov-superman-poem-1137468/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956234 | 646 | 2 | 2 |
Violence in eastern Ukraine is intensifying and Russian-backed rebels have moved heavy weaponry back to the front line, international monitors warned on Saturday as Moscow responded by accusing Kiev of violating a peace deal.
In the latest sign that peace efforts have made scant progress almost two years since Moscow annexed Crimea, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev described East-West relations as having “fallen into a new Cold War” and said NATO was “hostile and closed” towards Russia.
Implementation of a deal agreed in Minsk a year ago, which would allow for the lifting of sanctions on Russia, and a lull in violence late last year raised hopes that the conflict that has killed more than 9,000 people could be resolved quickly.
But Lamberto Zannier, who heads the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) monitoring eastern Ukraine, said the situation had “become difficult again.”
“We see a multiplication of incidents, violations of the ceasefire,” he told Reuters at the Munich Security Conference. “We’ve seen cases of redeployment of heavy armaments closer to the contact line … and multiple rocket launchers, artillery being used,” he said, referring to the heavy weaponry that is meant to be removed under the Minsk deal.
Medvedev, also speaking in Munich, accused Kiev of trying to shift the blame onto Moscow for the continued shelling in the industrial regions of eastern Ukraine now under rebel control.
“The Minsk agreements have to be observed by everyone. But we believe that it’s first and foremost up to the Kiev authorities to do that,” he said.
The West says it has satellite images, videos and other evidence to show Russia is providing weapons to the rebels and that Moscow has troops engaged in the conflict that erupted following Russia’s annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea in 2014.
NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Gen. Philip Breedlove said Russia had the power to “dial up and down” the conflict as it wished to put pressure on the government in Kiev.
Russia denies such accusations.
Extended at the end of last year, the Minsk peace deal signed by Russia, Ukraine, France and Germany aims to give Ukraine back control of its border with Russia, see all heavy weapons withdrawn, return hostages and allow an internationally monitored local election in the east.
Zannier said the vote could not happen until there was a ceasefire and even then it would be difficult to do by mid-year because international observers need to be in place.
Medvedev said Ukraine, not Russia, was in breach of the Minsk deal because Kiev was yet to change Ukraine’s constitution to grant special status to eastern Ukraine.
Russia wants an amnesty for mainly Russian-speaking people in the east who seized government buildings during the upheaval of early 2014, when pro-European protesters toppled Russia-backed President Viktor Yanukovich.
“Without this amnesty, these people won’t be able to participate in the elections,” Medvedev said.
Kiev’s Western backers acknowledge the government of President Petro Poroshenko must speed up reforms, especially those tied to its $10-billion International Monetary Fund bailout, but say Russia must respect Ukraine’s sovereignty.
“Neither the people of Ukraine nor their partners in the international community believe they have done enough,” U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said. | <urn:uuid:561d8b62-0369-43f6-9043-d40c6b766053> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yalibnan.com/2016/02/13/russian-pm-warns-east-west-relations-fallen-into-a-new-cold-war-as-ukraine-violence-surges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.95936 | 723 | 1.773438 | 2 |
But scientists haven’t modeled global risks of subsidence—until now. To build their model, Sneed and her colleagues scoured the existing literature on land subsidence in 200 locations worldwide. They considered those geological factors (high clay content), as well as topology, as subsidence is more likely to happen on flat land. They factored in population and economic growth, data on water use, and climate variables.
The researchers found that, planet-wide, subsidence could threaten 4.6 million square miles of land in the next two decades. While that’s just 8 percent of Earth’s land, humanity tends to build big cities in coastal areas, which are prone to subsidence. So they estimate that, in the end, 1.6 billion people could be affected. The modeling further found that worldwide, subsidence exposes assets totaling a gross domestic product of $8.19 trillion, or 12 percent of global GDP.
True, gradual subsidence isn’t as destructive as a sudden earthquake or volcanic eruption. “But it will cause these indirect effects or impacts that, in the long term, can produce either damages to structures or infrastructure, or increase floodable areas in these river basins or coastal areas,” says geoscientist Gerardo Herrera-García of the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, lead author on the paper.
Subsidence is uniquely sensitive to climate change—at least indirectly. On a warmer planet, droughts are longer and more intense. “This is very important,” says Herrera-García. “Because no matter the amount of annual rainfall you have, the most important issue is that you have a prolonged drought period.” Dry reservoirs will lead cities to pump even more water out of their aquifers, and once you collapse the structure of an aquifer by neatly stacking those plates of clay grains, there’s no going back. For the 1.6 billion people potentially affected by subsidence—and that’s just by the year 2040—the consequences could be dire, leading to both water shortages and the flooding of low-lying land.
“It’s definitely very startling results,” says USGS coastal geologist Patrick Barnard, who studies subsidence but wasn’t involved in this new work. “Especially coastal megacities—most of the megacities are, in fact, coastal. So it really highlights the issue in relation to coastal flooding.” And urban populations are booming: According to the United Nations, nearly 70 percent of humans will live in cities by 2050, up from 50 percent currently.
Humanity has tended to construct its cities where rivers empty into the sea, where the conditions for subsidence are ideal. Long ago, these rivers deposited sediments loaded with the clay, which humans then built upon. “The areas that are at high risk are in those kinds of settings near the outlets of river deltas, and where you have low-lying, flat sedimentary basins near coasts,” says University of California, Berkeley geophysicist Roland Burgmann, who studies subsidence but wasn’t involved in this new work. But you can actually find this problem inland, too, for instance in Mexico City, which is built on top of the sediments of a former lake, and is accordingly suffering from subsidence.
Cities built on landfill are also sinking as that material settles. In the Bay Area megalopolis, for instance, some areas are sinking as much as a third of an inch a year. Modeling estimates from researchers at Arizona State University and UC Berkeley hold that by the end of the century, as much as 165 square miles of the Bay Area could be inundated as land sinks and the sea rises.
Subsidence gets even trickier because its effects can vary dramatically over short distances, depending on factors like local clay composition or which side of an earthquake fault the land happens to be on. So this new global study is great for determining risk on a large scale, but scientists will still have to investigate subsidence with a finer focus. | <urn:uuid:7be6e5a8-570d-4b7f-a92b-53920ead871a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techietricks.com/2021/01/19/the-ongoing-collapse-of-the-worlds-aquifers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953984 | 854 | 4 | 4 |
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We are always up and awake. Get round the clock expert assignment help through our dedicated support team and live chats with your chosen editors. | <urn:uuid:3c8b9831-0c65-4a95-97a9-7c9b4f895dd2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.onlineassignmentexpert.com/statistics/linear-discriminant-analysis-assignment-help.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.924298 | 903 | 1.539063 | 2 |
How To Make Condensed Milk Chocolate Truffles Recipe [ASMR] 練乳トリュフチョコレート の作り方 [Eating 만들기 : Condensed milk Chocolate Truffles Recipe How To Make Condensed Milk Chocolate Truffles Recipe [ASMR] 練乳トリュフチョコレート の作り方 [Eating sound] Instagram: https 만들기 : Condensed milk Chocolate Truffles Recipe On very low heat pour the condensed milk and boil it until it starts bubbling lightly with foams, it boils really fast so make sure it doesn't burn underneath.
Condensed Milk Chocolate Truffles (2 Ingredients) is one of the most favored of recent trending meals in the world. It’s simple, it is quick, it tastes delicious. It’s enjoyed by millions daily. Condensed Milk Chocolate Truffles (2 Ingredients) is something that I have loved my entire life. They are fine and they look wonderful.
Hello everybody, hope you are having an amazing day today. Today, I’m gonna show you how to make a distinctive dish, condensed milk chocolate truffles (2 ingredients). It is one of my favorites food recipes. This time, I am going to make it a little bit tasty. This will be really delicious.
To begin with this particular recipe, we have to prepare a few components. You can have condensed milk chocolate truffles (2 ingredients) using 2 ingredients and 3 steps. Here is how you cook it.
The ingredients needed to make Condensed Milk Chocolate Truffles (2 Ingredients) :
- Take 1 cup of condensed milk.
- Get 1 cup of cocoa powder.
We love delicious chocolate truffles but they can sometimes be difficult to make. Luckily, this recipe only needs two ingredients! One can of sweetened condensed milk and a cup of unsweetened cocoa powder. The former is what you'll want to start with, as you need to warm that up in a saucepan.
Instructions to make Condensed Milk Chocolate Truffles (2 Ingredients) :
- Boil you condensed milk then pour into a bowl..
- Then add the cocoa powder slowly and mix make a dough type contestant they put in a bowl with cocoa powder dust on it then put in put some more cocoa powder on top and put plastic wrap on top..
- Then refrigerate for 2 hours then take out on a tray with cocoa powder dusted then shape it square and cut cubes and shape them square too then transfer to a plate and serve.Enjoy!.
Be sure to try this dessert. These milk chocolate truffles are ready to share upon arrival and the chocolate is meant to please with its classic flavor. There are natural ingredients in each of these cocoa-dusted chocolates. I am so surprised when I tried this recipe, it turns out really great! I recommend that you use good quality cocoa powder in this recipe to have the best results.
So that is going to wrap this up for this special food condensed milk chocolate truffles (2 ingredients) recipe. Thanks so much for your time. I’m sure you will make this at home. There is gonna be interesting food in home recipes coming up. Don’t forget to save this page on your browser, and share it to your family, colleague and friends.
Don’t forget to share with friends via social media, for example instagram , fecebook , twitter or whatsapp Thanks again for reading , go on get cooking!. | <urn:uuid:ad09f92c-d973-4bdf-a7f9-40968cb01ef4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://american-african-recipes.com/7571-simple-way-to-make-super-quick-homemade-condensed-milk-chocolate-truffles-2-ingredients.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.923908 | 757 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Wondering why our new training rooms on Level 1 of the Library have been named Bellairs and Shepard? They have in fact both been named after two prominent figures about whom we hold extensive collections in our Archives & Special Collections (located on the ground floor of the Library).
Here’s a little bit more about why it seemed so fitting for us to name our brand new training rooms after them:
Photograph: Ernest Howard Shepard in his studio, c. 1955-1976 (Ref No. EHS/F/10/19) From the E.H. Shepard Archive, University of Surrey © The Shepard Trust
Ernest Howard Shepard (1879-1976) was an illustrator, best known for his drawings for A. A. Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh books and Kenneth Grahame’s The Wind in the Willows. He was also a successful political cartoonist and had a long career working for the satirical magazine Punch. Shepard served as an Officer in the Royal Garrison Artillery during the First World War and was awarded the Military Cross for his service at the Battle of Passchendaele. During the Second World War he served as a member of the Surrey Home Guard.
Shepard lived in Surrey for over fifty years, and donated his personal archive to the University in 1974. Held as part of the Library’s Archives & Special Collections, the archive charts his life and career, and comprises correspondence; personal papers; ephemera; books he wrote or illustrated; sketchbooks, drawings and paintings; photographs; press cuttings; sales catalogues and magazines.
Photograph: Bice Bellairs in ‘L’Enfant Prodigue’, 1930s (Ref No. BB/F/17) From the Bice Bellairs Collection of Revived Greek Dance, University of Surrey (photographer unknown)
Beatrice ‘Bice’ Bellairs (1910-1991) was a young pupil of the dance practitioner Ruby Ginner (1886-1978), the creator of a movement style known as ‘Revived Greek Dance’. Along with Pauline Grant, a fellow dancer at the Ginner-Mawer School and Company, Bellairs founded the Grant Bellairs School of Dance and Drama in West London in 1935. The school relocated to Guildford in 1945 and became the Guildford School of Acting (GSA) in 1964, thus Bice Bellairs is a direct link to the beginnings of this highly respected training school.
Bellairs inherited Ginner’s collection of scrapbooks, programmes, photographs, scores and manuscripts, including signed photographs and correspondence with the famous ballerina Anna Pavlova, and this is housed in the University’s Archives & Special Collections.
Want to find out more about Shepard and Bellairs? Contact our Archives & Special Collections team, who will be more than happy to arrange a visit.
We hope you enjoy your new training rooms! Any feedback, do let us know: firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:9b4e3778-88e9-4991-b99d-e975adfbbd9f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.surrey.ac.uk/librarynews/2018/11/21/welcome-to-bellairs-and-shepard-our-brand-new-library-training-rooms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.95068 | 642 | 2.25 | 2 |
Many people will understand very well through the living of their own life experiences that a lot of the time dieting doesn’t work.
Not only do people sometimes experience very sporadic results but on finishing a diet will often gain what they initially lost and then gain more on top of that, hence the term yo-yo dieting.
Many attempts at dieting ending with the above results can leave one feeling rather demoralized making the chances of succeeding at further attempts later down the road even more unlikely.
I know that doesn’t sound very encouraging right now but there’s no hiding from the truth. Putting one’s head in the sand and not acknowledging what is really happening doesn’t mean that it won’t happen and in truth sometimes guarantees it will. Knowledge is power so when we understand more about possibly how and why things are happening as they are, we are in a much better position to make an informed decision on how to move forward in a more positive direction.
There are as many different reasons why diets don’t work as there are people doing diets because each person’s thought process on the subjects of food, eating, exercise, and general health will be different based on their own personal life experiences. Nevertheless, almost all unwanted results that are achieved will be the result of having a stronger vibration made up of our thoughts and feelings that are more orientated towards what we are not wanting rather than what we are wanting.
~Focusing on the feeling of being deprived of what we really want to eat versus feeling proud we are doing something very good for our body, mind, and soul by making an effort to become more healthy.
~Focusing on feelings of being disappointed in a lack of visible results versus feeling happy with the improvement in energy, body strength and any other improvements in health no matter how small they may seem.
~Focusing on how hard it is versus the positive benefits one is achieving.
When beginning any new course of action whether it be an improved eating regime or exercise regime, work schedule or anything else, there will always be doubts that come into one’s mind as to which way to go. This is completely logical as the mind can often be resistant to change, especially if we have shied away from change and left others around us to make decisions for us. If the mind is not taken control of by the occupant of that mind it tends to run riot by spewing out negative thoughts and reasons why this or that will not work to try to keep the status quo. A mind not kept in check by moving initial negative thoughts to a more positive good feeling place can make one feel defeated before any actions have even been taken. Most people will not have the ability to take action from this place of negative contemplation as this kills any belief one might have of succeeding, and let’s face it no one wants to start something they don’t believe they can do, especially when it’s going to take a lot of effort.
Another factor that has strong influences on the results we achieve will be how big the change we are planning to make is and how difficult it will be to implement. Major changes in many different areas of our current lifestyle make it difficult to maintain and increases greatly our expectation of seeing results quickly. Expectation can be good but only when we are sitting in a strongly positive place of belief and knowing otherwise it tends to have the opposite effect especially if we have placed a strict time limit on ourselves. Both expectation and time can be positive or negative depending on where each person is sitting vibrationally on whatever they are wanting to achieve. But one thing is for sure, unrealistic expectations and strict time limits hardly ever put us in the ideal place to experience the good feeling life we are wanting.
It’s better to be flexible and open about both time and expectations as this gives us the freedom to change as we move forward without declaring we have failed because we haven’t followed an unrealistic schedule we’ve set down for ourselves.
Ok, so what happens when we initially make progress achieving some success with what we are wanting to do, in this case losing weight but then put it all back on plus some more. When we implement big changes in many different areas of our lives it can be very hard to maintain. The body may initially respond to the extra exercise or change in diet even if we aren’t liking it, but unless our thoughts and feelings are improved and we can maintain feeling good about what we are doing apart from purely seeing physical results, they are hard to achieve. Any results gained are eventually lost as our enthusiasm for taking the actions we believe are required dwindles. Putting more on after this can only be the result of feeling stronger negative emotion about it. It’s very understandable because it never feels good to have tried something and to feel like we have not succeeded.
Although we all know what we put into our bodies and how much we move directly affects our health and well-being, none of this action makes any long-term difference if our thought is not changed and improved. Any action taken from a resistant uninspired place is always very hard that often produces poor results and doesn’t last unless great strength over our mind is attained. Great benefit can be gained from undertaking something we initially find hard if our mind is strong and we do our best to improve our thought as we go. No matter which way we look at it, it’s always the same. The body follows the mind every single time. A strong body cannot be found in a weak mind and a weak body cannot be found in a strong mind. Working only the body in exclusion to the mind is like trying to drive a car without a motor in it!!! That’s funny don’t you think…..
It is a simple formula really, but when translated into all the specific details of our lives and who we have specifically become in this physical body, it does get complicated I know.
The formula is, take the time to move our thoughts as close as we can to belief and knowing before taking any action. Once this has been achieved one will usually know or have a very good feeling about the initial actions that should be taken, this is inspired action that comes as a result of our improved vibration. Continue to improve any resistant thoughts that come up and focus on the positive aspects of what we have chosen to do and be open to making changes as we move forward.
Whatever anyone is wanting to achieve, I know for sure they can. But what I know about someone else’s experience really means nothing unless they know it themselves……..
For we are the true creators of our lives, and we create our lives through our focused thoughts and feeling, our vibration……..
And so we do……. | <urn:uuid:e6bcf935-b279-495a-975b-88b15f654cc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thepurestsoul.com/2017/03/28/what-causes-the-yo-yo-dieting-effect/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96051 | 1,395 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Digital Transformation is necessary for business survival
By all accounts businesses that aren’t keeping up with digital transformation efforts don’t expect to survive for longer than four years. According to a Couchbase global study, businesses expect to either be ‘absorbed’ or go out of business if they don’t keep up. And four in five already believe digital transformation is leaving them behind.
The message is clear – digital transformation is imperative for all businesses, from SMB through to global enterprise. It’s a recurring theme in practically every keynote, roundtable discussion, blog, or study related to how businesses can remain competitive and ultimately survive in an increasingly digital world.
What do we actually mean by digital transformation?
Digital transformation – a working definition
Let’s be honest here, because digital transformation will look different to every company it can be hard to create a universal definition. According to trends analyst Altimeter, digital transformation is “the realignment of, or new investment in, technology and business models to more effectively engage digital customers at every touch point in the customer experience lifecycle.”
At MLR Networks we’ve adopted a more straightforward definition and talk about it as the integration of digital technology into all areas of a business to change how that business operates and delivers value to its customers. Digital transformation enables business agility, engagement and creativity. We’re operating in a digital world now where business success requires the adoption of new technology, new approaches to strategy and a cultural shift.
What’s driving digital transformation?
There are five main drivers for digital transformation:
- The availability of information and the ability to convert data into business insights. Accessto tools and resources to measure, analyse, record and report on your business data in real-time are now available instantly at accessible costs. This is paving the way forbig data even in small business, allowing businesses to interact and translate vast levels of information and data in a way that can inform critical business decision with a data-backed approach. Reducing risk, costs and delivering higher returns.
- Changing customer expectations. Brendan Witcher, principal analyst at Forrester believes the cause of rising expectations is fairly clear and Uber, Amazon and Netflix are to blame: “Each time a consumer is exposed to an improved digital experience, their expectations are immediately reset to a new higher leve”
- The power of the millennial – Millennials expect as standard that company systems will support remote and collaborative working. They’re highly mobile, always connected and demand technology that allow them to get their work done independently of location, network and device.
- Competition from born digital companies is disrupting the market. The IDC report“FutureScape: Worldwide CIO Agenda 2016 Predictions” emphasised that, “One-third of the top 20 firms in industry segments will be disrupted by new born digital competitors within five years,” and that it’s a matter of “transform or perish.”
- Speed to market: competition, for customers, resources, even for skilled workers, has never been greater, but even in the digital age, the basic rule of competition hasn’t changed: to get the business, you have to be first, and best. Pressure is on to reach markets faster; manufacture quicker; deliver next day. Digital transformation is required to speed up business processes across the board.
Life or death; when not if
The boardroom conversation is changing. No longer is it focused on ‘if’ a business will digitally transform, but of when and how fast. And should UK businesses ask the question why? Well, the demise of household name companies should serve as a warning to us all of what a lack of action can lead to. As John F Kennedy so eloquently put it: “There are risks and costs to action. But they are far less than the long-range risks of comfortable inaction.”
Of course, making the decision to press ahead with digital transformation is the easy bit. The actual articulation and implementation of a strategy is an altogether harder undertaking and comes with its own set of challenges and difficulties.
The oft cited McKinsey statistic that 70% of digital transformation projects fail is enough to put some companies off. Reasons for failure include insufficient collaboration, poor integration, cultural rejection and ineffective project management. That said, there are some fantastic examples of successful transformation projects, which have resulted in boosted productivity, new product development, improved customer engagement and increased revenue – all ensuring a company’s survival in the digital age. | <urn:uuid:26941998-5f07-4c6f-98d7-a2d936eccbe2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mlrnetworks.co.uk/2021/10/07/digital-transformation-is-necessary-for-business-survival/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.930982 | 940 | 1.757813 | 2 |
A voter without one of many acceptable types of photograph identification can vote on a provisional ballot. He or she will have up to three days after the election to current applicable photograph identification on the county registrar’s office in order for the provisional ballot to be counted. If the elector fails to furnish the required image identification with signature as required, the elector shall be allowed to vote a provisional ballot. The canvassing board shall decide the validity of the ballot by figuring out whether or not the elector is entitled to vote at the precinct where the ballot was solid and that the elector had not already forged a ballot within the election.
The Immediate Office of the Secretary has issued a Request for Information to solicit input from the public to help establish duplicative regulations and the issues they create. General Laws are Session Laws or sections of Session Laws which are permanent in nature and of general utility. General Laws are codified in accordance with subject matter in a multi-volume publication entitled the General Laws of Massachusetts. The official model of the General Laws is now published every two years, with cumulative pamphlets launched periodically.
The affidavit shall require the voter to offer his or her name and address. A voter who has but declines to supply identification could solid a provisional ballot upon providing a Social Security number or the final 4 digits of a Social Security number. A voter who has neither identification nor a Social Security number may execute an affidavit to that impact and vote a provisional ballot. A voter who declines to sign the affidavit should vote a provisional ballot. Voters with a non secular objection to being photographed may vote an affidavit ballot, which will be counted if the voter returns to the suitable circuit clerk within five days after the election and executes an affidavit that the religious exemption applies. A voter who is unable or refuses to supply present and legitimate identification might vote a provisional ballot.
If the voter has no identification, the voter will be requested to recite his/her date of birth and residence tackle to corroborate the data provided within the ballot book. If the picture identification doesn’t contain the signature of the elector, an additional identification that provides the elector’s signature shall be required. An eligible elector who is unable to supply identification might cast a provisional ballot. First, the laws could be sorted by whether the state asks for a photograph ID or whether or not it accepts IDs without a photograph as well. Second, the laws may be divided by what actions can be found for voters who do not have ID.
If you already know which poster you would possibly be required to display, see beneath to download and print the appropriate poster free of cost. Department of Labor require that notices be offered Laws to workers and/or posted within the workplace. DOL supplies free digital and printed copies of those required posters.
To have his or her ballot counted, the voter should present a legitimate type of identification to the county election officer in individual or present a copy by mail or digital means before the meeting of the county board of canvassers. If ID is not introduced, a voter may solid a ballot that’s put aside in a sealed envelope. The ballot is counted in the voter supplies legitimate identification within six days of the election. A present voter identification card that incorporates the voter identification number if the voter identification card is signed before the voter presents the card to the election official.
If ID is not introduced, the voter votes on a provisional ballot and should return inside two days to indicate an ID or sign an affidavit testifying to indigence or a spiritual objection. If ID isn’t introduced, the voter votes on a provisional ballot, and election officers match the signature in opposition to signatures on record. If ID just isn’t offered, the voter votes on a provisional ballot and should return inside 6 days to show an ID or signal an affidavit swearing to indigence or a religious objection. If ID just isn’t presented, the voter votes on a provisional ballot and election officials evaluate the signature on it to a signature on report. Find laws and laws on civil rights, privacy rights, research, fraud prevention and detection, freedom of information, tribal matters, employment, and more.
Codecollates the original law with subsequent amendments, and it deletes language that has later been repealed or outmoded. Compilations of laws are collections of individual acts of their current, amended type with cross-references to theUnited States Codefor ease of use. Legislative measures that have been introduced in Congress however have not turn into law are often known as payments.
Employee identification card issued by any branch, department, agency, or entity of the Federal Government, the state, a county, or a municipality. In 2021, Montana enacted SB 169,which requires voters without a state, navy, tribal ID, or passport to supply two types of different ID, considered one of which should include a photograph. This invoice additionally adds hid carry permits to the list of accepted voter IDs. If ID just isn’t offered, the voter votes on a provisional ballot and should return to show ID within 10 days. If ID isn’t offered, the voter votes on a provisional ballot and the signature on the ballot envelope is matched to the voter’s signature on record. If ID isn’t offered, the voter indicators an affidavit and votes on an everyday ballot. | <urn:uuid:6a133fa1-9e43-4dfa-9143-4c7e4d7605bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.under30changemakers.com/state-statutes-search.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93161 | 1,085 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Jamshedpur, August 30: Chief Minister Raghubar Das on Sunday harped on the inclusive growth of the locals along with industrial progress.
Addressing the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples function at Football Ground in Chaibasa, West Singhbhum he said that the Government wants to ensure all-around development of the people.
Das said that in the next five years the face of Kolhan will change. He announced a steel plant will be set up in Manoharpur in the next one year along with three steel plants all over Kolhan.
Steel Authority of India (SAIL) will set up its plant at West Singhbhum that will usher new industrial revolution in the district. He said that the work will commence within six months.
This will pave way for the employment generation and industrial growth too.
It may be recalled that the steel major SAIL chairman CS Verma had in the past announced that SAIL would set up a 4 MTPA pelletisation plant and a 10MTPA beneficiation facility, investing close to Rs 3,000 crore at Gua Mines area.
CM further said that he wants to make dreams of people come true who sacrificed their lives for Jharkhand “Our Government is dedicated towards the progress of tribal population.
We want to ensure growth of the local tribals and their participation in the production and this will ensure social peace,” said Das. Government will work to ensure balanced and all round growth of the state and will adopt 250 villages of Kolhan Division under the scheduled tribe village development program, he added.
He also said state has progressed much from where it was in 2000, when Jharkhand was formed, but need to accelerate the pace of the development.
Das further said, “For every tribal, it is important to know and understand their culture. They must live with it and take initiatives to preserve it for it is their sole responsibility to save it and pass on to their next generation.
Growth of a language and its literature is the responsibility of the people of that particular community who use it and who would create its literature. International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples reminds us the indispensability of those things. Government will provide support and resources but the tribal groups have to do the rest.”
The Chief Minister also asked Louis Marandi the Minister for Welfare, Social Welfare, Women and Child Development, to ensure that the issues of the local people are solved.
Every year, 9th August is commemorated as the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. The day is celebrated with special events around the world, including at United Nations Headquarters.
This year’s theme puts a spotlight on the issue of indigenous peoples’ access to health care services, as improving indigenous peoples’ health remains a critical challenge for indigenous peoples. | <urn:uuid:19d61735-7b97-4881-aa60-47f21ef3499b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avenuemail.in/jharkhands-growth-not-possible-without-tribal-development-raghubar-das/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960706 | 593 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The Lost White Tribes of Australia Part Two: ‘Individuals of an Alien White Race.’ Second Edition A4 full colour 236 pages.
New evidence was uncovered regarding the survivors of both the Vergulde Draeck and the Zuytdorp. Artifacts were found including two with dates: 1807 and 1829. These were discovered in the Kennedy Ranges in WA and were the result of the descendants of the Zuytdorp survivors some of whom travelled inland. The first English explorer to arrive in the Kennedy Ranges was Francis Gregory in 1858. The first English settlers arrived in Western Australia in 1829.
In 1838, Lieutenant George Grey led the first land based expedition into northern Australia where he discovered the northern Kimberley cave paintings. Some of the figures in the rock art resembled Europeans. He also came across natives whom he described as ‘Individuals of an Alien White Race.’
During my research, I came across a large number of examples of rock art that resembled Dutch sailors and European women.
In Victoria, I explored the South-western districts especially Lake Condah and stared in wonderment at the stone houses, large dams and weirs, rock walls and canals all built before the arrival of the British. I wondered if there was a possibility that these structures could have been influenced by Dutch shipwrecked sailors. There was a distinctive Dutch feel about it with the intricate canals, stone houses, weirs, eel traps and tradition of smoked eels. Dutch coins were also found in the region.
At the insistent prompting and help of some of the Warrnambool and Port Fairy residents, I researched the well documented Dutch galliot that had sunk in 1767, three years before the arrival of Cook.
Although I had no doubt that two ships had anchored in Port Fairy Bay, I was in shock when I discovered the reason why the ships called in at Port Fairy. Some of the sailors had smallpox and those who were sick were sent ashore to recuperate. One ship left the bay leaving the second ship ready for when the sailors were well enough to resume their voyage. However, two tragedies occurred. The first: ships sunk in a storm. The second: curious Aboriginals investigating the marooned sailors, contracted smallpox. According to Judy Campbell in her book, ’The Silent Invasion’, approximately 40% of the entire Aboriginal populations in Victoria, NSW, and even Queensland contracted smallpox.
She wrote, ‘Smallpox was the first and worst cause of depopulation in Victoria, and it was the second cause as well… the extinct groups on the Hopkins River… would have been its victims… Between 1780 and 1870 smallpox itself was the major single cause of Aboriginal deaths.
Her view is confirmed by the earliest reports Europeans arriving in two ships arriving in February and October 1803. The reports both confirmed the existence of smallpox in Victoria recording Aboriginal faces deeply pitted from the effects of smallpox.
George Augustus Robinson, who was the Chief Protector of Aboriginals, mentioned an extinct group on the Hopkins River which is east of Warrnambool.
’They died about the time the first white man came, There were not killed by whites but died from disease.’
According to the historian Jan Critchett, the chief locations of the small pox was close to Port Fairy at Moyne Lagoon and on the sand. The Moyne Lagoon is exactly opposite the location of the Dutch shipwreck and the most likely landing place.
What happened to the second ship?
The second ship sailed to NSW stopping at Georges River, Balmoral Beach, and Taree where a European skull was found that was dated before the arrival of the British.
It’s interesting to read what the British historian, James Bennett wrote in 1865.
‘…the Dutch…anchored in Botany bay, and, according to their usual custom, fixed a metal plate, with suitable inscription, on a rock or tree there, to commemorate their visit; and it has also been asserted that Captain Cook, or some of his crew, finding the plate in the possession of the natives, when they landed in 1770, and being desirous or having credit of the first discovery, agreed that nothing should be said of the circumstance.’
The most significant evidence he put forth was the existence of a Dutch map by the Dutch geographer Nicolas Struyck. Dalrymple claimed to have seen a Dutch map that showed the east-coast of Australia before the arrival of Cook.
At Balmoral Beach, (Mosman- Sydney), a 1740 coin was found in the 1940s.
Alexander Dalrymple, who was the British Admiralty hydrographer, wrote not long after Cook’s voyage, that “other nations could so clearly claim the right to antecedent discovery of the coastline, including the part most recently made familiar to the British public as a result of captain Cook’s voyage.’ | <urn:uuid:6c5ad9c3-46db-4712-bd36-a2b85dc52409> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.australiadiscovered.com.au/product/the-lost-white-tribes-part-two-the-lost-white-tribes-part-two-individuals-of-an-alien-white-race-paperback/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.977842 | 1,041 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Ford is to invest $4.5bn (£3bn) in electric vehicles over the next five years as part of a push by global carmakers to overhaul their product range.
The US company will launch 13 eco-friendly vehicles by 2020, meaning that 40% of its models will come in an electric version, up from 13%.
Ford’s move comes amid pressure from regulators for carmakers to lower their emissions, the growing threat of technology companies Apple and Google launching a car, and changing attitudes to vehicle ownership as people in cities use car-sharing services, taxis or public transport instead.
The pressure on carmakers has been increased by the diesel emissions scandal at Volkswagen, which has revealed that its diesel cars were more polluting than previously thought.
The investment in electric vehicles will include hybrid cars that still have a traditional engine, but also pure battery-powered vehicles. Ford will launch a Focus Electric next year that can be charged to 80% in 30 minutes, two hours faster than at present, and run for 100 miles.
Raj Nair, chief technical officer at Ford, said: “The challenge isn’t who provides the most technology in a vehicle but who best organises that technology in a way that most excites and delights people. By observing consumers, we can better understand which features and strengths users truly use and value and create even better experiences for them. This new way of working brings together marketing, research, engineering and design in a new way to create meaningful user experiences, rather than individually developing technologies and features that need to be integrated into a final product.”
Hoanguyen – http://vneec.gov.vn | <urn:uuid:44c531cb-2335-4787-b183-9952ddc7f6bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalexpo.com.vn/2015/12/21/ford-to-invest-3bn-in-electric-cars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969101 | 344 | 2.109375 | 2 |
A bunch of people were discussing outliners vs MS Word on Facebook the other day, and I was just working on one of my apps, in my outliner of course, and I wanted to offer a real user-point-of-view of why it's so much better to edit structures in an outliner than in a word processor.
Not talking about quick memos, but projects you're going to work on for months or years. Where the quality of the organization and note-taking determines how far you can go, re complexity.
It's one of the reasons I am able to build such complex software structures, but the end result turns out to be something people can use.
So I recorded an 11-minute podcast on the subject of outliners. I talk mostly about how I use an outliner to write and manage code that I work on over many years.
PS: This was a Facebook post earlier today.
I appreciate your work with outliners, which is why I find it interesting that the latest incarnation of your CMS appears to move away from Concord/Fargo and towards a basic input box like a word processor. For some reason I just like writing in an outliner, even though I don't always use functionality it provides.
I like writing in an outliner too, but I also write in Facebook and Twitter and they have text boxes at the top of the page. Both approaches are good. And btw, most people don't want to use an outliner for writing on the web. So if I want a chance at being competitive, it has to work roughly the way people expect it to.
This is timely for me as I was just showing my daughter how to outline an essay . Because she uses MS Word at school, that's what we tried to use. Made me remember how painful that is. It's as though someone designed an outliner with little idea how to use one. What's frustrating is that given the ubiquity of Word, this may be many people's only experience of using an outliner- enough to put anyone off. | <urn:uuid:fa160518-e13d-4b1b-9fda-1f476e1f7b7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://scripting.com/liveblog/users/davewiner/2015/11/25/0443.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974797 | 424 | 1.625 | 2 |
By Kim Crawley, RN
If you or your loved one are 65 years or older, you may be eligible for an Annual Wellness Visit, a free benefit offered by Medicare.
The Annual Wellness Visit is NOT a physical, but is a conversation between you and your healthcare professional to discuss your health history and any concerns you may have, and to review your medications and immunizations. It is also a time when you and your provider can review your existing health problems, determine what health issues may become a concern in the future and how to prevent them. The goals of an Annual Wellness Visit are to create a complete personal and family health history and to help prevent future health problems.
What to Bring to Your Annual Wellness Visit:
- A list of all your medications, including vitamins and supplements
- Names of all your healthcare providers
- Immunization records, including flu or pneumonia shots if applicable
Annual Wellness Visits are performed by a registered nurse. You can expect to discuss the following:
The visit will begin with the nurse collecting your family and personal health history. Your physician may have most of this information, but it is important to provide as much information as possible to ensure your health history is correct and complete.
A review of your medications, including those prescribed by other physicians, will be done to ensure your questions about your medications are answered, you won’t experience any negative interactions and to ensure your medications are being taken as prescribed.
A comprehensive list of your healthcare team for future reference will be created during the visit.
A comprehensive list of your immunizations is important so we can determine if you need additional vaccines.
Health Risk Assessment
A Health Risk Assessment includes your weight, height and blood pressure. You will be asked questions about your ability to care for yourself, about your memory, whether or not you are depressed, and your smoking and drinking habits. The purpose is to determine if you are at risk for future illnesses. Once the Health Risk Assessment is completed, your healthcare professional may recommend screenings in the event some concerns arose during the assessment. We are required to tell you if further screenings are required and if a co-pay will apply.
Medicare requires patients be provided with a Wellness Schedule which includes a list of all the screenings needed during the next five to 10 years. These screenings can include prostate exams, mammograms and heart-related testing. Many of these are free to the patient.
Personal Health Record
All of the information collected during your Annual Wellness Visit is compiled into one document called a Personal Health Record. You will receive a copy of your Personal Health Record during your visit. It is a great tool to use when you have to go to the hospital, see other doctors, or visit small clinics. The Personal Health Record helps ensure all of your healthcare providers have your complete health history. It can also be helpful to your adult children to have a copy of your Personal health Record in the event they need to represent you at the hospital or emergency room.
The Annual Wellness Visit gives you and your doctor a complete picture of your health and what you need to do to be healthier. The more you know about your health, the more likely you are to be your own advocate. To find a provider, click here. | <urn:uuid:915b60c7-11dc-4d4c-b5ce-dbbb2884e95a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mmhealth.org/news-and-events/education/medicare-wellness-visit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953593 | 685 | 1.828125 | 2 |
There are so many reasons you need to make sure you consume an adequate amount of potassium-rich foods daily. An important electrolyte, potassium is also the third most abundant mineral in the body. It interacts with sodium to perform a number of important functions every single day, such as balancing fluids and mineral levels within the body.
It’s why having low potassium levels can be so dangerous. Symptoms of low potassium — aka hypokalemia — are dangerous and can include severe headaches, dehydration and heart palpitations.
Fortunately, foods high in potassium are not only safe and healthy but also not difficult to come by.
Here are the recommendations for potassium from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine:
- 0–6 months: 400 milligrams/day
- 7–12 months: 860 milligrams/day
- 1–3 years: 2,000 milligrams/day
- 4–8 years: 2,300 milligrams/day
- 9–13 years: 2,500 milligrams/day for males and 2,300 milligrams/day for females
- 14–18 years: 3,000 milligrams/day for males and 2,300 milligrams/day for females
- Over 19 years: 3,400 milligrams/day for males and 2,600 milligrams/day for females
- Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding: 2,800–2,900 milligrams/day
In addition, athletes who work out for more than an hour most days may need even more potassium, and intakes vary based on muscle mass, activity levels, etc.
1 whole: 1,067 milligrams
Avocado is definitely one of the best potassium-rich foods. A 2013 study published in the Nutrition Journal revealed epidemiological data from 2001 to 2008 that describes the effects and benefits of avocado consumption on metabolic disease risk factors.
Overall, researchers found that people who ate avocados tended to have healthier diets overall, as well as an increased nutrient intake and a decreased likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome.
2. Lima Beans
1 cup: 955 milligrams
A single serving of lima beans can knock out over one-quarter of your daily potassium needs while also supplying a steady stream of other nutrients, including protein, fiber, iron and magnesium.
Lima beans are also versatile and easy to prepare, making them an easy potassium-rich side dish to accompany any meal.
3. Swiss Chard
1 cup, cooked: 961 milligrams
As one of the top foods high in potassium, Swiss chard is incredibly versatile and delicious. Not only can it be mixed into salads along with an assortment of other greens, but it can also be sautéed or added to pasta dishes, casseroles, soups or stews to enjoy the multitude of possible potassium benefits.
4. Acorn Squash
1 cup: 896 milligrams
Acorn squash nutrition is a vegetable source of potassium that doubles as a great source of antioxidants. Most impressively are the carotenoids contained in just one serving of acorn squash.
This type of antioxidant is well-known for helping prevent and fight various types of cancer, including skin, breast, lung and prostate cancer.
1 cup cooked: 839 milligrams
There’s a reason why spinach was the cartoon character Popeye’s power food of choice. Not only is spinach a potassium-rich food, but scientific research also shows that spinach contains plant chloroplast glycoglycerolipids, which are believed to act as cancer-fighting agents.
6. Sweet Potato
1 large: 855 milligrams
Sweet potatoes are one of the top foods high in potassium that contain a higher density of nutrients than white potatoes. Sweet potatoes are also high in beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin B6.
Plus, animal models show that sweet potatoes exhibit anti-ulcer activity and may be helpful in the successful treatment of peptic ulcers.
7. Wild-Caught Salmon
½ filet: 772 milligrams
In addition to potassium as well as other vitamins, minerals and protein, wild-caught salmon is loaded with health-promoting omega-3 fatty acids. The benefits of these essential fatty acids may include improved heart health and reduced symptoms of depression, high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, joint pain and chronic skin ailments like eczema.
8. Dried Apricots
½ cup: 756 milligrams
Dried apricots provide a quick and easy way to add potassium to your diet. Epidemiological studies have actually shown that people who consume dried apricot and other dried fruits tend to have healthier overall diets with more nutrients as well as a lower body weight. In moderation, dried fruit can be a healthy and potassium-rich snack choice.
1 whole: 667 milligrams
Pomegranates are awesome fruit sources of potassium. They’re also loaded with fiber, vitamin C and vitamin K, among other nutrients. Plus, the pomegranate also lands a spot on the list of top aphrodisiac foods due to its ability to reduce cortisol levels in the body.
10. Coconut Water
1 cup: 600 milligrams
Looking for more foods high in potassium that also come in liquid form? When you select a healthy variety without added sugars, you have a great beverage option that’s high in electrolytes like potassium but not too high in sugar or calories.
11. White Beans
½ cup: 502 milligrams
Not only do white beans contain a significant dose of potassium per serving, but they’re also high in fiber. Consuming fiber-rich foods like white beans helps lower your risk of diabetes and heart disease while also promoting weight control as well.
1 large: 487 milligrams
Exercising is one of the major ways that your potassium levels can get drained, which is why it’s crucial to consume potassium-rich foods like bananas after an intense gym session. Research also shows that bananas are rich in dopamine, a major mood-enhancing hormone.
1 can: 365 milligrams
Packed with vitamin B12, selenium and vitamin D, sardines are a nutritious and delicious addition to any diet. Besides being one of the top foods with potassium, sardines are also loaded with omega-3 fatty acids, a type of essential fatty acid that can help relieve inflammation, promote brain health and boost overall mood.
1 cup: 354 milligrams
Low in calories yet high in nutrients, peas are an excellent source of potassium and several other micronutrients that your body needs. Peas also contain a concentrated amount of antioxidants and polyphenols, which are thought to be responsible for their cancer-fighting, cholesterol-lowering properties.
1/2 cup: 259 milligrams
Adding a serving of beets to your diet is an easy way to take advantage of the plethora of potential potassium benefits. Beets are also high in dietary nitrates, which act as a vasodilator to help reduce blood pressure and support overall heart health.
- Hopefully, this list of foods high in potassium will help you to see that bananas aren’t your only option when it comes to getting your daily dose of potassium.
- There are actually many fruits and vegetables, and even fish, that rank even higher than bananas when it comes to their content of this vital mineral.
- There are so many delicious potassium-rich foods that can be eaten alone or in healthy recipes, which makes it easy not to fall short in the potassium department. | <urn:uuid:75734056-88ab-47c5-aef9-e39a0c2e9a6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://draxe.com/nutrition/potassium-rich-foods/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.913806 | 1,635 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Many factors influence appetite, including a person’s age, current medications, and underlying mental or physical health conditions. Sometimes, the cause is temporary, such as a stomach virus. However, never being hungry may indicate a more long-term issue.
Appetite refers to how much or how often a person feels like eating. It is not always consistent with the amount of food or nutrients that a person really needs. Depending on the cause, a person may be able to boost their appetite by making changes to their diet or lifestyle.
In this article, we look at the possible reasons why a person may never feel hungry and the treatment options. We also provide tips on how people can improve their appetite.
If a person never feels hungry, they are experiencing a loss of appetite. This can occur for many reasons, and it may feel different depending on the root cause. A lack of appetite may present as:
- having no urge to eat
- feeling no sensation of hunger
- feeling nauseated at the thought of food
- bloating, pain, or other symptoms that make eating uncomfortable
If appetite loss causes someone to eat less food, they may also experience unintentional weight loss, tiredness, or nutritional deficiencies.
Many physical health conditions can affect appetite. These include short-term illnesses, such as a cold or the flu, which can temporarily decrease appetite. However, once these illnesses resolve, a person’s appetite usually returns to normal.
When a loss of appetite lasts longer, it can be a sign of an underlying condition. Some examples of chronic conditions that can cause appetite loss include:
Pregnancy can also cause a loss of appetite due to hormonal changes, morning sickness, or pressure in the abdominal cavity.
A person’s mental and emotional health can also affect appetite. For example, some people may lose their appetite when they feel stressed. If stress occurs frequently or becomes chronic, these individuals may often have a low appetite. However, a 2018 study notes that chronic stress is typically more associated with overeating than undereating, particularly if high calorie foods are readily available.
Grief, sadness, and other emotions can decrease appetite, too. Several mental health conditions can also have this effect, including:
In the case of a substance use disorder, either a specific drug, such as cocaine, or disruption to a person’s eating habits can cause a loss of appetite.
A wide variety of medications can alter a person’s appetite. They may reduce feelings of hunger, change a person’s sense of smell or taste, or cause nausea. Any of these side effects could reduce a person’s interest in food.
Some medications and medical treatments that could have this effect include:
A person’s appetite can change with age. A reduced appetite is especially common among older adults, especially those who are female, reside in a nursing home, or are staying in the hospital.
Aging can affect appetite in various ways, including:
- Physiological changes: These include age-related changes in hormones, the digestive system, and the senses, such as smell or taste. Older adults are also more likely to have chronic illnesses that may affect their appetite.
- Psychosocial factors: Older people who are lonely may have a lower appetite. Mental health conditions, such as depression, can also play a role.
- Pharmacological factors: Many older adults take medications that can decrease appetite.
If a person’s loss of appetite has a specific underlying cause, addressing it may improve this symptom. This may mean seeking medical treatment for physical health conditions, seeing a therapist or counselor, or speaking with a doctor about adjusting the type or dosage of a current medication.
People can also take steps to stimulate their appetite at home, including those below.
However, anyone who experiences a persistent loss of appetite should consider contacting their doctor as the first step.
Some people may find it helpful to eat at regular times each day. If larger meals feel like too much, they can try eating smaller meals more frequently. This approach can help a person get enough calories and nutrients, even if they do not feel hungry.
Other ways to boost appetite include:
- Eating with friends: An older 2006 study found that people tended to eat more when they were eating with friends than when they were eating alone. Distractions can also take a person’s mind off what they are eating, which may help if someone feels nauseated.
- Eating enjoyable foods: Varied and tasty meals can stimulate a person’s interest in eating. People can try new recipes or return to old favorites. However, it is important to strike a balance between foods that are enjoyable and foods that are nutritious, if these do not overlap.
- Eating less fiber: While fiber has many health benefits, a high fiber diet is associated with appetite and weight loss due to its ability to help people feel fuller for longer. If someone eats a lot of fiber, reducing certain types of this nutrient may help them feel hungrier.
If eating enough is a struggle, people can try focusing on healthy, calorie-dense foods, such as avocado, sweet potato, nuts and nut butters, and olive oil.
A person may be able to boost their appetite by making simple changes to their routine. These could include:
- A regular sleep schedule: The body’s circadian rhythm dictates when someone feels sleepy or awake. However, circadian rhythm also regulates appetite. People who have irregular sleep schedules may find that this affects when they feel hungry. Where possible, it is advisable to try to go to sleep and wake up at similar times each day.
- Getting moderate exercise: Studies on the effects of exercise on appetite have had mixed results. However, some people find that moderate exercise stimulates their appetite.
- Staying cool: Exposure to heat can decrease appetite and food intake. This may occur during certain seasons, in hot climates, or during exercise. If heat could be a factor, a person can try to stay cool by drinking cold liquids, wearing lightweight and breathable clothes, and staying in the shade or in rooms with air conditioning.
If a person has a nutritional deficiency, getting more of that nutrient in their diet or taking a supplement may improve their appetite. For example, a person with a zinc deficiency could try taking zinc.
Fish oil may also help stimulate appetite. A 2013 randomized controlled trial found that after 3 weeks of taking fish oil, participants experienced a 20% reduction in feeling full after meals. The female participants also had an increased desire to eat.
It is important to speak with a doctor about a persistent disinterest in food, especially if it is making it difficult to eat enough. It is also important to mention any other new or unexplained symptoms, such as:
- feeling full quickly after eating
- bloating and indigestion
- diarrhea or constipation
- stomach pain
- dark urine
- blood in the stool
- significant or unintentional weight loss
A doctor can diagnose the underlying cause. If appropriate, they may also be able to prescribe appetite-stimulating drugs.
A person should not stop or change their dosage of any existing prescription medications that may be affecting their appetite without consulting a doctor first.
There are many possible causes of never feeling hungry. Short-term illnesses or medications may cause a temporary loss of appetite, while chronic physical or mental health conditions may cause longer lasting disruption.
Seeking help and support from a doctor is the first step in addressing any underlying conditions that may be affecting someone’s interest in food. People can also adjust their eating habits and lifestyle to try to stimulate their appetite. However, this is not a substitute for medical care.
Read More:Why am I never hungry? Possible causes of a low appetite | <urn:uuid:51ef9e8a-4ec0-485e-ac02-e9487fee3212> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thebingenewshubb.com/why-am-i-never-hungry-possible-causes-of-a-low-appetite/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958845 | 1,622 | 3.1875 | 3 |
The word “passivation” is one that is thrown around quite a bit in the metal finishing and cleaning world and seems to have a world of different meanings to different people. Although the word passivation is normally associated with stainless steel, there are several other metals that can be “passivated” in one way or another. The root of the word passivation, of course, relates to the passivity of the metal. In simple terms, the passivated metal is protected by a passivation layer from reaction with oxygen, water, chlorine ions and other sources of potential corrosion. Our friends at Wikipedia have some great information on passivation of metals including stainless steel for those who are interested in learning more at Passivation.
Clearly, however, I wouldn’t be writing this blog if Wikipedia had covered everything. In metal finishing and cleaning there are a few different ways that we use the word passivation.
- Stainless Steel equipment is passivated during or after fabrication. Stainless steel itself is naturally passivating as it forms a protective corrosive layer spontaneously on exposure to air and water. In real life, however, it is difficult if not impossible to prevent contamination of stainless steel as it is fabricated into tanks, tubes and other geometries required to make an industrial cleaning machine. The tools used in fabrication are seldom corrosion resistant themselves and, therefore, leave small amounts of contamination behind as a result of abrasion during bending, sawing, graining (sanding), cutting and other fabrication procedures. Even tools supposedly dedicated to only the fabrication of stainless steel can leave deposits behind and, in fact, even pristine stainless steel may have exposed grain boundaries that are subject to corrosion. Passivation is accomplished by washing completed fabrications with acid, usually Nitric Acid, which will dissolve and remove any remaining non-passive contaminants which might other wise spawn corrosion.
- “Passivation” has also become the designator for any process using Nitric and, sometimes, Citric Acid to alter the surface conditions of a workpiece. The passivation process usually involves cleaning as a first step. The purpose of cleaning is to remove oil, grease and other surface contaminants that would not be removed otherwise by the acid passivation process. Most hydrocarbons are at least partially resistant to acids. Without a pre-clean, the acid would not be able to reach and passivate all surfaces. Precleaning is usually followed by a rinse to prevent contamination of the passivating acid by the cleaning chemistry. Subsequent acid passivation is usually accomplished using a series of acid tanks. As the acid in the first tank is depleted, it is discarded and replaced with the contents of the second. The contents of successive acid tanks is moved forward one step in the process. Acid passivation is normally followed by one or more water or slightly caustic rinses (to counter-act any remaining acid) followed by drying.
- In a slight misnomer, “passivation” has also become associated with processes that perform the normal function of metallic passivation but also perform another perhaps even more critical function of removing bacteriological residues from workpieces. Although both functions are intended and desired, the degree of effectiveness of a particular set of process parameters may vary depending on specific conditions and expectations. Eliminating biological contaminants usually requires heat.
As you can see, the word passivation means different things to different people. The expectations for any specification of a “passivation” process should be fully understood prior to designing equipment to perform the process. Cleaning, although an important step in the passivation process, is not capable of true passivation in most instances unless and acid is involved.
Footnote – In the process of preparing this blog for posting I, as usual, ran it through the Word Press spellchecker which insisted that I use the word passivisation instead of passivation. Further research revealed that the word passivisation does not exist although perhaps it should. But that’s a subject for another blog.
– FJF – | <urn:uuid:59d56c02-5c3f-4be9-a5ad-0795bafc824e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techblog.ctgclean.com/2012/04/what-is-passivation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954448 | 825 | 3.34375 | 3 |
When Madi was 15 months old, we were at a playground and we met a little girl who was 16 months old. This little girl was speaking at a very advanced level! Meeting this little girl made me worried that Madi’s speech and language development were behind. I began to frantically try to teach Madi new words; but I soon realized that I was over-reacting. Every child develops differently and that Madi was exactly where she needed to be with her speech and language.
How common is speech and language delay in children?
Approximately 10 to 15 percent of two-year-old children have speech and language delay. But the good news is the vast majority of them catch up within the next few years with early intervention!
Only 4 to 5 percent of children remain speech delayed after three years of follow-up.
How can I help my child who is more behind in speech?
There are many ways you can help your child with their speech. It is important to make sure you follow up with your doctor regularly. The good news is that if your little one is behind on speech the odds are they will eventually catch up! There are even ways that you can your child improve their language skills right in your own home.
Speech slowly and enunciate
When speaking to your child in your home, try to speak slowly and succinctly. Try to enunciate as much as you can. It is also helpful to over-emphasize how you move your mouth to make the word sounds so children see what their mouths need to do.
Give your child a play-by-play of what you are doing
Talk out loud as much as possible and describe everything you are doing. The more opportunity your child has to hear you communicate, the more opportunity they have to learn how to communicate!
Label objects as much as you can
When you are spending time with your child try to point out familiar objects in the home, in books, and on TV. It may be boring to you but it could be new to your child! “That’s a lawnmower” or “That’s a bridge”.
Invite your child to repeat back to you the name of the object. Congratulate their efforts every time they make effort to repeat back the name of the object.
Ask open-ended questions to your child, and expand on the conversation
In our busy lives, we often forget to ask open-ended questions to your children! Children all too often have all of their day-to-day decisions made for them. Taking the time to ask open-ended questions to your child, listen to their responses, and encourage them to speak out more will not only help support your child’s speech but also their self-esteem.
When your child starts a conversation, try to help them keep the conversation going and expand on each topic they bring up. This will invite them to keep learning, and will help develop their speech and language.
Read books to your child and eventually have your child read books to you
Try to sit down and read a few short stories. As your child’s speech and language abilities grow, begin to have your child read the books back to you! When they slip up or make a mistake, gently correct them.
If your child says something incorrect, help them correct it in a positive and supportive way
Try not to talk down to your child if they mispronounce something or have difficulty learning a new word. Instead, rephrase, repeat, and re-label until your child is able to understand.
Replace evening television time with book reading
Screen time before bed has been show to have poor impact on sleep (on special occasions we break this rule and have movie nights). Instead use this time to wind down with a fun book. This is a great way to incorporate speech and language learning into your child’s bedtime routine.
Go to the library regularly!
Studies show that children’s language skills are greatly enhanced with reading books. If possible, visit the library regularly and encourage your child to take out as many books as they like! You can even use positive reinforcement every time your child completes a book.
Repetition, repetition, repetition
It takes everybody time to learn something new. I always try to imagine if it was ME trying to learn a new language that it would take me forever. With your child, repeat – repeat – repeat.
Use positive reinforcement
When your child does well – is able to say a whole sentence, is able to say a new word, or communicate more effectively – make sure to make a great deal about this and congratulate them!
There are some red flag milestones that are important to be aware of regarding speech that may suggest your child needs extra support or a medical evaluation. The good news is that most children develop language in their own time and in their own ways. Most children who are delayed in speech do catch up eventually, but some children require additional support. Never hesitate to see your family doctor or pediatrician if you are concerned about your child’s development. | <urn:uuid:0d53908d-7d7f-44bd-af1e-eefb08a7c588> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifeofdrmom.com/tips-for-children-with-speech-and-language-delay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.977352 | 1,054 | 3.3125 | 3 |
t to Expect From How to Start Writing an Essay?
Top Choices of How to Start Writing an Essay
The tips given below should help out with the job of writing an obit. Even though there’s no rigid formula for writing an excellent introduction but we can realize we have many methods and guidelines we could readily adopt to make superior success. You wish to spell out how you’re most likely to approach your topic.
All the subsequent paragraphs will be in a clearly defined steps arrangement, that will result in the last goal. You don’t need to argue for or against this problem you’re writing on. If you’re interested in understanding how to write a fantastic essay, you ought to undergo those tips.
Nowadays, based on how many pages your essay should be, only concentrate on a segment at the same time and supply some evidence. Economics is just one particular topic which should be given due consideration whilst writing editorials. A great introduction is the one which gives clear notion to the reader concerning the goal of the essay.
The 30-Second Trick for How to Start Writing an Essay
Essay writing is a well-known practice in several schools and colleges across the united states. A excellent research paper help company has an exceptional reputation for providing its customers with good high quality research paper example help at reasonable rates.
Composing an article is a wonderful exercise for your mind, since it enables you to research and write about a subject from many angles. So whenever you are likely to compose an essay attempts to deliver an appealing and coordinated introduction to it. The very best thing about writing an informative article is that the broad variety of topics you can select from.
Well there are a couple of general guidelines to remember when you’re starting your essay. In order so as to construct and pursue the interest of the grad essay, you also must opt for a subject with source materials readily offered. You have to understand the 3 standard components of the essay.
The purpose of your essay must be to evaluate. Usually, narrative essays are written in the very first individual. Be sure you have covered all of the big pieces of the essay on your outline as introduction, body and finish before you begin writing the article.
The Debate Over How to Start Writing an Essay
Essay writing is frequently a daunting undertaking to numerous women and men. Writing an obituary for somebody who has been an substantial part your life can be thought of a type of treatment, and it’ll be able to help you express your pent up feelings. Writing this kind of essay isn’t a very simple endeavor.
The Unusual Secret of How to Start Writing an Essay
At times you’ll discover that isn’t always possible, but if you see a part of your article which could be revised with fewer words, it is always advisable. You are able to find more than 1 example for each stage as it is possible to select the most appropriate ones when you’re finally composing it. | <urn:uuid:8abbdf07-488b-4c49-98a3-2f8d5d3a27da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artofcuhk.hk/8870/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940597 | 623 | 2.28125 | 2 |
An ordinary programmer googled something and got to a repository with malicious code and decided to find out how many more such infected repositories that are easily googled.
August 3 Stephen Lacy wrote on twitter that he “discovered a massive attack on 35,000 GitHub repositories”, on crypto, golang, python, js, bash, docker, k8s projects, as well as npm scripts, docker images and installation documents. (He later clarified that not “35,000 repositories”, but 35,000 “code hits”)
Shortly after his tweet, either GitHub or the attacker removed most of the public forks, and a couple of hours later appears tweet from a newly created user account @Pl0xPwhere he claims that he is behind the attack, and this is part of the bug bounty audit.
Most of the commits seem harmless, with messages like “upgrade to 0.3.11”.
Some of these repo histories include commits from the original author, but the commit is not verified by GPG: github.com/redhat-openshift-ecosystem/operator-bundle-validate-container/commits?author=samvarankashyap
Some of these repositories have been “archived”, such as this one in 2019.
Some of them are disguised as legitimate-looking pull requests, but the repository has not received any PRs. Every go file in this repository has been infected.
Stephen Lacy discovered the exploit while browsing a project he found in a Google search. He recommends not installing random packages from the internet, and encourages signing GPG commits.
This attack is possibly aimed at users who type in search-engines-related code snippets and end up in these malicious GitHub repositories.
Here is a possible attack scenario:
- An attacker forks a GitHub repository
- The attacker modifies the last original commit and adds malicious code using the original commit ID.
- The malicious payload sends sensitive environment variables to the attacker’s infrastructure and then waits for a command from the attacker to execute on the machine.
It appears that the attacker modified the most recent commit and modified it with malicious code. He may have planned to inject this code into the original forked project.
By making or committing changes in the right way, attackers can impersonate another GitHub user and give the impression that the commit comes from them. This is done by modifying certain environment variables locally to obtain the username and email address of the user that the attacker would like to impersonate.
Screenshot of one of the infected commits. Note that the commit signature is not verified
Infected Golang files
It appears that the attacker ran a program to “fix” each of the cloned project’s “.go” files with an initialization function, thus being able to exfiltrate environment variables and execute code on the victim’s machine. This malicious code will not work if the “e452d6ab=1” environment variable is defined:
NPM infected files
It looks like the attacker ran a program to “fix” each of the cloned project’s “package.json” files with a “postinstall” statement, having the logic to exfiltrate environment variables and execute the code on the victim’s machine:
Infected YAML files
The YAML files, infrastructure configuration, and containers have been modified with additional steps to run the curl command to exfiltrate all environment variables into a custom service:
The claim that this is an “audit” is contradicted by two things:
- The code has filtered out important environment variables. Let’s say you’re doing a POC and sending your computer name is more than enough.
- After the data was exfiltrated, the server sent commands to be executed on the victim’s machine.
Tane Piper wrote that 5 years ago he reported almost the same exploit in @npmjsbut no one took it seriously.
Sven Slootweg commented: “This is not really so much an ‘npm exploit’ as a more fundamental problem with access control in current generation operating systems. Removing the post-installation scripts won’t really solve anything – instead, you’ll just paste your malicious code somewhere in the package code.”
GitHub as an attack vector in the era of automated ci/cd pipelines is incredibly underrated.
This attack is aimed at naive developers, so be careful when you google code snippets. And if it was still the work of a white hacker, then he chose very potentially malicious methods. | <urn:uuid:529446ae-e1ee-47b1-9a6e-d3d977e8149c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prog.world/stranger-things-on-github/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923724 | 1,041 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Learn step-by-step processes for Plinth Beam Construction
This construction video provides detailed information on the reinforcement & Concreting of Plinth Beam/tie beam/curtain wall/base wall etc.
The foundation and plinth are the primary elements to safeguard a building.
Beam is placed over the foundation i.e. at plinth level. The beam is built up at ground level. The condensed soil is used to fill the empty space between the foundation and plinth level. Brick or stone masonry is generally developed under the plinth beam.
The plinth should be substantial. Now-a-days RCC plinths are mostly casted in various constructions.
In RCC frame structure, plinth functions as a tie, as a beam at ground level itself. RCC plinth beams are very useful to resist earthquake easily so they are mostly recommended to develop any building.
For boulder-packed foundation in loose soil, RCC plinth is suitable to transmit load perfectly. | <urn:uuid:ac455412-22a9-4340-b171-ef9bf088ff25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://quantity-takeoff.com/plinth-beam-construction.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9176 | 207 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Having ONLY coffee for breakfast is horribly detrimental to your health, so try to have something else. Grabbing a fruit to go is pretty good, but not enough. Here’s a quick, balanced breakfast idea: One bowl full of whole grain cereal with milk and the normal fruit that you have anyways.
If you think that you won’t have time to have a balanced breakfast, try to get up earlier. It’s really worth it!
Hope this helped 🙂
After drinking a cold glass of water I strongly suggest adding some proteins it will fuel your body sufficiently without the effect of the sugar which tends to give you a boost then slow you down.
It can be in any form really. Even smoothies works fine. It is quick, convenient, can be carried easily.
Try the following recipe to start then look up online for more.
1 cup of almond milk (ideally the refrigerated one)
2-3 tablespoon of almond butter
1 teaspoon of honey *more or less depending of the sweetness of the banana.
I wish you good luck
(Or any other fruit) plus orange because oranges are Rich of "vitamin C" Wich will help you to stay awake.
Just like what this app have told us you need to start small, eat anything, just one slice, when u get used to it and it becomes a daily habit u can add more, an egg, toast… You know better what you want!
- What do you do if you don’t have the ingredients for a healthy breakfast in the fridge that morning?
- How much food do normal people eat? I’m a light eater. Sometimes I feel I need to eat more than I usually eat, even though I feel full. Is it okay to eat less?
- What’s your favourite breakfast?
- What time is the best time to eat breakfast? Straight away or after your morning routine?
- Do you cook (i.e. need a stove) for breakfast?
- Are you better at eating on a daily basis?
- Do you meal prep?
- what the most breakfast time to eat ?
- I don’t know much about flax seed. I do know they go in smoothies but I’m not much of a smoothie person… yet. I’d like recipes for cooking or creative ideas for beginners 😎
- Do you eat breakfast before working out or after? | <urn:uuid:bbe6346a-577a-40a1-be37-3e2318f4be9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thefabulous.co/qa/i-am-actually-not-used-to-having-breakfast-im-trying-to-have-something-everyday-even-if-thats-a-fruit-and-a-coffee-or-just-a-coffee-is-that-enough-if-i-eat-anything-else-i-get/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947128 | 519 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Speaking out on education
When a Whanganui doctor – dressed in scrubs – protested about the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement in 2015, it opened a debate on whether professionals had the right to speak out on issues in areas in which they were experts. Kate Drury reports on speaking-out rights.
The right to speak out has been discussed broadly since the Whanganui case.
For teachers it came to a head when the Privacy Commissioner chastised the former Education Minister Hekia Parata for replying to the school board of a teacher (instead of the teacher) who had written to the minister, in her own time, a private letter about the teacher’s concern about a government proposal to increase class sizes.
In the case of the Whanganui doctor, he was protected by his collective agreement which included specific clauses to protect the right of doctors to engage in public debate on matters relevant to their expertise and experience.
The DHB was criticised for not backing doctors – as medicines were set to get more expensive under what was known about the TPPA at the time.
The teaching profession has a new code of standards called: Our Code, Our Standards – code of professional responsibility and standards for the teaching profession.
The new code applies to registered teachers (and those with Limited Authority to Teach) and outlines professional responsibilities. There is not a lot about a right to speak out.
NZEI Te Riu Roa’s submission on the draft code last year stated that teachers needed a voice in the public arena.
“Not only do teachers need to contribute to the development and promotion of sound educational policy, as is in the current code, they also need to be able to speak out and be a critic of those policies that do not meet the needs of learners or that may have unintended harmful consequences. This should be included in the code.”
It was not included in the new code. However there were some concessions after a raft of submissions.
Teacher educators’ view
Paul Heyward is an initial teacher educator at the University of Auckland and has been responsible for introducing student teachers to the Education Council New Zealand (formerly the New Zealand Teachers Council (NZTC) Code of Ethics for Registered Teachers.
He and fellow colleagues also made a submission on the draft code.
What concerned Heyward was that he believed that the draft code of professional responsibility eroded the ability of teachers to exercise independence of mind when speaking out on issues of that impacted on learners, whanau and community.
He said that a few things in the old code had been omitted in the draft, such as “commitment to society” – actively supporting programmes that would support equality for all and, by inference, opposing policies that don’t.
Also, under “commitment to profession” which talked about encouraging the profession to contribute to the development education policy and professional culture and under “responsible care” – speaking out on fundamental human rights and for the most vulnerable individuals – “these were gone,” he says.
He believes there was more in the old code to protect teachers and principals speaking out on education policy and on issues they believed in. For example in the old code the principle of truth provided teachers with explicit protection in speaking out as the principle encouraged “teachers to show professional independence of mind and action when that is required”. And while the new code was amended after submissions, he feels it is not as strong.
“However, we can shape it, rather than it being done to us – it is after all called our code.
“We have an obligation to speak out on polices that are not in the best interest of learners and some of the values in the new code such as whanaungatanga – allows for speaking out on issues that affect the community and children’s wellbeing.”
He also argues that the principle of inclusiveness (whakamana) in the code: “allows for speaking out for the children in your class and the need for promoting inclusive practices.
“You can only do that with adequate funding.”
“My position is that there is no way in the world that you can be a teacher and not be political. You are engaged in politics in everything you do….we have the Bill of Rights and we have the right to freedom of expression.
“I don’t think that a code should be about what good behaviour is and what is bad behaviour is [reference to code examples in practice]. It should instead be saying these are the key principles that we need to consider when we are faced with the complex decisions that we make every day.
“While we can use the Code of Professional Responsibility to justify why we speak out on issues, I think that it is a step backwards from the original Code of Ethics.”
Education Council response on the new code
Education Aoteara: How do teachers’ right to speak out on issues in which they have professional expertise fit into the new code?
Education Council: Our Code Our Standards has been crafted by teachers, leaders and teaching experts to articulate the expectations and aspirations of our profession. The code sets out the high standards for ethical behaviour that are expected of every teacher. The standards describe the expectations of effective teaching practice. Together they set out what it is and what it means, to be a teacher in Aotearoa New Zealand.
The code and standards provide teachers with guidance and examples about the expected behaviours agreed to be upheld by the profession. Teachers and leaders can use these two documents to support conversations about professional learning and practice as well as behaviours.
The code envisages that teachers will be engaging in conversations about developments in education and best practice for teaching and learning and advocating for the provision of high-quality educational programmes for all learners (you will find these statements in the code guidance).
EA: Do you think the new code makes this easier or harder than it was under the old code?
EC: We believe the code and standards makes the profession’s aspirations and expectations clearer. They are the result of over a year of close consultation with teachers and leaders across the profession. We worked with a team of writers to develop these materials in both English and te reo to better reflect contemporary teaching. In particular, we consulted with early childhood specialists and a Māori Medium advisory group to make sure the new standards work in a range of learning contexts.
In March 2017, we received over 2,100 submissions to our six-week consultation on the draft code and standards. We also ran a trial to verify the standards, with teachers in early childhood, primary, secondary and kura, and with both students and teachers in initial teacher education settings.
EA: What is the purpose of the examples in Code of Professional Responsibility – Examples in Practice? That is, the lists of examples of behaviour that demonstrate a commitment to providing high-quality and effective teaching and those that do not?
- In reference to speaking out we refer specifically to: maintaining public trust and confidence in the teaching profession
- Could having such lists give the perception that the code is more a “code of conduct” than a code of professional responsibility.
EC: The purpose of the examples is to provide guidance for teachers and leaders who told us that having examples were helpful. The examples came from the development process and focus groups, and were tested with the profession; they’re not intended as a finite list and much will be dependent on the school or centre’s context. The feedback thus far has been positive, which, we believe, is because the code and the standards were co-designed by the profession.
EA: In regards to speaking out, where do you see the new code being in a possible hierarchy of competing rights and responsibilities. For example: New Zealand Bill of Rights Act (1990), Human Rights Act (1993), Employment Relations Act (2000). Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
EC: The code and standards are about the expectations for how teachers behave and perform their role every day; they’re part of the Education Act and in our view complement existing pieces of legislation and regulation that reflect the trust and respect society places upon teachers. | <urn:uuid:97e9d954-79d5-4436-86f4-034394c2dc0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ea.org.nz/speaking-out-on-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968312 | 1,700 | 2.234375 | 2 |
The Values of Language Immersion for Children
Growing up in the United States during the 80s and 90s, you didn’t hear much in the way of language immersion learning. Sure, you had foreign language classes by the time you reached middle school, but you only attended those a few times a week. It was anything but immersive.
These days, we understand a lot more about language immersion learning programs and their benefits. Two-way immersion programs, like the one at La Scuola International School in San Francisco, start the dual-language process as early as preschool and capitalize on those benefits to help students develop skills to last a lifetime.
If you’re wondering how a two-way immersion language program could benefit your child, then we have some exciting information for you.
Benefits of Language Immersion Learning
When children learn in two languages from an early age, research shows they develop enhanced cognitive function. This means a child’s ability to hold attention (focus without distraction), control inhibition, and easily switch from one task to another is improved. Modern educators call these capabilities “executive function” and are recognizing the vast benefits in the classroom as well as the real world.
For example, when a child learns two languages, he or she develops the ability to switch between one language and the other. This skill translates to the learning environment, where children often need to go from one task to the next, and later in life in many different circumstances.
Language immersion learning sets children up for a lifetime of improved cognitive performance, including protecting them from cognitive decline and dementia.
Fluency in Two Languages
Aside from the obvious benefits to brain function, language immersion teaches kids to speak in two different languages. That by itself is amazing, but what is also impressive is how it’s done.
At La Scuola International School in San Francisco, students learn in two languages from the very beginning. All instruction is given in Italian (the school’s “second” language) starting in preschool, and the amount of English instruction increases with each grade. Students learn the second language better because they acquire them by learning subject matters in those languages, and (after fourth grade) even do better on tests in English than students who only speak English.
The benefits of being bilingual? Children can read more, speak more easily with different people and understand different cultures, express themselves with greater clarity, have more job opportunities and potentially higher pay. In other words, they gain a richer life experience.
Learn More about Language Immersion Learning
Share this Post | <urn:uuid:d91b0398-6c2d-47b6-9da6-bda1ad79439b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.lascuolasf.org/italian-language-immersion-why-do-language-immersion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960119 | 534 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Ask anyone in America to name the town most associated with witchcraft and chances are they will answer Salem, Massachusetts. Salem, once home to the most famous case of witch hunting in American history, now hosts a month long convention of psychics and witches. Founded by self described warlock Christian Day, long time resident of the area, the Annual Psychic Fair and Witchcraft Expo is a month long convention at the Museum Place Mall.
Attendees can learn about divination methods like Tarot card and Palmistry, commune with their dead or learn about their past lives. They can even discover the best herbs for prosperity and how to use them effectively as well as other witchcraft related tips. Psychic readings are well-loved by people who have a spiritual core and need guidance. Often paired with the zodiac star signs, a psychic reading explains your reaction to events happening in your daily life, as well as any problems you may face in the future. You can get cheap psychic readings over the telephone if you want to discuss problems or worries with one to see if the future holds anything that can help you.
When: Every day for the entire month of October
Cost: Admission is free, but if you’d like to be a vendor, the cost is $600 per booth for the entire month.
Who can be a vendor: Those selling magical or metaphysical products or those wishing to promote witch / Pagan activism.
For help creating your own unique trade show both or fair booth design, contact Xibit Solutions.
Have you ever been to the Psychic Fair? Would you want to? | <urn:uuid:d0c1d87c-0aca-49ab-974f-df9cf4d09158> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://xibitsolutions.com/unique-expo-psychic-fair-and-witchcraft-expo-in-salem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941693 | 324 | 1.765625 | 2 |
The US inflation expectations are rising, lifting treasury yields on expectations for more significant fiscal stimulus alongside a continued monetary stimulus.
The US 10-year breakeven inflation rate, which represents how the market foresees long-term price pressures, rose to 2.06% on Wednesday, the highest level since November 2018, having bottomed near 0.5% in March 2020, according to data provided by the St. Louis Federal Reserve. Markets collapsed in March on fears of a coronavirus-induced recession.
The 10-year US treasury yield has risen above 1% for the first time since March 2020.
The US Democrats swept Georgia elections held on Tuesday, gaining control of the Senate. With the party now having control over what legislation will pass through Congress, President-elect Joe Biden would be able to deliver a bigger fiscal stimulus package.
An uptick in inflation expectations could bode well for scare store of value assets such as gold. The yellow metal is currently trading near $1,920 per ounce.
Information on these pages contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Markets and instruments profiled on this page are for informational purposes only and should not in any way come across as a recommendation to buy or sell in these assets. You should do your own thorough research before making any investment decisions. FXStreet does not in any way guarantee that this information is free from mistakes, errors, or material misstatements. It also does not guarantee that this information is of a timely nature. Investing in Open Markets involves a great deal of risk, including the loss of all or a portion of your investment, as well as emotional distress. All risks, losses and costs associated with investing, including total loss of principal, are your responsibility. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of FXStreet nor its advertisers. The author will not be held responsible for information that is found at the end of links posted on this page.
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FXStreet and the author do not provide personalized recommendations. The author makes no representations as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability of this information. FXStreet and the author will not be liable for any errors, omissions or any losses, injuries or damages arising from this information and its display or use. Errors and omissions excepted.
The author and FXStreet are not registered investment advisors and nothing in this article is intended to be investment advice. | <urn:uuid:b5f4440e-5238-461b-870b-ea48e97fa5a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fxstreet.com/news/us-inflation-expectations-highest-since-november-2018-202101070134 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950371 | 558 | 1.507813 | 2 |
What is wrong with my pittosporum? In many growing situations, pittosporum are subject to pests and diseases which attack leaves, stems and roots. The most common diseases of pittosporum are angular leaf spot, Rhizoctonia aerial
What is wrong with my pittosporum?
In many growing situations, pittosporum are subject to pests and diseases which attack leaves, stems and roots. The most common diseases of pittosporum are angular leaf spot, Rhizoctonia aerial blight, Southern blight, root rots and dieback.
How do you bring a dying bush back to life?
Fast action is necessary to cure it. Pull the soil away from the base of the stems and upper roots. Place fresh soil over the roots after the stems and upper roots dry out. Water the shrub until the soil is wet to a depth of 1 to 2 feet, then allow the soil to dry before watering it again to prevent rot.
How do you rejuvenate pittosporum?
Old variegated pittosporums that have become leggy, too tall or misshaped are rejuvenated by cutting them back to a low, woody framework in mid-spring.
Can you cut pittosporum back hard?
Pittosporum. During the first spring after planting, cut back the main stems by about one-third to encourage sideshoots and a bushy habit. Old and neglected plants respond well to severe pruning and can be cut back hard at this time of year. Trim established hedges annually during April and again in May.
What kills pittosporum trees?
Zero Glyphosate 490 can be applied to kill the roots of the photinia and pittosporum trees that you no longer want in your garden. You will need to cut the tree close to the ground now, while it is still actively growing.
How do you know when a shrub is dying?
5 Signs Your Tree or Shrub is Sick (or Dying) & What to Do
- You See Discoloration. Discoloration is one of the telltale signs a tree or shrub is sick.
- Leaves Look Munched Upon.
- There’s “Something” on Your Trees and Shrubs.
- The Leaves are Stippled, Dull, or Distorted.
- You See Bark Problems.
When should you cut back pittosporum?
Simply prune to the shape and size you require. If you do want to prune your Pittosporum the best times are between April and July. If you prune them later in year the new foliage which grows as a response to pruning may be damaged more easily during the winter.
How do you get rid of pittosporum bugs?
There is no specific pesticide registered for the control of the pittosporum bug. However, the product Yates Baythroid, Lawn Grub and Insecticide is registered to control bugs on ornamental plants.
Will Pittosporum grow back after freeze?
You should wait until the following spring to assess the extent of the damage, when you can check branches with freeze-injured leaves for new growth, an indicator that they can probably recover. If the branch is dry and brittle, prune it back to an area that shows signs of life under the bark. | <urn:uuid:2e9773a5-688a-477a-92cb-51796da37d12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://missionalcall.com/2020/06/07/what-is-wrong-with-my-pittosporum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936143 | 713 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Using great design and WordPress to bring the UK’s history to life
Historic UK is the first website of its kind, dedicated to bringing the history and heritage of Britain to life. Founded in 2000 by two history-loving friends, the original website comprised of two sections: The Historic Accommodation Guide – a collection of historic buildings across the UK, and History Magazine – a monthly publication of those weird, gruesome and interesting bits of history that were often left out of the school curriculum.
- Custom Design
- Responsive Theme Development
- Extended Search Functionality
- Custom XML Exporter Build
“First class service and a website that was on-time, on-budget and exceeded expectations.”Ben Johnson, Historic UK
In 2010, a brand new search engine was introduced for the accommodation guide, alongside the ability to filter history articles by type. Historic UK is now one of the largest history websites in the UK, receiving an average of more than 850,000 page views every month.
When Historic UK first got in touch with us, their website had not been updated for seven years, since their anniversary refresh in 2010.
Historic initially asked us to to migrate its website from a closed source, proprietary LAMP-based CMS (called ‘Decibel’) over to WordPress, ensuring that we maintain the design and functionality of the original site.
Working closely with the Historic UK team, we started by creating custom page templates for the new website, ensuring that the new designs would be responsive across all mobile devices. While we took inspiration from the original design, we worked together to bring it more up to date and improve the user experience, making it easier for visitors to find what they need.
We updated the look and feel of the site to increase the focus on the two main sections, Accommodation and History Magazine. We improved the search engine function to allow people to search for accommodation by location and type, reducing the number of steps needed to get to the booking stage. We also moved the newsletter sign-up to the homepage, to encourage readers to develop an ongoing relationship with Historic UK.
Finally, to move all the content from the old site to the new one, we needed to convert the original XML files, which are not standard WordPress exports, to make them compatible with the new CMS. To allow us to do this, our developer built a custom XML exporter, which converted the files to create WordPress data and posts, which we could then migrate to the new website.
Following the work we did to improve the user experience on their site, the Historic UK team quickly saw positive results. After the new website was launched, they found that visitors were spending twice as long on the site and were viewing more pages than before. The bounce rate reduced and the revenue from AdSense increased by 39%, achieving all of their objectives for the new website, and more.
When it came time to redesigning our website, we didn’t even consider anyone else. First class service and a website that was on-time, on-budget and exceeded expectations. | <urn:uuid:8449e106-c5f7-49cb-b890-b932fd9303ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wholegraindigital.com/work/wordpress-history-website/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956016 | 650 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds > Concept #6 Quiz
Identify the convergent boundary features illustrated along this typical oceanic-continental plate boundary.
For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image.
rifting and basaltic magmatism
subduction, continental collision, and volcanic arc magmatism
side-to-side sliding of plates, and no magmatism
none of these
north margin of India
west margin of S. America
north margin of the Pacific Plate
a. Indian Eurasian plate margin (north side of India)
b. Nazca and S. American plate margin (west S. America)
both a. and b.
neither a. nor b. | <urn:uuid:0b13ccf8-3688-47a8-82f3-a3f5b85b8c60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wps.prenhall.com/esm_tarbuck_earth_8/19/5071/1298361.cw/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.715306 | 190 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Most of the moment grass organizations provide their grass care solutions in bundles that may range from organization to business. However in many cases there are some common elements in all these packages, specifically in a fundamental grass care package. Typical attributes found in almost all grass care bundles: Standard yard treatment services contained in a basic package: regular grass mowing, weed as well as grass cutting, and also garden upkeep. There are other additional solutions as chosen by the client and the lawn service. Extra solutions may consist of secure fencing, landscape style, or winterizing the grass. All these extra solutions will certainly boost the price of the overall yard cutting work done however will all contribute to the quality of the lawn treatment services offered. Along with the above, some business residential properties may choose to have a water yard instead of yard. Water yards add an extra level of beauty to a residential property with its exotic plants, water fountains, or ponds.
This is another advantage that makes water gardens preferred for business residential properties. If you’re thinking about doing a water garden for your building, please keep in mind that it’s not simply an instance of mowing the grass. Please, also bear in mind that if you choose to hire a mower to reduce the grass on your building that the lawn starter (the plant that produces the lawn) needs to be watered daily. Failure to do so could bring about the premature death of the grass starter, or the failing of the lawnmower to cut the yard. Another point to think about in yard care services is the edging. Edging adds a gorgeous edge to the residential property and also provides it character. Some typical bordering alternatives are using pre-programmed turf edging, hand trowel edging, as well as gas trowel edging. Additionally, numerous business residential properties select to place landscape bordering along their fencing; once more this can add some really pleasing and unique features to the residential or commercial property. You’ll intend to select one that matches the character of your residential or commercial property. If you do not have the luxury of having a properly mounted lawn or turf, there is a choice for you which is utilizing a plastic mulch. Mulch in nature functions as a natural weed obstacle, therefore keeping unwanted weeds from growing. It additionally produces an extra beautiful grass, because it does not have the appearance of all-natural lawn. As pointed out previously, many yard treatment solutions supply various options in terms of grass as well as turf; you’ll wish to get the most effective lawn treatment solution that offers these alternatives to you in order to keep a healthy and balanced as well as appealing grass year-round. The most common composts are: the hot-mix, hot/short-term, or the soft/short-term composts. If you are interested in utilizing business homes for domestic grass care services, there are many different points that you can do in order to keep a stunning grass that will make your residential or commercial property extra eye-catching.
Several business properties select an annual grass care strategy, which is an excellent method to supply your yard with the interest that it requires without ever before having to worry about trying to keep it looking stunning all year long. Furthermore, if you are a homeowner, you might additionally consider including some ornamental enhancements like yard sculpture, trees, or statuaries. If you intend to have an appealing grass while still maintaining a sensible budget, you can choose to make the most of reducing side landscaping in your yard. Ultimately, numerous business homes are going to make the most of irrigation and also aeration systems, which will certainly assist maintain the health of your yard, bring more dynamic shades, and boost overall landscape allure. | <urn:uuid:a879b999-d437-40c1-a19c-36f51762c93a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thisdayonline.info/a-beginners-guide-to-5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.963045 | 758 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Navigation in Areas Beyond the Scope of GPS Signals
In the days before online map services such as Google Maps could be used on our smartphones, before heading out to a new destination, one would copy a map from a book or print out a copy of an online map from a computer. These days, for navigation purposes a smartphone map shows us where we are in real time, so such advance preparations are not necessary.
However, once inside a building, you are transported back to the world of nearly 20 years ago when smartphones and online maps were not available. This is because the navigation function cannot be used beyond the reach of the GPS signal. Reading the map and studying the positional relation between your current location and your destination, you have to figure out the route in your own head. In a time when we have all become so used to using online map navigation devices, this does seem very inconvenient.
As Japan has many buildings and underground malls, we often encounter situations when we cannot rely on GPS. However, indoor navigation systems utilizing a smartphone’s various sensors have begun to appear that can be used in such an environment.
Yahoo: Positioning with Geomagnetic Disturbances
Yahoo Japan have a smartphone app called Yahoo! Map which incorporates indoor positioning technology developed by Finnish company IndoorAtlas. This provides a navigation function that can be used indoors where GPS signals cannot be received.
This technology can pinpoint your current location by comparing the geomagnetic data obtained from magnetic sensors in the smartphone, with a previously measured pattern of geomagnetic disturbance (a unique fingerprint) created by the steel frame of the building. This method can distinguish between a first and second basement level, and recognize vertical movement, so it is ideal for navigation in buildings and underground malls. However, because it is necessary to create a fingerprint database in advance, facilities that can provide this navigation service are limited.
Certainly, creating a database before starting the service is time-consuming. However, once the database preparations are done, the user only needs their smartphone, and the navigation service provider does not need to do anything. One big advantage is that unlike navigation services that use radio waves for positioning, such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, there is no need to continuously maintain a beacon…
Osaka Metro Uses Visible Light Communication and Accelerometers
Osaka Metro provides an “Osaka Metro Group Navigation App” for smartphones which has an indoor navigation function for use inside subway stations. This differs from the technology of Yahoo Japan in that it determines the present location using visible light communication technology and then obtains information for one’s travel route by making full use of the smartphone’s atmospheric pressure sensor and accelerometer. This system was developed by Panasonic and Panasonic Systems Japan.
The first necessary step of determining the present location is done with LinkRay optical ID technology, which uses the blinking pattern of the LED light source for data communication. When the smartphone’s camera reads a map illuminated with a LinkRay system compatible LED light, the blinking pattern is decoded to obtain the location information. When you want to find your way, you set this location as the starting point.
As you start walking toward your destination, the degree of movement is estimated with information obtained from your smartphone’s accelerometer. At the same time, it seems that any accumulated calculation errors will be corrected by using the atmospheric sensor. Apparently, the degree of movement can be judged with high precision, even when walking in a crowded place or moving up and down stairs or escalators.
As with Yahoo Japan’s navigation function there is no need for a beacon like Bluetooth, so it is easy to install. | <urn:uuid:fca94a77-8087-4a7a-b40c-2e1101dc9739> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://workinjapan.today/hightech/navigation-technology-inside-buildings-and-underground-malls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928621 | 750 | 2.875 | 3 |
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