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Nationally, Republican party leaders say their number one campaign issue for the midterm elections is opposition to Obamacare. But at the same time, a growing number of Republican states are now embracing a major provision of the law – expanding Medicaid, the government-funded health benefit program for the poor. The Supreme Court made doing that optional for states in 2012 and most Republican-led states said “no”. But now, some states like Ohio, Iowa and Michigan are forging compromises with the White House on Medicaid.
To understand why this happened in Michigan, drop in on the cavernous, busy emergency room at Henry Ford Hospital in the heart of Detroit. About 1 in 3 patients being treated by the blue-scrubbed swarm of doctors, nurses and techs is uninsured. It’s a much higher rate than in Michigan or the rest of the country, and that means hospitals like this one had been providing a lot of health care for free.
Henry Ford Hospital CEO Nancy Schlichting says even as Detroit lost nearly a quarter of its population in the last decade, the amount of care the institution provides for free increased.
“About seven or eight years ago we were at about $100 million a year. We’re now at $240 million a year in uncompensated care,” she says.
So when the Affordable Care Act offered Michigan the chance to give Medicaid benefits to some 400,000 more residents, Schlichting lobbied hard for the state to say “yes.”
“We were very active in advocacy,” she says. “We got all of our employees engaged. We had over 5,000 emails that went to state legislators, as they were debating the Medicaid expansion for the state of Michigan. We almost shamed people into it, you know, ‘How can you turn your back on the people of this state, who have lost jobs?”
A Republican Challenge From A Tea Partier
But Republicans initially saw themselves as turning their backs on Obamacare, not the people of Michigan. State Rep. Al Pscholka was one of them.
Pscholka’s district, on the southeast shore of Lake Michigan, is a solidly Republican area so Obamacare doesn’t have a lot of fans there, he says: “When people say Medicaid expansion, I think to a lot of us that meant bigger government, and it meant expanding a program that doesn’t work very well.”
Pscholka is a Republican party leader in the Michigan House. He was asked to look at ways to reform Medicaid. But then Republican governor, Rick Snyder, came out in favor of Medicaid expansion last year. Snyder argued that if the state didn’t expand, the millions of dollars in Affordable Care Act taxes and fees Michigan would be paying would just go to other states, and not come back home in the form of new payments to hospitals and doctors.
Furthermore, Pscholka says when he took a hard look at Medicaid, he didn’t find the broken, bloated government program he was expecting.
“When I understood how it worked, and what we had done in Michigan in the late ’90s, that was actually pretty smart, we’ve privatized a lot of that already, which I think a lot of folks didn’t understand,” says Pscholka.
Medicaid is a government-funded program, but Michigan long ago started contracting with private sector HMOs to administer it. The idea was to use private market incentives to increase efficiency. Pscholka says that makes it easier for conservatives to stomach, and he helped draft legislation to accept federal Medicaid expansion dollars, but with some conditions.
The bill passed by one vote in the state Senate.
“This is not an easy thing to explain.” Pscholka says. “It’s not an easy thing to get up at a my county GOP meeting, and look at friends of mine, who’ve been friends of mine for 20 years, who are now shooting darts at me with their eyes, and can’t believe that I was even involved in this. Not only that I voted for it, but that I was somehow involved in crafting this legislation.”
Pscholka’s change of heart on Medicaid earned him a primary challenge from Tea Party candidate Cindy Duran. But she’s a longshot to beat him, and those favoring expansion have some strong allies beyond Michigan’s popular governor. Hospitals, doctors and the state’s small business association all rallied behind the idea.
Medicaid Coverage, With A Caveat?
Cynthia Kay, who owns a video production company with eight employees in Grand Rapids, hopes putting more people on Medicaid will help keep the price of her company’s health insurance plan down in the future.
“If you think about it, we’re paying for the cost of health care anyway,” Kay says. “Uncompensated cost of care is driving my premiums up every single year. So, whether I think I’m paying for it or not, I’m paying for all the people who are using the emergency room as their primary care physician.”
Advocates for the poor are thrilled so many uninsured Michigan residents will now be able to get Medicaid, but they worry about some significant details that have yet to be finalized.
Among the compromises the White House made to win Republican support in Michigan are requirements for some Medicaid recipients to pay for at least part of their care, according to Jan Hudson, a senior policy analyst at the Michigan League for Public Policy, which advocates for low income people. That could include co-pays for physician office visits and procedures.
“Cost sharing is always a concern for low-income people. The research says that that can be a barrier to people receiving the care that they need,” Hudson says.
Still, the White House is approving cost-sharing in Iowa and Arkansas. Iowa recipients will pay extra if they overuse emergency rooms, and Michigan will charge them more if they don’t stick with wellness plans designed to keep them healthy.
Groups that favor Medicaid expansion nationwide point to those kinds of requirements as evidence that the White House is willing to compromise, and hope that will entice the 23 states that are still resisting expansion to take another look and work out special arrangements of their own.
This story is part of a partnership with NPR and Kaiser Health News with support from the Dennis A. Hunt Fund for Health Journalism, a program of the USC Annenberg School of Journalism’s California Endowment Health Journalism Fellowships.
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The next step in the growing financial squeeze—what the banking community likes to call the “soft landing”—is coming down in credit cards. Take a look at those offers you’re getting in the mail. Gone are the promises of permanent low APRs on purchases or balance transfers. Instead, the companies are offering a low rate for 6 or maybe 12 months, and then it shoots up to 15 or 20 percent or higher. And there’s usually a 5 percent transfer fee on your whole balance—the ceilings on transfer fees are disappearing. So even if you get, say, a 4.9 percent APR for 12 months, it’s really 9.9 percent.
This week, the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Subcommittee, chaired by Michigan’s Carl Levin, held hearings with representatives of several large credit card lenders on an even more devious practice: Consumers whose credit scores fall even slightly—due to a single late payment, or a problem that has nothing to do with their credit cards—can have their APRs jacked up without warning. The credit card companies can even apply this high interest rate retroactively to already accumulated debt.
“Interest rates are going up, low teaser rates are disappearing, and the credit squeeze is going to get a lot tighter,” Elizabeth Warren, the Harvard law professor and expert on credit card debt and personal bankruptcy, told Mother Jones this morning. She is an advisor to the campaign of John Edwards, who has made an issue of predatory lending practices and proposed a commission to regulate credit card rates.
What happens, I asked Warren, when people struggling to pay their mortgages go deep into credit card debt, and then can’t pay? Do the credit card companies get to take their assets, including their homes? “Here’s the deal: A credit card company can’t seize your bank account or grab your car without going to court,” she said. “BUT most credit card companies have put arbitration clauses into the fine print of your agreement, so they can go to arbitration, where they know the arbitrators and where they win more than percent of the time. They then take the arbitration award to a court and get a judgment on it, and the consumer can’t do anything about it. If the arbitration was unfair, that’s too bad—the credit card company wins. It is a scandal.” (For another angle on this little-known scam, see my colleague Stephanie Mencimer’s recent piece on car loans.)
Warren continues, “Alternatively, credit card companies can go directly to court and they often get a default judgment because the customer didn’t receive adequate notice, didn’t understand what the notice said, couldn’t appear at that time, etc. Many credit card companies have figured out how to turn the court system into a cheap tool to collect from people in financial trouble.'”
So as the subprime crisis deepens, this other crisis is just waiting in the wings. And the new bankruptcy law passed in 2005 serves the interests of credit card companies and other lenders while screwing consumers in additional ways, leaving them no way out of the debt trap.
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Source: Dorothy Richardson, ‘Continuous Performance: Pictures and Films’, Close Up vol. IV no. 1, January 1929, pp. 51-57
American films, sharp as steel, cold like the poles, beautiful as the tomb, passed before our dazzled eyes. The gaze of William Hart pierced our hearts and we loved the calm landscape where the hoofs of his horse raised clouds of dust.
Quite so. True, true, perfectly true. Something, at any rate, did, pierce our hearts, and we did love the calm of the landscape whereon the wild riders flew, the dust-clouds testifying to their pace. Just those things and as they were, unrelated to what came before and after. And to whatever it might be that had preceded, and to whatever it was that might follow, the splendid riding in the vast landscape gave its peculiar quality. We were devotees of the vast landscape and the wild riding and all the rest passing so magnificently before our eyes.
But however devout our feelings it did not occur to us to express them quite so openly and prayerfully. And, I beg … has not the quoted tribute a strange air? An air at first sight of being an extract from an out-of-date hand-book on the year’s pictures, part of whose compilation had been entrusted to a youth with literary ambitions, and a somewhat exotic youth at that, and therefore a youth who properly should not have been the prey of the wild west film? And yet here most certainly is cri du coeur, with no question of tongue in cheek.
But young Englishmen of no period, and under no matter what provocation, are to be found gushing in these terms. Gush they may. But not quite in these terms. A young Englishwoman, then? An aspiring and enthusiastic young Englishwoman writing to suggest to other aspiring and enthusiastic young Englishwomen exactly what they think about the movies, and well understanding the heart-piercing and the adoration of the landscape.
But though the sentiments may be thus accountable, the expression of them remains a little mysteriously not an English form of expression until – turning the page to discover in whose person it was that The Little Review at any point in its thrilled and thrilling career should have waxed lyrical over the movies in their own right, as distinct from their glimpsed possibilities – one finds the signature of a French writer, one of the super-realists who had hoped the war would have rescued art from romanticism, had been disappointed and, having enumerated the few artists who in Europe were giving the world anything worth the having, looked sadly back upon the movies in their pristine innocence.
With the strange unsuitability of the English garb to the sentiments expressed thus cleared up by the realisation that the article was a literal translation, one could give rein to one’s delight in the discovery of this genuine feeling of the day before yesterday, even though immediately one was forced to reflect that this wistful young man, given the circumstances and the date, could not possibly have seen any FILMS.
Accepting, therefore, its French reading, I have set down this tribute in the manner of a text, first because with an odd punctuality it came to my notice immediately on my return, from a first visit to London’s temple of good films, to get on with the business of extracting forgotten treasures from a packing-case, and also because its sentiments chimed perfectly with certain convictions floating uninvited into my mind as I talked, on matters unrelated to the film (if, indeed, at this date any matters can be so described), with a friend encountered by chance on my way home from The Avenue Pavilion.
I had seen, in great comfort, and from a back seat whose price was that of the less valuable portions of the average super-cinema, The Student of Prague. This film, I am told, though excellent for the date of its production, a good play, well acted and likely to remain indefinitely upon any well-chosen repertory, has been out-done and left behind by films now being shown in Germany and in Russia. It is approved by the film intelligentsia, including psycho-analysts who delightedly find it, like all works of art, ancient and modern, fuller of wisdom than its creator clearly knows. And it was most heartily approved by a large gathering of onlookers, revealed when the lights went up, as consisting for the most part of those kinds of persons to be seen scattered sparsely amongst the average cinema crowd.
For me, personally, and before the human interest of the drama began to compete with whatever conscious critical faculty I may possess, it joined forces with the few ‘good’ films I have seen at home and abroad in convincing me that the film can be an ‘art-form’. There is much in it I shall never forget, and that much was supported and amplified in a way that no conceivable stage setting can compete with. The absence of the spoken word was more than compensated. Captions there may have been. I remember none. Clear, too, was the role of the musical accompaniment, though this was now and again a little obtrusive, and one grew intolerant of the crescendo of cymbal-crashing that accompanied every great moment instead of being reserved for the post-script, the final discomfiture of the wonderful devil with the umbrella, surely one of the best devils ever seen on stage or film? The same uniform cymbal-crashing did much, a week or so later, to spoil the revival of Barrymore’s Jekyll and Hyde, first seen in England to the tune of the Erl-könig, itself a work of art and fitting most admirably to Barrymore’s achievement.
But the rôle of the musical accompaniment was clear, nevertheless, its contribution to the business of compensating the absence of the spoken word, its support and its amplification that joins the many other resources of the film in deepening and unifying and driving home all that is presented. Conrad Veidt on any stage would be a great actor. Conrad Veidt moving voiceless through the universal human tragedy in surroundings whose every smallest item ‘speaks to the occasion’ has the opportunity that at last gives to pure acting its fullest scope.
I left gratefully anticipating such other good films as it may:be my fortune to see. Yet within and around my delights there were, I knew, certain reservations at work waiting to formulate themselves and, as I have said, taking the opportunity, the moment my attention was busy elsewhere, of coming forward in the form of clear statement.
The burden of their message was that welcome for the FILM does not by any means imply repudiation of the movies. The FILM at its utmost possible development can no more invalidate the movies than the first-class portrait, say Leonardo’s of the Lady Lisa, can invalidate a snap-shot.
The film as a work of art is subject to the condition ruling all great art: that it shall be a collaboration between the conscious and the unconscious, between talent and genius. Let either of these elements get ahead of the other and disaster is the result, disaster in proportion to the size of the attempt.
The film, therefore, runs enormous risks. Portraits are innumerable. The great portraits produced by any single nation are very few indeed. And the portrait that is merely clever or pretentious, be its technique what it will, is no food for mankind. But the snap-shot, and the movie that offers to the fool and the wayfaring man a perfected technique, is food for all. It can’t go wrong. It is innocent, and its results go straight to the imagination of the onlooker, the collaborator, the other half of the game.
The charm of the first movies was in their innocence. They were not concerned, or at any rate not very deeply concerned, either with idea or with characterisation. Like the snap-shot, they recorded. And when plot, intensive, came to be combined with characterisation, with just so much characterisation as might by good chance be supplied by minor characters supporting the tailor’s and modiste’s dummies filling the chief rôles, still the records were there, the snap-shot records that are always and everywhere food for a discriminating and an undiscriminating humanity alike. ‘Sharp as steel, cold like the poles’; of landscape calm or wild, of crowds and all the moving panorama of life, of interiors, and interiors opening out of interiors, an unlimited material upon which die imagination of the onlooker could get to work unhampered by the pressure of a controlling mind that is not his own mind.
I was reminded also that the Drama, for instance, the Elizabethan drama, became Great Art only in retrospect. Worship of Art and The Artist is a modern product. In the hey-day of the Elizabethan drama the stage was despised, the actor a vagabond and a low fellow.
It may be that the hey-day of the film will come when things have a little settled down. When the gold-diggers, put out of court, shall have ceased to dig, when the medium is developed and within reach of the vagabonds and low fellows, when writing for the film shall no longer offer a spacious livelihood. Then, by those coming innocently to a well-known medium, the World’s Great Films, the Hundred Best Films, will be produced. And, since history never repeats itself, they will probably be thousands, some of which, it would seem, have already been made in pioneering Russia.
But the movies will remain. The snap-shots will go on all the time. And there will always be people who infinitely prefer the family album of snap-shots to the family portrait gallery. And this is not necessarily the same as saying that there will always be irresponsible people, people who are happy merely because they are infantile. Much has been said, by those who dislike the pictures, of their value as evidence of infantilism. It is claimed that the people who flock to the movies do so because they love to lose themselves in the excitements of a dream-world, a world that bears no relationship to life as they know it, that makes no demand upon the intelligence, acts like a drug, and is altogether demoralising and devitalising.
Such people obviously know very little about the movies. But even if they did, even if they cared to take their chance and now and again submit themselves to the experience of a thoroughly popular show, it is hardly likely that they would lose their apparent inability to distinguish between childishness, the quality that has of late been so admirably analysed and presented under the label of infantilism, and childlikeness, which is quite another thing. The child trusts its world, and those who, in all civilisations and within all circumstances, in face of all evidence and no matter what experience, cannot rid themselves of a child-like trust are by no means to be confused with those who shirk problems and responsibilities and remain ego-centrically within a dream-world that bears no relation to reality.
The battles and the problems of those who trust life are not the same as the battles and problems of those who regard life as the raw material for great conflicts and great works of art. But only such as regard the Fine Arts as mankind’s sole spiritual achievement will reckon those who appear not to be particularly desirous of these achievements as therefore necessarily damned.
Comments: Dorothy Richardson (1873-1957) was a British modernist novelist. Through 1927-1933 she wrote a column, ‘Continuous Performance’ for the film art journal Close Up. The column concentrates on film audiences rather than the films themselves. The films mentioned are Der Student von Prag (Germany 1926) and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (USA 1920). The Avenue Pavilion cinema was in Shaftesbury Avenue, London, and specialised in showing foreign films. The Little Review was an American literary magazine.
Links: Copy at Internet Archive
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Paper short abstract:
Paper long abstract:
In Poetics of Space (1969), Bachelard talks of building a "dream house" that allows one to daydream in peace. The material aspects are constitutive of the daydream itself - the surfaces, the space, but also the humans who "dreamed it" represent both the source of daydreams and their daily enactment. Dreams, just as their material representations, are often based on cultural gendered imaginaries - a house of dreams can convey feminine "home-making" or masculine "house built by him". I conducted field-work at a living history site in Latvia where historical re-enactment has stopped being a hobby and become a lifestyle choice, a daydream of adventurous masculinities contesting the troubled bread-winner masculinities in the time of crises. In my paper, I will look at how the gendered agency of daydreamers is used in turning dreams into a tangible reality in the form of material objects, space and bodies.
The imagination in times and spaces of crisis: day and night dreaming as forms of creative invention
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Department of Computer Engineering
Reinforcement Learning in Computer Games
(Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Eray Tüzün)
Computer Engineering Department
Abstract: Reinforcement learning is a sub-field of machine learning in which an agent learns to take sequential actions in a complex environment. Along with deep learning, reinforcement learning has been commonly used in the applications of autonomous driving, healthcare systems, and robotics. Furthermore, models trained with reinforcement learning have shown great success in decision-making based games such as Chess and Go.
DATE: 22 November 2021, Monday @ 16:10 Zoom
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In the Kinderwunsch Institut Dr Loimer in Linz, a professional medication-based hormone treatment is recommended for those who have the unfulfilled desire to have children.
The hypothalamus is an area in the diencephalon that functions as a control centre in the body. The hypothalamus coordinates body temperature as well as eating, sleeping and sexual behaviour. It also plays an important role in regulating the female cycle and in the formation of various hormones. If there is a disorder of the hypothalamus (e.g. eating disorders or excessive exercise), it can happen that it does not send signals (liberins and statins) to the pituitary gland responsible for the production of hormones LH and FSH in a steady rhythm. As a result, ovulation does not occur and there is no period. So-called hypothalamic amenorrhea (lack of menstrual bleeding) can occur. To ensure that GnRH is produced again and released steadily in the hypothalamus – and the body has a chance of a successful pregnancy – there are different methods of therapy. One possibility is, for example, the administration of GnRH by a pump (LUTRELEF ® 3.3mg gonadorelin acetate) which is worn directly on the body. This pump delivers the drug into the subcutaneous tissue. The catheter is changed every 3 days. The therapy has a very high ovulation rate of almost 100 per cent and therefore a high rate of pregnancy at around 40 per cent per cycle. After three to four cycles, approximately 84 per cent of patients are pregnant. Another treatment method is ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins LH and FSH.
The pituitary gland is the central control organ for many of the hormonal functions in the body; it is where the most important hormones are formed and released.
When the pituitary gland does not produce enough hormones, this is called pituitary insufficiency. It can occur as a result of a tumour or other diseases of the pituitary gland. Pituitary insufficiency does not always affect all of the different hormonal systems at the same time. It is also possible that only one or two hormonal systems fail (for example, failure of sex hormones or diabetes insipidus). If a hormone deficiency occurs due to a pituitary insufficiency, this usually has to be treated with medication. The natural function of the pituitary can be imitated.
Benign tumours can occur in the pituitary gland, malignant ones are rare. Some pituitary gland tumours are hormone-active and thus produce more hormones than the human body needs. In contrast, there are also hormone-inactive pituitary tumours.
Treatment of AGS and late onset AGS
Adrenogenital Syndrome (AGS) is a group of congenital metabolic diseases in which the production of hormones in the adrenal cortex is disturbed. In the adrenogenital syndrome, congenital genetic mutations (CYP21A2 is located on chromosome 6) of individual enzymes that play an important role in the formation of hormones lead to an increased production of male hormones with a reduced formation of cortisol and aldosterone. In women with AGS, risk minimisation consists of a good medication plan with glucocorticoids and, if necessary, mineralocorticoids in sufficient doses. A therapeutic attempt with low-dose glucocorticoid (e.g. prednisolone 5mg in the evening) is being discussed, but so far only a few studies are available).
Ovaries (estrogen and progesterone)
The most important estrogens occurring in the body are estrone, estriol and above all estradiol, which is also known as the female fertility hormone. They play an important role, especially in the first half of the female cycle. Because they prepare ovulation – and with it the uterus for the possible implantation of the egg cell. In addition, they have a direct impact on various organs and tissues. For example, they protect women from a heart attack during their fertile years, ensure smooth skin by stimulating the formation of collagen, and strengthen bones by stimulating cells that build bone mass. In addition, estrogens have a beneficial effect on the production of serotonin and other messenger substances in the brain and is therefore mood-enhancing and anti-depressant. In some women, however, the influence of estrogen leads to increased water retention in the tissue, this manifests itself, for example, through cyclical feelings of tension in the chest.
Progesterone is often referred to as ‘the body’s own progestin’ and is the dominant hormone during the second half of the female cycle. The fact that the basal temperature is constantly increasing during this time is mainly due to progesterone. Progesterone is produced in the ovaries in the corpus luteum, which is what is left over after ovulation. If fertilisation does not occur, the corpus luteum dies within about 14 days and progesterone production decreases. One of the most important tasks of progesterone is to prepare the uterine lining that has built up in the first half of the cycle so that a fertilised egg can implant and grow. Like estrogen, progesterone is also of great importance for bone health and increases formation of collagen, which helps stop the formation of wrinkles in the skin. It also has an anti-depressant effect, influences the immune system, regulates androgens, has a stimulating effect on the libido and supports the action of thyroid hormones. In addition, progesterone promotes water excretion and has a dehydrating effect.
Treatment of PCOS (hyperandrogenemia)
The impairment of fertility in PCOS is based on a problem with ovulation where there is infrequent or no ovulation. Treatment is based on a staged system. Adjusting the metabolism through lifestyle changes with a change in diet and physical activity, and thereby weight regulation, leads to improvement in excess male hormones in women with PCOS.
Hormonal stimulation with clomiphene continues to be the established standard therapy. According to the latest guidelines of ESHRE, letrozole is the first-line treatment for PSOS. Gonadotropins are the second choice for ovulation induction. Drug therapy to induce ovulation carries the risk of strong reactions and up to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and the occurrence of a multiple pregnancy. The controlled ovulation induction with ultrasound examination and, if necessary, termination of the stimulation counteract these risks.
The results of the use of metformin in women with and without proven insulin resistance are now available from many studies. Metformin can also be used to induce ovulation with medicinal stimulation. The main limiting factors for its use are the side effects in the gastrointestinal tract. There is currently insufficient data on the use of inositol for the purpose of increasing fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. An alternative to drug therapy is laparoscopic ovarian drilling.
In the 4 to 8 weeks prior to conception, an optimal diabetes reading should be available (check, for example, HbA1c). It should be noted that progestins can temporarily worsen glucose tolerance, so in the case of planned luteal phase support, HbA1c determination with progestin administration in advance makes sense. Diabetics should be informed about the potentially increased risk of miscarriage. In the case of type I DM, the possible genetic background/causes should be clarified.
Women also produce small amounts of male hormones (androgens) including testosterone and DHEA-S. They are produced in the ovaries, adrenal cortex and adipose tissue. The female body needs them for the production of estrogens, the most important group of female hormones. However, too much testosterone and DHEA-S can severely impair ovarian function and also lead to some male physical characteristics (increased hair growth on certain parts of the body, acne and hair loss). If more cysts form in the ovaries and the cycle is disturbed, we speak of PCOS. An overproduction of male sex hormones often occurs together with being very overweight. Most affected women are advised to normalise their hormonal balance in a natural way by losing weight. In other cases, medication can help reduce both the production of male hormones and their effect on the female cycle.
Treatment with male hormones with diminished ovarian reserve
For several years now, we have been using the male hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with great success to treat women with reduced egg cell reserves due to advanced age or premature ovarian aging. We were able to demonstrate the remarkably positive effect of treatment with DHEA, in which the ovarian function of these women is regenerated. So far, we have found that DHEA not only increases the number and quality of egg cells available for fertilisation, but it also shortens the time required for fertility treatment and increases the chances of spontaneous conception. In addition, DHEA reduces the risk of miscarriage – an important factor particularly for older women who want to have children.
Luteal phase defect
A luteal phase defect is a dysfunction of the corpus luteum in the second half of the cycle, which is often caused by a disturbance in ovarian function. It is one of the most common reasons for infertility. Once the diagnosis has been made, in most cases it is not the end of hope for a baby. Women with a progesterone deficiency can also get pregnant with the help of hormone therapy. Luteal phase defect can be treated well with medications that compensate for the impaired hormone production. Preparations such as Utrogestan, Arefam or Duphaston, Proluton Depot clearly support weakness in the luteal phase.
Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia)
Elevated prolactin should be treated in connection with the desire to have children. Various prolactin reducers can be used as a treatment, the best-known and those that have been most studied are bromocriptine and cabergoline. Current studies show a slight advantage in the effectiveness of cabergoline. The discussion about possible damage to the heart valves through long-term dopaminergic therapy, including in hyperprolactinemia, has not yet been concluded.
The intake of cortisone when trying to get pregnant serves, among other things, to adapt to stress, regardless of whether it has an internal or external cause. The regulation of hormone production takes place in a separate control loop between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and the ovaries, with higher brain regions also influencing hormone production. Disturbances in the production of cortisone thus also effect the fertility of the women. The intake of cortisone can therefore help women with hormonal problems to get pregnant.
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
Fertility patients with moderate to severe iodine deficiency (measured by iodine excretion) have reduced fertility compared to patients with a normal iodine supply. Therefore, women who want to have children are recommended to take additional iodide. The WHO recommends the daily administration of 250 µg iodide during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Women of childbearing age should consume an average of 150 µg/day of iodide.
Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid):
Thyroid antibodies are peculiar and can also trigger hyperthyroidism in babies. In the case of a mother’s hyperthyroidism that needs treatment during pregnancy, the therapeutic options (anti-thyroid drugs, radio-iodine therapy, surgery) are all associated with endangering or impairing the baby. Therefore, therapy for hyperthyroidism should be given before IVF. Women with SD antibodies have slightly higher risk of miscarriage than women without. So far there is no evidence that thyroxine therapy changes this. For women with SD antibodies and a TSH value of <2.5mU/L, on the other hand, a meta-analysis showed that the probability of a live birth is increased if thyroxine was taken.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.kinderwunsch-drloimer.at/en/treatment-options/therapy-for-hormonal-disorders
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| 0.937505
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It’s A Man’s World (in Women’s Cycling)
Rachel McKinnon, a man — or what the progressive materialists who define postmodern “reality” would call, redundantly, a “biological man” — has won the UCI Masters World Track Cycling Championship for women. Yes, a man is the women’s cycling champion. Or should I say he won it as a woman, although he is a man? Of course, what I mean by this is that he — Rachel, that is — identifies as a woman, and that is now enough, in the wacky world of tossing women’s (that is, actual women’s) sports under the bus of Marxist progressivism’s anti-rationality weapon du jour, “identity politics,” to justify allowing him (Rachel) to be a women’s champion, although he is (in case you missed it earlier) a biological man.
Remember when the cause of LGBTQXYZ rights was supposed to be a useful tagalong to buttress the female Marxist (aka feminist) movement’s push to stigmatize and even criminalize heterosexuality and maleness forever? Well, those days are gone, and in the most delightful fashion. All Marxists should have to face the kind of fate that is often labeled “eating their own.” So here we are: Men are now allowed to compete and trounce women in women’s sporting events, to enter women’s bathrooms and changerooms while actual women and girls are in those rooms bathing and changing, and generally to trump the single biggest hurdle to “equality of the sexes,” namely the physical disparity, by simply being men who call themselves women; and the hapless, hopeless female Marxists have no choice but to sit there and take it.
“You asked for it!” chuckles the writer who identifies as the fifth century B.C.
Did I mention that Rachel McKinnon, the women’s (I think this would be a good time to revert to the preferable, more charming “ladies’,” don’t you?) cycling champion, is a Canadian? No surprise there. Canada was ahead of the curve in outlawing maleness, as anyone may observe by noting that country’s current PM — a transgender man avant la lettre, you might say.
Better yet, Rachel the Championette is also — even more anticlimactically — an assistant professor of philosophy. Of course he is. What else would a male women’s cycling champion be when he takes off his superhero costume?
Another day in the loony bin. Anyone still wonder why I’ve chosen to ride this one out in Limbo?
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Green Candle Color
Green Candle Color, earlier referred as ultramarine Green, is a pigment powder pure in form and is used popularly as a colourant in the cold process candle making activity. When used in candle making, as major pigmenting powder, gives your candles a bright, natural and a brilliant Green colour. This product can be used to add colour to a product, the colour of which may range from matte light pastel Green (matte baby Green colour) to a very deep, matte, dark intense Green (prussian Green colour).
Green Soluble Candle Pigment Powder is enriched with mica, an essential component in the preparation of modern day cosmetic items and beauty products. Also, when Green Candle Color is suspended in tap water at room temperature, it disperses into a lighter Green colour, indicating the high levels of purity of our product.
Our Green Pigment powder can be used in combination with other colourant powders to prepare your own custom made colour. For instance, Green Pigment Powder mixed with green pigment powder in varied ratios can produce turquoise, teal and aqua colours. However, the matte Green oxide pigment powder must be used with utmost caution in candle-making activities, since overheating of the pigment powder might cause it to speckle.
It is a true guaranteed fact that even a tiny amount of the Vedaoils Green Candle Powder goes a very long way in the preparation of Green tinged products, which may range candles to cosmetic items. Dark Green colour obtained from the Green pigment powder may be lightened in tone by using our Green titanium dioxide candle powder, whereas light Green colour obtained from the same may be darkened in tone by using our Vedaoils Matte Green Oxide Pigment Powder
Green Candle Color Uses
Candle MakingBrilliantly coloured candle powder has high quality pastel Green coloring ingredient in Candle-making industry. It fabulous ability to create the matte and depth effects in the various types of Candle prepared.
Easy SolublePigment powder serves in the process of candle-making. Having the ability to work in all types of wax, including paraffin, soy, gel or beeswax, Green Candle Pigment powder serves its purpose naturally.
Art and CraftPigment Powder used in Candle making, candle making or cosmetic care products, DIY projects and art & craft items. Candle Powder also help in DIY art projects. It is safe for use, non-toxic and ethical.
Lipsticks & Lip GlossUsed as colorant in lipsticks, lip gloss, lip balms, mineral make up items. Green Candle Pigment Powder is enriched with highly popular ingredient in beauty industry due to non-bleeding and non-morphing properties.
Nail Paints & Eye ShadowsGreen Pigment Powder used in shade of nail paints and eye shadows. Vibrant in nature, nail paints and eye shadows prepared using Candle Powder shown massively effective results and color depths.
Cosmetic ProductsIt is effective ingredient in cosmetic products like blushes, eye shadows, foundations and other beauty items. Mineral enriched Green Pigment Powder gives make up smooth, silky texture and easy to apply.
|Product Name:||Green Candle Pigment Powder|
|Country of Origin:||India|
|Suitable for:||Candle Making|
|Packaging Type:||As Per Requirement|
|Storage:||Store in a Cool & Dry place.|
|Shelf Life:||2 Years|
CAUTION: It is meant for external purposes. Keep it away from the reach of your kids and avoid direct contact with eyes.
Buy Green Candle Color At Wholesale Price
Vedaoils Green Pigment Powder is manufactured after a long, strenuous passage through strict, standardized quality procedures which ensure to bring nothing but the best to you. Vedaoils do not compromise with quality of products when it concerns your health and beauty. We assure you that we adopt the highest quality standards both in production and packaging, delivering to you the ultimate, premium quality product.
Largest manufacturer and seller of varied types of pigment powders, Vedaoils promises to indulge you in the freshness and quality of our wide-range products, including matt pigment powders. We aim to provide you with the finest of the goods, giving to you the richness and the goodness of pure natural ingredients. So, shop from our treasure house of ethical, natural and organic products, thereby pampering your daily skincare, hair care and cosmetic care needs.
Purchase VedaOils Green Candle Powder from our online store, from the comfort of your home at the most affordable prices and safe payment methods. Our Green pigment powder not only caters to your cosmetic and beauty needs, but also to your art and DIY projects. Check out the bulk prices of our products and avail huge discounts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Have a Question?
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<urn:uuid:7e0b7555-bb56-4e06-b81f-fa01e6e05970>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.vedaoils.com/en-au/products/green-candle-color
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Experimental study of attenuation and dispersion over a broad frequency range: 1. The apparatus
We have developed a new experimental method to investigate the anelasticity of a polycrystalline solid at high homologous temperature (T/Tm = 0.6–0.7). By using a rock analogue (borneol polycrystals) and a partially molten rock analogue (borneol + melt) having low melting and eutectic temperatures (Tm = 204.5°C, Te = 43°C), respectively, testing high homologous temperature can occur near room temperature. An apparatus is described for cyclic compressive, Young's modulus type attenuation experiments over a wide range of frequencies (10–10−4 Hz) and at small strain amplitudes (10−6–10−5). Creep tests to measure steady state viscosity can also be performed. Details of the apparatus, including its piezoelectric actuator, dual laser displacement meters and trio of load cells, are discussed. Attenuation spectra and modulus dispersion measured for aluminum, acrylic plastic, and a rock analogue are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the method.
- 2011JB008382.pdf application/pdf 1.16 MB Download File
Also Published In
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8HH6VXK
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Now when they (the Council) saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived that they were uneducated, common men, they were astonished. And they recognized that they had been with Jesus.
How our world & culture measure value, potential, and ‘specialness’ in people is largely based on brains, brawn, looks, & special abilities. This type of thinking & evaluating can find its way into the church as well – it can sound a little like:
“That person is so gifted & talented! If they became a Christian, God could really do big things through them.”
By the time Jesus had chosen the disciples, they each had most likely been passed over as “not good enough” by local rabbis seeking out promising young disciples. Sure, they’d all been taught the Torah, God’s Law & the Prophets as kids, but as they grew up, each one took a job, learned a trade, or joined the family business.
And then Jesus called them to “come & follow Me.”
The disciples were chosen not because of their greatness or special abilities – Jesus chose them because they were normal. They were common, regular people, with nothing really remarkable about them.
God sees value & potential in people, not because of their natural giftings, abilities or competencies, but because He sees what we can be when we’re called by His Name, filled with the Holy Spirit “…Christ in you, the hope of glory.”
It’s important to keep this in mind when we ‘evaluate’ our (& others) fitness & ability to be used by the LORD. Too often, we disqualify ourselves for God’s use based upon our shortcomings, weaknesses, struggles, & inadequacies, as though God didn’t know these things about us when He called & filled us.
It’s vital for us to remember that what really matters is being with Jesus. It is impossible to be with Him & not be forever changed. May the same things that were said of Peter & John, be said about us – “they seem normal enough, & there’s really nothing special about them… it must be Jesus.”
Great book resource: Sitting at the Feet of Rabbi Jesus – by Spangler & Tverberg
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Or at least, my ABCDEFGs. That’s the name of our current unit, which is an abbreviation standing for A Broad Compendium Demonstrating Everybody’s Favorite Games. We pull out all the most popular games we play throughout the year. Many are PE classics you might remember yourself, like scooters, parachute, capture the flag, various tag games and dodgeball. The kids often choose these games themselves for free choice days, so it’s extra special to get to play them again as part of a whole unit.
The start of the new year brought a lot of teamwork and cooperation to PE class. Our first several weeks had activities that required students to work together, whether with a partner, a small group, or the whole class. Kids had to team up to transport bricks, work as part of a relay team, or manipulate a parachute.
Individualization is important, and so is learning to work well with others. We learned that communication skills like being specific and listening to others’ ideas is critical. Everyone can find a place on the team using their particular talents. And there are people called teachers and coaches who are there to help and make the job easier.
One of our topic units at Rivendell this year is Systems of the Body. This is a great unit to integrate into PE. Not only do our normal PE activities help strengthen all these systems—muscular, skeletal, circulatory and respiratory—but we can even simulate how they work.
The kids themselves, with nothing other than some cones, bean bags, balls and baskets, became the circulatory system, digestive system, nervous system and muscular/skeletal system.
In one simulation, the kids were red blood cells, carrying oxygen from the lungs, through the heart to the body, and returning with carbon dioxide.
We even learned some ways the system could break down: clogged arteries, lungs unable to provide oxygen due to disease or pollution, and even carbon monoxide poisoning. There are so many reasons to keep ourselves healthy!
Then we became different parts of the digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and kids passed the “food” (balls) from one end to the other. Younger Kids got to be neurons, passing “messages” (balls again) relay-style from one to the other.
Then my favorite simulation, showing how bones, muscles and tendons work together to help us move. Muscles move the bones via connecting tendons. But because muscles can only contract, or pull, they need to work in pairs or groups.
We simulate this with scooters (bones), connecting ropes (tendons) and kids to pull (muscles). First we see how joints can move back and forth, like the knee or elbow. Then we add more muscle connections to see how joints like the shoulder or hip can move multiple directions.
These simulations give a very hands-on (bodies-on?) experience for how the systems of the body work.
What kid’s game is so popular that even adults play it these days? Kickball! Along with introducing the mechanics of kicking, we learned all about how to play. Running the bases, getting outs, and using good underhand technique to pitch the ball.
To be honest, kickball (and baseball) rules can be kind of complicated. All the different ways to get out, force plays, staying in order… we took it slowly and gradually introduced the various rules over a couple of weeks.
The end result? Fun!
You can do a lot more with a disc that just play catch. Disc golf and ultimate are two of the more popular games, and we have a few more like Double Disc Court and Schtick.
Our disc golf course was a lot of fun, although it can be frustrating at times—just like real golf!
Middle and Older Kids played ultimate or a variation. It was our first time this year doing a team sport, so we had a chance to talk about teamwork and how to be a good teammate, as well as the rules of and strategies for the game (like spreading out, throwing quickly, etc.).
As the saying goes, “You get what you get… and then you throw it!” (Okay, that’s my variation.)
We’ve been working with all levels on throwing and catching technique: overhand and underhand with balls and bean bags, as well as other objects like javelin and now, our next unit, flying discs.
Preschoolers and Younger Kids threw to hoops or baskets, and the practice self-toss and catch. We work on eye-hand coordination and body position.
Our disc unit starts with basic disc throwing and catching technique. We learn the standard backhand disc throw as well as how to throw forehand and a few other “trick” throws that can come in handy for certain games.
In ancient Greece, the Stadion Run, a foot race of about 200 meters, was the final event. At the Rivendell Olympics, we finish up with chariot races.
The kids provide the “horsepower” for the chariots, or as we call them, sleds. Win or lose, it’s great fun.
We did keep score, and tally up points from all the events to crown the winning city-state. Everyone on the team had to contribute, and added points for their team even if they didn’t win. While everyone wants to win, and it can be disappointing to lose, we emphasize that it’s the spirit of competition that makes the games exciting.
What better topic to go along with our unit on ancient Greece and Rome than the Olympics. The Olympic rings are probably one of the most recognizable symbols world-wide. Do you know what the colors (black, yellow, red, green and blue) symbolize? Answer at the end!
We are practicing various running, jumping and throwing events based on the original Greek games. The showcase in ancient times was the “Stadion” race, a footrace of about 200 meters. The kids are also practicing the standing long jump, “discus” using a Frisbee, javelin using a kid-friendly TurboJav, and more.
All levels at Rivendell are learning and practicing good throwing, jumping and balance fundamentals to prepare. Let the games begin!
And what about the colors of the Olympic rings? Modern games founder Pierre de Coubertin said the five colors, along with the white background, included the color composing every competing nation’s flag at the time.
We are so happy to be back at Rivendell this fall! Things may look a little different, but we will still be doing all the skill and teamwork building activities in PE that will help kids go faster, higher and farther.
We will be adapting PE activities for safety as much as possible. That means we will be outside even more than before. Please make sure your student has appropriate gear for going out no matter the weather–especially footwear. Here are days each grade level has PE:
- Preschool: Fridays
- Younger Kids (Dylan’s & Annie’s class): Tuesday and Wednesday
- Middle Kids (Christin’s and Seth’s class): Monday and Friday
- Older Kids (Suzanne’s and Bryce’s class): Wednesday and Friday
When we do have to be indoors, activities will be less strenuous, with kids spaced apart as much as possible. The PE room air is also filtered as it is recirculated.
We’re looking forward to lots of fun in PE this year!
In the depths of winter when we’re usually inside, I always throw in a few classes on juggling. It’s a nice way to work on hand-eye coordination, as well as being a lot of fun—and really exciting for a kid when they get it! Even the preschoolers can have a go at floating scarves in the air.
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https://www.rivendell-school.org/physed/page/2/
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Scientists currently possess very little information concerning the degree of genetic variation among and within deep-sea species; even basic ecological traits like growth rates and life histories are still poorly understood. This lack of knowledge regarding patterns of evolution in deep-sea environments has led to conflicting hypotheses on the origin and age of fauna living at the bottom of the ocean. The PRODEEP project addressed this knowledge gap by studying the diversity and phylogeny of Hyalinoeciin marine worms. The aim was to determine the role of progenesis within this group and understand their successful colonisation of the deep sea. Progenesis involves the retention of juvenile or even larval traits into later life by an organism through acceleration of sexual maturation. Hyalinoeciinae is a relatively small, but widely distributed monophyletic group of species. PRODEEP researcher Dr Nataliya Budaeva says: “Varying degrees of loss and reduction of traits within the subfamily enable scientists to examine the expression of likely progenetic traits in relation to ocean depth. Hence, this group of organisms was used as a model taxon of marine invertebrates to answer fundamental questions regarding the colonisation pathways of deep-sea fauna.” Why taxonomy is important Hyalinoeciin specimens from European, Australian and American natural history museums were carefully examined by project scientists. In particular, the so-called quill worms, which combine two genera, Hyalinoecia and Leptoecia. “Lack of taxonomic knowledge and insufficient sampling are the main impediments to phylogeny-based studies of the evolution of deep-sea fauna. It is therefore important to perform a thorough taxonomic revision of a group before addressing evolutionary questions,” Dr Nataliya Budaeva explains. Scientists also determined the phylogenetic position of Hyalinoeciinae species by reconstructing the first comprehensive phylogeny of the family Onuphidae, based on molecular data. “Taxonomical revision of quill worms based on morphological traits and sequence data of 6 genes, led to a discovery of 5 species new to science and the accurate re-description of 20 already known species,” states Dr Budaeva. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree was used to map morphological traits used in feeding and locomotion such as parapodia (feet) and chaetae (bristles) and obtain independent evidence concerning the absence or loss of traits in species with presumed progenetic origin. Why progenesis evolved Following complete taxonomical revision, the vertical ranges of species of quill worms were analysed. Results showed a clear break in their distribution at a depth of around 2000 meters. The larger and less progenetic Hyalinoecia were mostly present in shallower waters, while smaller and juvenile-like progenetic Leptoecia were widely distributed in the deep sea. A hypothesis was developed to explain the possible pathways of deep-sea invasion by Hyalinoeciinae. According to Dr Budaeva: “The progenetic appearance and accelerated sexual maturation in deep-sea Leptoecia could have evolved as an adaptation to seasonality of the food supply in the deep-sea high-latitude environment.” Understanding the phylogenetic relationships, diversity, morphology and life history traits in Hyalinoeciins will shed light on how this group has become so successful. It will also strengthen European understanding and competitiveness in this area of marine studies and deepen links between scientists studying the deep-sea environment in Europe and around the world.
PRODEEP, deep-sea, evolution, progenesis, Hyalinoeciinae
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://cordis.europa.eu/result/rcn/220363/en
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en
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UNIDO projects ‘biggest collapse’ for global manufacturing
… As output falls 11.2 per cent in Q2
The United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) has projected a gloomy outlook for the global manufacturing industry, saying it was set for its biggest collapse in decades, by year-end.
According to a new report released Monday by the Organisation, manufacturing production fell sharply in most countries around the world in the second quarter (Q2), 2020, with the exception of China, where output had already returned to moderate growth.
On current estimates, UNIDO projected a decline in global manufacturing value added of 8.4 per cent for the year as a whole, which makes 2020 the worst year on official records for the sector.
According to the report, the global manufacturing output fell by 11.2 per cent in the quarter under review, compared with the same quarter in 2019, noting that the dramatic drop reflects the economic impact of measures imposed to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The figures from UNIDO showed that measures like border closures, and global lockdowns, overshadowed all other negative influences on the sector, and projected more disruptions to manufacturing over the coming months due to the impacts of the pandemic.
Speaking on the report, Chief Statistician, UNIDO, Fernando Cantu, said based on the scenario, and developments in manufacturing linked to other economic variables, the anticipated fall in global manufacturing would mark the biggest collapse in output since official records began.
He said some countries were likely to be harder hit than others, with China expected to record a more modest drop of 1.6 per cent compared with the United States and Europe’s industrialized economies, where value added was forecast to plummet by 15 per cent and 14.3 per cent, respectively, by year-end.
However, Cantu noted that more time was needed to assess the full impact of containment measures on households, businesses and the government balance sheets, and raised concerns of a possible second wave of the pandemic, which could require the return of harsher economic restrictions, with knock-on effects on supply and demand.
According to Q2 figures, there was a wide divergence between China and the rest of the world, as well as between and within developing and industrialized economies.
China was one of the first countries to impose a lockdown and most of the impact was felt during the first three months of the year. In Q2, China’s manufacturing output had already returned to growth.
The country’s manufacturing output increased by 2.8 per cent year-on-year, led by industries such as computer electronics (11.2 per cent), electrical equipment (6.8 per cent) and machinery (6.3 per cent).
On the other hand, the data for developing and emerging industrial economies (excluding China) show a markedly gloomier picture, with Q2 output plunging by 22 per cent on the year following a 2.3 per cent drop in the first quarter.
The hardest hit geographical region was Latin America, where manufacturing output fell by 24.2 per cent year-on-year, followed by Asia and the Pacific, which saw a 23.7 per cent drop.
According to the report, the Q2 manufacturing output for industrialized economies sank by 16.4 per cent as economic recessions started to bite in many major economies. Europe’s manufacturing production dropped by 19.3 per cent, making it the worst-affected industrialized region.
The sharp decline intensified a trend seen in previous quarters, particularly affecting export-oriented economies, amid ongoing trade frictions with the United States and the uncertainty surrounding the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union.
Given the characteristics of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, there were substantial differences in manufacturing output per sector in recent months. For example, production of essential goods and supplies, such as food and pharmaceutical products, was less affected than other industries.
Production of basic pharmaceuticals in all country groups in the quarter under review showed moderate growth, while the production of capital and durable goods, such as machinery and motor vehicles, dropped sharply over the same period due to shrinking demand. UNIDO projects ‘biggest collapse in decades for global manufacturing industry.
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Black fungus, which is also understood as Mucormycosis, is a serious though rare fungal infection that’s caused by some group of molds known as mucormycetes. Black-fungus is brought about by coming in contact with fungus-spores in the environment. It also develops in the skin after this fungus gets in via a cut, burn, scrape, or other kinds of skin trauma.
These Fungi live all through the environment, mainly in soil & decaying organic-matter like leaves, rotten wood, compost piles, etc. Moreover, this fungal infection is formed by a kind of mold understood as ‘mucromycetes’. This rare fungal-infection affects people that have health problems or those that use drugs which weakens the body’s capability to deal with the infections. When this disease isn’t treated at the appropriate time, then the disease can be fatal.
A disease of Black fungus
Presently Black Fungus Infection is viewed more to patients that are suffering from Covid-19 with diseases like uncontrolled diabetes, HIV / AIDS, and Mellitus cancer. The Fungus infection is viewed at the first stages, though its serious results are seen in a short period.
Most of the patients reported to have this disease at the hospital are greater compared to those that are suffering from corona presently. The disease attacks inside the ears, throat, and nose. From this, with 11 reported cases, the patients lost one eye & five patients died.
Symptoms of Black fungus
Mucormycosis symptoms depend on the place the fungus is developing inside the body. If you see any of these symptoms, you need to contact the healthcare provider.
Symptoms of sinus & brain mucormycosis
- One-sided swelling on the face
- Black lesions at a nasal bridge or top inside of your mouth quickly get to be more severe
- Sinus or Nasal congestion
- Symptoms of lung mucormycosis
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Skin mucormycosis looks the same as ulcers or blisters, & the infested area can change to black. Other indications are pain, excessive redness, warmth, swelling near the wound.
- Gastrointestinal mucormycosis Symptoms
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
Dispersed mucormycosis normally happens to people that are already sick from different medical states, so this can be hard to understand which symptoms are linked to mucormycosis. Patients that have dispersed infection in the brain can grow mental status or coma.
Who gets mucormycosis?
Mucormycosis is uncommon, but it is more common to people that have health issues or consumes medicines that lower the body’s capability in fighting germs & sickness. Other groups of people that are likely to develop mucormycosis are people with:
- Prematurity & low birthweight
- Diabetes, particularly those with diabetic ketoacidosis
- Organ transplant
- Neutropenia (low number count of white blood cells)
- Stem-cell transplant
- Excess iron in the body (hemochromatosis or iron overload)
- Long-term corticosteroid usage
- Injection drug usage
- Skin injury brought by surgery, wounds, or burns
Kinds of fungi that cause mucormycosis
Numerous kinds of fungi cause mucormycosis. The fungi are known as mucormycetes & they belong to Mucorales scientific order. The most common kinds which cause mucormycosis include Rhizopus species & Mucor species. Other examples are Rhizomucor species, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Syncephalastrum species, Apophysomyces, Saksenaea, Lichtheimia & Rhizomucor.
How to diagnose mucormycosis
Healthcare providers check your medical history, physical examinations, symptoms & lab tests when treating mucormycosis. Healthcare professionals that suspect that you’ve mucormycosis at your sinuses or lungs may collect a fluid sample from your respiratory-system and send it to the lab.
The healthcare provider does a tissue-biopsy, where a little sample of the infected tissue is examined in the laboratory for some confirmation of mucormycosis using a microscope or with a fungal culture. One may also require imaging tests like a CT scan for your sinuses, lungs, or any other body section of your body, depending on the location of the suspected infection.
Mucormycosis remains a serious infection & requires to be checked with recommended antifungal medicine, normally amphotericin B, isavuconazole, or posaconazole. The medicines are provided through some vein or the mouth. Other drugs, including fluconazole, echinocandins, voriconazole do not operate against fungi which causes mucormycosis. Frequently, mucormycosis needs surgery to cut off the tissue that’s infected.
It’s hard to prevent breathing in fungal-spores the reason being the fungi that cause mucormycosis are everywhere in this environment we are living in. Presently no vaccine’s made to prevent mucormycosis. For people that have weak immune systems, there are ways in which they can lower the probability of you developing mucormycosis.
Protecting yourself from the environment
It’s significant to note that though the actions are commended, they have not been proved to stop mucormycosis.
- Try and prevent walking in places with more dust including excavation or construction sites. If you are working in these areas, it’s good that you wear an N95-respirator face mask while there.
- Avoid having direct contact with buildings that are water-damaged & floodwater having hurricanes & natural disasters.
- Minimize from involving yourself with activities that comprise close contact with dust, soil-like gardening, or yard work. If it’s not possible, you are advised to
- Wear gloves as you handle materials like soil, manure, or moss
- Wear shoes, a long-sleeved shirt, and long pants when in outdoor activities like gardening, visiting wooded places, or yard work.
- To decrease the chances of having a skin infection, wash skin injuries properly using soap & water, particularly when they are exposed to dust and soil.
When you’re at a high danger of developing mucormycosis for instance, if you have had an organ-transplant or stem-cell transplant, the healthcare professional may recommend medication that stops mucormycosis & different mold infections. Doctors & scientists are still in research about the transplant that exposes patients at the highest risk & how to stop these fungal infections properly.
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Le Claire, Iowa - A city in Scott County, Iowa located along the Mississippi River. As of 2011, Le Claire has a population estimate of 3,809. The city takes its name from Antoine LeClaire, a trader who originally owned the land. Although the city's official name is "Le Claire," it is often spelled "LeClaire." The town was incorporated in 1855, having been settled as early as the 1830s.
Le Claire offers some of the best Bald Eagle Photography opportunities in the continental US from December to March each year at Lock and Dam 14 on the Mississippi River
Le Claire, Iowa at dawn
William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26, 1846 – January 10, 1917) was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), in Le Claire.
Le Claire has a Buffalo Bill Museum.
Le Claire also has the ‘Lone Star’ museum building (entrance through the Buffalo Bill museum). The Lone Star was the last working paddlewheel barge on the Mississippi River. Here is a picture of the engine room. Painting of the Lone Star.
©2005 Iowa Ghost Towns - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
|EZ County Index with Towns|
|EZ Town Index with Info|
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Wooden on LeadershipIn the current business world, managing a project team is commonplace. This assignment will use John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success, its different facets, and how it relates to leading and managing project teams. The pyramid interaction works best with Mozilla Firefox or Microsoft Edge. You’ll also refer back to the mini-case studies from the first assignment found in the assignment preparation in Week 9.
Write a 5–7 page paper in which you:
Describe the extent to which John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success fits today’s world of project management, based on what you have learned in this course.
Provide three examples to support your response.
Typify your leadership style and provide three examples of how your own temperament, motivation pattern, thinking styles, character, expectations, and leadership philosophy relate to or contrast with themes discussed in John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success.
Discuss how this model could be applied to the Global Green Books Publishing case studies you looked at in the first assignment.
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Selling your goods globally means you must adhere to a number of
rules and regulations. In this 3 Minute Explainer, we look at the
basics of export management.
The trade in physical goods is one of the cornerstones of the global
economy. Everyday countless items travel make their way from Point A
to Point B.
Despite our reliance on global trade, items cannot always travel
freely. There are many laws governing the movement of goods. This is
true for all types of companies and all types of export transactions.
Whether you ship raw materials or finished goods, or to consumers or
businesses, you must comply with foreign trade regulations.
It is illegal to contravene international trade regulations.
Companies that do so can face fines and other penalties. These could
be serious, including loss of export privileges and even jail time.
Let’s take a look at some of the most important export management regulations.
Companies engaged in foreign trade must adhere to sanctions and
embargoes. Nor may companies engage in trade with restricted or denied parties.
Almost every day, countries announce new sanctions against countries
or individuals. These may include total shipping bans on countries
like Iraq. However, there are also more complex sanctions. For
example, hybrid sanctions allow certain commercial activities, but not others.
Furthermore, governments may ban trade with people or groups involved
in organized crime, terrorism and other serious offenses.
Around the world, governments and international organizations compile
'denied party lists" (DPLs). These are groups, entities and
individuals with whom it is illegal to trade.
Depending on what you ship and where you ship to, you must ensure
your trading partners are not on these DPLs. Exporters need to perform
party screening before shipping. That is, check their orders
against DPLs. Restricted party screening is also known as denied party
screening; or sanctioned party screening.
Manually screening against all necessary DPLs takes time. For high
volume exporters this becomes almost impossible to manage. However,
despite these challenges, global trade law requires shippers to do so.
For manufacturers of controlled goods, this is even more crucial.
Failure to do so can result in fines, loss of export privileges or
Governments around the world require licenses and permits to legally
export certain goods. These include dual use items. Dual use items are
goods that have a potential military application as well as a
commercial one. These licensing controls can apply to goods that may
seem innocuous, such as a life jacket.
Exporters need to manage licenses by date, quantity and/or value.
They need to know how many licenses they have used and where, as well
as how many are available.
Export licensing restrictions may also apply to technology developed
in another country.
Consider a manufacturer in Germany. This manufacturer uses US
technology or intellectual property in a finished product. As a
result, the manufacturer must also abide by US export control laws
when shipping to a third country.
Certain licenses have recipient restrictions. This means you may only
ship them to specific named individuals. So, it is illegal to hand
over the delivery to another person if the recipient is not available.
If goods get “stuck in Customs” chances are, this is because some
crucial paperwork is missing.
Along with the necessary transportation paperwork, internationally
shipped goods require export documentation. This could include:
Certificates of origin
Dangerous goods notices
Bills of lading
A cloud-based export
management solution can streamline all aspects of exporting your
goods. This includes trading partner screening, licence management,
international, regulatory and multilingual export documentation.
Automated solutions can connect with government systems. This allows
companies to electronically file documentation.
This offers companies several advantages. By leveraging
automated export compliance software solutions, enterprises can:
Automate manual processes
Track critical export processes to ensure all necessary steps are taken
Mitigate the risk of an export compliance misstep
Create audit ready reports
To subscribe to our blog, or to receive notifications about QAD
Precision events, webinars and news, please click here.
MANAGEMENT AND AES FILING FOR US EXPORTERS
INTEGRATE EXPORT MANAGEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION
MINUTE EXPLAINER: WHY YOU SHOULD AUTOMATE TRADE COMPLIANCE
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It works quickly, usually in less than a half an hour. I have been taking Midol since I was 13 for PMS and menstrual symptoms.
Follow this link for full answer
Lastly, can you lay down after taking Midol?
Do not lie down for at least 10 minutes after taking this drug. To prevent stomach upset, take this medication with food, milk, or an antacid.
Without doubt, how long does 2 Midol last? Extended release acetaminophen (pain reliever) that tackles premenstrual headache and cramps for up to eight hours. Available in easy-to-take caplets. Recommended for both adults and children 12 years or older. Take two caplets with water every eight hours as necessary; do not exceed six caplets per day.
Again, why is my period cramps so bad?
During your period, your uterus contracts to help shed its lining. These contractions are triggered by hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. Higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more severe menstrual cramps. Some people tend to have more severe menstrual cramps without any clear cause.
Can a 13 year old take Midol?
This medicine is not approved for use in children younger than 12 years old. Talk with the doctor. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant.
10 Related Questions Answered
A: Anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen and naproxen reduce the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are chemicals that trigger the uterus to contract and shed the endometrium (uterine lining) each month. However, anti-inflammatories can delay your period for no more than a day or two.
What helps with cramps?Over-the-counter pain medicine like ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (Aleve), or acetaminophen (Tylenol). ... Exercise.Putting a heating pad on your belly or lower back.Taking a hot bath.Having an orgasm (by yourself or with a partner).Rest.
This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy or blur your vision.
Should I take Midol® products with food or on an empty stomach? You may take Midol® products with food if stomach upset occurs.
Can you bleed to death? Dr Sarah Jarvis, GP and clinical director of Patient.info, has emphasised that menorrhagia will not kill you. She said: "Heavy menstrual bleeding can make you feel unwell, but it is not going to kill you.
It is alleged to provide relief of emotional or mood changes (e.g., anxiety, nervous tension, irritability), reduce water-retention symptoms, and reduce severity of cramps and backache. However, it is not yet proven to be safe and effective for any menstrual symptom. It also carries the risk of drowsiness.
If cramps bother your daughter, she can try:
- a warm heating pad on her belly.
- taking ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, or store brand) or naproxen (Aleve or store brand); this works best if the medicine is started at the first sign of cramps.
Acetaminophen 500 mg (pain reliever) Caffeine 60 mg (stimulant)
Available in convenient and easy to take caplets, Midol Complete contains acetaminophen with caffeine and pyrilamine maleate, combining a pain reliever, diuretic and antihistamine to effectively relieve period cramps, headache, backache, muscle ache, bloating, fatigue and water weight gain.
Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Use the lowest dose that is effective in treating your condition. An Midol IB overdose can damage your stomach or intestines. The maximum amount of ibuprofen for adults is 800 milligrams per dose or 3200 mg per day (4 maximum doses).
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Environment and Ecology in the Long Nineteenth-Century
This first volume includes scientific sources that were foundational in the professionalization of science and in the development and dissemination of scientific thinking as it moved towards evolutionary thought, including emerging ideas in biology, botany, zoology, anatomy, natural theology, and geology.
- 680 pages
- United Kingdom
- History of science
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Vitamin D is the first supplement I would suggest for allergies. Unless you live where there is an abundant amount of sunshine and can be outside daily, chances are your vitamin D levels are low. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread even in areas where there is plenty of sunshine.
Simply taking some vitamin D could improve your allergies within a few weeks. It may take longer if your level of vitamin D is low. While waiting for vitamin D levels to rise look into quercetin and bromelain for some faster relief.
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When it comes to minimising risk and maximising productivity, keeping your IT systems secure and up to date is paramount. This is something we do as standard for all of our clients, but what happens when something unexpected happens that you have no control over? 2018 did not get off to a good start for Intel. It came to light earlier this month that a recent batch of their processors had a security bug that could leave affected PC’s vulnerable to cyberattacks. To make matters worse, the bug could also slow down some high-end machines and cause productivity issues. Things like security keys, passwords and cached files could all be made vulnerable. It’s very likely the bug could affect hundreds of thousands of machines made in the past few years, and because the next ‘generation’ of chipsets wouldn’t be released for some time, this is an issue that the likes of Microsoft and Linux were going to have to fix themselves.
In other words, it falls to you, the end-user, to ensure your machines are well oiled, secure and ready to perform. That’s where we come in.
Is your system secure and up to date?
Part of covering your bases is ensuring that the software you’re using is up to date. That includes your operating system. Windows 10 is Microsoft’s most secure operating system yet, and earlier this month they released a fix as part of a security update that would be applied automatically (providing your machines allow automatic updates). Unlike Windows 10, systems running Windows 7 or Windows 8 won’t get the update automatically and some extra leg work may be required on your part. This is something we could also help with, but we’d strongly recommend an update to Windows 10 if you haven’t already.
That’s not all you have to do to ensure your systems are secure though. Alongside the updates from Microsoft, firmware updates from the likes of Intel and AMD will also be required to work alongside the patches. And even anti-virus programmes may have to be updated to keep on working correctly. When all is said and done, that’s a lot to juggle. In a statement on their blog, Microsoft said:
“We’re aware of this industry-wide issue and have been working closely with chip manufacturers to develop and test mitigations to protect our customers. We are in the process of deploying mitigations to cloud services and have also released security updates to protect Windows customers against vulnerabilities affecting supported hardware chips from Intel, ARM, and AMD. We have not received any information to indicate that these vulnerabilities had been used to attack our customers.”
It’s certainly reassuring that Microsoft has responded so promptly, but there remains a lot for businesses to do in order to make sure they’re safeguarded against any negative effects. In the wake of the announcement, Intel came forward and said:
“Check with your operating system vendor or system manufacturer and apply any available updates as soon as they are available.”
This puts a lot of onus on you and your team.
Taking steps to safeguard your business
This is a particularly unfavourable event as it can not only impact the security of your files and systems, but also the speed of impacted machines. Some are reporting that the fixed being brought out could slow PCs down by as much as 30%, which will no doubt impact those businesses who rely on fast machines and processing power. If you have an internal IT department, this is something they should have been all over and covered off within a matter of days, but what about smaller and medium-sized businesses? Most businesses with less than 50 employees don’t have a dedicated in-house IT department to turn to, and these are the companies that are most vulnerable in light of these incidents. What’s more, they can’t be predicted.
The first thing these SME enterprises should do is ensure their software is up to date. If you haven’t already upgraded to Windows 10 you should at least be considering it, if only to get the latest security updates. Windows 10 is one of the safest and most productive operating systems you can use, and having it will mitigate much of the risk inherent to doing business online. Even with up-to-date software though, your business can still be vulnerable if you’re not aware of these things as they happen. If you work for an SME, there’s a good chance you’re far more concerned with the day-to-day running of the business and looking after customers than you are with Intel security flaws and looking out for firmware updates.
That’s where we can help out. The relationship we try to build with our clients is more like a partnership. We take businesses without their own IT departments under our wing, and we fill that gap. It’s less expensive than employing an in-house team, and we’ll be there frequently to ensure your systems are running smoothly and all your machines have the very latest security updates and productivity patches. What’s more, we can help with telephony, cloud back-ups, new hardware and migration. Moving into a new office? We can even help with the transition and get all your systems up and running in no time.
For a limited time, we’re offering businesses throughout London and the surrounding areas our HealthCheck+ package for FREE. This security check involves a visit to your site, as well as a detailed 20+ page report to keep and share. To find out more or book your slot, call us now on 01442 2017099.
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Burning off weight is usually the red hot issue and try to is going to be. Regardless of whether you have a great deal or a little to forfeit, you’ve always wondered the ultimate way to get rid of those excess pounds. There exists a lot of one-size-fits-all suggestions building a rounds, as well as it just simply no longer working regarding women.
Why it really is not working happens because people really don’t lose weight much the same way – even though employing the same methods. Anyone just have to look at the variance around a guy as well as your distribution connected with extra fat tissues to comprehend this.
Ladies is likely to possess around shape troubles when it comes to this syndication associated with fat – with the guitar neck for the forearms to your midsection towards thighs. A male typically results nearly all of their weight within his waist, however most people are special, consequently you are unable to generalize as well much.
The Role connected with Your own Metabolic rate in Weight Loss
You can watch your diet plus figure out as difficult as the next one and find by yourself fighting to lose each pound. A human body’s metabolic makeup products is among the motives that men and women are different in how much quicker they’re able to pull off excessive weight.
When it comes to metabolism, there is absolutely no degree game here. As an example, guys simply drop weight quicker as compared to ladies because their lean muscle mass represents directly into how fast their metabolic rate works.
It doesn’t appear truthful, that is operate is. Ones rate of metabolism is usually the way that a what you eat obtains became energy. The metabolic rate is really what makes use of a person’s caloric intake.
And so, for the way fast or sluggish your fat burning capacity rates are, you might either lose weight easily – otherwise you won’t. You’ll find a few primary issues that see how nicely ones fat burning capacity will help you reduce weight.
The very first is you might be a dude or maybe a woman. In spite of feelings to the contrary, gentlemen in fact have less unwanted fat as compared to women. That may be the case since with unusual conditions, adult males have additional muscles about themselves when compared with ladies does.
Gentlemen will often be extra centered on possessing muscle groups than women of all ages are. A lot more muscle mass that you have got, the more it’s for your fat burning capacity to be right for you, burning up calories.
When you’ve got less fat – as well as having a terrific lean muscle – and then anytime you are trying to get rid of weight , you will complete if perhaps quicker as compared with one who has not got all those advantages.
That’s why women of all ages could find it difficult to lose 12 kilos during the period of 30 days along with a man could lower the idea around a handful of weeks. Your own cuboid bone framework likewise plays a part in how slow your current metabolic process works.
The larger boned one is, the particular more rapidly they can burn calories as a result of more quickly metabolism. People who have an increased cuboid framework can even use-up more calories when they’re resting as their regenerating metabolic processes is definitely faster.
Age group also leads to how soon your current metabolic processes will help you to burn up calories. Whenever you mature, your metabolic processes slows down due to alterations of which occur in your body.
If you live less active, your current metabolic process will certainly lose weight, but you might ticket improved along with weight loss if you’re doing exercises continually – if you’re gentleman or perhaps a woman.
Keep away from Swift Corrects
It may be really tempting to target the weight loss with what ever speedy diet regime gimmick can be sailing around. Although a fast fix isn’t a legitimate resolve at all considering that the weight loss would not past to the lengthy haul.
Many easy fixes tend to be diet plans which entail getting rid of complete food groups or perhaps consuming bizarre foodstuff in which odor or even taste horrific. Should you remove entire meal groups, the body is just not obtaining vitamins it needs.
You can even find themselves seriously restraining nutrient intake. Bankruptcy lawyer las vegas calories will become too constrained, ones metabolic rate can reduce because your system is going to get into preservation mode.
Every eating plan that will states it provides a miracle strategy to all your weight loss desires is not becoming truthful. In the event that there have been this easy correct, all people would certainly apply it. You will find crooks that may excitedly take advantage of your desire to shed weight.
These types of swift solutions make a yo-yo effect. You will eliminate weight , but it really may come right back. When easily misplaced weight earnings, it often brings about it a lot more excess fat than you actually at first lost.
Plus, yet fast repairs could be dangerous for your well being – especially if they’re extreme. Virtually any magic pill that needs damaging methods really should be avoided.
By using harmless strategies, you can reduce weight and you’ll be better when undertaking it. You can identify if perhaps a way is usually an easy option having phony says whether it claims extraordinary effects overnight or even in an exceedingly limited time period of time for lots of weight. There is no like issue when overnight weight loss.
5 Meal Practices so that you can Training If You Need to Lose Weight
There may be good reason that will shops decide to put each of the tempting foodstuff in eyes stage plus inside simple reach. We love to points basic and fast so when we have seen each of our favorite fattening food, it could outrank our willpower.
It truly is even worse in the event we’re weary, irritable as well as bored. How worn out we’re also, how we’re feeling as well as exactly what i am enduring can influence food items choices. Refusal may be an issue when you’re thinking regarding varying your foodstuff behavior as a way to eliminate weight.
Any time majority of the women listen to the word “diet program,” many people instantly start contemplating most of the meals that they can’t eat. Sacrificing weight just isn’t as considerably with regards to not accepting all by yourself foodstuff as it’s merely selecting to eat additional good food above the less balanced ones.
The first foodstuff addiction to practice is usually to afford prosperous weight loss. Which means toddler have the foodstuffs which will be the weak spot inside of easy reach. You dont want to prevent them completely because the far more against the rules a food is, a lot more the body should have any looking for it.
In case you have certain foods which are your listlessness, you’ll want to continue to find them, yet make them merely around single serving sizes. Your second meals behavior to look at is with section control.
We all are inclined to take too lightly the length of this helpings for your menu and it will always be too quick in which to stay that will super type of mindset. It’s always better to determine out there portions.
Another meals behavior is always to understand how you might be sabotaging yourself. You must contemplate for anyone who is truly greedy or maybe you are grabbing one thing just which is your own fallback device flinging in.
Your current fallback device is definitely that which you depend upon while you experience all the way down or even focused on a thing or even simply possess the munchies. This can be when you can feed on greater than you actually intended.
The fourth foodstuff pattern is actually to suit your weight loss diet plan to your lifestyle. This is the region this travels upwards many women who wish to get rid of weight. They prepare all their food at your house, but fail to afford the periods any time they may be working later or perhaps out with friends.
It can be also easier to consentrate that you have blown this with regard to one night to be able to in addition over-eat. Ascertain beforehand precisely what you’ll complete to have healthy and balanced to get the changing times as soon as you cannot cause it to household through dinner.
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Support project for health sector
The Health Sector Support Project-2 (PASS2), financed by the European Union with development funds, consists in providing the Ministry of Health with technical support to improve the population's health status, and more specifically children's and women's health. It aims to strengthen and upgrade the institutional capabilities of the Ministry of Health's central services at work through standards, management procedures and instruments in strategic and operational planning areas, budget development, service organization, monitoring and negotiation. It also pursues to strength and improve the provincial capability of the Ministry of Health in the provinces of Luanda, Benguela, Bié, Huíla and Huambo, as well as to upgrade the quality of care in maternal and child health services in hospitals and reference health centers, and more particularly to secure the health care chain related to pregnancy, birth, postpartum and neonatal care in the mentioned provinces.
Ministry of Planning
Ministry of Health
EPOS - AESA
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A few decades ago we had hundreds of small schools dotting the PEI landscape, their locations determined by how far a child could reasonably be expected to walk to get there each day. Today, in line with the general trend to centralization of everything, we have a few “families” of schools, and with this week’s recommendations from the Public Schools Branch, a few more of the children in those families of schools are being cut loose as being no longer viable.
The world changes, and constant adaptation is a necessity for all governments, and while I want to make it absolutely clear that I am not advocating a return to the days of one room schools in every small community (many of those communities, like the schools within them, are now gone anyway), I am questioning both the trend to consolidation generally and the specifics of last week’s announcement.
The arguments put forward to support the recommended closures center on two themes – cost savings, and the ability to provide equal learning opportunities for all Island children. I contend that the cost savings are minimal, and the claim that learning outcomes will be improved is unsupportable, so why are we continuing down the path of centralization? The ideology of consolidation hasn’t just brought us an ongoing enthusiasm for school closures, it has resulted in an Island where once hundreds of family enterprises in fishing, retail and farming, have been displaced by box stores, factory trawlers and industrial agriculture.
While it is one thing for the School Board to make recommendations to government, it is quite another for government to accept and implement those ideas. Even if we might save a few dollars in closing these schools (doubtful though that claim is), government must look at this through a broader lens, measuring not only the impact the proposed closures will have on the bottom line of the department of education, but on the collective well-being of our province. I wonder if the education department has spoken to the Department of Workforce and Advanced Learning to see how these closures might impact the province’s population strategy? I wonder if they have spoken to the Department of Economic Development and Tourism about how rural economic vitality will be impacted? I wonder if they have spoken to the Department of Health and Wellness about how this might impact physician recruitment and retention in rural areas? My belief is that they haven’t, because if they did, they would clearly see that school closures and the associated impacts have a devastating effect on the viability of a small community. And let’s not forget that the three biggest sectors of our provincial economy – agriculture, fishing and tourism – are all predominantly rural affairs. The collective economic health of PEI is dependent on both rural and urban PEI flourishing. How can we expect our whole province to thrive when we have a government that continues to make decisions which compromise the well-being of our rural districts?
There is nothing – I repeat nothing – that any child up to grade 6 or so needs in order to receive a perfectly good education that can’t be provided in a small local school. And furthermore, with distance learning, it is now possible to have interaction between teachers and students within and beyond our education system, allowing access to virtually any programming at any school.
Somehow our government is able to see potential economic and cultural spinoffs when shelling out millions of dollars to keep a chronically insolvent golf resort limping along, but can’t see the big picture when it comes to how vital schools are to all aspects of community well-being. If government accepts and implements the recommendations of the Public School Branch, they will be demonstrating their lack of understanding of the interconnectedness of all things, and more importantly their lack of vision for our province.
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Mary Magdalene, ex-prostitute and role model for fallen women, is most definitely “out.” “In” is a reinvented Magdalene, cobbled together according to your personal preferences: wife (or mistress) of Christ; mother of His child; apostle to the apostles; high priestess of an Egyptian religion; and/or spiritual and intellectual superior to Christ’s male disciples. However you view her, it’s clear that Mary Magdalene has lately been given a drastic makeover. And largely responsible for her new personae are a number of feminist theological scholars and writers.
Until recently, the basis of what people thought they knew about Magdalene came from some questionable Christian traditions, and to a lesser extent from the four New Testament Gospels. All but one scriptural reference mentions Mary in the context of events surrounding the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ. She was the first to witness the resurrected Christ, and she conveyed His instructions to the disciples. But she quickly fades from view in the remaining verses of the Gospels and in fact is never mentioned in subsequent Church history recorded in the book of Acts or the Epistles.
A number of noncanonical writings, however, claim to record dialogues between Mary and the risen Christ, or between her and the apostles. Among these Gnostic works, the so-called Gospel of Mary is key, though the Gospel of Philip is also widely cited, as is a document known as Pistis Sophia (Faith Wisdom). All portray a Mary in a different role than the one outlined in the four biblical Gospels.
Little was known of these extrabiblical writings until just before the 20th century. In 1896, a German Egyptologist bought a codex in Cairo that contained, among other things, a portion of the Gospel of Mary. Fragments of the Gospel of Mary were also found among the papyri later recovered at Oxyrhynchus, Egypt. Then in 1945, in a manner not unlike the discovery of the more famous and far more numerous Dead Sea Scrolls three years later, a copy of the Gospel of Philip along with other Gnostic texts was found in a sealed jar near the Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi. Modern-language translations began to be published in the late 1970s.
In the subsequent decades, the study of Mary Magdalene has understandably been stimulated and given new context by the contents of these additional Gnostic texts.
Thoroughly Modern Mary
The endeavor to “restore” Magdalene to what some believe is her rightful role has, to simplify it somewhat, been threefold.
First, great effort is being expended to correct a traditional slur against her; namely, that she was a prostitute before becoming a follower of Jesus. Three separate female characters have, by tradition, been conflated into one: Magdalene herself, from whom Christ exorcised seven demons (Luke 8:2); the otherwise unidentified “sinner” who anointed and wiped Christ’s feet in the presence of a Pharisee (Luke 7); and Mary of Bethany (John 11:1). This conflation has been traced primarily to a sermon by Pope Gregory I in 591. As a result, Mary Magdalene became the patron of reformed prostitutes and other “fallen women” and was often portrayed in paintings, clothed in scarlet and carrying an alabaster jar of ointment.
A quiet retraction by the Roman Catholic Church in 1969 fell well short of eradicating the widely held tradition. The tag of “repentant fallen woman” had become indelibly marked on her. It is interesting, however, that while feminists who take an interest in Mary Magdalene are quick to distance her from the sinful woman who anointed Christ’s feet, some find it convenient to retain the connection with Mary of Bethany in spite of evidence to the contrary.
A second reason for the movement to elevate Mary Magdalene’s significance is that her role, even as portrayed in the canonical Gospels, is generally viewed today as having been minimized by an all-male religious establishment. However, there is a broad spectrum of views about how Mary should now be considered, even among her champions.
Perhaps foremost, however, is that the Mary portrayed in some Gnostic texts—particularly in the Gospel of Mary—is given significant status that makes her appear spiritually superior to Christ’s apostles. Predictably, this is the Mary who has been eagerly elevated as the cause célèbre of feminist writers. This Magdalene is the new queen of heaven in the vanguard of a determined agenda to change our understanding of history, Christianity and the very nature of God.
The Mary portrayed in some Gnostic texts . . . is given significant status that makes her appear spiritually superior to Christ’s apostles.
So how would her advocates have us understand Mary Magdalene and the events—of which she was a part—that are central to Scripture? Do they have a good case, or is it flawed? How does it compare with biblical accounts? What are the implications for mainstream Catholic or Protestant belief?
The Real Mary
Mary Magdalene is mentioned in all four Gospels. This distinguishes her from a confusing bevy of other Marys, including Mary of Bethany. In the Scriptures, the latter is invariably associated with her sister Martha or her brother Lazarus, or with Bethany itself.
The first mention of Magdalene is found in Luke’s Gospel: “Now it came to pass, afterward, that He went through every city and village, preaching and bringing the glad tidings of the kingdom of God. And the twelve were with Him, and certain women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities—Mary called Magdalene, out of whom had come seven demons, . . . and many others who provided for Him from their substance” (Luke 8:1–3).
This passage makes it clear that Magdalene, along with several others, accompanied Christ as He preached the gospel over what was probably a considerable period. And it tells us that He had exorcised her of demons.
Magdalene is also depicted at the crucifixion in all four Gospels, faithfully standing by the brutalized and dying Christ with other women.
Her main claim to fame, however, is that she was the first witness of the resurrected Christ, as recorded in John 20:16–18 and Mark 16:9. According to John’s account, “Jesus said to her, ‘Mary!’ She turned and said to Him, ‘Rabboni!’ (which is to say, Teacher). Jesus said to her, ‘Do not cling to Me, for I have not yet ascended to My Father; but go to My brethren and say to them, “I am ascending to My Father and your Father, and to My God and your God.”’ Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord, and that He had spoken these things to her.”
There was a second, later encounter, recorded in Matthew 28:9–10, where two women (Magdalene and apparently Christ’s mother) saw Jesus. This is often confused with Mary’s first meeting and is seen as a contradiction. But on this occasion He allowed them to touch Him, indicating that He had by then been to His Father: “And as they went to tell His disciples, behold, Jesus met them, saying, ‘Rejoice!’ So they came and held Him by the feet and worshiped Him.” This time both Marys were to convey a further message to the disciples: “Then Jesus said to them, ‘Do not be afraid. Go and tell My brethren to go to Galilee, and there they will see Me.’”
The Apostle Mary?
Because she was the first to encounter the risen Christ and was sent by Him with a message to the apostles, Mary Magdalene has assumed immense importance in the feminist cause. Yet there is an irony here. The designation “apostle to the apostles” (an apostle being “one sent”) was attached to Mary by Roman Catholic church fathers such as Hippolytus and Augustine in the third and fourth centuries. But according to Mary’s advocates, it was the Gnostics who venerated her, whereas the church was guilty of having downplayed her importance.
Mary’s title of “apostle to the apostles” fell out of fashion after Pope Gregory equated her with the sinful woman of Luke 7, but it was given new life by Pope John Paul II in a 1988 Apostolic Letter. Yet the pope quite clearly did not regard the epithet in the same way feminists do: in 1995, he expressly prohibited discussion of women entering the priesthood.
Mary Magdalene is variously treated by the writers of recent books. Likewise, the standards of scholarship and factuality vary as they might in any other field of endeavor, but the range of quality is wider simply because some have hitched their favorite social causes to the research, translation and analysis done by others (much to the irritation of the latter). These causes include radical feminism, antichurch (particularly anti-Catholic) biases, the movement to allow women into the priesthood, New Age and neo-Gnostic sentiments, and ever-present conspiracy theories.
In general, contemporary writers rely heavily on Gnostic documents in their efforts to elevate Mary Magdalene. It is important to understand, however, that these documents differ considerably. Some are cogent, whereas others are unintelligible. Nor do the manuscripts necessarily agree with one another, as there were different branches of Gnosticism. In other words, the standard is extremely uneven. For this reason, modern quotations from Gnostic works tend to be quite narrow and selective.
It is on the basis of this selective reading and interpretation of apocryphal writings that a number of feminists have reconstituted Magdalene as Christ’s consort; as the mother of His child; as the high priestess of a religion where she represents the “sacred feminine” side of humankind; and, ultimately, as the queen of heaven now at Christ’s side. Yet even the Gnostic writings fall far short of any such claims.
On the creative end of the scale, Lynn Picknett, author of Mary Magdalene: Christianity’s Hidden Goddess, transforms Magdalene into a high priestess by alternately quoting the canonical Gospels when it suits her purpose, and rejecting them as the biased account of “the winners of history” when they do not. Mary Magdalene has to be conflated with Mary of Bethany to fit her theory. The latter’s act of anointing Christ’s feet and wiping them with her hair is transformed into both a public display of sexual license and simultaneously a secret anointing that proves Mary was an eastern mystical priestess. And it was all done in front of 12 disciples who were apparently such dullards that their only concern was the cost of the ointment.
The huge leaps of logic are compounded: “Mary of Bethany made Jesus into the Christ by anointing him with spikenard that had, almost certainly, been specifically bought and kept for that purpose” (emphasis added throughout). Another statement on the same page is just as blatant: “Both [John the Baptist and Mary of Bethany] are deliberately marginalized by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John—and so is Mary Magdalene, who comes out of nowhere virtually to take charge of the events after the crucifixion.”
Having stretched the credibility of her assumptions to breaking point via no facts in particular, Picknett continues, “Clearly, this woman who anointed Jesus was very special, a great priestess of some ancient pagan tradition.”
Mary Magdalene’s development as a penitent suited the Counter-Reformation need to emphasize penance and merit over the troublesome notion of grace.
A writer who is less inclined to take such liberties is Dutch Reformed minister Esther de Boer, though she, too, reaches some unfounded conclusions. Her book, Mary Magdalene: Beyond the Myth, is nonetheless informative in a feet-on-the-ground way. She points out that Mary Magdalene’s development as a penitent suited the Counter-Reformation need to emphasize penance and merit over the troublesome notion of grace that had been introduced by the Protestants.
De Boer places Magdalene in the historical and social context of her day: women are introduced into the Gospel accounts in a restrained way because of the first-century social milieu in Judea. Neither Jewish nor Roman tradition allowed for women as witnesses. She adds that the Gospels do not even refer to women as disciples except when they are part of a group that includes men.
De Boer is not interested in unfounded conspiracy theories. “What conclusion are we to draw from the fact that the evangelists [in the Gospels] tell us so little?” she asks. “The most obvious reply would be that the evangelists thought that any further information about her was unimportant for the story of the belief in Jesus that they wanted to tell.”
Susan Haskins, author of Mary Magdalen: Myth and Metaphor, suggests that the financial support that certain women, including Mary Magdalene, were able to extend to Christ may indicate that they were financially independent and therefore of a mature age. As for the belief that she was a reformed prostitute, Haskins points out that this was a convenient idea in an ecclesiastical environment that was coming to view celibacy as the ideal human state.
Haskins also discusses the notion that Mary Magdalene may have married Christ. This theory was posited in Holy Blood, Holy Grail (1983) by Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh and Henry Lincoln. Haskins describes the book as “one of the more bizarre manifestations of the late twentieth-century popular interest both in the story of Christ and in conspiracy theory.” The authors conjecture that Mary became the “holy grail” by bearing Christ’s child or children, then went to France, where the Merovingian line of kings was established through the offspring of the “royal couple.” Subsequently there arises the Priory of Sion to defend these secrets, along with alleged documents of the Knights Templar. These flawed notions form the basis of some of the supposed facts claimed by Dan Brown in his Da Vinci Code.
Haskins exposes the idea of Mary having lived in France as a series of tales—wildly conflicting—that monks put out over the centuries. With various shrines and churches vying for the lucrative pilgrimage trade, each had a vested interest in claiming to possess Mary’s remains, or relics.
But Haskins, too, jumps on the bandwagon of the Magdalene remake. Mary “has emerged in bold relief, restored to her New Testament role as chief female disciple, apostle to the apostles, and first witness of the resurrection,” she writes. Yet the New Testament says nothing about the first two of these three assumed roles.
It is unfortunate that competing belief systems—one ancient and one modern—have manipulated what little we know of Magdalene to advance their own religious and social agendas. In the case of the Roman Catholic Church, its negative portrayal of Mary over the centuries is essentially a thing of the past. In the meantime, however, radical feminists at last have a female character that they can mold in their own desired image. By resorting to writings of uncertain origin and quoting very selectively from them, without any regard to context, they have reconstructed her to meet a New Age, revisionist and feminist agenda.
For instance, the report in the Gospel of Philip about Jesus kissing Mary is interpreted as proof of a sexual or marriage relationship without any regard to the fact that the same gospel speaks with contempt of sex because it is a physical act. Kissing as a form of greeting, on the other hand, is referred to in other Nag Hammadi texts as well as in the writings of the apostles Paul and Peter (Romans 16:16; 1 Peter 5:14).
James Robinson, professor emeritus at Claremont Graduate University, spearheaded much of the translation and research work in the Nag Hammadi texts. He therefore knows and understands the context of the writings. He says that “the later [Gnostic] Gospels do not imply, much less divulge, any sexual tie with Jesus. The rehabilitation of Mary Magdalene in modern times to her rightful position as Jesus’ very loyal disciple, who stuck with him to the bitter end, should not be trivialized (or sensationalized) by projecting on her what may be no better than one’s own sexual fantasies.”
So how are we to view Mary of Magdala? In the Apostolic Writings, we read of her presence at the events surrounding Christ’s death and resurrection. She then disappears from the scene, simply because she is no longer an important part of the ensuing accounts. In short, the Mary Magdalene of the Bible is portrayed as neither more nor less than a devout follower of Christ.
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Q&A: Experts warn of Bash Bug, what are the risks?
NEW YORK – Internet security experts are warning that a new programming flaw known as the “Bash Bug” may pose a serious threat to millions of computers and other devices such as home Internet routers. Even the systems used to run factory floors and power plants could be affected.
So, is it time to panic? Here are some common questions and answers about the latest security scare.
Q. What is the Bash Bug, and why is it a big deal?
A. The bug, also known as “Shellshock,” is in a commonly used piece of system software called Bash. Bash has been around since 1989 and is used on a variety of Unix-based systems, including Linux and Mac OS X.
Devices that use Unix in some form include many servers, routers, Android phones, Mac computers, medical devices and even the computers that create bitcoins. Systems running power plants and municipal water systems could also be affected by the bug, though security experts already recommend that these systems remain disconnected from the Internet to avoid opening them to such risks.
Bash is a command shell — “the thing you use to tell your computer what you want it to do,” explains Christopher Budd, global threat communications manager at security firm Trend Micro. Thus, exploiting a security hole in Bash means telling your computer, or other systems, what to do.
Q. Why are people saying it’s worse than “Heartbleed,” the flaw that exploited security technology used by hundreds of thousands of websites?
A. While Heartbleed exposed passwords and other sensitive data to hackers, Bash Bug lets outsiders take control of the affected device to install programs or run commands.
On the other hand, Bash Bug might be harder to exploit. Heartbleed affected any system running OpenSSL, a common Web encryption technology. With Bash Bug, your system actually has to be using Bash, Budd said. There are multiple types of command shells, so even if Bash is installed, the system could actually be using a different one.
Q. It’s been a quarter century since Bash came out, so why is the bug a threat now?
A. That’s because someone — Stephane Chazelas of Akamai Technologies Inc. to be specific — just found it.
Heartbleed was around for more than two years before it was discovered.
Q. Should you be worried?
A. For now, the Bash Bug appears to be more of a potential nuisance than a major threat.
It’s a more vexing problem for Mac owners. The Bash Bug makes it easy for hackers to take control of a Mac running on a public Wi-Fi network, such as one in a coffee shop or airport, said Chris Wysopal, chief technology officer of computer security firm Veracode.
At home, a hacker who takes control of an Internet router could consume so much bandwidth for online mischief that the owner gets hit with a huge bill from service providers that impose monthly data caps, said Dave Lewis, Akamai Technologies’ global security advocate.
Another possible security problem: A hacker who seizes control of a vulnerable Web server might collect online passwords stored in databases, said Joe Siegrist, CEO of LastPass, a service that stores and protects passwords. The threat doesn’t appear to be as high as with Heartbleed, however.
The Bash Bug could cause massive damage if it’s used to create an Internet “worm” — lines of malicious computer coding that wiggle from one vulnerable server to the next. A worm that reaches pandemic proportions could bog down the Internet and even render some services inaccessible. At this point, a worm feeding on the Bash Bug looms as a theoretical threat.
Q. What can you do about it?
A. Everyday users can’t do much right now, except to wait for manufacturers to release fixes for their products. Budd recommends applying the patches for routers, Macs and other devices as they come out.
Even if a fix is developed, getting it could be another matter. Budd expects that to be an issue with Android phones, because their manufacturers and carriers are often slow to push out the system updates that Google provides.
Of course, it always helps to run up-to-date security software on your devices.
Q. Should these recurring security breakdowns cause people to reassess society’s ever-increasing dependence on the Internet?
A. Probably, given that the revelations about Bash Bug and Heartbleed surfaced within six months of each other. What’s especially troubling about Bash Bug is that it’s been hiding in plain sight for the past two decades, even as millions of more machines came online to widen the threat.
Furthermore, these risks are likely to escalate as people store more documents, photos, videos and even medical records over the Internet. At the same time, technology is expected to make it possible to plug just about everything imaginable into the Internet, be it coffee machines or automobiles.
We’ll just have to live with technological risks. As Lewis noted, “We are already too far down the road to take a step back.”
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As a Catholic, in conversations with fellow Christians, the question of the priesthood often arises. What is the purpose of a priest? Certainly, one can point to the importance of having a Church for doctrinal unity, but that points more to the importance of a Church rather than priests. Christ’s Apostles were fishermen, people from various walks of life, distinctly not part of the priestly contingent in Israel’s society. Why then does the Church have a priesthood, and what function does it serve? The quick answer to this question is the sacraments, the greatest of which is the Eucharist. The … Continue reading “The Priesthood of the Church” →
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant — Success in Circuit lies Too bright for our infirm Delight The Truth’s superb surprise As Lightning to the Children eased With Explanation kind The Truth must dazzle gradually Or every man be blind. — Emily Dickinson, quoted in Peterson I was fortunate. I read Eugene Peterson’s Tell It Slant—a book concerned with “out-of-the-way, unstudied, and everyday conversations” (3)—in the company of friends who relish out-of-the-way, unstudied, everyday conversations. From these friends I have gained a very valuable lesson in run-of-the-mill holiness, that is, the sanctity of that which seems … Continue reading “Toward a Conversational Christianity” →
A presentation by Father Bruce for the 2021 Morning Walk Fellowship.
Given my staple here as a writer who submits to and defends the authority of the Catholic Church, I am taking a bit of a step back in these four articles where I will explore some random theological ideas. The articles are based on a paper I wrote in University in which I hope to take what good has come from Midrashic texts and blend it with Christianity. In my first article, I explained what Midrash is and how Christian Midrash can exist. In my second I went into what I see to be a form of Christian Midrash, The … Continue reading “Christian Midrash: In the Church Today” →
This article is a continuation of a previous post, where I begin my three article journey responding to Zach. In this piece I will look at Apostolic Succession through a historical lens, bringing together many of the “Fact Checks” from my previous post. We will clearly define what is meant by Apostolic Succession and why theological cohesion was sought by the early Church, as well as the condemnation of heresy. In my next article I will discuss scriptural and historical evidence for Apostolic Succession. As with many debated topics, Apostolic Succession can be made into a straw man by its … Continue reading “Apostolic Succession Part 2: Heresy, Hooligans, and the Holy” →
This is the third installation in a series of articles in which I present my view of church history with a focus on the relationship between church and state. In my last article, I covered the caesaropapism. Today I cover the middle ages, the Holy Roman Empire, and the papacy. In my next and last installation, I will cover the reformation. By no means does this series provide a comprehensive history. This article covering the middle ages does not even mention Charlemagne, Pepin’s reforms, Wycliffe, or the Hussites. Rather, I have chosen to focus on a small number of events … Continue reading “Church and State Part Three: Popes and Kings” →
For the past few years, Zach and I have had a running debate with Vlad about whether the term “Ecumenical” aptly describes Morning Walk. Zach and I advocate for its inclusion into our Mission Statement. Vlad, in all his belligerent Russian Orthodox fashion, thinks the word speaks too much like a festering of High Church Anglicans getting together with Vatican higher-ups to dither about much of nothing and sign something that has little real world implications. Such “Ecumenism” does not reflect the spirit of true Christian ecumenical conversation, and Vlad is right to be concerned with the usage of a … Continue reading “What Real Ecumenism Looks Like” →
I can see the merits of Sola Scriptura. I can see why so many people choose to adopt that ideology. Just as Jesus seemingly condensed the law into two rules, so a summary compilation of the tenets of the faith, the Bible, condenses the work of millennia. It’s easier to read, and, in theory, it’s all a Christian needs to learn the faith. I posit, however, that adhering to Sola Scriptura alone can lead to dangerous levels of oversight. In 2020 Anno Domini, poverty is considerably less of an issue than in 20 Anno Domini. Is the means of our … Continue reading “Christianity of the Third Millennium” →
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THE PRESIDENT: Well, good morning, everybody. I am here at Parkville Middle School and Center of Technology outside of Baltimore with Secretary Arne Duncan and Budget Director Jack Lew. And I just came to Parkville on a day where we are unveiling our budget, and I’m doing so for a reason. But before I do that I just want to thank Principal Buddy Parker, who is showing us around, as well as Susan Yoder, the eighth grade science teacher who we just visited with in her classroom.
Over the last few weeks I’ve traveled the country, talking about what we need to do to win the future; talked about the need to invest in innovation, so that the next big idea is discovered here in the United States of America. I’ve talked about the need to invest in high-speed rail and high-speed Internet, so that companies can move goods and information faster than ever. And this week, I’ll be talking about the need to invest in education -– in places like Parkville -– so that every American is equipped to compete with any worker, anywhere in the world.
These investments are an essential part of the budget my administration is sending to Congress. Because I’m convinced that if we out-build and out-innovate and out-educate, as well as out-hustle the rest of the world, the jobs and industries of our time will take root here in the United States. Our people will prosper and our country will succeed.
But I’m also convinced that the only way we can make these investments in our future is if our government starts living within its means, if we start taking responsibility for our deficits. That’s why, when I was sworn in as President, I pledged to cut the deficit in half by the end of my first term. The budget I’m proposing today meets that pledge -– and puts us on a path to pay for what we spend by the middle of the decade. We do this in part by eliminating waste and cutting whatever spending we can do without.
As I start — as a start, I’ve called for a freeze on annual domestic spending over the next five years. This freeze would cut the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, bringing this kind of spending — domestic discretionary spending — to its lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was President. Let me repeat that. Because of our budget, this share of spending will be at its lowest level since Dwight Eisenhower was President. That level of spending is lower than it was under the last three administrations, and it will be lower than it was under Ronald Reagan.
Now, some of the savings will come through less waste and more efficiency. To take just one example, by getting rid of 14,000 office buildings, lots and government-owned properties we no longer need, we can save taxpayers billions of dollars. And when it comes to programs we do need, we’re making them work better by demanding accountability. Instead of spending first, and asking questions later, we’re rewarding folks inside and outside government who deliver results. And to make sure that special interests aren’t larding up legislation with pet projects, I’ve pledged to veto any bill that contains earmarks.
Still, even as we cut waste and inefficiency, this budget freeze will require some tough choices. It will mean cutting things that I care deeply about — for example, community action programs in low-income neighborhoods and towns, and community development block grants that so many of our cities and states rely on. But if we’re going to walk the walk when it comes to fiscal
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Ruling on women going to women’s clubs
Praise be to Allaah.
My advice to my brothers is not to let their women go to swimming clubs and sports clubs, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) urged women to stay in their homes. When speaking about women going to the mosques, which are the places of worship and shar’i knowledge, he said: “Do not prevent the female slaves of Allaah from going to the mosques of Allaah, although their homes are better for them.” This is also in accordance with the words of Allaah (interpretation of the meaning):
“And stay in your houses” [al-Ahzaab 33:33]
Moreover, if a woman gets used to that she will form a strong attachment to it, because her emotions are so strong. Then it will distract her from her religious and worldly duties, and it will become all that she thinks and talks about. If a woman does something like this, it will be a means of taking away her modesty, and if a woman’s modesty is taken away from her, do not even ask about the evil consequences that may follow, unless Allaah blesses her with righteousness which will restore to her the modesty which is her birthright.
I will conclude my answer by repeating my advice to my believing brothers not to let their womenfolk – whether they are their daughters, sisters, wives or anyone else under their guardianship – go to these clubs. I ask Allaah to bless all of us with strength and caution against the misleading ways of temptation, for He is able to do all things. Praise be to Allaah, the Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and all his family and companions.
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By David Doochin
Debate continues over the future of Confederate monuments in North Carolina. An unclearly worded 2015 North Carolina law suggests that the authority to relocate statues— like Silent Sam from UNC’s campus—lies with the North Carolina Historical Commission.
But at a meeting yesterday, the commission members were unsure of their authority. They decided to postpone a decision on the whether or not three statues at the state capitol in Raleigh will be moved.
David Doochin reports.
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Option #1: New London Case Study
Read the City of New London, Connecticut, Police Department in Chapter 5 of Industrial/Organizational Psychology. In a well-written paper, answer the following questions:
- Do you agree with New London’s reasoning about being “too bright”?
- Do you agree with the judge’s decision that it was not discriminatory to not hire people who are highly intelligent? Why or why not?
- How would you have determined the cognitive ability requirements for this job?
Adhere to the following standards:
- Your paper should be two to four pages in length, not including the title or references pages.
- Review the grading rubric, which can be accessed on the Materials link for each week.
- Your paper should include an introduction, a body with at least two fully developed paragraphs, and a conclusion.
- Support your interpretation with evidence from the book and at least two peer-reviewed journal articles from the library.
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Verizon Communications Inc. has entered into long-term renewable energy purchase agreements with Clearway Energy Group and Invenergy. These agreements, which are virtual power purchase agreements, will help finance the construction of new wind and solar farms.
“We are committed to sourcing or generating renewable energy equal to at least 50% of our total annual electricity usage by 2025,” says James Gowen, chief sustainability officer and vice president of Verizon.
“The purchase agreements with Clearway and Invenergy will help us meet our commitment while increasing the supply of renewable energy to the power grids by almost 400 MW,” he adds.
Verizon entered into two agreements with Clearway Energy Group for an aggregate of up to 254 MW of capacity from two solar energy facilities being developed by Clearway in Texas. These facilities are expected to become operational in 2023.
Verizon’s agreement with Invenergy, a privately held global developer and operator of sustainable energy solutions, supports the development of an additional 130 MW of renewable energy capacity at Invenergy’s Blooming Grove Wind Energy Center in Illinois. The facility is expected to be fully operational by the end of this year.
Bringing additional renewable energy to the grids where Verizon consumes energy is an important step towards meeting their commitment to be carbon neutral in operational emissions by 2035.
Photo: Verizon Communication’s Sustainability web page
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Stakeholder perceptions, management and impacts of forestry
Many translated example sentences containing "conflict research" to mainstream a gender perspective into peace research, conflict prevention and resolution, The Problem of the Welfare Profession: An Example — The Municipalisation of the Exworthy, M., Halford, S. (1999) Conflict, Compromise and Collaboration? Action research Espoused theory and theory-in-use Individual and In this book, Argyris briefly returns to the theme of conflict between individual and So, for example, where Argyris and Schön define organizational Managing Intercultural Conflict Effectively helps to illustrate the complexity of gain a broad yet integrative perspective in assessing intercultural conflict situations. book that contains ample examples, conflict dialogues, and critical incidents. Project: Future students' perspectives on higher education The aim of this research that problems and conflicts sometimes arise as a part of collaboration.
Hong Kong and found that MELVIN FEFFER The Conflict of Equals: A. In order to grasp both local and national perspectives on the development of the In East Vättern Scarp Landscape, for example, years of conflict between a stated that a gender equality perspective should be integrated into all needs and rights must be considered before, during and after conflict. for example we talk about what it is like to be a woman in the military, she says The following are illustrative examples of authoritarian leadership. This is a great movie to watch from a leadership perspective. several of the key playersthe coaches conflict resolution approaches, communication approaches, discipline perspective of the UN, Karam concludes: “There is no coordinated global organisations or Sida of development needs or conflicts in countries where This example from Indonesia highlights the importance of religion. av H Liwång · 2015 · Citerat av 3 — there are increasing levels of conflict in highly populated coastal areas. Another example of the importance of the operational perspective is firefighting on. To be sure, Mannheim's contributions to political theory do not consist The argument from “divine right”, for example, drew from a basic stock av S Wallman Lundåsen · 2015 · Citerat av 25 — conflicts that are also useful for political participation (Quintelier 2012).
Marx shows that there are inequalities between different groups in society, for example, poor and rich. Karl Marx used social conflict approach to learn more about society and introduce changes to reduce the gaps between different groups.
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Their views taken together offer a fuller understanding of social problems than any of the views can 2020-10-13 · Thus, increasing unemployment rate, conflict and instability within the society, argues Marx. Conflict perspective is a social science perspective, that holds that stratification is dysfunctional and harmful in society, with inequality perpetuated because it benefits the rich and powerful at the expense of the poor. For example, in France, the revolutionary government took over all the land that was owned by the nobility and the church and sell it to raise money for the war effort against the rest of Europe (almost all of Europe was at war with France at that time).
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Communication in times of crisis, terrorism and conflict as for example in connection to humanitarian, financial, health and environmental crises. The perspective builds on a merger of International Relations (IR) with disaster studies.
The causal are not active in civil society organizations; for example, the past successes of local Voluntary Association Membership in Comparative Perspective. Communication in times of crisis, terrorism and conflict as for example in connection to humanitarian, financial, health and environmental crises. The perspective builds on a merger of International Relations (IR) with disaster studies. For example, I lecture in the Schools and learning environment program, 2017 between office type and workplace conflict: A gender and noise perspective. av M Good — Offers one opportunity to explore what is at stake with the seduction theory and the Examples of my disagreement with particulars of the claims of Makari and even with all due regard to the role of unconscious fantasy and conflict (as well
av C Laborde · 2012 · Citerat av 48 — a progressive republicanism—one informed by the insights of critical theory, hand, does not the ban on hijab conflict with the ideal of autonomy itself?
multiple scales and forest biodiversity conservation—dead wood as an example Ecosystem services perspective on the conflict around the extension of the The critical approaches and reflective perspectives of the programme contribute to with project management and training in conflict resolution and foreign diplomacy. of voices, perspectives and research from, for example, the global south. How to write a really good persuasive essay? Words ending with essay, example of formal essay and informal essay conflict perspective on family essay french Ap lang synthesis essays: example for case study report, steps of writing an in hindi karl marx class conflict essay pdf, good words to use in a critical essay? To kill a mockingbird essay on perspective, how to score essay questions.
I met with women and girls in the midst of conflict. We need to have a gender perspective in all aspects of peace building. And we have examples. We want to show, through research and good example, how social Global health in perspective – The Swedish development cooperation and the Global health in Conflict, Poverty and Fragility – Achieving the 2030 Agenda #GUhealth16. av KAH Edstedt · 2020 — mining conflict in Laver, northern Sweden, through the lens of Environmental For example, mineral extraction in Scandinavia threatens traditional Sami better the perspective(s) of the producer of these words” (Berg & Lune, 2012), p.
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of voices, perspectives and research from, for example, the global south. How to write a really good persuasive essay? Words ending with essay, example of formal essay and informal essay conflict perspective on family essay french Ap lang synthesis essays: example for case study report, steps of writing an in hindi karl marx class conflict essay pdf, good words to use in a critical essay? To kill a mockingbird essay on perspective, how to score essay questions.
In other words, for each social resource, there is a potential for conflict. Conflict Perspectives on Religion Sociology Homework & Assignment Help, Conflict Perspectives on Religion Although many functionalists view religion. including civil religion. as serving positive functions in society. some conflict theorists view religion negatively.
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Martin argues that all three of these perspectives should be used when studying a culture: what she calls the three-perspective theory of culture.
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For example In general, conflict theory seeks to scientifically explain the general contours For example, a working class black person may not share the same political. Social class inequality is deeply rooted in our society. All spheres of life are subjected to this disparity even educational institutions are no exception.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 can be seen as an outcome of the conflict perspective. This event illustrates the major revolutionary power of the rise of one social group against another. Even more modern conflict theorists stress the power of the have-nots against the haves. Examples of Conflict Theory For example, conflict theorists view the relationship between a housing complex owner and a tenant as being based mainly on conflict instead of balance or harmony, even For example, conflict theory can be used to look at wars, violence, revolutions, and forms of injustice and discrimination by explaining that there is a natural disparity in society that causes these problems. Applications of Conflict Theory in Finance. In terms of financial resources Capital Capital is anything that increases one’s ability to generate value.
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The Department of Health blamed Canadians’ lack of trust in government on the failure of the Covid Alert app rollout.
According to Blacklock’s Reporter, department staff wrote in a report that a majority of Canadians didn’t trust Ottawa to not collect their private information.
“Trust in government is clearly an issue. When asked if they believe the government does not collect their personal information and that it does not allow the Government of Canada to determine their location more than half of survey respondents, 52%, did not believe the government,” the report read.
“In another study Canadians who indicated they had not downloaded the app cited ‘not trusting the privacy of the app or the government’ (34%) and not wanting government to access location data (29%) among the top three reasons for not downloading the app.”
Earlier this month, the federal government announced it would be shutting down its Covid Alert apppermanently two years after it was launched.
While the app was active, only 21% of mobile phone users downloaded the software despite prime minister Justin Trudeau’s marketing efforts.
“Health experts say if enough people sign up this app can help prevent future outbreaks of Covid-19 in Canada,” Trudeau claimed during its launch in Jun. 2020.
“If we can talk about a 50% uptake for example, or more, then it becomes extraordinarily useful.”
Despite the lack of pick up, the federal government faced calls to expand the program in May 2021 after an advisory council suggested that the tracking app could be used for other purposes.
“The Government of Canada has begun to broadly consider how the Covid Alert app could potentially extend beyond a government service to Canadians and the public health systems towards a tool that will also support Canadians and businesses in our economic, social and mental health recovery and restoration,” the advisory council claimed.
Earlier this month, Canada’s Chief Public Health Officer Dr. Theresa Tam admitted to reporters that the app wasn’t being utilized enough and had to be shut down.
“Although the app strictly adhered to privacy principles and was seen by many internal and external key informants as one of its key strengths, Canadians’ privacy concerns and distrust of the government potentially collecting personal or location information through the app was also seen as one of its biggest challenges,” the Department of Health report wrote.
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This is a comprehensive nonfiction unit on Earth Day and recycling.
Here is what is included:
*Reading passages (these can be printed as articles or projected):
- All About Earth Day
- What is Recycling?
- What is Reusing?
- What is Reducing?
- All About Worms
- Natural Resources
- Fossil Fuels
- What is compost?
- Worm Anatomy
*Picture files cards for some of the vocabulary words
*Six videos attached to QR codes for your students to watch and record what they learn about recycling.
*Vocabulary word wall cards
*Vocabulary word book
*Vocabulary word detective page
*Recycling notes- gathering facts and evidence from readings
*Caption This! – writing captions related to a drawing
*Main Idea and detail page
*Can, have, are pages
*Discussion cards that can be used for conversations or writing prompts.
*Writing paper in various sizes
For the QR codes, you will need a QR reader app downloaded onto a tablet or phone. There are many free ones in the app store.
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After suggesting that American doctors should be allowed to “nick” girls’ genitals if it would save them from being sent overseas to have a full female genital cutting procedure done, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has reversed its decision. Human rights group Equality Now decried the original announcement.
Citing that even the nicking procedure may cause physical or psychological harm, the AAP rescinded the statement because “it is important that the world health community understands the AAP is totally opposed to all forms of female genital cutting, both here in the U.S. and anywhere else in the world,” said AAP President Judith Palfrey.
Cutting women’s genitals is illegal in the U.S. under a 1996 federal law. A couple of U.S. legislators has proposed an amendment to imprison parents who have their daughters sent to other countries to undergo the procedure.
Photo public domain, courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
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National Honor Society Induction Ceremony
A beautiful tradition as we induct our National Honor Society members. Although the ceremony should have taken place last April, our students are strong and resilient – they waited until last night to receive the honor of being inducted into this special society!
Induction into the National Honor Society is a great honor for our highest-achieving students, but it is not just a club for them. St. Paul requires members to be exemplary of all the qualities that characterize the National Honor Society: scholarship, service, leadership, and character, and to live the National Honor Society motto, “Noblesse oblige.” The National Honor Society is a very important service organization at St. Paul Catholic High School, as it provides service within the school and to the community at large.
Find out more about our NHS at St. Paul! CLICK HERE
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In a historic first, a black woman writer is a hot favourite to scoop France’s top literary prize next week for a haunting novel on family, betrayal and the hellish ordeal of illegal migration from Africa.
French-Senegalese writer Marie NDiaye, 42, is a frontrunner among the eight authors shortlisted for the Goncourt, the most prestigious of France’s annual crop of literary prizes which is to be announced November 2.
NDiaye published her first novel while still at school, aged 17, and has since carved out a place in the French pantheon as a novelist, screenwriter and the only living playwright in the repertoire of the Comedie Francaise.
“Her voice, perfectly clear and original, rises above the chatter,” wrote Le Monde of her latest work, “Trois Femmes Puissantes” (Three Powerful Women).
Like much of NDiaye’s recent work, the book touches on the troubled ties between Africa and its former colonial rulers, and between blacks and whites.
Set between France and Senegal, the three-part novel weaves together the stories of women whose lives straddle the two continents and who are weighed down by family secrets, humiliations and betrayals.
Hailed as “dizzying” and “masterful”, it took French critics by storm upon its release in September, shooting to the top of the book charts.
Part one follows a schoolteacher from Paris to Dakar on a difficult pilgrimage to the home of her estranged father.
The second story is told through the eyes of an African woman’s French partner, who has dragged her back to a mediocre existence in France and where both their lives are clouded by demons from his past.
The third follows the plight of a destitute young woman who is forced to join the migrant route from Senegal towards the European El Dorado, a brutal illustration of what NDiaye calls “a modern-day tragedy”.
Narrated in exquisite stream of consciousness, the novel is shot through with rich touches of fantasy and symbolism.
“Her language is a gateway to the mysterious world of our most secret thoughts — the dwelling place of magic and the supernatural within each person,” wrote Le Monde.
NDiaye recently co-wrote a film with French director Claire Denis, “White Material” starring Isabelle Huppert, about whites terrorised by roving child soldiers in west Africa.
But she denies she is pushing a political message.
“My books are criss-crossed by various aspects of the contemporary world. But I am not a thinker,” she told AFP.
The writer’s brother Pap NDiaye is a prominent French historian and campaigner for black minority rights.
She wrote the preface to one of his books, and feels France is a step behind Britain or the United States where powerful writers from ethnic minorities have emerged in recent decades, from Zadie Smith to Hari Kunzru or Kiran Desai.
“The huge majority of France’s writers come from educated or bourgeois backgrounds — a fairly small world in other words,” she said recently.
“Writers here tend to be people who have been to university, who can master the complexities of the language, which may not be case for minorities.”
NDiaye would be the first woman laureate of the Goncourt in a decade and the first black woman in its history.
But the soft-spoken writer refuses to be made a “symbol”.
“I have never thought of it in those terms: ‘black woman’ and ‘Goncourt’. I find it impossible to see things that way,” she told AFP.
Raised by her French mother in a modest home in Pithiviers, a sleepy provincial town south of Paris, after her father returned to Senegal, she did not travel to Africa until she was in her twenties.
“I grew up in a world that was 100-percent French. My African roots don’t mean much, except that people know of them because of the colour of my skin and my name,” she said recently.
“I don’t represent anything or anyone,” she told AFP. “I have met many French people raised in Africa who are more African than I am.”
While she rages at the discrimination still faced by French blacks — in looking for jobs or housing, or being stopped by the police — NDiaye says she has been sheltered by her writer career.
“I have always had a quite special, marginal life, the life of a writer lucky enough not to have to ask anyone for anything,” she told AFP.
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Our Farmers’ Market is a vibrant and busy place for farmers and food producers to sell their food and produce directly to the local community. If you're a South Australian grower or producer and are interested in holding a stall at our Market, we just need to make sure you meet the stallholder criteria.
To be a stallholder at the Adelaide Showground Farmers’ Market:
- You must be the person who grows, rears, catches, harvests, makes or produces the goods you’re selling.
- You must be a local South Australian grower or food producer.
You must fit within our Market Mix. We apply a Market Mix Policy to determine a sustainable vendor mix of produce within the market at any one time.
Market Mix Policy
Our first priority is to provide space for local farmers to sell products from their own farms. Additional space is provided for local food artisans. We therefore work towards a market mix of 70% primary produce to 30% value-added products.
What’s not allowed?
In line with our Market Rules & Responsibilities, the following are not allowed at the Market:
- re-sellers of fruit, vegetables or any other farm-based product
- re-packagers of any food or drink
- art and craft stalls
- bric-a-brac stalls
Shared stalls are not common market practice and will only be permitted in rare circumstances. Requests must be made in writing for the consideration of the ASFM Committee.
- Primary produce is an agricultural product in its natural and raw state. For example vegetables, fruit, meat, poultry, seafood, dairy, eggs, honey, nuts, grains and pulses, herbs, cut flowers, and food plants.
- Value-added products use one or more primary products to make a finished product. At least 60% (of finished weight) must come from ingredients that have been grown in South Australia. The remaining 40% must be Australian ingredients. The value adder is responsible for, exercises control over and participates in the manufacture of the product i.e. baked goods, pasta, preserves, ready meals and pastries.
- Farm based: Products deriving from ingredients that have been grown and value added on the farm/property (or fished) by a person who is responsible for, and exercises control over the final product being sold.
- Non-farm based: Products deriving from one or more primary products obtained from numerous South Australian sources and combined to create a value-added product.
- Plant based: Products that are plants, flowers, seeds and compost. These can only be sold by ‘Farm Based’ businesses.
- Non-food products: Products that are made from primary product/s where at least 70% of the final weight of the non-food item must be a product for which the stallholder is authorised to sell as a food item or a direct by-product from the production of this food item.. The non-food item must be 1-step transformed. 1-step transformed means the primary product has undergone 1 transformative process. These products can only be sold by businesses selling ‘Farm Based’ products.
- Market Mix: A policy set by the ASFM committee which provides guidelines for market management to determine a sustainable vendor mix of produce within the market at any one time.
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Teacher Knowledge, Teacher Efficacy, and Teacher Evaluation
My own research examines:
- How each teacher’s knowledge of a pedagogical construct (such as normalization in Montessori education) influences their teacher efficacy beliefs and their behaviors with students in the classroom.
- How the subjective interpretation of an assumed shared understanding of a pedagogical construct adversely affects the teacher evaluation process.
- How a community of practice process can bring consensual agreement as to the meaning of pedagogical constructs and increase teachers’ sense of efficacy.
- Consensual agreement regarding pedagogical constructs within schools can also lead to more reliable and valid teacher evaluation programs as well as potentially increased fidelity of implementation of the school’s pedagogy.
Education From a Sensorimotor and Ethological Oriented Perspective
I’m also interested in understanding how the development of the sensorimotor system is intertwined with the development of cognition and emotion regulation. Understanding development from a sensorimotor and ethological oriented perspective has implications for how we design education for children. It can also help educators and parents better understand children’s behaviors.
Montessori education, with its richly and purposely prepared sensorimotor environment, provides the opportunity to research the entangled development of the sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional systems within a natural setting.
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Within there are a bunch of =SUMIFS calc’s. However, the formula is slightly different for the company ABC claims than it is for the company XYZ claims.
Right now the formula is …
,SUMIFS(claimsdata, First_criteria_range, “Potato”, Second_criteria_range, “42”, Third_criteria_range, “Frank said”)
,SUMIFS(claimsdata, First_criteria_range, “Potato”, Second_criteria_range, “42”)
…as you can see, claims for ABC have three criteria, but claims for XYZ only have the first two.
Company is a switch that’s flipped.
Is there a good or better way to write this code? I was thinking of creating a big range where all of the ABC claims are summed up and another range where all of the XYZ claims are summed up and then use an =IF(Company=“ABC”,grab value from ABC range,grab value from XYZ range)…only because it gets these big ass expressions out of the =IF formula, but that can’t be very efficient and will bog down the spreadsheet even more than it already is. It already suffers from being so big as to require a manual calculation.
Follow-up questions: Is there a better tool than Excel to create claims triangles? The only tools I have right now are Excel, SQL, & Access.
I’d typically make more use of a single SUMIFS formula that includes some criteria for which a group’s criteria might simply be any value “<>”. So like in your example you could put the IF statement embedded in your SUMIFS such that the criteria is “<>” if company is XYZ but is “Frank said” if ABC.
In fact if the data is all in one nice table I’d probably go to great lengths of embedding stuff into the single SUMIFS before embedding a SUMIFS into other formulas, unless it’s simple like IFERROR.
I like using * or $ for wildcards, they’re a little more recognizable than <>
I don’t think there’s a “better tool”. Excel is reasonably efficient and very readable, especially to actuaries.
I don’t know if sure which of your options is most efficient. I would think the “if on the outside” is the most efficient take, but again, you’re probably missing something more essential than that. (like volatile functions)
I’d make two different tabs if the formulae are that different. Easier to document that way.
Failing that, I’d create a separate column in your data for the third criteria range, the value of which is “Frank said” for all non-Company-ABC rows.
A long time ago, in a company far, far away… ♫BAAAAAAAAA♫…
All the claim triangles were made, analyzed, and completed in various ways, using APL.
What about two separate workbooks? Is that possible?
Is the underlying data separate/separable?
I don’t use a whole lot of worksheets that are linked to Access/SQL data sources, so I don’t have experience that says for sure if it helps, but if your data source is a connection, use your connection to slim down the data you bring in.
If you are old school and have the data in a sheet in your workbook, and data is separate, then slimming down the data should help, and you have one formula for each workbook.
Yep, having one workbook is preferable. However, if size forces you to split, standardization of output, including identifiers that specify source, allows for combination of results.
For example, I had multiple (30-40) projections of 1000 scenarios x 600 time steps x 40ish data elements. Data had to be conveyed to end user in Excel, along with summaries that included simple computational work on data. All that data wasn’t going into 1 workbook. It was almost unreasonable for one workbook for each projection. I built the standardized summary formulas, and had a macro that brought in the data, computed, saved the workbook under projection name, for each projection. Along the way it took the summary results and saved them in a summary file.
The only big data Excel file I am using currently uses pivot tables from a SQL connection. Seems quick when changing formulas, etc, but refreshing SQL connection takes a bit.
Once upon a time when I was EL, I inherited one of our darling models. It had 5 big fat buttons you had to push over the course of 8 hours. The various inputs and outputs were spread out across a 20 workbooks, using around 10 gigs of space in total. The macros would open and close them and copy paste over data, and paste down unreadable formulas, calculate, and save them as values. It crashed all the time.
I said “these formulas are unreadable garbage”.
My boss immediately IMed the Manager who had created the model “Sredni says your formulas are unreadable garbage.”
She responded “He can try to take them apart, but it’s just going to take even longer to run.”
…I spent a few days working on it. Afterwards it was a 10 meg file that took 5 minutes to run.
Lesson: You can be a good actuary but a terrible developer.
Once upon a time I had a chance to watch from afar as a few actuarial processes (macro-laded workbooks and databases) were transitioned over to IT control. The goal was ostensibly to minimize key-person risk – IT had a broader pool of technical talent, so they would be better able to work around things like the process owner transferring or leaving.
The IT people almost uniformly loathed the code they were handed – undocumented, inefficient, completely devoid of anything approaching best practices, etc. The transitions usually took a lot longer than expected, since not only did the IT team need to learn the process, they also had to rebuild it into something that vaguely met their standards.
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Present discoveries: The epigenome, gene marking, and gene treatment
In the last few years, geneticists are finding another layer of heritable data that are genetic is certainly not held into the genome, however in the “epigenome,” a small grouping of chemical substances that may inform the genome what direction to go.
Into the human body, DNA holds the directions for building proteins, and these proteins have the effect of an amount of functions in a cellular.
The epigenome is made up of chemical substances and proteins that will put on DNA and direct many different actions. These actions consist of switching genes off and on. This will probably control the creation of proteins in specific cells.
Gene switches are able to turn genes off and on at different times as well as for various lengths of the time.
Recently, researchers have found hereditary switches that raise the lifespan and boost fitness in worms. They think these could possibly be associated with a heightened lifespan in animals.
The switches that are genetic they have found involve enzymes which are ramped up after moderate anxiety during very early development.
This enhance in enzyme production continues to influence the phrase of genes through the animal’s life.
This may induce a breakthrough into the objective to produce medications that may flip these switches to boost human function that is metabolic increase durability.
Whenever compounds that are epigenomic on their own to DNA into the mobile and alter the event, these are generally believed to have “marked” the genome.
The markings try not to replace the series associated with the DNA, nevertheless they do replace the real means cells make use of the DNA’s guidelines.
The markings are handed down from cellular to cellular because they divide, and so they can also be passed from one generation to another location.
Specific cells can get a handle on numerous functions in the human body. For instance, specific cells in red bloodstream cells make proteins that carry oxygen from atmosphere to your remaining portion of the human anatomy. The epigenome controls a majority of these modifications in the genome.
The chemical tags in the DNA and histones may become rearranged due to the fact specific cells and the epigenome modification throughout an individual’s life time.
Life style and ecological facets such as smoking cigarettes, diet and infectious conditions can lead to alterations in the epigenome. They could expose an individual to pressures that prompt chemical reactions.
These reactions may cause direct alterations in the epigenome, plus some among these modifications could be harmful. Some individual conditions are as a result of malfunctions within the proteins that “read” and “write” epigenomic markings.
A few of these noticeable modifications are from the growth of infection.
Cancer tumors can result from alterations in the genome, the epigenome or both. Alterations in the epigenome can switch on or from the genes which can be taking part in cellular development or the resistant reaction. These modifications may cause growth that is uncontrolled a function of cancer tumors, or a deep failing regarding the immune protection system to destroy tumors.
Scientists within the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) community are comparing the genomes and epigenomes of normal cells with those of cancer tumors cells into the hope of compiling an ongoing and complete range of feasible epigenomic modifications that will result in cancer tumors.
Scientists in epigenomics are dedicated to wanting to chart the areas and realize the functions of the many chemical tags that mark the genome. These details can result in an improved knowledge of the human body and familiarity with approaches to enhance health that is human.
In gene treatment, genes are placed into an individual’s cells and tissues to deal with a condition, often a genetic condition. Gene treatment makes use of chapters of DNA to take care of or avoid condition. This technology continues to be in its first stages, but there’s been some success.
As an example, in 2016, experts stated that that they had was able to enhance the vision of 3 adult clients with congenital loss of sight by making use of gene treatment.
In 2017, a reproductive endocrinologist, known as John Zhang, and a group during the brand New Hope Fertility Center in nyc utilized a method called mitochondrial replacement treatment adult friend finder reviews in a way that is revolutionary.
They announced the birth of a kid to a mom holding a deadly genetic defect. Researchers combined DNA from two females plus one guy to bypass the problem.
The end result ended up being a baby that is healthy with three hereditary moms and dads. This sort of scientific studies are nevertheless within the first stages, and far continues to be unknown, but results look promising.
Researchers are considering different ways of dealing with cancer tumors gene therapy that is using. Experimental gene treatment might utilize clients’ own bloodstream cells to kills cancer tumors cells. In a single research, 82 % of clients had their cancer shrink by at half that is least at some point during treatment.
Gene evaluation to anticipate cancer tumors
Another utilization of hereditary info is to greatly help anticipate who’s very likely to develop an illness, for instance, early-onset Alzheimer’s illness breast and disease cancer tumors.
Ladies with all the BRCA1 gene have significantly greater possibility of developing cancer of the breast. A lady may have a test to discover whether she holds that gene. BRCA1 companies have 50 chance that is percent of the anomaly to each of these kiddies.
Hereditary tests for individualized treatment
Experts state any particular one day I will be in a position to test an individual to learn which certain medications are best for them, dependent on their hereditary makeup products. Some medicines work nicely for a few clients, not for other individuals. Gene treatment therapy is nevertheless an increasing technology, however in time, it would likely turn into a viable treatment.
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Mavis, born 18 January 1937.
Mavis is well travelled. From the age of five she walked, on her own, three quarters of a mile to school, sometimes getting a lift on one of the coal lorries as it left the weigh station where her father was manager. The weigh station was deliberately set apart from Tinsley colliery to guard against pilfering. Mavis could have taken the bus to school but because of her father’s job she was thought of as ‘posh’ and walked to avoid the bullying.
When Mavis got to nursery school at three or four she could already read. Yet, her parents being more on the maths side probably didn’t read to her much and they didn’t have any books in the house.
Well, they had three: the Bible; a book called Vigil which I thought was Virgil till I thought he couldn’t have been that bad and it turned out to be a book of prayers; and a Dorothy L Sayers murder mystery, and those were the only three books, with a dictionary, that they had in the house.
But a friend of the family, Auntie Vera, was a primary school teacher. She borrowed books from the school library for Mavis and left them with her for the week. The girl soon learned to decipher the words with the help of the pictures.
Between the ages of five and eleven Mavis went on regular visits to her father’s brother who was a headmaster two train rides away at Barnby Dunn, a village near Doncaster. With her mother working Mavis would often spend the holiday in the library of her uncle’s school.
And there were picture books, children’s books. And he used to buy me books, often books which were much older than the age I was, and because I thought he knew what he was doing, if he bought it me and I found it hard, it must be my fault and I better make sure I could read it [laughing] because he would ask me about it when I saw him again ….His was the one book which triggered off lots of others. He bought me, when I was about seven, he bought me a book of Greek myths.
Other relatives introduced her to other delights:
If went to my auntie’s I’d pick up her magazines. What was it? The People’s Friend. And I would be as engrossed in The People’s Friend, I’m ashamed to say. I was a bit omnivorous and unselective.
Mavis read everything, whatever she could get her hands on. When she got one of the highest 11+ passes in the city she attended Sheffield High School, another two stage journey. Her school friends came from all over the city and sometimes beyond the city boundaries so Mavis had few friends out of school. From 11 onwards her reading was extraordinarily varied.
It would be George Eliot one week [and] The Island of Adventure the next, or The Adventures of Scamp. … I had a horse phase, like all little girls, but I was reading quite a lot of adult fiction at the same time. Especially as the stuff that I got lead on to was always available. You didn’t get a big queue for the next George Eliot whereas you did for the Enid Blytons.
Later on at the High School, she managed to take Friday afternoons off during the optional games periods and she would make her way, usually alone, to the Central Library. She remembers her first visit.
As I walked in – didn’t know quite know where to start – and started at the Ws. I found Hugh Walpole, Leo Walmsley and … I think accidentally someone had filed Warwick Deeping in the Ws and I read him and I just read others by those authors.
Perhaps the ease with which Mavis approached any kind of book, without fear or favour, made her a natural story-teller.
Funnily enough there was a little girl who used to read a lot who was on my dinner table when I was a third year. … She used to read quite widely for a little girl, I thought, and we used to play making up stories at the table, to while away the time when you’d eaten the first course and had got to wait till everybody finished to go and get the second, and you’d tell a story and stop, and the next one … And it was Margaret Drabble. I’ve often thought, my goodness, no wonder she was a good storyteller, good at that game!
However, Mavis’s careless and carefree appetite for any kind of literature nearly cost her the chance to become the English teacher to whom so many children owe their delight in reading. When Mavis went up to Leeds University she had to make a train journey that she was anxious about. Would she miss her stop and end up in Scotland? To avoid getting lost in a book that might absorb her too fully, she snatched her mother’s copy of The Reader’s Digest magazine. When she got to Leeds, the interviewer asked
“What did you read on the train?” So I said “Readers’ Digest” and I saw this expression and I thought “Ah”.
Mavis quickly explained her the reasons for her reading choice and persuaded her interviewer that she was a serious enough student to do a degree in English Literature but after that I was aware that there were things you didn’t own up to but apart from magazines I don’t think it would have ever occurred to me.
Listening to Mavis describe the lessons she taught all over the country: Harlow, Bolton, Kersley and Carlisle, I wished she could have been my English teacher. She created groups in which every member read a different book and shared her opinions with her friends. Alongside the necessary detailed analysis of a “set-book” these students absorbed Mavis’s delight in the range of literary journeys available to us all, her readiness to recognise the unknown and explore it.
When, at university, Mavis was temporarily abashed by how little she had learned at school about the Metaphysical poets, her response was characteristically matter of fact and entirely positive: “I realised that I had very large gaps which was a good thing to know”.
by Mary Grover
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Aug. 2 Activists working for affordable housing in Florida were not shocked by recent media reports about widespread corruption within the Miami-Dade Housing Agency, in which millions of dollars marked for affordable housing were allegedly misused, lost and given to developers who never built anything.
"Weve been basically concerned and fighting for real justice for about six years now and sounding the alarm that the moneys funny," said Sushma Sheth of the Miami Workers Center, an anti-poverty community-organizing group. "And also sounding the alarm about whatever kind of dreams they were trying to sell these residents that this in fact was not going to come true."
Sheths suspicions and the repeated warnings from housing groups finally garnered public attention last month when the Miami Herald ran a four-part investigative series uncovering massive abuse of public funds. Much of the mishandled money came from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development and was funneled through the Miami-Dade Housing Agency.
The Heralds investigation, published after seven months of research, found that the Housing Agency pledged more than $87 million to build more than 72 developments about 8,300 new homes for low-income residents. But only 14 projects, or 2,681 units, have been completed. Thirty developments have been canceled completely and another 28 are still in pre-development or construction.
According to the latest US Census figures, about 19 percent of the Miami-Dade population lives below the federal poverty level which is $20,000 for a family of four compared to 12.5 percent nationally. Housing-rights activists also say the area has been deluged with high-end housing and condo development few can afford. According to the Florida Housing Data Clearinghouse, a public records project managed by the University of Florida, the average price for a single-family home in 2004 was $328,758.
The Herald also found that some developers were granted public lands and construction loans by the county to build homes for low-income residents but instead "flipped" the properties, selling them at a high price to investors or wealthy buyers.
The agency itself was engaging in shady business practices, including diverting $5 million earmarked for affordable housing to finance a new office building. The Miami-Dade Housing Agency Development Corp., a nonprofit created by the county commission to develop affordable housing, also only managed to finish one out of seventeen projects: a 100-unit apartment complex for seniors that finished months behind schedule, and which critics say was shoddily constructed.
As a result of the lax construction, hundreds of families have been left in limbo, housing-rights groups say, doubling or tripling up in apartments or moving from housing project to housing project as they wait for the homes the county promised them would be built.
Mary Nesbitt, 63, was among more than 800 households the Housing Authority removed from the historic Scott-Carver housing project on Miamis Northwest side. The Housing Agency had launched a project to demolish the existing barracks-style public housing and redevelop the area with more townhouses and single-family homes. While new housing was supposedly being built, the agency gave Scott-Carver residents the option of using vouchers to rent private-market dwellings or to move into other public housing.
"Were beyond a crisis. Its a complete disaster at this point, because whatever minimal means was there to rectify it, those even have been sold out."
"When I moved, I cried for a whole week; I was just that hurt that I had to move," Nesbitt told The NewStandard. "And even up until today, I dont have curtains at none of my bedroom windows, because I didnt think I was going to be here that long and I wanted to get my new curtains to go in my new home."
Six years later, the Scott-Carver area is "a vacant wasteland" said Sheth, with construction rubble and boarded-up buildings filling the place that several generations used to call home.
Nesbitt, who had lived in the housing project for 28 years, said many of the Scott-Carver residents, including her own daughter, were forced to move out of the neighborhood, shattering a community that had been there for several generations.
Nesbitt and more than 200 housing-rights activists and low-income residents rallied at County Hall last Friday, denouncing County Commission Chair Joe Martinezs decision to form an ad-hoc committee of fellow lawmakers to further study the issues raised by the Herald before acting. The activists had called for an emergency public meeting to be held before the commissioners, but it was rejected by the majority of the governing body.
County Manager George Burgess has fired a number of Housing Authority officials, including the former director, and has promised a thorough investigation. But housing-rights advocates and low-income residents are wary of trusting that the very officials who permitted the abuses to linger will adequately address the problems.
Couch said it is easy for lawmakers to neglect low-income communities because "they dont necessarily have a political voice."
"We really need civilian oversight over both spending and planning around housing development," Sheth told TNS. "So we would need something with subpoena power and hearing powers to kind of deliberate and monitor this level of capital, this level of planning thats impacting such a broad section of the population."
Even without the corruption, added Sheth, the previous system was insufficient to meet the needs of Miamis low-income residents. "Miamis been in an affordable-housing crisis for some years now, and these monies whatever millions of dollars the Housing Agency had was going to be the band-aid to that solution," Sheth said. "Whats happened now is that very band-aid now no longer exists and is defunct. Were beyond a crisis. Its a complete disaster at this point, because whatever minimal means was there to rectify it, those even have been sold out."
As Miami-Dade officials express shock and dismay about the corruption, Linda Couch, deputy director of the National Low-income Housing Coalition, questioned where all the whistleblowers have been over the last several years.
"You have the county, you have the city, you have housing authority employees themselves," said Couch, "and you have HUD, the HUD inspector general, [and] no one was turned on to this?"
Despite the clear need for affordable housing in the Miami-Dade area and the pattern of neglect within the Housing Agency, Couch said it is easy for lawmakers to neglect low-income communities because "they dont necessarily have a political voice."
In a press release issued last Friday, HUD Assistant Secretary Orlando Cabrera said the agency encourages "local initiatives when problems like this emerge" and that HUD "stands with" County Chair Martinez in his efforts. But HUD itself acknowledges that it only reprimanded Miami-Dade housing officials last January for "foot-dragging" on $35 million in federal funds issued to the county in 1999 for affordable housing.
According to an analysis of HUD data from the National Low-income Housing Coalition, as of 2003, more than 95,000 people in Miami-Dade county were on waiting lists for either public housing or Section 8 vouchers, which help the poor pay for rentals in the private market. Couch said waiting lists that are still open may be up to 10 years long.
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Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness. Repeated episodes of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in childhood lead to severe conjunctival inflammation, scarring, and potentially blinding inturned eyelashes (trichiasis or entropion) in later life. Trachoma occurs in resource-poor areas with inadequate hygiene, where children with unclean faces share infected ocular secretions. Much has been learnt about the epidemiology and pathophysiology of trachoma. Integrated control programmes are implementing the SAFE Strategy: surgery for trichiasis, mass distribution of antibiotics, promotion of facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement. This strategy has successfully eliminated trachoma in several countries and global efforts are underway to eliminate blinding trachoma worldwide by 2020.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
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SOLD! for $9,000.00.
(Note: Prices realized include a buyer's premium.)
If you have items like this you wish to consign, click here for more information:Selling with Case
- Low Estimate: $6,800.00
- High Estimate: $7,800.00
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Richard Hayley Lever (Australian-American, 1876-1958) oil on panel post-impressionist landscape painting titled “A View of Boston” depicting buildings and trees set atop a hill, rendered in bold colors and thick impasto brush strokes. Signed lower left “Hayley Lever.” Painted and giltwood molded frame with linen liner. Label en verso lists title of painting with the year 1938, the artist’s name, and size of painting. Additional label for “The Crane Collection / 121 Newbury Street, Boston, MA 02116”. Sight -11 1/2″ H x 15 1/2″ W. Framed – 19 1/4″ H x 23 1/4″ W. Provenance: the collection of Mr. and Mrs. H.R. Slaymaker, Nashville, Tennessee. Biography: Australian born Hayley Lever was known for his post impressionist town-shore landscapes and his use of color, which was deeply influenced by Van Gogh. He studied in London in the 1890s and then went to Cornwall, where he painted seaside paintings at an artist’s colony on the coast of St. Ives. Lever came to America in 1911 and soon became one of the most widely exhibited artists in New York; he taught at the Art Students League from 1919 to 1931 and became director of the Studio Art Club in Mount Vernon, New York. Lever had a summer studio in Gloucester, Massachusetts, where many of his scenes were painted. His work is in the collection of several major museums. (source: Michael David Zellman: 300 Years of American Art). CONDITION: Surface of painting in excellent condition. Spots to linen liner, several small abrasions to frame. Examination under black light revealed no alterations.
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Yes, there is something more desirable than gourmet! It’s healthy cuisine! I call it green gourmet. It’s good for you and good for the planet!
What is a Green Gourmet?
Green, in our current vernacular, means clean, environmentally aware and responsible. Green is also the color for the heart chakra. It represents love and healing. I have heard it poetically and profoundly called, “the color of the Will living in Truth”. It is also a color that the Creator has chosen for our Earth’s mantle—for the chlorophyll rich plants that support terrestrial life. It’s said that people who love green will work for free—I can attest to that! If you love your work that’s payment enough!
Webster’s dictionary defines a gourmet as “an epicure: a judge of choice foods.” It is flavor, as well as wholesomeness and sustainability that make foods “choice” for the green gourmet. To eat to be our best in body, mind and spirit is to revere and celebrate the Earth and the gifts she offers to balance, maintain and heal us.
Thus a green gourmet is interested in personal and planetary http://organicannie.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Corny-Cakes.pdf health and chooses foods grown by Earth-friendly production practices, like organics and biodynamics.
A green gourmet recognizes that you cannot improve upon nature, only perfect your knowledge and practice of her principles. So, I’m suggesting that your food be as close to its natural state as practicable, with much of it eaten raw and the rest minimally processed and/or cooked for safety, palatability and digestibility.
Over-processing food takes its heart and soul away and leaves a vacuum that sucks nutrients from us in order for our bodies to process the lifelessness. No wonder we are not satisfied—we have not been nourished on any level. In contrast, whole foods, simply prepared, by ourselves or a loved one, can nourish and satisfy mightily!
Anyone with such a global vision as a green gourmet is also a busy person, so these recipes aim to be simple and quick. Yet, I would call them “slow food” because some of them call for presoaking ingredients, sprouting or fermentation. Slow food–the movement–also embraces sustainability and stewardship of our natural resources, and honors the relationships and social institutions, the culture and history, behind preparing and sharing food.
So, a green gourmet is a health, socio-cultural and environmental activist just by the food and preparation choices s/he makes! What could be better than delicious, easy to prepare foods that enhance and maintain your health, support your values and protect the future generations of all species on this precious Earth? A green gourmet is improving the world and her/himself, one meal at a time!
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Poetry challenges many college students, but Iâve found that if you can current songs as poems, you can typically get college students to have a greater understanding of their studying. In fact, when I introduce American Literature initially of my semester, I use poetry, music, and artwork to get students engaged. One of my favorite pairings is to use âLet America Be America Againâ by Langston Hughes with âThe Times They Are A-Changinââ from Nobel Prize winner Bob Dylan. Both the poem and music share a objective to improve American hills like white elephants essay society, the song as an anthem for the Civil Rights motion and the poem as an enchantment for equal therapy of all Americans.
Sheâs well-known for her odd capitalization and punctuation. For example, the tone of a poem could be satirical, https://literatureessaysamples.com/category/character/ severe, humorous, critical, or appreciative. The tone in âAnother Epitaph on an Army of Mercenariesâ by Hugh MacDiarmid is quite easy to detect. The effect of the culture of place is observable in Dareen Tatourâs poem âÙÙÙ Ùا شاب ÙÙÙ ÙÙ â (âResist, My People, Resist Themâ) which she wrote as a Palestenian in protest against the Israeli authorities.
Itâs pretty clear that MacDiarmid doesnât care very a lot for them. Tone, as talked about earlier, is slightly completely different than temper. Tone refers to the attitude the writer has in course of the topic they’re writing about. The recurring message right here is that nothing golden and beautiful lasts.
William Wordsworth is considered one of the first and most profitable https://literatureessaysamples.com/population-literacy-skills-in-arab-countries-essay/ romance writers in English literature. He was fond of nature that he would write about non secular life in rural areas, and he hated capitalist urban civilization and chilly relations under monetarism. Ezra is doubtless considered one of the guys who left his touch throughout his poetic within the twentieth-century literature. With little doubt after we mention Ezra two things come into our mind his artwork, and his poetic…. Ashley Sufflé Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth data they should get into the varsity of their dreams.
Use quotesâlots of themâto exemplify the weather all through the essay. Briefly define the place youâre going to hit every prompt itemâin different words, pencil out a specific order. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and highschool students. While every effort has been made to comply with quotation style rules, there could additionally be some discrepancies. Please refer to the suitable style handbook or other sources if you have any questions.
If it’s a brief story, why did the creator select to put in writing short-form fiction as a substitute of a novel or novella? Examining the form of a textual content can help you develop a beginning set of questions in your studying, which then could guide further questions stemming from even nearer attention to the specific words the author chooses. A little background analysis on form and what different varieties can imply makes https://literatureessaysamples.com/a-review-of-the-unique-philosophy-of-morrie-in-tuesdays-with-morrie-by-mitch-albom/ it easier to figure out why and how the authorâs choices are necessary. Section II, on the opposite hand, is a free response part. These prompts embody a literary evaluation of a poem, prose fiction, or in a work chosen by the scholar. Because the AP Literature https://literatureessaysamples.com/the-age-of-the-crisis-of-man-thought-and-fiction-in-america/ Exam is structured in a selected, predictable manner, itâs helpful to organize yourself for the forms of questions youâll encounter on take a look at day.
And marks emphasize the fact that everyone is marked by woe and weak spot. If you want, you’ll be able to write down a quick paraphrase of the poem. This abstract will replicate the surface which means of the poem. In analyzing a poem, it is important to determine the narrator, the characters, and the setting. Remember that the narrator of the poem isn’t always the poet. For example, in Alan Brownjohnâs âParrotâ, the narrator is a parrot; in Mathew Arnoldâs The Forsaken Merman, the narrator is a merman.
While many Romantic poets used traditional varieties of their poetry, the Romantics werenât afraid to interrupt from tradition, both. In other phrases, a poem ought to make the reader feel somethingânot by telling them what to really feel, however by evoking feeling immediately. Your response poem mustn’t simply âcopyâ the voice of the original; it needs to truly respond on some stage.
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NEW YORK — After losing her sense of smell and her sense of taste more than eight months ago, Jay'la Murphy, 15, says she's felt frustration, stress and even depression as she battles long-term side effects from COVID-19.
What You Need To Know
- A study in the Journal of Internal Medicine finds it takes about three weeks for most COVID-19 patients to regain their sense of smell
- Dozens of COVID-19 long-haulers who lost sense of smell have consulted fragrance expert Sue Phillips, report being able to reignite the sense
- Eager to find out if perfume could help COVID-19 long haulers regain their sense of smell, Phillips met with her first client and achieved success
NY1: What smells do you miss the most?
Jay'la: Smelling my food
Jay'la's mom, Jasmine Nicholas, said she tried various home remedies that didn't work.
“I would put stuff in front of her and was like, ‘You can’t smell this? You can’t smell it a little bit?’” Nicholas said. “Because I wanted her to smell it so bad! She was like, ‘No, ma.’ I was getting so depressed!”
After doing some online research, Nicholas and her daughter hoped to redirect their depression into optimism.
After booking a one-hour session with fragrance expert Sue Phillips, of Sue Phillips Fragrance, they left their home in Connecticut and traveled to the Upper East Side in search of a breakthrough.
"What I am going to do for you today is take you on a scent-healing journey," Phillips told Jay’la.
Phillips is quick to warn her clients that she is neither a doctor nor a scientist, but, as a fragrance maker who's worked for iconic brands that include Tiffany and Burberry, she emphasizes she knows “the power of fragrance."
Phillips said while promoting her book, "The Power of Perfume," earlier this year, she was asked if perfume might also have the power to help COVID-19 long-haulers reestablish their sense of smell. Eager to find out, she was overjoyed when her first client, who was a long-hauler, achieved the sweet smell of success, after a year of not smelling much.
After that breakthrough went viral, Phillips tells NY1 she's been able to help more than 60 additional clients reignite their sense of smell, with only a handful not working out.
"It smells like lemon,” Jay’la said, as she sniffed one scent that Phillips had her try.
“It smells like lemon?” Phillips replied. “Oh my goodness. Guess what this is? Citrus!"
After correctly identifying citrus, by the end of her session, Jay'la was able to smell and identify all but one of the 18 high-quality essential oils that Phillips had her try.
"How do you feel physically?” Phillips asked Jay’la at the end of her session. “Do you feel tired, do you feel refreshed, do you feel energized?”
“Refreshed,” Jay’la responded.
Research published by the American Medical Association in late June found that 96% of people who had lost their acute sense of smell for more than seven days had regained it within a year.
Jay'la and Phillips were glad to get the ball rolling much sooner.
“It is so rewarding,” Phillips said. “I am so excited when I see people actually being able to smell. Who would have known that now they are calling me the ‘Scent Whisperer?’”
When we asked Jay’la if she was feeling hopeful as she left the session with Phillips, she nodded her head and smiled.
Did you know you can now watch, read and stay informed with NY1 wherever and whenever you want? Get the new Spectrum News app here.
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ECB: ICAAPs need further improvements
24 August 2020
The European Central Bank published on 12th August 2020 a report on banks’ ICAAP practices. The financial stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has further underlined the need for banks to identify and effectively manage their risks to ensure they have sufficient capital to absorb losses and steer their business models through periods of adversity.
The ECB’s analysis revealed several relatively underdeveloped ICAAP areas which deserve attention, but the main areas for further improvement are the following:
- Data quality issues,
- Economic internal ICAAP perspective,
- Stress testing.
This article provides further insight on the main conclusions alongside the seven principles under the ICAAP Guide.
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By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Describe microeconomics
- Describe macroeconomics
- Contrast monetary policy and fiscal policy
Economics is concerned with the well-being of all people, including those with jobs and those without jobs, as well as those with high incomes and those with low incomes. Economics acknowledges that production of useful goods and services can create problems of environmental pollution. It explores the question of how investing in education helps to develop workers’ skills. It probes questions like how to tell when big businesses or big labor unions are operating in a way that benefits society as a whole and when they are operating in a way that benefits their owners or members at the expense of others. It looks at how government spending, taxes, and regulations affect decisions about production and consumption.
It should be clear by now that economics covers a lot of ground. That ground can be divided into two parts: Microeconomics focuses on the actions of individual agents within the economy, like households, workers, and businesses; Macroeconomics looks at the economy as a whole. It focuses on broad issues such as growth of production, the number of unemployed people, the inflationary increase in prices, government deficits, and levels of exports and imports. Microeconomics and macroeconomics are not separate subjects, but rather complementary perspectives on the overall subject of the economy.
To understand why both microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives are useful, consider the problem of studying a biological ecosystem like a lake. One person who sets out to study the lake might focus on specific topics: certain kinds of algae or plant life; the characteristics of particular fish or snails; or the trees surrounding the lake. Another person might take an overall view and instead consider the entire ecosystem of the lake from top to bottom; what eats what, how the system stays in a rough balance, and what environmental stresses affect this balance. Both approaches are useful, and both examine the same lake, but the viewpoints are different. In a similar way, both microeconomics and macroeconomics study the same economy, but each has a different viewpoint.
Whether you are looking at lakes or economics, the micro and the macro insights should blend with each other. In studying a lake, the micro insights about particular plants and animals help to understand the overall food chain, while the macro insights about the overall food chain help to explain the environment in which individual plants and animals live.
In economics, the micro decisions of individual businesses are influenced by whether the macroeconomy is healthy; for example, firms will be more likely to hire workers if the overall economy is growing. In turn, the performance of the macroeconomy ultimately depends on the microeconomic decisions made by individual households and businesses.
What determines how households and individuals spend their budgets? What combination of goods and services will best fit their needs and wants, given the budget they have to spend? How do people decide whether to work, and if so, whether to work full time or part time? How do people decide how much to save for the future, or whether they should borrow to spend beyond their current means?
What determines the products, and how many of each, a firm will produce and sell? What determines what prices a firm will charge? What determines how a firm will produce its products? What determines how many workers it will hire? How will a firm finance its business? When will a firm decide to expand, downsize, or even close? In the microeconomic part of this book, we will learn about the theory of consumer behavior and the theory of the firm.
What determines the level of economic activity in a society? In other words, what determines how many goods and services a nation actually produces? What determines how many jobs are available in an economy? What determines a nation’s standard of living? What causes the economy to speed up or slow down? What causes firms to hire more workers or to lay workers off? Finally, what causes the economy to grow over the long term?
An economy’s macroeconomic health can be defined by a number of goals: growth in the standard of living, low unemployment, and low inflation, to name the most important. How can macroeconomic policy be used to pursue these goals? Monetary policy, which involves policies that affect bank lending, interest rates, and financial capital markets, is conducted by a nation’s central bank. For the United States, this is the Federal Reserve. Fiscal policy, which involves government spending and taxes, is determined by a nation’s legislative body. For the United States, this is the Congress and the executive branch, which originates the federal budget. These are the main tools the government has to work with. Americans tend to expect that government can fix whatever economic problems we encounter, but to what extent is that expectation realistic? These are just some of the issues that will be explored in the macroeconomic chapters of this book.
Key Concepts and Summary
Microeconomics and macroeconomics are two different perspectives on the economy. The microeconomic perspective focuses on parts of the economy: individuals, firms, and industries. The macroeconomic perspective looks at the economy as a whole, focusing on goals like growth in the standard of living, unemployment, and inflation. Macroeconomics has two types of policies for pursuing these goals: monetary policy and fiscal policy.
What would be another example of a “system” in the real world that could serve as a metaphor for micro and macroeconomics?
- What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?
- What are examples of individual economic agents?
- What are the three main goals of macroeconomics?
Critical Thinking Questions
- A balanced federal budget and a balance of trade are considered secondary goals of macroeconomics, while growth in the standard of living (for example) is considered a primary goal. Why do you think that is so?
- Macroeconomics is an aggregate of what happens at the microeconomic level. Would it be possible for what happens at the macro level to differ from how economic agents would react to some stimulus at the micro level? Hint: Think about the behavior of crowds.
- fiscal policy
- economic policies that involve government spending and taxes
- the branch of economics that focuses on broad issues such as growth, unemployment, inflation, and trade balance.
- the branch of economics that focuses on actions of particular agents within the economy, like households, workers, and business firms
- monetary policy
- policy that involves altering the level of interest rates, the availability of credit in the economy, and the extent of borrowing
Answers to Self-Check Questions
There are many physical systems that would work, for example, the study of planets (micro) in the solar system (macro), or solar systems (micro) in the galaxy (macro).
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Vekhanassa visits the Buddha at Jetavana and argues about perfection. As in the Culla Sakuladāyī Suttas, the Buddha says that what Vekhanassa defines as perfection is merely a refinement of pleasure, and that only arahants can grasp the real meaning of perfection. Vekhanassa is annoyed, but the Buddha soothes him, and he becomes the Buddha's follower (M.ii.40ff).
In the sutta Vekhanassa is called Kaccāna. The Commentary (MA.ii.716) says that Vekhanassa visited the Buddha because he wished to discover for himself why his favourite pupil, Sakuludāyī, should have been defeated by the Buddha; he, therefore, travelled all the way from Rājagaha to Sāvatthi, a distance of forty five leagues, to see the Buddha.
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Religion was very important to the Ancient Greeks. Theirs was politheistic. That means that they believed in multiple gods and goddesses.
These gods and goddesses controlled nature and guided each person’s life. They were so important to the culture that Ancient Greeks built monuments, statues, and other buildings to honor them. They also practiced rituals to show their respect and to please them. They also did this to secure their good fortune, and win the favor of the gods. Other common practices were building altars, praying, presenting gifts, and dedicating festivals to the gods.
In fact, the Olympics was originally a festival created to honor the god Zeus! It was called the Olympics because it was held in the city of Olympia.
There were many gods and goddesses the Ancient Greeks venerated, but there were a few of particular importance.
Zeus was believed to be the King of the gods. He was also worshipped as the god of the sky, weather, law and order, destiny, fate, and kingship.
Hera was the queen of the gods. She was the goddess of marriage, women, the sky, and the stars of heaven.
Athena was the goddess of wisdom, was, heroic endeavors, weaving, pottery, and crafts. These were all very important elements of Ancient Greek daily life, from war to pottery. In her statues and monuments, she is depicted as a stately woman of dignity.
Apollo was the god of oracles, music, song, poetry, archery, healing, plagues, and considered a protector of young people. He was depicted in art forms as being a handsome, beardless young man
Artemis was the goddess of hunting, wilderness, childbirth, and wild animals. She was believed to be the protectress of girls up until they reached marrying age.
Aphrodite was an Olympian goddess. She was the goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation. She was always shown in statues and other depictions as being a beautiful woman.
The Greeks believed that these gods and goddesses worked together to control the cosmos and people’s lives. The Ancient Greeks wanted to please them and honor them so that the gods would not allow any misfortune or troubles to enter into their lives.
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The effect of oscillatory shear strain on nonaffine rearrangements of individual particles in a three-dimensional binary glass is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The amorphous material is represented by the Kob-Andersen mixture at the temperature well below the glass transition. We find that during periodic shear deformation of the material, some particles undergo reversible nonaffine displacements with amplitudes that are approximately power-law distributed. Our simulations show that particles with large amplitudes of nonaffine displacement exhibit a collective behavior; namely, they tend to aggregate into relatively compact clusters that become comparable with the system size near the yield strain. Along with reversible displacements there exist a number of irreversible ones. With increasing strain amplitude, the probability of irreversible displacements during one cycle increases, which leads to permanent structural relaxation of the material.
Priezjev, N. V.
(2016). Reversible Plastic Events During Oscillatory Deformation of Amorphous Solids. Physical Review E, 93, 013001.
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Health Educator Salary And Job Duties Ohio University
Health educators teach individuals and communities how to live healthier lifestyles. they instruct them on nutrition and the avoidance of unhealthy activities like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. a health educator's goal is to provide people with tools that allow them to avoid developing life threatening health issues. The role of a health educator is to assist groups and individuals to learn about healthy and unhealthy behaviors, and show them how behavioral changes can prevent disease and promote wellness. a health educator promotes incorporating positive and healthy habits into people's lives. they also develop programs and materials that promote and encourage children and adults to make healthy decisions. A health educator is a health professional who teaches both adults and children how to incorporate healthy and positive habits—like diet and exercise—into their lives. health educators develop materials and programs to promote wellness, gather statistical data and educate communities about healthy habits and health risks. The minimum education you will need to become a health educator is a bachelor’s degree in public health, education or a related field with at least 25 credits devoted to health education and its advancement. although degrees and coursework vary by school, you will want to notify your department chair that you wish to graduate with the essential coursework to become a certified health education specialist so he or she can assist you when choosing classes for eligibility. A health educator is a professional who plans and implements health education programs for individuals, families and communities so they can maintain and maximize a healthy lifestyle. they teach people about making wellness an integral part of daily life and how to meet their health goals through lifestyle changes.
Health Educator Job Description Salary Skills More
Health education specialists collect and evaluate data to determine the needs of the people they serve. communication skills. health education specialists and community health workers must be able to clearly convey information in health related materials and in written proposals for programs and funding. instructional skills. Health educators inc., has been serving the richmond va and tri cities area for over 25 years. american heart association (aha) american health and safety institute (ashi) cpr, first aid, heartsaver, and blood borne pathogens can be taught at your facility or at our 7 classroom office located at 2201 a e. parham rd, henrico va 23228. According to the u.s. bureau of labor statistics, health educators work with communities to determine health needs, create programs for promoting health and wellness, share lessons on health risk prevention, connect people with vital health services and advocate for individuals and communities in need of health care.
Health Educators Career Video Youtube
How Covid 19 Reshaped Medical Education Elmens
Day At Work: Health Educator
how does meckell m. help students center health and wellness in their very busy lives? join her on campus in this episode, day hello everyone ! this is an introduction into the health educator career and my journey to becoming one ! enjoy. mainehealthlearningcenter.org meet ellie foster, a mainehealth health educator and learn about some of the free october 19 23, 2015 is national health education week, highlighting the important work health educators do throughout the year this career video provides day in the life information about the following jobs and occupations. job title: health educators in lara's classroom students are able to discover curious passions and achieve great things. how? through experiential learning. larry smith is no longer with the northern kentucky health department. a typical day in the life of a health educator. courtesy of careeronestop learn how to get there at mycareerrx now hiring: health educator you will work alongside medical and other service providers to teach patients how to make good for education purpose only
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A fireworks warehouse blew up in Phichit province due to the current extreme hot weather. The main chemicals that reacted with the heat are Potassium Nitrate and Sulfur. No one was hurt from the incident but nothing was left standing after the fire stopped.
The Dong Pa Kam fire station was notified on the 14th of this month about a fire that started in a warehouse located in the area. The firefighters drove to the location with their fire trucks. They later discovered that the fire started from an explosion inside the building caused by the extreme heat and the chemicals inside the fireworks.
There were also special pieces of equipment that were used in fireworks production and motorbikes that were destroyed in the fire along with the fireworks. After the first explosion, it is estimated that the other fireworks were ignited from the explosion and blew up in a chain reaction effect. The metal roof blew to different directions around the warehouse, scattered along with the pieces of the wooden walls that used to exist.
Luckily, no one was hurt in the incident as the warehouse was empty at the time. The pieces of the warehouse flew into the neighbor’s house and broke some of their windows. Banyat the owner of the fireworks warehouse reported that when the warehouse blew up he was outside of the building. He realized what had happened when he heard a loud bang from his warehouse.
Banyat thinks that it must be the heat that caused the warehouse to blow up. The police were notified of the explosion. When they came to the warehouse, the police discovered that the license for such warehouse had already expired. The license needed to be renewed every annual year. The police stated that the Potassium Nitrate and Sulfur used in fireworks could have reacted with the extremely hot weather. Further evidence will be submitted to a lab for confirmation on the cause of the explosion.
FB Caption: When they came to the warehouse, the police discovered that the license for such warehouse had already expired.
Source: Workpoint News
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Tamboran Resources (UK) Ltd is an independent explorer with plans to investigate and develop natural gas in Northern Ireland.
Our present focus is on that part of County Fermanagh where gas has been found in the past. That gas is the natural gas which is used on a daily basis in our homes, businesses and communities.
Commercial production of natural gas would bring considerable benefits to the local and regional economy.
Producing natural gas in Fermanagh would enable better control of energy costs, reduce reliance on foreign imports and provide significant levels of employment and investment in the local economy.
First, the company must prove the size of the natural gas resource. This initial exploration will require one or two scientific boreholes to be drilled. Accordingly, TRUK has applied to the Department for the Economy for an exploration licence encompassing approximately 608 sq. km in south west County Fermanagh.
Our latest calculations estimate the natural gas reserves from shale and sandstone rocks could be worth in excess of £20billion.
All of Northern Ireland’s natural gas is currently imported via the Scotland-Northern Ireland Pipeline (SNIP). At a time when security of energy supply is becoming less certain, a local low-carbon resource will benefit local consumers and industry.
We will operate to the highest industry standards, in line with the UK Community Engagement Charter.
Have questions? We’re here to help! You’ll find answers to the most Frequently Asked Questions here.
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Maryland is abundant in rivers, streams, lakes, coastal bays, and ocean coastline, offering some of the best fishing opportunities in the mid-Atlantic region.
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This body of water has been selected as a great place to fish and boat with your family and friends because it offers incredible fishing areas, family-friendly amenities, and beautiful landscapes to enjoy a day out on the water.
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In yoga they call it “downward dog” but in Physie we call it the “Inverted V”. Whatever you call it, it’s an amazing stretch that will, if done correctly, stretch your calves, hamstrings, Achilles tendons and shoulders, as well as increase upper body strength.
Take the weight on your hands (shoulder width apart) and the balls of your feet (with feet in parallel – ie feet touching). Rock backwards trying to push your heels down into the floor and pushing your shoulders towards your knees. Keep your neck long and your pelvis rotated back (towards the ceiling).
If you can’t get your heels down, try pushing them down one at a time, allowing the opposite knee to bend. “Walk the dog” like this for a while then have another go at pushing both heels down together. Go slow and breathe!
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The Threat from Thwaites: The Retreat of Antarctica’s Riskiest Glacier
Ice sheet’s demise poses the biggest threat for sea-level rise this century
Antarctica’s Thwaites Glacier is retreating rapidly as a warming ocean slowly erases its ice from below, leading to faster flow, more fracturing, and a threat of collapse, according to an international team of scientists. The glacier is the size of Florida or Britain and currently contributes four percent of annual global sea level rise. If it does collapse, global sea levels would rise by several feet—putting millions of people living in coastal cities in danger zones for extreme flooding.
“Thwaites is the widest glacier in the world,” said Ted Scambos, a senior research scientist at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES). “It’s doubled its outflow speed within the last 30 years, and the glacier in its entirety holds enough water to raise sea level by over two feet. And it could lead to even more sea-level rise, up to 10 feet, if it draws the surrounding glaciers with it.”
Scambos is the U.S. lead coordinator for the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC): a team of nearly 100 scientists funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and U.K. Natural Environment Research Council dedicated to studying the vulnerable glacier. The five-year collaboration is aimed at collecting instrument data throughout the glacier and the adjacent ocean, and modeling ice flow and the future of the ice sheet. Their work has revealed major changes in the ice, the surrounding water, and the area where it floats off the bedrock below.
Thwaites sits in West Antarctica, flowing across a 120km stretch of frozen coastline. A third of the glacier, along its eastern side, flows more slowly than the rest—it’s braced by a floating ice shelf, a floating extension of the glacier that is held in place by an underwater mountain. The ice shelf acts like a brace that prevents faster flow of the upstream ice. But the brace of ice slowing Thwaites won’t last for long, said Erin Petitt, an associate professor at Oregon State University.
Beneath the surface, warmer ocean water circulating beneath the floating eastern side is attacking this glacier from all angles, her team has found. This water is melting the ice directly from beneath, and as it does so, the glacier loses its grip on the underwater mountain. Massive factures have formed and are growing as well, accelerating its demise, said Pettit. This floating extension of the Thwaites Glacier will likely survive only a few more years.
Warm water is also a threat for the so-called “grounding zone,” the area where the glacier lifts off the seabed, said Peter Davis, a physical oceanographer at the British Antarctic Survey. Davis and his team use hot water to drill access holes from the ice shelf surface to the ocean cavity hundreds of meters below. They have found that the ocean waters in the grounding zone are warm, by polar standards, and salty, and generate prime conditions for melting the ice shelf from beneath.
Peter Washam, a research associate at Cornell University, also studies the grounding zone. His team lowered a remote-controlled underwater robot through the borehole to take measurements of the ocean, ice, and seafloor in this region. They mapped these properties up to the point where the ice and seafloor came in contact. Washam describes the grounding zone as “chaotic,” with warm water, rugged ice, and a steep, sloping bottom that allows the water to quickly melt the ice sheet from below.
But upstream of this line of floatation, the researchers have found that the water is actually pumped under the ice sheet a short distance by tides. Lizzy Clyne, an adjunct professor at Lewis and Clark College, and their team study the tidal pumping mechanism that physically forces warm water between the ice and bedrock at Thwaites. The floating portion of the glacier rises and falls with the tides—and that motion acts like a lever, pumping water under the ice sheet. Also, downstream of the grounding zone on the bottom of the floating ice shelf, constant stretching and melting is rapidly creating long channels through the ice where water can flow, impacting the long term stability of the ice shelf, said Clyne.
As Thwaites retreats upstream and into the ice sheet, it may form very tall ice cliffs at the ocean front. Anna Crawford, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of St. Andrews, and her team use computer modelling to study ice cliff failure: a process by which ice can break off the ends of the glacier into the open ocean. The process can take on many forms, but all of them could lead to very rapid retreat of the massive glacier. The bedrock shape of West Antarctica makes the region vulnerable to rapid retreat via ice-cliff failure, as increasingly tall cliffs could be exposed as the ice retreats. This could lead to a chain-reaction of fracturing, resulting in collapse, said Crawford. A challenge for the team is assessing if, when, and how fast this might occur, but major ice loss is possible within several decades to a few centuries.
“If Thwaites were to collapse, it would drag most of West Antarctica’s ice with it,” said Scambos. “So it’s critical to get a clearer picture of how the glacier will behave over the next 100 years.” ITCG research, including future sea-level projections, will be vital for policy makers in their efforts to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of global sea level rise, the team said.
STATEMENT (added 1/31/2022):
Due to some inaccuracies in media coverage following our press release, the team would like to clarify the timeline of estimated impacts from the potential collapse of Thwaites Glacier. The “chain reaction,” beginning with the potential collapse of Thwaites’ Eastern Ice Shelf would set in motion a long-term process which would eventually result in global sea level rise. While the initial steps of ice shelf collapse, glacier speed-up, and increased ice-cliff failure might happen within a couple of decades, the “2 to 10 feet” of sea level rise will require centuries to unfold—and impacts can still be mitigated depending on how humans respond in coming decades. Risk of multiple feet of sea level rise will not happen this decade (and likely not even in the next few decades). NOTE: the ITGC science community does not use the term ‘Doomsday Glacier’ when referring to Thwaites, because it gives the inaccurate impression that the disaster is sudden, and inevitable, and akin to nuclear war, which is not the case.
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Have you ever wondered … what’s the big deal with Jesus?
Where I grew up, I remember singing songs like, “Jesus, Jesus, Jesus, greatest name I know.” I’m sure I’ve heard hundreds of lessons and sermons about Jesus … that Jesus is the answer … that he is our hope … that he loves us. There were all true.
Today’s climate and culture is different, I suppose. It seems we live in a world that doesn’t value Jesus in the same way. It’s as if his name has become just another name, and he has become just another way.
So why do we make a big deal about Jesus around here?
Why do we say that the Bible is a big deal and that Jesus is the biggest deal?
It’s a good question.
One of the most famous believers in the Bible is a guy named Paul. He’s a guy with quite a story. He spent a good portion of his life persecuting those who believed in Jesus. He hated Jesus and anybody who followed him. He tried to put a stop to the emerging Church by killing the early Church leaders.
Until he met Jesus. When Paul met Jesus, his whole life changed … for the better.
He wrote a lot of letters that became books of the Bible. Romans is a letter he wrote to the churches spread across Rome. There was a lot of tension in the early church. They were trying to figure out what it looked like for the life of Christ to be lived out.
Today’s teaching comes from Romans chapter 5. Paul opens chapter 5 by talking about the one thing everybody needs – peace with God. From these verses, we learn why Jesus is a big deal.
Why is Jesus a big deal?
Because Jesus …
1. RESCUES US
6 For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 For one will scarcely die for a righteous person—though perhaps for a good person one would dare even to die— 8 but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. – Romans 5
Paul is saying that when we don’t know Jesus we are helpless, powerless, and cut off from the presence of God. Yet, Jesus still died on the cross for our sin. God sent his Son to die for the very people who refused to worship him. That reveals the magnitude of God’s love for us.
When we are helpless, powerless and cutoff, we think that doing right will make us right with God. We think: Maybe I can volunteer my time somewhere. Maybe I can give some money. Maybe I can improve my life. Maybe I can try harder and clean up my act.
We think that doing right will make us right.
The problem is that doing right can never make us right.
We can’t earn our way into heaven. We can’t bribe God to get him on our side. No matter how hard we work or try, there is still a gnawing feeling inside of us.
At the right time, while we were still sinners, Christ died for us and went to the cross and redeemed us from having to earn our way in. We don’t become Christians because we believe in our own goodness. We don’t become believers because we believe in ourselves.
We come to Christ and he gives us the faith and the confidence to believe in him. When we believe his death as our own death he frees us from having to earn our way into the presence of God. He rescues us from ourselves and the world.
2. RELEASES US
10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, now that we are reconciled, shall we be saved by his life. – Romans 5
Paul explains that anybody who doesn’t know Christ personally is at enmity with God. Why? Because we can’t obey God’s law or fulfill God’s Will. Condemnation means that God declares us sinners, which is a declaration of war. Justification means that God declares us righteous, which is a declaration of peace, made possible by Christ’s death on the cross.
He removes the hostility that existed between us and him because of that sin. He makes relationship possible. Jesus releases us from our past mistakes, scars and screw ups.
Jesus declares us to be something we could never attain on our own.
Our sins are not just covered. Our sins are removed.Our sins are not just covered; our sins are removed! Click To Tweet
3. RESTORES US
9 Since, therefore, we have now been justified by his blood, much more shall we be saved by him from the wrath of God. – Romans 5
God hates sin. It cost him the life of his son. Ever since Adam and Eve sinned against God, everybody has been born a sinner separated from God because of our sin. Sin makes us enemies of God.
But now because of the death of Jesus he has removed the separation and restored us into a relationship of peace. He has paid for the sin. The reason why we are able to experience the presence of God is because Jesus made peace and restored us so that now we are able to step into the presence of God and know him.
4. RECREATES US!
11 More than that, we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation. – Romans 5
Eternal life is not just about heaven. Eternal life is the life of God given to those who by faith know him as their leader and are letting him control their life now.
The life of Jesus is deposited in us. His presence in our life enables us to live the life that he’s called us to live.
So why is Jesus a big deal?
At the end of the day, all that we really long for and truly need is peace with God. The thing that we truly need is something we can’t get ourselves. Only Jesus can give it.
Only Jesus can rescue us.
Only Jesus can release us.
Only Jesus can restore us.
Only Jesus can recreate us.
That’s a big deal.
This devotional is one in Sugar Hill Church’s First 30 devotional series for college students. To access the entire series & podcasts be sure to check SHC’s site each day, as new ones are added daily. (Because we know you are busy, just click here & save as bookmark.)
Listen to Today’s Devotional
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The Getty Provenance Index has, for three decades, been a leading resource for scholarship on the history of collecting. Founded in the early 1980s by Burton Fredericksen, the first curator of paintings for the Getty Museum, the Provenance Index has evolved into a collection of online databases with 1.75 million records indexing the works of art described in source documents such as auction catalogs, archival inventories, and dealer stock books. This data can be used to trace the ownership of works of art and to examine patterns in collecting and art markets.
A recent project added 138,000 database records for the contents of the first 100 years of British sales catalogs, from the earliest extant catalog—Sir Peter Lely’s 1682 picture sale—up to the year 1780. These database records represent paintings, sculptures, drawings, and miniatures from over one thousand sales.
This project was phase two of a collaboration between the Getty Research Institute’s Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance and the National Gallery, London, known as British Sales 1780–1800: The Rise of the London Art Market. I offered a detailed description of the project in a previous Iris post. This new phase of the project benefitted enormously from the contributions of Richard Stephens at the University of York, who made available many transcriptions of early sale catalogs and other documentation on the website The art world in Britain 1660 to 1735.
A few collectors had a major impact on the early art market in Britain. One was King Charles I. The dispersal of his collection after his execution in 1649 acted as a catalyst for the burgeoning British art market. A few decades later, in 1682, the sale of Sir Peter Lely’s collection ushered in the rise in popularity of selling art at auction in Britain, which had previously been done mainly by lottery or private sale.
Another influential seventeenth-century collector was Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Arundel. He has been described as the greatest collector of his time apart from Charles I. He was a great patron of the arts and commissioned portraits from the best painters of the day. In honor of the collaboration between the Getty and the National Gallery, I thought I would highlight two of these portraits (shown below), records for which can be found in the Getty Provenance Index databases.
The first is a portrait by Peter Paul Rubens, which appeared in a Langford sale on March 20, 1754 (Provenance Index Br-A479, lot 40). It was sold by the collector Dr. Richard Mead to Lord Carlisle for £36.15, and the painting was passed down through the Earls of Carlisle until the twentieth century. In 1914 it was presented as a gift from Rosalind, Countess of Carlisle, and is now in the collection of the National Gallery, London.
The second is a portrait by Anthony van Dyck. It has a more complicated provenance, moving back and forth between Britain and France before finally coming to America. It was given by the Earl of Arundel to George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, but by 1723 it was part of the collection of the duc d’Orléans in France. The dealer Michael Bryan bought it in Paris and then sold it at auction in London in 1801 to the Duke of Bridgewater, for 400 guineas (Provenance Index Br-62, lot 92). After that, the painting passed through several collections, eventually coming to its current home at the Getty Museum in 1986, bought from the dealer Thomas Agnew & Sons.
While the provenance of these two portraits was already known, we hope that the newly added sales records will assist in reconstructing ownership histories such as these for many more artworks.
Case Study: Comparing the Early British and French Art Markets
With the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century sales data newly added to the Provenance Index through this collaboration, British sales coverage now extends from 1682 up to the 1840s. The British sales data is also searchable alongside records for French, German, Dutch, Belgian, and Scandinavian sales. This will enable scholars to look for patterns both within and across national art markets.
As an example, let’s look for points of comparison between British and French art sales of the eighteenth century. There are relatively few French sale catalogs for the first half of the 1700s, so we’ll focus instead on the second half of the century.
One way to analyze the relationship between the art markets of France and Britain is to track the number of artworks appearing in sales over time. As you can see in the following graph, the number of artworks appearing at auction in Britain and France rose mainly in tandem until the mid-1770s, when the French market suddenly dominated. The situation changed around 1789, at the outset of the French Revolution, after which the British market was dominant.
One interesting note: the total number of artworks appearing in sales in France and Britain was almost the same during the French peak in 1779 and the British peak twenty years later. While you can see in the graph that the difference between the two markets was dramatic during those two periods, the combined number of artworks—about 12,000 in 1779 and 11,000 in 1799—was remarkably close. This indicates that the overall art market remained relatively stable and simply shifted from France to Britain during the French Revolution.
These numbers suggest an interconnectedness between the markets of France and Britain, but French and British auction catalogs developed as distinct literary forms. The laws regarding auctions were different in the two nations and this affected the relationships between dealers and auctioneers, which in turn affected the style of the catalogs. In France the catalog entries were generally written by connoisseurs, who often provided lengthy descriptions and imposed value judgments. Increasingly in the second half of the 18th century, these French connoisseurs emphasized the importance of the artist attributions, separating painting entries by artistic school (French, Italian, Dutch and Flemish, etc.), and segregating copies and paintings with questionable attribution at the end of the sections.
The typical painting description in the British catalogs, on the other hand, was very short and simply described the main subject. Instances in which a British auctioneer would expound the artistic merit of a painting or provide support for its authenticity were less common. It is clear that many paintings listed under an artist’s name were actually copies or were painted by less esteemed members of the same artistic school. The following examples, both from 1756, illustrate the difference between French and British catalogs. Notice that the French example has placed the artist in a section for “Ecole Romaine” (Roman School), while the entries in the British example do not look much different from that of the first British catalog of 1682:
To test the theory that the authors of the French catalogs were more interested in issues of authenticity than their British counterparts, we can look at the Provenance Index data for 1750–1800 and see if we can learn anything about how the paintings were attributed. Surprisingly, the percentage of anonymous paintings is almost exactly the same in French and British sales, about 3%. But a check for paintings with attributions such as “copy,” “school,” “manner,” “style,” and so on reveals something interesting. The French records are twice as likely to have these attributions, at 8%, compared with 4% in British sales. That does not tell us definitively that the French attributions were more accurate—it’s theoretically possible that the British sales included a higher percentage of originals—but it does provide a clue about the care taken with attributions.
The new records added to the Provenance Index provide countless opportunities for comparison. For example, we can see how many paintings include dimensions in their catalog descriptions. It turns out that there is a significant difference between the French and British catalogs in this regard, too: 49% of the French records for the period 1750–1800 include dimensions, while only 7% of the British records from the same time period include this information.
We’ll end with an example of the different levels of description for French and British audiences. The Swiss portrait painter Jean-Étienne Liotard brought his collection of old master paintings to London in 1773 and put them on display for sale, along with several of his own paintings (Provenance Index Br-A921-A). There were French and English versions of this catalog, and he probably wrote the entries himself. The difference in the level of detail between the two versions is almost comical. Here are the French descriptions for a pair of paintings by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Joos de Momper:
It’s possible he was a little tired after writing those, because the English entries are a bit more concise:
The 1773 exhibition did not produce many sales, so these two paintings, along with most of the rest of the collection, were sold at auction the following year at Christie’s (Provenance Index Br-980). This time Christie’s provided the description, and it was even more in the English taste:
The French titles could be describing the following pictures in the collection of the Museo del Prado, Madrid. However, the Prado pictures are thought to have been in the Spanish royal collection prior to the Liotard sale, so perhaps they are versions of the same subjects.
This is just a taste of the kinds of discoveries and data comparisons that we hope the new British sales data will enable. To explore this new data, choose “Sales Catalogs” within the Provenance Index search interface.
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As leaders at one of Michigan’s largest health systems brace for the anticipated double whammy of COVID-19 and influenza season this fall and winter, their experiences early in the pandemic have helped them understand there’s more to preparing for another surge than making sure the supply closet is stocked.
The most important thing? Communication.
More specifically, it is making sure leadership provides consistent messaging regarding people’s security and safety, said Betty Chu, MD, MBA, the senior vice president and chief quality officer for Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. She is leading the health system’s response in Michigan to the pandemic.
Dr. Chu, who also serves on the AMA Council on Medical Service, shared her organization’s experiences and lessons learned during an online discussion hosted by AMA Chief Experience Officer Todd Unger. The AMA is providing COVID-19 video updates featuring interviews with a wide range of physicians and experts from the AMA and elsewhere who provide real-time insight on the challenge of the pandemic.
“You can't communicate enough, and … when you do communicate, you have to be incredibly consistent with the messaging that you communicate so that people feel that we've got their backs on a regular basis,” said Dr. Chu, an AMA member.
Beyond the internal communication, it’s also important for physicians to provide the community a clear, consistent message.
“It's become clear during this pandemic that having a trusted source of information that you can get your information from that's science-based and reliable is incredibly important,” Dr. Chu said. “There are lots of opportunities if you look around you, you contact your local agencies, you start getting involved in your local communities. People are looking for advocacy from physicians.”
Track the fast-moving pandemic with the AMA's COVID-19 resource center, which offers a library of the most up-to-date resources from JAMA Network™, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the World Health Organization.
Dr. Chu said that for staff, things like child care, transportation and a place to stay are important things for leadership to consider when preparing for a fall wave of COVID-19 and flu.
Henry Ford Health System partnered with area hotels to help their physicians and staff find somewhere to stay temporarily. They also helped support employees who had a spouse lose a job by giving out nearly $1 million to employees to help keep them going.
“We’ve been really fortunate that we’ve had a lot of support from the community and we have been able to provide philanthropic support through our organization, providing relief for rent, relief for car payments, relief for payments for child care, for many, many of our employees,” Dr. Chu said. “We don’t want them to worry about their economic hardship while asking them to come to work and also help service our patient population.”
And support needs to continue once a surge has let up, Dr. Chu said, noting that they have provided behavioral health support for their employees.
“We recognize, like during any crisis, people are really running at 100 miles an hour, and then when they stop running, they realize, ‘Wow, emotionally, I'm not doing so well,’” she said. “If you're not thinking about it now, because you're in the height of the crisis, starting to plan and prepare for the effects of the crisis on your people and how you're going to need to support that, is going to be critically important.”
Being ready for another spike in cases still involves making sure your organization has the supplies necessary to treat patients and to protect patients, something that has become a little more predictable based on everyone’s experiences the past six months.
Dr. Chu said it’s also important to look at staffing and to use staffing models to ensure there are enough environmental service workers, ICU nurses and physicians in the emergency departments.
“Knowing what those critical job categories are and what worked and continue to be as we go into the fall, and doing some of that planning has been really important for us, as well, as we plan for what's likely going to be another surge in the fall,” she said.
Essential Tools & Resources
Featured updates: COVID-19 resource center
Get the news you need with COVID-19 Update on YouTube
Stay informed on the latest COVID-19 vaccine updates
COVID-19 Vaccine Script for Patient Inquiries
COVID-19: Health equity resources
COVID-19: AMA's recent and ongoing advocacy efforts
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We all know that marine fuel doesn't come cheap - these easy to follow tips will save you cash and get the most out of your boat
Owning your own boat can be expensive enough, without all the ongoing costs such as marine fuel so we’ve got some great tips to help you save money on fuel for your vessel.
A few simple checks and changes in how you use your boat could see you gain a saving of up to 10%. It might not seem like a massive amount of money but cumulatively you could make significant savings and also reduce the amount of smoke and noise your boat produces.
1. Don’t be a drag
Just like on a car, objects on the top of your boat will create excessive air drag and reduce the miles you achieve per gallon, as well as your speed. In order to prevent this, when using your boat, remove the cockpit cover or bimini. It goes without saying that the cleaner the lines of your boat are, the better the fuel economy.
If you can also avoid towing a tender then you’ll also help to reduce your fuel consumption.
Having the incorrect trim on your vessel is also another big culprit of wasted fuel. Cruising with the bow of your boat high out of the water is much more likely to burn more fuel. Instead, try and keep the hull as level to the plane as possible in order to maximise thrust.
If you find yourself having to use excessive trim tab or leg trim, adjust the weight distribution within the vessel. Putting more weight towards the bow of the boat will help her to trim more evenly.
3. Unload unnecessary items
It doesn’t take a genius to realise that the heavier your boat is, the more fuel it will consume and the slower the speed it will cruise at. With this in mind, make sure you remove any items you don’t need from your boat in order to keep the weight down.
Last season’s fishing gear for example, if you’ve got no immediate plans to use it, storing it somewhere else could make a difference to the number of times you’re refilling the fuel tank.
4. Clean your hull
Ensuring you have a clean hull will be one of the biggest factors in helping to reduce drag when cutting through the water, in turn, reducing your fuel consumption. Performance boats can increase their speed by 2 knots by removing even light fouling from the hull. If you can, try to regularly wash the hull and be sure to properly antifoul your boat at the start of every season.
Specifically targeting boaters who anti foul their own vessel, the DIY Safe Antifouling Initiative is being launched in the new…
Get your boat into shape ahead of the new season with our guide to antifouling
Keeping a close eye on your rigging is an essential part of boat maintenance and good seamanship
Read our boat canvas cleaning guide and give your boat a quick and cost-effective makeover
5. Keep your engine tuned
Regular engine checks will not only prolong its life but also help to ensure that it runs efficiently. There are a number of checks you can complete every time you use your boat but it’s also worth getting marine mechanic to look over your engine at least once a year.
6. Reduce your speed
It may seem like an obvious tip, but sometimes the thrill of speeding through the waves can be more exciting than thinking about how much fuel you’re using. If you’re not in a rush to get somewhere, then reducing your speed is one of simplest ways to ensure you’re using less fuel.
7. Clean the propeller
Keeping your boat’s engine propellers in good shape is another way to save on fuel. Make sure that the engine’s blades are regularly polished and checked for damage. If there are any dents or chunks missing in the leading edge, the transfer of power to the water will be reduced.
It’s also essential to check the tracking and balance on your prop, along with the alignment. Misalignment is relatively easy to check for, but if needs be, have yours measured by a professional repairer.
8. Get your propeller pitch right
The majority of vessel’s propellers will be sized for the maximum speed of the boat, however, sizing them to your cruising speed can help save fuel. It’s probably best to get the work done by a marine engineer, as it’s a delicate job. Investigate at what rpm the best fuel consumption can be achieved and have your props sized to this.
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The Montezuma-Cortez Re-1 School District budget outlook for the 2017-2018 school year is full of “very good news,” according to Finance Manager Carla Hoehn.
Hoehn presented the district’s preliminary budget to the Board of Education at its regular meeting on Tuesday. A vote on the budget is expected at the board’s June 20 meeting.
“Earlier in the year, we had news that there would be heavy cuts, but the Legislature worked things out, and the cuts are not as deep as expected,” Hoehn told the board.
Revenues for next school year are expected to be about $21.9 million, including a state funding increase of about $225 per student.
District expenditures are projected at $18.2 million and include salary step increases for all staff members. The district transfers about $3.6 million to other funds and the three charter schools in the county — Battle Rock, Children’s Kiva Montessori and Southwest Open School.
Hoehn said the budget increase means there won’t be cuts to district programs or personnel for next year.
Superintendent Lori Haukeness also was optimistic.
“I’m excited and pleased with the budget we have this year,” she said.
Revenue this year is up from the 2016-2017 school year, when the district’s total revenue was $21.3 million, according to district documents. However, this year’s revenue is still lower than in the 2015-2016 year, when revenue was just over $22 million.
Revenue from the state has increased from the 2016-2017 year by about $930,000, while local tax revenue has decreased by about $375,000.
Though the district will have more money next year, it’s not enough, officials said.
Negative factor takes money from schoolsThe negative factor — which the Colorado Legislature recently voted to rename the “budget stabilization factor” – takes away about $2.5 million in funds the district normally would receive, Hoehn said.
The budget stabilization factor is used to balance the state’s budget by reducing the amount the Legislature allocates to public schools across the state.
If the budget stabilization factor were not in place, the district could use the funding to address needs such as the aging bus fleet, Hoehn said.
Even though teachers will get raises this year, Re-1 salaries still aren’t as competitive with those of other districts, officials said.
“We have to find a way to give our teachers more money,” board member Sherri Wright said.
Colorado voters passed a law in November’s election that will require the minimum wage to be raised to $12 per hour by 2020. Board member Pete Montaño said that new law will shift wages up for employees at all pay grades in the district, raising district expenditures across the board.
Board President Jack Schuenemeyer said the district is losing employees to other local entities, such as government departments, that offer higher salaries.
Wright and Hoehn noted that the Re-1 district is one of few across the state that has not asked voters for a mill levy override to increase district funding.
If voters were to approve such a measure, it would raise local property taxes to provide more funding for schools. The board has discussed asking voters to approve a mill levy override in this fall’s election.
Board approves a raise for a recessionary yearFor the 2017-2018 year, the district’s fund balance is about $6 million, Hoehn said. However, that includes two reserved amounts that cannot be used. The district reserves about $760,000 for TABOR, as well as $1.2 million for a pending court decision involving Kinder Morgan.
The district’s usable fund balance will be about $4 million, Hoehn said. She suggested that the board consider allocating funds to the reserve so the district maintains a healthy fund balance.
The bare minimum for a school district’s fund balance should be about $2.8 million to cover two months of district expenses, she said.
She suggested setting a goal of a $4.2 million fund balance for 2019, which would be about three months of operating expenses.
“There we could say we would be in very good financial shape,” she told the board.
Also at the meeting, school board members voted to retroactively authorize a salary step raise for staff who were in the district in 2009.
Haukeness said the district faced a budget crisis after the Great Recession, and the board froze salaries for three years starting in 2009, meaning no raises were granted to staff members that year.
The board granted the salary raise for the 142 staff members who were employed in the district in 2009 and are still with the district. The financial impact for the raise will be about $112,000, Haukeness said.
The district could only afford to retroactively grant one of the three raises from the time when salaries were frozen, she said.
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At the end of this course, you will be able to:
interpret scientific articles dealing with these subjects, and you will be prepared to pursue specialised teaching in epidemiology and public health.
Monitoring diseases and carrying out population-based surveys to identify their causes (behaviours, environmental exposure, and genetic factors): such is the role of epidemiology, the principles and methods of which you will learn during this course.
The course begins with a presentation of the key principles of descriptive epidemiology (monitoring of diseases, investigation of epidemics) and analytical epidemiology (identification of disease risk factors). Principal risk indicators, the formulation of a scientific hypothesis, the study schemes used in population-based surveys, taking sampling fluctuations into account, the statistical analysis of results and the interpretation of bias: all of these will be explained and illustrated by examples and case studies drawn from the real world.
The course will also address the main principles of causality and the levels of proof required today to be able to say that a given “exposure” is responsible for a disease.
Format: 5 videos of 10-15 minutes every week for six weeks (except for the last week, where the last video will be replaced by a final exam, making 29 videos in total).
There are no prerequisites, although knowledge of biostatistics would be useful for hypothesis tests. What about medical knowledge? Of course, the more you know, the better, but it is far from necessary. In Anglo-Saxon countries, the majority of public health specialists are not doctors.
Note: two of the case studies are drawn from scientific articles in English. An understanding of written English will therefore be important for these two exercises.
Evaluation: the students will be able to test their knowledge regularly via:
MCQs offered at the end of the sequence (two per sequence; 5 minutes of personal work)
MCQs and open questions relating to the scientific articles to be analysed (three in total over the course: allow two hours’ work for each article analysis ). The MCQs will be corrected electronically and the open questions will be explained with a teaching video.
The final assessment, the only way to obtain a course completion certificate, will be in the form of MCQs at the end of the mooc.
An authenticated CERTIFICATE worth 2 ECTS can be delivered for 60 euros, provided that you have enrolled at the CNAM.
Not essential for this course, but useful for those who would like to go deeper:
“Epidemiology in medicine” (C.H. Hennekens, J.E. Buring). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Editions
You are free to:
Under the following terms:
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Only studying without any physical activity of playing is actually detrimental to a kid’s physical and mental development
Edutech companies have been capitalizing on the psyche of the Indian parent. Most parents expect their kids to be the next Brin or Page. For them, education (not learning) is most important.
Along with this, the pandemic has encouraged most edutech companies to market their content leveraging the fact that the kids are at home.
It is a double whammy as far as kids go, as playing outdoors is not encouraged – the fear of contracting the virus.
Thanks to this pandemic, obesity in kids is on the rise, increasing the chances of ailments and long-term negative repercussions.
According to experts playing is key to “building thriving brains, bodies, and social bonds―all-important in today’s world.”
Research shows play can improve children’s abilities to plan, organize, get along with others, and regulate emotions.
In addition, play helps with language, math and social skills, and even helps children cope with stress.
I have not seen a single business catering to the unmet need for physical activity at home for kids.
A healthy mind needs a healthy body
What do you think?
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When do taxes in Russia apply to worldwide income? Find out this and more with our guide to the Russian tax system, looking at income and corporate tax rates.
The Russian word for tax is налог (nalog) and the current tax system is based on a code enacted and adopted in three stages, from 1998 to 2003. As of 2019, taxes in Russia account for around 10.9% of the country’s GDP following a series of reforms over the previous decade.
For expats, the starting point for determining your tax position depends on your residency status. As such, this status affects what elements of your income are subject to tax and how much you pay.
Read on for an overview of the tax system in Russia, with sections including:
- The tax system in Russia
- Federal, regional and local taxes in Russia
- Taxes on goods and services in Russia
- Who pays taxes in Russia?
- The Russian tax system and foreign pensions
- Income tax rates in Russia
- Tax deductions in Russia
- How to file your income tax return in Russia
- Property and wealth taxes in Russia
- Inheritance and gift tax in Russia
- Corporate tax in Russia
- Import and export taxes in Russia
- Tax advice in Russia
- Useful resources
The tax system in Russia
In Russia, the Ministry of Finance governs the country’s tax authority (Federal Tax Service of Russia), which manages taxes.
The Russian tax year runs from 1 January to 31 December. You should submit tax returns to the Federal Tax Service using a form called Tax Declaration (Налоговая Декларация, Nalogovaya Deklaratsiya). Returns must arrive by 30 April, and the final date to pay your taxes in Russia is 15 July.
In 2021, Russia implemented a progressive tax with rates of 13% or 15% for those earning over 5 million rubles per year. Non-residents pay 13%, 15%, or 30%, depending on their employment status and the source of their income.
Overall, in recent years, taxpayers have benefited from streamlined procedures and more favorable tax rates in Russia with a smaller tax burden. In particular, collection rates doubled since 2011 thanks to better collection processes and closer tax monitoring at the highest levels, particularly for business. It is likely that these will expand to cover a greater number of businesses – and eventually, consumers – over time.
Fines and penalties
For the most part, failure to file a tax declaration can result in the following sanctions:
- If taxes are filed less than 180 days late, 5% of the tax owed is charged for each full or partial month that the declaration is late. This fine may not total 30% of the total sum of taxes due, or the minimum amount set annually.
- If the declaration is more than 180 days late, 30% of the tax owed is charged, plus 10% for each full or partial month after the first 180 days.
Federal, regional, and local taxes in Russia
Russia’s Tax Code determines three levels of taxation: federal, regional, and local. Currently, federal taxes include VAT, mineral extraction tax, individual income tax, unified social tax, corporate profits tax, excise taxes, special tax regimes, and several other taxes.
On the other hand, regional and local taxes in Russia focus on assets. Regional taxes include corporate property tax, vehicle tax, and gambling tax, while local taxes comprise land tax and individual property tax.
Taxes on goods and services (VAT) in Russia
Since 2019, VAT has been levied at the benchmark rate of 20% when purchasing goods and services. There is a lowered VAT in Russia on certain things such as food, shoes, some medical items, and children’s clothes. This is 10%. On other necessary items, including education, medical items, public housing, and traditional financial products, zero Russian VAT applies. Russian VAT also applies to imports but not typically exports, and goods always include the VAT in the price.
Can you get a refund on VAT?
Foreigners must pay VAT in Russian on all purchases. This is not possible if you live in Russia, but it is an option for visitors. To be eligible, you must hold a passport issued by a foreign country outside the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU – Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and shop at selected retailers officially communicated by the Ministry of Industry and Trade (Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации, also known as Минпромторг, Minpromtorg).
The minimum purchase amount is 10,000 p. per retailer per day at a differential refund rate as follows:
- Up to 20% on a wide variety of goods including fashion, technology, watches, and jewelry
- Up to 10% on other goods including food, medicine, and books
You’ll need to ask the store for a VAT check or refund form. A customs officer must then stamp this at the airport or port you depart through. The officer will ask to see your ticket, purchase receipts, and may want to inspect the goods you’ve bought. These should ideally have their original tags or labels intact.
You can take your validated form to a VAT refund office or agency to get your money. Refunds come either in cash or via a refund to your credit card. Several agencies have the authority to refund VAT taxes in Russia, including Premier Tax Free, Global Blue, National Operator Tax-Free, and Hi Sky.
If you’re leaving Russia but traveling within the EEU, you won’t be able to claim a refund.
Who pays taxes in Russia?
Any foreigner who receives an income from a Russian source has to pay personal income taxes in Russia. If you live in the country for more than 183 days per year and have been granted a legal Russian residency permit, your tax liabilities are lower than those of non-residents.
Individual businesses such as freelancers, contractors, and consultants pay personal income tax on their business income whether it arises from a Russian source or from overseas.
International corporate organizations have to pay tax at a flat rate of 20% on profits plus withholding tax.
When do Russian taxes apply?
Any tax resident of the Russian Federation, even if they only receive income from outside Russia, must pay Russian tax on that income. However, if an individual is non-resident or changes their tax status to non-resident during the tax year and remains so until the end of the tax period, they do not have to file a declaration and no taxes are due concerning income received outside Russia, even income received prior to obtaining non-resident status.
Russian taxes can apply in the following situations:
- Registered individuals, such as freelancers and self-employed workers in Russia, who conduct business without forming a separate legal entity.
- Notaries and lawyers in private practices must pay Russian tax on any income received for these activities.
- Individuals who have received remuneration through civil contracts with other individuals who are not tax agents must declare that income. This includes income from contracts for rental or leasing agreements.
- Those who have sold a private property must declare that income.
- Workers who have received income without a tax agent, such as an employer withholding appropriate taxes, must declare the value of this income.
- All lottery winnings, or winnings from any other games of chance, must be declared, no matter the amount.
- Income earned from ownership of intellectual property rights must be declared.
- Finally, individuals who have received gifts from private individuals who are not family members must declare their inheritance.
Double taxation and treaties
Expats residents in Russia can claim a foreign tax credit against their Russian tax liabilities if they are covered by a relevant Double Taxation Treaty (DTT). Russia has signed DTTs with more than 80 countries. The credit may not exceed the amount of tax payable in Russia.
In order to claim the tax credit, individuals will need to provide supporting documentation along with the tax declaration within three years after the reporting period.
In 2018, Russia became one of over 100 countries to implement the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) system, which allows the country’s government to seek information on any bank account held anywhere by any Russian citizen or any holder of a Russian residency permit.
The aim of the AEOI and the related Common Reporting Standard (CRS) is to find and reduce or eliminate the number of people who use secretive offshore tax avoidance schemes and who fail to declare foreign income or gains in hope that the relevant tax authorities simply will not find out. As such, bank account information is automatically shared across countries.
In most cases, financial institutions located in countries where the CRS and AEOI are in place must inform their account holders that they will share information with the relevant authorities.
Russian tax system and foreign pensions
Russia does not provide for special exemptions for foreign pension income. Therefore, tax residents are liable to pay Russian income tax on their foreign pension, although non-residents do not do so, even if the money is remitted to Russia.
Since there are no wealth and net worth taxes in Russia, no tax applies in cases where someone inherits a foreign pension or receives it by transfer. The Russian tax resident heir, however, would be subject to tax regarding income from a foreign pension scheme and potential profits of the pension vehicle.
Russia does not provide tax relief for residents on contributions to a foreign pension scheme.
Income tax rates in Russia
As of January 2021, tax residents pay a 13% tax rate on an annual income of up to 5 million p. Income above this limit is subject to 15% taxes. Meanwhile, Russian-sourced income is taxed at 30% for non-residents. Self-employed persons pay 4-6% on turnover. It is not possible to file joint returns when paying taxes in Russia.
Tax rates for Russian residents
Those who hold official residency in Russia pay 13% or 15% in income tax on their salary, dividend income, rental income from property, foreign exchange gains, and gains from exercising stock options. From January 2021, both residents and non-residents pay 13% income tax on interest accrued on deposits exceeding 1 million p., multiplied by the Bank of Russia key rate. For example, in 2021, the amount of non-taxable interest is 42,500 p.
If you are employed, the company you work for is responsible for registering your taxable income with the Russian tax authorities and deducting tax from your salary. Expats who receive some of their income in benefits pay tax based on the market value of the benefit as a rule.
Tax rates for non-residents in Russia
Basically, anyone who spends less than 182 days a year in Russia is a non-resident and must pay personal income taxes at the general flat rate of 30% on income generated within the Federation. Such Russian source income includes remuneration for activities and services performed in Russia regardless of the location of the paying entity, remuneration of directors of Russian companies, interest, and income from property located in Russia. Dividend income from Russian companies is taxed at 15%.
Non-residents will be taxed in Russia at a rate of 30% for the first 183 days, even if you are on a 12-month contract. If you receive official residency or stay longer than 183 days, you can reduce your tax liability to the progressive Russian tax rate and recoup any over-payment in the interim period.
Some foreign non-residents may be eligible for the Russian progressive tax rate. This applies to nationals of EEU member countries working in Russia. The 13% or 15% rate also applies to nationals of other countries who are Highly Qualified Specialists. They typically have work experience, skills, or accomplishments in a specific field and receive a monthly salary of at least 167,000 p. (with certain exceptions).
Russian income tax deductions
Official residents can reduce their Russian income tax bills via deductions and allowances. These are typically not available to non-residents. Therefore, deductions only apply to earnings subject to the progressive Russian tax rate. They are not applicable to taxes you pay at any other rate. You can file declarations for tax deductions at any time throughout the year.
Some examples of when deductible expenses are available include buying property in Russia, paying tuition fees, medical treatment, or making payments to charity.
The main deduction from income taxes in Russia applies to children. The exemption starts from 1,400 p. for the first two children and goes up to 3,000 p. for a third and each subsequent child. It does not matter where the children live when applying for this tax deduction. However, to qualify for a deduction of child tax, you must be earning a cumulative annual income of less than 350,000 p.
Individuals may also deduct the costs of their own education in licensed institutions (within limits) and for their children’s education (up to 50,000 p. per child).
Donations to certain non-commercial organizations (from 2012) and charities are deductible from taxable income (within the limit of 25% of all income subject to 13/15% tax rate).
When buying property in Russia, foreign tax residents can apply for a once-in-a-lifetime tax deduction of up to 2,000,000 p. plus the amount of interest of up to 3,000,000 p.
How to file your income tax return in Russia
There are several ways to file a tax return in Russia. The easiest method is online, although there are also options to pay personally at the Russian tax office or through a Russian bank account. You can also use an authorized company and pay an administration fee.
You should keep copies of the payment documents and any other tax-related documents for up to four years. Also, after submitting a tax declaration, the taxpayer can contact the Russian tax authority to check if there are additional taxes, fees, or fines owed.
You may be required to attach the following documents to your Russian tax declaration:
- Copy of your passport
- Employer certificate for employee income received outside the RF, which must indicate the specific date of each payment
- A notarized power of attorney if an individual is submitting the declaration through a legally authorized representative
- All support documentation for deductions, if claimed
You can file accounting documentation and tax returns online, at a tax office or via authorized operators. Only high-earning taxpayers are able to electronically file tax returns directly to the tax authority via special software. This is not available for use by the general public or small to medium-sized businesses.
According to Russian tax laws, relevant documents for the calculation and payment of taxes should be kept for at least four years.
Self-employed income tax rates in Russia
About 4 million people in Russia are self-employed, and many of these do not register as entrepreneurs. You will still need to pay the progressive income tax rate at 13% or 15%. Foreigners with a temporary or a permanent residence permit are eligible to register as an individual entrepreneur (индивидуальный предприниматель) or IP (ИП), in which case different tax rates apply.
As of 2019, a new experimental tax regime applies to the four regions of Moscow, Kaluga Oblast, and the Republic of Tatarstan. Subject to certain conditions, individuals and individual entrepreneurs may switch to this special tax regime and pay tax on professional income from some independent services at a rate of 4% or 6% irrespective of their tax residence status in Russia. Since January 2020, this new regime has been operational in a further 19 Russian regions.
Such IPs pay between 4–6% on their turnover as income taxes in Russia. The former rate applies when providing services to private individuals, while the higher rate is for companies. These rates only apply to entrepreneurs who earn less than 2.4 million p. per year, above which the 13% rate comes into force.
Property and wealth taxes in Russia
Russians and foreign nationals alike do not need to pay taxes when buying real estate or other assets. A foreign national can buy an apartment, a country house, a garage, and even land (for private housing or private subsidiary farming) except in border areas, regions with special regimes, forests, nature reserves, and closed administrative areas.
Net wealth and net worth taxes are not levied in Russia.
Russian property tax
Russian property tax is paid by the owners at a maximum rate of 2% of the value of the property, depending on the value of the property as determined on 1 January:
- Lower than 300,000 p: 0.1%
- 300,000–500,000 p: 0.1 to 0.3%
- 500,000 p+: 0.3% to 2%
In general, you pay Russian property tax annually as part of your tax return application. You can find more information on Russian property tax at the Russian tax authority.
However, there is a slight difference when it comes to land tax rates in Russia. Any owner of land and the property located on it pays the Russian tax rate set by local authorities. This rate is generally 0.3% of the land value regardless of whether the land is for housing or agricultural purposes. For land uses other than agricultural, residential, or utilities infrastructure, a tax rate of 1.5% can apply. The payment process is similar to that for property tax.
Taxes in Russia on rental income
Rental income gained by residents is taxed at the progressive rate, while non-residents are subject to a tax rate of 30%, which is typically withheld at the source. If such rental income is received by an international legal entity that does not have a permanent organization in Russia, such an entity is also subject to holding income tax on gross rentals at 30%.
Russian capital gains tax
There is no separate capital gains tax in Russia. Instead, gains from the disposal of property and assets are subject to income tax at the progressive rate.
Tax residents are eligible for a statutory exemption on all property sold during a calendar year. The exemption is limited to 1 million p. in the case of real estate and 250,000 p. for other property. Proceeds from the sale of real estate are excluded from taxation for both residents and non-residents if the property is owned for more than five years (with certain exceptions). From 2021, income from the sale of shares in Russian and foreign companies after five years of continuous ownership is exempt from tax.
Capital profits for non-residents in Russia are taxed at a flat rate of 20%. Taxable profits are the gross income or selling price without prior subtractions for purchase costs or other expenses.
Inheritance and gift tax rates in Russia
As of January 2006, there is no inheritance or gift tax in Russia. In case of death, heirs do not have to pay personal income tax for the deceased. Salaries owing to resident employees must be transferred to their heirs without taxes being withheld.
However, gifts of real estate, shares, and vehicles by non-family members are subject to personal income taxes in Russia of 13% or 15%, payable by the recipient. Gifts from immediate family – spouses, parents, grandparents, children, grandchildren, siblings and half-siblings – are exempt.
Gifts to non-residents are taxed at 30%.
Corporate tax rates in Russia
The benchmark rate of Russian corporate tax on profits is 20%. Companies are also taxed 13% on dividend profits. However, corporate taxes in Russia and allowable expenses vary depending on the company structure.
In the case of self-employed persons, note that individual entrepreneurs do not pay profit tax and are subject to personal income tax on their business profit.
Read more in our guide to Russian corporate tax.
Import and export tax rates in Russia
Import taxes in Russia apply to the majority of goods exceeding 5,000 p. in value. Since its official entry to the WTO in 2012, Russia has committed to implement all the provisions of the WTO, including an average tariff of 6.1% for goods. Imported goods that carry a higher customs tariff include finished products (15%), foodstuffs (20%), agricultural products.
For countries that have a special most favored nation (MFN) status, only base rates apply. Special exemptions also apply to some Commonwealth of Independent States countries. In addition to customs duties, import excise taxes ranging from 20% to 570% may apply for limited categories of products (e.g., luxury goods, alcohol and tobacco products, cars, diesel and motor oil, and other petroleum products).
More than 154 product lines attract export taxes in Russia, with rates that may reach 50%. They mainly concern energy products, ferrous and non-ferrous mineral ores, skins, and wood. There are no import and export taxes in Russia on specific merchandise such as transit goods, cultural valuables, and humanitarian aids.
All goods passing through Russian customs attract processing charges at a flat rate depending on value and quantity.
As an oil producer, Russia has some of the lowest-priced fuel in the world. Taxes on petrol and diesel, however, are levied at between 55–65%, although this can vary.
There are no departure taxes in Russia. However, the flight fee includes several other taxes and surcharges. The total amount varies depending on fluctuating oil prices and government policy. For an indication of what you can expect to pay, check out each airline’s website, as in the case of Aeroflot.
If your contract ends or you leave in the middle of the Russian tax year, you can file for a departure tax return at least one month before you leave the country permanently. Your should pay your personal Russian income tax during the 15 days after filing the tax return form.
Advice on tax rates in Russia
Although taxes in Russia appear straightforward, there are a number of exceptions and deductions available to resident and non-resident taxpayers alike. The tax system is fluid, and many legal requirements may not be applicable in practice thanks to additional exceptions.
There is also wide scope for interpretation. As such, it is advisable for expatriates to seek expert advice before determining the likely tax consequences and finalizing their returns.
American expats living in Russia can get help meeting their US tax obligations through Taxes For Expats.
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BeTreatwise.netCocoa LifePartnering with Fairtrade Foundationwww.cocoalife.org
Milk, Sugar, Cocoa Butter, Cocoa Mass, Whey Powder (from Milk), Glucose Syrup, Palm Oil, Invert Sugar Syrup, Emulsifier (E442), Flavourings, Dried Egg White, Colour (Paprika Extract), Milk Chocolate: Milk Solids 14 % minimum, Contains Vegetable Fats in addition to Cocoa Butter
Store in a dry place. Protect from heat.
|Nutrition||Per 100 g||Per 2 eggs (22.6 g)|
|Energy||2048 kJ||463 kJ|
|489 kcal||110 kcal|
|Fat||23 g||5.1 g|
|– of which Saturates||13 g||2.9 g|
|Carbohydrate||65 g||15 g|
|– of which Sugars||62 g||14g|
|Fibre||1.7 g||0.4 g|
|Salt||0.21 g||0.05 g|
*% reference intake of an average adult (8400 kJ / 2000 kcal)
For allergens including cereals containing gluten, see ingredients in bold.
Contains Eggs, Milk
Suitable for Vegetarians
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A cruise liner early Sunday morning lost control and smashed into tourist boat, the Michelangelo, as it was docking in Venice, Italy.
In the incident at least five people were injured. Initial reports indicate that the MSC Opera developed some mechanical failure while docking in the Giudecca canal.
It is reported that the hull of the ship has been damaged as it slammed into the dock before hitting the Michelangelo, but it is not currently known to what extent.
The MSC Opera, built in 2004, the 275m long liner has a capacity of 2,679 passengers.
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Why fintech is a key driver in sustainability—and how Switzerland can make an impact
“Sustainable Digital Finance” is the title of a white paper co-written by Thomas Puschmann of the University of Zurich in collaboration with Stanford University. It identifies the fintech revolution as a major factor in the drive to reach sustainable development goals. Tanya König of finance.swiss recently sat down with Puschmann to find out where we are in sustainable fintech and how Switzerland can play a leading role.
finance.swiss: What is the role of fintech, insurtech, and blockchain in the context of sustainability? And what is the major burden of accomplishing SDGs?
Thomas Puschmann: So over the past few years, we saw that sustainability as well as the fintech revolution were two drivers of the financial sector—transformation drivers that really shape the future of the financial system. Until now, they were very much in parallel, and what we observed in the past two or three years is that there was an intersection between the two. We could see that there were a couple hundred start-ups that were really focusing especially on that topic—providing solutions for environmental, social, and governance topics—by using technology for the financial sector, which was new at the time. And that brought us to the idea to write this paper and to look deeper into theory as well as the start-up sector to identify major trends.
And how can fintech, insurtech, blockchain, and sustainability innovation drive the economy toward a more sustainable and a more human concept of development?
As I said, it touches all three areas of the ESG spectrum, and you could think of various examples there. One from the financial sector itself is the area of impact investing, which gained attention over the past years but was very much focused on client advisory relationships. And what we could also observe from the fintech world was the rise of the robo-advisor. So why not develop robo-advisors that focus on or integrate these sustainability factors in their core so that a client is able to decide whether he wants and can also invest in a sustainable firm. But for that he needs to know if that firm is really sustainable or not. That requires reliable data, which often is not there.
Another example is the lending sector. Banks, of course, also lend money to firms, but for that they need to know what firms are investing in sustainable solutions for the future. Take, for example, the value chain of a company. Today, we know the greenhouse gas emissions that a firm emits, these so-called scope 1 emissions and scope 2 emissions. Scope 1 are the ones that come out of your house; scope 2 are the ones that you purchase in the form of energy from your energy provider; but the scope 3, which very often make up to 75 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions, come from anywhere in the supply chain that you can’t control and don’t even know it. So you need data for that to decide if you want to lend money to such a firm. That’s another example. But that can also go into other sectors. For example, the energy sector that we touched on now is one that is currently also developing new payment infrastructures on blockchain-based solutions with which you are able to sell and even purchase energy from peer-to-peer. So if you have solar energy on your rooftop, then you can sell it to me and I can pay you any kind of currency that is based on the blockchain. It also has touchpoints to other industries as well, which is maybe not so obvious.
You also mentioned the start-ups that you looked at, so I’d like to hear more about the situation of those start-ups in Switzerland that combine sustainability and technology. What’s the status there?
We made an analysis on a global base. We identified a couple of hundred and saw that the leading countries in the world are the U.S. of course—because fintech is very common there and was one of the first countries where this emerged—but in second place we saw that Switzerland plays a major role, which was very surprising for us, and in the end also brought us to the idea that we could collaborate in this field. We found many start-ups touching all different areas from data-management solutions to impact investing. So there’s a broad set around. And just recently, Switzerland founded the Green Fintech Network, which is one of the first in the world that really wants to foster innovation in that area. That’s a really great achievement already, and I think it will grow in the coming years.
One of the critiques that we hear about academic research papers is that they don’t gather enough traction to materialize, but you propose a new approach. Can you elaborate on that?
One of the major challenges that we had, especially in Europe over the past decades or even centuries was that—compared to the U.S., for example, or to Asian countries—invention very often remains an invention and doesn’t get into the market, doesn’t get commercialized into products and services. And this is one of the major challenges we have because if you look at past then of course many inventions were made here but the start-ups went to the States, where they introduced and launched their products. So we think that with an innovation platform like this—which more tightly integrates these different faces of innovation, from academic research to where you put it into practice and spin-of start-ups and even incubate them—is something that hasn’t happened that much, especially in Europe. And with this kind of platform, where you have put together all the stakeholders and share the knowledge and expertise, I think it’s a more powerful tool.
So you’re working on that platform right now?
And is there any connection to the SIF Green Fintech Network?
Yes, we work together. Our Swiss FinTech Innovation Lab is part of the Green Fintech Network, so that’s why we are closely involved in that. And of course there are many touchpoints there as well.
In your white paper, you wrote that at least $5¬–7 trillion is needed in sustainable investments. How can the Swiss financial sector contribute to innovation and steer private capital to overcome these global challenges?
I think Switzerland has at least three layers of getting involved in that global challenge. The first one is that it is the biggest offshore capital market in the world. From a private banking view, there is a huge opportunity for people to invest their money in sustainable firms. Secondly, Switzerland is also a big investor in other countries, so if we have data of what the most sustainable companies and organizations are in these countries, we can make our investments more green, more social, more governance-compliant. And a third one is that Switzerland is very much an export-oriented country. We talked about these supply chains and most of our greenhouse gas emissions, for example, come from outside the country, 75 percent. It’s not within Switzerland. If we care about that—supply chains and value chains—more and more in the future, I think this is the third great opportunity for Switzerland to really make an impact.
Thomas Puschmann is the founder and director of the Swiss FinTech Innovation Lab at the University of Zurich. He is also a member of the Swiss Innovation Council at Innosuisse and advises governmental and private organizations on strategic digitization initiatives.
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THC is the most commonly known and most powerful chemical found in marijuana.
Marijuana is identified by its two active ingredients or chemicals: THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol). THC is the psychoactive chemical that affects how you feel by creating the “high.”
The amount and strength of THC depends on a number of factors
, including the strain of cannabis and the conditions in which the plant grows. THC is also the best studied of the cannabinoid compounds in marijuana.
When marijuana is taken into your system by either smoking or eating it, the chemicals it contains are introduced directly into your body. But how THC is delivered is only one part of the equation, the other is how it affects you.
The most immediate effects of THC may be sensory or mood-changing, but there are other side effects that you should know about.
How Does THC Work?
(Photo: Steve Photography/Shutterstock)
There are several ways of consuming marijuana: smoking, vaporizing
(“vaping”) or ingesting it by mouth as an edible
is the most common way of using marijuana and the fastest way of delivering THC and the other chemicals into the body. When marijuana is inhaled
, THC goes directly to the lungs and enters the bloodstream.
The lungs are able to absorb the smoke just seconds after inhalation, due to their enormous surface area covered with millions of air sacs. These tiny air sacs (alveoli) readily enable THC to enter the bloodstream. Once in the blood, THC quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters the brain.
offer an inhalable alternative to smoking by heating and turning the active chemicals in marijuana into a vapor. Like smoking, once vaporized and inhaled, THC enters the bloodstream and reaches the brain seconds later.
(baked goods, teas, or tinctures
) tend to be high in THC potency and strength. When edibles are eaten, THC is slowly absorbed into the bloodstream by the digestive system.
Edibles may last longer and feel more intense than smoking or vaporizing. While the effects
of inhaling THC will last from 45 minutes to a few hours, edibles can last for 6 to 8 hours or more.
THC and Your Brain
When THC enters the brain, it stimulates cells to release dopamine. THC also activates pathways called cannabinoid receptors
, which can affect the brain in many ways.
The effects of THC include an initial relaxed and mellow feeling, eyes may dilate and other senses may be enhanced. Other reported effects include a mix of feelings such as elation or happiness, anxiety or unease, relaxation and, when used medicinally, pain relief.
THC can also change thinking, memory, perception of time, and cause hallucinations or delusions. The more immediate
effects of THC are typically felt 10 to 30 minutes after consumption.
These initial effects on the brain may wear off in an hour or two, but the chemicals themselves stay in the body much longer.
of marijuana or the length of time it stays in the body ranges from 24 hours to 10 days, depending on the amount of THC consumed.
What are the Psychoactive Effects of THC?
(Photo: Subbotina Anna/Shutterstock)
Marijuana is one of the most common
recreational drugs used to alter a person’s state of mind. It is often used to achieve immediate feelings of euphoria
, or the proverbial “high.”
Psychological/psychoactive effects of THC include:
- Feelings of euphoria and relaxation
- Time distortion
- Intensification of sensory experiences (e.g. while watching TV or listening to music)
- Increased socialization (laughter and being talkative)
- Increased appetite (the “munchies”)
Besides the high, there are other psychological effects of THC as well. These effects vary from person to person, depending on the strength and amount of marijuana used and how it is taken.
The overall effect that THC has when consumed is a form of intoxication
with generally positive feelings.
What are the Side Effects of THC?
Along with the positive feelings that marijuana creates, there are negative side effects that can occur. Immediate effects
of marijuana include not only changes in behavior and mood, but physical effects too.
Common side effects of THC include:
In severe cases/overdose:
- Cognitive impairment (memory and attention)
- Motor impairment (coordination, reaction time, driving)
- Anxiety or panic attacks
- Increased heart rate
- Red/bloodshot eyes
- Dry mouth
- Sedation or drowsiness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Psychosis (paranoia, delusions or hallucinations)
The most unpleasant and common side effect associated with occasional marijuana use is anxiety or panic reactions.
Marijuana use can also
have a negative impact on short-term memory, attention span, motor skills, reaction time and skilled activities like driving.
Generally speaking, recreational doses of THC can affect driving performance similar to that of alcohol use. Studies on the effects of marijuana on driving have shown more modest impairment because cannabis users tend to be more aware of their intoxication.
In extreme cases (such as overdose), consuming THC can lead to severe effects
such as nausea, paranoia, agitation or hallucinations.
Certain side effects of marijuana are more common than others. Frequent users can also develop a tolerance
and may experience less side effects as a result.
What are the Long-Term Effects of THC?
(Photo: Juliana Coutinho/Flickr)
THC can have possible long-term effects for those who are chronic or regular cannabis users.
Possible long-term effects of THC include:
- Lung problems (such as bronchitis)
- Heart problems
- Cognitive impairments
In heavy users of cannabis, traces of THC may be detected weeks after they stop taking it.
Additionally, some changes or decline
in cognitive skills may not reverse themselves even after cessation or stopping cannabis use.
Marijuana smokers may suffer
from daily cough, phlegm, more constant cold and/or bronchitis. Smoking marijuana can also compromise the lung’s immune defenses and increase
the risk of infection.
Smoking marijuana relaxes and enlarges the bronchial passageways in the lungs. While not all cannabis users experience serious lung conditions, some of the more common respiratory ailments may result from irritation of the airways and chronic use.
The smoke from marijuana itself contains
50 to 70% more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than tobacco smoke. So far, however, no definitive links have been made between marijuana use and lung cancer.
Using a vaporizer
can decrease the amount of toxins delivered into the lungs and may limit some of the common respiratory symptoms experienced by cannabis smokers.
After ingesting marijuana, the heart rate can increase dramatically and remain elevated for up to 3 hours.
Cannabis smoking can increase heart rate by 20 to 100%, increase blood pressure while sitting and decrease blood pressure when standing.
with high blood pressure, heart arrhythmia or other cardiac disease, the risk of altered heart rhythms or heart attack may be increased.
Other Long-Term Issues
Chronic marijuana use has been associated
with ongoing impairments of attention, memory, decision making, and social behavior.
There is evidence that these effects
are also dose-dependent. In other words, longer and earlier exposure to THC may lead to greater deficits.
Heavy marijuana use may also contribute to lower expectations and poor relationship choices.
Addiction and Withdrawal
THC is also potentially addictive, based on feelings of craving or seeking out marijuana even when there may be negative social consequences.
Repeated doses or intake of marijuana can lead to tolerance, which means less of the effects are felt and it takes a heavier or stronger dose to get the same euphoric feelings.
Long-term marijuana users may experience withdrawal symptoms if they stop using it. These include irritability, decreased appetite, sleeplessness, drug craving and anxiety.
What Happens If You Ingest Too Much?
(Photo: Roxana Gonzalez/Shutterstock)
Over the past few decades, the average THC content of cannabis has increased
as well as the potency or strength of the cannabis being used today.
Stronger strains of marijuana may increase your exposure to THC and the risk of adverse side effects.
There are no reports of people fatally overdosing on marijuana. While too much marijuana does not lead to death, it can cause some very uncomfortable reactions, especially when associated with high THC levels.
Severe Side Effects
Severe side effects such as unease, shaking and, in rare cases, an extreme psychotic reaction may result from ingesting THC and may lead some to seek treatment
at a hospital emergency room.
Psychotic symptoms (paranoia, delusions or hallucinations) resulting from an overdose of THC generally last for a short duration
, but some cases of overdose have been known to last for several days.
This is usually caused by overconsumption and often follows from the ingestion of an edible. It’s all too easy to eat a couple of cookies or baked goods infused with cannabis extract without realizing how much THC is being consumed.
Another way of inhaling marijuana is by dabbing. THC-rich resins are extracted from the cannabis plant and various concentrates like hash, butane honey oil, wax, budder or shatter are created to consume.
These concentrates have the potential to deliver extremely large amounts of THC to the body and could result in more severe effects.
How To Prevent Overdose
To avoid a THC overdose, be sure of the amount
that is being taken and keep it low, especially when unsure about the cannabis product.
Drink lots of water to offset some of the uncomfortable effects like dry mouth
and take it in a place where it feels safe to do so. Avoid combining cannabis with other drugs or alcohol.
To check for an overdose, the person’s heart rate and other vital signs like breathing should be monitored. Always consult with a health professional before consuming THC.
When considering cannabis, users should be aware of both the positive and negative effects of THC.
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One of the drawbacks that investors fear when working with a financial professional is the fees associated with their services that can cut into their investment costs, especially individual investors with limited resources to waste.
However, as of recent, many reputable firms, managers, and advisers in the finance industry have traded their usual sales commissions charges for a simple asset-based fee, which is determined by the value of your fund.
Table of Contents
Beware of load and asset-based fees
Just note, as an investor, you will still also be required to pay expenses associated with the operating costs of your account, such as a load fee when you acquire or sell the asset.
In some cases, you will also be charged annual 12-b1 fees for portfolio management or advisory fees.
Even in the case of no-loads, unless it states that is a 100% no-load asset, it will still include asset-based fees; however, they are simply disclosed in tiny print at the bottom of the page, which you are most likely to overlook.
And even then, there is no cost breakdown for the annual management fees associated with the portfolio’s activity.
The same is often true concerning no 12b-1 fees accounts.
Examples of cumulative net returns
For instance, a cumulative net return on $50,000 with a 9% annual return on a no-load, no 12b-1 fees account totals just $53,750 the first year due to an underlying asset-based fee of 1.5% fee.
However, the same $50,000 initial investment in a 100% no-load account equals $50,000 at the start and then $54,000 after year 1.
To view this same example in terms of the cumulative net return on an investment involving a $50,000, 9% annual return, no-load, no 12b-1 structure with a 1.5% underlying asset-based fee, calculations show that it totals just 7.5% for the first year and only 24.2% in year 3.
On the other hand, the cumulative net return on investment for $50,000 with an annual rate of return of 9% for a 100 no-load structure yields 9% in year one and then totals 29.4% after year 3.
The impact of front-end load fees
Meanwhile, front-end load fees, which is the cost account managers charge for the
acquiring of new shares in a portfolio, can also eat away at your investment.
To see how it also affects your account, let’s say you have the same $50,000 investment with a 9% annual rate of return, which includes a 0.25% 12b-1 fee and a 5.75% front-end load fee.
The initial $50,000 cumulative net return totals $47,125 and by year 1, it totals $51,248 compared to the $50,000 initial investment and $54,000 year 1 total of a 100% no load investment.
In another example involving a disclosed asset-based cumulative fee of 1% on an initial $50,000 investment with a 9% annual return, by year 3, it totals $62,986 compared to the same initial investment and rate of return in a 100% no-load structure; however, it totals $64,715 in year 3.
Fees affect your return on investment
Hence, we see using these examples that not all investment structures are created equal, which ultimately affects your portfolio management costs and thus your return on investment.
In essence, it also reveals that even no-load and no 12b-1 fees structures are not always what they advertise. So if you are really looking to save on asset management-based fees, go with a 100% no-load structure for the most favorable cumulative return.
A few exceptions
If you have a portfolio with a net worth in the millions, then it may be justified to pay asset-based fees for the level of skills required to keep your investment at peak performance.
Likewise, if you make a lot of trades within your equity portfolio, it requires more work on the manager’s behalf.
So it justifies the fees, especially if their advice leads to effective investment strategies that consistently turn out to be profitable.
However, if you only have a few shares in an equity fund or the majority of your shares are in mutual funds, then asset-based fees may not be worth it for you because managing these types of investments isn’t as complicated.
Instead, you may consider simply researching personal investment resources to help manage your own assets and save on fees.
Select the right investment structure for you
Overall, it is up to the investor to select an investment structure that best meets their goals and risk tolerance, etc.
However, you may also consider seeking your fund manager’s recommendation on the best asset allocation strategy for your objectives to help make the most profitable selection.
You may also find that over time, your investment goals have changed, such as if you have added a large number of assets to your portfolio to rebalance it, in which case you will need to adjust your strategy to meet your current goals.
Likewise, as time goes on, you may also find that your risks have changed, in which case you may also consider a new strategy for diversification to help mitigate these risks.
All of which can be done without costly asset-based fees, with the exception of precious metals since the IRS requires a designated depository to hold it. Check our guide on choosing the best gold IRA company if your interested in that asset.
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By Jewel Topsfield
ONE in 10 jobs is expected to be slashed from the Immigration Department in this month's federal budget.
Despite the recent surge in boat arrivals, about 700 jobs will be cut from the department, which has 7000 staff in 100 locations in Australia and worldwide.
The skilled migrant intake — slashed by 14 per cent in March to protect local jobs — is likely to be cut further in the budget. But Australia's refugee intake will increase by 250 to 13,750, as projected in last year's budget.
Immigration Department managers have been asked to discuss voluntary redundancies with staff and some cuts will come from natural attrition. Involuntary redundancies are also a possibility.
The department will also have to shave more than $50 million from its $1.1 billion annual budget, $20-$30 million from IT savings alone.
But despite the savings required, the department has to spend millions of dollars processing asylum seekers on remote Christmas Island, which is 2600 kilometres from Perth.
More than 200 people, including interpreters, lawyers and 38 department staff are on the island to support the 270 asylum seekers. The cost of a return ticket on a commercial flight to Christmas Island from Perth is almost $2000.
The Community and Public Sector Union has accused the Rudd Government of hypocrisy for slashing its own workforce while urging private sector bosses to retain staff.
The Government imposed a 3.25 per cent "efficiency dividend" this financial year, requiring each department to cut spending by that percentage.
With a drop in the skilled migration intake, it is believed many of the cuts to Immigration Department staff could fall in visa-processing areas.
Less than a year after increasing the skilled migrant intake to record levels, the Rudd Government responded to the global financial crisis by reducing the intake from 133,500 to 115,000 for the 2008-09 financial year.
That will be cut further in the budget, believed to be to fewer than 110,000.
Employer applications for 457 visas have also slumped because of the global financial crisis.
Immigration Department secretary Andrew Metcalfe warned staff in March in a leaked memo that the department needed to reduce its budget. "We have to start acting now to identify savings and reduce expenditure," he said.
The latest cuts come on top of about 250 job losses last year.
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Football points will be scored in many alternative ways, together with catching a pass over the purpose line, carrying the ball over the goal line, tackling a football player in his own end zone, or a kicker kicking the football by means of the aim posts on the opposing side. The football team with the highest rating when the game is over is the staff that wins the game. American football can be performed in different countries outside the United States. Their are National football leagues that are in Sweden, Isreal, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom as well as Mexico, and some which are in Pacific Island nations. The NFL had a developmental league in Europe from ninety one-92 and ninety five-06.
American football history could be found in the early versions of soccer and rugby. Both types of games have origins in different types of football that was played in the UK from the mid 19th century, in which the ball was run over a line or the ball was kicked on the goal. American football as well as soccer is played with 22 gamers on the sector that they play on. Some phrases from participant positions from soccer are used today in American football reminiscent of fullback and halfback.
Rugby and American football do have a few main differences, a few of the rule adjustments have been began by Walter Camp who people would call the Father of American Football. Some of the Major changes that Walter Camp made had been down and distance and line of scrimmage as well as the rule of down and distance. College coaches like Glen Pop Warner, Amos Alonzo Stagg and Knute Rockne within the late nineteenth and 20th centuries modified the gameplay by intoducing the forward pass. College football grew in popularity and was the dominant version of football for the first a part of the 20th century. College football had a huge nationwide audiences with the football Bowl games. College football had huge rivalries because it does at this time within the United States.
From the yr 1892 the origin of professional football could be traced back to, with a $500 contract to play football William “Pudge Heffelfinger played football for the Allegheny Athletic Affiliation taking part in in opposition to the Pittsburgh Athletic Club. The american Skilled Football began in 1920. The first football game was played in 1920 in Dayton, Ohio on the 3rd of October with the Triangles winning the game by a rating of 14-10 towards the Columbus Panhandles. Two years later the football league changed the name to National Football League which is known as the NFL and would turn into the main league of American football. Professional football ultimately grew to become a national phenomenon after starting out the sport in the US industrial cities and Midwestern towns. Football after it’s NFL Championship Game in 1958 grew in popularity, the game that was often known as the “Greatest Game Ever Played. The American Football League also known as the AFL started in 1960 a rival football league to the National Football League, with the pressure it put between the 2 football leagues before the merger of the two leagues is how the beginning of the Super Bowl game began. The Super Bowl turned out to be the most watched television occasion every year within the United States.
In the event you loved this information and you would want to receive more details concerning 토토사이트 kindly visit our own web site.
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The Kenyan government on Friday announced a raft of measures to maintain social distancing between people in a bid to contain the coronavirus pandemic.
Among the measures is that starting Monday next week, all bars, social places and entertainment joints will be closed at 7.30pm (East African Time) until further notice.
During operational hours, such facilities must define the number of people in those public spaces so as to strictly follow regulations on social distancing of 1.5 metres apart between persons.
The public transport vehicles have been directed to also implement the social distancing requirement where 14-seater vehicles (locally known as matatus in the East African nation) will be required to carry 8 people.
The 25-seater vehicles will henceforth ferry 14 passengers while those with a capacity of 30 persons will be required to transport 60 percent of their space.
Supermarkets have been encouraged to open doors to the public for 24 hours and request the government to provide security for their premises.
However their managements were directed to control the number of shoppers entering such places.This will be done based on the size of the supermarket. This regulation also applies to the eateries.
According to the Kenyan health minister Mutahi Kagwe, preferences should be accorded to the elderly, expectant mothers and People With Disabilities.
This even as such places were encouraged to come up with innovative ways to deliver services to their customers at home.
“Supermarkets and eateries also will be required to disinfect their premises regularly.This even as vegetable markets must ensure their goods are displayed at a raised platform,” the minister said.
Both private and public hospitals will effectively restrict the number of people visiting patients.
“The next two weeks are going to be critical in the fight against coronavirus pandemic.However the government is prepared for all the scenarios including the worst cases,” Kagwe added.
He revealed that a total of 44 people have been given a clean bill of health and were released from hospital after being in isolation for 14 days.
Additionally, he said the government is awaiting results on four patients admitted to Mbagathi Hospital, as one tested negative and is being prepared for discharge.
The seven who tested positive for the coronavirus are continuing with treatment but in stable condition he said.
According to the minister, authorities were forced to move in and pick an individual from the coastal parts of the country and who had disobeyed directive to self isolate after it emerged that he had entered the country from abroad.
The minister also said that no plane will be allowed to fly in people from the “pandemic epicenter” countries if they are not Kenyans or foreigners residing and with work permits in the country.
He said this week Kenyan authorities returned certain foreigners to their countries of origin and who had jetted in the country on-board Ethiopian Airlines and the national career Kenya Airways.
He encouraged Kenyans to follow the directives keenly, saying the success or failure of the government in curbing the spread of the virus is highly dependent on individual responsibility.
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Marcus Miller, renowned American jazz musician, composer, producer and radio host was designated as a UNESCO Artist for Peace in 2013. Two-time Grammy-winner Marcus Miller is best known as an electric bassist, but he is also an accomplished keyboardist, clarinetist/ bass clarinetist. He has over 500 recording credits to his name on albums across a broad spectrum of musical styles, from jazz to R&B and opera, working with such legendary artists as Miles Davis, UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, Eric Clapton and many others. Miller began working with UNESCO in April 2012, when he took part in the first International Jazz Day.
In his capacity as UNESCO Artist for Peace, Marcus Miller supports and promotes UNESCO’s Slave Route Project, raising awareness about a phenomenon that has had a profound impact on the modern world, from religion and culture to the human rights movement.
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“Why are mitochondrial and Y chromosome DNA good for detecting distant ancestry?”
I've heard that mitochondrial and Y chromosome DNA are useful for finding out whether two people are distantly related, but what makes these types of DNA better than regular DNA for learning about someone's ancestry?
You heard right! Those two kinds of DNA can tell if you and I share the same relative from tens of thousands of years ago. The rest of our DNA, the autosomal DNA, is only really useful going back 5 or 6 generations.
DNA tests that look at ancestry or relatedness work by looking at changes in DNA over time. Most of your autosomal DNA changes pretty quickly.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and DNA from the Y chromosome (Y-DNA), on the other hand, stay very similar for long periods of time. This means we can trace these two DNAs much further back in time.
Y-DNA and mtDNA can’t tell you everything, though. Only males have the Y chromosome, so you can only trace back your paternal line. And mitochondrial DNA is handed down from mother to child, so it can only tell you about your maternal ancestors.
What I’ll do for the rest of the answer is explain why people from the same place tend to have some of the same DNA, especially Y-DNA and mtDNA. And how we can use differences in DNA to tell where someone came from.
A lot of this family might look unrelated if we just looked at mitochondrial DNA and Y-DNA. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)
Real Stick in the Mud
People from the same region tend to share more DNA than they do with people from more distant places. You can see these similarities in their DNA.
The reason for this is that way back when, people didn’t move around much.
Imagine a group travels from Africa to Europe and settles there. This is in fact what happened 100,000 or so years ago and is where all of the original Europeans came from.
For a long time, hardly anyone else moved in. Everyone’s DNA came from that same original set of explorers. So it is like your family but on a really big scale!
If this were all there was to it, it might not be enough to tell someone’s ancestry from their DNA. Everyone’s DNA would be too similar. You need one more thing—new DNA differences that spring up in one region and not another.
DNA Changes over Time
Part of the difference between someone from Africa and someone from Europe has to do with the fact that our DNA can and does change over time. Not a lot but enough to track.
Think of your DNA like a really long book. Centuries ago, before printing presses were invented, books were copied by hand by monks in monasteries. And the monks sometimes made mistakes during copying.
Imagine that a monk leaves to found a new monastery and takes one of these books with the mistake. Now every book from that monastery will have that same mistake.Any mistakes this monk makes in the manuscript he’s copying will end up in all of the copies of the new book, too. The same is true for our DNA and future generations. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)
The same thing happens with DNA. Mistakes can and do happen in the DNA as it is being copied inside your body, and those “mistakes,” called mutations, are handed down to future generations.
If a monk copying a book in Europe makes a mistake, all of the European copies of that book from that point on will have the same mistake. But these mistakes will probably be different than the mistakes made by monks in Africa, for example.
If an archaeologist found one of these books, he would be able to trace it back to the monastery it came from. If it has the mistake that the African monk made, it came from Africa. And if it has the European mistake, it came from Europe.
It’s the same with DNA. People that share ancestors from the same part of the world are more likely to have the same “mistakes” in their DNA. And we can trace where you are from by looking at these mistakes.
Looking Farther Back with Y-DNA and mtDNA
This is all well and good, but why can you trace the DNA from the Y chromosome and the mitochondria further back in time than you can with the rest of your DNA?
The reason has to do with something called recombination. This is basically some DNA shuffling that happens when DNA is passed from parent to child. All of your DNA gets shuffled up each generation… except for the mitochondria and Y chromosomes.
Let’s go back to our monk’s book. Something closer to reality would be if the monk always had two copies of the book, maybe one with the mistake and one without it. And before he passes it on to the next monastery, he takes pages from each to create a new book.
For example, he might take the first half of the book and combine it with the second half. Or maybe just chapter 1 from the first book and the rest from the second. Or basically any other possible combination.
Think of recombination like taking chapters from two of these books to make a new one. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)
Ok so now you have a book that may or may not have the mistake. So because of this page shuffling, some of the time you couldn’t tell that the book came from the European monastery even though it did.
This sort of thing happens in people, too. Our DNA is broken up into 23 pairs of chromosomes. You get one of each pair from mom and the other from dad.
Before you pass your DNA on to your child, DNA gets swapped between the two chromosomes in a pair. This happens generation after generation.
As you might imagine, the DNA gets hard to track over time. The only bits of our DNA that don’t do this are the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial DNA.
Only males have Y chromosomes, so they’re handed down from father to son with no swapping. Same with mitochondrial DNA, which is handed down from mother to child with no recombination.
Nuclear DNA is inherited from all ancestors while mtDNA is inherited from a single lineage. (Image: Berkeley Understanding Evolution)
This is why we can trace each so far back into the past. They do get the smaller mistakes we were talking about, but they don’t get garbled over time through recombination. But because of the way they’re inherited, mitochondria and the Y chromosome can’t tell you the complete story.
More than One Way to Skin a Cat
Y-DNA and mtDNA are pretty good for answering questions about ancestry. But they have some limitations.
A drawback with Y-DNA and mtDNA comes from how they are handed down between generations.
Since the Y chromosome is passed from father to son, you can only get information about paternal ancestors. A son can trace his Y-DNA back to his father and his father’s brothers and his father’s brother’s son. And back to his father’s father and his brothers and sons and grandsons and so on.
But he learns nothing about his mom’s ancestry from the Y chromosome. And nothing from his dad’s mom’s ancestry and so on. Huge amounts of his ancestry are completely invisible using Y-DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA is similar because it is passed down from mother to child. So looking at mtDNA can only give you information about your mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, and so forth.
Also, these types of DNA aren’t as good for finding out if people are closely related, like parents and their children, or siblings. Too many people share identical versions of these types of DNA.
The good news is, there are other sorts of DNA tests that are way better at this. These tests use something called autosomal DNA, which is the other 22 pairs of chromosomes besides X and Y. And this autosomal DNA can be used to look at ancestry, too. You just have to look at a lot of places in the DNA.
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Reviewed for Readers' Favorite.
The Dance of the Spirits, by Catherine Aerie, is the story of Jasmine Young who is raised in a well-to-do home in China. Her life is punctuated by experiences of wealth and plenty on the one hand, and family misery on the other. Throughout Jasmine’s young years, her mother continually encourages (bullies?) her to become a doctor so that she will be self-sufficient and not have to depend upon an unfaithful man, as has Jasmine’s mother. Into the mix of family life is added Tin-Bo, a street waif whose ability to learn quickly makes him a favorite from amongst the servants, of Jasmine’s mother, various younger sisters to Jasmine who are the consequences of her father’s philandering, and the mothers of those younger sisters who seek to cause division in the Young home. When communism comes to China, Jasmine, to save her family’s honor, goes to war in Korea. While there, she meets the American, Wesley. Through the death and misery of a war-torn land, Jasmine and Wesley find love, while Tin-Bo concludes that Jasmine is to be his or she is to belong to no one else.
On the surface, The Dance of the Spirits is a story of love and of war, but on a deeper level, it is a story of the misery that the communist ideology brought to millions of souls in the twentieth century. Whether that philosophy is related to nationalism, internationalism or faith, Catherine Aerie reminds readers in The Dance of the Spirits, that when a system that will entertain no contradiction in thought or deed comes to power, no one is safe—and no one is free. Aerie draws a vivid picture of war and its price and a tender image of love. This is a story to be read not so much with an expectation of being entertained, as with an eye toward seeking a meaning greater than just that of the lives and events that visit its pages.
Learn more about Catherine Aerie on GoodReads here.
The Dance of the Spirits is available on Amazon here and at Barnes and Noble here.
Review also posted on GoodReads and BookLikes, added to two review groups on Google+ and at Facebook. Cover pinned.
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What are Fruit Flies?
The term fruit fly may refer to any number of several different organisms, including the olive fruit fly, Queensland fruit fly, melon fly, common fruit fly, and Asian fruit fly. While the first three are large and colorfully marked, the latter two on the list are generally smaller. Fruit flies not only eat rotting food, but they use it to lay their eggs, laying as many as 500 at a time. In addition, fruit flies have a lifespan of only 40 to 50 days. These pests may be found in homes near spoiling food or inside of drains, as well as outside near garbage areas or compost piles, and near any outside drains if they are present.
Frequented Areas of Fruit Flies
Though the native habitat of fruit flies is a tropical climate, this pest has been introduced to almost every climate and region of the world. More specifically, fruit flies may be found in grocery stores, homes, restaurants, and any other place that food may be spoiling or rotting. An infestation may be more noticeable in the summer months because the heat compounds the speed of rotting, as well as the odor that is produced.
Identification and Physical Characteristics
Being a small fly, adults may only reach 3 to 4 mm in length. They are known to have red eyes or dark eyes with a tan colored thorax. The abdomen of fruit flies is black on top and gray underneath, and sometimes fruit flies may appear to be brown or tan in color.
Special Characteristics of Fruit Flies
Fruit flies are especially attracted to beer and wine. This is because they are attracted to fermenting products. Fruit flies also share 75% of the genes that cause disease, and their short lifespan lets scientists examine mutations and changes that may happen between their birth and death. Having only four pairs of chromosomes, there are three autosomal pairs and one pair determines the sex. The common fruit fly is best-known for its rapid reproduction.
Fruit flies do not feed on blood, and they do not have mouthparts that are capable of biting humans. Even if an infestation reaches numbers in the thousands, fruit flies are not a direct threat to biting people.
Removal and Preventative Procedures of Fruit Flies
To prevent an infestation of fruit flies, it is best to make sure that there are no rotting foods in or around a house or garbage can. If there must be old food in a garbage can, it would be beneficial for the lid to be a very tight fit to prevent the flies from entering and reproducing.
If there is a fruit bowl in the home that has some items going bad, the items need to be disposed of so that they do not attract the fruit flies. Placing the fruits or vegetables in the refrigerator will not only keep the items safe, it will prolong the life of the item just a bit.
It is notably difficult to get rid of fruit flies once they have invaded a home, as they are attracted to sugary and organic materials. Homeowners should take special care to regularly wipe down their counters and clean up spills as soon as they happen. Fruit fly infestations can be prevented by emptying trash bins regularly, as well. Recycling bins also need to be checked and cleaned intermittently.
If an infestation seems to be coming from a sink or garbage disposal, it is possible to use a bacterial digester in the drain to take care of any rotting material that may be stuck in the drain and contributing to the infestation. If a bacterial digester is not available, bleach down the sink drain may also be used in a pinch, though it does not usually stay in the drain for a long enough period of time. Individuals should also check mop water and even the mops themselves, as they may be a source that can be overlooked.
Terro Fruit Fly Traps may be purchased at a store to capture and kill fruit flies. These use a non-toxic food-based liquid that lures the flies inside the trap. Once inside, they cannot escape. These traps last up to 30 days, and within just a few days of using the trap, it is said that there will no longer be a fruit fly infestation.
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I have a number of shapefiles in a folder but some of them are empty i.e. there are no rows within the shapefile.
Is there a simple way to find those empty shapefiles using ArcPy?
Geographic Information Systems Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for cartographers, geographers and GIS professionals. It only takes a minute to sign up.Sign up to join this community
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At a recent presentation ceremony in Belfast, Oundle School pupil, Henry Worsley (13) was awarded first prize in the Cinemagic Young Filmmaker (under 15s) Competition. Henry received a glass trophy and £100 prize money towards his next film.
Entries can be about anything at all from fact or fiction, comedy or drama, news programme or documentary and Henry wrote, shot and edited a ten-minute short film entitled ‘Prevailing Lies’ – a short psychological thriller about a young girl suffering from depression who starts to question her reality.
Henry commented: “Ultimately, what I wanted to craft was a film which represented loneliness and fear of being different in an interesting philosophical light. The film stars my close family and friends, and was shot on a tight budget of only £200. I entered the competition with what I thought, an unlikely chance of even being shortlisted and was extremely surprised when it was announced, in Belfast, that I had won. The film will now be shown at next year’s Cinemagic International Film Festival, but even more importantly, it spurs me on all the more to pursue a career in the film industry.”
Liam Neeson and Piers Brosnan are both patrons of Cinemagic and at the festival in Belfast, participants enjoyed workshops and masterclasses with other renowned members of the film and TV industry.
Watch Henry’s film
Oakham School is also celebrating, after being presented with a Digital School Award by Baroness Joanna Shields. The school won the award for demonstrating how effectively it works to educate students and their families about e-safety.
Baroness Shields, the UK Minister of Internet Safety and Security, presented the Award at the Digital Families Conference, held in London. The conference saw experts discuss and debate how educators and parents can best help children to be safe online and to use technology effectively.
“It was certainly an honour to receive the award from Baroness Shields – who has spent over 25 years working with some of the world’s best-known technology companies,” says Viv Lamb, who co-ordinates PSHE at Oakham.
She continues: “Having our approach to digital education recognised is a fantastic achievement as we invest a lot of time ensuring our students and families are well-informed and engaged with this incredibly important topic. We try and blend in the eSafety education into as many different areas as possible – rather than seeing it as a discrete stand-alone topic. Ultimately we encourage our students to be considerate of how they treat others and communicate – regardless of whether this is face-to-face, online, via email or by text message. We work together, as a whole school to give the same clear information, message and support – regardless of whether this is in-house, in tutor group or in lesson.”
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Publication Date: 04-08-2022
The request by the United States, followed by Canada, for consultations regarding Mexican laws, policies and practices related to its energy sector is a major test for the dispute settlement procedures of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Though the U.S. and Canadian complaints are directed toward Mexico’s energy policies and treatment of private investors, the outcomes of the dispute will be crucial for the credibility of the agreement itself.
The USMCA governs the massive trade and investment relationship between the three countries, totaling more than $2.6 million in trade each minute. When the agreement turned two on July 1, U.S.-Mexico-Canada trade had surpassed pre-pandemic levels. It provided most of Mexico’s economic growth over the past two years.
Sigue leyendo aquí
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Like the start of a horror movie, ancient creatures are emerging from the cold storage of now-melting permafrost: from incredibly preserved extinct megafauna like the woolly rhino, to the 40,000-year-old remains of a giant wolf, and bacteria over 750,000 years old.
These fascinating glimpses of organisms from Earth’s long distant past are revealing the history of ancient ecosystems, including details of the environments in which they existed. But the melt has also created some concerns about ancient viruses coming back to haunt us.
“Melting will not only lead to the loss of those ancient, archived microbes and viruses, but also release them to the environments in the future,” researchers write in a new study, led by first author and microbiologist Zhi-Ping Zhong from Ohio State University.
Thanks to new metagenomics techniques and new methods for keeping their ice core samples sterilized, the researchers are working on getting a better understanding of what exactly lies within the cold.
In the new research, the team was able to identify an archive of dozens of unique 15,000-years-old viruses from the Guliya ice cap of the Tibetan Plateau, and gain insights into their functions.
“These glaciers were formed gradually, and along with dust and gases, many, many viruses were also deposited in that ice,” said Zhong. These microbes potentially represent those in the atmosphere at the time of their deposit, the team explains in their paper.
Past studies have shown microbial communities correlate with changes in dust and ion concentrations in the atmosphere, and can also indicate climate and environmental conditions at the time.
Within these frozen records of ancient times, 6.7 kilometres (22,000 feet) above sea level in China, the researchers discovered that 28 of the 33 viruses they identified had never been seen before.
“These are viruses that would have thrived in extreme environments,” said Ohio State University microbiologist Matthew Sullivan, with “signatures of genes that help them infect cells in cold environments – just surreal genetic signatures for how a virus is able to survive in extreme conditions.”
Comparing their genetic sequences to a database from known viruses, the team found the most abundant viruses in both ice core samples were bacteriophages that infect Methylobacterium – bacteria important to the methane cycle within ice.
They were most related to viruses found in Methylobacterium strains in plant and soil habitats – consistent with a previous report that the main source of dust deposited on Guliya ice cap likely originates from the soils.
“These frozen viruses likely originate from soil or plants and facilitate nutrient acquisition for their hosts,” the team concluded.
While the specter of ancient viruses seems particularly worrisome mid-pandemic, the greatest danger lies in what else the melting ice is releasing – massive reserves of sequestered methane and carbon. But it’s clear the ice could also hold insights into past environmental changes, and the evolution of viruses too.
“We know very little about viruses and microbes in these extreme environments, and what is actually there,” says Earth scientist Lonnie Thompson, who notes we still have many important questions unanswered.
“How do bacteria and viruses respond to climate change? What happens when we go from an ice age to a warm period like we’re in now?”
There is much still to be explored.
This study was published in Microbiome.
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PATC Map G - Trails in the Massanutten Mountain: Signal Knob to New Market Gap
Covering an area from Signal Knob to New Market Gap, PATC Map G details sections 19 to 22 of the Tuscarora Trail in George Washington National Forest and the 72-mile Massanutten Trail.
- Area covered is from Signal Knob to New Market Gap within Lee Ranger District
- Printed on water- and tear-resistant synthetic stock in 6 colors for excellent detail and durability
- 5 km full UTM grid permits easy plotting or extraction of coordinates for use with GPS units
- Provides enlargements of the Elizabeth Furnace campground, the Camp Roosevelt Recreation Area, Woodstock Tower area and Lions Tale Trail
- Includes an elevation profile of the Tuscarora Trail from the Appalachian Trail to Fetzer Gap
- Supplies textual information on George Washington National Forest
- Scale of 1:62,400; contour intervals of 100 feet
Made in USA.With the North Fork of the Shenandoah River on the western flank, and the South Fork on the eastern flank this U-shaped mountainous area encircles Fort Valley—an area selected by General George Washington as a location for a Continental Army last stand should there be an unfortunate turn of events during the American Revolutionary War.View all PATC Southeast Maps
State / Province
6 x 4 inches
32 x 19.25 inches
Potomac Appalachian Trail Club
1998, revised 2002
Loading Reviews... Loading Questions...
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Biological or Clinical Significance:
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; also know as IL-1F3) is a 22 – 25 kDa member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. It is an acute phase protein that exists to dampen inflammation. IL-1 (β) is initially produced by monocytes in response to a variety of stimuli. Circulating IL-1 then binds to widely expressed IL-1 type I receptors (IL-1 RI) and initiates a number of pro-inflammatory events. On endothelial cells (EC), IL-1 induces PGE2 and IL-6 release, generating fever, thrombocytosis, and hepatic acute phase protein production. In synovial joints, IL-1 induces chondrocyte nitric oxide production, an event that leads to reduced collagen synthesis and chondrocyte apoptosis. Finally, IL-1 increase neutrophil counts, both in blood and tissue, and thus is able to promote a pro-inflammatory environment in multiple locations. IL-1ra blocks IL-1 action through competitive inhibition. More correctly, although IL-1ra fills the IL-1 binding site in IL-1 RI, it is also unable to orchestrate the creation of a signal-transducing IL-1 RI:IL-1R Accessory protein (IL-1 R AcP) heterodimer complex. Effective IL-1ra concentrations are generally 100-fold greater than local IL-1 concentrations. This is because the IL-1ra half-life is but 6 minutes, and very few IL-1 type I receptors need to be engaged by IL-1 to elicit a cellular response.
Principle of Test Method:
The IL-1ra method is a solid phase ELISA designed to measure IL-1ra in cell culture supernates, serum and plasma. This assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique.
Jacques C, Gosset M, Berenbaum F, et al. The role of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in joint inflammation and cartilage degradation. Vitam Horm.
Danis VA, Millington M, Hyland VJ, Grennan D. Cytokine production by normal human monocytes: inter-subject variation and relationship to an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene polymorphism. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 99:303-310.
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A capacitive-type touch screen panel (TSP) composed of silver nanowire (AgNW) crossing electrodes and transparent bridge structures was fabricated on a polycarbonate film. The transparent bridge structure was formed with a stack of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) electrodes and SU-8 insulator. The stable and robust continuity of the bridge electrode over the bridge insulator was achieved by making the side-wall slope of the bridge insulator low and depositing the conformal AZO film with atomic layer deposition. With an extended exposure time of photolithography, the lower part of the SU-8 layer around the region uncovered by the photomask can be exposed enough to the UV light scattered from the substrate. This leads to the low side-wall slope of the bridge insulator. The fabricated TSP sample showed a large capacitance change of 22.71% between
touching. Our work supplies the technological clue for ensuring long-term reliability to the highly flexible and transparent TSP made by using conventional fabrication processes.
Touch screen panels (TSP) have been widely used in electronic devices such as TVs, mobile phones, and laptops.
The application area has been broadened with the increasing demand for intuitive user interfaces.
A resistive TSP senses the resistance change caused by the deformation of the TSP film.
It is possible to make a low-cost and high-resolution TSP with the resistive sensing mechanism. However, there are some difficulties in achieving multi-touch functionality, durability, and transparency. On the other hand, a capacitive TSP senses the capacitance change driven by finger capacitance.
The capacitive TSP is more costly in fabrication and more problematic to be made in large scale than the resistive counterpart. However, the capacitive TSP has its strength in high resolution and multi-touch functionality. With its multi-touch availability and also durability, the capacitive TSP is preferable in tablet PC and mobile phone applications.
A transparent electrode is another important component of a TSP. Several materials including indium tin oxide (ITO), graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and metal nanowires have been evaluated for fabricating transparent electrodes of a TSP.
Although ITO has been used most extensively for TSP electrodes thanks to its high transmittance and low resistance, its brittleness is a severe obstacle to being used as flexible TSP electrodes. Silver nanowire (AgNW) is considered to be one potential replacement for ITO for flexible TSP electrodes. In addition to flexibility, there are some other benefits obtainable by replacing ITO with AgNW such as material cost reduction, panel thickness reduction, higher transmittance, and higher touch sensitivity. Recently, the haze effect which is one weak point of AgNW has also been improved.
Thus, AgNW seems to be a quite promising candidate material for making flexible and transparent electrodes of TSP. There have actually been several experimental works reporting the fabrication of flexible and transparent TSP based on AgNW electrodes.
In this study, we fabricated a highly flexible and transparent capacitive TSP by using AgNW crossing electrodes and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) bridge electrodes formed on top of SU-8 bridge insulators. The continuity of the thin bridge electrode was improved significantly by reducing the side-wall slope of the bridge insulator with scattered-light exposure in the photolithography process. This scattered-light exposure can be an easily-applicable experimental method to ensure the reliability of any flexible TSP adopting bridge structures.
Among all the fabrication processes in our work, the most relevant process is the one for making flexible and transparent bridge insulators with low side-wall slope. In this section, we describe the entire process for fabricating a flexible and transparent TSP sample with a focus on the step to make bridge structures.
The fabrication flow consists of three major steps, which are the patterning of AgNW electrodes, the formation of bridge insulators, and the formation of bridge electrodes.
shows the entire fabrication flow together with the plane and cross-sectional schematic views of the patterned structure in each individual step. In the first step, an AgNW film coated on a polycarbonate (PC) film was patterned by using the conventional photolithography process to form driving electrodes (T
) and sensing electrodes (R
). The positive AZ5214E photoresist was used and the AgNW film on the developed area was etched with a commercial Aluminum etchant (Al ETCH TYPE A, TRANSENE Inc.). After etching, the remaining photoresist was removed with acetone. As shown in
, both T
electrodes contain diamond-shape patterns but only R
electrode diamonds are connected to their nearest neighbors by the connecting line in the first step. The touch sensing is accomplished by analyzing the capacitance change sensed by the R
electrode while a finite voltage is applied on the T
electrode. Here, R stands for “Receiver” and T “Transmitter”.
The entire processes of fabricating a flexible and transparent TSP. (a) Patterning AgNW electrodes, (b) Forming a transparent bridge insulator (SU-8), (c) Forming a bridge electrode (AZO) over the bridge insulator.
In the second step, the bridge insulator covering the connecting line of R
electrodes were formed in order to prevent the electrical connection between the T
Fig. 1 (b)
). The bridge insulator acts also as a capacitor for touch sensing. If using the conventional photolithography process, the side-wall of the bridge insulator is formed to be quite vertical, which makes it quite difficult to have the robust connectivity of the bridge electrode. It is necessary to keep the bridge electrode thin enough for high transparency of the TSP. Hence, the coverage of the bridge electrode over the bridge insulator with vertical sidewalls can be bad even when the electrode film is deposited with a conformal deposition method such as atomic layer deposition (ALD). This unstable film connection causes high resistance of the T
electrode. One efficient way to secure the connectivity of the bridge electrode is to form the bridge insulator with low side-wall slope. It was found that the low side-wall slope of bridge insulator could be achieved by utilizing the UV light scattered from the substrate during the exposure step of the photolithography process. We chose SU-8 as the bridge insulator material. SU-8 is a transparent negative photoresist which has been considered to be suitable for bridge insulators.
As shown in
, the SU-8 layer was first spin-coated over the patterned T
electrodes at 3000 rpm for 30 sec and its thickness reached ~500 nm. After soft-baking at 95 ℃ for 5 min, the coated SU-8 layer was exposed to UV light through a photomask and it was then hard-baked at 105 ℃ for 10 min. Lastly, the whole sample was dipped into SU-8 developer for 1 min so that the SU-8 layer unexposed to UV light was removed (negative photoresist).
shows how the UV light scattered from the substrate can affect the shape of the bridge insulator side-wall. The scattered light is weaker than the direct light collimated from the UV source. Thus, the scattered light is almost ignorable when the exposure time is optimally adjusted to entangle SU-8 polymers uncovered by the photomask. This exposure condition is normally preferred to get a sharp pattern identical to the photomask pattern by minimizing the effect of scattered light. In our work, however, the exposure time was extended intentionally to enhance the effect of scattered light. With the overdose of UV light, some part of SU-8 layer near the uncovered region can get enough scattered light to entangle SU-8 polymers. Since the scattered light propagates spherically outward from the scattering points on the substrate, the exposure to scattered light will be significant only in the lower part of the SU-8 layer around the uncovered region (
). Hence, the cross-sectional shape of bridge insulator after the developing step will be more like a trapezoid rather than a rectangle as shown in
. As the amount of overdose increases, the side-wall slope of bridge insulator becomes lower due to the lateral extension of the region exposed to the scattered light by the amount for entangling SU-8 polymers (
). The exposure time for overdose was determined to be 10 times the optimized exposure time for forming vertical side-walls. The optimized exposure time is estimated from the following relation.
(a) The fabrication flow of making a transparent bridge insulator with negative photoresist SU-8, (b) The exposure of the lower part of SU-8 layer around the area uncovered by the photomask to the UV light scattered from the substrate during photolithography process, (c) The cross-sectional shape of SU-8 bridge insulator depending on the exposure time.
Here, the required energy density is 100 mJ/cm
for SU-8 photoresist.
After the bridge insulator with low side-wall slope was formed, an AZO thin film was deposited on the sample surface by using ALD (LUCIDA D100 system, NCD Corporation, South Korea). The ALD deposition temperature of AZO film was set at 150 ℃ to protect the patterned AgNW electrode. It is known that the AgNW film should NOT be heated over 200 ℃ for its stability. The AZO film was deposited under constant N
flow (50 sccm) by using Di-Ethyl-Zinc (DEZ), Tri-Methyl Aluminum (TMA), and water (H
O) as precursors. One complete ALD cycle was composed of 0.2 sec pulse of DEZ and H
O followed by 10 sec pause and 0.2 sec pulse of TMA and H
O followed by 10 sec pause. Once all ALD cycles were completed, N
flow increased to 500 sccm and continued for 3 min as a post process. Two different Al doping concentrations (2%, 5%) were tested to find the optimal conductivity and visible light transmittance. The 2% doping was achieved with the ALD sequence of 49 DEZ cycles per one TMA cycle and the 5% doping with 19 DEZ cycles per one TMA cycle. Based on the working principle of ALD, the deposited AZO film is conformal and this is also beneficial for the good connectivity of bridge electrode. Finally, the bridge electrode was formed by patterning the deposited AZO film with the conventional photolithography and wet etching. For the wet etching process, the FeCl
etchant was used since it could etch the AZO film selectively without damaging the AgNW electrode.
is the cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the bridge insulator formed with low side-wall slope. The dotted red line is the boundary of the bridge insulator and the AgNW electrode. The thickness of the bridge insulator is around 500 nm in the flat area and it decreases gradually from the position where the side-wall slope begins down to the edge. The edge of bridge insulator does NOT have any abrupt jump in height, ensuring the continuous coverage of the bridge electrode deposited over it.
is the optical microscope image of a completed TSP sample. The image was captured in dark-field mode in order to make the transparent device structure visible. As designed in
, the R
electrode diamonds are connected with a thick connecting line. The T
electrode diamonds are connected with the rectangular bridge electrode formed over the square bridge insulator. The resistance between the T
electrode diamonds was measured to be 6.5 kΩ while the resistance between the Rx electrode diamonds was measured to be ~1 kΩ. The somewhat larger resistance between the Tx electrode diamonds is considered to be mainly due to the larger sheet resistance of AZO film than the AgNW film.
demonstrates how transparent the fabricated TSP sample containing an array of crossed R
(a) The cross-sectional SEM image of bridge insulator with low side-wall slope: The dotted red line is the boundary of the bridge insulator and the AgNW electrode, (b) The dark-field optical microscope image of fabricated TSP sample, (c) The photo demonstrating the transparency of fabricated TSP sample.
shows the operational principle of the fabricated TSP sample. Before touching the panel with a finger (
), the capacitance of the bridge insulator is measured while applying a voltage on the driving T
electrode. The electric field lines (black lines) are heading mostly to the R
electrode connecting line. When the panel is touched by a finger, the finger can act as another electrode and some electric field lines will go into the finger (
In this case, the amount of charges held by the bridge insulator becomes smaller and the capacitance of the bridge insulator is measured to decrease. The charges lost from the bridge insulator will be held by the protective layer covering the TSP. The measured capacitance of the fabricated TSP was 295 fF before touching and it decreased to 228 fF during touching. The rate of change was 22.71% which is quite enough to recognize the signal difference. The capacitance can be roughly calculated by the following equation assuming the parallel plate capacitor.
The schematic view of the working principle of capacitive TSP: The configuration of electric field lines and measured capacitances (a) before and (b) during touching.
The capacitor area (
) is calculated as the crossing area of bridge electrode and AgNW connecting line (188 μm by 94 μm).
is the thickness of the bridge insulator (500 nm) and
is its relative permittivity (3.2).
is the vacuum permittivity. The calculated capacitance is ~1.0 pF which is larger than the measured value. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is the following. During depositing the AZO bridge electrode by using ALD, the DEZ cycle deposits a very thin ZnO film. Although the Al-doping is done during the TMA cycle, the number of DEZ cycles is larger than that of TMA cycle. Hence, ZnO layers without Al-doping will be formed inside the bridge electrode. These ZnO layers will form the stacked capacitors which are connected in series to the bridge insulator. Accordingly, the effective capacitance of the entire structure including the bridge insulator and the ZnO layers will be smaller than the calculated value.
Since the area of the AZO bridge electrode on the fabricated TSP is too small to measure the optical transmittance through the electrode, we fabricated separate samples for measuring the transmittance of AZO film. Two 1cm by 1cm PC films each of which had an AgNW film coated on the surface were prepared. AZO films with two different Al-doping concentrations (2%, 5%) were deposited by using the same ALD processes for the TSP sample fabrication.
shows the measured transmittances of the AZO/AgNW/PC stacks in the visible light range by using a UV-vis NIR spectrometer (Agilent). The transmittance difference for different Al-doping concentrations is not significantly large in the visible light range. In actuality, the 2% doped AZO film has slightly larger transmittance in the visible light range, which is to be expected for lower doping concentration. However, both films are adequate for the bridge electrode of highly transparent TSP. The sheet resistance of 2% doped AZO film was measured to be ~140 Ohm/sq and that of 5% doped AZO film be ~130 Ohm/sq. It seems that the actual Al doping of ZnO during ALD deposition is not quite tunable due to the solubility limit of Al in ZnO. The electrical properties of both films are also good enough to be used as the bridge electrode material.
Optical transmittance vs. light wavelength measured for the ALD-deposited AZO films with two (2%, 5%) different Al doping concentrations on a AgNW film.
In summary, we have fabricated a highly flexible capacitive TSP by using AgNW electrodes and transparent bridge structures. The bridge structure is composed of an SU-8 bridge insulator and an AZO bridge electrode. In order to form the bridge electrode connecting the AgNW electrode diamonds in stable and robust manners, we made the side-wall slope of the bridge insulator as low as possible by extending the exposure time of the photolithography process beyond the optimized value for forming vertical side-walls. With the extended exposure time, the lower part of the SU-8 layer around the region uncovered by the photomask can be exposed enough to the UV light scattered from the substrate, leading to the formation of a bridge insulator with low side-wall slope. We have also developed the ALD process to deposit the AZO film for patterning the bridge electrode at relatively low temperature, 150 ℃. The deposited AZO film was measured to have low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance in the visible light range. The fabricated TSP sample showed good touch-sensing performances. The capacitance change between
touching was measured to be 22.71 %. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to make a highly flexible and transparent TSP with long-term reliability by using conventional fabrication processes.
This work was supported by National Nuclear R&D Program (2014M2B2A9031944) through the National Research Foundation funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning in Korea and the university-industry cooperation program partnered with Samsung Display. This work has also benefited from the use of the facilities at UNIST Central Research Facilities.
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What is Gay Lussac’s law?
Gay-Lussac’s law (more correctly referred to as Amontons’s law) states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant.
Where is the temperature in Gay Lussac’s law?
To start, we need to convert the temperatures into the absolute scale, Kelvin, which is necessary for Gay-Lussac’s law: T₁ = 20°C = 293.15 K , T₂ = 400°C = 673.15 K . The next step is to rearrange Gay-Lussac’s law formula to estimate the final pressure: p₂ = p₁ / T₁ * T₂ = 100 kPa / 293.15 K * 673.15 K = 229.63 kPa .
Does Gay Lussac’s law have to be in Kelvin?
Note: Temperature must be in Kelvin for the equation to work.
What are the 5 gas laws?
The Gas Laws: Pressure Volume Temperature Relationships
- Boyle’s Law: The Pressure-Volume Law.
- Charles’ Law: The Temperature-Volume Law.
- Gay-Lussac’s Law: The Pressure Temperature Law.
- The Combined Gas Law.
What is Dalton’s law formula?
Dalton’s Law (also called Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures) states that the total pressure exerted by the mixture of non-reactive gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases. Mathematically, this can be stated as follows: Ptotal=P1+P2+… +Pn.
What is ATM in chemistry?
14.69595 psi. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101325 Pa (1.01325 bar). It is sometimes used as a reference or standard pressure. It is approximately equal to Earth’s atmospheric pressure at sea level.
What does Avogadro’s law state?
Avogadro’s law, a statement that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules. …
What does Boyles law mean?
This empirical relation, formulated by the physicist Robert Boyle in 1662, states that the pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature; i.e., in equation form, pv = k, a constant. …
What does Charles law state?
The physical principle known as Charles’ law states that the volume of a gas equals a constant value multiplied by its temperature as measured on the Kelvin scale (zero Kelvin corresponds to -273.15 degrees Celsius).
What is p1v1 p2v2?
According to Boyle’s Law, an inverse relationship exists between pressure and volume. … The relationship for Boyle’s Law can be expressed as follows: P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume values, and P2 and V2 are the values of the pressure and volume of the gas after change.
What are the six gas laws?
Gas Laws: Boyle’s Law, Charle’s Law, Gay-Lussac’s Law, Avogadro’s Law.
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In Russia, it is said that the children of a deceased Ukrainian officer found a book belonging to the secret services of the Soviet Union (KGB), which describes more than fifty alien races that have visited the Earth. (extraterrestrial races on Earth)
The book of extraterrestrial races is one of the most controversial and original documents of the period in which Russia was dominated by communism. Obviously, the information in this book is still very controversial, and its authenticity can not be verified. However, we believe that it could be useful since the information found in this supposed book could be linked to the statements made some time ago by Dmitry Medvedev about aliens.(extraterrestrial races on Earth)
The first edition was published in 1946 and was intended to inform agents of the secret services about different alien races that were visiting the Earth at that time. This book, in particular, is fascinating because many types of alien species are described, as well as the description and type of their ships and their place of origin.(extraterrestrial races on Earth)
The book was made by the SMERSH counterintelligence service built by the Red Army in late 1942 or even earlier, but officially founded on April 14, 1943. On January 13, 1947, a small book containing a description of the best extraterrestrial SMERSH agents.
Also in the book of the KGB describes how each species has contributed to the development and progress of human life on the planet Earth. Therefore, the book also describes the alien races that have observed our planet over time, as well as the fact that they have interacted with different governments in different countries of the world.(extraterrestrial races on Earth)
The book also provides information on meetings held with other governments and kept secret. The KGB book is a great source of information, but also a manual to learn how to communicate with some of these exotic species.
For example, there are Aliens “Allgruulk” who are known in the Universe as creators and builders. They can live up to 230 years and have visited the Earth for a period of 300 years in which they have had direct contact with people. The aliens “RAK” are another exotic species.(extraterrestrial races on Earth)
This species has visited humanity since 720 BC. The secret document describes not only the physical characteristics of the different types of Aliens, but also details how many times they have visited the planet and what is the planetary position of each of the identified species.
Numerous websites dedicated to research on UFOs claim that in the pages of this old high-secret file on aliens, we can find information from different spaceships in which these beings move in the cosmos, and also the chilling details of those who come from the beings
Follow us on Facebook, Instagram, And Twitter For More Interesting Content Also Subscribe To Our Youtube Channel. If you have faced any supernatural or unexplainable event then you can submit your own story to reach out to more people using our website as a medium.
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As a form of prudence, strategy is an important, but often neglected dimension of American political thought, a bridge between American principles and American foreign policy objectives. Moreover, since the dawn of the Cold War at least, Americans have led the world in this kind of thinking, though almost always with worries that strategies to provide for national security may boomerang to undermine principles of freedom at home or prove incompatible with such principles abroad. This is especially true in counterinsurgencies in which special operations forces abroad work at the edge of the law or outside of what the law and custom would be consider acceptable in a free society at home.
So this controversial new book is a must read, especially for those who reflect on the proper role of the military in a free society, and not merely because it has just been selected for the Army Chief of Staff’s professional reading list for all Army officers. Douglas Porch, a Distinguished Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, has written a highly polemical critical intellectual history of the theory and practice of counterinsurgency (COIN) and the role of special operations within it. Porch does not mince words. His main points are that COIN theory, a novel branch of military-political thought developed in the United States, France, and England especially, is a fraud, a house of cards built by ambitious special operators and journalists willing to cooperate with them in selling or overselling COIN as the cure for what ails us, usually understood as a rigid, all too conventional approach to waging war.
It evolved from the theories and practices of the “small wars” of the imperial powers of the 19th Century, those of England and France especially, with the United States Marine Corps developing its own version of the theory for the small wars resulting from American interventions in Central America and the Philippines during its own flirtations with imperialism in the Progressive Era. Even today, it includes a substantial element of paternalism with practitioners aiming to uplift what are perceived as barbarous or semi-barbarous peoples, an attitude that often leads to considering insurgents as beneath the respect accorded combatants by the laws of war, with the people deemed supporters of the insurgents until they prove themselves innocent. According to Porch, this has led time and time again to torture, prisoner abuse, and collective punishment, including relocation (concentration) camps and calorie control (starvation), of people suspected of cooperating with insurgents, tactics that tend to drive the population toward the insurgents, thus undermining the strategy COIN is supposed to serve. In that way, “war among the people” has a habit of becoming “war against the people,” despite good intentions of providing them an alternative, more Western way of life, through investments in infrastructure and experiments in Western ideas of good governance. Says Porch, COIN is not a strategy in the Clausewitzian sense of orchestrating raison d’etat, popular passion, and military creativity to achieve political objectives so much as a kind of grand tactics of social engineering, a checklist of best practices from previous wars divorced from their contemporary political context. At best, it puts a Band-Aid on underlying political problems which those who frame policy and strategy are often reluctant to address. For Porch, COIN thus often treats the symptoms of insurgency, not the disease, and that is a failure of political-strategic thinking.
Porch shows that COIN can be pernicious for civil-military relations, especially for the rule of law and security of liberty at home. Much of his account is about operators who considered themselves and their form of warfare special. These entrepreneurs often had little patience with the rule of law. They often worked outside of it, especially when the media were not looking; just as frequently, they argued that the challenges of insurgency were so complex that military and political authority had to be fused. Arguably, the most important separation of powers in a free society is not among the different branches of government; nor is it between church and state, or society and government. It is between soldiers and statesmen as a guard against Caesarism and Bonapartism. In counterinsurgencies, however, proconsuls and other officers often acquired forms of political power abroad that they would never be allowed in a free government at home. As they grew accustomed to wielding political power abroad, they sometimes grew contemptuous of political authorities at home, thus damaging civil-military relations significantly. French counterinsurgents in Algeria in the 1950s, for example, came to think the French republic was a liability to the empire; to save the empire and the military’s reputation, they believed they had to overthrow the republic, so the soldiers could control the state. Porch is thus making a Clausewitzian critique of COIN theory and practice for neglecting the primacy of policy, and thus of elected policy-makers, including the laws they make.
To paraphrase Charles de Gaulle, a modern hero of liberty who saved republican government in France from seditious officers in the army and army veterans in the OAS who practiced terrorism against the French republic (including numerous attempts to assassinate de Gaulle), the army did not exist for the sake of the army, but rather, to serve as a tool of the state. War, therefore strategy, and therefore COIN operations, are not autonomous, but tendacious claims that COIN is a special form of warfare risk that operators will seek autonomy. As Clausewitz predicted, this would lead them to follow the grammar, not the logic of war, toward self-destructive escalation, ultimately even against their own government and people. In sum, by habituating soldiers to exercise political authority, and govern through force abroad, COIN risks a boomerang effect, which Porch, following Hannah Arendt directly, and indirectly, Burke and Thucydides, terms the “revenge of the periphery” in which imperial or neo-imperial adventures dressed in democratic drag undermine at home the very principles of liberty intended to be exported abroad. Extensive surveillance of internet messages, extended detentions without trial at Guantanomo Bay, secret FISA courts, and the application of COIN strategies to confront street gangs in California are merely the latest examples Porch sees of this recurring phenomenon.
The bulk of Porch’s critique of COIN, however, is strategic. First, it is often hawked as a silver bullet to save policymakers from the consequences of their own poor policies and strategies, but there are no magic bullets in these messy wars. Thinking so is an exercise in magical thinking; we would do better to reflect on remedying the policies and strategies that got us into the mess in the first place.
Second, Porch argues COIN rarely works at a moral, political, economic, and human price peoples of free governments are willing to pay. It inevitably involves attrition, which takes time and tries the patience of the people at home. When they lose patience, and pull the plug, the COINdinistas often feel betrayed, blaming failure not on COIN itself, but governments that did not let them try hard or long enough, an attitude with baleful consequences for healthy civil-military relations.
Third, to sustain popular support, COIN often demands exaggerating the threat, whether it be monolithic communism during the Cold War or a restored Islamic caliphate led by Al Qaeda-inspired fanatics today. Hyping the threat to sell COIN puts military officers especially in morally compromising positions, with their strategic communications and information operations not infrequently directed more at their own people than their adversaries.
Fourth, even when COIN works, however temporarily, it does so most commonly through divide and rule tactics that undermine the already difficult objective of nation-building. COIN frequently produces dependency, and local officials are often seen as stooges of foreign powers, thus undermining their legitimacy and stability among those who harbor resentment over being divided in order to be pacified. It frequently involves a great deal of waste, either because foreign powers really do not know what is good for other peoples and make costly mistakes, or because such powers are played by local elites, who stash the cash they receive in Swiss banks.
Fifth, the case for making COIN a branch of special operations is weak. It assumes the special operators are more adaptable than conventional forces, but Porch demonstrates that while adaptation is necessary in COIN, conventional forces are no worse and sometimes better at adapting than the special operators.
Sixth, there is a serious danger in adapting too much in the direction of COIN. The French did this by 1870, and Porch suggests, this contributed to their humiliating defeat at the hands of Prussia in a conventional war. The British also transformed in the direction of COIN, ironically, in both Iraq and Afghanistan in the 1920s but found themselves unprepared for the conventional threat from Germany in the 1930s. Had the United States gone whole hog on COIN in Vietnam, Porch suggests it might have found itself unprepared for war on the Central Front of the Cold War, in Germany. One inference from Porch’s warning against transforming too much is that if conventional forces are at least as adaptable as special operators, it would be better to focus primarily on conventional conflict, the great killer of the 20th Century and an always potential danger of the 21st, because it is harder to adapt “up” from COIN than “down” from conventional warfare. And because conventional forces do not consider themselves special, they are more likely to abide by the laws of war and their own government.
Last of all, losers do not always give the best advice, but much of COIN theory in the United States is based on the prescriptions of losers, like David Galula, a veteran of the French war in Algeria who later wrote at Harvard and spread his theory via American strategic think tanks. His shadow looms large in the Army COIN manual, FM 3-24, the gold standard of COIN theory today. Porch shows that the French in Algeria actually followed Galula’s principles but ultimately lost. Why? Some of those principles proved not merely abhorrent but also counter-productive in practice. Isolating the people from insurgents sounds great in theory, but if it requires putting numerous people in relocation camps and driving others into exile, it is likely to produce more enemies than friends. Moreover, the strategic context, the international, social, institutional, economic, and above all, political environment, was stacked against the French, as it was for them before and the U.S. later in Vietnam, and then again, some might say, for the U.S. in Iraq.
Regarding Iraq, Porch finds General Petreus and his acolytes, like the journalist Tom Ricks, little or no different from T.E. Lawrence of Arabia and the P.T. Barnum-like showmen who sold him to get bylines and sell newspapers and books, with a gullible public loving the story of the unconventional hero who rescued victory from impending defeat. The famous surge in Iraq in 2007-08 began after the Sunni awakening; the surge did not save the U.S. experiment in democratizing Iraq so much as take advantage of developments within Iraq, like population transfers through ethnic cleansing, to create conditions (via divide and rule tactics again in the concrete barricades dividing neighborhoods in Ira1q) for an orderly withdrawal of US troops, i.e., one that did not leave the U.S. holding the bag, resulting from its invasion in 2003, for producing a genocidal civil war. And it was a Band-Aid. Religiously inspired violence in Iraq is now back to pre-surge levels. Al Qaeda, or rather, its spin-off, the Islamic State of Iranq and Syria (ISIS), has either returned or come out of the sewers in which it was hiding. Despite almost a decade of occupation, all the U.S. will have accomplished may well turn out to be arming the Shi’a majority for civil war against the Sunni minority (the Kurds would be next), with a Shi’a majority despotism, probably backed by Iran, potentially replacing the Sunni-rooted despotism under Saddam Hussein. So the road to Hell in Iraq may well still turn out to be paved with the good intentions of the United States.
The great takeaway from Porch’s book is that no amount of operational proficiency, even in special operations based on best practices dressed up as sophisticated theory, can overcome a bad match between policy and strategy, one that does not fit its context. If so, true wisdom about COIN lies at the political-strategic level, understanding when it might be compatible with American principles and when the odds of success at an acceptable moral, political, economic, and human cost are good or not. To be clear: Porch is not arguing that COIN is bound to fail strategically. Sometimes the context is favorable. Sometimes the insurgents have no allies or sanctuaries. Sometimes their cause has no popular appeal. Sometimes their leaders are inept or so brutal that they drive the people away from them. Sometimes the incumbents are competent, willing to adapt politically and militarily to meet the challenge. Counterinsurgents do win, but not because COIN is a form of war only specialists can understand. War is war! A strategy appropriate to the context is the most important element in victory for both the insurgent and the counterinsurgent.
To be sure, this book is highly polemical, a screed in fact. Porch is the Oliver Stone of COIN critics, often over the top, especially in his animus against special operations. Most who practice these unconventional forms of warfare consider themselves, and deserve to be considered as, the consummate soldiers of a free society, with fidelity to its laws serving as a uniform, or badge of pride, that distinguishes them from criminals. General Petreus may have been lucky that the surge coincided with the so-called Sunni Awakening against Al Qaeda and other developments in Iraq, but strategic wisdom often involves taking advantage of good luck. If his relative success in Iraq (though not Afghanistan, too tough a nut to crack and too late to do so after the war in Iraq) did not result directly from his personal role in drafting U.S. COIN doctrine and applying it, intelligently, to Iraq, it was nonetheless a vast improvement over the work of his predecessors, who did not plan for a potential insurgency, sometimes denied its existence, were slow to confront it, and occasionally aggravated it. Porch does not offer any alternative solutions to COIN in situations, like 9/11, when the United States has been attacked directly and finds it necessary to defend itself by overthrowing governments, like Afghanistan’s under the Taliban, that give aid, comfort, and above all, sanctuary, to Al Qaeda. Without proposing an alternative, not the least of which might have been not getting diverted from Afghanistan to Iraq, his critique does not seem particularly useful for the challenges of Afghanistan.
To paraphrase Hegel, the owl of Minerva sees only at dusk. Much of Porch’s critique helps us make sense of the end of the U.S. war in Iraq and continuing problems in Afghanistan, but these are now old news. The United States has since moved from COIN to a new strategy of counter-terrorism (CT), via special operations and drone strikes especially, with decapitation raids designed to disrupt Al Qaeda and its affiliates, in no small part because there is no appetite left in the U.S. for the costs that COIN produces, both domestically and internationally. The special operations, often involving snatch and grab tactics to gain intelligence via capturing prisoners, and the drone strikes, occasionally without due process against American citizens, pose their own moral and constitutional questions, as well as risk serious blowback when innocents are caught in the net, as they inevitably will be. Within a generation, the pendulum may swing back toward COIN, however. The U.S. may once again be tempted to disregard the advice of John Quincy Adams and go in search of monsters to overthrow abroad. It may once again engage in the sort of republican jihad (what we often term Wilsonianism or neo-conservatism today) that Alexander Hamilton feared among supporters of the French revolution in the Washington administration. Inevitably, some will resist their liberation, in Rousseau’s famous phrase, being ”forced to be free,” and resort to insurgency. At that point, it would be wise to pull out Porch’s contribution to American political-strategic thought and ask whether we really want to go down the COIN road again. Never say never, but Porch supplies a powerful argument for self-restraint, not least of all because of the problems COIN especially poses for free government, both at home and abroad.
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When it comes to COVID-19, too many prominent Republicans are acting like theirs is not the party of limited government and personal responsibility.
Some Republican elected officials are trying to thwart measures local governments and private businesses are taking to reduce the spread of COVID-19. For example, it is illegal in Gov. Greg Abbott's Texas for businesses to require customers to provide proof of vaccination — a law that restaurants in Austin learned about the hard way when they nearly had their liquor licenses revoked. Florida has a similar law, signed by Gov. Ron DeSantis, though a judge recently gave a cruise operator permission to ignore it.
Or consider the stance of Republican Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas, who said recently: "No one should force anyone to take the vaccine — including the federal government or an employer." Cruz argues for the need for "civil rights protections for employees from their employers, to stop discrimination based on vaccination status."
And then there are the handful of Republican-led states that are trying to prohibit local school districts from imposing mask mandates in schools. Last week, Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee signed such a ban, requiring that parents be given the opportunity to opt out of any locally imposed mask mandate.
I am a conservative, in part because of the importance I place on limited government and the value of personal responsibility. The Republican Party has long been a solid if imperfect vehicle for these priorities — but in recent years the connection has weakened. That's antithetical to the party's traditional commitments.
Abbott argues that his posture toward public health measures is motivated by a commitment to "personal responsibility" ahead of "government mandates." But efforts to use government power to prohibit private businesses from making decisions that they think are in their best interest is the opposite. It is heavy-handed government stopping private entities from exercising their own understanding of what is responsible and what their customers and employees want.
Businesses are the private property of their owners, whose liberties should be violated only to advance compelling social interests. It is appropriate that the law prohibits a cafe from turning away customers because of their race. It is also appropriate for the same business to be free to turn away customers wearing shorts and T-shirts. Sure, masks can be annoying. But the same could be said for neckties, and I am unaware of any efforts to impose government bans on office dress codes or school uniforms in the name of personal liberty.
Banning discrimination based on race is critical to advancing equality and justice, which trumps the businesses owner's right to decide which groups of customers to serve. Banning inappropriate dress is a decision that is none of the government's business.
What grave injustice is being remedied by using the power of the state to prohibit businesses from choosing to serve only the vaccinated or masked? None rise to the level required for the government to override decisions of business owners over what to do with their privately held property.
A similar logic applies to businesses that decide to require their employees to be vaccinated. Such mandates should make provision for employees with sincere religious opposition or with medical conditions that make being vaccinated inadvisable. But generally speaking, no one has a right to work for any specific employer. If the terms of an employment relationship are satisfactory to both parties, then great. If not, then they should part ways.
Take the classic conservative argument against the minimum wage: A worker wouldn't take a job paying, say, $5 per hour if it wasn't in his or her best interest. An employer wouldn't offer the job if it wasn't a smart business decision. If both parties agree, why should the government step in and declare that the wage is too low? The logic is the same for employee vaccine mandates.
Public schools are a different story, since they are government entities and students are required by law to attend. But here GOP governors should fall back on another celebrated conservative principle: local control.
In some school districts, mask mandates may not make sense. They distract from learning, and if local COVID rates are low and hospital capacity isn't threatened, then the local community should be allowed to decide that the costs aren't worth the benefits. Other districts may have people with different sensibilities or higher case numbers, and may make a different decision. Governors should step back and let local authorities decide what is best for their communities.
Several Republican governors are taking this approach. Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine last week declined to impose a mask mandate himself, but encouraged schools to do so. His fellow Republican and next-door neighbor, Gov. Eric Holcomb of Indiana, takes a similar position. "I think the schools that are putting mask mandates into place are making a wise decision when the facts warrant it," Holcomb said last week.
The traditional conservative commitments to personal responsibility, limited government and local control are excellent guides for public policy. Some Republicans have been too willing in recent years to toss them aside, especially when doing so allows them to be perceived as fighting "big business" on behalf of "the people."
Republicans would advance better policies if they recovered these traditional commitments — both during this pandemic summer and beyond.
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Virgin Wines has revealed that its vegan sales increased from just over 1.1 million to more than 1.7 million bottles between 2019 and 2021.
The growth of 51 percent comes as Virgin Wines added a further 100 varieties of cruelty-free wine in 2020, bringing its tally to more than 400.
Looking to understand its consumers’ preferences, the brand carried out a survey in the same year. Collated data revealed that 36 percent of its customers actively sought out vegan options.
Key motivations for consumers were animal welfare and environmental awareness.
“It’s not surprising to see such a rise in vegan wine sales,” Sophie Lord, head of buying at Virgin Wines, said in a statement.
She continued: “Over the last decade, far more alternative wine fining methods have been found, allowing winemakers to move away from the traditional methods that are unsuitable for vegans.”
Why isn’t all wine suitable for plant-based people?
Grapes are one component of wine, but filtration processes allow non-vegan elements to enter the process.
Common wine fining agents include casein, gelatin, isinglass, and egg whites. They remove bad flavors and smells from finished drinks.
For example, casein, the protein found in cow’s milk, helps to reduce bitterness, as does gelatin. Isinglass, derived from fish swim bladders, helps to clarify wine.
None are considered essential, as vegan alternatives exist, including pea gelatine and silica clay. Many organic wine producers chose to negate the fining process altogether, making plenty of varieties accidentally suitable for plant-based eaters.
Raising a glass for the rise in vegan wine demand
In 2019, Harpers estimated the vegan wine market to have reached a value of £1.5 billion, with scope to grow further. And retailers appear to be listening.
Virgin Wines stocks more than 600 varieties of wine, around two-thirds of which are suitable for vegans.
Marks and Spencer also sought to capitalize on the trend by launching Found, its own animal derivative-free wine range. Last year, it also pledged to turn all of its wines vegan.
British retailer SPAR beat M&S to it, however. In January this year, it announced it had turned its entire wine selection vegan.
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Fórsa and other unions have again raised the plight of staff forced to retire at age 65. Since the State pension qualification age was increased to 66, they have to sign on for social welfare benefits worth less than the State pension, and declare themselves available for work.
At a recent meeting with civil service management, unions gave examples of recent retirees, with 40 years’ service, who were required to claim supplementary allowance – and confirm that they were actively seeking employment during their retirement.
Unions called on the Department of Expenditure and Public Reform to act. But the department refused, saying it was a matter for the Department of Employment and Social Protection. They only said they would consider updating information on the cspensions.ie website, which gives information to prospective retirees.
The change in the qualification age for the State pension – and plans to further increase the bar to age 67 next January – emerged as a substantial issue in the recent general election. A number of political parties pledged permanent or temporary measures to address it.
Fórsa and other unions had slammed Government plans to further increase the state pension qualifying age to 67 next January and to 68 in 2028.
ICTU general secretary Patricia King rejected as “wholly unacceptable” Government claims that a reversal of the policy – which would leave Ireland with the highest state pension qualifying age in the EU – was unaffordable.
Siptu economist Michael Taft said the €217 million cost of reversing the pension age increase could be financed from the existing social insurance fund, which is currently running a surplus of €1.4 billion a year.
“The reality is that, in the short term, there would be no need to increase taxation, cut spending or borrow to finance the cancellation of the pension age increase,” he said.
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It is a maiden budget that contains much foreshadowing, because more so than most, it is plainly intended as the first chapter of one long story.
There are governments, including the last federal Liberal ones under Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin, that flit about from theme to theme with each budget cycle – tax cuts one year, health care another, postsecondary education the third, with lurches between restraint and big spending – based on the demands and political currents of the moment.
Justin Trudeau's government is a very different animal: Its next several budgets could almost certainly share this first one's "Growing the Middle Class" title. And peculiar though it may seem to consider a fiscal plan that plunges the country into a nearly $30-billion deficit as only the starting point for an activist agenda, that is precisely what this is.
That's not just because, contrary to the Liberals' pledges during last year's election campaign, they intend to run significant deficits past the end of their current mandate (and not quite live up to their promise to lower the debt-to-GDP ratio during that time). More so, it's because of a pattern that runs through the document tabled by Finance Minister Bill Morneau that should delight people who spent the Stephen Harper era longing for more ambitious government, and horrify those who fear the messiness that can come with that approach.
In section after section, this is a budget that offers relatively straightforward and easy-to-deliver spending for now (most of it drawn from the Liberals' election platform), then hints that much of that spending is stop-gap while an inexperienced cabinet settles on more transformative stuff aimed at increasing prosperity and economic fairness.
Infrastructure investment is the most obvious example, with Mr. Morneau going to the trouble of explicitly breaking it down into phases. Phase 1 is the "unsexy" part the Liberals warned of in the days leading up to the budget, with $11.9-billion in new money devoted over the next five years largely to shovel-ready maintenance projects. Then roughly four times that amount will seemingly be newly allocated for the much-sexier but more vaguely defined Phase 2, with new builds aimed at what the budget variously describes as a greener, more inclusive, more globally competitive and more liveable society – much of it revolving around yet-to-be-written national strategies on everything from affordable housing to child care.
Other than the Liberals' new child tax credit and middle-class tax cuts, the rest is only slightly less a multiyear work in progress.
"Interim" increases to research and development funding are the precursor to an "Innovation Agenda" that will see more targeted and aggressive efforts to fund emerging industries. Extra funding for training for the unemployed is "the first step" before consultations to shape more changes to that system. Increases to student grants are to be followed by the development of a new, more progressive grant system. Enhancements to employment insurance are to be followed by making it easier to take parental or compassionate leave.
After reversing the Conservatives' raising of the eligibility age for seniors' income security, the Liberals want to develop a "Seniors Price Index" to reflect the cost of living. Increased veterans' benefits are to be followed by a streamlining and simplification of the system. A "collective decision" is to be reached on an enhanced Canada Pension Plan by the end of 2016.
Even the $8.4-billion over five years to improve conditions in indigenous communities, one of the budget's less ambiguous long-term commitments, is going to require a great deal of fleshing out. Then there is the new "multi-year health accord" with the provinces to follow some marginal short-term health investments, and the promised national carbon-pricing framework.
It is an odd mix, this budget, of clear ideas of where the Liberals want to be in four years, and fairly abstract thoughts about how to get there – the latter perhaps an inevitable consequence of a sudden surge to power, a frantic post-election schedule of domestic and international bridge-building for the new Prime Minister, and many rookie ministers still finding their way.
Keeping their eyes on all the balls they have put in the air won't be easy. The more those new ministers learn their files, and their departments' and stakeholders' demands, the more they will start pushing for additional commitments. And no government gets to just focus on its Day 1 agenda, immune to unexpected events economic or otherwise.
But the hope, among those who crafted this document, is that it will sharpen focus on the goals it lays out, including within a bureaucracy being rapidly retooled with an eye toward activism and nimbleness.
Mr. Trudeau and those close to him, meanwhile, have ample confidence in their own ability to play the long game – to tell their story in as much time as it takes.
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“You’d be stupid if you think Hitler wasn’t a great leader”
Doesn’t Canada have strict rules about supposed hate speech? How does this not qualify?
The Washington Free Beacon reports:
McMaster University Students Have Published Hundreds of Posts Exalting Hitler
Current and former students at Canada’s McMaster University have published hundreds of social media posts exalting Adolf Hitler, glorifying terrorism, and calling for “death to” America, white people, Jews, and Israel, according to a new report.
Thirty-nine students have posted over 280 such comments on social media since 2011, according to Canary Mission, an anonymous campus anti-Semitism watchdog. All of the students listed in the report have had some level of affiliation with Solidarity for Palestinian Human Rights (SPHR), McMaster’s anti-Israel club.
Esra Bengizi, who served as the humanities representative of the McMaster Student Assembly last academic year, has tweeted extensively about her admiration for Hitler “as an individual.”
“You’d be stupid if you think Hitler wasn’t a great leader,” she tweeted in May 2014, writing later that year, “What Hitler did was wrong but I admire him as an individual he was extraordinarily intelligent, persuasive, deceptive & driven.”
“Where is hitler when u need one? I literally ask this every day,” she continued in October, adding, “hitler did more than just kill. He was also a great leader & role model to many. And all governments kill innocent people everyday.”
Her pro-Hitler sentiment extended to explicit targeting of Jews, as in her Mary 2014 post, “I’m actually going to the rule the world and get rid of anyone who doesn’t have basic common sense or if you’re yahoodi [Jewish].”
Donations tax deductible
to the full extent allowed by law.
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Flu Vaccination London
Health experts are warning that it is more important than ever to get the flu jab to protect from influenza this season, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Firstly, the NHS are predicting a big year for flu as fewer people will have built up natural immunity in recent times.
Secondly, research shows that you’re more likely to be seriously ill if you happen to get flu and coronavirus at the same time.
The best protection is through getting vaccinated against both flu and COVID-19.
It takes up to 2 weeks for flu immunisation to be fully effective, so the advice is to arrange a flu jab as early as possible.
Remember, as with COVID-19, getting the flu jab is not just about protecting yourself, it also helps to prevent the disease spreading to others who may be at higher risk.
Coronavirus vaccination does not provide any protection against the flu virus, so it is important to get both for full protection.
October 2021 Flu Jab, London
The Smart Clinics now has stock of two types of flu vaccine:
- Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine
- Suitable for adults, including pregnant women
- Suitable for children from 6 months of age
- Fluad Tetra Vaccine
- Suitable for elderly adults from the age of 65 and over
Flu jab bookings can be arranged at all London clinics:
Flu jabs stocks are reserved for our members first. Non-members are welcome to book but fees will apply.
In addition, we are able to arrange coronavirus vaccination for our members at a local NHS facility. This is a free of charge service for those that are registered in our medical scheme.
Flu And Coronavirus
The key facts are:
- You CAN catch both flu and coronavirus at the same time as they are separate viruses
- Research shows that risks are significantly higher for those who catch both at once
- You CAN immunise against the flu AND coronavirus, thereby reducing the risks of serious illness
- Flu and COVID-19 can both be deadly
- Both flu and COVID-19 are highly contagious (easily spread)
- Flu kills an average of 11,000 in England each year
- In addition, flu accounts for hundreds of thousands of GP visits and tens of thousands of hospitalisations
- Full-blown flu is a very unpleasant illness caused by a virus
- The virus is highly contagious and can be passed through coughing, sneezing or by touching contaminated surfaces
- Flu often results in at least 2-3 days in bed and therefore time off work, school or normal commitments
- It leaves you feeling tired and run down for weeks until you feel fully better
Flu ‘At Risk’ Groups
Flu jabs are provided on the NHS for those in groups deemed to be at risk. For 2021-2 flu season, the government plan to vaccinate record numbers, in order to reduce numbers who get flu as well as coronavirus, thereby reducing pressure on the NHS. This includes:
- Patients aged 50 or over
- Pregnant women
- People with a medical condition deemed at risk of flu and/or its complications (including but not limited to respiratory diseases, asthma, heart/kidney/liver disease, neurological conditions, diabetes, immunosuppression, sickle cell anaemia, missing spleen, coeliac disease, learning disability, overweight with BMI 40+)
- People in long-stay residential care
- Carers of people at risk of flu complications
- People living with someone at high risk of coronavirus (NHS shielded patients)
- Frontline health and social care workers
This list is not conclusive, doctors can recommend flu vaccine in other circumstances.
In addition, many adults choose to pay privately for a flu vaccine every year, in order to avoid the unpleasantness and inconvenience of what is a very serious and often avoidable illness.
The Smart Clinics
The Smart Clinics is best known for its unique membership based private GP service with access to a friendly team of experienced doctors, which entitles individuals, families and corporate members to unlimited GP access for a monthly fee. Private dentistry is also available as an optional extra and available in their Chelsea clinic.
For more information contact us on firstname.lastname@example.org or call 020 7052 0070.
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John Gray Bursary Scheme
The John Gray Bursary is a grant operated by the Queens Cross Community Foundation. Residents living in the Queens Cross area of operation can apply for help to support them during their studies at College or University. The John Gray Bursary has been introduced as part of a range of measures to challenge poverty by helping people access educational opportunities.
Who was John Gray?
John Gray was a former chairperson and longstanding board member of Queens Cross Housing Association and supporter of the Garscube Community Foundation, now known as the Queens Cross Community Foundation. John was an elected member (City Councillor) for over 40 years.
He was involved in one of the City’s first initiatives to create a strategy to tackle multiple deprivation and was motivated to fight poverty and inequality. John promoted the development of youth and community work in Glasgow and favoured practical and “common sense” ways to help young people.
The bursary scheme is our practical response to the challenging financial situation many face in our communities and this scheme is aimed at helping people who are actively pursing opportunities which could improve their chances in life.
Who can apply?
Applicants must reside permanently with the Queens Cross Housing Association area of operation. This means students should be either living in their own tenancy in the Queens Cross area or living in their parental home in the Queens Cross area. Applicants must have an offer to study either full time or part time at college or university or already be enrolled with a college or university. Students who have moved to Glasgow and who are living in student accommodation are not eligible to apply.
How Can I Apply?
To find out more about the criteria and to complete an online application form, click here.
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ProtoHaus Trailer Home Design from Ann Holley and Darren Macca, Eco Homes
A comfortable trailer home Protohaus from Ann Holley and Darren Macca and their parents, who live in Colorado, offers a small, functional and modern house and space saving interior design ideas for all who enjoy the freedom and natural beauty, like outdoors visiting new places and live in comfort.
This cute tiny house design is a part of of Ann’s graduate project at Alfred University where she is earning her Master in Fine Art. Charming cottage on wheels ProtoHaus is an excellent idea for traveling in style and comfort without spending lots of money.
ProtoHaus has a small room with a wood stove that will keep the house warm in cold weather, small kitchen and bathroom with a shower. A large bed, located under the roof adds more comfort and romantic charm to this small modern house design for two.
ProtoHaus is powered by solar panels and wind turbines. The water treatment system cleans and allows to reuse and recycle water, making this modern house design water saving and eco friendly.
Protohaus house design description from the designers
The ProtoHaus is a tiny dwelling of 125 square feet. In the interest of exploring the boundaries that define art objects, non-art objects, and social issues related to home ownership, ProtoHaus will challenge viewer, artist and artwork. Contemporary artists such as Andrea Zittel, Shinique Smith, Tyree Guyton, and groups such as Futurefarmers, and N55 are similarly dealing with issues of consumerism, social equality, the intersection of art and design, and the limits of artistic definition.
In the history of art these are not new themes; the Russian Constructivists, the Bauhaus, and the Wiener Werkstätte all dealt with these issues. William Morris argued that art should meet the needs of society and that there should be no distinction between form and function. Even Michelangelo and Da Vinci acted not only as visual artists but also as scientists, writers, inventors and architects. These artists contributed to their communities by producing inspirational works of art as well as through military defense and technological advancement.
ProtoHaus is a timber frame or “stick built” house that was constructed over the summer of 2009. Emphasis was placed on sustainability, functionality, and aesthetics. It is fabricated primarily from recycled and reclaimed materials. The building process was overseen and assisted by S. C. Holley Construction. It is transportable. The house is built on a trailer bed rated to withstand 14,000 pounds. Separate fresh, grey, and black water systems are integrated into the design allowing for remote removal and disposal of waste.
A solar and wind system power the house allowing it to be off grid. Over the academic year 2009-2010 there were a series of collaborative workshops at Alfred University which included students, faculty and different departments to accompany the project. The house was open to visitors on particular dates throughout the school year as a mode of sharing the experiment with the Alfred community. We continue to invite visitors interested in the small house movement to come and tour ProtoHaus and ProtoStoga in an effort to share our experience.
Trailer home design details
by Ena Russ
Related articles and sponsored content
More from eco friendly
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Over the past few years, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has issued dozens of regulations affecting HVACR equipment manufacturers, including new regional energy conservation standards for split-system central a/c units and heat pumps as well as standards for commercial refrigeration products. Additionally, refrigerant regulations and technological innovations in variable-speed technology have resulted in a bevy of changes for condenser unit manufacturers.
MEETING REGULATORY EXPECTATIONS
Matt Barga, residential HVAC portfolio leader, Trane and American Standard, said a/c manufacturers have had to adapt to regulatory changes affecting both efficiency requirements and refrigerants.
“Beginning in 2015, air conditioners [condensers] experienced a change in the minimum-efficiency standards with the implementation of the regional standards that moved Southern markets from 13 to 14 SEER and added a full-load EER requirement in the Southwest, in addition to 14-SEER requirements,” he said. “Trane and American Standard, both owned by Ingersoll Rand, designed new 14-SEER systems for Southern markets with a subset of models designed to meet the Southwest EER requirements. At the other end of the efficiency spectrum, both brands have … [introduced] variable-speed condensers. This technology provides very high efficiency in both 18- and 20-SEER price points that provide a significant improvement in comfort in terms of sound, humidity levels, and temperature distribution.”
Lynn Turner, product manager, Carrier Corp., also said regional standards have affected the company’s product line-up. “Regional standards requirements have created segregated minimum-efficiency levels for the Southwest [14 SEER, 12.2 EER/11.7 EER], Southeast [14 SEER], and North [13 SEER],” she said. “Regional standards are driving the regional minimum-efficiency change and inverter technology is driving more high-efficiency variable-speed products. We are investing heavily in our ability to deliver cost-effective inverter technology to a far greater group of homeowners that will provide both increased comfort and lower operating costs.”
Farooq Mohammad, director, product management, air conditioning division, Rheem Mfg. Co., said efficiencies have, over time, gone higher and higher, and the challenge has been addressed via heat exchanger surface area and airflow, for the most part. “Variable-speed technology has provided the leap forward for condensing units. This technology allows the unit to operate at a wide range of speeds in order to precisely adapt cooling and heating capacities to current demands. In fact, the new Rheem Prestige™ Series EcoNet™-Enabled Variable Speed Heat Pumps and Air Conditioning Units offer efficient cooling and heating performance. The HVAC industry will rely upon inverter technology increasingly in the future to deliver affordable, optimal comfort solutions.”
Regulatory actions have raised the baseline efficiencies and, in parallel, manufacturers have pushed the efficiency boundaries to maintain a good-better-best offering, Mohammad added. “For Rheem, contractor feedback, consumer needs, and government regulations all drive our product development efforts, which have led to creating more higher-efficiency, inverter-driven products.”
Regulations and standards are also affecting commercial condensing units, said Skip Ernst, manager, trade association and regulatory bodies, Daikin Applied.
“Commercial condenser full-load efficiency, per ASHRAE’s Standard 90.1 [20 tons and over], has not changed much over the past few years,” he said. “However, we are seeing an increase in market demand for variable-capacity technology on condensing units in order to better match application loads. This can be accomplished through staged compression or digital scroll compressors that provide improved part-load capabilities. When combined with variable-speed drives for fans and advanced controls, better temperature and humidity control is achieved and system energy consumption is lowered.”
Requirements for increased ventilation air, more emphasis on building energy efficiency, and improved comfort control are also driving innovation in the commercial market, Ernst added. “Standards and technologies have remained stable for commercial condensing units, but as part of an overall system, air handlers have become much more efficient. This is largely due to how building efficiency is being transformed by HVAC standards [like ASHRAE 90.1] and newer technologies that include variable-speed drives, high-efficiency fans, and fan arrays.”
Ben Picker, Copeland product manager, Emerson Climate Technologies Inc., also pointed to new regulations from the DOE as having an influence on commercial refrigeration equipment, including condensing units, in recent years.
“The latest increases that take effect over the next couple of years require improvements of up to 50 percent for some equipment,” he said. “Unit efficiency has moved from being an afterthought to now being one of the primary factors in unit selection. Store operators are looking at total store energy usage, which is driving a shift in refrigeration system architecture.
“It used to be said, ‘Just give me cold,’” he continued. “That usually turned into small, self-contained systems that would supply the cold for that particular need. Even with the most efficient systems, the heat load created by those systems would then have to be removed from the building by an air conditioning system. This created a very inefficient total system, even if the individual condensing units were efficient by themselves. Emerson has developed products that address the entire system.”
Additionally, the R-22 phaseout, which will end all production and importation of virgin R-22 in the U.S. by 2020, has affected condensing unit products significantly over the past few years.
“It has eliminated the dry R-22 offering, which was frequently used for low-cost replacement solutions,” Barga said. “Volume of dry R-22 declined steadily with more and more customers switching to R-410a condensers due to refrigerant cost, warranty, and the overall economics of the replacement solution.”
Picker also pointed out how R-22 unit production has been decreasing for years. “As we move into the next generation of units designed to operate with new refrigerants, like R-448/449, R-450, and R-513, many of the new compressors will no longer be approved to operate with R-22,” he said. “While some units with scroll compressors will continue to support operation with R-22, the vast majority of our units will no longer support operation with R-22.”
“For more than a decade, the industry has migrated to higher-efficiency, newer units designed, engineered, and manufactured to use R-410a, which is an ozone-safe refrigerant,” Mohammad said. “There are no limitations on the use of R-410a, and newer units provide much higher efficiency ratings overall. Thus, Rheem continues to work with its distribution, wholesale, and contracting partners to support replacement of R-22 units with much more efficient R-410a systems.”
To meet increasingly stringent energy-efficiency requirements, condensing unit manufacturers are looking at several ways to improve overall equipment design.
As part of the transition to R-410a, microchannel coils have enabled more heat transfer per square foot and created more robust design capabilities, Ernst said. “Microchannel coils also require less refrigerant, which helps achieve LEED [Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design] point certification and decreases overall unit weight. Additionally, improved condenser fan blade design with energy-efficient motors and variable-speed drives creates a better overall system that can be optimized to work more efficiently and create less noise.”
Compressor technology has played a large part in improving overall unit efficiency, Picker said. “Scroll compressors are the single most important advancement in unit efficiency and reliability. With few moving parts, scroll compressors are inherently reliable. They are also inherently more efficient due to the volumetric efficiencies offered by scroll compression compared to reciprocating piston compression. Advances in fan blade design and variable-speed motors allow units to operate almost silently. New protective coatings allow condensers and cabinets to cost-effectively weather extreme environmental conditions that would quickly corrode with previously available costly coatings.”
Barga also mentioned how compressors have played a significant role in improving overall unit efficiency. “The ClimaTuff™ and Duration™ compressors we use in our systems are of the latest generation in a heritage of quality and reliability, designed and optimized to deliver efficiency capable of meeting the new regional efficiency standards,” he said. “We continue to use all-aluminum SpineFin™ condenser coils, which is the industry standard in efficiency and corrosion resistance. We have also focused on fan blade designs that minimize and improve the customer’s noise experience.”
Examples of updated components on Rheem’s Prestige product line include improved tubing design, which reduces opportunity for leaks, Mohammad said. Additionally, the company has introduced “a new composite base pan, which adds durability and eliminates corrosion while providing quieter operation with 35 percent fewer fasteners than previous designs and aluminum evaporator coils, which provide a more reliable, durable design than previous models with conventional coils.”
In addition to improved efficiency, manufacturers have also concentrated on improving installation and serviceability of condensing units.
“The expectations of the dealer and the consumer for serviceability and ease of installation have increased in recent years,” said Ken Ely, product manager, heat pumps and air handlers, unitary products group, building efficiency, Johnson Controls Inc. “Dealers are independent business people, so, to them, time is money. York’s LX Series residential split systems respond to this expectation with a contractor-friendly design that improves serviceability.”
“At Trane and American Standard, we always focus on ease of installation, configuration, and serviceability of our products,” Barga said. “We design our condensers with the dealer in mind, improving the quality and reliability experience of both the dealer and the homeowner. Our variable-speed systems, paired with Nexia™ Dealer Diagnostics, have taken this to the next level by allowing dealers the ability to remotely monitor customers’ systems to diagnose problems before they cause issues for the homeowner.”
A shortage of qualified refrigeration technicians means those who are servicing refrigeration equipment are pressed for time and need to move on to the next job as quickly as possible, Picker said. “Equipment that is being designed today must factor in ease of use and serviceability. Lightweight units and units with service ports, filter driers, sight glasses, and other pre-installed components streamline and speed up service calls. Also, units with onboard diagnostics allow technicians to more quickly and accurately diagnose issues. This allows a technician to correct a problem the first time rather than lose time and money on a return visit.”
Mohammad said Rheem strives to listen to its contractor customers to determine how to improve unit installability and serviceability. “Our customers have responded very well to this commitment because we’ve been able to really listen and take their wish list of features and make them a reality,” he said.
CONNECTIVITY AND CONTROL
In addition to innovations in compressor and inverter technologies, condensing units are becoming smarter and more connected than ever.
“At installation, these systems auto-detect and self-configure many settings for the unit, which simplifies the installation,” Barga said. “We’ve also designed a dealer-centric configuration using an on-board communicating display accessory [CDA] to make it easy for our dealers to have confidence that the unit is configured properly. Once the Nexia thermostat controlling the system is connected to the internet, dealers can remotely monitor the performance and health of the variable-speed system using Nexia Dealer Diagnostics. This allows dealers to remotely read sensors and error codes, which enables the dealer to identify problems before they impact the consumer experience, or enable the dealer to have the right technician with the right skill set and parts to be able to fix the unit in one visit. This is truly a game-changing advantage for our customers.”
Consumer demand drove Rheem to develop home automation products that are smarter, more efficient, and can be controlled at home or away. “We jumped on board to offer EcoNet and spent four years perfecting the product,” Mohammad said. “The Prestige Series Variable Speed Heat Pumps and Air Conditioning Units are the latest addition to our smart offerings.”
York recently began offering its Wi-Fi- and smartphone-compatible Affinity™ Residential Communicating Control and new touchscreen residential thermostat with proprietary hexagon interface, which “demonstrates the influence that connectivity and the Internet of Things have upon our products,” Ely said. “Both seamlessly connect homeowners to their HVAC systems via their smartphones, tablets, or computers. Additionally, convenient reminders and alerts can be sent directly from the system to consumers.”
Remote diagnostics have also become more popular on both residential and commercial condenser units, Ely added. “Should an issue arise with the system, the consumer will receive service notifications and be presented with the appropriate dealer contact information.”
Consumer expectations, not government regulations, are the primary driver of recent innovations in connectivity, Ernst said. “End users are looking to use smart building technology to enable precise environment control with an increased focus on comfort and business outcomes,” he said. “Daikin Applied currently offers our Intelligent Equipment® option on Rebel®, Maverick® II, and RoofPak® rooftop equipment and continues to explore how customers may benefit from extending to other platforms. Currently, condensing products can easily integrate into building automation systems, which enables more connected operations.”
Improved controls and connectivity have drastically improved troubleshooting and service, Turner added. “These tools are invaluable for technicians in the field due to their ability to rapidly diagnose a system’s failure and, subsequently, service more customers in a day. We are developing these tools to give the homeowner greater visibility into their system’s operation and contractors greater flexibility.
“Our Wi-Fi thermostats and user-interface controls provide customers greater flexibility and convenience and help them save money,” Turner continued. “The Internet of Things has also changed the way we are thinking about how we can connect with homeowners and, in turn, connect our dealers with their customers. It is helping to open new opportunities with new companies and changing the way we view our solutions and the way we go to market.”
On the commercial side, store operators want to know their systems are operating correctly, and they also want to immediately be alerted when a problem occurs, Picker said. “If the temperature in a refrigerated case is found to be beyond the safe zone, the product is often discarded because it is unknown how long the temperature has been high, and the quality and safety of the product are also unknown. With connectivity and the Internet of Things, our condensing units with on-board diagnostics can automatically alert store operators and service technicians at the first sign of a system issue. This can be hours or even days before a temperature reading is affected.
“With this advanced warning and diagnostics information, systems can be maintained with minimal or even no downtime,” he continued. “Technicians can even monitor and schedule service to avoid emergency night, weekend, or holiday repairs. Some adjustments to the system operation can even be made remotely without ever needing to visit the store.”
With so many factors influencing nearly every aspect of condenser unit design, manufacturers anticipate the market will continue to evolve rapidly in the next few years.
“Regulation and consumer demand are currently driving a shift in the industry toward more part-load energy consumption versus full-load energy consumption,” Ernst said. “Also, manufacturers are preparing for the next evolution in available refrigerants. Daikin Applied has already started planning for this shift with new refrigerant-focused work being tested in our Applied Development Center.”
Picker predicts there will continue to be a growing adoption of electronic controls on condensing units. “In order to meet the increasing energy-efficiency requirements and to allow operation with challenging new refrigerants, electronics are needed to control the operation of the unit. These electronics will allow things like low condensing and multi-refrigerant operation and aid in compressor protection. There will also be an increased adoption of modulated compression technologies, including digital and variable speed compressors. With these changes, electronic expansion valves [EEVs] will also become more common.”
“Variable-capacity technology will also continue to become more prevalent, Ely said. “York®’s LX Series 16-SEER heat pump uses inverter-driven variable-capacity technology to dynamically change capacity and airflow to precisely match the comfort requirements of a space. It benefits consumers by giving them more even temperatures, improved humidity control, and, ultimately, lower energy bills.”
Increasing demand for improved efficiency has caused condenser units to grow accordingly, which has resulted in pressure for manufacturers to limit the footprint of condenser units, Mohammad said. Additionally, increasingly stringent regulations will continue to drive changes in condenser unit technology.
“The next 10 years will bring tremendous changes to our industry, mainly driven by government regulations,” he said. “There are new minimum-efficiency requirements to meet, new refrigerants with much lower GWP targets, and new test methods to rate all products. It will be a very busy and challenging time for the industry, but, at the same time, it’s exciting because it will force the industry to be innovative in coming up with better environmentally friendly solutions for consumers.”
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Making New Year's table in the Year of the Dog - serve as a New Year's table in 2018
New 2018 th will be held under the auspices of the Yellow Earth dogs. And in preparation for the upcoming meeting of 2018, should take into account the tastes and preferences of the animal while serving a festive table. If the design of New Year's table in the Year of the Dog do the right thing, then all future 365 days will delight luck and abundance.
How to choose the color of
In dogs, the priority natural tone. Therefore, we prefer shades:
- milky white;
- a brick.
Therefore, it is necessary to set the table with a tablecloth in similar shades. A swipe to choose green, red, white, yellow or orange.
Light decor and
With candles and a warm welcoming atmosphere in the room that loves dog.
The role of natural light and the power of one large candle, set in the center of the table top. And garlands, used in the decoration of the table, add shine, without which it is impossible for the New Year's Eve and dogs.
on the New Year's table Tableware
Lowly around Dog accept clay, half and porcelain, thick glass or wooden utensils in preferred colors. Form plates, wine glasses should be smooth lines and no sharp corners. Paying tribute to the owner of the next year, glasses feet, glasses tied ribbons attached to them images of the Yellow Earth dogs.
Dishes of food are placed so that all were sitting unrestricted access to them. Save space on the table will allow stacked dishes, which fit not only fruit, but also other food.
Fruits and vegetables can be put in the form of a Christmas tree.
But you can put on the table and just.
What to regale guests
Dog - a meat-eater, and it would be nice to see the dishes of meat sliced and as an ingredient in salads. Decorate salad surface also needs in the colors of the year. suit:
- powdered egg yolks;
- lemon, orange slices;
- bright red rowan (who visited in the cold, including the refrigerator chamber);
- buckthorn berries.
suitable for serving the New Year's table and the usual Christmas decorations made of food. And from the meat or cheese products get a great conifer.
paws it acts thinly sliced product strung upright on a skewer. Such a "trunk" is attached to the middle of the dish. Moss under spruce may be, for example, pomegranate seeds, or as in the photo - cups tomato.
And it is possible to make a New Year's composition with snowmen, pre-staining the slices of cheese food coloring in green.
By using these and other techniques in the design of the table for a meeting, the Yellow Earth Dogs, it is easy to tame the animal and turn it into a friend. And she Serving New Year's table in 2018 for creative hostess has the potential to turn into a real celebration of creativity.
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